There, he coldly ordered men to be shot for alleged Trotskyist sympathies.
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James, a Trotskyist, was hugely influential on Sunkara, who said he first became radicalized in middle school.
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He dabbled in leftist anarchism, but discovered glaring flaws in the ideology; after that, he became a Trotskyist.
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At the Sorbonne, he grew obsessed with Trotskyist politics, becoming a practicing member of the Organisation Communiste Internationaliste.
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The first victims were the Party higher-ups who had supported the Trotskyist opposition, or failed to support collectivization.
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In the USSR, "Trotskyism" now became the ultimate heresy, as phrases like "Trotskyist wreckers and spies" haunted Soviet newspaper headlines.
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"They aren't Militant, are they?" says one insider, referring to the Trotskyist group that infiltrated Labour in the 1970s and 80s.
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He became a Marxist, active in the Workers Party (a Trotskyist formation and the precursor to the still existing Socialist Workers Party).
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She escaped Franco and the Nazis, to Cuba, where she lived for 25 years, leading a surrealist movement and a Trotskyist group.
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The feud between Stalin and Trotsky would culminate in the anti-Trotskyist show trials in Moscow and the terrifying purges of the 1930s.
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Proof of this is the sudden rise of Jean-Luc Mélenchon, until recently an angry ex-Trotskyist on the left wing's colorful fringe.
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Kairo's father is a Trotskyist prone to delivering stilted lectures on the rise of Sinhalese chauvinism and placing bets on horse races in England.
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Corbyn's supporters do not regard record-low poll ratings as problematic but instead as a breakthrough phenomena which no British Trotskyist movement has ever achieved.
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Lederer remembers her father's fury when he discovered a Trotskyist newspaper in her bedroom and turned all her furniture over looking for other socialist-related material.
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All 11 official candidates took part: the five front-runners plus six others, including a Ford factory worker, a Trotskyist high-school teacher, and a former shepherd.
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Then Mélenchon, an ex-Trotskyist who wanted to tax earnings of more than four hundred thousand euros at a hundred per cent, began soaring in the polls.
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There are Soviet agents and Trotskyist agitators, a cross-dressing jazz singer, an Armenian mafia boss and a rich industrialist in cahoots with a group of army officers.
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A self-proclaimed Trotskyist, he believes Bernie Sanders and the Democratic Socialists of America—the growing party focused on the "left wing of the possible"—are unnervingly compromised.
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Melenchon, a former Trotskyist, was a wildcard until his spirited performances in two televised debates strengthened his campaign and helped him leech support from the Socialist candidate, Benoit Hamon.
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If you know Miéville's work, you might guess that Thibaut is a committed Trotskyist (rather than part of the liberal Free French forces), but his affiliation is more specific.
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They divorced when he was young, and his mother became involved with a "quite extremist Trotskyist guy" who kept losing his job because of his views, Mr. Rau said.
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His mother was a psychoanalyst; his father a filmmaker who became involved in Trotskyist politics, which put the family in danger after Argentina's military coup, when Hernán was 2.
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Most, though not all, DSA members look to be proud of its multitendency nature: There's no ideological or organizational line, unlike all the American left's many Trotskyist sects of old.
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Melenchon has been a politician for decades: a Trotskyist, he joined the Socialist Party, was briefly a junior minister, then found it too tame and went back to the far left.
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In the midst of the worldwide worker and student uprisings in 1968, the Argentine Trotskyist leader known as J. Posadas wrote an essay proposing solidarity between the working class and the alien visitors.
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Calling their syncretic ideological fusion "national-anarchism," these fascists commandeered a Trotskyist strategy known as "entryism," entering groups (particularly in the green movement) and either turning them toward their ideology or destroying them from within.
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Seen by critics as a softer successor to the Trotskyist Militant movement, which Labour banned from the party as too extreme in the 18873s, Momentum has flowered into a powerful organizing vehicle for Mr. Corbyn.
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The Socialist Party USA has been one of the more prominent offshoots, having secured at least one local elected office since 20163, but others, like the Trotskyist Socialist Alternative Party, still compete for political oxygen.
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In Paris in the summer of 1938, Mercader, disguised as a Belgian student using the alias Jacques Mornard, seduced a Brooklyn Trotskyist by the name of Sylvia Ageloff, sister of one of Trotsky's former assistants.
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Kristol's pieces in the Wall Street Journal officiated at the unlikely wedding of business executives and evangelical Christians in the church of conservatism—a role that perhaps only a Jewish ex-Trotskyist could take on.
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Mr. Glazer arrived at City College in 1940, near the end of the Great Depression and at a time when the all-male, predominantly Jewish student body was largely divided into antagonistic leftist factions — Stalinist, Trotskyist, Socialist.
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A leftist with Trotskyist leanings and a fervent admirer of 22003s Soviet poster art, he became obsessed with ferreting out images of his hero, as well as photographs, posters, propaganda art and other ephemera from the Soviet period.
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Soon after, Maya's mother, Anna Mikhailovna, denounced her husband publicly for his Trotskyist views — Arutyunyan had no idea what that meant, and Maya explained that he was opposed to Stalin, who he feared would establish the rule of terror.
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Jean-Luc Melenchon, a former Trotskyist who would pull France out of NATO and possibly out of the European Union too, is climbing fastest in the polls with just over two weeks to go before the first round of a closely-fought election.
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Neoconservatism was born in New York—specifically, at the City College of New York in the 1930s where Trotskyist-inclined students ate together in the cafeteria's "Alcove I." (Self-styled Stalinists claimed "Alcove II.") "Arguing the world," they opposed totalitarians abroad and isolationists at home.
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Then, in high school, Arutyunyan read A Steep Road (usually translated into English as Into the Whirlwind) a memoir by a woman, a historian and a loyal Party member, who was falsely accused of being a Trotskyist and spent a decade in the Gulag, followed by another in internal exile.
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Having already called for Corbyn to step down in the aftermath of the Brexit vote and a vote of no-confidence by his own party, deputy leader Tom Watson has now sent an open letter to Corbyn warning of instances of "entryism" by "Trotskyist" sects within the pro-Corbyn movement, Momentum.
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In another widely noted decision, Judge Griesa, after 22015 years of litigation, ruled in 1986 that the Federal Bureau of Investigation had violated the rights of the Socialist Workers Party, a Trotskyist group, from the 1950s to the '70s by planting informants, surreptitiously entering party-related premises and engaging in other spying activities.
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An actual Marxist who once wrote a regular football column in Newsline, a Trotskyist paper produced by the Workers Revolutionary party, few managers in the English game can be as well liked as Hughton That said, few expected much of him at the Amex after a forgettable spell at Norwich City, making his achievements at Brighton – top-two finish or not – genuinely remarkable.
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Oswald first contacted the New York office in August 1962, a few months after he returned to the US after living in the Soviet Union for three years; around the same time he also renewed his subscription to the Daily Worker, the official newspaper of Communist Party USA, and got in touch with the Socialist Workers Party, the leading Trotskyist party of the time.
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The following is a list of Trotskyist organizations by country. This article lists only those currently existing parties which self-identify ideologically as Trotskyist. Included are Trotskyist factions, but not youth organizations or party alliances.
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The Revolutionary Workers Party (, PTR) was a Trotskyist political party in Chile. It was founded in January 2017 and was the Chilean section of Trotskyist Fraction – Fourth International.
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José Villa. "Ten Years of the LRCI". Many orthodox Trotskyist groups attach particular importance in holding that the Soviet Union was a degenerated workers' state and other similar societies are deformed workers' states. However, many other Trotskyist groups which have not described themselves as orthodox Trotskyist also hold this view.
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There are also Communist and Trotskyist minorities in the CTA.
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The Workers' Party (, PT) is a Trotskyist political party in Paraguay.
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Revolutionary Anticapitalist Left (, IZAR) is a Trotskyist political party in Spain.
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In 1955, he and Kanichi Kuroda established the Japan Revolutionary Communist League, thus becoming leader of the Fourth International in Japan. In 1957, he established the Japanese Trotskyist League (日本トロツキスト連盟 Nihon Trotskyist Renmei). In 1970, he was sentenced to death by his former fellow members for leaving the Japanese Trotskyist League. He spearheaded Ainu Revolution Theory, grouping the Ainu within the lumpenproletariat.
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The League for a Workers' Republic (LWR) was a Trotskyist organisation in Ireland.
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The Revolutionary Workers' Party (, POR) is a Trotskyist political party in Bolivia. At its height in the late 1940s and early 1950s, the POR was one of the few Trotskyist parties in history to gain a mass working-class following.
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Lucienne Abraham (1916–1970), also known as Michèle Mestre, was a French Trotskyist politician.
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Workers' Fight has been the name of several Trotskyist groups and publications in Britain.
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The illegal Trotskyist organization was born on the day following the death of its spiritual father. [...] From this moment on, the story of Leon was linked with the history of the Trotskyist movement in Belgium." Mandel credits Leon with being 'the principal inspirer of the [Belgian Trotskyist] party". He states that Leon "served as political secretary from the time the first executive committee was set up" and that Leon served as the editor-in-chief of the illegal Belgian Trotskyist newspaper La Voie de Lénine (The Road of Lenin); he also wrote many of the most important articles for this paper.
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The International Socialists (1968–1986) was a Third Camp Trotskyist group in the United States.
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Ross Jewitt Dowson (September 4, 1917 - February 17, 2002) was a Canadian Trotskyist political figure.
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Joseph Carter (1910–1970) was the pseudonym of Joseph Friedman, a founding member of the American Trotskyist movement. Friedman was expelled from the Young Communist League, the youth wing of the Communist Party of America, in 1929 for his Trotskyist sympathies. He became a charter member of the Trotskyist Communist League of America and with Emanuel Geltman and Albert Glotzer created Young Spartacus, the youth newspaper of the Communist league. Drucker, Peter.
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Along with Alain Krivine and Roseline Vachetta, Besancenot was one of three spokespersons for the Ligue communiste révolutionnaire (LCR), a far-left political party which is the French section of the reunified Fourth International, an international Trotskyist group. Besancenot, however, eschews the Trotskyist label: :I'm neither Trotskyist nor Guevarist or Luxemburgist, I'm a revolutionary. And revolution needs to be reinvented, for no revolutionary experiment has ever succeeded. Some of them ended up as bloody caricatures.
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Most former members of the RCP had left the Trotskyist movement by the end of 1951.
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This was followed by "Trotskyist International" which, although still theoretical, also looked more at current affairs.
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This is a list of Trotskyist internationals. It includes all of the many political internationals which self-identify as Trotskyist. Of the organizations listed, three claim to be the original Fourth International founded in 1938: the reunified Fourth International and the International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI). Certain organizations which claim to be Trotskyist make no attempt to claim any relationship to the Fourth International in an organizational sense and argue that it no longer exists.
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Farrell Dobbs (July 25, 1907 - October 31, 1983) was an American Trotskyist, trade unionist, politician, and historian.
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In the 1990s, Johansson was also a member of the Justice Party - the Socialists, a trotskyist organization.
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Rodolphe (Rudi) Prager (March 31, 1918 in Berlin - 2002) was a French militant Trotskyist politician and publicist.
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Critical Left (, SC) was a communist and Trotskyist political party in Italy, affiliated to the Fourth International.
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Red Flag is an Australian newspaper which is published bi-weekly by the Trotskyist organisation Socialist Alternative.
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Abraham (Abram) Leon (1918–1944) (born Abraham Wejnstok), was a Belgian Jewish Trotskyist party leader and theorist.
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It is this meeting that committed him into joining the Trotskyist movement, within the Internationalist Workers' Party.
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The Workers' International League (WIL) was a Trotskyist group that existed in Britain from 1937 to 1944.
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Hugo Dewar (9 August 1908 – June 1980) was a Trotskyist activist influential in founding many of the early British Trotskyist groups. Dewar was born in Leyton in London in 1908. He joined the Independent Labour Party in 1928, and in 1930 co-founded the Marxian League.Alexander, Robert Jackson.
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He left the organization and briefly joined the Trotskyist Communist League of America in 1930. On March 15, 1931, Weisbord and his wife launched an independent Marxist group, the Communist League of Struggle, which existed until 1937. This was the first split in the US Trotskyist movement. For the first three years the group asserted agreement with the policies of the Trotskyist International Left Opposition and regularly carried Trotskys articles, but in November 1934 Weisbord and the CLS openly broke with Trotsky.
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Revolutionary Workers Party−RWP, initially known as Revolutionary Samasamaja Party is a Trotskyist political party in Sri Lanka.
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In subsequent years Trotsky's essay was reprinted several times under its own covers by the international Trotskyist movement.
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The Revolutionary Marxist League was a Trotskyist vanguard party that existed in Hong Kong from 1975 to 1991.
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The Revolutionary Workers Party Trotskyist–Posadist (Spanish: Partido Obrero Revolucionario Trotskista Posadista, POR-TP) was a small Trotskyist political party in Bolivia formed in 1963. It was established by a dissident group which broke away from the Revolutionary Workers' Party of Bolivia.Charles Hobday. Communist and Marxist parties of the world.
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Workers' Cause Party (, PCO) is a political party in Brazil. Its origins can be traced back to 1978. On that year, several Trotskyist activists who were not satisfied with the socialist international united under the name Tendência Trotskista do Brasil (Brazilian Trotskyist Tendency, TTB). However, it was only established in 1995.
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A Trotskyist can be called a "Trotskyite" or "Trot", especially by a critic of Trotskyism.Collins Dictionary and Thesaurus (1993).
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Dr. D'Amato presents a brief introduction to the philosophy of Karl Marx and Frederich Engels through a Trotskyist perspective.
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The International Workers League (Fourth International) or IWLfi ( or LITci; or LIT-QI) is a Morenist Trotskyist international organisation.
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Internationalist Struggle (LI) (, ) is a Trotskyist organisation in Spain. It is part of the International Workers' Unity – Fourth International.
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Nadezhda Adolfovna Joffe () (1906 - March 18, 1999) was a Soviet Trotskyist and daughter of early Soviet leader Adolph Joffe.
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After the league was disbanded in 1991, he became active member of another Trotskyist group called April Fifth Action.
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The Revolutionary Socialist League (RSL) was a Trotskyist group in the United States established circa 1972 and disbanded 1989.
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Bulletin, publication of the Belfast R.M.G., from 1972Revolutionary Marxist Group was a Trotskyist organization in Ireland during the 1970s.
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Nathalie Malinarich. BBC News, Chavez accelerates on path to socialism. Retrieved 19 June 2007. Venezuelan Trotskyist organizations do not regard Chávez as a Trotskyist, with some describing him as a bourgeois nationalistDeclaración PolÃtica de la JIR, como Fracción Pública del PRS, por una real independencia de clase (Extractos) – Juventud de Izquierda Revolucionaria. Replay.web.archive.org.
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Nick Origlass (13 January 1908 – 17 May 1996) was an Australian Trotskyist who served as mayor of Leichhardt in Sydney.
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Emerging from the Communist International, but critical of the post-1924 Soviet Union, the Trotskyist tradition in Western Europe and elsewhere uses the term "revolutionary socialism". In 1932, the first issue of the first Canadian Trotskyist newspaper The Vanguard published an editorial entitled "Revolutionary Socialism vs Reformism"."Revolutionary Socialism vs Reformism". The Vanguard (1). 1932.
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Sam Bornstein (1920 - 1990) was a British Trotskyist historian and activist. Bornstein was a member of the ILP Guild of Youth, but eventually moved towards Trotskyist ideas and joined the Workers International League, helping to build their branch in Stepney.Obituary by Sam Levy With Al Richardson,"Al Richardson" The Guardian. Retrieved 2016-11-06.
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Vadim Zakharovich Rogovin () (10 May 1937, in Moscow – 25 September 1998, in Moscow) was a Russian Marxist (Trotskyist)Rogovin'a obituary by David North historian and sociologist, Ph.D. in philosophy, Leading Researcher at the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the author of Was There An Alternative?, the 7-volume study of Stalin era between 1923 and 1940, with an emphasis on the Trotskyist opposition. He was considered the leading one among Trotskyist Soviet historians emerging after Perestroika. In 1998, Rogovin died of cancer, survived by his wife, Galina Valiuzhenich.
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From the outset, the Young Socialists organisation saw conflict between Trotskyist entryist groups that published the paper Young Guard and a group that published a rival paper, Keep Left, which formed the leadership. Both groups came from the Trotskyist tradition, but their methods and ideas differed considerably. Keep Left was published by the Socialist Labour League, a Trotskyist group led by Gerry Healy, until the League took its supporters out of the Labour Party in 1964-65\. The Socialist Labour League became the Workers Revolutionary Party, which maintained its own Young Socialists section until 1985.
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The Independent, John Lichfield, 18 September 2010 He then joined a tiny Trotskyist group, the Union Communiste, led by Barta (David Korner) a Romanian Trotskyist. Given that the group was clandestine, all members adopted cadre names and there was a considerable stress on security within the group. This continues today as does the emphasis of the UCI on orienting towards workers in the workplaces. The UC did not take part in the regroupment of the other French Trotskyist groups which took place in 1944 and led to the foundation of the Internationalist Communist Party.
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The League for the Fifth International (L5I) is an international grouping of revolutionary Trotskyist organisations around a common programme and perspectives.
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Internationalen masthead, 1976 Internationalen (the Swedish language name of "The Internationale") is a Swedish Trotskyist weekly newspaper of the Socialist Party.
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Joseph Leroy Hansen (June 16, 1910 – January 18, 1979), was an American Trotskyist and leading figure in the Socialist Workers Party.
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Viento Sur, núm. 115. pp. 64-71. The LCR had a trotskyist ideology, adopting more heterodox political positions in the 1980s.
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James "Jock" Ritchie Haston (1913–1986) was a Trotskyist politician and General Secretary of the Revolutionary Communist Party in Great Britain.
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Workers' Democracy () is a small Trotskyist group in Poland. Originally named Socialist Solidarity, it is affiliated with the International Socialist Tendency.
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The Socialist Alternative Politics (Dutch: Socialistische Alternatieve Politiek, or SAP) is a Trotskyist political group in the Netherlands without parliamentary representation.
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The Spartacist League was a small Trotskyist political party in Sweden. It was a member of the international Spartacist tendency (iSt). The League consisted of a small nucleus of supporters, from the late 1970s until the early 1980s. The members of that group are today found in other Trotskyist groups in Sweden or remain active in other League sections.
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Although Socialist Alternative has sometimes pursued a democratic socialist strategy, most notably in Seattle where Kshama Sawant was elected to the Seattle City Council as an openly socialist candidate in 2013., it identifies as a Trotskyist political organization. Socialist Alternative is the U.S. affiliate of the International Socialist Alternative, which is a Brussels-based international of Trotskyist political parties.
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The Workers and Socialist Party (WASP) is a Marxist and Trotskyist political party in South Africa affiliated to the International Socialist Alternative.
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As part of his law practice during the 1960s and early 1970s, he defended the Trotskyist Workers Revolutionary Party's (PRT) political prisoners.
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Like other Leninist and Trotskyist parties, it upholds the principles of democratic centralism in order to ensure "bottom-up democracy" among party members.
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Later, a "Fifth International of Communists" was founded in 1994 by several small former Trotskyist groups around the Movement for a Socialist Future.
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In France, Trotskyist organizations, most notably the Parti des Travailleurs and its predecessors, have successfully entered trade unions and mainstream left-wing parties.
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Socialist Resistance of Kazakhstan (, Qazaqstannyń Sotsıalıstik karsylyǵy; , Socialističeskoe Soprotivlenie Kazahstana) is a Trotskyist political organisation in Kazakhstan affiliated to the International Socialist Alternative.
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The Internationalist Communist Organisation (, OCI) was a Trotskyist political party in France. Its successor is the Internationalist Communist Current of the Workers Party.
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The Workers Internationalist League was a Trotskyist group in Britain founded in the summer of 1983 by the Internationalist Faction of the Workers Socialist League.Barberis, P. et al. Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations: Parties, Groups and Movements of the 20th Century A&C; Black, 2000, p169 It was the British affiliate of the Trotskyist International Liaison Committee until that body was renamed the International Trotskyist Committee. Although a small group, it immediately moved to producing a paper which was called Workers' International News in mimicry of the magazine of the war-time Workers International League.
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The Revolutionary Socialist Workers' Party (, DSİP) is a Trotskyist party in Turkey. It was founded by Şevket Doğan Tarkan and his friends from Trotskyist journal Socialist Worker in 1997. The group had links to far-left Kurtuluş Hareketi (Liberation Movement) before the 1980 Turkish coup d'état. An opposition grouping within DSİP named Antikapitalist was formed following a split in DSİP.
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Though many were detained in Ceylon, several party leaders were able to escape to India, evading arrest. These included Party General Secretary Leslie Goonewardene and his wife, Vivienne Goonewardene. They settled in Calcutta, and established networks with the local Trotskyist networks. Other Ceylonese Trotskysists established contact with the Uttar Pradesh Trotskyist group, as well as groups in Bombay and Madras.
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Marcel Bleibtreu (26 August 1918 – 25 December 2001) was a French trotskyist activist and theorist. Bleibtreu was born during his family's refuge in Marseille from wartime bombing, Marcel Bleibtreu became a radical thinker as a child. After studies at the lycée Condorcet, he studied medicine in Paris, and graduated in 1947. He joined the Groupe Bolchevik Léniniste, the Trotskyist organisation, in September 1936.
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The Internationalist Workers Party (Fourth International) was a Trotskyist group in the United States. It was the American affiliate of the Morenoist International Workers League (Fourth International). It was unique in that it was the first American Trotskyist organization whose membership came principally from the Hispanic demographic. The group began as the Revolutionary Workers Front-Frente Revolucionario de los Trabajadores in March 1980.
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Piyaseeli Wijegunasingha (February 20, 1943 – September 2, 2010) was a Sri Lankan literary critic, Trotskyist and Marxist scholar, and a member of Sri Lanka's Socialist Equality Party from 1968 until her death.WSWS Piyaseeli Wijegunasingha, a Sri Lankan Trotskyist, dies at 67 She worked as a lecturer for 44 yearsFernando, Mano. Piyaseeli Wijegunasingha Samachara (no English translation available). Wijesuriya Grantha Kendraya, 2011, p. ix.
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Sy Landy (7 May 1931 – 28 November 2007) was an American Trotskyist politician. Born in Brooklyn, Landy studied at Brooklyn College, where he joined the third camp Trotskyist Independent Socialist League (ISL), led by Max Shachtman. The ISL moved away from revolutionary politics and merged with Norman Thomas' Socialist Party in 1958. Schachtman and many of the "Schachtmanites" moved rapidly to the right.
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The Revolutionary Communist League (Internationalist) was a small Trotskyist group in the US, which existed in various forms between 1968 and the late 1980s.
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Prokopy Zubarev (February 1886 - 15 March 1938) was a Soviet party statesman. He was purged and executed during the "anti-Trotskyist" repressions of Stalin.
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The Spark is a Trotskyist group that is based in the United States for the purpose to align internationally with the Lutte Ouvrière tendency.
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In 1932, the Balham Group, the first British Trotskyist group, was expelled from the Communist Party of Great Britain and formed the Communist League.
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Kanai Pal was an Indian Trotskyist politician. A labour leader active in Santipur, West Bengal, he represented the area in the state legislature 1962–1969.
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Tom Maidhc O'Flaherty (1889-1936) was an Irish Communist politician in the early 20th century, a supporter of the Trotskyist James P. Cannon, and writer.
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Start – Socialist Internationalist Organisation (, Xekínima – Sosialistiké Diethnistikí Orgánosi) is a political party in Greece and the Greek section of the Trotskyist International Socialist Alternative (ISA).
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His wife, Elena Domicėlė Tautkaitė, was executed in 1937 for "Trotskyist activities" and their three children were adopted and taken home by their maternal aunt.
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Workers Power () is the Swedish section of the League for the Fifth International, a small Trotskyist organisation. It was founded in 1994, as a split from Socialistiska Partiet (the Swedish section of USFI). In 1998 it fused with another Trotskyist organisation, the Marxist Left (a split in 1996 from the CWI). Arbetarmakt has been much involved in the anti-globalisation movement, but also in anti-racist struggles.
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More recently, a movement by the Worker-Communist Party of Iran and its leaders such as Hamid Taqvaee and Maryam Namazie, together with groups including Left Worker-communist Party of Iraq, has emerged calling for a third camp opposing American militarism and Islamic terrorism."Third camp". However, this is unrelated to the Trotskyist third camp theory as neither organisation comes from a Trotskyist background.
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Bounded Choice: True Believers and Charismatic Cults. Berkeley: University of California Press. . In Britain, the Workers Revolutionary Party (WRP), a Trotskyist group led by Gerry Healy and strongly supported by actress Vanessa Redgrave, has been described by others, who have been involved in the Trotskyist movement, as having been a cult or as displaying cult-like characteristics in the 1970s and 1980s.North, David. 1991.
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In other elections it urged its members to vote, where possible for the SWP, Workers World Party, and Communist Party candidates in that order.Alexander pp.939-941 The group worked to bring together the various Trotskyist groups in the Us under one hoster two Emergency National Trotskyist Conferences in 1983 and 1982. It was also in talks to merge with the Revolutionary Workers League.
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Yvan Craipeau (24 September 1911, La Roche-sur-Yon, Vendée – 13 December 2001) was a French Trotskyist activist. Born in La Roche-sur-Yon, he helped found a local independent Marxist organisation while he was still in his teens. Expelled from school, he moved to Paris and became associated with the Trotskyist group around La Verité. In 1930, the group founded the Communist League.
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Nanayakkarapathirage Martin Perera, commonly known as Dr. N. M. Perera (Sinhala එන්.එම්.පෙරේරා ; 6 June 1904 – 14 August 1979), was one of the leaders of the Sri Lankan Trotskyist Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP). He was the first Trotskyist to become a cabinet minister. He served two terms as Minister of Finance and Leader of the Opposition, as well as one term as the Mayor of Colombo.
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Broué later noted that even imprisoned, several opposition members continued participating in an underground Trotskyist group. In early 2018, some documents belonging to this group were discovered by the Russian Federal Prison service in the Verkhne-Uralsk isolator, where certain opposition leaders, like Alexander Slepkov were imprisoned. The fate of 'the liberals' and the main Trotskyist Group is unknown. Some workers still maintened contact with Trotsky.
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One of the collecting specialities of the Modern Records Centre is Trotskyist politics. Significant collections of papers relating to Trotskyist organisations include Bookmarks Publications, the International Marxist Group, the International Socialism Group, the Militant tendency, the Revolutionary Socialist League, the Socialist Party, Socialist Reproduction, the Socialist Vanguard Group, and the Spartacist League. Papers of individuals associated with Trotskyist organisations include those of Chris Bambery, Colin Barker, Alan Clinton, Jimmy Deane, Reg Groves, Alistair Mutch, Geoff Pugh, Bob Purdie, Tony Whelan, and Harry Wicks. The Centre also holds the papers of several Labour Members of Parliament: Richard Crossman, Maurice Edelman, Terry Fields, William Hamling, Pat Wall, and William Wilson.
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Though Philip Gunawardena, N.M. Perera, Edmund Samarakkody, and Colvin R. de Silva were detained in Ceylon, Leslie was in India, his properties in Ceylon seized. He settled in Calcutta and established networks with the local Trotskyist organisations, including that of the Uttar Pradesh Trotskyist group, as well as groups in Bombay and Madras. Through discussion, the Indian and Ceylonese Trotskyists led by Leslie established a preliminary committee for the formation of the Bolshevik–Leninist Party of India, Ceylon and Burma (BLPI for short). The discussions for this took place through underground meetings in Kandy in December 1940 and March 1941 and set the stage for a sole Trotskyist party for India.
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The Committee for a Workers' International (CWI) was an international association of Trotskyist political parties. Today, two groups claim to be the continuation of the CWI.
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The Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (, POSI) is a Spanish political party of trotskyist ideology founded in 1980. It is a member of the Fourth International (ICR).
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The Workers' Revolutionary Current (in Spanish: Corriente Revolucionaria de Trabajadores y Trabajadoras; in Catalan: Corrent Revolucionària de Treballadors i Treballadores) is a Trotskyist group in Spain.
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The Revolutionary Workers League is a small Trotskyist group formed in the United States in the late 1970s. The RWL still has about 20 active members.
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Understanding Korean Politics: An Introduction. SUNY Press, 2001. , , p. 275. Some socialist groups like the Trotskyist Alliance for Workers' Liberty describe modern China as "neo-Stalinist".
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He then left the Communist Party in 1991 and joined the Pakistan Peoples Party and the Trotskyist The Struggle group. He is married to Akhtar Sultana.
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Revolutionary Socialism () is a Trotskyist political party in Venezuela. It was formerly affiliated to the Committee for a Workers' International. The party publishes the newspaper El Militante.
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The Spartacist League of Britain (Spartacist League/Britain) is a Trotskyist political organisation in Britain. It is the British section of the International Communist League (Fourth Internationalist).
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Lenni Brenner (born 1937) is an American Trotskyist writer. In the 1960s, Brenner was a prominent civil rights activist and a prominent opponent of the Vietnam War.
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International Socialists (, abbreviated IS) is a revolutionary, Trotskyist organisation in the Netherlands. It is part of the International Socialist Tendency led by the British Socialist Workers Party.
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Since the assassination of Leon Trotsky in 1940, the theory of permanent revolution has been maintained by the various Trotskyist groups which have developed since then. However, the theory has been extended only modestly, if at all. While their conclusions differ, works by mainstream Trotskyist theoreticians such as Robert Chester, Joseph Hansen, Michael Löwy and Livio Maitan related it to post-war political developments in Algeria, Cuba and elsewhere.
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"Dva sledstvennykh dela Evgenii Ginzburg, p. 21. From the day of her arrest, and unlike most of those around her, she forcefully denied the NKVD's accusations and never accepted any role in the supposed "counter-revolutionary Trotskyist organization."As recorded in her initial interrogation, when asked whether she recognized her guilt, she responded "I do not acknowledge it. I have not engaged in any Trotskyist struggle with the party.
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Socialist Party (Marxist) was a Trotskyist political party in India. It was formed in 1954 by the Trotskyists inside the Socialist Party, who broke away in protest against the merger of the Socialist Party and the Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party into the Praja Socialist Party. The new party was not affiliated to any of the Trotskyist Fourth Internationals. In 1958 the Socialist Party (Marxist) merged into the Revolutionary Workers Party.
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The Workers' Socialist Movement (Spanish: Movimiento Socialista de los Trabajadores, MST) is a Trotskyist (left-wing socialist) political party in Argentina. The MST was founded in 1992 as a split from another Trotskyist group, the Movement Towards Socialism (see Nahuel Moreno). The MST is active on a number of college campuses, including the University of Buenos Aires. The party in 2006 has suffered a crisis which led to a split.
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Facing Reality originated in the Johnson- Forest Tendency led by C. L. R. James and Raya Dunayevskaya. It has its origins in the Trotskyist left but regarded the Soviet Union as state capitalist. By 1951, the Johnson-Forest Tendency had left the Trotskyist left to form its own organization known as Correspondence Publishing Committee. C. L. R. James was forced to leave the USA in the early 1950s and Correspondence split.
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The Revolutionary Socialist League (RSL) was a Trotskyist group in Britain which existed from 1956 to 1964, when it became Militant, an entryist group in the Labour Party.
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Duncan Hallas (23 December 1925 – 19 September 2002), was a prominent member of the Trotskyist movement and a leading member of the Socialist Workers Party in Great Britain.
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Michel Pablo (; 24 August 1911, Alexandria, Egypt - 17 February 1996, Athens) was the pseudonym of Michalis N. Raptis (Greek: Μιχάλης Ν. Ράπτης), a Trotskyist leader of Greek origin.
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Livio Maitan (April 1, 1923 – September 16, 2004) was an Italian Trotskyist, a leader of Associazione Bandiera Rossa and of the Fourth International. He was born in Venice.
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LI is a republican organization that supports the self- determination for the peoples of Spain and is a full member of the Trotskyist International Workers' Unity – Fourth International.
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The United Socialist Party (, Eksath Samajavadi Pakshaya, , Aikkiy soōcialica Kaṭci) is a Trotskyist political party in Sri Lanka. It is affiliated to the Committee for a Workers' International.
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Tia Sáng ('The Spark') was a Trotskyist Vietnamese-language newspaper. Tia Sang was the legal organ of the October group. Tia Sang was founded in 1938.Fukui, Haruhiro.
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Livingstone 1987. p. 26. Livingstone and the leftists became embroiled in factional in-fighting within Labour, vying with centrist members for powerful positions. Although never adopting Marxism, Livingstone became involved with a number of Trotskyist groups active within Labour; viewing them as potential allies, he became friends with Chris Knight, Graham Bash and Keith Veness, members of the Socialist Charter, a Trotskyist cell affiliated with the Revolutionary Communist League that had infiltrated the Labour party. In his struggle against Labour centrists, Livingstone was influenced by Trotskyist Ted Knight, who convinced him to oppose the use of British troops in Northern Ireland, believing they would simply be used to quash nationalist protests against British rule.
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He continued to hold other parts of Marxism as true. Van Heijenoort was spared the ordeal of McCarthyism because everything he published in Trotskyist organs appeared under one or other of more than a dozen pen names. Moreover, Feferman (1993) states that van Heijenoort the logician was quite reticent about his Trotskyist youth, and did not discuss politics. Nevertheless, in the last decade of his life he contributed to the history of the Trotskyist movement by writing the monograph With Trotsky in Exile (1978), editing a volume of Trotsky's correspondence (1980), and advising and working with the archivists at the Houghton Library in Harvard University, which holds many of Trotsky's papers from his years in exile.
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The Revolutionary Communist Party was a British Trotskyist group, formed in 1944 and active until 1949, which published the newspaper Socialist Appeal and a theoretical journal, Workers International News.
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In 2004, the party merged with a South Island-based Trotskyist group, Revolution,Ferguson, P. (1997, April/May). Editorial: Welcome to the revolution. Revolution. Retrieved from .Radical Media Collective.
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The Japan Revolutionary Communist League (Japanese: 日本革命的共産主義者同盟 Nihon Kakumeiteki Kyōsanshugisha Dōmei) (JRCL) is a Trotskyist group in Japan.
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In the 24–27 July 2008 congress Paolo Ferrero was elected party secretary with the support of all the minority factions, notably including The Ernesto and some Trotskyist groups.
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He began working with Trotskyist groups, and aided in the formation of the Internationalist Communist Party (PCI). Lequenne was forced to relocate thrice during the Occupation, but eventually moved back to Paris to work as a construction worker. As a construction worker, he joined a union managed by the General Confederation of Labour. He moved up in the ranks of the union until he was unmasked as a Trotskyist by the Communist Party.
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In 2010, Hugo Chávez proclaimed support for the ideas of Marxist Leon Trotsky, saying "When I called him (former Minister of Labour, José Ramón Rivero)" Chávez explained, "he said to me: 'President I want to tell you something before someone else tells you ... I am a Trotskyist', and I said, 'well, what is the problem? I am also a Trotskyist! I follow Trotsky's line, that of permanent revolution", and then cited Marx and Lenin.
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Trotsky's eulogy at Joffe's funeral was his last public speech in the Soviet Union.Joffe, p. 65 Joffe's wife Maria Joffe was arrested as a left-oppositionist Trotskyist by Stalin's security forces, yet she survived to write her memoirs One Long Night – A Tale of Truth. Joffe's daughter, Nadezhda Joffe, also an active Trotskyist, survived Stalin's prisons and labor camps and published a memoir, Back in Time: My Life, My Fate, My Epoch.
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Page 7. In 1939, Judith graduated from Morris High School in the Bronx at 16 and rethought her politics under the influence of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact (August 23), shifting to a Trotskyist outlook. She married Dan Zissman the next year, less than four months into a relationship that started when they met at a Trotskyist Fourth of July picnic in Central Park. Their daughter Merril Zissman was born in December 1942.
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The Socialist Workers' Party (), previously known as the Workers Party for Socialism (Partido de Trabajadores por el Socialismo), is a Trotskyist political party in Argentina. It was founded in 1988, as the first schism of the Movimiento al Socialismo (MAS), a Trotskyist party led by Nahuel Moreno until his death. Within the next four years, the MAS split into more than 20 groups. In the presidential election of 2007 it obtained 95,000 votes (0,57%).
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3 The RWL originally thought of itself as an "opposition" within the official Trotskyist movement, in the same manner as Trotskyism originally conceived of itself as the "Left Opposition" within the Comintern. They focused, in their early years, to recruiting within the Trotskyist ranks, and may have created the "Marxist Policy Committee" within the Trotskyists' Socialist Appeal Association for that purpose.Max Shachtman, "Footnote for Historians," New International, Vol. 4, No. 12, December 1938.
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The International Socialist Group (ISG) was a Trotskyist organisation in Britain. It was the British section of the Fourth International (FI) until July 2009 when it dissolved into Socialist Resistance.
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New Internationalist Left (, Nea Diethnistike Aristera (NEDA); ) is a Trotskyist political organization in Cyprus affiliated to the International Socialist Alternative. It is not represented in parliament or other government bodies.
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He was a keen Esperantist and strongly promoted the Esperanto language as part of the Trotskyist movement. He died in 1990, living his later years paralysed and unable to communicate.
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Through the French- speaking electoral college, the party is represented in the Federal Parliament. Other minor communist parties are the Trotskyist Socialistische Arbeiderspartij (SAP) and the Linkse Socialistische Partij (LSP).
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"Raid on Leftist Lair Yields Police Radio Recordings", The Japan Times, 10 April 1998 Formerly close to the Spartacist League, the group now has friendly relations with the International Trotskyist Fraction.
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The Organization of Internationalist Communists of Greece (Greek: Οργάνωση Κομμουνιστών Διεθνιστών Ελλάδας, Organosi Kommouniston Diethniston Elladas) is a Greek Trotskyist political party. It is also known by its acronym ΟΚΔΕ (OKDE).
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She opposed the Stalinization of the KPP and the Communist International. Arrested in 1937 during Stalinist purges, accused of adherence to nationalist and Trotskyist views, she died in prison in 1939.
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Bolshevik–Leninist Party of India, Ceylon and Burma Though Philip Gunawardena, N.M. Perera, Edmund Samarakkody, and Colvin R. de Silva were detained in Ceylon, Goonewardene and his wife Vivienne were able to escape to India, but Goonewardene's properties were seized. They settled in Calcutta and established networks with the local Trotskyist organisations, including that of the Uttar Pradesh Trotskyist group, as well as groups in Bombay and Madras. Through discussion, the Indian and Ceylonese Trotskyists led by Goonewardene established a preliminary committee for the formation of the Bolshevik–Leninist Party of India, Ceylon and Burma (BLPI for short). The discussions for this took place through underground meetings in Kandy in December 1940 and March 1941 and set the stage for a sole Trotskyist party for India.
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They saw the course of the SWP towards a regrouping with the ISFI, which had long been called Pabloite by members of the ICFI as breaking with basic Trotskyist principles. The party leadership at the same time blocked discussion over other issues, such as the SWP's support for Fidel Castro as an "unconscious" Trotskyist. The ICFI leadership, supported by the RT, argued that if a revolution can be carried out by an unconscious Trotskyist, there was no point of building the Fourth International as the conscious leadership of the working class. The ICFI traced the SWP's support for Cuba to their "regroupment" policy, in which according to the ICFI they attempted to gain the support of the middle class radical supporters of Cuba.
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The Lega trotskista d'Italia of Trotskyist League of Italy is an Italian Trotskyist group. It is the Italian section of the International Communist League (Fourth Internationalist), or "Spartacist" tendency within international Trotskyism. The Italian Spartacists came from two different organizational splits. One was formed in 1975 from dissidents of the Revolutionary Marxist Fraction led by Roberto Massari who announced the creation of a Spartacist Nucleus at the July 1975 European encampment of the international Spartacist tendency.
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With the Party, he fought in the French resistance against Nazi occupiers during Second World War. When Joseph Stalin disbanded the Comintern in 1943, Broué became strongly critical of Stalinism, resigning from the FCP as a result. By 1944, he became a Trotskyist, joined the Fourth International, and remained a Trotskyist for the rest of his life. In 1952, he followed Pierre Lambert during a split in the movement and continued as a "Lambertist" for many years.
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Head has been a member of the Orthodox Trotskyist group Socialist Equality Party for over forty years, and is a regular contributor to the World Socialist Website, a Trotskyist news website associated with the group. Head has contested several seats in the Australian elections over many years. At the 2010 Australian federal election, Head contested the Greater Western Sydney seat of Fowler. In the 2013 election, Head ran for election in the Senate for the state of Queensland.
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Critics have argued that since the founders of neo-conservatism included ex-Trotskyists, Trotskyist traits continue to characterize neo-conservative ideologies and practices. During the Reagan administration, the charge was made that the foreign policy of the Reagan administration was being managed by ex Trotskyists. This claim was called a "myth" by , who was a neoconservative himself."A 1987 article in The New Republic described these developments as a Trotskyist takeover of the Reagan administration", wrote .
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The Turnerites reorganized into an independent group, the Trotskyist Organizing Committee (TOC). At this point it had around thirty members spread out in New York, Chicago, San Francisco and Texas. It began making overtures to other Trotskyist parties based on a five point programme: recognition of the counter-revolutionary role of Stalinism, for the Fourth International, for the Transitional Program, a national organization of rank-and-file trade union caucuses and formation of a labor party.
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Numerous groups around the world continue to describe themselves as Trotskyist and see themselves as standing in this tradition, although they have diverse interpretations of the conclusions to be drawn from this.
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Limonov's New York acquaintances included Studio 54's Steve Rubell and a Trotskyist group, the Socialist Workers Party.Meier, Andrew (2 March 2008). "Putin's Paraiah". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 March 2012.
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"Look at This: Communist Party Needs 'Trotskyist' Goons!," New Solidarity, Vol. IV, No. 4, April 30-May 4, 1973 (Published Weekly by the National Caucus of Labor Committees), pp. 1, 4-5.
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The Workers Democracy Group (Thai: กลุ่มประชาธิปไตยแรงงาน, pronounced ) is a Trotskyist group in Thailand found in 1998. It is a member of the International Socialist Tendency led by the British Socialist Workers Party.
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219–220, 241, 405; Tismăneanu, pp. 115, 118, 126 An article published in 1948 in the Trotskyist journal New International described Luca as the "most sectarian member of the Stalinist ruling gang".
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He married Betty Russell in December 1941: the couple had a daughter, Mary and a son, Alan. He had affairs with Swiss-British Trotskyist Betty Hamilton and with his political secretary Aileen Jennings.
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Eideman was one of the defendants in the Case of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization alongside Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky. He was executed in Moscow. After the death of Joseph Stalin, Eideman was rehabilitated.
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The Revolutionary Socialists (; ) (RS) are a Trotskyist organisation in Egypt originating in the tradition of 'Socialism from Below'. Leading RS members include sociologist Sameh Naguib. The organisation produces a newspaper called The Socialist.
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Bernard Wolfe. Twayne's United States Authors Series, vol. 211. Twayne Publishers. He moved to New York and between 1936 and 1938 contributed to Trotskyist journals, such as The Militant and The New International.
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Workers' Power was a Trotskyist group which formed the British section of the League for the Fifth International. The group published the magazine Workers Power and distributed the English language journal Fifth International.
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Pierre Broué (8 May 1926 – 27 July 2005) was a French historian and Trotskyist revolutionary militant whose work covers the history of the Bolshevik Party, the Spanish Revolution and biographies of Leon Trotsky.
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It is committed to Trotskyist "permanent revolution", rejecting Mao's peasant guerilla warfare model. The group's publication is Workers Vanguard. Much of the group's activity has involved stopping Ku Klux Klan and Nazi rallies.
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The Workers Revolutionary Party is a Trotskyist group in Britain once led by Gerry Healy. In the mid-1980s, it split into several smaller groups, one of which retains possession of the name.
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The Congress was especially notable for bringing the International into much closer contact with Trotskyist groups from across the globe. These included such significant groups as the Revolutionary Workers' Party of Bolivia and the Lanka Sama Samaja Party in what was then Ceylon, "The Third World Congress of the Fourth International" , Fourth International, November 1951. but the previously large Vietnamese Trotskyist groups had mostly been eliminated or absorbed by the supporters of Ho Chi Minh. "The Fourth International in Vietnam" , Revolutionary History, Vol.
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Contemporains was founded by individuals who split from the French Communist Party over disputes about the Yugoslav affair, such as Jean Cassou, Jean Duvignaud, Claude Aveline, and Louis Martin-Chauffier. In 1952, the Pabloite movement swept across the PCI, and the Pabloite minority split from the party. Lequenne stuck with the party, and shortly thereafter became editor-in-chief at La Vérité. He also headed the Lenin Circle, which was a discussion group between Trotskyist and non- Trotskyist members of the PCI.
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In a 2001 interview with Reason, Hitchens said he became a Marxist and a Trotskyist in his teens, beliefs that further developed during his time at Balliol College, Oxford. In 1966, he was demonstrating in Trafalgar Square against the Vietnam War. In 1967, he joined the International Socialists while at Balliol College, Oxford. Under the influence of Peter Sedgwick, who translated the writings of Russian revolutionary and Soviet dissident Victor Serge, Hitchens forged an ideological interest in Trotskyist and anti-Stalinist socialism.
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By 1944 he was fully involved with the movement, and was elected the organizational secretary of its European Bureau, which had re-established contact between the Trotskyist parties. After the war, Pablo became the central leader of the Fourth International with the support of the SWP of the United States and James P. Cannon. Pablo played a key role in re-unifying, re- centralising and re-orienting the International. In 1946 Pablo visited Greece to successfully reunify the four separate Trotskyist parties.
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The Internationalist Communist Party (, PCI) was a Trotskyist political party in France. It was the name taken by the French Section of the Fourth International from its foundation until a name change in the late 1960s. The party was founded in March 1944 by the fusion of three Trotskyist groups: the Internationalist Workers Party, the Internationalist Communist Committee and the October group. After World War Two ended the PCI had expectations of rapid growth and for a time did expand.
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Its origins lie in the tiny Trotskyist Group founded in 1939 by David Korner (Barta). This developed factory work throughout the war and was instrumental in the Renault strike of 1947, along with the anarcho-syndicalists. The group was exhausted by this effort and collapsed in 1952. After attempts to revive the Trotskyist Group, Voix Ouvrière was founded in 1956 by Robert Barcia, known as Hardy and the group's pre-eminent leader, and by Pierre Bois, a leading activist in the Renault plant.
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With the outbreak of the Second World War, the Lanka Sama Samaja Party suffered its first ideological split, during which the party expelled all Stalinist members to take a solidly Trotskyist line. The LSSP resolution of December 1939 stated: The resolution was accepted, with 29 voting in favour and 5 against. Subsequent to its affirmation as a Trotskyist party, the LSSP went through a complete re-organisation, orchestrated by Leslie. The party characterised the Second World War as "an imperialist war".
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Aufheben Cliff and the neo-Trotskyist theory of the USSR as state capitalist in What Was The USSR? A relatively recent text by Stephen Resnick and Richard D. Wolff, titled Class Theory and History, explores what they term state capitalism in the former Soviet Union, continuing a theme that has been debated within Trotskyist theory for most of the past century. Other left-wing theories regarding Soviet-style societies include bureaucratic collectivism, deformed workers' states, degenerated workers' states and new class.
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The Unified Workers' Socialist Party (, PSTU) is a Trotskyist party in Brazil. It is the largest section of the International Workers' League (Fourth International) (LIT), an international body of groups in the Morenoist tradition.
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Arlette Yvonne Laguiller (born 18 March 1940) is a French politician. From 1973 to 2008, she was the spokeswoman and the best known leader and presidential nominee of Lutte Ouvrière (LO), Trotskyist political party.
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Rui Costa Pimenta (born in São Paulo, 25 June 1957) is a Brazilian politician aligned with the Trotskyist Workers' Cause Party (). He was their candidate in the 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014 presidential elections.
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The Workers Socialist League (WSL) was a Trotskyist group in Britain. The group was formed by Alan Thornett and other members of the Workers Revolutionary Party (WRP) after their expulsion from that group in 1974.
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A reviewer for The Times wrote that according to the book, the October 1968 Rodney riots in Kingston, Jamaica convinced Corbyn to become a Trotskyist with the goal of turning Britain into a communist state.
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Accão ComunistaInternationalist Communist League () was a Trotskyist political party in Portugal. LCI was founded in 1973. It became the Portuguese section of the reunified Fourth International. The first general secretary of LCI was Francisco Louçã.
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In the 1970s, University of Hull was one of the leading centers for economic history, fuelled in-part by the intellectual division between John Saville and the New Left and Kemp on the Trotskyist left.
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The International Socialist Organization (ISO) was a Trotskyist group active primarily on college campuses in the United States that was founded in 1976 and dissolved in 2019. The organization held Leninist positions on imperialism and the role of a vanguard party. However, it did not believe that necessary conditions for a revolutionary party in the United States were met; ISO believed that it was preparing the ground for such a party. The organization held a Trotskyist critique of nominally socialist states, which it considered class societies.
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The Workers' Party (, PT) was a French socialist party. It was formed by the Trotskyist Internationalist Communist Party (PCI), led by Pierre Boussel, better known under his pseudonym Pierre Lambert, together with a number of other socialists with whom they worked in the Force Ouvrière union confederation. Within the PT the former PCI was known as the Internationalist Communist Organisation. In reality, despite including communist, socialist and anarcho-syndicalist tendencies the PT was generally regarded as little more than a front for the Trotskyist PCI.
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2 (March 30, 1935), pg. 4. In 1936, an influx of Trotskyist members into the adult tilted the YPSL's ideological direction to the left, with National Secretary Ernest Erber particularly supportive of the new radical trend. Several hundred members of the Trotskyist Spartacus Youth League joined the YPSL as part of a mass entry into the Socialist Party known among the Trotskyists as the "French Turn." The Trotskyists were expelled en masse in 1937, but many young activists exited the YPSL with them during the acrimonious split.
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The Socialist Workers Organisation () was a Trotskyist organisation in Senegal. It was founded in France by Sally Ndongo and Babacar Doudou in 1973, with the name Grouping of Revolutionary Workers (Groupement des Ouvriers Révolutionnaires, GOR). They had previously been members of the first post-war Trotskyist organisation in Senegal, the Workers Avant-Garde, which had collapsed soon after expelling them. The GOR split in 1976, with a minority who had called for class struggle to be placed ahead of national liberation forming the Communist Workers League (LCT).
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By 1961, Dowson and his Trotskyist group had returned to an entrism policy towards social democracy and joined the New Democratic Party (NDP) at its founding. In that year, the Trotskyist movement relaunched itself as the "League for Socialist Action" (LSA), with branches in Toronto and Vancouver and Dowson as national secretary. Dowson was also editor of the LSA's newspaper, which was first called Vanguard and later Labour Challenge. The LSA grew during the student radicalization of the late 1960s, bringing youth into the movement.
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The Posadist group in Cuba, the Revolutionary Workers' Party (Trotskyist) or POR(T), gained importance due to the Cuban Revolution, in which it had a minor role. Posadist guerrillas fought alongside Fidel Castro and Che Guevara in 1959. When the Posadists split from the Fourth International in 1962, they took the Cuban section with them, leaving no other Trotskyist group represented in Cuba in the 1960s. In 1961 the POR(T) argued that the Cuban government should forcibly expel the American military base at Guantanamo Bay.
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Struggling against Stalin for power in the Soviet Union, Trotsky and his supporters organized into the Left Opposition, the platform of which became known as Trotskyism. Stalin eventually succeeded in gaining control of the Soviet regime and Trotskyist attempts to remove Stalin from power resulted in Trotsky's exile from the Soviet Union in 1929. While in exile, Trotsky continued his campaign against Stalin, founding in 1938 the Fourth International, a Trotskyist rival to the Comintern. In August 1940, Trotsky was assassinated in Mexico City upon Stalin's orders.
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Workers Vanguard is a Marxist bi-weekly newspaper published by the Spartacist League, a Trotskyist political organization in the United States. It is now affiliated also with the International Communist League, a confederation of similar groups.
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The Marxist Workers League is a Trotskyist organization in Finland. It was previously affiliated with the Committee For a Workers' International, it is now affiliated with the Coordinating Committee for the Refoundation of the Fourth International.
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The Struggle () is a Trotskyist, Leftist organization in Pakistan which was found in Netherlands by Lal Khan and other Pakistani activists. The group follows the ideology of Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky.
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The Alliance for Workers' Liberty (AWL), also known as Workers' Liberty, is a Trotskyist group in Britain and Australia, which has been identified with the theorist Sean Matgamna throughout its history. It publishes the newspaper Solidarity.
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The Workers' Left League is a Trotskyist political party in Tunisia led by Jalel Ben Brik Zoghlami. The party It participates in the leftist Popular Front. The party has ties to the French New Anticapitalist Party.
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Linkswende (Left Turn) is a Trotskyist group in Austria. It is part of the International Socialist Tendency, led by the British Socialist Workers Party. It is based in Vienna and publishes a newspaper also called Linkswende.
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Socialist Alternative () is a Trotskyist political party in Poland. It is affiliated to the International Socialist Alternative. Prior to 2011, the party was known as the Group for a Workers' Party (Grupa na rzecz Partii Robotniczej, GPR).
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The Left Socialist Party - Socialist Party of Struggle (, , LSP-PSL) is a Belgian Trotskyist party, affiliated to the International Socialist Alternative. The party publishes monthly newspapers in Dutch and French, entitled Linkse Socialist and Lutte Socialiste, respectively.
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He was then purged in 1928 as a trotskyist. He remained active for a few years as a dissident communist before giving up political activity in the thirties. He subsequently focussed on painting and retired in Brugge.
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A self-described Trotskyist, Etchebéhère moved to Madrid from Paris a few days before the outbreak of the War, enlisting immediately and then being deployed as part of the Hipólito Etchebéhère column to the front near Madrid.
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Orthodox Trotskyism is a branch of Trotskyism which aims to adhere more closely to the philosophy, methods and positions of Leon Trotsky and the early Fourth International, Vladimir Lenin and Karl Marx than other Trotskyists. The first Trotskyist international to describe itself as orthodox Trotskyist was the International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI). Shortly after its formation in 1953, it wrote an open letter in which it described the tradition of the Fourth International as orthodox Trotskyism and called for orthodox Trotskyists to rally to the ICFI."A Letter to Trotskyists Throughout the World".
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"The International Committee of the Fourth International founds its French section". Today, the surviving ICFI continue to characterise their politics as orthodox Trotskyism. Other groups have come to orthodox Trotskyism from different backgrounds and either like the International Trotskyist Committee believe that the ICFI later degenerated,"The Founding Documents of the International Trotskyist Committee". or like the Liaison Committee of Militants for a Revolutionary Communist International that the ICFI never represented healthy orthodox Trotskyism, but that they support the early Fourth International and its approach in a similar manner.
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Another split produced the Socialist Workers Group which published Socialist Fight and entered the Independent Labour Party, some of its former members eventually joining the Trotskyist Opposition which had been expelled from the RSL in 1942. This group, led by John Lawrence, advocated adoption of the PMP of the Socialist Workers Party and was in favour of fusing with the WIL. Collaboration between the Trotskyist Opposition and the WIL was so close that Lawrence was employed by the latter on technical tasks. In 1943, the Left Fraction who were opposed to that policy were expelled.
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There was also a substantial Trotskyist movement in China which included the founding father of the Chinese communist movement, Chen Duxiu, amongst its number. Wherever Stalinists gained power, they made it a priority to hunt down Trotskyists and treated them as the worst of enemies. The Fourth International suffered repression and disruption through the Second World War. Isolated from each other and faced with political developments quite unlike those anticipated by Trotsky, some Trotskyist organizations decided that the Soviet Union no longer could be called a degenerated workers' state and withdrew from the Fourth International.
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The Workers' Revolutionary Party (, PRT) was a Trotskyist political party in Mexico. It was originally founded in 1976 by the merger of two Trotskyist groups: the International Communist League, associated with the United Secretariat of the Fourth International and the Mexican Morenists. In 1977, the Marxist Workers' League, associated with the Organising Committee for the Reconstruction of the Fourth International, joined the party. In the following years, other small groups of Trotskyists also joined the PRT, but the group associated with Moreno left in 1979 to form the Socialist Workers' Party.
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In his defense of Sharp, C. J. Bearman took scholars to task for their speedy and uncritical acceptance of Harker's views: > To his credit, Harker has never concealed his political allegiances – he is > or was a Trotskyist adherent of the Socialist Workers' Party (Harker 1985, > 256–8) – but at the same time, it must be maintained that his is an extreme > political position. To accept without question the opinion of a Trotskyist > about Sharp and his work is rather like taking one's view of the Communist > Manifesto from a member of the British National Party.
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Macht und Ohnmacht der Guerilla / by Fritz René Allemann 1974 / Page 439 De la Puente rejected a union with Blanco because Blanco was a Trotskyist. Captured by the military, he was sentenced to 25 years imprisonment on the island of El Frontón. Nearly all his Trotskyist comrades where already in prison when he was captured. In 1963, unionists took the city of Quillabamba, who were carrying out an order, that was issued in Cuzco by the Federation, to go on strike, so that some imprisoned union leaders, among them, Hugo Blanco would be freed.
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Working as a docker in Gdańsk, he rose through the ranks of the trade union movement to become a key figure in the Communist Party of Poland. In 1925, he left the party in the face of what he saw as an increasingly Stalinist ideological outlook. He became a leading Polish Trotskyist, founding the International Revolutionary Current, an informal network of various anti-Stalinist, Trotskyist and other Marxist organisations. He was able to survive all of the Nazi's concentration camps, only to be imprisoned by Stalin again the early 1950s and again from 1962–1964.
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Plaid Cymru stood Wynne Samuel, its South Wales organiser. The party's main strengths were in North Wales, and he was not expected to be a strong contender, but the party hoped this would launch a new strategy of winning over industrial workers in the south of the nation."Elections Test Future of Welsh Party", The Observer, 11 February 1945 The Trotskyist Revolutionary Communist Party (RCP) stood Jock Haston, its General Secretary. This was the first time any Trotskyist organisation had stood a candidate in a British Parliamentary election.
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Born in Vilkaviskis, Lithuania, both Soblen and his younger brother Jack (born Abromas Sobolevicius, also known as Abraham or Adolph Senin), were important figures in Trotskyist circles in the 1920s and 1930s. They were very active in French and German Trotskyist movements, handling both Trotsky's secret correspondence to the Soviet Union and publication of his Opposition Bulletin.Deutscher, 20 Jack Soble later claimed he and Robert began working for the Soviet Secret Police against Trotsky in 1931.Deutscher (ibid.) doubts that the Sobolevicius brothers were Soviet agents this early.
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Malamuth's translation of Leon Trotsky's book on Joseph Stalin received heavy criticism from Trotskyist Alan Woods in the 2010s While Stalinist communist parties called Malamuth a Trotskyist, Trotskyists considered him an Anti- Communist–and still do to this day. Case in point – In 2016, Wellred Books published a new translation of Trotsky's biography Stalin by Alan Woods. For this new translation, Woods consulted not only Harvard University library archives (which holds Trotsky's papers for the book) but also French and Russian translations. It contains 100,000 words more than the 1940 translation.
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Joffe joined the Trotskyist Left Opposition within the Soviet Communist Party shortly after it was formed in 1923 and was first exiled from Moscow in 1929. She was re-arrested at the beginning of the Great Purge in 1936, and sent to Kolyma labor camps in Siberia, where her first husband, Trotskyist Pavel Kossakovsky, was killed in 1938. She was the last person to see Leon Trotsky's first wife, Aleksandra Sokolovskaya, alive in Kolyma in 1938. After Stalin's death in 1953, Joffe's sentence was annulled and she returned to Moscow in 1956.
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Although less than ten in number, they formed a Belgian Fraction of the Communist Left. It was at this point that the Italian left learned of a group called the Grupo de Trabajadores in Mexico with very similar positions to their own. It was led by Paul Kirchhoff and had left the Mexican Trotskyist movement. Kirchoff had formerly been a member of the Communist Party in Germany, then a Trotskyist in the United States, but his tiny group would seem to have disappeared at the outbreak of war in 1939.
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Trotskyist currents include orthodox Trotskyism, third camp, Posadism, Pabloism and neo- Trotskyism. In Trotskyist political theory, a degenerated workers' state is a dictatorship of the proletariat in which the working class's democratic control over the state has given way to control by a bureaucratic clique. The term was developed by Trotsky in The Revolution Betrayed and in other works. Deformed workers' states are states where the capitalist class has been overthrown, the economy is largely state-owned and planned, but there is no internal democracy or workers' control of industry.
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The Workers Revolutionary Party () was a left-wing political party in Portugal. It was founded on January 31, 1975. The party had a Trotskyist orientation, following the line known as "morenista" after Nahuel Moreno. PRT published Combate Socialista.
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Although the Comintern still mistrusted Larsen for his Trotskyist past, the success of the movement of the unemployed and the electoral success prevented them from blocking the election of Larsen as party chairman at the 1932 party congress.
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Members of "Socialist Alternative" at the meeting rally against repression Socialist Alternative (, Socialisticheskaya Alternative) is a Trotskyist political party in Russia. It is affiliated to the International Socialist Alternative. The organisation publishes a newspaper of the same name.
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The Case of the Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization, also known as the Military Case or the Tukhachevsky Case, was a 1937 secret trial of the high command of the Red Army, a part of the Great Purge.
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Martin Abern, 1931 Martin "Marty" Abern (né Martin Abramowitz) (1898–1949) was a Marxist politician who was an important leader of the Communist youth movement of the 1920s as well as a founder of the American Trotskyist movement.
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At this time he was the highest-ranking Estonian Red Army officer. During the Great Purge, Kork was arrested and shot as part of the Case of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization. He was acquitted twenty years later.
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He was again arrested in 1965, under the Defense of India Rules.The Militant. Arrest Indian Trotskyists In December 1965 the Fourth International Congress elected Pal, along with other jailed Trotskyist leaders as member of its 'honorary presidium'.The Militant.
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Jean Louis Maxime van Heijenoort (; July 23, 1912 – March 29, 1986) was a historian of mathematical logic. He was also a personal secretary to Leon Trotsky from 1932 to 1939, and from then until 1947, an American Trotskyist activist.
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Hector Abhayavardhana (5 January 1919 - 22 September 2012) was a Sri Lankan Trotskyist theoretician, a long-standing member of the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP) and a founder-member of the Bolshevik-Leninist Party of India, Ceylon and Burma.
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The party was formed by former members of the Labour Party, collectively known as the Militant Tendency, who were expelled in 1989 having been accused of Trotskyist entryism. They formed Militant Labour, which became the Socialist Party in 1996.
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487–489 Signals about his heterodox convictions were still sent by General Dumitru Petrescu, who had been sidelined for "fractionism". In 1964, he sent an exculpatory letter to Gheorghiu-Dej, reminding him that Voitec had once been a Trotskyist.
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As a reaction to the more centrist course of the SP.a, two former SP.a-representatives, Jef Sleeckx and Lode Van Outrive, formed, together with communist and Trotskyist activists, a new socialist movement in 2006, the Committee for Another Policy.
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Irving Kristol, Irving Howe, Seymour Martin Lipset, Leslie Fiedler and Nathan Glazer were members of the Trotskyist Young People's Socialist League.Alexander Bloom: Prodigal Sons. The New York Intellectuals and Their World, Oxford University Press: NY / Oxford 1986, p. 109.
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By 1932, Krehm had become a Trotskyist, recruited to the movement by Albert Glotzer, and joined the nascent Canadian Trotskyist movement in Toronto, which was a branch of the US-based Communist League of America. Krehm led a faction in opposition to Canadian Trotskyist leader Maurice Spector and dropped in and out of the organization, eventually moving to Montreal and becoming leader of the party branch there. In 1934, Krehm and his followers, along with B. J. Field and his followers in the United States, left the CLA to form the Organizing Committee for a Revolutionary Workers Party (later known as the League for a Revolutionary Workers Party, and colloquially as the "Fieldites"), and affiliated with the international organization known as the International Bureau of Revolutionary Socialist Parties or London Bureau. Krehm became leader of the Canadian group and editor of its newspaper Workers' Voice.
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Vanzler was a prolific writer for the Trotskyist press, contributing several hundred articles to its weekly newspaper, The Militant, and to its monthly theoretical magazine, The New International (later Fourth International).Wolfgang Lubitz and Petra Lubitz, "John G. Wright," pg. 3.
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The Socialist Party ( in Wales) is a Trotskyist political party in England and Wales. Founded in 1997, it had formerly been Militant, an entryist group in the Labour Party from 1964 to 1991, which became Militant Labour from 1991 until 1997.
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The Anticapitalist Workers' Left (, IAT) is a Trotskyist political party in Chile. The party emerged after the Revolutionary Workers Party was dissolved by the Electoral Service after failing to obtain the necessary votes to survive in the 2017 general election.
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The Socialist Unity League (, LUS) is a small Trotskyist group in Mexico. It was formed in 1996 and is close to the US group Socialist Action and the German Revolutionary Socialist League. It is a member of the Socialist Alliance.
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The International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI) is the name of two Trotskyist internationals; one with sections named Socialist Equality Party which publishes the World Socialist Web Site, and another linked to the Workers Revolutionary Party in the UK.
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Daniel Gluckstein in Lyon, France (2002) Daniel Gluckstein (born 3 March 1953 in Paris) is a French Trotskyist politician best known for running in the French presidential election of 2002 as the candidate of the Workers' Party (Parti des Travailleurs, PT).
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The Revolutionary Left () is a Trotskyist political party in France, primarily based around northern French towns such as Rouen.Taaffe, P. (2004) A Socialist World is Possible, London: CWI Publications, pg.87 It is affiliated to the Committee for a Workers' International.
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Although they are less numerous than leftist foreign fighters joining the YPG, there have also been left-wing foreign fighters alongside Syrian rebels, including the Trotskyist Leon Sedov Brigade founded by an Argentine leftist who fought with the Free Libyan Army.
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The trial was dubbed the Case of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization. Upon hearing the accusations, Tukhachevsky was heard to say, "I feel I'm dreaming."Stalin: Court of the Red Tsar, page 225. Most of the judges were also terrified.
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Ya'akov, who learned medicine and specialized in tropical diseases, lived in Jerusalem as of 2007. His nephew, Yigael Gluckstein who wrote under the name Tony Cliff, was a Palestinian Jewish Trotskyist and the founder of the British Socialist Workers Party.
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Charles Patrick Wall (6 May 1933 - 6 August 1990) was an English Trotskyist political activist who was Labour Party Member of Parliament (MP) for Bradford North from 1987 to 1990. Wall was a long-standing member of the Militant group.
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In 1986 the split merged with Workers Power and the International Socialists to form Solidarity. Those remaining in Socialist Action went on to act as a new Trotskyist party. Socialist Action was soon involved in planning a Central America solidarity conference.
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This may be due to their interaction with various Trotskyist groups including a series of exchanges with the Spartacist League. The faction developed a critique of the Stalinist states as well as the bureaucratism and political liquidationism of the old CPGB.
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Derek Hatton (born 17 January 1948) is a British former politician, later a broadcaster, property developer and businessman. He gained national prominence as deputy leader of Liverpool City Council in the 1980s and was a member of the Trotskyist Militant group.
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Gershman served as the United States Ambassador to the United Nations Human Rights Council during the first term of the Reagan Administration. "A 1987 article in The New Republic described these developments as a Trotskyist takeover of the Reagan administration" wrote .
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Macdonald failed and was expelled from the party in 1931 being accused of being a Lovestoneite (that is a supporter of Nikolai Bukharin's Right Opposition). MacDonald, however, maintained that he was attempting to play an independent role. Accusations of "Lovestoneism" are further undermined by the fact that MacDonald went on to reconcile with Spector and joined the Toronto branch of the International Left Opposition (Trotskyist) Canada in 1932. MacDonald and Spector sided with Martin Abern and Max Shachtman in a dispute within the Communist League of America that threatened to split the Trotskyist movement in North America in the early 1930s.
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The PRT left the Fourth International in 1973. Both the PRT and the ERP were suppressed by the Argentine military regime during the Dirty War. ERP commander Roberto Santucho was killed in July 1976. Owing to the ruthless repression PRT showed no signs of activity after 1977. During the 1980s in Argentina, the Trotskyist party founded in 1982 by Nahuel Moreno, MAS, (Movimiento al Socialismo, Movement Toward Socialism), claimed to be the "largest Trotskyist party" in the world before it broke into a number of different fragments in the late 1980s, including the present-day MST, PTS, Nuevo MAS, IS, PRS, FOS, etc.
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Betty Hamilton (1904–1994) was a British Trotskyist. Born Berthe Dutoit in the Valais area of French Switzerland, the daughter of a socialist engineer, Hamilton moved to Paris as a young woman. There, she worked as a fashion journalist and, in the left-wing ferment of the early 1930s, became associated with the early Trotskyist movement and with others such as the Greek archaeo- Marxists. She moved to London in the 1930s, working as a dance teacher and moving in radical art and music circles, then as an industrial worker during the war when she was also the secretary of Newark Labour Party.
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In 1956 Nikita Khrushchev secretly denounced Stalinism in his speech "On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences". This speech went unreported in official Party organs, so the Stalinist Japanese Communist Party did not offer any reaction. But copies of it circulated around the world and had a great impact on youth and student Communist organizations. In 1957 the Japan Trotskyist League was founded by young dissidents from the Communist Party such as Kuroda Kan'ichi and Ryu Ota, which quickly split into a Fourth International and an "post-Trotskyist, anti- Stalinist" party called the Revolutionary Communist Party.
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The KPO represented the so-called Right Opposition in the KPD in distinction to the Trotskyist or Trotskyist-sympathising Left Opposition and the pro-Comintern centre faction. It was led by Heinrich Brandler and August Thalheimer who had led the KPD between 1921 and 1923. They were expelled from the KPD after organising a meeting to combat what they saw as corruption in their party after its central leader Ernst Thälmann defended a protégé, John Wittorf, from charges of theft despite his guilt. Thälmann was deposed by the Central Committee only to be reinstated by Joseph Stalin through the agency of the Comintern.
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He was expelled from the party in November 1929, together with Chen Duxiu, for supporting Trotskyism. In 1949, on the eve of Communist victory in China, Peng fled Shanghai with his family to Hong Kong and then to Saigon, Vietnam in January 1950. After fellow Trotskyist Liu Jialiang () was arrested and killed by Vietnamese agents, in June 1951 Peng fled again to Paris, then the headquarters of the Trotskyist Fourth International. In Paris, his daughter Cheng Yingxiang () married the French sinologist Claude Cadart. They later organized, translated and published Peng's memoirs entitled L’envol du communisme en Chine.
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Etienne now became the leader of the beheaded Trotskyist organization in Paris and continued to edit the Bulletin of the Opposition, along with Lilia Estrin Dallin (codename NEIGHBOR). He used his skills to play upon the vanities of the remaining Trotskyists and create internal divisions within the faction, especially isolating Victor Serge. In 1939, the defector Alexander Orlov sent Trotsky an unsigned letter warning him that an NKVD agent named "Mark", fitting the description of Zborowski, had infiltrated the Paris organization. Much to her later regret, Dallin convinced Trotsky that the letter was NKVD disinformation meant to create fear within the Trotskyist faction.
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Socialist Appeal was also the name of two British Trotskyist newspapers associated with Ted Grant in the 1940s: one was the newspaper of the Workers International League and immediately following that of the Revolutionary Communist Party. It was also the name of the paper of the Trotskyist Workers Party of the United States during its period of entryism in the Socialist Party of America in 1936–1938. Socialist Appeal is the name of the English- language newspaper of the Workers' International League, the United States section of the International Marxist Tendency and a newspaper in New Zealand which is also affiliated.
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Dowson was discharged from the army in December 1944. Dowson was elected secretary of the Socialist Workers League in October 1944, and reorganized the movement, founding the Revolutionary Workers Party (RWP) with Dowson as national secretary and editor of its newspaper Labour Challenge. Dowson ran for mayor of Toronto nine times in the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s. He campaigned openly as a Trotskyist under the slogan “Vote Dowson, Vote for a Labor Mayor, Vote for the Trotskyist Candidate” and garnered 11% of the vote in the 1948 mayoral election and over 20% of the vote in 1949.
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In the climate of heated, polarized political debate that characterized the early Cold War era in Brazil, Francis styled himself a Trotskyist. Although he was never a member of the various Trotskyist organizations existing at the time, he was a friend of various former members of the 1930s Brazilian section of the International Left Opposition, such as Mário Pedrosa and Edmundo Moniz.Kucinski, "Paulo Francis", pp. 87–88. It was as a maverick, non- Stalinist, Left-leaning intellectual that he was invited in 1963 to write a political column in the Leftist Vargoist paper Última Hora, where he became known for his radical views.
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The Revolutionary Marxist Association – Communist Project (Associazione Marxista Rivoluzionaria – Progetto Comunista), more frequently referred simply as Communist Project, was a Trotskyist faction within the Communist Refoundation Party (PRC), a political party in Italy. Its leaders were Marco Ferrando and Franco Grisolia. The faction was largely, though not entirely, a continuation of AMR Proposta, which was the largest section in the International Trotskyist Opposition, and was the second largest section in the Co-ordinating Committee for the Refoundation of the Fourth International. In January 2006 Ferrando was chosen as one of the candidates of the PRC for the 2006 general election.
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Cannon, The History of American Trotskyism, pg. 72. An assault on a Trotskyist meeting held on May Day 1929 was repelled by "Workers Defense Guard" members wielding clubs at the top of a stairway; a retaliatory attack on a business meeting of the Hungarian CLA branch shortly thereafter precipitated into a riot during which one of the interlopers was nearly stabbed to death by a Trotskyist woodworker. The negative publicity and escalation of force surrounding this event ended the first spate of organized violence by the Communist Party against the fledgling CLA.Cannon, The History of American Trotskyism, pg. 73.
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At the same time, other radical organizations sought to alter their tactics so as to rapidly build an aggressive left-wing organization to stand in opposition to nascent fascism. From early 1934, the French Trotskyist organization had entered the French Socialist Party in an effort to build its strength and win support for its ideas. Pressure to follow this policy of the "French Turn" was building among the American Trotskyist group. For a brief historical moment in 1935 and 1936, the vision of the Socialist Party as an "all-inclusive party" which aggregated radical oppositionists and possibly even worked with the Communist Party in common cause seemed achievable. In January 1936, just as the National Executive Committee of the Socialist Party was expelling the Old Guard, a factional battle was being won in the Trotskyist Workers Party of the United States to join the Socialist Party when a national branch referendum voted unanimously for entry.
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It was published by a press owned by the Trotskyist Workers Revolutionary Party (WRP), who had financed it with funding from Libya and other countries in the middle east. Evidence is lacking to indicate Livingstone knew about the funding at the time.
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In September 2013, it began publishing a monthly newspaper called Socialist Alternative along with various local newsletters and media outlets, including a radio show in the Boston area. It is a member of International Socialist Alternative, an international organization of Trotskyist parties.
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Initially formed in 2001 by several socialist organisations in an attempt for left unity. However, by 2010, most constituent parties had left and the last major organisation in the Alliance, the ex-Trotskyist Democratic Socialist Perspective voted to merge into the Socialist Alliance.
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Frank Rosengarten, Urbane Revolutionary: C. L. R. James and the Struggle for a New Society, p. 65. Without getting permission from the U.S. Trotskyist organization, she went to Mexico in 1937 to serve as Leon Trotsky's Russian language secretary during his exile there.
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Agis Stinas (1900-1987), his real name was Spyros Priftis, was an executive of the Communist Party of Greece and then executive of various small Trotskyist parties. During axis occupation of Greece he promoted Revolutionary defeatism. He was political mentor of Cornelius Castoriadis.
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Given the revolutionary times, the band split rather appropriately into a socialist and a Trotskyist section, the latter of which continued under the name Komintern. Sarcelles – Lochères was released on LP in 1970, and re-released on CD by Futura Records in 1996.
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In Canada, Scheier was a member of the Writers' Union of Canada, PEN Canada and the League of Canadian Poets. Other affiliations included the Trotskyist League of Canada, the Canadian Abortion Rights Action League, Women and Words, and the Cross- Cultural Communication Centre.
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In the Soviet Union, the two-stage theory was opposed by the Trotskyist theory of permanent revolution. While the discussion on stagism focuses on the Russian Revolution, Maoist theories such as New Democracy tend to apply a two-stage theory to struggles elsewhere.
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The Socialist Equality Party is a Trotskyist political party in Britain. It is one of several Socialist Equality Parties affiliated with the International Committee of the Fourth International. The ICFI publishes daily news articles, perspectives and commentaries on the World Socialist Web Site.
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Naturally I have no illusions left—nor had any before they > took Arcadi. I am not a Trotskyist as I have become convinced that all > dictatorships are much the same and that power corrupts everyone. Without > democracy there can be no real socialism.
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Solidarity is a Trotskyist organisation in Australia. The group is a member of the International Socialist Tendency"Forging Unity For the Struggle Ahead ", Socialist Worker, 13 February 2008. Retrieved: 14 July 2009. and has branches in Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane and Perth.
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Alexander, Robert J. International Trotskyism, 1929-1985: A Documented Analysis of the Movement. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 1991., p. 32. In the fierce rivalry for power control within the Communist Party, he was branded a Trotskyist and purged from the party.
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Kurt Landau (January 29, 1903 - on or shortly after September 23, 1937. Pseudonyms Agricola, Wolf Bertram, Spectator) was an Austrian communist, member of the International Left Opposition, author, and Trotskyist. He was murdered by agents of Stalin's NKVD during the Spanish Civil War.
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Kelvin Alexander, "Redgraves claim Healy letter forged", The Guardian, 5 November 1985 Banda was the leader of the majority on the party council, and was accused by Healy and Vanessa Redgrave of "unprincipled and unsupportable" deviation from the Trotskyist road to Socialism.
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With the declaration of the Trotskyist Fourth International, the RWL instead founded the Provisional International Contact Commission for the New Communist (Fourth) International. Besides themselves, this included the Leninist League (UK) and the Revolutionary Communist Organisation (Austria), both groups close to Oehler.
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"1986: Victoria nurses' strike" lib.com. 10 September 2006. Accessed: 3 July 2009. She is also a member of the Trotskyist organisation Socialist Alternative, as well as its electoral alliance party Victorian Socialists and a founding and life member of the Australian Lesbian and Gay Archives.
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Born into a working-class family in Manchester, Duncan Hallas joined the Young Communist League at the age of 14 in 1939 but soon became disillusioned owing to the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact.Harris, N. 'Duncan Hallas: Death of a Trotskyist' Ed. McIlroy, J. Revolutionary History Vol.
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From 1937 Grylewicz dropped out of the Trotskyist movement without renouncing his views. He moved to France the same year where he was detained at the outbreak of World War II before receiving a visa from Cuba in 1941. In 1955 he returned to Berlin.
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His work was written from a radical existential perspective and stressed the virtues of bottom up popular democracy against authoritarian Stalinist and Trotskyist strands of leftism. He was a strong advocate of workers' control and a critic of the reduction of politics to party politics.
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Whereas Trotsky saw the Trotskyist Party as providing leadership to the Black community, in the general manner that the Bolsheviks provided guidance to ethnic minorities in Russia, James suggested that the self-organised struggle of African Americans would precipitate a much broader radical social movement.
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Penelon ran for Vice President of Argentina in the 1951 election. He obtained merely 3,183 votes.Esto es, Eds. 87–105. 1955 Ahead of the election the Trotskyist Revolutionary Workers Party had begun 'entryism' into Concentración Obrera, but pulled out after the meager election result.
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Wimalasiri De Mel (1926 - 2010) was a Sri Lankan Trotskyist revolutionary politician. He was a member of parliament from Moratuwa. De Mel was engaged in social service from a young age. He became the secretary of a Society formed by Senator Sam P. C. Fernando.
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During the 1920s in Russia, "October" referred to the spirit of the Revolution, which was a new world of freedom and fellowship reaching politically from the center to the left. The nearest political idea to this concept was the Trotskyist doctrine of "permanent revolution".
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Felix Morrow (June 3, 1906 – May 28, 1988) was an American communist political activist and newspaper editor. In later years, Morrow left the world of politics to become a book publisher. He is best remembered as a factional leader of the American Trotskyist movement.
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Socialist Party Scotland is the Scottish affiliate of the worldwide Marxist and Trotskyist organisation the Committee for a Workers' International. Socialist Party Scotland is the sister party of the Socialist Party in England and Wales.Where do the political parties stand on the Scottish independence?, TheJournal.
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In the late 1920s, Alpári had a political clash with Béla Kun, the main leader of the Hungarian Communists. He was accused of being a "Trotskyist", but evaded the Stalinist repression as the political tension was growing in Germany with the rise of fascism.
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Frederick Victor Zeller, (26 March 1912 -7 February 2003), was a French painter and politician. He was a militant Trotskyist during the years 1930-40, and was elected to lead the Grand Orient de France (GODF) in 1971, a position he held until 1973.
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Peter Hadden (19 February 1950 – 5 May 2010) was a leading member of the Socialist Party in Northern Ireland. Born in Strabane, Hadden studied at the University of Sussex, where he joined the Trotskyist Militant tendency."Co- founder of Socialist Party", Irish Times, 22 May 2010 He moved back to Belfast in 1971,Kevin McLoughlin, "Obituary - Peter Hadden 1950 - 2010 ", Socialist Party NI where he became a full-time official for NIPSA, while organising a Trotskyist group within the Northern Ireland Labour Party (NILP). Hadden and his supporters were expelled from the NILP in 1977 British and Irish Communist Organisation, "Labour in Ulster", p.
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Ernest Mandel, Trotskyists and the Resistance in World War Two Despite this, many parts of the world, including Latin America, Europe and Asia, continue to have large Trotskyist groupings who are attracted to its anti-Stalinist positions and its defense of proletarian internationalism. Several of these groups carry the label "Fourth Internationalist" either in their organization's name, important political position documents, or both. In line with Trotskyist theory and thought, the Fourth International tended to view the Comintern as a degenerated workers' state. However, although it regarded its own ideas as more advanced and thus superior to those of the Third International, it did not actively push for the Comintern's destruction.
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Shortly after his expulsion, Lawrence was contacted by Sam Gordon of the American Socialist Workers Party, and began to work for the SWP and became the Fourth International's representative in Britain. He helped organise a fusion of the assorted Trotskyist groups into the Revolutionary Communist Party. After a spell as South Wales organiser, during which he was active in supporting Jock Haston's candidacy in the 1945 Neath by-election, he became the editor of Socialist Outlook while working as a coal miner in Cannock Chase. He allied himself with Gerry Healy to form The Club, remaining a key member through turmoil in the British Trotskyist movement.
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Glaberman was associated with the Johnson-Forest Tendency, a radical left group which understood the Soviet Union as a state capitalist society that split from the Trotskyist Socialist Workers Party, which understood the Soviet Union as a degenerated workers' state. In 1950, the Johnson-Forest Tendency left the Trotskyist movement and became known as the Correspondence Publishing Committee. When this group suffered a major split in 1955 with a large number supporting Raya Dunayevskaya (or "Forest" of "Johnson-Forest") and forming a new group called the News and Letters Committees, Glaberman remained loyal to C.L.R. James ("Johnson") and the Correspondence group. James advised Correspondence from exile in Britain.
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Barnes argued that anticapitalist revolutions typically began with a "workers' and farmers' government" which initially concentrated on bourgeois-democratic measures and only later moved on to the abolition of capitalism. Barnes also argued that the Trotskyist label unnecessarily distinguished leftists in that tradition from leftists of other origins, such as the Cuban Communist Party, or the Sandinista National Liberation Front. He argued that the SWP had more in common with these organizations than with many groups calling themselves Trotskyist. The SWP has continued to publish numerous books by Trotsky and advocate a number of ideas commonly associated with Trotskyism, including Trotsky's analysis of Stalinism.
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In 1964, the LSSP joined the bourgeois government of Sri Lanka, which the ICFI and USFI condemned as betraying Trotskyist principles. The ICFI and USFI no longer considered the LSSP a Trotskyist party at that point, and encouraged Sri Lankan Trotskyists to leave that party. Some time later a new organization, the Revolutionary Communist League was formed out of the left wing which split from the LSSP to form the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (Revolutionary). In 1966, a "third world conference" of the ICFI occurred in England. Delegates were present from the SLL, Lambert's PCI and Loukas Karliaftis’s Greek organisation, which had joined the IC in 1964.
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A Trotskyist activist in his youth, he was a member of the German section of the Fourth International. In 1933, he left for Mandatory Palestine. He became a member of the Hugim Marxistiim (Marxist Circles), the youth group of a faction of Poale Zion, the labour Zionist movement but left it in 1937 with Trotskyist theoretician and activist Tony Cliff to found the Brit Kommunistim Mahapchanin (the Revolutionary Communist League), a section of the Fourth International in Palestine. In the late 1940s he left Palestine for Britain where he became a member of the Revolutionary Communist Party writing a number of articles in its paper Socialist Appeal.
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Mandel died at his home in Brussels in 1995 after suffering from a heart attack. Mandel is probably best remembered for being a popularizer of basic Marxist ideas, for his books on late capitalism and Long-Wave theory, and for his moral-intellectual leadership in the Trotskyist movement. Despite critics claiming that he was 'too soft on Stalinism', Mandel remained a classic rather than a conservative Trotskyist: writing about the Soviet bureaucracy but also why capitalism had not suffered a death agony. His late capitalism was late in the sense of delayed rather than near-death. He still believed though that this system hadn’t overcome its tendency to crises.
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After expulsion of Trotsky, his Jewish heritage was further exploited in the form of association "A Jew is a Trotskyist, a Trotskyist is a Jew". Since 1936 in the show trial of "Trotskyite-Zinovievite Terrorist Center", the suspects, prominent Bolshevik leaders, were accused of hiding their Jewish origins under Slavic names. Antisemitism in the Soviet Union commenced openly as a campaign against the "rootless cosmopolitan" (a euphemism for "Jew"). In his speech titled "On Several Reasons for the Lag in Soviet Dramaturgy" at a plenary session of the board of the Soviet Writers' Union in December 1948, Alexander Fadeyev equated the cosmopolitans with the Jews.
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1 The following month, the Communist Party of Estonia alleged that Romanian "Trotskyist–Fascists", including Ghelerter, Voitec, Cristescu, and Richard Wurmbrand, worked hand in hand with Iron Guard fascists, as well as with Romania's secret police, the Siguranța. An anonymous report, published by the Comintern in October, detailed this claim by alleging that Ghelerter had an understanding with the Siguranța, which allowed him to publish texts critical of Soviet communism. The same source also noted that the PSDR was also infiltrated by, and unusually tolerant of, Trotskyist militants. Popovici had by then been expelled from the PSU, after favoring a closer alliance with the mainline communists.
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In neo-Trotskyist theory, such an alliance was rejected as being based either on a false strategy of popular fronts, or on political opportunism, said to be incompatible either with a permanent revolution or with the principle of independent working class political action. The state in Soviet-type societies was redefined by the neo-Trotskyists as being also state-monopoly capitalist. There was no difference between the West and the East in this regard. Consequently, some kind of anti-bureaucratic revolution was said to be required, but different Trotskyist groups quarreled about what form such a revolution would need to take, or could take.
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Trotskyism supports the theory of permanent revolution and world revolution instead of the two stage theory and socialism in one country. It supported proletarian internationalism and another communist revolution in the Soviet Union which Trotsky claimed had become a degenerated worker's state under the leadership of Stalin in which class relations had re-emerged in a new form, rather than the dictatorship of the proletariat. In 1938, Trotsky founded the Fourth International, a Trotskyist rival to the Stalinist Communist International. Trotskyist ideas have found echo among political movements in some countries in Asia and Latin America, especially in Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia and Sri Lanka.
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That same year, Gregory Rabinowitz recruited him to do "opposition work," against rival political organizations. Miller's first year in the business was listening to a wiretap on Trotskyist leader, James Cannon's home. Later, he was to infiltrate the Socialist Workers Party (SWP) and become an activist, while sending reports to the CPUSA and Soviet intelligence. The Trotskyists assigned him to the Sailors Union of the Pacific in 1941, and he became editor of the union's journal, in addition to writing on military affairs for the Fourth International, a Trotskyist journal, during World War II. Miller's position gave the Communists a spy in the upper ranks of a rival union.
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In neo- Trotskyist theory, however, such an alliance was rejected as being based either on a false strategy of popular fronts, or on political opportunism, said to be incompatible either with a permanent revolution or with the principle of independent working class political action. The state in Soviet- type societies was redefined by the neo-Trotskyists as being also state- monopoly capitalist. There was no difference, in their view, between the West and the East in this regard. Consequently, some kind of anti-bureaucratic revolution was said to be required, but different Trotskyist groups quarreled about what form such a revolution would need to take, or could take.
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He was educated at Queen Elizabeth Grammar School, Wakefield, and Keble College, Oxford (BA Hons 1974; MA). While at university, he was active in student politics as a member of the International Socialists and then the Trotskyist International Marxist Group, the British section of the Fourth International.
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The Revolutionary Workers' Party–Struggle (Spanish: Partido Obrero Revolucionario-Combate, POR-C) was a small Trotskyist political party in Bolivia. The Revolutionary Workers' Party–Struggle was established in 1957 by a dissident group which broke away from the Revolutionary Workers' Party.Political parties of the world. Longman, 1988.
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At the 1989 Labour Party conference in Tralee a number of socialist and Trotskyist activists, organised around the Militant Tendency and their internal newspaper, were expelled. These expulsions continued during the early 1990s and those expelled, including Joe Higgins, went on to found the Socialist Party.
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Meanwhile, 1979 saw the election of a Conservative Government and the beginnings of a major offensive against the trade unions. This also had a reaction in the Labour Party which swung to the left and began to attract the attention of Trotskyist groups including the WSL.
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In September he attended a conference sponsored by the League for Independent Political Action that was attempting to build a movement for a Farmer–Labor Party, but nothing came of it.Class Struggle Vol. 3 #9 Gitlow had more luck with the Trotskyist Communist League of America.
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Peter Chippindale, Chris Horrie. Disaster: The Rise And Fall of News On Sunday - Anatomy of a Business Failure. 1988 In time, they came to describe their politics as "libertarian Marxist". In 1978 they joined the Socialist Unity electoral coalition, led by the Trotskyist International Marxist Group.
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435 Around this period, Ibnu Parna served as organizing secretary of the trade union centre SOBRI.United States. Directory of World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU). 1955. p. 29 In 1956 Ibnu Parna took part in the world congress of the Trotskyist International Secretariat of the Fourth International.
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Rebecca Getzoff was an American who worked for the KGB during World War II. Getzoff was engaged in anti-Trotskyist efforts in the United States on behalf of the Soviet Union. Getzoff's cover name in Soviet intelligence and as deciphered in the Venona cables was "Adam".
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The directive exiled from Azerbaijan 2,500 Iranian nationals and 700 families of counterrevolutionary elements (former mullahs, kulaks, persons previously sentenced). ;January 23 - January 30: Trial of the "Anti-Soviet Trotskyist Center". Among those sentenced to death were Georgy Pyatakov, Karl Radek, Grigory Sokolnikov, and Nikolai Muralov.
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While there he became a Trotskyist. Following the German-Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939 he found himself in the territory of the Soviet Union. He was arrested and sent to Vorkutlag. He attributed his survival due to being assigned office work thanks to his education.
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Like in Australia, splits occurred within the IST in other countries, including New Zealand, Greece, Germany, Canada, South Africa and France. In addition to splits, the International Socialist Organization in the United States were expelled from the IST.International Trotskyist Tendencies Marxists Internet Archive. Retrieved 27 November 2008.
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Dowson's brothers Hugh, Murray and his sisters Joyce (Dowson) Rosenthal and Lois (Dowson) Bédard were also active in the Trotskyist movement. Dowson's niece, Anne Lagacé Dowson, is a broadcaster and politician who was the New Democratic Party's candidate in Westmount—Ville-Marie in the 2008 federal election.
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1954 In November 1971 the new Central Committee officially declared Majumdar expelled from the party for having adopted a 'Trotskyist adventurist line' and elected Singh as the new general secretary.Banerjee, Utpal K. Operational Analysis and Indian Defence. New Delhi: Concept, 1980. p. 66The Marxist Review, Vol. 8.
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Socialist Struggle Movement (, ) is a Trotskyist organization in Israel and Palestine. It is affiliated to the International Socialist Alternative. It actively campaigns against capitalism and neoliberalism, against workers' exploitation, against the Israeli occupation and the national oppression and expropriation of the Palestinians and against imperialist wars.
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After 1976, Francis was employed again by a major Brazilian paper, as he began working exclusively for daily Folha de S.Paulo, then under the editorship of the Trotskyist cadre and famed editor Cláudio Abramo.Claudio Abramo, A Regra do Jogo. São Paulo: Cia. das Letras, 1988, , p. 89.
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After François Mitterrand's election, FO presented like the only independent trade-union confederation. In 1989, Marc Blondel was elected leader of FO, against the will of Bergeron. He wanted to preserve the independence of the confederation. Supported by the Trotskyist minority, he adopted a more combative attitude.
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Proletarian Society published the journals, Proletarian (prior to the split) and The Trotskyist afterwards and had a small bookshop/print and organisational centre in Central District, Hong Kong Island - Proletarian Books. The bookshop and organisational centre being subject to a burglary in 2004 and destruction of property.
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Revolutionary Marxist Workers Party (), was a Trotskyist political party in Peru that was founded in 1970 by a dissident fraction of Vanguardia Revolucionaria. It was led by Ricardo Napurí and Jorge Villarán. Napurí was the general secretary of POMR. Internationally, POMR was an affiliate of CORQI.
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Ashton appeared as a guest at the 2013 Adelaide Writers Week. Ashton was a member of the Trotskyist organisation, Socialist Alternative,Terrorism is not the problem, Socialist Alternative, Edition 55, January, 2002. Accessed: 27 December 2009. and is now an associate editor of the literary journal, Overland.
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In 1968, Benjamin Stora joined Pierre Lambert's Trotskyist activist group Alliance des Jeunes pour le Socialisme – Organisation Communiste Internationaliste (AJS- OCI, lit. "youth's alliance for socialism – internationalist communist organisation"). In 1986, Stora made a biography about Algerian nationalist and independentist leader Messali Hadj (Algerian National Movement).
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The Workers Socialist Party of Bolivia (Spanish: Partido Socialista Obrero de Bolivia, PSOB) was a Trotskyist political party in Bolivia. The Workers Socialist Party of Bolivia was established on 1 January 1940,Alipio Valencia Vega. Historia política de Bolivia, Vol. 6. Librería Editorial Juventud, 1984. P.1837.
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Primakov was arrested on 14 August 1936. He was subjected to torture and pleaded guilty of being part of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization and testified against many Soviet military commanders. He was found guilty and sentenced to death on 11 June 1937. Primakov was rehabilitated posthumously in 1957.
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The Workers' Vanguard Party (Spanish: Vanguardia Obrera, VO) was a small Trotskyist political party in Bolivia. The Workers' Vanguard Party was established by a dissident fraction which broke away from the Communist Vanguard of the Revolutionary Workers' Party in 1978. Charles Hobday. Communist and Marxist parties of the world.
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The Workers' Socialist Movement (, abbreviated MST), known for many years as the Workers' Socialist Party (Partido Socialista de los Trabajadores, abbreviated PST), is a Trotskyist political party in Bolivia. PST/MST was affiliated to LIT-CI for a long period.Correo Internacional. Lora-Solón: Polémica clave en BoliviaLOR-CI.
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The term "actually existing socialism" was often used by orthodox communists in the West to attack either their external (typically Trotskyist) opponents or their internal (typically Eurocommunist) critics. The achievement of "actual" socialism being used as a counter to these groups' critiques of repression inside the "socialist countries".
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In Turkey, there are some Trotskyist organizations, including the International Socialist Tendency's section (Revolutionary Workers' Socialist Party), Coordinating Committee for the Refoundation of the Fourth International's section (Revolutionary Workers' Party), Permanent Revolution Movement (SDH), Socialism Magazine (sympathizers of the International Committee of the Fourth International), and several small groups.
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CMI/IMT groups continue the policy of entering mainstream social democratic, communist or radical parties. Currently, International Marxist Tendency (IMT) is headed by Alan Woods. The list of Trotskyist internationals shows that there are a large number of other multinational tendencies that stand in the tradition of Leon Trotsky.
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In time, they came to describe their politics as libertarian Marxist. In 1978, they joined the Socialist Unity electoral coalition, led by the Trotskyist International Marxist Group. In 1980, the anarchists of the Libertarian Communist Group joined Big Flame. The Revolutionary Marxist Current also joined at about this time.
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The Organization of Communist Internationalists of Greece–Spartacus ( (ΟΚΔΕ- Σπάρτακος)) is a Trotskyist group in Greece. It is the Greek section of the Fourth International, and takes the name Spartacus (Σπάρτακος) from its magazine, which has been in various the name of the Fourth Internationalist journal in Greece.
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About 400 other deportees followed their lead. His membership of the communist party was restored in 1930, and he was allowed to return to economic work. Trotskyist historian Pierre Broué suspected he was a member of the secret opposition bloc Trotsky, Zinoviev and Kamenev had created in 1932.
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Herbert Solow (20 November 1903 – 26 November 1964) was an American journalist and co-editor of the Menorah Journal who was first a Communist fellow-traveler in the 1920s, a Trotskyist in the 1930s, and then abandoned leftist politics to work in Henry Luce's publishing empire as Fortune editor.
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Spector was employed for part of his post-Trotskyist career by the American Council for Judaism and was director of the New York trade union division of the National Committee for Labor Israel in his later years. Maurice Spector died on August 1, 1968 at the age of 70.
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One of the founders, James Cannon, later became the leader of Trotskyist forces outside the Soviet Union. The Great Depression began in the US on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929. Unemployment rates passed 25%, prices and incomes fell 20–50%, but the debts remained at the same dollar amount.
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Socialist Action, known until October 2019 as the Socialist Party, is a Trotskyist political party in Australia affiliated with the International Socialist Alternative (ISA). It publishes a monthly magazine called The Socialist which contains a socialist perspective on news and current issues."" Socialist Party. Accessed: 25 August 2016.
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Since the early 1990s she has been active in the antifascist scene. In 1994 she became a member of the Trotskyist organization Linksruck. From 1994 to 1999 she was a member of the SPD. She was active early in the anti-globalization movement and became a member of Attac.
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The SWP slate got on the ballot in 11 states. Shaw assumed additional leadership responsibilities over the next decade. He became SWP organization secretary in 1965, an assignment he held through 1968. During much of the 1970s, Shaw shouldered numerous responsibilities as a leader of the world trotskyist movement.
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The Revolutionary Communist League (, LCR) was a Trotskyist political party in France. It was the French section of the Fourth International (Post- Reunification). It published the weekly newspaper Rouge and the journal Critique communiste. Established in 1974, it became the leading party of the far-left in the 2000s.
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Communist Workers League (in French: Ligue Communiste des Travailleurs) was a Trotskyist political party in Senegal, founded in 1977. It originated from a split in GOR (the forerunner of the OST). It published Tribune Ouvrière. LCT adhered to the Fourth International - International Centre of Reconstruction of Pierre Lambert.
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Bashir Abu-Manneh, The Illusions of Empire, Monthly Review. Opponents of the theory of ultra-imperialism argue that whatever similar forms may have existed during the Cold War, since its end inter-capitalist competition has tended to increaseJuan Chingo and Gustavo Dunga. Empire or Imperialism?, Fourth International - Trotskyist Fraction.
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Jeanne Hoban (3 August 1924 in Gillingham, Kent – 18 April 1997 in Sri Lanka), known after her marriage as Jeanne Moonesinghe, was a British Trotskyist who became active in trade unionism and politics in Sri Lanka. She was one of the handful of European Radicals in Sri Lanka.
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500x500px Left Shift () was a Trotskyist group in Germany, which was the German affiliate of the International Socialist Tendency (the network founded by the British Socialist Workers Party). In September 2007, Linksruck formally dissolved, and its members regrouped into the Left Party as Marx21 - Network for International Socialism.
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Many Trotskyist parties and organizations exist that advocate communism. These groups are distinct from Marxist–Leninist groups in that they generally adhere to the theory and writings of Leon Trotsky. Many owe their organizational heritage to the Socialist Workers Party, which emerged as a split-off from the CP.
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The International Socialists () is a Trotskyist organisation in Denmark. IS was set up in 1984 as split from the Left Socialists. It is part of the International Socialist Tendency led by the British Socialist Workers Party. The International Socialists are mainly involved in activities aiming at organising students.
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In October 1935 Weiss married Louis Rigaudias, a French Trotskyist leader. They divorced in 1938. She married Joseph P. Parker, officially on 6 April 1955; however, a number of letters suggest this marriage took place in summer 1950. Parker died in a car accident on 6 February 1958.
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He joined the Communist Party of Great Britain in 1931, but was expelled the following year. He was one of the founders in 1932 of the Communist League, Britain's first Trotskyist group, and had remained active in 'Left Opposition' groups until he was drafted into the army in 1943.
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Richard S. Fraser (30 June 1913 – 27 November 1988)"Richard S. Fraser, 1913-1988", Prometheus Research Library. was an American Trotskyist and the principal theoretician of the doctrine of revolutionary integrationism in the 1950s within the Socialist Workers Party (US), against George Breitman's advocacy of support for black nationalism. He joined the Trotskyist movement in 1934, and was a founding member of the Socialist Workers Party (SWP) in the US. He made a study of the black question in the late 1940s, after the Party began to lose hundreds of black recruits. This was due not only to the rise of McCarthyist repression of the SWP, but also, of the party's burgeoning opportunism on the question of black nationalism.
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In 1932, he joined the Trotskyist movement (recruited by Yvan Craipeau) and the Communist League. Very soon thereafter, the recently exiled Trotsky hired van Heijenoort as a secretary and bodyguard, primarily because of his fluency in French, Russian, German, and English. Thus began seven years in Trotsky's household, during which he served as an all-purpose translator, helping Trotsky write several books and keep up an extensive intellectual and political correspondence in several languages. In 1939, van Heijenoort moved to New York City to be with his second wife, Beatrice "Bunny" Guyer, where he worked for the Socialist Workers Party (US) (SWP) and wrote a number of articles for the American Trotskyist press and other radical outlets.
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The International Socialist League is a small Trotskyist organisation in the UK. The group's origins lie in the disintegration of the Workers' Revolutionary Party (WRP) in the 1980s. It was founded as the Bolshevik Faction of Cliff Slaughter's WRP in August 1987 and from the start was sympathetic to the Latin American-based Trotskyist leader Nahuel Moreno. In February 1988 the future ISL split from the WRP and under the leadership of the veteran Bill Hunter and Martin Ralph founded their organisation, which affiliated to Moreno's International Workers League (LIT). The ISL remains active in the North West of England where its small membership is concentrated and was active in the Socialist Alliance.
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In 1940, Jake Cooper was selected by the Socialist Workers Party to go to Mexico City and work as a bodyguard for Leon Trotsky, the exiled Russian Bolshevik leader. "I'm honored by the fact that I was selected because perhaps it tells you that they thought I was not only a militant, but that I was honest and would go there to die for our ideas if necessary," Cooper said in an interview in 1988. Cooper remained a Trotskyist his entire life. When the Socialist Workers Party leadership faction of Jack Barnes abandoned Trotskyism in the 1980s and expelled the Trotskyist factions, he joined those who were expelled in the group called Socialist Action (US).
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Bolshevik–Leninist Party of India, Ceylon and Burma (BLPI) was a revolutionary Trotskyist party which campaigned for independence and socialism in South Asia. The party was formed in 1942 as a unification of two Indian groups (the Bolshevik Leninist Party of the United Provinces and Bihar and the Bolshevik Mazdoor Party of India), with the Lanka Sama Samaja Party of Ceylon (Sri Lanka). It was recognised as the Indian section of the Fourth International. Discussions for the preliminary Committee for the Formation of the Bolshevik - Leninist Party of India took place through underground meetings in Kandy in December 1940 and March 1941 and set the stage for a sole Trotskyist party for India.
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The Socialist League (or Forward Group) was a Canadian Trotskyist group formed in 1974 by Ross Dowson and approximately twenty other former members of the League for Socialist Action after their faction was defeated at the 1973 LSA national convention. Dowson had previously been the leader of the LSA. The group published a newspaper, Forward and soon became better known as the "Forward Readers Group" or the "Forward Group". Dowson and his followers differed with the rest of the Trotskyist movement in Canada through their adoption of a Canadian economic nationalist perspective, influenced by the views of the Waffle, a Marxist tendency within the New Democratic Party (NDP) within which the LSA was active.
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Barnes's article "Their Trotsky and Ours" also underpinned the party's decisions in the 1980s to abandon its support for Leon Trotsky's theory of Permanent Revolution, and its withdrawal from the world Trotskyist movement and the reunified Fourth International. Barnes repudiated the traditional Trotskyist understanding of Permanent Revolution in favor of Lenin's pre-World War I position of "democratic-dictatorship of the proletariat and peasantry", and a highly sympathetic view of the governments of Cuba, Nicaragua and Grenada. The change prefaced the expulsion of more than a third of the party's members in 1983 and 1984, and was regarded by the opposition as a complete break with the party's traditions.See George Breitman in the introduction to Don't Strangle the Party.
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Tariq Ali of the Trotskyist IMG was one of the most prominent British figures of the Vietnam Solidarity Campaign. A new generation of political activists emerged growing partly from the groundwork prepared by the earlier revisionism of the first New Left thinkers and were energised as part of a general opposition to the Vietnam War, with the Vietnam Solidarity Campaign being the most active (founded by what became the Trotskyist International Marxist Group). This was transformative for the British far- left. Anti-war activism also had the effect of radicalising student politics and leading to the re-politicisation of the National Union of Students; around the same time, the protests of 1968 were rocking the Western world.
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Upon the start of World War II, as the PSOP collapsed, he formed the tiny Trotskyist Group in opposition to what he considered the petty bourgeois methods of organization of the other French Trotskyist groups, as well as to the politics of mainstream socialist party (the French Section of the Workers' International). This group was active in clandestinity under the Nazi German occupation of France, and later became the Communist Union (UC). The group concentrated on factory work but also maintained the regular production of its political publications and took part in agitation against the colonial politics of France. The factory work came to fruition with the Renault strike of 1947, which Korner's group helped lead and organize.
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He soon became a leader of the Socialist Youth, in which he led a trend called "revolutionary socialist youth" that opposed both the reformist wing more, close to the leadership of the SFIO and aware pro-Trotskyist Bolshevik Leninist close group Gérard Rosenthal. In 1935, he created a magazine, Revolution, which he ran with a Trotskyist activist, David Rousset . Zeller was to his own astonishment excluded from the Secretary General of Young Socialists of the Seine, by the leadership of the SFIO after the Mulhouse Congress 1935. Seeking political benchmarks, he was persuaded by Jean van Heijenoort to respond to the invitation by Trotsky to join him in Norway, where he was under house arrest.
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One incident saw Ernie Tate, a Canadian Trotskyist, attacked in public while distributing anti-Healy leaflets. The advocacy of an increasing state of crisis would become a prominent part of their public profile. In order to "kill the bill" which became the Industrial Relations Act 1971, the SLL called for a general strike to force the Heath government to call a general election. While a SLL- organised meeting at the Alexandra Palace, London in February 1971 had an attendance of 4,000, the SLL and the other Trotskyist groups had a very limited industrial presence incapable of organising such a level of protest, according to a contemporary report by Paul Routledge in The Times.
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Brutus was an activist against the apartheid government of South Africa in the 1950s and 1960s. He learned politics in the Trotskyist movement of the Eastern Cape. Although not an accomplished athlete in his own right, he was motivated by the unfairness of selections for athletic teams. He joined the Anti-Coloured Affairs Department organisation (Anti-CAD), a Trotskyist group that organised against the Coloured Affairs Department, which was an attempt by the government to institutionalise divisions between blacks and coloureds. In 1958 he formed the South African Sports Association, and as Secretary was strongly opposed to a proposed cricket tour by Frank Worrell’s West Indies to South Africa in 1959, leading a successful campaign to have it cancelled.
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Socialist Appeal was the name of a newspaper published by American Trotskyists from 1935 to 1941. It was started by supporters of the Trotskyist Workers Party of the United States in Chicago who had entered the Socialist Party of America in 1935 and was edited by Albert Goldman. In 1936, when the Workers Party formerly dissolved and entered en masse into the SPA and in August 1937 the publication moved to New York City and was re-launched as the organ of the "Left Wing Branches of the Socialist Party" but was effectively controlled by the unofficial Trotskyist faction within the SPA. The "Socialist Appeal tendency" split from the Socialist Party to form the Socialist Workers Party in 1938.
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Jimmy Deane (31 January 1921 - 21 August 2002) was a British Trotskyist who played a significant role in building the Revolutionary Socialist League. Along with Jock Haston and Ted Grant, he played a role during the Second World War in the Revolutionary Communist Party, the British section of the Fourth International.
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The International Socialists () is a Trotskyist organisation in Sweden. It is part of the International Socialist Tendency and publishes a paper called Gnistan (Spark). It was formed in 2002 by two members of the British Socialist Workers Party who moved to Sweden. Early in 2010 they renamed their paper Antikapitalist.
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The Socialist Democracy Group was a Trotskyist group which existed in England between 1998 and 2002. It organised former supporters of the Militant tendency and Socialist Outlook who supported the Scottish Socialist Party. In 2002, it merged into the Socialist Solidarity Network. Its former members are now supporters of Socialist Resistance.
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As a result, he is given a good union job at a factory. He also becomes further embroiled with the communist party. One day, Mimi sees the beautiful Fiore on the street, selling sweaters. When she and her friend are attacked he helps them and learns that she is a Trotskyist.
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See, e.g., Conquest, Robert, The Great Terror (1968 and subsequent editions). Trotskyist historian Al Richardson later described their 1935 account of the USSR as "pure Soviet propaganda at its most mendacious".Al Richardson, "Introduction" to C. L. R. James, World Revolution 1917–1936: The Rise and Fall of the Communist International.
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Having reached their seventies and early eighties, their books Soviet Communism: A New Civilisation? (1935) and The Truth About Soviet Russia (1942) still gave a positive assessment of Stalin's regime. The Trotskyist historian Al Richardson later described Soviet Communism: A New Civilization? as "pure Soviet propaganda at its most mendacious".
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Revolutionary Workers League of Sweden (in Swedish: Sveriges Revolutionära Arbetarförbund), initially known as Revolutionary Workers League (Revolutionära Arbetares Förbund), was Trotskyist organisation in Sweden. The group was formed in 1975. SRAF was the Swedish section of the International League for the Reconstruction of the Fourth International. SRAF published Röda Fanan.
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For information about the British Marxist newspaper named Socialist Challenge see International Marxist Group. Socialist Challenge was a Trotskyist group in English Canada formed by former members of the Revolutionary Workers League/Ligue Ouvrière Révolutionnaire who were expelled or resigned when the RWL moved away from Trotskyism in the early 1980s.
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Murray Dowson (1915 – before 2002) was a Canadian Trotskyist politician. Dowson was born in Toronto, Ontario. In the mid-1930s, Murray joined the Workers' Party of Canada while a student at York Memorial Collegiate. He later joined B. J. Field's League for a Revolutionary Workers Party before rejoining the Trotskyists.
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Ernest Mandel Ernest Ezra Mandel (; also known by various pseudonyms such as Ernest Germain, Pierre Gousset, Henri Vallin, Walter; 5 April 1923 – 20 July 1995), was a Belgian Marxian economist and a Trotskyist activist and theorist. He fought in the underground resistance against the Nazis during the occupation of Belgium.
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The Bandiera Rossa Association (Associazione Bandiera Rossa) is an association of members of the Critical Left party in Italy. Politically it is Trotskyist and is the Italian affiliate of the Unified Secretariat of the Fourth International (USFI). Bandiera Rossa is a left wing current. "Bandiera Rossa" is Italian for "Red flag".
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PSOL launched Heloísa Helena to run for president in 2006 elections. The vice-presidential candidate was intellectual . The party ran in a left-wing ticket along with two other parties: Trotskyist Unified Workers' Socialist Party (PSTU) and Marxist–Leninist Brazilian Communist Party (PCB). The alliance was extended to gubernatorial elections.
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Smaller- scale regroupments have occurred, however. During the 1990s, two organizations fused with Solidarity--the Fourth Internationalist Tendency (a group expelled from the SWP) and Activists for Independent Socialist Politics (a Socialist Action split that had previously worked in Committees of Correspondence). In 2002, members of the Trotskyist League joined Solidarity.
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Tom Kemp (1921–1993) was a prominent Marxist economic historian and political theorist. He was influential in socialist and Trotskyist parties in the UK, and published several influential books on Marxist theory and economic development, in particular Theories of Imperialism which made an important contribution to assimilating globalisation into Marxist theory.
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Article caused persecution of Richtmann and Krleža, who took him in protection. After that, Richtmann was proclaimed as revisionist and Trotskyist, and was systematically attacked. In 1939, Josip Broz Tito attacked Richtmann in the magazin "Proletarian" with the article "Trotskyism and it's helpers". As a leftist he was repeatedly imprisoned.
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Grigory Rabinovich (born 1892, date of death unknown)Biography of Grigory Rabinovich was a medical doctor and KGB Officer. He was sent to the United States in the 1930s. His cover was a worker for the Russian Red Cross. His mission was to "supervise penetration of the American Trotskyist movement".
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The party held an All India Party Conference in Howrah in 1960. At the Howrah conference the Trotskyist Revolutionary Workers Party merged into the RCPI.Alexander, Robert J. Trotskyism in India Moreover, Howrah conference elected Sudhindranath Kumar as new general secretary of the party. Kumar had joined the party in 1936.
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Between May and June 2015, the Trotskyist Leon Sedov Brigade joined the Levant Front. In June 2016, it largely separated from the group, before completely leaving in October 2016. The group announced its reactivation on 18 June. Its new leader is Abu Amr, who was an Ahrar ash-Sham commander.
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After being infiltrated by Trotskyites and F.B.I. agents, Cell 16 disassociated from its splinter group Female Liberation, which was providing a front for Trotskyist recruiting of aspiring feminists.Humanities & Social Sciences Online. Ruth Rosen, The World Split Open: How the Modern Women's Movement Changed America. New York and London: Penguin, 2000.
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One of the strongest Trotskyist opponents of the Tristán Marof, Guillermo Lora (leader of the POR), admitted that the PSOB "was in its time a party with a large membership and succeeded in achieving national proportions." Robert Jackson Alexander. Trotskyism in Latin America. Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University, 1973. P.113.
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The Workers' Socialist Organization (Spanish: Organización Socialista de los Trabajadores, OST) was a small Trotskyist political party in Bolivia. The Workers' Socialist Organization was established by a dissident fraction which broke away from the Communist Vanguard of the Revolutionary Workers' Party in 1978. Charles Hobday. Communist and Marxist parties of the world.
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Third, the recruitment of a significant number of ex-Maoists in West Bengal resulted in a Mao-Stalinist political culture being imported into the organisation. By the late 1990s, Patel, Jesani, Vanaik, had all left the organisation, the ex-Maoists had split to form a formally orthodox Trotskyist group that denounced the USFI.
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In 1932, Origlass joined the Communist Party of Australia (CPA), which was then aligned with Stalin's USSR. Expelled soon after, he became involved in the Trotskyist movement. He joined the Workers Party in 1934 and by 1937 was its leading figure. The Workers Party merged into the Communist League of Australia in 1938.
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Sherry Mangan (27 June 1904, Lynn, Massachusetts, USA – 24 June 1961, Rome, Italy) was an American writer, journalist, translator, editor, and book designer. He was a Marxist political activist in the Trotskyist movement from 1935 to 1961. During the Nazi occupation of Paris he was actively associated with left-wing underground operations.
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She rejoined the Communist Party in 1936, but was excluded after three months (in September) for defending Lev Trotsky. She was now a Trotskyist, and edited the periodical Oktober from April 1937 to September 1939. She also worked as a seamstress. She was married to Aksel Olsen (1869–1928), and had seven children.
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The Revolutionary Communist Party, known as the Revolutionary Communist Tendency until 1981, was a Trotskyist political organisation formed in 1978. After 1991, the party abandoned Trotskyism and publicly took a libertarian humanist position. It was disbanded in 1997, although a number of former members maintain a loose political network to promote its ideas.
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In 1982 she became the first woman in Mexico to run for the presidency with the Workers Revolutionary Party (PRT), a Trotskyist party. In 1988, she ran for the presidency a second time, again with the PRT. In 1994 she became a federal deputy of the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD).
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Jeffrey Mackler is an American activist from San Francisco, California. Mackler is the national secretary of Socialist Action, a Trotskyist political party. He was the nominee of Socialist Action for U.S. Senate from California in 2006, and President of the United States in 2016. His candidacy was endorsed by the Freedom Socialist Party.
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Unlike most Trotskyist organisations, the SWP does not have a formal programme (like the Fourth International's founding document, the Transitional Program), but an outline of the SWP's ideas called "Where We Stand""Where We Stand" , in every issue of Socialist Worker. (accessed 2013-03-26) is published in each issue of Socialist Worker.
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Marc Sautet (25 February 1947 – 3 March 1998) was a French writer, teacher, translator (mainly of Nietzsche), and philosopher. He was a Doctor of Philosophy (B. Litt.) at the Paris Institute of Political Studies. Sautet was a former Trotskyist who however edited two books on the German philosopher and philologist Friedrich Nietzsche.
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One of the students was the British- born Russian spy Kitty Harris, who was later more widely known as "The Spy with Seventeen Names".Damaskin (2001), p. 140. Despite his foreign birth and the accusation that his brother-in-law was a Trotskyist, Fisher narrowly escaped the Great Purge.Andrew (1999), p. 146.
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Montauk was 16 years old when his impoverished aunt threw him on the street. He soon quit school and tried to find full-time work. Montauk joined the Trotskyist Socialist Workers Party's Brooklyn branch in 1939, when he was 17 years old. It was at the outbreak of the Second World War.
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Like many other early Communists, Ikramov fell victim to Stalin's Great Purge. Together with Khodzhayev he was arrested in 1937 and accused of anti-Soviet, Trotskyist activities, like being connected with agents of the British Intelligence Service.Andrei Vishinski, "The Treason Case Summed Up" ; 11 March 1938. From Soviet Russia Today, April 1938 Vol.
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The International Socialist Organisation (, ISO) is a Trotskyist group in Germany. It was established in December 2016 by the merger of the International Socialist Left and the Revolutionary Socialist League. The group forms the section of the Fourth International in Germany. Members of the ISO work in Die Linke, and publish Sozialistische Zeitung.
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At the age of 15, she became involved with the group Youth against Racism in Europe, which was organized by the Trotskyist group Socialist Alternative (SAV) and other sections of the CWI. She studied political economy at the Hamburg University for Economy and Politics."Zur Person", official campaign biography (28 July 2006).
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Solidarity is a socialist organization associated with the journal Against the Current. Solidarity is an organizational descendant of International Socialists, a Trotskyist organization based on the proposition that the Soviet Union was not a "degenerate workers' state" (as in orthodox Trotskyism) but rather "bureaucratic collectivism", a new and especially repressive class society.
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The 130px The International Socialist Tendency (IST) is an international grouping of unorthodox Trotskyist organisations espousing the ideas of Tony Cliff (1917–2000), founder of the Socialist Workers Party (SWP) in Britain (not to be confused with the unrelated Socialist Workers Party in the United States). It has sections across 27 countries; however, its strongest presence is in Europe, especially in Britain. The politics of the IST are similar to the politics of many Trotskyist Internationals. Where it differs with many is on the question of the Soviet Union, the IST adopting the position that it was a "state capitalist" economy, rather than a "degenerated workers' state" along with their theories of the "permanent arms economy" and "deflected permanent revolution".
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Answering Trotsky's request, the French mathematician and Trotskyist Jean Van Heijenoort, together with his fellow activist Pierre Frank, unsuccessfully called on the influential Soviet author Maxim Gorky to intervene in favor of Christian Rakovsky, and boarded the ship he was traveling on near Constantinople.Tova Yedlin, Maxim Gorky: A Political Biography, Praeger/Greenwood, Westport, 1992, p.201-202. According to Heijenoort, they only managed to meet Gorky's son, Maxim Peshkov, who reportedly told them that his father was indisposed, but promised to pass on their request. Rakovsky was the last prominent Trotskyist to capitulate to Stalin in April 1934, when Rakovsky formally "admitted his mistakes" (his letter to Pravda, titled There Should Be No Mercy, depicted Trotsky and his supporters as "agents of the German Gestapo").
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Bordiga provided a way of seeing a fundamental degeneration in the world communist movement in 1921 (instead of in 1927 with the defeat of Trotsky) without sinking into mere empty calls for more democracy. The abstract formal perspective of bureaucracy/democracy, with which the Trotskyist tradition treats this crucial period in Comintern history, became separated from any content. Bordiga throughout his life called himself a Leninist and never polemicized against Lenin directly, but his totally different appreciation of the 1921 conjuncture, its consequences for the Comintern and his opposition to Lenin and Trotsky on the united front issue illuminates a turning point that is generally obscured by the heirs of the Trotskyist wing of the international left opposition of the 1920s.
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Unlike the movements that led to capitalist counter-revolution such Boris Yeltsin's 1991 coup in the USSR and Lech Wałęsa's Solidarność in Poland, these previous movements were not seen as having stated capitalist goals and were not seen as hostile to socialism. As such the Trotskyist movement opposed the 1956 invasion of Hungary, the 1969 invasion of Czechoslovakia, and the Tiananmen Square massacre as the crimes of Stalinist governments. While there is general agreement among Trotskyists on these questions regarding Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and China in events above, there is disagreement on questions regarding capitalist counter-revolution. Some Trotskyist groups cheered the fall of the Stalinist governments of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, even under the leadership of pro-capitalist forces.
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W. W. Norton & Company. p. 300. Some Marxists have criticised the academic institutionalisation of Marxism for being too shallow and detached from political action. Zimbabwean Trotskyist Alex Callinicos, himself a professional academic, stated:Callinicos 2010. p. 12. > Its practitioners remind one of Narcissus, who in the Greek legend fell in > love with his own reflection.
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Municipal elections were held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on December 5, 1955. Incumbent mayor Nathan Phillips, elected a year earlier, was easily reelected, defeating Controller Roy Belyea and Trotskyist Ross Dowson."Phillips, Belyea, Dowson in Race: Three Seek Mavor's Chair", The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]03 Dec 1955: 13.
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Gérard Schivardi Gérard Schivardi (born 17 April 1950) is a French politician. He contended in the French presidential election of 2007 under the colours of the Workers' Party (Parti des Travailleurs) of Trotskyist legacy. He came last in the first round of balloting on 22 April, obtaining 0.34% of the popular vote (123,540 votes).
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Socialist Party on the anti-G8 demonstration in Edinburgh The Socialist Party believes that socialism can only be realised on an international basis: In accordance with a perceived need for internationalism, the Socialist Party is a member of the refounded Committee for a Workers' International, an organisation of Trotskyist political parties from across the globe.
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The United Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Socialista de los Trabajadores Unificado, PSTU) is the Argentine section of the International Workers' League (Fourth International) (LIT), a Trotskyist-Morenoist grouping. It was formed in 2011 by the fusion of the FOS and the COI, two groups associated with the LIT. It is backing the Workers' Left Front.
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Margot Gibb-Clark, "Politics as the art of no compromise", Globe and Mail, 21 March 1983, 8. In later years, he would shift toward the political centre. Members of the Trotskyist group Combat socialiste were briefly affiliated with the Mouvement socialiste in the early 1980s. They left in 1983 to form the Gauche Socialiste group.
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Workers Power is a small Trotskyist political group in Ireland. The party was founded as the Irish Workers Group, which developed as a factional grouping in the Socialist Workers' Movement in the 1970s.Glossary of the Left in Ireland 1960-83. It was formed as a separate organisation after being expelled from that group in 1976.
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Its platform called for workers to be given a greater influence in the governing of society.Hubert Bauch, "Chasing votes on the political fringe," Montreal Gazette, 28 March 1981, A25. A 1978 advertisement also indicated that the party was not aligned with existing Marxist-Leninist or Trotskyist groups. See Le Devoir, 25 October 1978, p. 2.
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Colvin Reginald de Silva (1907– 27 February 1989; commonly known as Colvin R. de Silva) was a Cabinet Minister of Plantation Industries and Constitutional Affairs, prominent member of parliament, Trotskyist leader and lawyer in Sri Lanka. He was one of the founders of the Lanka Sama Samaja Party – the first Marxist party in Sri Lanka.
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Daniel Bensaïd (25 March 1946 – 12 January 2010Laure Equy, "Le théoricien de la LCR, Daniel Bensaïd, est mort", Libération, 12 January 2010.) was a philosopher and a leader of the Trotskyist movement in France. He became a leading figure in the student revolt of 1968, while studying at the University of Paris X: Nanterre.
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In time the group developed distinct Trotskyist and Maoist wings. The latter broke away to form the Irish Communist Organisation, which evolved into the British and Irish Communist Organisation. The former became the Irish Workers' Group, set up by Lawless. The IWG produced a paper Irish Militant and a theoretical journal An Solas/Workers' Republic.
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In 1981, he was appointed Director of the South African Committee for Higher Education (SACHED). At the time of his death, he had retired from being director of PRAESA at the University of Cape Town. In 1994, his Trotskyist Workers Organisation for Socialist Action contested the elections. Alexander received the Linguapax Prize for 2008.
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New York, 1993. Pp. 637. “This Trotskyist organization criticized but supported the Manuel Noriega regime and urged it to follow the nationalist policies of the Omar Torrijos government, especially the building of popular democracy. Led by Graciela Dixon the PRT encouraged the government to strengthen the role of the masses in the political process”.
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From 1955 to 1965, Guattari edited and contributed to La Voie Communiste (Communist Way), a Trotskyist newspaper.Guattari (1989, x). He supported anti-colonialist struggles as well as the Italian Autonomists. Guattari also took part in the G.T.P.S.I., which gathered many psychiatrists at the beginning of the sixties and created the Association of Institutional Psychotherapy in November 1965.
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Trotsky's Fourth International was established in France in 1938, when Trotskyists argued that the Comintern or Third International had become irretrievably "lost to Stalinism" and thus incapable of leading the international working class to political power."The Transitional Program". Retrieved November 5, 2008. In contemporary English language usage, an advocate of Trotsky's ideas is often called a "Trotskyist".
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NOI then became the Italian section of the International Left Opposition and subsequently joined PSI-LSI.. The debate within PSIm about the need of a new proletarian International saw the group of Balabanoff in favour of the Trotskyist proposal, and due to that the party accepted two meetings with dissident NOI exponents of PSI-LSI organized in September 1935.
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Robert "Rob" Dawber (8 January 1956 - 20 February 2001) was a British railwayman turned writer whose script for the film The Navigators was commissioned by director Ken Loach and shot in Sheffield, where Dawber lived.Ken Loach Obituary, Guardian Unlimited, 23 February 2001 He was a long- standing member of the Trotskyist group the Alliance for Workers' Liberty.
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Rachelle Anayansi Mozman Solano is a first generation American and was born and grew up in New York City. She makes work between New York City and Panama. the country of her maternal family. Her parents met at Hunter College at CUNY shortly after both immigrating to the U.S. and were committed to the Trotskyist movement for many years.
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Farrell was also active in Trotskyist politics and joined the Socialist Workers Party (SWP). He came to agree with Albert Goldman and Felix Morrows' criticism of the SWP and Fourth International management. With Goldman, he ended his participation with the group in 1946 to join the Workers' Party. Within the Workers' Party, Goldman and Farrell worked closely.
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The "Trotskyist" label that Abramson was saddled with limited his reintegration into the new Soviet structure – Adelina had to apply three times to join the Union of Communist Youth – to the point that in January 1937, Adelina and her father left the USSR clandestinely. After a rocambolesque trip, they arrived in Spain, where Paulina was already waiting for them.
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But the presence of the leftist VLSSP in the government irritated the rightist sections of SLFP, who maneuvered VLSSP out through a series of intrigues. MEP fell apart and the government was defeated. In 1959 VLSSP was disbanded and Gunawardena reorganized his party with the name Mahajana Eksath Peramuna. His new party was however not a Trotskyist formation.
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The Internationalist Workers Party (Parti ouvrier internationaliste, POI) was a French Trotskyist party established in 1936 after the exclusion of militant Trotskyists from the French Section of the Workers' International in 1935 and dissolved in 1939 when most of the militants had rejoined the Workers and Peasants' Socialist Party. It was an official section of the Fourth International.
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This is explained by his personal friendship from the 1930s with Andreas Papandreou who had been a Trotskyist in his youth. Pablo's motto was: "The meaning of life is life itself" (Νόημα της ζωής είναι η ίδια η ζωή).As quoted by Savas Michael Matsas in "Intellectual Revolutionary in Lean Times", Efimerida ton Syntakton, 25-02-2014.
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Born at Les Lilas, Seine-Saint-Denis, France, Arlette became a clerical worker in a bank. She was a member of the CGT until 1965, when she was expelled for her Trotskyist views. She joined Lutte Ouvrière in 1968. She became the leader of a 1974 bank workers' strike that began with actions of employees at Crédit Lyonnais.
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The decision was motivated by the need to clear the border regions of unreliable people. All together 69,283 people were transferred. ;May 20: Politburo accepts Yagoda's proposal on Trotskyists. ;June 19: Yagoda and the Prosecutor General of the USSR, Andrey Vyshinsky, sent to the Politburo a list of 82 members of a "contra-revolutionary Trotskyist organization".
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Socialist Left (Izquierda Socialista) is a Trotskyist political party in Argentina. It is the Argentine section of International Workers' Unity – Fourth International. It is one of three groups participating in the Workers' Left Front. Members include Liliana Olivero, a former deputy in the provincial legislature in Córdoba Province, Argentina, and Angélica Lagunas, a provincial deputy in Neuquén Province.
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The Socialist Group was a short-lived Trotskyist group in Britain during the mid 1980s. Its publication was "Socialist Viewpoint". It consisted of a group around best-known member Alan Thornett, who had been expelled or split from Sean Matgamna's Socialist Organiser Alliance/Workers Socialist League in 1984. It had significant bases in Oxford and Coventry.
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In the meantime, her husband had fallen victim to the Soviet Great Purge in 1938. Rumors abounded that she herself had denounced him as a Trotskyist traitor; Comintern archival documents reveal, however, that she repeatedly refused to do so.Levy, pp. 64–66. Levy's findings are based on documents in the Comintern and the Romanian Communist Party archives.
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The AFL and the Minnesota Federation of Labor were alarmed at the growth of the Trotskyist-led union, and demanded action. In October 1935, the Teamsters international union passed a resolution denying membership to communists. Tobin also agreed to let an AFL organizer attempt to raid Local 574. The AFL and Local 574 engaged in mutual acts of violence.
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Later, he held several high positions within the Communist Party of Ukraine, but in 1935, he was expelled from the party. In October 1936, he was accused of having counter- revolutionary contacts and together with other Bolsheviks have organized a Ukrainian Trotskyist Centre. The year after, he was sentenced to death and executed. He was rehabilitated in 1955.
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The official Soviet histography at the time claim that the Communist Party of Khorezm had been a nest of "bourgeois-and-nationalistic and Trotskyist elements, who hampered the forming of new Republics".Central Asian Nations & Border Issues. Dr Mirzohid Rahimov & Dr Galina Urazaeva Later in 1924, the party was dissolved as the boundaries of Soviet Central Asia were redrawn.
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Socialist Action is a Trotskyist political party in the United States. It publishes the monthly Socialist Action newspaper, has a youth affiliate called Youth for Socialist Action (YSA) and is associated with the Fourth International. In October 2019, a minority faction was expelled or resigned membership from Socialist Action and re-established itself as Socialist Resurgence.
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Al Richardson (20 December 1941 – 22 November 2003) was a British Trotskyist historian and activist. Born in Woolley Colliery, a pit village near Barnsley,McIlroy, J. (2004) "Al Richardson (1941-2003): An Appreciation", Revolutionary History Vol.8, No.4 p.3 Richardson studied theology at the University of Hull before becoming a lecturer at the University of Exeter.
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Laura Vilches (born 24 March 1982) is an Argentinian teacher and politician. She is one of the national referents of the Socialist Workers' Party (PTS), a trotskyist party member of the Workers' Left Front (FIT) for which she is a provincial deputy in Córdoba Province since 10 December 2014. She previously worked as a teacher of literature.
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He lived separately from his parents after the October Revolution in order not to be seen as privileged. He married in 1925 at the age of 19, and had a son, Lev, the following year. Sedov supported his father in the struggle against Joseph Stalin and became a leader of the Trotskyist movement in his own right.
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International Viewpoint is the English-language online magazine of the Trotskyist reunified Fourth International.Links: International Journal of Socialist Renewal, 2011. Links: International Journal of Socialist Renewal, 2011 It focuses on publishing articles on the political and social situation throughout the world, notably by translating articles into English written by socialists in other languages. Its ISSN is .
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The Socialist League () was a Trotskyist organisation in Finland. It was affiliated to the International Socialist Tendency. From 1995 until 1998 the organisation was known as Communist Youth (Kommunistinuoret). At its founding the Communist Youth was close to the "new" Communist Party of Finland (SKP) but supporters of the SKP left the organisation after the name change.
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Besides, it welcomed Conservatives and Far-Left, notably members of the Trotskyist Internationalist Communist Organization. The hostility to the CGT and to the French Communist Party is the cement of the confederation. In the 1970s, FO leaders were sceptical about the Socialist strategy of alliance with the Communist Party. Then, they criticized the nomination of Communist ministers in 1981.
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Copeland, however, was not rehired. A member of the Trotskyist Socialist Workers Party (SWP), Copeland, Sam Marcy and others formed a faction which eventually left the party in 1958. A year later, Copeland became a founding member of Workers World Party (WWP). He was the founding editor of the party's newspaper, the eponymously named Workers World.
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J. Posadas Homero Rómulo Cristalli Frasnelli (1912–1981), better known under the pseudonym J. Posadas or sometimes Juan Posadas, was an Argentine Trotskyist whose personal vision is usually described as Posadism. Originally a collective pen name of the leadership of the Grupo Cuarta Internacional in Argentina in the 1940s, it was also used by Dante Minazzoli initially.
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Socialist Solidarity () is a Trotskyist organisation in the Czech Republic. It is part of the International Socialist Tendency. It seems to have developed from a circle around a punk rock band which developed links with the British Socialist Workers Party. In 1998 a group split from the organisation to form the Socialist Organisation of Working People.
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The SAP traces back its roots to the beginning of the Trotskyist movement in the Netherlands. In 1945 the Revolutionary Communist Party was founded as the Dutch member of the Fourth International. However the party was unsuccessful as an independent party and was disbanded in 1952. The former RCP members opted for an entryist tactic in the PvdA.
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The Socialist Workers Party (Spanish: Partido Socialista de los Trabajadores, PST) was a Panamanian Trotskyist political party. The PST was accorded legal recognition as a party in September 1983. It sought, unsuccessfully, to enlist the support of the People’s Party of Panama in an electoral front against "Yankee imperialism" in 1984. Political Handbook of the world, 1993.
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Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations: Parties, Groups and Movements of the 20th Century. A&C; Black, 2000, p153 independent Trotskyist groups in the country. Trotsky advised the group to enter the Independent Labour Party (ILP), which had just disaffiliated from the Labour Party. Trotsky believed that the group should work for a "Bolshevik transformation of the party".
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The Communist Forum was a short-lived political group formed in 1986 by Mike Banda, following his expulsion from the Workers Revolutionary Party (Workers Press). Banda continued to reassess his politics, and in 1986 published "What is Trotskyism? Or Will the Real Trotsky Please Stand Up?", a document arguing that Trotsky and the Trotskyist movement were mistaken.
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The Socialist Alternative Movement (, MAS), formerly known as the Left Revolutionary Front () is a Trotskyist organization in Portugal. It was the Portuguese section of the International Workers' League (Fourth International)Lisi 2013, p. 36. until they split in 2017. It ran on a joint list with the Madeira-based Labour Party in the 2015 parliamentary elections.
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In December 1934, the CLA merged with A. J. Muste's American Workers Party to form the Workers Party of the United States. A new newspaper, much like the old one, was established with Jim Cannon at the editorial helm, given the less than original name New Militant. A new phase of the American Trotskyist movement was begun.
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Asian Music Circle co-founder Ayana Deva Angadi came to London from Bombay, India, in 1924,Visram, p. 290. to gain the qualifications necessary for a top position in the Indian Civil Service, under what was then British imperial rule.Massey, p. 57. Instead, he embraced Trotskyist political philosophy and became an outspoken critic of British imperialism.
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8:4 pg.260 In 1940, he met a woman selling Socialist Appeal at an Engineering Apprentices College where he was on day release and he joined the Trotskyist Workers International League in 1940Harris, N. "Duncan Hallas: Death of a Trotskyist" Ed. McIlroy, J. Revolutionary History Vol. 8:4 pg.261 and then its successor organisation the Revolutionary Communist Party while still a young worker during the Second World War. Conscripted into the First Lancashire Regiment in 1943, he served in France, Belgium and Germany and he was also involved in the mutiny in Egypt after the end of the war, earning him three months in military prison. When factional disputes broke out in The Club (the name adopted by British Trotskyists after entering the Labour Party) Hallas became a supporter of Tony Cliff's positions.
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Retrieved 4 November 2019.Grant, Ted (1996). "The Collapse of Stalinism and the Class Nature of the Russian State". Marxists Internet Archive. Retrieved 4 November 2019.Arnove, Anthony (Winter 2000). "The Fall of Stalinism: Ten Years On". International Socialist Review. 10. Retrieved 4 November 2019.Daum, Walter (Fall 2002). "Theories of Stalinism's Collapse". Proletarian Revolution. 65. Retrieved 4 November 2019. Trotskyism argues that the leadership of the communist states was corrupt and that it abandoned Marxism in all but name. In particular, some Trotskyist schools call those countries degenerated workers' states to contrast them with proper socialism (i.e. workers' states) while other Trotskyist schools call them state capitalist to emphasize the lack of true socialism and presence of defining capitalist characteristics (wage labor, commodity production and bureaucratic control over workers).
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There was no action to expel the Trotskyist Appeal faction, but pressure continued to build along these lines, egged on by the Communist Party's increasingly vehement denunciations of Trotsky and his followers as wreckers and agents of international fascism. The convention passed a ban on future branch resolutions on controversial matters, an effort to rein in the activities of the factions at the local level. It also banned factional newspapers, establishing a national organ instead. Constance Myers indicates that three factors led to the Trotskyists' expulsion from the Socialist Party in 1937: the divergence between the official Socialists and the Trotskyist faction on the issues, the determination of Altman's wing of the Militants to oust the Trotskyists, and Trotsky's own decision to move toward a break with the party.Myers, The Prophet's Army, pg. 133.
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Around the time of Serge's arrival in France, Mark Zborowski "Etienne" was becoming a powerful person in the French Trotskyist movement, as a confidant of Leon Sedov. Zborowski, who turned out later to be a GPU agent, successfully used Serge's disagreements with other Trotskyists to spread distrust of Serge within the Trotskyist movement, which poisoned Trotsky's relations with Serge. However, their political break was based on differences over two topics: the role of the POUM in the Spanish revolution (which Serge defended) and the Bolsheviks' brutal repression of the 1921 revolt of the Kronstadt sailors (which Serge criticised). The Serge-Trotsky correspondence (including private letters and public polemics) fills a volume, and after Trotsky's death Serge collaborated with his widow, Natalia Sedova, on an authorized biography: "Life and Death of Leon Trotsky" (1947).
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Redemption, the first novel by author, historian and former Trotskyist Tariq Ali, is a roman à clef and apostate satire of the inability of Trotskyists to handle the downfall of the Eastern bloc. In it Ezra Einstein (a thinly disguised Ernest Mandel) calls a conference whose British sections are 'the Hoods' (the WRP), 'the Rockers' (SWP) and 'the Burrowers League' (Militant). Also invited are the 'Proletarian International Socialist Party of American Workers' (PISPAW) (SWP-US) and representatives from the 'New Life Journal' (New Left Review). It contains portraits of other well-known figures in the Trotskyist movement including Gerry Healy (Frank Hood), Tony Cliff (Jimmy Rock), Ted Grant (Jed Burroughs), Chris Harman (Nutty Shardman), Paul Foot (Alex Mango), Jack Barnes (Jim Noble), Michel Pablo ('Diablo') and Vanessa Redgrave (Laura Shaw).
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In the Great Depression of the 1930s, Widick became active in the political left, first as a sympathizer with the Communist Party USA, then as a participant in the American Trotskyist movement. He joining the Communist League of America in 1934 and followed the Trotskyist movement's various configurations through the decade, helping to form the Socialist Workers Party in 1938. Widick was a reporter for the Akron Beacon Journal from 1933 to 1936 and was involved in drives by the Committee of Industrial Organizations to unionize the rubber industry in Ohio, becoming the research director for the United Rubber Workers in 1937. In 1937 Widick traveled to Mexico and met with the exiled Russian revolutionary Leon Trotsky to discuss the American labor upsurge, and there he met Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo.
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When the Trotskyist Youth, the Jeunesses socialistes révolutionaires, was set up in 1936, he was a member of its Central Committee. From 1937 he joined the Parti Communiste Internationaliste (International Communist Party) of Pierre Frank and Raymond Molinier, was elected onto its Central Committee, and was a founder and leader of the Jeunesses Communistes Internationalistes. When the Molinier tendency sent its delegation abroad at the outbreak of war, when it was made illegal, Comrade Prager represented the youth on this committee, and along with Georges Vereeken and Molinier and Frank edited its Correspondance Internationaliste. From December 1939 to May 1940 Comrade Prager was imprisoned but in July 1940 he returned to Paris illegally and helped to reconstruct the Trotskyist organisation that later assumed the name of the Comité Communiste Internationaliste (International Communist Committee).
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The character of Michael Stivic is an Americanized version of the British original: Till Death Us Do Part's Mike Rawlins, the Trotskyist "Randy Scouse Git" who arouses the passionate ire of his conservative father-in-law Alf Garnett. For the American version of this character, the Trotskyist angle was drastically softened: Michael Stivic is a social liberal and a leftist, but not an adherent of any form of communism and is presented as possibly a Democrat who is sympathetic to the Students for a Democratic Society movement (SDS), which is hinted by his occasional use of SDS ally and Yippie leader Abbie Hoffman's guerrilla theatre antics. Michael Stivic is a Polish-American from Chicago. He was orphaned at a young age, with his parents having been killed in a car crash.
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Anti-Racist Action built up connections to black power groups in places like Chicago, and integrated aspects of third-wave feminism and, as part of this, mobilized against Christian groups opposed to abortion. According to Bray, ARA was "predominantly anarchist and antiauthoritarian, as reflected in the influential role of the Love and Rage Revolutionary Anarchist Federation" an unorthodox anarchist group with Trotskyist and New Left aspects, with whom they worked closely. From the early Baldies days onwards, what would become Anti-Racist Action in Minneapolis had been affiliated with an anarchist group calling itself the Revolutionary Anarchist Bowling League (RABL). In 1989, members of the Revolutionary Anarchist Bowling League joined with others including former members of the Trotskyist Revolutionary Socialist League to form the Love and Rage Network.
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For instance C. Desmond Greaves' Connolly Association (part of the CPGB) had an ideological influence on the Marxist-Leninist turn of Sinn Féin and the Irish Republican Army (which, following the split in the republican movement, became the Officials faction). Indeed, the perpetrator of the 1972 Aldershot bombing had spent time in the British Maoist CDRCU group. The non-communist Provisionals, who spearheaded the republican campaign, garnered "critical support" from some British Trotskyist groups, most prominently the IMG. early on, under the rationale of anti-imperialism and much later in the 1980s had the Trotskyist-orientated People's Democracy merge into PSF. . For the CPGB, the significance of 1968 was different; in some ways a re-run of 1956, as Soviet tanks rolled into Czechoslovakia under the Brezhnev Doctrine in opposition to the Prague Spring.
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He became involved in politics early on, first as a Trotskyist, as a socialist later on, and since 1992 as a liberal. In October 2000, he was forced to resign as Secretary of State by Prime Minister Guy Verhofstadt, who is also a member of the VLD, after it became public that he had been named in a criminal investigation in Switzerland.
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Ivan Očak: Još jednom o Vladimiru Ćopiću Following the end of the war and Republicans' defeat, he was recalled to Moscow. Due to his Trotskyist views regarding communist governance, he was killed in Stalinist purges in 1939 along with many other leading Yugoslav communists in the country. His brother, Milan Ćopić, was in the International Brigades' prison at Camp Lucász.
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The Communist Vanguard of the Revolutionary Workers' Party (Spanish: Vanguardia Comunista del Partido Obrero Revolucionario, VCPOR) was a small Trotskyist political party in Bolivia. The Communist Vanguard of the Revolutionary Workers' Party was established in 1977 by a dissident group which broke away from the Revolutionary Workers' Party in 1975.Charles Hobday. Communist and Marxist parties of the world. Longman, 1986. P.351.
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White grew up in Marino, Dublin. He was educated at Chanel College Coolock, Trinity College, Dublin and King's Inns. He was called to the Bar in 1987. White was a student activist in Trinity College, Dublin, where he was president of the Students' Union and also for a time a supporter of various Trotskyist groupings, including the League for a Workers Republic.
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Wang Fanxi (; March 16, 1907 – December 30, 2002) was a leading Chinese Trotskyist revolutionary. Born near Hangzhou in Zhejiang province, he joined the Communist Party of China, then an illegal organisation, in 1925. In 1927, he went to Moscow to study at the Communist University of the Toilers of the East. There he became a supporter of Trotsky and the International Left Opposition.
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La Paz: Libr. Ed. "Juventud", 1987. p. 699 The United Left was composed of Eje de Convergencia, Revolutionary Workers Party Trotskyist- Posadist (POR Trotskista-Posadista) and other leftwing groups.Rivadeneira Prada, Raúl. Agresión política: el proceso electoral 1989. La Paz: Libr. Ed. "Juventud", 1989. p. 32 Isaac Sandoval Rodríguez was the presidential candidate of IU, Luis Luján Ticona the candidate for vice president.
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It was a check that was to last eighteen years. His interrogator threatened to arrest Demidov's wife, and orphan his five-month-old daughter. Demidov confessed and was sentenced as a Trotskyist, but did not accuse anyone else, and was sent to corrective labor camps. For fourteen years he served in the Kolyma region of Siberia, ten in the most brutal of conditions.
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Lanka Sama Samaja Party (Alternative Group) is a Trotskyist political party in Sri Lanka, led by Chandra Kumarage. The party was formed following a split in the Lanka Sama Samaja Party. The party followed the same ideologies as any other Samasamaj Party. The party was affliated with the Fourth International LSSP(AG) is a constituent of the New Left Front.
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Romain-Pierre Charpentier (born July 12, 1951 in Paris) known professionally as Romain Goupil, is a French filmmaker. He was a college leader during the May 1968 civil unrest in France and was for a long time a trotskyist militant. During the 2000s decade he aligned with the positions of the Cercle de l'Oratoire, and supported Emmanuel Macron in 2017.
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Following the expulsion of a Trotskyist left wing from the Socialist Party in 1937, Allen was made a member of the governing National Executive Committee of the Socialist Party.Tim Davenport, "Socialist Party of America (1897-1946): Party Officials," Early American Marxism website, www.marxisthistory.org/ Allen was returned to that position by the 1938 National Convention of the SPA, serving a two-year term.
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Joseph "Usick" Vanzler (November 29, 1901 – June 21, 1956), best known by the pseudonym John G. Wright, was a Jewish-American socialist, activist and translator. Vanzler is best known as the translator of a number of the important works of Leon Trotsky — materials which helped to establish to expand the influence of the Trotskyist movement in the English-speaking world.
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In the 1930s itself he was popular for his literary acumen. He became a Trotskyist and got into the US Socialist Party. He took interest as member of the Socialist Workers Party from the time it came to be established in 1938. Soon after he moved to Paris, under the influence of several expatriates he became a writer and editor on French surrealism.
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Brendan O'Neill is a British columnist. He is the editor of Spiked and has been a columnist for The Australian and The Big Issue. Once a Trotskyist Marxist, O'Neill was formerly a member of the Revolutionary Communist Party and wrote for the party's journal, Living Marxism. O'Neill self identifies as a Libertarian Marxist and writes for a range of publications.
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Socialist Movement Pakistan (SMP) is a Trotskyist political party in Pakistan affiliated to the Committee for a Workers' International. The SMP was formally founded in Lahore on 17 April 2004, with the merger of the United Socialist Party (a sympathising section of the CWI) and the Marxist Workers' Tendency.Founding meeting of ‘Socialist Movement’ held in Lahore, www.socialistworld.net, 14 May 2004.
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Kendall was born in 1909 to a blind minister in Oklahoma. He learned to read at 2, graduated from high school at 13, from the University of Oklahoma at 18, and published his first book at 20. In 1932, he studied at the University of Oxford as a Rhodes scholar. Kendall became a Trotskyist and went to Spain during the Spanish Civil War.
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Michel Varga (born Balázs Nagy; c. 1927 – August 23, 2015) was a Hungarian and French Trotskyist activist. Varga was active in the Union of Working Youth, student organisation of the Hungarian Working People's Party, within which he was regarded as an intellectual. He was part of a group which in 1954 founded the Petofi discussion group, in opposition to Mátyás Rákosi.
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According to Trotskyist doctrine,James Burnham, The Managerial Revolution, Indiana University Press, Bloomingham 1966, p.v. the Soviet Union became a "degenerated workers state" and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) as "bureaucratic centralist". Trotskyites considered the Soviet degenerated workers state still as "revolutionary workers' state" or "proletarian dictatorship". As such, the Soviet state was "historically progressive" in relation to "reactionary capitalism".
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While originally operating as a tendency of the Workers Party, they briefly rejoined the Socialist Workers Party before leaving the Trotskyist left entirely. The Johnson–Forest Tendency also characterized the USSR as State Capitalist. She wrote for the Johnson–Forest Tendency under the party pseudonym Ria Stone. She married African-American auto worker and political activist James Boggs in 1953.
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Albert Glotzer (1908–1999), also known as Albert Gates was a professional stenographer and founder of the Trotskyist movement in the United States. He was best remembered as the court reporter for the 1937 John Dewey Commission that examined the Stalinist charges against Trotsky in Mexico City and as a memoirist and activist in the social democratic movement in his later years.
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Burnham (1905–1987) was a former Trotskyist and professor of philosophy, who rejected dialectical materialism in favour of logical empiricism in 1940.Burhham J. (1940) Science and Style A Reply to Comrade Trotsky, in In Defence of Marxism by Leon Trotsky, London 1966, pp.232-256. In 1941 he published The Managerial Revolution.The Managerial Revolution: What is Happening in the World.
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Justice List (in Swedish: Rättviselistan) was an alliance formed in Sweden in June 1995, ahead of the European Parliament elections. The main constituents were two trotskyist parties, the Socialist Party (SP) and Workers League Offensive (AFO). Also the Democratic Welfare Party in Helsingborg participated as well as individual social democrats and trade unionists. The list got 14,904 votes (0.56% of the votes).
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Pluto Press was set up in London by Richard Kuper in 1969 to support and promote political debate and activism. Its Trotskyist agenda stemmed from its early association with the International Socialists, which broadened to a wider revolutionary left in 1972 when Nina and Michael Kidron"Michael Kidron and Richard Kuper". Revolutionary History, Vol. 8, No. 3, 2003, pp. 281–85.
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Fact on File. Inc. 2001. p. 280. At the turn of the 21st century in Latin America, Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez championed what he termed socialism of the 21st century, which included a policy of nationalisation of national assets such as oil, anti-imperialism and termed himself a Trotskyist supporting permanent revolution."Chavez accelerates on path to socialism". BBC News.
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Ranawaka Arachchige Arthur Reginald Perera (1 December 1915 - 19 November 1977) was Sri Lankan Trotskyist politician. Perera received his education at St. John's College, Panadura. In the 1930s he joined the Lanka Sama Samaja Party, actively engaging in the youth league activities of the party. In the late 1930s Perera represented the LSSP at the sessions of the Indian National Congress in Tripura.
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Buchholz is (as of 2008) a supporter of the Trotskyist organization Marx21 within Die Linke and was the author of the magazine of the same name. Buchholz is considered a protagonist of the left party wing within the party Die Linke. In 2011, she criticized the attempt by reformers such as Stefan Liebich to change the foreign policy foundations of the party.
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In countries such as Italy and Germany, post-communism is marked by the increased influence of their existing social democrats. The anti-Soviet communist parties in the Western Bloc (e.g. the Trotskyist parties) who felt that the fall of the Soviet Union vindicated their views and predictions did not particularly prosper from it—in fact, some became less radical as well.
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NKVD photo of V. Shalamov, 1937 At the outset of the Great Purge, on January 12, 1937, Shalamov was arrested again for "counter- revolutionary Trotskyist activities" and sent to Kolyma, also known as "the land of white death", for five years. He was already in jail awaiting sentencing when one of his short stories was published in the literary journal Literary Contemporary.
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Socialist Democracy (, DS) is a far-left Trotskyist group in Brazil. Formed in 1979, DS was affiliated to the United Secretariat of the Fourth International. DS was one of the first groups to affiliate with the Workers' Party (PT) when the PT formed in 1980. The activists in Socialist Democracy hoped to transform the PT into a revolutionary socialist party.
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The Communist Party of New Zealand eventually merged with the neo-Trotskyist International Socialist Organization in 1994. The resultant party, known as the Socialist Workers Organization, evolved into the small but highly active Socialist Worker (Aotearoa). However, most of the ISO members split off again and resumed their own organisation. SW voted to dissolve itself at its conference in January 2012.
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Smaller groups included Catholic and monarchist partisans. There were partisan units not represented in the CLN, including the Brigata Maiella and anarchist, republican and Trotskyist formations.Il Cln, spiegato bene: che cosa era il Comitato di Liberazione nazionale The CLN led the governments of Italy from the liberation of Rome in June 1944 until the first post-war general election in 1946.
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In Trotskyist parties, the Politburo is a bureau of the Central Committee tasked with making day-to-day political decisions, which must later be ratified by the Central Committee. It is appointed by the Central Committee from among its members. The post of General Secretary carries far less weight in this model. See, for example, the Lanka Sama Samaja Party.
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Originally a Trotskyist faction within the Communist Refoundation Party (PRC), it broke ranks on 8 December 2007 to become an independent political party. From 2006 to 2008, SC had deputy Salvatore Cannavò and senator Franco Turigliatto who voted consistently against the Prodi II Cabinet and the latter was responsible of the first major crisis of the government on 22 February 2007.
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As Karl's foil, Piscator made the character of Spiegelberg, often presented as a sinister figure, the voice of the working-class revolution. Spiegelberg appeared as a Trotskyist intellectual, slightly reminiscent of Charlie Chaplin with his cane and bowler hat. As he died, the audience heard The Internationale sung. Piscator founded the influential (though short-lived) Piscator-Bühne in Berlin in 1927.
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The most famous came from Wang Shiwei, a journalist and intellectual known for his belief in "democracy and science." Wang wrote an essay denouncing the hierarchy, bureaucracy, and inegalitarian distribution of resources in Yan'an. The essay irritated Mao greatly, and Wang was labeled a Trotskyist. Wang was arrested by the Central Social Department, modelled off the Soviet Union's OGPU, and beheaded in 1947.
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The appointment was opposed by the Sri Lanka Medical Faculty Students' Action Committee alleged that it had been made under political influence. Fonseka's tenure at the SLMC was to end in December 2016 but the government extended it by six months. Fonseka resigned at the end of June 2017. Fonseka was a prominent member of the Trotskyist Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP).
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As a rule, documents written from a Leninist, Trotskyist, or post-modernist perspective are not included. Connexions' principles include a strong commitment to civil liberties, human rights, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, secularism, and democratic principles. Connexions declares itself opposed to censorship and to all forms of discrimination and oppression based on gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, or race.
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Its seven-member executive mainly consisted of members of the CPGB (PCC) and the Democratic Socialist Alliance criticised the party for its "hijacking" of the campaign. A group of members became known as the Trotskyist Tendency. The campaign published Marxist Voice. In November 2008, it was announced that the CPGB (PCC) would move to wind up the campaign at its December AGM.
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In Sedov and Trotsky's letters they are only referred to as 'our group'. Not much is known about its members at the time, other than the fact that Andrei Konstantinov was one of its leaders. Ivan Smirnov, a former member of the Left Opposition also leaded a Trotskyist group at the time, which was taken down by Soviet Authorities in late 1932.
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Despite being a fanatical fighter against Trotskyists through his career, soon he was accused of being Trotskyist himself and was arrested on February 26, 1938.. Postyshev story on 25:00. His arrest came after he was denounced by Lev Mekhlis who feared that Postyshev's repression might affect him. He was shot at Kuibyshev on February 26, 1939.Magocsi (1996), p 570.
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Leon Trotsky Leon Trotsky and his supporters organized into the Left Opposition and their platform became known as Trotskyism. Stalin eventually succeeded in gaining control of the Soviet regime and Trotskyist attempts to remove Stalin from power resulted in Trotsky's exile from the Soviet Union in 1929. During Trotsky's exile, mainstream communism fractured into two distinct branches, i.e. Trotskyism and Stalinism.
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The Proletarian Society of China was a short-lived Trotskyist organisation founded in Hong Kong in 2002 out of a fuse of former members of the Japan Revolutionary Communist League, International Marxist Tendency and the Hong Kong Marxist Student Society who had established themselves under the name of the Proletarian Society of Chen Du-xiu. Sympathetic to the CRFI. Renamed in 2003.
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In September 1952, the French communist daily L'Humanité published an article accusing Curiel of having had contacts with a Trotskyist informer during the Second World War. When HADITU attempted to conduct unity discussions with other communist factions, the issue of Curiel's membership (being tainted by the accusations in L'Humanité) became a stumbling block.Beinin, Was the Red Flag Flying There?, 1990, pp. 113–114.
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The PL decided to form a new openly Trotskyist "revolutionary workers' vanguard party". At this point the PL had about 300 members. The party was originally called Communist League-Proletarian Left (Dutch: Kommunistenbond- Proletarisch Links, KB-PL). In 1974 the party changed its name to International Communist League (Dutch: Internationale Kommunistenbond, IKB) and formally re-affiliated with the Fourth International.
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Raymond Millet, "Une nouvelle extrême gauche va-t-elle se former?", in Le Temps, June 15, 1937, p. 8 In September 1937, following bombing attacks by members of La Cagoule, he was interrogated by police. Clémenti stated his sympathy for the group, while criticizing its methods; he also argued that the attacks were in fact staged by a Trotskyist cell of Simca employees.
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Anil Moonesinghe (15 February 1927 – 8 December 2002) was a Sri Lankan Trotskyist revolutionary politician and trade unionist. He became a member of parliament, a Cabinet Minister of Transport in 1964, the Deputy Speaker of Parliament from 1994-2000 and a diplomat. He authored several books and edited newspapers and magazines. He was chairman and general manager of a State corporation.
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In 1925, fearing proto-Trotskyist indiscipline, Lore was brought up on charges before the executive of the Workers (Communist) Party's German Language Federation. When the executive refused to expel Lore, changes were made in the composition of the body to make Lore's expulsion inevitable.Buhle, "Ludwig Lore and the New Yorker Volkszeitung," pg. 177. Lore was expelled from the organization later that same year.
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As a student activist and member of the Trotskyist group, the International Socialist Organisation (ISO), Sparrow was one of the Austudy Five, controversially arrested after a protest in 1992.Raising Melbourne's red flag The Age, 23 August 2002. Accessed: 13 July 2009. He was expelled from the ISO in 1995ISO purges opposition Green Left Weekly, Issue 197, 9 August 1995.
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After Sergey Kirov's assassination in December 1934, she left the city and the following year became Head of the Education Department in the Dubrovnik District of Tobolsky District in the Omsk Oblast. The next year, she was arrested and accused of harbouring Trotskyist sympathies; expelled from the party, she was released but later rearrested and died while detained, on 5 March 1942.
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Max Shachtman, "Radicalism in the Thirties: The Trotskyist View," in Rita James Simon (ed.), As We Saw the Thirties. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1967; pg. 22. Quoted in LeBlanc, "Trotskyism in the United States," pg. 15. While the CLA did manage to attract some disaffected members of the regular CPUSA, most newcomers to the organization were previously unaffiliated young radicals.
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In the mid-1930s, while working for the New York City Housing Authority, Lyman became disillusioned with the utility of his work designing housing projects to produce social improvement, and he became active in Marxist politics. There he met Frances "Freddy" Drake (1912–1999), whom he married in 1939. Then in 1947, on the occasion of the 25th Anniversary of the Harvard College Class of 1922, Lyman wrote in their publication, the 25th Annual Report of the Harvard Class of 1922: Lyman and Freddy Paine were early members of the Johnson-Forest Tendency, a group within the Trotskyist Socialist Workers Party which included Grace Lee Boggs and her husband James Boggs. The Johnson-Forest group split from the main current of the Trotskyist left at the beginning of the 1950s, setting up the Correspondence Publishing Committee which produced the newspaper Correspondence.
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From the mid-1930s onwards the ILP also attracted the attention of the Trotskyist movement, and various Trotskyist groups worked within it, notably the Marxist Group, of which C. L. R. James, Denzil Dean Harber and Ted Grant were members. There was also a group of ILP members, the Revolutionary Policy Committee, who were sympathetic to the CPGB and eventually left to join that party. From the late 1930s the ILP had the support of several key figures in the tiny Pan-Africanist movement in Britain, including George Padmore and Chris Braithwaite, as well as left-wing writers such as George Orwell, Reginald Reynolds and Ethel Mannin. In 1939 the ILP wrote to the Labour Party requesting reaffiliation subject to a right to advocate its own policies where it had a "conscientious objection" to Labour policy.
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The first Socialist Outlook was the name of the newspaper published by the Socialist Fellowship from December 1948 until 1954. For much of that period, it was edited by John Lawrence and was formally published by an association of left wing members of the Labour Party. The paper's editorial policy was controlled by a group around Gerry Healy. This Trotskyist group was privately known as The Club.
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The SPGB is vehemently anti-Leninist and protects its identity against the Socialist Party (SPEW), as the Trotskyist Militant group is now known. In propaganda and publicity material, the SPGB often styles itself as The Socialist Party whilst SPEW uses Socialist Party (without the definite article) and contests elections as Socialist Alternative.See for example number 280 of the Weekly Worker, Thursday 18 March 1999. Online version.
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Longtime national secretary Matthew Smith, who had been active in the Amalgamated Engineering Union in England, refused to obtain U.S. citizenship, telling a U.S. Congress subcommittee: "I'm an internationalist, a citizen of the human race." Another prominent leader was Trotskyist Bert Cochran, who was a district organizer for MESA during the 1930s and 1940s. However, Cochran led several MESA locals out of MESA and into the UAW.
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Fernando Bravo James ([fernan’do ‘braßo xa’mes] Spanish pronunciation)(1912–1962) was a Bolivian politician and militant of POR (Partido Obrero Revolucionario–Revolutionary Workers' Party), a Trotskyist organization.S. Sàndor John, Bolivias Radical Tradition. Permanent Revolution in the Andes, (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2009).Pierre Frank, Fjärde Internationalen -ett bidrag till den trotskistiska rörelsens historia, swedish translation Sven Vahlne (La Quatrième International), (Göteborg: Partisanförlag, 1972), pp. 125-135.
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This transcendent simplicity of human affection, toward those who approached him, accompanied him throughout his life." Lucha Obrera points out Fernando's "value as an intellectual and his dynamic and rich activity amidst the masses". Fernando Bravo "was above all a Trotskyist militant. His personality was fused with the organization, the revolutionary process, the flesh and bones of the workers, as he used to say.
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Calderon Fournier is married to Gloria Bejarano Almada, the daughter of Mexican physician and politician, Armando León Bejarano. They have four children: Rafael Ángel, Gloria del Carmen, María Gabriela and Marco Antonio. They also have six grandchildren: Alex, Gloria, Tomás, Felipe, Rafael Ángel and Karolina. Calderon Fournier's eldest sister, Alejandra, a trotskyist leader, died in an accident in 1979, at the age of 25.
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Bramble has been politically active since the late 1970s and was a trade unionist throughout his working life. He is a member of the National Executive of the Trotskyist organisation, Socialist Alternative (SA) and is a regular contributor to SA's publications, including Red Flag and the Marxist Left Review.World capitalism remains in a deep, systemic crisis Socialist Alternative, 28 September 2010. Accessed: 23 October 2010.
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Short and McClelland left the Trotskyist movement soon afterwards, becoming prominent figures in the Australian Labor Party (ALP). Short became national secretary of the union in 1951, defeating the CPA's Ernie Thornton after a bitter legal battle.Daphne Gollan, "The Balmain ironworkers' strike of 1945" in Labour History, 1972, 23–41. Meanwhile, Origlass formed the Labor Socialist Group to pursue an entrist strategy inside the ALP.
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After the split of the trotskyist Ligue Communiste Révolutionnaire (LCR) in 1970 the majority of GSR was renamed in KBL in 1972. In 1972 Kommunistische Gruppe Luxemburg (KGL) split from KBL. In 1975 Kommunistische Organisation Luxemburgs / Marxisten-Leninisten (KOL/ML) broke away but returned in 1978. In 1979 KBL was the driving force behind the electoral Alternativ Lëscht – Wiert Iech which won 0,7 p.c.
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He functioned as Secretary for the International Secretariat of the Fourth International from July 1939. He then moved his base from Paris to Latin America in the early 1940s and pursued his journalistic career. At the same time he promoted his activity with Trotskyist organizations; one such organization was the Fourth International. During the German occupation of France he was asked to quit France.
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The Ligue trotskyste de France is a French Trotskyist group. It is a section of the International Communist League (Fourth Internationalist) or "Spartacist" tendency. The LTF was founded in the mid 1970s, reportedly after members of the Spartacist League (US) started proslytizating in France. The LTF campaigned against the Union of the Left during the 1978 French legislative election, considering the coalition a popular front.
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Robert Jackson "Bob" Alexander (November 26, 1918 – April 27, 2010) was an American political activist, writer, and academic who spent most of his professional career at Rutgers University. He is best remembered for his pioneering studies on the trade union movement in Latin America and dissident communist political parties, including ground-breaking monographs on the International Communist Right Opposition, Maoism, and the international Trotskyist movement.
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Robert Clay was educated at Bedford School and Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Unusually for a man of his background, he went on to become a bus driver, working for Tyne and Wear PTE from 1975 to 1983. Clay first joined Labour as a teenager, but left to join the Trotskyist group International Socialists. He became a union shop steward in the 1980s and rejoined Labour.
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Credited with having developed the Trotskyist critique of Stalinism as "bureaucratic centrism", Rakovsky was subject to internal exile. Submitting to Stalin's leadership in 1934 and being briefly reinstated, he was nonetheless implicated in the Trial of the Twenty One (part of the Moscow Trials), imprisoned, and executed by the NKVD during World War II. He was rehabilitated in 1988, during the Soviet Glasnost period.
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The founding of the CCF was not without controversy. Many leftists, such as Dwight Macdonald, believed the CCF was not sufficiently leftist, and formed a splinter Trotskyist group with similar aims called the League for Cultural Freedom and Socialism.Cooney, The Rise of The New York Intellectuals: 'Partisan Review' and Its Circle, 2004, p. 143. The CCF was criticized by mainstream liberal intellectuals and groups as well.
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Battersby was a Trotskyist for some years,Sanjiv Bhattacharya "Kate Beckinsale", GQ Magazine, February 2006, as reproduced on Bhattacharya's website. becoming a full-time organiser for the now defunct Workers Revolutionary Party.Stephen Lacey Tony Garnett, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2007, p.76 The association had ended by 1981,Roy Battersby Obituary: Nicholas Palmer, The Independent, but the connection led to his being blacklisted by the BBC.
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The Socialist Workers Party (SWP) is a far-left political party in the United Kingdom. Founded as the Socialist Review Group by supporters of Tony Cliff in 1950, it became the International Socialists in 1962 and the SWP in 1977. The party considers itself to be Trotskyist. Cliff and his followers criticised the Soviet Union and its satellites, calling them state capitalist rather than socialist countries.
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Its first secretary was Isachar (Oskar) Artuski (birth name: Eichenbaum/Aykhenboym, 1903 or 1908-1971), a former Polish Communist who had joined the Bund in 1935. He was also the founder and first editor of Lebns Fragn (see below) and a correspondent of an American Trotskyist magazine “Labor Action”. Since 2006 the present secretary has been Josef Fraind, who immigrated to Israel from Warsaw in 1952.
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In 1954, Mestre walked out of the Fourth Congress of the Fourth International, along with Corvin and a small group of supporters. They soon joined the French Communist Party (PCF), where they formed a "Revolutionary Tendency". Within the PCF, she renounced Trotskyism and helped uncover some Trotskyist entrists. After the Sino-Soviet Split, Mestre and Corvin were the first to distribute Maoist literature in France.
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In 1938, he published the confiscated Turpituda, illustrated by Krsto Hegedušić. He started the literary magazine Pečat (Seal) in 1939 with Miroslav Krleža, Krsto Hegedušić, Vaso Bogdanov and Zvonimir Richtmann. In 1939, Ristić was denounced by Josip Broz Tito as "intimate friend of the Paris Trotskyist and bourgeois degenerate person Breton" and for his goal of wanting to "enrich and complement" Marxism with Surrealism.
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Revolutionary Socialist Alternative () was a Trotskyist political party in Bolivia. It was affiliated to the Committee for a Workers' International (CWI). It produced the newspaper La Voz Obrera (Workers' Voice). It was based in Cochabamba, providing an information board in the central plaza and had organised the People’s Plaza Defense Committee to defend social movements in the city against attacks by right-wing thugs.
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Morgan, My Histories (2015) p 86. Morgan tells of the downside as well: : But the Marxist – or sometimes Trotskyist – emphasis in Labour studies was too often doctrinaire and intolerant of non-Marxist dissent–it was also too often plain wrong, distorting the evidence within a narrow doctrinaire framework. I felt it incumbent upon me to help rescue it. But this was not always fun.
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In 1996, Workers Vanguard editor Jan Norden and other founders of the League for the Fourth International were expelled, allegedly for maneuvering with a group from Brazil involved in bringing court suit against a trade union. The Australian section of the Spartacist League, which had previously been involved in IBT events, split again in 2005, with one member leaving to found the Trotskyist Platform.
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At the PCF's Lille Congress in July 1926 he became a member of the Central Committee. He was very active in promoting the party in meetings throughout the region, fighting Trotskyist influences and praising the example of the Soviet Union. Frachon ran unsuccessfully in the national elections in April 1928 as candidate of the Workers and Peasants Bloc for the 3rd district of Lyon.
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He spent some months as a machine gun instructor. When he returned to the battalion the next summer he contracted typhoid, was again wounded at Quinto in August 1937 and was repatriated in October. His later book English Captain is based on these experiences. In 1938, the Communist Party condemned Kitty Bowler as a Trotskyist spy but he refused to leave her: he quit the party instead.
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Her uncle Ross Dowson ran for Mayor of Toronto after the war on a Trotskyist platform. Her aunts Lois and Joyce Dowson co-founded the Ontario chapter of the Canadian Hemophilia Society in the 1950s after Joyce, married to sculptor Joe Rosenthal, discovered that their son, Ronald Rosenthal, had hemophilia. Lois and Joyce were also leading pro choice activists, and supporters of Henry Morgentaler.
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The Committee for Another Policy (Comité voor een Andere Politiek) is a bilingual left wing political movement, consisting of trade union militants, and political militants of communist, Trotskyist and socialist origin. It was formed in 2006 as a reaction to the more centrist course of the SP.a. Former SP.a-representative Jef Sleeckx is one of the co-founders. These elections were the first the movement participated in.
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Ernest Rogers (1914–2004) was a Trotskyist activist based in Glasgow, Coventry and London during the twentieth century. Towards the end of his life he was known as the last living Oehlerite. Rogers was born in 1914 in Glasgow to a Scottish mother and a father of Jewish and Gypsy ancestry. His mother became a music-hall dancer, meeting Charlie Chaplin and his half brother, Sid.
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Workers' Struggle ( ) is the name by which the French Trotskyist political party Communist Union () is usually known, after the name of its weekly paper. Arlette Laguiller has been its spokeswoman since 1973 and ran in each presidential election until 2012, when Nathalie Arthaud was the candidate. Robert Barcia (Hardy) was its founder and central leader. Lutte Ouvrière is a member of the Internationalist Communist Union.
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These were the first left-wing urban guerrilla actions in Argentina. Beside these isolated actions, the Cordobazo uprising of 1969, called forth by the CGT de los Argentinos, and its Cordobese leader, Agustín Tosco, prompted demonstrations in the entire country. The same year, the People's Revolutionary Army (ERP) was formed as the military branch of the Trotskyist Workers' Revolutionary Party, leading an armed struggle against the dictatorship.
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Harry Selby (18 May 1913 – 8 January 1984) was a Scottish politician. A barber by trade, based in Glasgow, he became an active Trotskyist, joining the Revolutionary Socialist League. When this disintegrated, he became a leading figure in the Left Fraction. This group followed a strict policy of entryism in the Labour Party, and although Selby was briefly expelled in the mid-1940s, he was soon readmitted.
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Initially, Camejo was a member of the Socialist Workers Party (SWP), a Trotskyist party. As a branch organizer, he sought to reorient the SWP towards the student movement. Camejo's first political campaign on behalf of the SWP came in 1967 when as a 27-year old he ran for mayor Berkeley, California."SWP Slate Files in California Contest," The Militant, vol. 31, no. 3 (Jan.
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John Callaghan likewise focuses his The Far Left in British Politics on the five largest Marxist organisations, namely the 'official' Communist Party and the four most influential Trotskyist groups. However, Evan Smith in Against the Grain: The British Far Left from 1956, uses the term 'far left' "to encompass all of the political currents to the left of the Labour Party," including "anarchist groups".
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Robert Jackson Alexander, International Trotskyism, 1929-1985, pp.523-524 In 1960, the party decided to undertake mass entrism in the Revolutionary Communist Party of India (Kumar). They became a majority of the organisation, but it did not adopt distinctively Trotskyist positions. During the Sino-Indian War of 1962, the party gave its support to the Indian Army, leading most of the RWP members to resign.
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The Socialist Workers Party (SWP) was a Trotskyist political party in India. The party was established in 1965 by activists, mostly in Mumbai. These included two former leading members of the Revolutionary Workers Party: S. B. Kolpe, who became editor of the party journal, Marxist Outlook, and Murlidhar Parija, who became the party's general secretary. It aligned itself with the United Secretariat of the Fourth International.
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In 2018, PCO supported the bid of Luís Inácio Lula da Silva (PT), Fernando Haddad (PT) and Manuela D'Ávilla (PCdoB) informally and critically, refusing the invitation to compose the colligation (PT, PCdoB and PROS) officially. In 2020, PCO members organize movements favorables to the deposition of Jair Bolsonaro, even with the social isolation. Currently, the PCO maintains the same Trotskyist policies of its foundation.
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He joined the Trotskyist Revolutionary Workers League. In 1940, he joined the Polish Army in Scotland, but was interned as a dangerous subversive. Released in 1942, he joined the staff of The Economist and became its expert on Soviet affairs and military issues, and its chief European correspondent. He also wrote for The Observer as a roving European correspondent under the pen-name "Peregrine".
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He focused particularly on the tendency of Trotskyist sects and the Maoist Workers' Institute of Marxism–Leninism – Mao Zedong Thought group to factionalism and split as well as their propensity to entertain millenarian ideas of social change. Subsequent work explored the role of organizational culture in the perception and management of environmental, technological and health risks as well as the political culture of climate change.
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Alain Krivine in 2005 Alain Krivine (; born 10 July 1941 in Paris) is a French Trotskyist leader. He is a member of the Ligue communiste révolutionnaire (LCR), which is the French section of the reunified Fourth International. He was a member of the LCR's political bureau until March 2006, when he resigned from that committee. He was a member of the European Parliament from 1999 to 2004.
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255 However, from 1936 the lengthening shadow of the Moscow Trials (obliging the Party loyalists to denounce their Trotskyist colleagues as "twin brothers of fascism"), and the failure of the Communist Party- supported Popular Front government in France to deliver on promises of colonial reform, ensured a split.Frank N. Trager (ed.). Marxism in Southeast Asia; A Study of Four Countries. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1959. p.
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The Revolutionary Workers' Party () is a Russian Trotskyist organisation established in 1999. From 2002 to 2011 there were two active organisations called the 'Revolutionary Workers' Party'. In April 2011, activists from one of the two, centred in Perm, merged their organisation into the Russian Socialist Movement. In May 2019 part of the RWP split and merged into the International Marxist Tendency, naming themselves Marxist Tendency.
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Workers' Revolutionary Party (in Spanish: Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores) is a trotskyist political party in Peru founded in 1978 by a fraction of PST, FIR(IV) and FIR(Combate). Its founding leaders included Hugo Blanco, Hipólito Enríquez, Raúl Castro Vera and Nicolás Lucar. It participated in the general elections 1980 and the municipal elections 1980 and 1983. PRT is currently led by Raúl Castro Vera.
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Solidarity was a small libertarian socialist organisation from 1960 to 1992 in the United Kingdom. It published a magazine of the same name. Solidarity was close to council communism in its prescriptions and was known for its emphasis on workers' self-organisation and for its radical anti- Leninism. Solidarity was founded in 1960 by a small group of expelled members of the Trotskyist Socialist Labour League.
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Socialist Workers Party (in Spanish: Partido Socialista de los Trabajadores, or PST) is a trotskyist political party in Peru founded in 1971 by a group of dissidents of the Revolutionary Left Front (FIR). The group was led by Hugo Blanco and Enrique Fernández Chacón. In 1978, PST founded FOCEP together with other groups. In the same year it contested elections on the lists of FOCEP.
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The Revolutionary Workers Party, Partido Obrero Revolucionario (POR), was the first Trotskyist political party in Peru. Originally known as the Marxist Workers Group, it changed its name in 1946. Early leaders included Francisco Zevallos, Leoncio Bueno and Francisco Abril de Vivero. In 1952, Manuel A. Odría jailed or exiled the leadership of the group, which remained largely inactive until he stepped down in 1956.
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Socialist Alternative Future (, SAB) is a Trotskyist political party in the Czech Republic, founded in 1990 by students active in the events of the Velvet Revolution. It affiliated to the International Socialist Alternative in 1994.Trotskyism in the Czech Republic with Emphasis on Development since 2000, Charles University in Prague thesis repository.Štorkánová, Lucie (2014), Trockismus v České republice s důrazem na vývoj po roce 2000.
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At the time of the split, the RSL took 100 of the IS's 300 members. The expelled group, now styling itself the Revolutionary Socialist League, adopted generally orthodox Trotskyist positions based on the transitional program including permanent revolution, opposition to popular fronts and the need for a Fourth International. This last position cost them unity with the Class Struggle League, who advocated a Fifth International.
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In 1939, he underwent some fundamental transformations in political thinking, social behaviour and personal habits. He became radicalized and labelled himself a Trotskyist. Ferguson would go on to translate, among other writings, Trotsky's Nationalized Industry and Workers' Management (written in 1938). Cannon and Morrow with Ferguson's Trotsky-bust He left New Orleans, where he had married his third wife, Demila Sanders, and moved to Gambier, Ohio.
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After spending time as a faction inside both the Workers Party and the Socialist Workers Party, the Johnson-Forest Tendency broke with the Trotskyist left. By early 1951, it had renamed itself Correspondence Publishing Committee. It first published a newspaper, also known as Correspondence, in November 1951 and analysed a wildcat miners' strike in West Virginia in the first issue. The newspapers' cartoons have drawn critical acclaim.
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Orphaned during the First World War, Nadeau attended the à l'École normale supérieure de Saint-Cloud, where he discovered politics. In 1930 he joined the French Communist Party, where he worked in Georges Cogniot. He was expelled from the party in 1932. He then read Lenin and Leon Trotsky, which inspired him to join the Ligue Communiste, a Trotskyist party created by Pierre Naville.
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A large percentage of the SPA's youth organization, the Young People's Socialist League left with the expelled Left Wing. (Those expelled had organized a "Federation of NY Left Wing Branches" of the SP and published a Trotskyist edited journal, Socialist Appeal. This became the Socialist Workers Party paper for a number of years after its founding.) James Cannon was noted to have said that when the Trotskyist were expelled from the Socialist Party that, "they had expelled the heart of their party; Trotsky had won over all the serious young activists, leaving only a dead husk" In the summer of 1937, Cannon returned to New York from California, where he conducted organizational activities which led to the formation of the Socialist Workers Party at a convention held from December 31, 1937 to January 3, 1938. Jim Cannon was elected as the group's first National Secretary.
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The split emerged in the late 1930s, this time over the question of the class nature of the Soviet Union with MacDonald siding with Shachtman in his split from the International in 1940. Macdonald died of a sudden heart attack on 7 November 1941 as he was recovering from an earlier, unspecified operation. His short obituary was published in the short- lived Trotskyist paper Labor Challenge in 1941.
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In 1933, Muste's CPLA took the step of establishing itself as the core of a new political organization, the American Workers Party, which was informally referred to as "Musteite" by its contemporaries. The AWP then merged with the Trotskyist Communist League of America in 1934 to establish the Workers Party of the United States. Muste meanwhile remained a labor activist and led the victorious Toledo Auto-Lite strike in 1934.
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Through him his mother Gertie was recruited, and then his brothers Arthur and Brian, who also played an important role in the Trotskyist movement. In 1939, with growing fragmentation within the Militant Group, Gerry Healy a member of an earlier breakaway from that group, the Workers International League (WIL) formed in 1937, was able to recruit the Deanes, along with Eric Brewer, Tommy Birchall and Harry Matthews to the new group.
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Danilov, debated and answered to criticism made against him in numerous papers and articles. His bitter enemy was Yevgeny Polivanov whom he accused of adopting an anti-proletarian position because he defended the position of indoeuropean studies. Polivanov was defined by Danilov, as a Trotskyist and a defiant. However, the arguments provided by Danilov to disprove the thesis of Polivanov were unclear and confusing and sometimes even contradictory.
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Breitman returned to Newark in 1935 and joined the Trotskyist movement as a member of the Spartacus Youth League, the youth section of the Workers Party of the United States (WPUS).Lubitz and Lubitz, "George Breitman," p. 2. He joined the adult WPUS that same year.George Breitman, "Answers to Questions," in The Founding of the Socialist Workers Party: Minutes and Resolutions, 1938-39. New York: Monad Press, 1982; p. 17.
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During the 1990s the ICS declined. A number of factors were involved. The ICS had talented activists, who however often could not work as a team. Secondly, two styles of work repeatedly clashed—one led by Magan Desai, for whom party work meant taking "basic" Trotskyist ideas and texts and formulae into every struggle, and others like Vanaik, Rohit Prajapati, and others, for whom mass movement participation was crucial.
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It grew rapidly during the May 1968 student demonstrations, but was banned alongside other far left groups, such as the Gauche prolétarienne (Proletarian Left). Members temporarily reconstituted the group as the Trotskyist Organisation, but soon obtained a state order permitting the reformation of the OCI. By 1970, the OCI was able to organise a 10,000-strong youth rally. The group also gained a strong base in trade unions.
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He was doomed to defeat because his ideas were incorrect and failed to conform to objective conditions, as well as the needs and interests of the Soviet people. Other figures associated with Marxism-Leninism criticized Trotskyist political theory, including Régis Debray and Earl Browder. Polish philosopher Leszek Kołakowski wrote: "Both Trotsky and Bukharin were emphatic in their assurances that forced labour was an organic part of the new society."Kołakowski, Leszek.
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In 1936, he was arrested during the Stalinist purges and sentenced to death on 3 October 1937 for organizing a Trotskyist-terrorist group in the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR, and was shot.Ulla Plener, Natalia Mussienko (Hrsg): Verurteilt zur Höchststrafe: Tod durch Erschießen. Todesopfer aus Deutschland und deutscher Nationalität im Großen Terror in der Sowjetunion 1937/1938. Reihe: Texte/Rosa- Luxemburg-Stiftung, Bd. 27.
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The Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament briefly gained leverage over Labour Party policy at the beginning of the decade, but soon went into a long eclipse. The Vietnam War, given lukewarm support by Harold Wilson, radicalised a new generation. Significant anti-war protests were organised. Trotskyist groups like the International Marxist Group and the Vietnam Solidarity Campaign came to prominence, particularly due to high- profile members like the IMG's Tariq Ali.
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Plans for a merger stalled, as the Rode Vlag-group maintained that it was still possible to convert CPN into a revolutionary party. In March 1965 MLC changed its name to Marxist-Leninist Centre of the Netherlands (Marxistisch Leninistisch Centrum Nederland). The name of Spartacus changed to Rode Tribune, possibly since the name Spartacus seen to have Trotskyist connotations. By this time, the group had attracted a few more members.
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MacLeod was born in Stornoway, Scotland on 2 August 1954. He graduated from Glasgow University with a degree in zoology and has worked as a computer programmer and written a masters thesis on biomechanics. He was a Trotskyist activist in the 1970s and early 1980s and is married and has two children. He lived in South Queensferry near Edinburgh before moving to Gourock, on the Firth of Clyde, in June 2017.
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However, his political viewpoint was changed during the Great Depression in the 1930s. Seeing the plight of workers in that situation (including himself), he became politically radicalized to the left. In 1933, while working for the Pittsburgh Coal Company in Minneapolis, Dobbs joined the Teamsters. After getting to know the three Trotskyist Dunne brothers, (Miles, Vincent and Grant Dunne) and Swedish socialist Carl Skoglund, he joined the Communist League of America.
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History of American Trotskyism, 1928–38: Report of a Participant is a biographical book written by the Communist James P. Cannon, founder and leader of the Socialist Workers Party. The book is based on twelve speeches given by Cannon in 1942 explaining about his expulsion from the Communist Party USA as a Trotskyist in 1928 and the efforts to build a new, non-Stalinist communist movement in the United States.
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Retrieved 22 September 2020 – via the Socialist History Project. Today, many Trotskyist groups advocate revolutionary socialism as opposed to reformism and consider themselves to be revolutionary socialists. The Committee for a Workers International states that "[w]e campaign for new workers' parties and for them to adopt a socialist programme. At the same time, the CWI builds support for the ideas of revolutionary socialism".. Committee for a Workers International. .
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Robert Sheldon Harte (1915 – 24 May 1940) was an American Communist who worked as one of Leon Trotsky’s assistants and bodyguards in Coyoacán, Mexico. During the Stalinist attack against Trotsky’s household on 24 May 1940, Harte was abducted and later murdered by the Stalinist agents. Harte was 25 years old when he offered his services as a guard to the Trotsky household. He replaced the American Trotskyist, Alexander Buchman.
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The Workers Party of South Africa (WPSA) was the first Trotskyist organisation in South Africa to have a national base. It published a regular newspaper, Spark. The party was founded in 1935 by the majority of the Cape Town-based Lenin Club and the Johannesburg-based Bolshevik-Leninist League of South Africa. Founding members included Isaac Bangani Tabata, Dora Taylor, Ralph Lee and Isaac Blank (later known as Ted Grant).
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Novoe vremya. 29 August 2016 has discovered the conspiracy, due to the fact that they (NKVD) had no relations to the case. This would have led to inevitable conclusion about unprofessionalism of the NKVD leaders who completely missed the existence of the conspiratorial Trotskyist center. In June 1936, Yagoda reiterated his belief to Stalin that there was no link between Trotsky and Zinoviev, but Stalin promptly rebuked him.
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Morris Slavin (1913-2006) was a scholar of the French Revolution, a Marxist historian, and an early American Trotskyist activist between the 1930s and 1950s. Slavin was born in Kiev but lived primarily in Youngstown, Ohio. Slavin taught for many years at Youngstown State University and his books made a significant contribution to the understanding of the French Revolution in the "history from below" style established by Albert Soboul.
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Serge returned to the Soviet Union in 1925. Soon after his arrival Zinoviev and Lev Kamenev, members of the ruling troika alongside Stalin, reconciled with Trotsky, and the United Opposition was formed. Serge was generally supportive of the United Opposition, despite continued disagreements on economic and other matters between its Trotskyist and "Zinovievist" members. Meanwhile, Serge moved to Leningrad (the former Petrograd), where he was actively involved in Opposition groups.
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Lanka Sama Samaja Party (Revolutionary) was a Trotskyist political party in Sri Lanka. LSSP(R) was formed in 1964 when the Lanka Sama Samaja Party was expelled from the Fourth International. LSSP(R) was constituted by the ideological hardliners who opposed LSSP joining the national government and wanted to preserve the bonds to the Fourth International. The United Secretariat recognised it as the Sri Lanka section of the Fourth International.
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Ervin, W E, Tomorrow is Ours: The Trotskyist Movement in India and Ceylon, 1935-48, Colombo, Social Scientists Association, 2006. The objective was ultimately for the British expulsion from India. Their efforts to direct the Quit India disruption into a revolutionary one brought significant reprisals, with members forced into hiding. In Calcutta the BLPI joined a United Front with the Congress Socialist Party, the Revolutionary Socialist Party and the Forward Bloc.
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He took his brother, Ross Dowson, to some Trotskyist meetings, after which Ross also decided to join. Several other members of the Dowson family were also recruited to Trotskyism. The group was banned at the start of World War II, and many of its established leaders left politics. With his brother, Murray maintained an underground newspaper, and this gave them the impetus to found the Revolutionary Workers Party (RWP).
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Mark Zborowski (January 27, 1908 - April 30, 1990) (AKA "Marc" Zborowski or Etienne) was an anthropologist and an NKVD agent (Venona codenames TULIP and KANT"Cover Name Changes", Venona Message #1251, dated 2 September 1944 , VENONA Documents (Release 1), at www.nsa.gov (Accessed 9 February 2013)). He was the NKVD's most valuable mole inside the Trotskyist organization in Paris during the 1930s and in New York during the 1940s.
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Meanwhile, Etienne played a small but significant role in the plot to assassinate Trotsky. At the founding conference of the Fourth International in Paris in September 1938, Etienne introduced his friend Sylvia Ageloff, an American Trotskyist and interpreter, to Ramón Mercader, the future assassin of Trotsky. The passionate Mercader seduced the unattractive twenty-eight-year-old woman. She blindly followed him to Mexico and infiltrated him into Trotsky's household.
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He tells of his childhood in Uman and the social downfall of his middle-class parents. His family left Russia for Poland (first Lvov, then Łódź), then how he himself left for France in 1928 with wife Regina. Communists recruited him while he worked as a busboy in Grenoble. In Paris, his quietude and acquiescence won him constant use and confidence among new Lev Sedov and Trotskyist comrades in Paris.
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Born in Kitzbühel in 1944, he spent his childhood in Essen. Jörg Friedrich became a Trotskyist and, during the Vietnam war, an antiwar protester. Following thereon, he began to write books on the history of the war in Germany and work as an independent historian, researching postwar justice and the Nuremberg Trials. His books have always been controversial and have largely sold through this controversial analysis and the publicity surrounding them.
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In 1940, Binet was taken as a prisoner-of-war by the Germans for a time, then liberated. Whilst held in a prisoner camp, he moved from his anti-Stalinist stance to become a supporter of Nazism, serving as a staff sergeant in the SS Charlemagne Division from 1944. In 1943, the Comité Communiste Internationaliste published a "warning" about Binet, dismissing him as a traitor to the Trotskyist cause.
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Pablo continued with his revolutionary politics, and organized the Revolutionary Marxist Tendency and the International Revolutionary Marxist Tendency based in France. These were not however serious competitors to the larger Trotskyist groups. The sections of the IRMT rejoined the reunified Fourth International in 1994 and 1995, although the agreement was not applied in Pablo's individual case. Unusually for a revolutionary, his funeral was a state event in his native Greece.
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In 1967, the PCI renamed itself the "Internationalist Communist Organisation". It grew rapidly during the May 1968 student demonstrations, but was banned alongside other far left groups, such as the Gauche prolétarienne (Proletarian Left). Members temporarily reconstituted the group as the Trotskyist Organisation, but soon obtained a state order permitting the reformation of the OCI. By 1970, the OCI was able to organise a 10,000-strong youth rally.
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Reiss had a train ticket to visit Sneevliet when he (Reiss) was assassinated in Lausanne, Switzerland, in 1937. In 1938 Sneevliet and the RSP ultimately refused to join this new international organization, however, thereby breaking with the Trotskyist movement. Instead the RSP became a part of the International Bureau of Revolutionary Socialist Unity along with the Independent Labour Party (Britain) and the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (POUM) of Spain.
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Henry Thomas William Sara (14 August 1886, Islington – 1953) was an English industrial unionist active as an anarchist, communist and Trotskyist. Sara was born into a working-class family: his father, John Sara, was a draper's assistant. Henry's first jobs included being a glass blower, a process block maker and a brewery engineer. He was an omnivorous reader, and had a particular interest in Darwinism and the novels of Eugene Sue.
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The Socialist Union of America, also called American Socialist Union, Socialist Union or Cochranites were a Trotskyist group that split from the Socialist Workers Party in 1953 and disbanded in 1959. It included most of the SWPs trade union base, as well as others sympathetic to the "Pabloist" line of the International Secretariat of the Fourth International, though it was never recognized as a section of the ISFI.
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Peduru Hewage William de Silva (8 December 1908 – 30 July 1988) was a 20th- century Marxist/Trotskyist Sri Lankan politician.Glossary of People: de Silva, P.H. William (1908–1988), Marxists Internet Archive. P. H. William de Silva was born at Kahatapitiya in Batapola, Ambalangoda, Ceylon, to a wealthy land- owning family.W. T. A. Leslie Fernando, William de Silva revolutionised Industry and fisheries, Features, The Island Online, Sri Lanka, 2009.
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Yelisey Ivanovich Goryachev (1892 – December 12, 1938) was a Soviet Komkor (corps commander). He fought in the Imperial Russian Army in World War I before going over to the Bolsheviks. He was a recipient of the Order of the Red Banner. During the Great Purge, he was one of the military judges in the Case of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization of Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky on June 11, 1937.
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Workers Party (Marxist–Leninist) (in Spanish: Partido Obrero (Marxista- Leninista)) was a Trotskyist political party in Panama. PO(M-L) was founded in 1934 by Diógenes de la Rosa. For a brief period PO(M-L) was able to compete with the Communist Party over influence in the trade union movement, the tenants movement and other mass movements. PO(M-L) struggled against the U.S. hegemony over Panama.
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The October Group grew rapidly and began publishing a newspaper, Le Militant. This was suppressed by the colonial government in 1937 for supporting strikes. As a result, they again began publishing October, along with a new newspaper, Tia Sang, which in 1939 became a daily - perhaps the world's first daily Trotskyist newspaper. With the outbreak of World War II, the leading figures in the group were arrested and the organisation banned.
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The Committee for Another Policy (Comité pour une Autre Politique) was a bilingual left wing political movement, consisting of trade union militants, and political militants of communist, Trotskyist and socialist origin. It was formed in 2006 as a reaction to the more centrist course of the PS and the SP.a. Former FGTB-chairman Georges Debunne was one of the co-founders. These elections were the first the movement participated in.
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The organisation was founded by the International Marxist Tendency's Alan Woods, a Welsh Trotskyist and political writer, who wrote an appeal,Original HoV appeal, (link), URL accessed 27 July 2006 calling for "defense of the revolutionary process in Venezuela" and to defend the Bolivarian Revolution, to oppose US intervention in Venezuela, and to ensure that information about what was happening in Venezuela would reach the international labour movement.
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An ongoing issue is the possibility and conditions of cooperation with fellow Trotskyist party the Ligue Communiste Révolutionnaire, the French section of the Fourth International. In 1970, LO initiated fusion discussions with the LC (as the LCR was then called). After extensive discussions, the two organisations had agreed the basis for a fused organisation. However, the fusion was not completed. In 1976 discussions between the Ligue and Lutte Ouvrière progressed again.
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Corriente Roja (Red Current or Red Stream in English language. CR) is a Spanish trotskyist political organization, adhering to the International Workers League – Fourth International in 2012. CR defends and supports social struggles, class independence and political gains of the working class in order to establish a republic of workers. CR proposes the construction of a socialist economy, based on workers' democracy and the traditions of the alternative labor movement.
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Because of an adverse distribution of preferences (see Australian electoral system), neither Garrett nor Melzer was elected. However, Western Australian peace activist Jo Vallentine was elected to the Senate. In April 1985, Vallentine, Garrett and Melzer, along with 30 other members, walked out of the national conference in Melbourne and resigned from the NDP, claiming that the party had been taken over by the Socialist Workers Party (SWP), a Trotskyist group.
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Bilbao's wedding, 1913 Esteban Martín Higinio de Bilbao Eguíanot to be confused with a contemporary Basque trotskyist, Esteban Bilbao (?-1954), see marxist.org service available here was born to a Basque mid-range bourgeoisie family. His paternal grandfather, Manuel Bilbao, ran a merchant business in his native town of Guernica (Biscay province);see the official service of Spanish senate, available here one of his sons became a presbyter,El Siglo Futuro 07.06.
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Several small groups split from the Japanese Communist Party (JCP) following the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. They attended a congress in 1957 and agreed to unite as the JRCL. Although Japan had no history of Trotskyist organisations, they affiliated with the International Secretariat of the Fourth International, while also making contact with the U.S. Socialist Workers Party.Robert Jackson Alexander, "International Trotskyism, 1929-1985: a documented analysis of the movement", pp.
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Introduction to Japan Revolutionary Communist League The remainder of the party instead attempted entrism within the Japan Socialist Party. This continued until 1968, when the group re-established itself openly, after it had gained members during anti-Vietnam War protests. It remained part of the international Trotskyist movement, becoming part of the Fourth International (FI). The party increasingly turned to work in the trade unions, with some success.
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Bernard Soysa was born 20 March 1914 in Colombo, Ceylon. He attended the Holy Family Convent, Bambalapitiya, S. Thomas' College, Mount Lavinia and then Ananda College. Soysa joined the Samasamajist movement in 1937 whilst he was a student at University College, Colombo. He dropped out of the University College, and after brief stints at Ceylon Law College and teaching he joined the Lanka Sama Samaja Party, a Trotskyist political party.
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As a section of the Committee for a Workers' International it has a Trotskyist analysis which rejects Stalinism as well the cultural revolution approach of Maoism. It also rejects social democracy, which it believes has become bourgeois. The SLP defines itself as a young, revolutionary pro-labour party. In 2001, the party stood in elections in Vienna and received 100 voters, 0.01% of the vote in communal elections of 2001.
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Drawing of Albert Weisbord used in the Communist Press, 1926. Probably drawn by Hugo Gellert. Albert Weisbord (1900–1977) was an American political activist and union organizer. He is best remembered, along his wife Vera Buch, as one of the primary union organizers of the seminal 1926 Passaic Textile Strike and as the founder of a small Trotskyist political organization of the 1930s called the Communist League of Struggle.
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One was murdered by organized crime figures. One was killed by a mentally ill union organizer, and one committed suicide. Tobin trusted the local in 1941 and ejected the remaining Trotskyist leadership. When the CIO offered the ousted leaders a role in the newly formed United Construction Workers Organizing Committee, Tobin used his influence with the federal government to secure a federal indictment of sedition under the Smith Act.
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He received the Order of the Red Banner twice (1920 and 1921). During the Great Purge, he was one of the judges during the trial of Marshal of the Soviet Union Mikhail Tukhachevsky during the Case of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization in June 1937. Belov was himself arrested on 7 January 1938 and later executed. After the death of Joseph Stalin, he was rehabilitated (exonerated) posthumously in 1955.
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With fewer than one thousand members in 1996, the Socialist Worker's Party (SWP) was the second largest Marxist–Leninist party in the United States.George & Wilcox, p. 113 Formed by supporters of Leon Trotsky, they believed that the Soviet Union and other Communist states remained "worker's states" and should be defended against reactionary forces, although their leadership had sold out the workers. They became members of the Trotskyist Fourth International.
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After his studies, Hall moved to Minneapolis to further the YCL activities there. He was involved in hunger marches, demonstrations on behalf of farmers, and various strikes during the Great Depression. In 1934, Hall was jailed for six months for taking part in the Minneapolis Teamster's Strike, led by Trotskyist Farrell Dobbs. After serving his sentence, Hall was blacklisted and was unable to find work under his original name.
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After college, Schwartz became a member of the Sailors' Union of the Pacific. With others, he founded a small semi-Trotskyist group FOCUS.Alexander, Robert International Trotskyism: a documented analysis of the world movement Durham, Duke University Press 1991 p. 943 In 1985, the S.U.P. commissioned Schwartz to write Brotherhood of the Sea: A History of the Sailors' Union of the Pacific as part of its of 100th anniversary commemoration.
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Landy wrote "To preserve the program is to preserve the number and out right to it". Despite this the RSL never joined any existing Trotskyist international or attempted to organize a new one. Its sole international organizational tie was with the Revolutionary Marxist League of Jamaica. The RSL was active within a few unions, particularly United Auto Workers (UAW) and USW and among Hispanic workers in the Los Angeles ILGWU.
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The League for the Revolutionary Party is a Trotskyist organisation in the United States. The group was founded by a faction of the now defunct Revolutionary Socialist League in 1976. The RSL had in turn split from the International Socialists in 1973. The LRP took from the RSL a strong stress on the need for a Leninist party and coupled this with an emphasis on the general strike tactic.
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She contested the Colombo Municipal Council from the Thimbirigasyaya ward from the United National Party, but was defeated by Bernard Soysa. She was later elected to the Colombo Municipal Council and served as a Municipal Councilor. Kusala Fernando married Hector Abhayavardhana a journalist and Trotskyist in 1959. She contested the 1965 general election from the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP) in the Moratuwa electorate, where she polled second after Ruskin Fernando.
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Claude Lefort (; ; 21 April 1924 – 3 October 2010) was a French philosopher and activist. He was politically active by 1942 under the influence of his tutor, the phenomenologist Maurice Merleau-Ponty (whose posthumous publications Lefort later edited). By 1943 he was organising a faction of the Trotskyist Parti Communiste Internationaliste at the Lycée Henri-IV in Paris. Lefort was impressed by Cornelius Castoriadis when he first met him.
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In 1939, at the age of 25, and already enjoying some success as a portrait painter, she was walking along London's Oxford Street when she saw Ayana Deva Angadi (1903–1993), an aspiring Indian writer and Trotskyist intellectual. She said to a friend: "He's gorgeous. I would really love to paint him." A few weeks later, they met by chance at a political rally, and a relationship developed.
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Documents were transported to Stachel's New York City apartment, where they were examined by top party leaders Jay Lovestone and John Pepper, according to Gitlow. Some of this stolen material was later published in the Daily Worker as part of an organized campaign against the Trotskyist dissidents. Early public meetings under the auspices of the CLA were threatened or broken up by organized groups of supporters of the regular Communist Party.
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Due to a physical altercation between a leading member of the WIL, then in Torrance's WRP, with a leading member of the Workers Press faction of the WRP during the 1986 printers' dispute in Wapping, east London, there was great hostility between the two groups, which did not help in its fledgling steps into the wider labour movement. Even so, two years after its formation, the WIL had recruited Bob Pitt, who was originally a supporter of the Workers Press faction of the WRP. The League also began to have discussions with other small groups, particularly Workers Power and the Revolutionary Internationalist League, and though these discussions did not amount to a merger of these groups, they did help the organisation to mature politically. In March 1991, the WIL fused with the Leninist-Trotskyist Tendency of Belgium and Germany and a group of South African Trotskyists to form the Leninist-Trotskyist Tendency (LTT).
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Conversely, supporters of Socialist Appeal argued that the Labour Party was still based on trade unions and that the Labour Party retained support in the working class. As Labour under Tony Blair embraced the Third Way and moved away from its traditional socialist roots, most Trotskyist tendencies in Britain that employed the tactic of entrism left Labour and either run candidates under their own banner, such as the Socialist Party, or joined electoral coalitions such as the Scottish Socialist Party or the Socialist Alliance. The Socialist Party, along with other left-wing organisations, intiatiated the Campaign for a New Workers' Party in 2006, arguing that trade unions should break with Labour and construct their own political formation. However, supporters of Socialist Appeal have rejected this turn and they are the main Trotskyist group in Britain which maintains the entrist tactic in the 21st century (although the Alliance for Workers Liberty left and then rejoined).
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He has produced first-hand accounts of the 1974-5 revolution in Portugal, the Sandinistas in Nicaragua, the Philippines after the downfall of Ferdinand Marcos, the USSR under Mikhail Gorbachev, and the upheavals against Suharto in Indonesia."Highlights" Marxism 2009. Accessed: July 3, 2009. He is currently a member of the Trotskyist organisation Socialist Alternative, as well as its electoral alliance party Victorian Socialists, and an editor of the online journal Marxist Interventions.
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The International Socialists Botswana (ISBO) is a small Botswanan Trotskyist organisation. It is part of the International Socialist Tendency and produces a newspaper called Socialism from Below. They have campaigned over workers rights, particularly the workers sacked from the Debswana mine (a DeBeers and Government of Botswana partnership). They also support the Basarwa/Bushmen in their resistance against forced relocation by the Botswana Government out of their ancestral land, the Central Kalahari Game Reserve.
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The Revolutionary Socialist League (, RSB) was a small Trotskyist group in Germany. It was formed in 1994 as a split from the Association for Solidarity Perspectives (VsP). The RSB generally considered itself to be more radical than the VsP, and unlike the VsP it is very critical of the Left Party. Along with the International Socialist Left, the RSB was one of the two factions which form the German section of the Fourth International.
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The POR led forces that sought to keep the assembly independent of Torres. After Torres' overthrow, Lora and other POR leaders went into exile. In 1988 Lora's POR founded the Liaison Committee for the Reconstruction of the Fourth International together with other Latin American trotskyists. The wing of the POR led by González Moscoso, which remained the official affiliate of the Trotskyist Fourth International, turned to the idea of armed insurrection against the government.
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Browder was charged with contempt of Congress, but Judge F. Dickinson Letts ordered his acquittal because he felt the committee had not acted legally. Browder was never prosecuted for his perjury before the committee nor for his spying on behalf of the Soviet Union. In March 1950, Browder shared a platform with Max Shachtman, the dissident Trotskyist, in which the pair debated Socialism. Browder defended the Soviet Union while Shachtman acted as a prosecutor.
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The Thesis of Pulacayo (Tesis de Pulacayo) was an important document in the Bolivian and Latin American labor movement. It was adopted at the request of the delegation of Llallaguaga in the Congreso de la Federación Sindical de Trabajadores Mineros de Bolivia (FSTMB), which met in November 1946 in the city of Pulacayo. The thesis is based on the Trotskyist conception of permanent revolution and on the Transitional Program of the Fourth International.
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The first edition was sold out before delivery, and was translated into other languages. The Alternative sparked debate in the West European left about the nature of socialism. For Herbert Marcuse, Bahro's book was "the most important contribution to Marxist theory and practice that has appeared in recent decades"; a similar view was expressed by the Trotskyist Ernest Mandel. To Lawrence Krader, Bahro was the "conscience of the revolution, the strength of the truth".
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The second was a Trotskyist group in West Germany, formed in 1968 by the International Communists of Germany (IKD) and a faction of the Socialist German Student League (SDS). The GIM served as the German section of the reunified Fourth International. In the 1950s, the IKD had entered the Independent Workers' Party (UAP) and later the Social Democratic Party (SPD). The group was involved in the Extraparliamentary Opposition (APO) movement through the early 1970s.
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Socialist Convergence (, CS) was a Trotskyist organization in Mexico. It was founded in 1996 by the group formerly known as the Revolutionary Workers' Party, or PRT. It used to be a sympathizing organization of the reunified Fourth International. The CS's goal was to reestablish itself as a recognized national party, and in early 2004 it became a founding member of an electoral alliance called the Socialist Alliance, but the CS dissolved in 2009.
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The Proletarian Military Policy was a policy adopted by the Fourth International in response to World War II. It was an attempt to apply transitional demands such as trade union control of military training and the election of officers to transform what it characterised as an imperialist war into a revolutionary struggle against Nazism. The policy provoked controversy within the Trotskyist movement with some seeing it as a concession to social patriotism.
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The Fourth International (FI), founded in 1938, is a Trotskyist international. In 1963, following a ten-year schism, the majorities of the two public factions of the Fourth International, the International Secretariat and the International Committee, reunited, electing a United Secretariat of the Fourth International. In 2003, the United Secretariat was replaced by an Executive Bureau and an International Committee, although some other Trotskyists still refer to the organisation as the USFI or USec.
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In addition to his far-left-wing base of syndicalists and Workers' Party militants, Schivardi was supported by some mayors affiliated of the Socialist Party, French Communist Party, Union for a Popular Movement or Union for French Democracy, who don't support the communal policy of their parties. Schivardi's official site and documentation said that he was supported by the Workers' Party, but he denied being a member of that party, or a trotskyist.
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The group was influenced by the Italian Lotta Continua group.David Widgery The Left In Britain, 1956-1968 Penguin,1976 (p. 479) The group published a magazine, Big Flame; and a journal, Revolutionary Socialism.John Moorhouse, A Historical Glossary of British Marxism (Pauper's Press, 1987) Members were active at the Ford plants at Halewood and Dagenham and devoted a great deal of time to self-analysis and considering their relationship with the larger Trotskyist groups.
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While working as a machinist in the mines, he was made aware of the desperate conditions of the vast majority of the highland workers. In the 1940s he became involved in the nascent labor movement and joined the Revolutionary Workers' Party (POR), a Trotskyist political party. In 1944, Lechín led a congress of miners in Huanuni, Oruro, that led to the formation of the FSTMB. Lechín was elected the union's Executive Secretary.
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In 1971, he became involved with the Trotskyist movement again, joining the forerunner of the Socialist Workers Party (SWP) the International Socialists. He was part of the 1976 split which formed the Workers League. He would later work with the SWP in various campaigns but never rejoined it. Not long before his death he wrote an autobiography, Keeping My Head: The Memoirs of a British Bolshevik, with the help of Logie Barrow.
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Prior to the March convention, the Trotskyist Socialist Appeal faction held an organizational gathering of their own in Chicago, with 93 delegates gathering on February 20–22, 1937. The meeting organized the faction on a permanent basis, electing a National Action Committee of five to "coordinate branch work" and "formulate Appeal policies".The committee included Vincent Dunne, Albert Goldman, Max Shachtman, and Richard Babb Whitten. Myers, The Prophet's Army, pp. 128-129.
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L5I was founded as the Movement for a Revolutionary Communist International. Its first member groups were Workers' Power in Britain, the Irish Workers Group, Pouvoir Ouvrier in France, and Gruppe Arbeitermacht (GAM) in Germany. After a congress in 1989 the organisation adopted a common programme, the Trotskyist Manifesto, and a democratic centralist constitution, under which each national section agreed to be bound by the decisions of the international organisation as a whole.
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In 1960, the Indian and Japanese sections of the IC reunified with the ISFI sections. Meanwhile, inside the ISFI, Pablo had lost much of his political influence, removing yet another barrier to reunification. In 1962, the ICFI and ISFI formed a Parity Committee to organise a World Congress of the two factions. ISFI and the leadership of SWP revised the basic Trotskyist principle that only a conscious Marxist leadership can ensure a successful socialist revolution.
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The Socialist Workers Organization was a Trotskyist organisation based in New Zealand. It was part of the International Socialist Tendency, the British Socialist Workers Party's international tendency. The Socialist Workers Organization was established by the merger of the Communist Party of New Zealand and the International Socialist Organisation in 1994. The former was the direct linear organisational continuation of the old Communist Party that had been founded as a part of the Communist International.
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Wohlforth and a small handful of his supporters were themselves expelled early in September 1964, proclaiming themselves the American Committee for the Fourth International (ACFI) and launching the biweekly Bulletin of International Socialism.Tim Wohlforth, The Prophet's Children: Travels on the American Left. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press, 1994; pp. 123-124. They maintained connections with Gerry Healy and the rest of the ICFI, which they considered the legitimate Trotskyist movement, becoming that group's American section.
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When the unity negotiations with A.J. Muste's American Workers Party began in 1934, Cannon and Shachtman became factional allies. Glotzer felt alienated from the policy, however. He returned to Chicago but stayed loyal to the Trotskyist movement. In April 1937 the skilled stenographer Glotzer was sent to Mexico City to serve as court reporter at the John Dewey Commission called to hear charges made by the Joseph Stalin regime against Leon Trotsky.
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The Left Fraction, sometimes calling itself the Left Fraction, British Section of the Fourth International (In Opposition),Harry Selby, Brief Notes on the History of the Left Fraction (1964) was a Trotskyist organisation in the United Kingdom. The group formed as a tendency of the Revolutionary Socialist League (RSL) in 1940. It was described by other tendencies in the disintegrating organisation as pacifist. The group opposed Trotsky's Proletarian Military Policy, and was expelled in 1943.
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Socialist League (in Swedish: Socialistiska Förbundet) was a Trotskyist organization in Sweden. SF was founded on December 15, 1979 when the 'Bolshevik Fraction' was expelled from the Communist Workers League (KAF, later the Socialist Party). The 'Bolshevik Fraction' within the United Secretariat of the Fourth International was formed in 1978, as an extension of the 'Bolshevik Tendency' formed in 1976. SF was affiliated to the International Workers League (LIT) of Nahuel Moreno.
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Muralov was arrested by the Soviet secret police (OGPU) on April 17, 1936. He was named as one of eight unindicted co-conspirators in the so-called Kemerovo Trial of October 1936, a highly-publicized trial which asserted that Trotskyist saboteurs had caused an explosion at the Kemerovo Central Mine — a blast in which 12 miners had died and 14 others suffered serious injury.Vladimir Rogovin, 1937: Stalin's Year of Terror. Frederick S. Choate, trans.
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He was a Communist in his youth and briefly belonged to the Trotskyist movement in the late 1920s. He disavowed communism, and became a Roman Catholic, remaining nevertheless a Marxist. He turned to literature, writing family sagas against bourgeois society. Mariages (1936; "Nothing to Chance") deals with the limitations of social conventions; the five-volume Meurtres (1939–41; "Murders") centres on an idealistic tragic hero, Noël Annequin, in his fight against hypocrisy.
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It also supported state secularism and anti-clericalism, and opposed United States cultural imperialism. Practicing a politic of entrism explicitly inspired by the Trotskyist, the NR also infiltrated the national direction of the deep ecology movement Earth First. NR was also anti-Zionist. They transformed themselves in the Union des cercles résistance en Autumn 1996 during its third congress held in Aix-en-Provence, from which the Unité radicale movement was created.
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Peng Shuzhi (also spelled Peng Shu-tse; ;alias Ivan Petrov, Xi Zhao, Nan Guan, Tao Bo, Ou Bo. 1896–1983) was an early leader of the Communist Party of China who was expelled from the party for being a Trotskyist. After the Communist victory in China, he lived in exile in Vietnam, France and the United States. His memoir was published in France by his daughter Cheng Yingxiang and son-in- law Claude Cadart.
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By 1944 the GBL had merged with two other Trotskyist currents to form the Internationalist Communist Party, (PCI), the French section of the Fourth International. Bleibtreu led workplace cells of the PCI around Puteaux-Suresnes-Nanterre under the pen-name Pierre Favre. In November 1944, he became an editor of the party's journal, La Vérité. He was named general secretary of the PCI in 1946, and led the party's growth after its post-war legalisation.
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The Trotskyist Tendency clashed with the leadership of the International Socialists over many issues; for example, UK membership of the European Communities, on which the IS leadership itself was divided, and the use of the "Troops Out" slogan regarding Northern Ireland. In December 1971, the leadership of the International Socialists called a special conference to "defuse" the TT. The TT described the "defusion" as an "expulsion" given that they did not wish to leave.
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The group was influenced by the Italian Lotta Continua group.David Widgery The Left In Britain, 1956-1968 Penguin,1976 (p. 479) The group published a magazine, Big Flame, and a journal, Revolutionary Socialism.John Moorhouse, A Historical Glossary of British Marxism (Pauper's Press, 1987) Members were active at the Ford plants at Halewood and Dagenham and devoted a great deal of time to self- analysis and considering their relationship with the larger Trotskyist groups.
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The party was labelled the 'Red Flag Communist Party' (as opposed to the 'White Flag Communist Party', i.e. the main Communist Party of Burma) due to the colour of their armbands. The party was reportedly 'Trotskyist' in its orientation. Whilst the White Flag Communist Party employed a popular front line of working within the framework of the Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League, the Red Flag Communist Party denounced co-operation with non-communist forces.
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In 1960 it was itself split into the Agalawatte and Bulathsinhala electorates. It became famous as a Trotskyist fief, being lost to that party at only one election between 1947 and 1977. In this period it developed from being a road-less, school-less rural backwater into a relatively developed area. Since 1989 it has been an electoral division of the Kalutara District, not a constituency sending a member to parliament in its own right.
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In contrast to the right, the left-wing coalition was divided about this problem and had not a clear policy. Finally, those who were disappointed by the "Plural Left" voted for the Trotskyist candidates (Arlette Laguiller, Olivier Besancenot, Daniel Gluckstein). All the left-wing parties were represented by their candidates. In the first round, Jospin (PS) obtained 16.2%, Chevènement (MDC) 5.3%, Noël Mamère (the Greens) 5.2%, Hue (PCF) 3.4%, Christiane Taubira (PRG) 2.3%.
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Sydney James Bidwell (14 January 1917 – 25 May 1997) was a British Labour politician. Bidwell was a railway worker on the Great Western Railway and became a tutor and organiser for the National Council of Labour Colleges. He went on to become the London Regional Education Officer for the TUC. Having joined the Labour Party in his youth, in the 1940s he was also a member of the Trotskyist Revolutionary Communist Party.
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Socialist Workers Party (), now known as Socialist Workers Politics (Danish: Socialisitks Arbejderpolitik), is a Trotskyist political party in Denmark. SAP is the Danish section of the (reunified) Fourth International, and was founded in 1979 as a continuation of Revolutionære Socialisters Forbund (RSF) - Revolutionary Socialists' League. SAP was a co-founder of the Red-Green Alliance in 1989 and its members are active within the Alliance. SAP publishes the quarterly Socialistisk Information (SI).
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Kerevan was a member of the International Marxist Group, a Trotskyist group, between 1972–83. He later served as a Labour councillor in Edinburgh from 1984–1996. In 1996, he left Labour to join the Scottish National Party. He went on to stand unsuccessfully as the SNP candidate for Edinburgh East at the 2010 UK general election, as well as an SNP candidate in the Lothian region in the 2011 Scottish Parliament election.
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Maurice Clavel was born on 10 November 1920 in a family headed by a father who was a pharmacist. This conservative milieu of small shopkeepers in Languedoc led him to be an activist in the French Popular Party (FPP) in his hometown of Frontignan. A brilliant pupil, he got into the prestigious École Normale Supérieure in the Rue d'Ulm in Paris. There he became acquainted with Trotskyist Jean-Toussaint Desanti and Maurrassian Pierre Boutang.
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The Socialist Party is a political party in Ireland, active in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. Internationally, it is affiliated to the Trotskyist International Socialist Alternative. The party has been involved in various populist campaigns including the Anti-Bin Tax Campaign and the Campaign Against Home and Water Taxes. Members of the party were jailed for their part in the former, while members have been arrested for their role in the latter.
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The ideology of the party varies between the left and the extreme left. The programmatic elements found in the party are related to socialism, anti-capitalism, and anti-imperialism. There are Marxist, Trotskyist, eco-socialist, and syndicalist tendencies within the party. Among other things, the party program includes the reduction of working hours, agrarian and urban reform, increased spending on health, education and infrastructure, and a break with the International Monetary Fund.
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He also served as National Chairman of the Trotskyist League of Canada in the 1970s and early 1980s. In 1981 Verret returned to the US, where he led the Atlanta Local of the Spartacist League from 1983 until 1996. In 1996 he moved to Los Angeles. Verret left the Spartacist League in 2000 over a political matter, through continued work in left wing movements through being involved in the Prometheus Research Library.
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Indonesian historians describe Malaka as a "communist, nationalist, national communist, Trotskyist, idealist, Muslim leader, and Minangkabau chauvinist". Tan Malaka's best-known written work is his autobiography, Dari Pendjara ke Pendjara. He wrote the three-volume work by hand while imprisoned by the republican Sukarno government in 1947 and 1948. The work alternates between theoretical chapters describing Tan Malaka's political beliefs and philosophy and more conventional autobiographical chapters that discuss various phases of his life.
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The Workers' Revolutionary Party–Revolutionary Left (Spanish language: Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores–Izquierda Revolucionaria. PRT–IR) was a Spanish Trotskyist political organization, formed in the summer of 2002 as a result of the merger of the Workers' Revolutionary Party (PRT) and the Revolutionary Left (IR). Organizing the struggle for socialism was the main goal of the formation. It was the official section in Spain of the International Workers' League - Fourth International (IWL).
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Frank N. Trager (ed.). Marxism in Southeast Asia; A Study of Four Countries. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1959. p. 142 Colonial Minister Marius Moutet, a Socialist commented that he had sought "a wide consultation with all elements of the popular [will]," but with "Trotskyist-Communists intervening in the villages to menace and intimidate the peasant part of the population, taking all authority from the public officials," the necessary "formula" had not been found.
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According to Vian, these were exciting times: he later commented that in Red Noise's early days, "their concerts wouldn't end until the cops came." The band released one album, Sarcelles - Lochères, in 1970. The group broke up after they got arrested for possession of hash in the Netherlands. Given the revolutionary times, the band split rather appropriately into a socialist and a Trotskyist section, the latter of which continued under the name Komintern.
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Born into a Liverpool working class family on 6 May 1933, he began political activity when he was picked up on a canvass by a local activist in 1950. Wall adopted a Trotskyist outlook and joined the Deane-Grant group, the remnant of the Revolutionary Communist Party, which later became the Militant group. Wall became Garston Constituency Labour Party Secretary in 1952.Peter Taaffe, The Rise of Militant, London, Militant Publications, p.
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The Revolutionary Workers Party (RWP) was a Trotskyist political party in India. The party was founded in 1958 with the merger of the Socialist Party (Marxist), the Communist League and the Mazdoor Communist Party. The party appointed Murlidhar Parija, general secretary of the United Trade Union Congress of Bombay, as its general secretary, and adopted S. B. Kolpe's journal, New Perspective, as the party newspaper. It affiliated with the International Secretariat of the Fourth International.
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He briefly considered himself a Trotskyist but at 22 moved away from communism entirely because of disgust with Stalin. He began working for the New Leader in New York and was editor from 1942–1943. Lasky wrote an editorial during this time criticizing the Allies for failing to address The Holocaust directly in their World War II efforts. He served in World War II as a combat historian for the 7th Army.
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Its political position is for socialism, the autonomy of the mass organizations and the Marxist alternative to the Capitalist System. It participates in the São Paulo Forum and stands in sympathy with the Trotskyist reunified Fourth International. It has strong bases amongst college students, the trade unions in the banking industry, mass movements and the teaching profession. In the last parliamentary elections it supported the candidacy of the unionist Alexander Mayan López to the Senate.
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Ross Dowson and the majority of the group sided with the faction led by James P. Cannon and the Socialist Workers Party (United States), this faction formed the International Committee of the Fourth International. His brother Murray and brother-in-law Joe Rosenthal formed a pro-Michel Pablo minority, and split from the RWP in 1954 to form a Trotskyist tendency within the CCF. It disappeared by the end of the decade.
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The group was relaunched in 1946 as the Revolutionary Workers Party (RWP), Canadian Section of the Fourth International, under the leadership of Ross Dowson. The foundations of the party had been laid two years earlier, in 1944, when Canadian supporters of the Fourth International met in Montreal for their first national convention. Dowson ran for mayor of Toronto as an open Trotskyist at the end of the war and won over 20% of the vote.
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The Socialist Equality Party is a Trotskyist political party in Sri Lanka. It was founded in 1968 as the Revolutionary Communist League by former student members of the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (Revolutionary) who joined the International Committee of the Fourth International. They remained loyal to Gerry Healy until the majority of the International split from his organisation. Since the death of its founder leader Keerthi Balasooriya in December 1987, Wije Dias assumed the leadership.
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Simons was born in New Haven, Connecticut, he attended the University of Minnesota, the University of Washington and the University of New York, he failed to earn a degree from any of these institutions. Simons was a firm believer in unionism and his politics during the 1930s and 1940s were Trotskyist. During this period, he held a variety of jobs from machinist to Linotype operator. From 1944-1946, Simons served in the Army Air Forces.
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Higgins returned to Ireland and attended University College Dublin, studying English and French. For several years he was a teacher in several Dublin inner city schools. While at university he joined the Labour Party and became active in the Militant Tendency, an entryist Trotskyist group that operated within the Labour Party. Throughout his time in the Labour Party he was a strong opponent of coalition politics, along with TDs Emmet Stagg and Michael D. Higgins.
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In the 1970s and early 1980s Glyn was a member of the Trotskyist Militant tendency in Oxford, writing a pamphlet critiquing the 'Alternative Economic Strategy' of the Tribune group of MPs, Capitalist Crisis or Socialist Plan in 1978.Andrew Glyn, Socialism Today, issue 115, February 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2011 In 1984 Glyn wrote The Economic Case Against Pit Closures for the National Union of Mineworkers to counter the energy policy of the Thatcher government.
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State monopoly capitalist (stamocap) theory aims to define the final historical stage of capitalism following monopoly capitalism, consistent with Lenin's definition of the characteristics of imperialism in his short pamphlet of the same name. Occasionally the stamocap concept also appears in neo-Trotskyist theories of state capitalism as well as in libertarian anti-state theories. The analysis made is usually identical in its main features, but very different political conclusions are drawn from it.
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Evelyn Reed (1905-1979) was an American communist and women's rights activist. In January 1940, she traveled to Mexico to see the exiled Russian Revolutionary Leon Trotsky and his wife Natalia Sedova. There, at the house of Trotsky in Coyoacán, Reed met the American Trotskyist leader James P. Cannon, leader of the Socialist Workers Party (United States). Reed joined in the same year, and remained a leading party member until her death.
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The International Socialist Organization (ISO) was a group founded in 1977 as a section of the International Socialist Tendency (IST). The organization held Leninist positions on imperialism and considered itself a vanguard party, preparing the ground for a revolutionary party to hypothetically succeed it. The organization held a Trotskyist critique of nominally socialist states, which it considered class societies. In contrast to this, the ISO advocated the tradition of "socialism from below".
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The WP/ISL attracted many young intellectuals, including Michael Harrington, Irving Howe, Hal Draper, and Julius Jacobson. Shachtman also maintained contact with Trotsky's widow, Natalia Sedova, who generally agreed with his views at that time."A symbolic blow was struck when Trotsky's widow, Natalia Sedova, abandoned orthodox Trotskyist positions and embraced Shachtman and the Workers' Party." From Brian Palmer, "Before Braverman: Harry Frankel and the American workers' movement", in Monthly Review, January 1999.
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It was necessary not to await it passively but to prepare for it, preparing for it the cadres and insofar as possible the masses. [...] When, on August 20, 1940 we were overwhelmed by the tragic news of the assassination of L.D. Trotsky, Leon immediately wrote the first illegal pamphlet of the Belgian Trotskyist movement. He established contact with several former regional leaders of the party in Brussels. The first leadership began to take form.
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He was posted to the Far East Military district in 1931 and was made military attache to Great Britain in 1934. He was promoted to comcor in 1935. Putna was arrested during the Great Purge on 20 August 1936, tried for alleged espionage and anti-Soviet activities together with Mikhail Tukhachevsky in the so-called Case of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization, sentenced to death on 11 June 1937 and executed the next day.
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The Communist Party of Germany (Red Dawn) () is a minor German political party. It was founded in December 1985 in Hamburg by members of the Communist Party of Germany/Marxists-Leninists who disapproved of that group's fusion with the Trotskyist Gruppe Internationale Marxisten, seeing it as betrayal of their Hoxhaist ideology. The party publishes the monthly newspaper Roter Morgen. KPD was a participant in the International Conference of Marxist- Leninist Parties and Organizations.
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The Revolutionary Communist Group – RCG (Arabic: Tajammu' al-Shuyu'i al- Thawri), or Groupe Communiste Révolutionnaire (GCR) in French, is a Trotskyist organisation in Lebanon, associated with the reunified Fourth International. The GCR was founded in the 1970s as a full 'section' of the Fourth International . The 2003 World Congress of the International reorganised it as a sympathising group, reflecting a decline in the GCR's membership. The organisation contributes to International Viewpoint and Inprecor.
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Staff hiring was broadly ecumenical, including collection assistants Ethel Lobman, a longtime member of the Trotskyist Socialist Workers Party and Peter Filardo, formerly an employee of the Communist Party-associated American Institute for Marxist Studies, founded by historian Herbert Aptheker. These two archivists were instrumental in obtaining major additions to NYU's collection from these seminal "Old Left" organizations.Cary, "The 35-Year History of the Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives," pp. 19–20.
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Within the RSL it formed the "Soviet Defensist Minority" before leaving to form the Trotskyist Organization of the United States.Alexander, Robert International Trotskyism: a documented analysis of the world movement Durham, Duke University Press 1991 p. 906 Another tendency had left in 1975 to form the Revolutionary Marxist Committee, which later fused with the Socialist Workers Party.Alexander, Robert International Trotskyism: a documented analysis of the world movement Durham, Duke University Press 1991 p.
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A political revolution, in the Trotskyist theory, is an upheaval in which the government is replaced, or the form of government altered, but in which property relations are predominantly left intact. The revolutions in France in 1830 and 1848 are often cited as political revolutions. Political revolutions are contrasted with social revolutions in which old property relations are overturned. Leon Trotsky's book, The Revolution Betrayed, is the most widely cited development of the theory.
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Vincent Raymond Dunne (17 April 1889 – 17 February 1970), also known as Vincent R. Dunne or Ray Dunne, was an American Trotskyist, teamster, lumberjack, and union organizer with the Industrial Workers of the World and the International Brotherhood of Teamsters. He is notable for his leading role in the 1934 Minneapolis general strike, his conviction and imprisonment under the anti-communist Smith Act, and his membership in the Socialist Workers Party and opposition to Stalinism.
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Arne Swabeck (1890–1986) was an American Communist leader. Swabeck was born in Denmark and emigrated to the United States where he became one of the founding members of the Communist Party. In the late 1920s he was expelled from the party as a Trotskyist and worked together with James P. Cannon and other American Trotskyists to create the Socialist Workers Party. Swabeck visited Leon Trotsky in his exile in Turkey in 1933.
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In 1940, the LSSP split with the expulsion of the pro-Moscow fraction led by S. A. Wickremasinghe, M. G. Mendis, Pieter Keuneman and A. Vaidialingam. The expelled members formed the United Socialist Party (USP) which later evolved into the Communist Party of Ceylon (CPC). With the expulsion of the communists, the LSSP planted itself as an independent Trotskyist party. In its heyday, the LSSP was the Fourth International's most successful component.
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Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1946. 151. There was, however, eventual transformation: the editorial shift from a magazine of the radical left, with its numerous competing points of view, gave way to a bastion of Marxist conformity. When Gold and Freeman gained full control by 1928 the “Stalinist/Trotskyist” division began in earnest. Gold’s January 1929 column “Go Left, Young Writers” began the “proletarian literature” movement, one spurred by the emergence of writers with true working-class credentials.
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The Trotskyist International Liaison Committee was the international organisation established by the Workers Socialist League in Britain (of which Alan Thornett was the best-known member) and its international co-thinkers in Italy, Denmark, the US and Turkey. It was founded in 1979. Following the WSL's fusion with the International-Communist League in 1981, clear but informal factional lines developed in the WSL. Most of the parties in the TILC sympathised with the Internationalist Faction in the WSL.
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The first Revolutionary Socialist League (RSL) was formed in early 1938 by the merger of the Marxist League led by Harry Wicks and the Marxist Group led by C. L. R. James.Barberis, Peter; McHugh, John; Tyldesley, Mike. Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations: Parties, Groups and Movements of the 20th Century. A & C Black, 2000, p160 In August 1938, James P. Cannon and Max Shachtman came to London in an attempt to unite all four British Trotskyist groups.
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Later, the BOC merged with Andrés Nin's Izquierda Comunista in 1935 to form the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (POUM) which was to be a major party backing the Second Spanish Republic in the Spanish Civil War. Maurin became general secretary of the POUM but was arrested early in the Civil War. As a result, Nin, a former Trotskyist, became the POUM's new leader. In all, the ICO had member parties in fifteen countries during the 1930s.
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The bullet had missed his main artery by the barest margin and his voice was barely audible. It had been such a clean shot that the wound immediately went through the process of cauterisation. He received electrotherapy treatment and was declared medically unfit for service.Taylor (2003: 228–29)) By the middle of June the political situation in Barcelona had deteriorated and the POUM—painted by the pro-Soviet Communists as a Trotskyist organisation—was outlawed and under attack.
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Some Left Communists such as Paul Mattick claim that the October Revolution was totalitarian from the start and therefore Trotskyism has no real differences from Stalinism either in practice or theory.Mattick, Paul (1947). "Bolshevism and Stalinism". In the United States, Dwight Macdonald broke with Trotsky and left the Trotskyist Socialist Workers Party by raising the question of the Kronstadt rebellion, which Trotsky as leader of the Soviet Red Army and the other Bolsheviks had brutally repressed.
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William Krehm (November 23, 1913 – April 19, 2019) was a Canadian author, journalist, political activist and real estate developer. He was a prominent Trotskyist activist in the 1930s and went to Spain where he participated in the Spanish Civil War. In the 1980s he co-founded the Committee on Monetary and Economic Reform (COMER) in the 1980s and continued as the group's principal leader until his death. He died in April 2019 at the age of 105.
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Over the following years its sections continued to grow principally through campaigns in opposition to the war in Vietnam, though the student and youth radicalisation. In 1964 the current around Argentine Trotskyist Nahuel Moreno fused his followers into the reunified Fourth International, bringing in hundreds of new members from throughout Latin America. Unification was discussed between the International and the French group Lutte Ouvriere. In 1970, Lutte Ouvriere initiated fusion discussions with the French section, the LCR.
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Emily Turnbull and James Robertson, "Introduction," to James P. Cannon and the Early Years of American Communism: Selected Writings and Speeches, 1920-1928. New York: Prometheus Research Library, 1992; pg. 53-54. This did not lead to her immediate removal from the party, however, only to the loss of her position as an instructor in the local party training school. Konikow was expelled from the Communist Party headed by Executive Secretary Jay Lovestone in November 1928 as a Trotskyist.
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Brewer began his career in journalism at The Shetland Times in 1980 and in 1983 he moved to the Sunday Standard (forerunner of the Sunday Herald) as business correspondent. After the Standard stopped publishing he held a number of jobs in the Scottish press. He was also a member of the Trotskyist group Socialist Organiser. Brewer joined the BBC in 1988 as Business Correspondent for network TV news and was appointed the BBC's Tokyo Correspondent the following year.
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Smith was the son of Reverend A. E. Smith, a social gospel minister who became a leading figure in the Communist Party. Stewart Smith was one of the main figures in the faction, led by Tim Buck, that took over the party leadership in 1929. Smith was elected to the party's Central Committee and continued to serve on it (and the party's Political Bureau) for decades. He supported the expulsion of Trotskyist and Right Opposition factions from the party.
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The Spanish Left in its Own Words At the 7th National Convention of the Communist Party USA in 1930, Oehler controversially demanded that the Trotskyists be permitted to rejoin the party, abruptly ending his career with the official party. He then joined James P. Cannon, Max Shachtman and Martin Abern in the Communist League of America, the nation's first Trotskyist group.Myers, The Prophet's Army, pg. 116. He was soon elected to the group's governing National Committee.
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The nature of the Soviet Union was reappraised as being Stalinist, however the group reaffirmed their Leninist heritage (as opposed to the Trotskyist heritage of many other left groups). Having decided on the central importance of re-evaluating theory, this debate was primarily conducted through the Weekly Worker. The Weekly Worker was a faultline during unity negotiations between left groups during the Socialist Alliance. It was proposed that the groups within the SA produced a single paper.
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A Trotskyist, Barker was a member of the International Socialism Group in Oxford and Manchester from 1962. He was a Senior Lecturer in Sociology at Manchester Metropolitan University from 1967 to 2002 and an organiser of the periodic International Conference on Alternative Futures and Popular Protest there. Barker regularly spoke at the Socialist Workers Party's annual Marxism event. In 2013, he joined opposition to the SWP Central Committee's handling of the allegations of rape made against 'Comrade Delta'.
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Following the bombing of Hiroshima in the summer of 1945, which McCarthy referred to as a “watershed, a dividing line,”Sumner. Pg. 56. many of the New York Intellectuals—a group, which included McCarthy, of contributors to politics, Partisan Review, and other preeminent New York writers and thinkers—became alarmed by the rapidly escalating nuclear arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union. As many of the New York Intellectuals were formerly avowed Trotskyist Communists,Wilford.
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Feldman came into political activity through the Student Peace Union at the University of Pennsylvania, which was led by supporters of the Trotskyist Young Socialist Alliance such as Feldman and Robin Maisel. Maisel and Feldman joined the YSA late in 1964, after supporting the SWP campaign against Johnson and Goldwater. He was arrested seven times during the Maryland Freedom Rides. He later joined the SWP, becoming a writer on international politics for its publications and for Intercontinental Press/Inprecor.
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In 1945 he went to Italy where he was treated for his severe loss of vision. In 1946, Mala returned to Albania and started working in the National Library. As an opponent of any dictatorship and Stalinism and being considered a Trotskyist or Orthodox Marxist, he would become a target of the new Albanian communist leadership. Mala was arrested in 1945 accused of being an opponent the Yugoslav-Albanian relationship and the banning of political pluralism.
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Soble was born in 1903 as Abromas Sobolevicius, in then-Russian controlled Lithuania to a wealthy Jewish family. Soble travelled to Leipzig, Germany in 1921, to attend college, and where he joined the German Communist Party. In 1927, travelled to the Soviet Union, where he married and then returned to Germany. Soble studied briefly at the University of Berlin where he became a Trotskyist which led to his expulsion from the Communist Party and the university.
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The PCG congress also stated that the party would support trade union struggles, even if not directly led by the party. These adjustments opened up for more cooperation between CGTG and the independentist trade union centre UGTG. In January 2002, a member of the Trotskyist group Combat Ouvrier, Jean-Marie Nomertin, was elected General Secretary of CGTG at a meeting of the CGTG Executive Committee. A deal was struck between militants of PCG and Combat Ouvrier.
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Constance Ashton Myers, The Prophet's Army: Trotskyists in America, 1928-1941. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1977; pg. 32. News of the ouster of Glotzer and Swabeck was front-page news in the second issue of The Militant, the first American Trotskyist newspaper. Glotzer was a delegate to the founding convention of the Communist League of America (Opposition) (CLA) in May 1929 and was elected as one of five members of the governing National Council of the fledgling organization.
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The Movement for Socialism (Spanish: Movimiento Al Socialismo, MAS) was a Trotskyist (revolutionary left-wing socialist) political party in Argentina. It was founded in 1982 and led by Nahuel Moreno until his death, in 1987. From 1988 on, within the next 4 years, the MAS would split into more than 20 groups. Under the name Nuevo MAS (New MAS) it stood in the 2009 Argentine legislative election in an alliance with the Socialist Workers' Party and Socialist Left.
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For a period, the IRMC was close to the Trotskyist movement and the International Left Opposition. In the early 1930s, Leon Trotsky and his supporters believed that Stalin's influence over the Third International could still be fought from within and slowly rolled back. They organised themselves into the International Left Opposition in 1930, which was intended to be a group of anti-Stalinist dissenters within the Third International. Stalin's supporters, who dominated the International, would no longer tolerate dissent.
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Kopelev was born in Kiev, then Russian Empire, to a middle- class Jewish family. In 1926, his family moved to Kharkov. While a student at Kharkov State University's philosophy faculty, Kopelev began writing in Russian and Ukrainian languages; some of his articles were published in the Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper. An idealist communist and active Bolshevik, he was first arrested in March 1929 for "consorting with the Bukharinist and Trotskyist opposition," and spent ten days in prison.
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Born in Sheffield, Fletcher was the General Secretary of Sheffield College's students' union, where she joined the Campaign for Free Education (CFE) and the Alliance for Workers' Liberty, a small Trotskyist group. She later attended the University of Leeds where she studied Social Policy and Education. After studying for two years, she was elected as the NUS National Women's Officer, and subsequently to the NUS Block of Twelve part- time officers. She then returned to Leeds, graduating in 2004.
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In 1934 Anita and 24 others signed an open letter on their anti-Stalin stance and received negative reviews from New Masses, which had become the leading Communist journal, branding her a Trotskyist. She responded in an individual letter stating that the role of the intellectual was to question and criticize. By stifling criticism the Communist Party was refusing to allow intellectuals to do their jobs. Brenner occasionally wrote under a pseudonym "Jean Mendez" for Troskyist newspapers.
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Workers' Revolutionary Party (, PRT) was a Spanish trotskyist political party founded in 1994 by the merger of the Workers' Socialist Party (Socialist Truth) (PST (LVS)) and the Group for Building a Revolutionary Workers' Party (GPOR). Both parties initially contested the 1994 European Parliament election as the GPOR–PST (LVS) coalition. The PRT eventually joined United Left (IU) in 1998, and in 2002 it merged together with Revolutionary Left (IR) to form the Workers' Revolutionary Party–Revolutionary Left (PRT–IR).
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In the Fall of 1934, Zack abruptly quit the CPUSA, ostensibly over the party's departure from the ultra-radicalism of the so-called "Third Period." Zack briefly joined the Workers Party of the United States (WPUS), formed in 1934 by two small political organizations, headed by pacifist A.J. Muste and Trotskyist James P. Cannon, respectively. Zack then renounced Marxism completely, and founded a new group called the "One Big Union Club."Max Shachtman, "Footnote for Historians," New International, Vol.
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Solidarity was founded in 1960 by a small group of expelled members of the Trotskyist Socialist Labour League. It was initially known as Socialism Reaffirmed. The group published a journal, Agitator, which after six issues was renamed Solidarity, from which the organisation took its new name. Almost from the start it was strongly influenced by the French Socialisme ou Barbarie group, in particular by its intellectual leader Cornelius Castoriadis, whose essays were among the many pamphlets Solidarity produced.
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McLennan is a member of the Trotskyist organisation Socialist Alternative."Connex tries to censor pro-Palestinian art" Socialist Alternative, 11 March 2009. Accessed 24 May 2009 Previously, he has been associated with the Socialist Alliance,"Zionism and imperialism: an unholy alliance" Melbourne Palestine Solidarity Network, 9 August 2006. Accessed 27 April 2008 the Stop the War Coalition,"Propaganda" Azlan McLennan website. Accessed 25 January 2009 Students for Palestine,"Artists Support Boycott Israel 19" Students for Palestine, 18 August 2011.
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Leung Kwok-hung (; born 27 March 1956), also known as "Long Hair" (長毛), is a Hong Kong politician and social activist. He was a member of the Legislative Council, representing the New Territories East. Being a Trotskyist in his youth, he was the founding member of the Revolutionary Marxist League. He became a political icon with his long hair and Che Guevara T-shirt in the protests before he was elected to the Legislative Council in 2004.
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They found themselves expelled by the Stalinist Parties and persecuted by both GPU agents and the political police in Britain, France, the United States, China, and all over the world. Trotskyist parties had a large influence in Sri Lanka and Bolivia. In 1938, Trotsky and his supporters founded a new international organisation of dissident communists, the Fourth International. In his Results and Prospects and Permanent Revolution Trotsky developed a theory of revolution uninterrupted by the stagism of Stalinist orthodoxy.
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Achmat set fire to his school in Salt River in support of the 1976 student protests and was imprisoned several times during his youth for political activities. He joined the African National Congress (ANC) in 1980 while serving time in prison. Between 1985 and 1990 he was a member of the Marxist Workers Tendency of the ANC, a Trotskyist breakaway group of the ANC and precursor to the Democratic Socialist Movement. General coverage of the MWT.
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Through discussion, the Indian and Ceylonese trotskyists established a preliminary Committee for the Formation of the Bolshevik - Leninist Party of India. The discussions for this took place through underground meetings in Kandy in December 1940 and March 1941 and set the stage for a sole Trotskyist party for India. This was later amended to include Burma and Ceylon. The meeting in 1940 and 41 were attended by the jailed LSSP leaders aided by some guards of the Bogambara Prison.
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Once in Paris, Castoriadis joined the Trotskyist Parti Communiste Internationaliste (PCI). He and Claude Lefort constituted a Chaulieu–Montal Tendency in the French PCI in 1946. In 1948, they experienced their "final disenchantment with Trotskyism", leading them to break away to found the libertarian socialist and councilist group and journal Socialisme ou Barbarie (S. ou B., 1949–1966), which included Jean-François Lyotard and Guy Debord as members for a while, and profoundly influenced the French intellectual left.
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When he embarked he was escorted to the radio cabin and the door was locked behind him and he was left in there with two Komsomol members. who were also kidnapped.7000 Days in Siberia by Karlo Stajner page 51 He had in effect been kidnapped and when the ship arrived in USSR he was immediately transferred to the Lubyanka (KGB) prison in Moscow. He was eventually sentenced to eight years of solitary confinement for counter-revolutionary Trotskyist activities.
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Redmond O'Neill (8 February 1954 - 21 October 2009) was a British political activist. Born in London to an Irish family from County Tipperary, O'Neill studied at Sussex University, where he joined the Trotskyist International Marxist Group (IMG).Ken Livingstone, Redmond O'Neill obituary, The Guardian, 27 October 2009 One faction in the IMG later became Socialist Action, and O'Neill was recognised as its leader. Under his leadership, the group opposed the Gulf War and founded the Anti-Racist Alliance.
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René Binet (16 October 1913 – 16 October 1957) was a French militant political activist. Initially a Trotskyist in the 1930s, he espoused fascism during World War II, joining the SS Charlemagne Division. Soon after the end of the war, Binet became involved in numerous neo-fascist and white supremacist publications and parties, and wrote the 1950 book Théorie du racisme, deemed influential on the far-right at large. He died in a car accident, aged 44.
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The Workers' Party (, PO) is an Argentine Trotskyist (left-wing socialist) political party. It is the largest national section of the Co-ordinating Committee for the Refoundation of the Fourth International. In the 2009 legislative election, the party received 1.1% of the vote. Its strongest vote in this and some other recent elections has been in Salta Province in the north west, particularly in the city of Salta itself; its next best was in neighbouring Catamarca.
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Uborevich was arrested on May 29, 1937, and along with Tukhachevsky, August Kork, and others, was arraigned in the Case of the Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization on June 11, 1937. Judged guilty of espionage and sabotage by a clandestine military tribunal, he was sentenced to death and executed on the same day. During the Khrushchev Thaw he was posthumously rehabilitated by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union on January 31, 1957.
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Peoples Students Federation is a students-led organisation attempts to mobilize the youth for Peoples Party candidates for the Youth Parliament.The Directorate of Press of Pakistan Peoples Party It also has the separate Trotskyist-Marxist wing, "The Struggle", which is internationally affiliated with International Marxist Tendency (IMT); the student wing, the Peoples Students, a student-outreach organization with the goal of training and engaging the new generation for the betterment of country through education and Pakistan Peoples Party members.
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Pierre Frank (24 October 1905, Paris – 18 April 1984, Paris) was a French Trotskyist leader. He served on the secretariat of the Fourth International from 1948 to 1979. Educated as a chemical engineer, Frank was one of the first French Trotskyists, working with surrealist Pierre Naville and the syndicalist Alfred Rosmer. In 1930, he joined Trotsky on the island of Prinkipo to work as a member of the secretariat that prepared the first conference of the International Left Opposition.
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He argued for socialists to support the emerging black nationalist movements. By 1949, James rejected the idea of a vanguard party. This led the Johnson–Forest Tendency to leave the Trotskyist movement and rename itself the Correspondence Publishing Committee. In 1955 after James had left for Britain, about half the membership of the Committee withdrew, under the leadership of Raya Dunayevskaya, to form a separate tendency of Marxist-humanism and found the organisation News and Letters Committees.
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Encyclopédie Judaica, p. 523-525. These two organisations existed the whole time. Studies by Shalit on prominent Yiddish writers such as Mendele Mocher Sforim, Sholem Aleichem, Isaac Leib Peretz and Daniel Bergelson appeared in collection. Wilno became the beacon of Jewish intellectual life, invigorated by the sheer diversity of its characters: from Hebraists, expert Biblical commentators and disciples of the Gaon to Marxist theorists, Yiddish language militants, Trotskyist dissidents and the anti-Zionist socialists of the Bund.
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Tate was a founder of the Leninist Trotskyist Tendency in 1973.Marxists.org He returned to Canada in 1969 and worked there as a machinist until his retirement. In 2014, the first volume of his memoir, Revolutionary Activism in the 1950s & 60s, was published. After reading the book, David Horowitz, who had known Tate in the 1960s when both men were anti-war activists, struck up a dialogue him, but noted that their strong political differences barred any friendship.
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While in college, he became aligned with Trotskyist elements; he joined the Socialist Party before leaving it in 1981. In 2013, he announced he would be a candidate for the position of Mayor of Béziers in the 2014 municipal elections. He launched his campaign with the support of the sovereigntist right-wing party Debout la République. Ménard subsequently welcomed the support of the National Front, which endorsed him as its candidate although he was not a member.
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Lerma gained a degree in Economic and Business Science from the University of Valencia in 1976. He was a young Trotskyist and in 1973, practised entryism by joining the Young Socialists (). In 1974 he joined the Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT), a major trade union historically affiliated with the PSOE, becoming a PSOE member in 1975.Dictionary of Valencian politicians 1810-2006 by Jose Piqueras at which point the party was still illegal under the Francoist State.
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Walwin was born on 12 August 1905 in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) at Balapitiya. His father Dr O.A. de Silva, was a registered medical practitioner attached to the Department of Health. He had a younger brother Colvin who became a Trotskyist leader and served as the Cabinet Minister of Plantation Industries and Constitutional Affairs. He along with his brother received their primary education at St. John's College Panadura and went on to the Royal College, Colombo for secondary education.
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They subsequently established a new party, the Party of Italian Communists (Partito dei Comunisti Italiani, PdCI). The PRC, weakened by this split, had a poor result in the 1999 European elections, but Bertinotti was nevertheless elected to the European Parliament. Fausto Bertinotti in 2007. Since 2001, Bertinotti has led the party to take more radical, mass-movement positions close to those of the growing alternative globalisation movement, a stance which is opposed by the party's Trotskyist factions.
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He broke with the official Trotskyist movement to lead the Groupe Spartakus 1935–1937, then re-joining the Parti Socialiste Révolutionnaire (PSR), of which he was the Secretary, 1937–1938. He broke with the official Trotskyists again in 1938, editing Contre le Courant 1938–1945. Later, he was involved in the Tendance Marxiste Révolutionnaire (TMR) 1964–1978. He was closely allied to Dutch socialist Henk Sneevliet and to the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (POUM) in Spain.
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Between 1934 and 1937, Vähä served in the Black Sea and the Belorussian Border Guards. He had kept his real identity secret, but as Stalin launched the campaign against ″nationalists″, Vähä's Finnish accent attracted attention. Unfortunately he had close relations with the Army Commander Ieronim Uborevich, who was executed during the Case of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization. Vähä was arrested in February 1938, then declared an ″enemy of the people″ and given the death penalty.
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The fourth ASC Bureau meeting was held in Tokyo November 19–21, 1954. The meeting was preceded by the first meeting of the ASC Economic Experts' Committee. Regarding the reports of the factfinding missions, the Bureau meeting decided to suggest the next Conference to approve membership for the Vietnam Socialist Party. Regarding the Ceylonese LSSP, the meeting suggested that LSSP be give a special invitee status provided that the LSSP break its relations to the Trotskyist Fourth International.
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At one point, two Trotskyist entryist groups operated within the SP. This included Offensive (now called Socialist Alternative) and the International Socialists. The latter was expelled on the grounds of double membership. The similar yet very small group Offensief was not considered a factor of power, but its members were banned from the SP in February 2009, on the grounds of being "a party within a party". Members of the party Socialist Alternative Politics still operate within the SP.
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During the German occupation of France, Rytmann refused to wear the yellow star mandated by the Third Reich and instead joined the French resistance. As a militant, she was a comrade of Jean Beaufret and was affiliated with the "Pericles" division of the French resistance. She joined the French Communist Party, but was later expelled for "Trotskyist deviation" and "crimes". It was alleged that she had participated in summary executions of former Nazi collaborators in Lyon.
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GA publishes press releases and articles on its national website. It does not currently publish a newspaper or review. Following the national launch of a new movement, Ensemble - Mouvement pour une Alternative de Gauche, Ecologique et Solidaires, at a meeting held in Saint-Denis in January–February 2015, GA decided to dissolve. Note: Gauche Anticapitaliste is also the name of an unrelated political organisation in Switzerland founded in 2009 and associated with the Trotskyist Fourth International.
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Socialist Workers' Current () is a far-left Trotskyist political organisation in Brazil, created in 1992 by a split of the Socialist Convergence. CST is an active tendency of the Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL) and the Brazilian section of the International Workers' Unity – Fourth International.IWU-FI in Brazil – retrieved January 2016 CST split from Worker's Party (PT) when its federal deputy Babá was expelled from PT, after voting against the pension reform proposed by ex-president Lula. "PSOL's origins".
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François Maspero, Paris. 1975, Appendix 24. In April of that year the Communist Party and their Trotskyist left opposition ran a common slate for the municipal elections with both their respective leaders Nguyễn Văn Tạo and Tạ Thu Thâu winning seats. The exceptional anti-colonial unity of the left, however, was split by the lengthening shadow of the Moscow Trials and by growing protest over the failure of the Communist-supported Popular Front to deliver constitutional reform.
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While he was still young, Paulin's Northern Irish Protestant mother and English father moved from Leeds to Belfast and Paulin grew up in a middle class area of the city. According to Paulin, his parents, a doctor and headmaster, held "vaguely socialist liberal views". While still a teenager, Paulin joined the Trotskyist Socialist Labour League."Profile: Tom Paulin", The Guardian, 23 March 2002 Paulin was educated at Annadale Grammar School, Hull University and Lincoln College, Oxford.
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It later took the name Socialist League and changed its name into Revolutionary Marxist League in 1975. The league published periodicals such as Combat Bulletin and aligned themselves with the International Majority Tendency of the United Secretariat. In 1975 it became the Chinese section of the Fourth International, together with another long-existing Trotskyist group the Revolutionary Communist Party. The well- known Legislative Council member since 2004, "Longhair" Leung Kwok-hung was an active member of the league.
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Fred W. Halstead (April 21, 1927 - June 2, 1988)"Fred Halstead, Trotskyist Leader, Dies at 61" New York Times June 4, 1988 was the Socialist Workers Party's candidate for President of the United States in 1968. His running mate was Paul Boutelle. Halstead played a significant role in the movement against the Vietnam War, outlined in his book Out Now! He also was a staff writer on The Militant, the publication of the Socialist Workers Party.
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Richardson worked with various Trotskyist groups, in particular Workers Liberty, Workers Action and the Militant tendency, whose approaches he felt were closest to his own. In contrast to these groups, he opposed any race, gender or sexuality based campaigns, which he believed were popular frontist. But he never abandoned the work inside Labour, because he believed that the revolutionary party can emerge only from a mass working-class party. He continued teaching and writing until his death.
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Hatton became a firefighter and later joined the Labour Party and Militant, a Trotskyist organisation then following an entryist strategy within the Labour Party. As deputy leader of Liverpool City Council from 1983, Hatton was the most vocal and prominent member of the council's leadership. The then Leader of the Council was John Hamilton, a soft-spoken and widely admired local politician. Hatton joined the rate- capping rebellion in 1985 as the council refused to make a rate increase.
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On 13 October 1937, Bondarenko was arrested during an official trip in Moscow and charged with the belonging to anti-Soviet Trotskyist terrorist and sabotage organization, which acted in the oil industry of the USSR. On 8 February 1938 the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court sentenced him to be shot, and on 10 February he was executed. Bondarenko was rehabilitated by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR on 14 April 1956.
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Nikolai Dmitrievich Kashirin (16 February 1888 – 14 June 1938) was a Soviet Komandarm 2nd rank. He fought for the Imperial Russian Army in World War I, receiving the Order of Saint Vladimir and the Order of Saint Anna. He was a recipient of the Order of the Red Banner. He was one of the judges at the trial of Marshal of the Soviet Union Mikhail Tukhachevsky in the Case of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization in June 1937.
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Leon was born in Warsaw in 1918. His parents, adherents of "official petit-bourgeois Zionism", left Poland to pursue the Zionist dream in Palestine; the family quickly re- emigrated in 1926 to Belgium. Leon became a member and then leader of the Belgian branch of Hashomer Hatzair, a left wing Zionist youth movement. In 1936, after hearing speeches of the Trotskyist leader of the to militant Belgian coal miners, Leon was won over politically from Stalinism to Trotskyism.
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The French Communist Party (PCF) tried to stop its electoral decline. Its new leader Robert Hue campaigned against "king money" and wanted to represent a renewed communism. He was faced with competition for the far left vote by the Trotskyist candidacy of Arlette Laguiller, who ran for the fourth time. Both of these candidates had a better result than their parties had in 1988, but came nowhere near being able to participate in the next round.
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After the unbanning of the ANC in 1990 he was able to return home to Cape Town where he returned to academia. However, he continued to play a leading role in the MWT of the ANC and was active in working class struggles in the Western Cape. The Marxist Workers' Tendency was affiliated to the Committee for a Workers' International, an international organisation of Trotskyist parties and the newspaper, The Militant. Legassick was expelled from the ANC in 1985.
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It has also been suggested that he was the mastermind behind the murder-decapitation of the Trotskyist leader of the Fourth International, Rudolf Klement, in France in July 1938, and the murder of the defector Georges Agabekov in France in 1937. When Slutsky died in February 1938, poisoned by order of Nikolai Yezhov, Spigelglas became the acting director of foreign intelligence. The head of the NKVD, Lavrenti Beria, had Spigelglas arrested seven months later on November 2, 1938.
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Buch and 15 other people were arrested and were charged with the murder, but she was released when mistrial was declared. The Loray Mill Strike was the last where Buch acted on behalf of the Communist Party USA (CPUSA) or the National Textile Workers Union (NTWU). Albert Weisbord was accused of being a Lovestoneite and was expelled from the CPUSA. In 1931, Buch and Weisbord founded the Communist League of Struggle to provide a Trotskyist alternative to the CPUSA.
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The Socialist Organisation of Working People (SOP, Czech: Socialistická organizace pracujících) is a Trotskyist political group in the Czech Republic established in 1998 after a split in the group affiliate to the International Socialist Tendency, Socialist Solidarity. . It is a section of the League for the Fifth International. In their words: "SOP follows revolutionary traditions of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Trotsky, striving to build a revolutionary worker's party". They established an independent youth group, called REVO, in 2000.
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The DSP started as the orthodox Trotskyist Socialist Workers League, founded in 1972 by members of the radical Socialist Youth Alliance (previously, and also currently, called Resistance) which grew out of the student radicalisation surrounding the Vietnam War. The SWL affiliated to the reunified Fourth International, under the influence of the American section, the Socialist Workers Party. It was also undoubtedly due to this influence that the SWL itself took the name Socialist Workers Party (SWP).
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After an unsuccessful merger with the (Trotskyist) Revolutionary Socialist Party, many of the 3,000 split members returned. This course of moderation was suddenly interrupted by the incidents surrounding the mutiny on the cruiser De Zeven Provinciën. During the mutiny the political leadership of the SDAP announced that, although they did not support it, they could understand the motives behind the mutiny. Because of this incident the government temporarily forbade soldiers to be a member of the SDAP.
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Later he became influenced by communism (he wrote in praise of the Red Air Force). Together with Osmund Jayaratne and Dicky Attygala, he formed a communist group in Royal College. This group gradually moved to a specifically Trotskyist stance. Moonesinghe went on to University College Ceylon (which later became University of Ceylon), where he excelled in athletics, representing his University at the All India Universities Athletic Meet, which was held regularly in those years, in Lahore in 1944.
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Leon Trotsky and his far-left supporters roundly criticised the strategy. Trotsky believed that only united fronts could ultimately be progressive and that popular fronts were useless because they included bourgeois forces such as liberals. Trotsky also argued that in popular fronts, working-class demands are reduced to their bare minimum, and the ability of the working class to put forward its own independent set of politics is compromised. That view is now common to most Trotskyist groups.
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The idea of uneven and combined development, as formulated by Trotsky, as well as Lenin's "law" of uneven economic and political development under capitalism are still being used today, especially in academic studies of international relations, archaeology, anthropology and development economics, as well as in discussions of the Trotskyist movement. Such International relations schools as the world-systems theory and dependency theory have been both influenced by Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism and Trotsky's writings on the subject.
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Prior to the March convention, the Trotskyist Socialist Appeal faction held an organizational gathering of their own, meeting in Chicago, with 93 delegates gathering from February 20–22, 1937. The meeting organized the faction on a permanent basis, electing a National Action Committee of five to "coordinate branch work" and "formulate Appeal policies".The committee included Vincent Dunne, Albert Goldman, Max Shachtman and Richard Babb Whitten. Myers, Constance Ashton (1977). The Prophet's Army. pp. 128-129.
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John Brooks Wheelwright (sometimes Wheelright) (9 September 1897 - 13 September 1940) was an American poet from a Boston Brahmin background. He belonged to the poetic avant garde of the 1930s and was a Marxist, a founder- member of the Trotskyist Socialist Workers Party in the United States. He was bisexual. He died after being struck by an automobile at the intersection of Beacon St. and Massachusetts Avenue in the early morning hours of September 13, 1940.
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The Marxist Party was a tiny Trotskyist political party in the United Kingdom. It was formed as a split from Sheila Torrance's Workers' Revolutionary Party in 1987 by Gerry Healy and supporters including Vanessa and Corin Redgrave. At first, it was also known as the Workers Revolutionary Party, but it renamed itself later in the year. The party also maintained its own version of the International Committee of the Fourth International, although this was moribund by the late 1990s.
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Communism: A Love Story (Melbourne University Press, 2007) is a biography of the radical intellectual Guido Baracchi, a founder of the Communist Party of Australia. The book traces Baracchi's political career from his support for the Industrial Workers of the World to his association with the Trotskyist Fourth International; it also examines his turbulent personal life and his relationships with writers such as Katharine Susannah Prichard, Lesbia Harford and Betty Roland. It was shortlisted for the Colin Roderick Award.
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In August 1937, he was appointed commissar of the 1st Military Construction Brigade there. On 7 February 1938, he was arrested by the NKVD and in May 1939 charged with committing crimes under Article 58 of the RSFSR Penal Code, which carried the death penalty. Rudniev initially confessed to creating the Trotskyist organization in his fortified area but refused to confess to espionage and sabotage charges. He soon retracted his confession, stating that it was made under duress.
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Menéndez progressed from a cadet at the national military college to the top ranks of the Argentine military. As a full colonel serving in the 5th Infantry Brigade, he participated between July 1975 and January 1976Malvinas: Testimonio de su Gobernador, Mario Benjamín Menéndez, Carlos M. Túrolo, p. 53, Editorial Sudamericana, 1983 in Operativo Independencia, a counter-insurgency campaign against trotskyist ERP guerrilla operating in Tucuman province. He later commanded the 6th Mountain Brigade in Neuquén province.
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The New Militant was the official organ of the Workers Party of the US throughout its approximately 18 months of existence. The Workers Party of the United States (WPUS) was established in December 1934 by a merger of the American Workers Party (AWP) led by A.J. Muste and the Trotskyist Communist League of America (CLA) led by James P. Cannon. The party was dissolved in 1936 when its members entered the Socialist Party of America en masse.
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A meeting was held in Brussels at the end of October 1935 between Alessandro Consani for PSIm and the leaders of Left Fraction of PCd'I, followed by a meeting held on 5 November by Consani, Dino Mariani, Nicola Di Bartolomeo and other Trotskyist exponents for their admission to the party. Another meeting was held five days later, with the participation of Trotskyist Mario Bavassano, and the formation of an Agreement Committee (Comitato d’Intesa) was approved, pushing on Pietro Tresso, Alfonso Leonetti, Paolo Ravazzoli and other NOI leader in order to make them join to PSIm. The Party Direction, considering the leave of Balabanoff to the United States, redistributed the charges: international relations were entrusted to Balabanoff and Giuseppe Andrich, relations with not French federations to Santo Semeraro, communications with the United Front to Siro Burgassi, while Dino Mariani became the effective secretary replacing Angelica Balabanoff. Meanwhile, a polemic was provoked towards Dino Mariani by Alessandro Consani, a maximalist leader who would be later revealed as an agent provocateur and spy for Fascist OVRA,.
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The Non-European Unity Movement (NEUM) is a Trotskyist organisation formed in South Africa in 1943. It had links to the Workers Party of South Africa (WPSA), the first countrywide Trotskyist organisation, and was initially conceived as a broad protest front. It proposed a 10 Point Programme of radical reforms. It stressed non-racialism, meaning that it rejected race- based organising (and the concept of race itself), unlike the main nationalist groups of the time, was highly critical of the South African Communist Party and the African National Congress, and made a principle of non-collaboration with the apartheid regime and its allies The ANC Transformed, by Mercia Andrews, Amandla Magazine, April 2012 The movement developed a substantial influence in the Cape Province, including Pondoland, and had some role in the 1950-1961 Pondoland peasant revolt, but split in 1957. The faction around Isaac Bangani Tabata formed a new African Peoples' Democratic Union of Southern Africa (APDUSA) in 1961, and the Unity Movement of South Africa (UMSA) in exile in 1964, and engaged in armed struggle.
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This article was issued in response to the creation by Annie Lacroix-Riz, of "a website to appeal to his colleagues to mobilize against an unspeakable lie that ran the world for seventy years: No, ladies and gentlemen, there was no famine in Ukraine in 1932-1933, much less a famine that would have caused millions of deaths, and especially not a famine organized by the Soviet regime itself". Subsequently, in 2007 and in 2008 respectively, historians Annie Lacroix-Riz (Militant Communist) and (Militant Trotskyist) criticized Stéphane Courtois for having expressed his views in an interview with the extreme right monthly '.Interview with Stéphane Courtois Communism equivalence to Nazism is finally allowed! Le Choc du mois 17 November 2007Letter from Annie Lacroix- Riz, "Stéphane Courtois in his works", in Journal of the labour movement No. 37, first quarter 2008 In 2009, he criticized the militant Trotskyist and historian Jean-Jacques Marie for the contents of chapter entitled: "1922: the year of serenity", published in his biography Lenin, 1870-1924 (Balland, Paris, 2004).
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Through the 1950s the SRG had a loose relationship with the US Independent Socialist League (ISL) led by Max Shachtman until it dissolved in 1958. It then retained links with comrades coming out of that group and with other individuals in the international Trotskyist movement. But there was no significant growth in support for its ideas until the late 1960s. Some of the ideas of the IST, such as the permanent arms economy were originally developed from writings published by the ISL.
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The Communist > Manifesto. Çayan argues that the permanent revolution was the revolution considered for Germany by Marx and Engels and this permanent revolution was not a stageless, but a stagewise revolution theory. This is the fundamental property of this theory which was applied to life in the imperialist epoch by Lenin that distinguishes itself from the theory of Trotskyist permanent revolution. Not only Marx and Engels, but also Gottschalk and his supporters have considered the permanent revolution for Germany in 1849.
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However, the permanent revolution of Gottschalk and his supporters is a stageless or a one-stage revolution. According to Çayan, underestimating of the revolutionary potential of the peasants and refusal to make an alliance with the proletariat are the essences of this theory. Finally, Çayan stated: "The essence of Trotsky's Permanent Revolution Theory, that he tried to base on Marx, belongs to the vulgar communists Gottschalk and Weitling, meaning that the Trotskyist Permanent Revolution Theory is NOT a Marxist Theory".Çayan, Mahir.
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The Left Bloc (B.E.) was formed in March 1999 by the merger of the People's Democratic Union (União Democrática Popular, UDP, communist: Marxist), Revolutionary Socialist Party (Partido Socialista Revolucionário, PSR, ex-LCI, Trotskyist Mandelist), and Politics XXI (Política XXI, PXXI, democratic socialist). B.E. has had full party status since its founding, yet the constituent groups have maintained their existence as individual political associations, so retaining some levels of autonomy in a loose structure. In the 1999 legislative election the B.E. polled at 2%.
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The second Socialist Outlook was the publication of the International Socialist Group, the Trotskyist organisation which was the British section of the Fourth International between 1987 and 2009. Launched as a bi-monthly magazine in May 1987, the title Socialist Outlook was partly selected because, at that time, most of the ISG's members were also active in the Labour Party. It was published as a fortnightly newspaper between 1992 and 2002. It was then a quarterly magazine and used the .
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In uniting the large majority of Trotskyists in one organisation, the Fourth International created a tradition which has since been claimed by many Trotskyist organisations. Echoing Marx's Communist Manifesto, the Transitional Programme ended with the declaration "Workers men and women of all countries, place yourselves under the banner of the Fourth International. It is the banner of your approaching victory!". It declared demands to be placed on capitalists, opposition to the bureaucracy in the Soviet Union, and support for workers' action against fascism.
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He rose to prominence leading the party through World War II, when it was key to the anti-war movement, culminating in its proscription and his escape from Ceylon to India. In India, he founded the Bolshevik–Leninist Party of India, which was a revolutionary Trotskyist party, campaigning for independence and socialism in South Asia. He was a significant figure in the Quit India Movement alongside Mahatma Gandhi, leading to India's independence from Britain in 1947. In 1948, Ceylon followed.
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In 1948, Walsh was elected to the Toronto Board of Education by acclamation and was re-elected in 1949 before being defeated in 1950. Walsh ran in the 1958 federal election in Spadina and then in a by-election in Trinity, both Toronto ridings, but was unsuccessful. He returned to Montreal in the 1960s becoming leader of the Communist Party of Quebec in 1962. In 1972, he denounced Trotskyist support for Quebec independence resulting in a number of defections from the party.
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The Labour Party formed a coalition Government with Fine Gael and Spring was appointed a junior minister on his first day as a Deputy. When Michael O'Leary resigned as party leader after the February 1982 general election, Spring allowed his name to go forward in the leadership contest. He easily defeated Barry Desmond and Michael D. Higgins, but inherited the leadership of a deeply divided party. Spring was a strong opponent of anti- coalition politics and systematically removed Trotskyist activists from the party.
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The "deep entry" tactic was developed as a way for Trotskyists to respond to the Cold War. In countries with mass social democratic or communist parties, it was as difficult to be accepted into these parties as it was to build separate Trotskyist parties. Therefore, Trotskyists were advised to join the mass party. In Europe, that was the approach used, for example, by The Club and later Socialist Action in the Labour Party, and by Fourth Internationalists inside the Communist Parties.
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Mason later described UKIP voters in unfavourable terms, stating "They are toe-rags, basically. They are the bloke who nicks your bike". In 2016, Mason distanced himself from his former involvement in far-left Trotskyist politics, by saying that he no longer holds such views and identifies with a "radical social democracy". Responding to comments by the then-Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne, he said: > As to Mr Osborne's claim that I am "revolutionary Marxist" it is completely > inaccurate.
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The Johnson–Forest tendency is a radical left tendency in the United States associated with Marxist theorists C.L.R. James and Raya Dunayevskaya, who used the pseudonyms J. R. Johnson and Freddie Forest respectively. They were joined by Grace Lee Boggs, a Chinese American woman who was considered the third founder. After leaving the Trotskyist Socialist Workers Party, Johnson–Forest founded their own organization for the first time, called Correspondence. This group changed its name to the Correspondence Publishing Committee the next year.
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Castoriadis argued that the special place accorded to the intellectual should belong to each autonomous citizen. However, he rejected attentisme, maintaining that in the struggle for a new society intellectuals needed to "place themselves at a distance from the everyday and from the real". Political philosopher Claude Lefort was impressed by Cornelius Castoriadis when he first met him. They published On the Regime and Against the Defence of the USSR, a critique of both the Soviet Union and its Trotskyist supporters.
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At the beginning of the war, the UEC became the UELC (Union des étudiants et lycéens communistes, Union of Communist Students and Lycéens - lycéens being high school students). The Congrès des lycéens anti-fascistes (Congress of Antifascist Lycéens) merged into it. Dissolved after the Liberation, the UEC was re-created during the Fourth Republic, in 1956. Ten years later, "leftist" elements were excluded: those included Trotskyists who rejected Stalinism, such as Alain Krivine, future leader of the Trotskyist Revolutionary Communist League, and Maoists.
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The strike changed Minneapolis, which had been an open shop citadel under the control of the Citizens Alliance for years before 1934. In the aftermath of this strike thousands of other workers in other industries organized with the assistance of Local 574. The strike also gave the Communist League, later renamed the Workers Party of America, a strong position in Local 574, and in other Teamster locals within the metropolitan area of Minneapolis. Trotskyist strength grew to over 100 members.
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After his expulsion from the PCF, Rosmer helped found the journal La Révolutuion prolétarienne (The Proletarian Revolution) and participated in political activities in a circle organised around this magazine. He became the only member of the group to establish the first Trotskyist movement in 1929, but he left it in 1931 because of differences over political tactics. Nevertheless, he remained a convinced revolutionary, and his friendship with Trotsky was later repaired. He visited the exiled Trotsky in Mexico in 1939.
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The International League for the Reconstruction of the Fourth International, usually known as the Fourth International, was a Trotskyist political international led by Michel Varga. The group's origins lay in the International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI). Varga's League of Revolutionary Socialists of Hungary was based in Paris and was close to the Internationalist Communist Organisation (OCI), and in particular Pierre Broué. It joined the ICFI in 1963, but when the OCI left the ICFI in 1971, Varga's group took their side.
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See also Socialist International, list of democratic socialist parties and organizations and list of social democratic parties. A number of affiliates of the Trotskyist International Socialist Alternative also use the name "Socialist Party". This list only includes parties that use the exact name "Socialist Party" for themselves, sometimes alongside the name of the country in which they operate. The list does not include political parties that use the word "Socialist" in addition to one or more other political adjectives in their names.
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The political magazine The New Republic actively campaigned in its pages against the CCF.Bullert, The Politics of John Dewey, 1983, p. 140. The New Republic accused the CCF of actively aiding fascism and supporting a Trotskyist revolution in the U.S.Cooney, The Rise of The New York Intellectuals: 'Partisan Review' and Its Circle, 2004, p. 143–144. Freda Kirchwey, editor of The Nation (a liberal political magazine), strongly criticized the CCF for equating Stalinism and fascism without recognizing the two political systems' differences.
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Stephanie C. Salzmann, Great Britain, Germany and the Soviet Union, Boydell Press 2013. Page 91. "Both countries regarded eastern Europe as a potential future troublespot due to the numerous conflicting interests.... The border states were now regarded as a cordon sanitaire against the spread of communism beyond Soviet Russia,..." The policy was very successful. At the time, Soviet foreign policy was driven by the Trotskyist idea of permanent revolution, the end goal of which was to spread communism worldwide through perpetual warfare.
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In 1937, during the Soviet Great Purge, many intellectuals in the Moldavian ASSR, accused of being enemies of the people, bourgeois nationalist or Trotskyist, were removed from their positions and repressed, with a large number of them executed. In 1938 the Cyrillic script was again declared official for the Moldavian language and the Latin script was banned. However, the literary language did not fully return to Madan's creation and remained closer to Romanian. After 1956, Madan's influences were entirely dropped from school books.
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SP campaigns for democratic socialism, opposing the bureaucratic 'communist' dictatorships of countries such as China, North Korea, and Cuba.Brandon Madsen, "Socialism: Answering common questions" Socialist Party. 1 February 2012 (accessed 28 February 2012) It is closely affiliated with the CWI sections in Taiwan, Hong Kong and mainland China which stand in opposition to the Chinese Communist Party. It follows in the Trotskyist tradition of internationalism, and attempts to produce a Marxist analysis of current events to inform its various campaigns.
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Julien Dray (born 5 March 1955 in Oran, French Algeria) is a French politician. He is a member of the French Socialist Party, member of the regional council of Île-de-France and was a member of the National Assembly of France between 1988 and 2012. He was a Trotskyist activist till 1981 and a cofounder with his friend Harlem Désir of SOS Racisme, of which he was vice president from 1984 to 1988.Christophe Nick, Les Trotskistes, Fayard, 2002, p.
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At a meeting on 13 May 1937 Largo Caballero gave a report on the Barcelona May Days disturbances. The two communist ministers demanded that Largo Caballero dissolve the anarchist Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) and the Trotskyist Partido Obrero de Unificación Marxista (POUM), and resigned when they were refused. On 14 May 1937 Negrín and Gracia met Largo Caballero to submit their resignations, which exacerbated the cabinet crisis. The outcome was the Largo Caballero resigned and was replaced by the Negrín.
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Cannon, Shachtman, and Martin Abern then set up the Trotskyist Communist League of America, and recruited members from the CPUSA.Alexander, pp. 765–767. The League then merged with A. J. Muste's American Workers Party in 1934, forming the Workers Party. New members included James Burnham and Sidney Hook.Alexander, p. 777. By the 1930s the Socialist Party was deeply divided between an Old Guard, led by Hillquit, and younger Militants, who were more sympathetic to the Soviet Union, led by Norman Thomas.
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In the 1970s, when divisions surfaced over guerrilla warfare inside the International, Moreno lead the pro-SWP faction of the PRT which eventually established a public faction, the PRT-La Verdad. This group oriented around fighting for union rights and mass based party building. In 1973, it fused with the pro-Trotskyist Socialist Party of Argentina to found the Socialist Workers Party (PST) of Argentina. The PST sided with the SWP as Moreno had sided with them for several years.
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His works are influential in various theoretical, social, and historiographical contexts. His work is a staple of subaltern studies, and he figures as a pioneering and influential voice in postcolonial literature.Said, Edward, Culture and Imperialism, London: Chatto & Windus, 1993, p. 54. A tireless political activist, James is the author of the 1937 work World Revolution outlining the history of the Communist International, which stirred debate in Trotskyist circles, and in 1938 he wrote on the Haitian Revolution, The Black Jacobins.
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Hansen became politically radicalized during the Great Depression by becoming a convinced socialist and joining the American Trotskyist group led by James P. Cannon. With his wife, Reba, Hansen went to Mexico to meet the exiled Russian Communist leader, Leon Trotsky. Hansen served as Trotsky's secretary and guard from 1937 for the next three years. When the Stalinist agent Ramón Mercader struck Trotsky in the head with an ice axe, Hansen, together with Charles Cornell, prevented the assassin from fleeing.
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Ronald Reagan represented the ascendency of the conservative movement within the modern Republican Party, a party which would become increasingly dominated by conservatives, Southerners, and Evangelical Christians during and after Reagan's administration. Vermont would consequently begin shifting increasingly toward the Democrats in the years to come. It is a highly Democratic state today, , as it has been for over 25 years. Then activist Bernie Sanders served as an elector for Andrew Pulley, a Trotskyist and candidate of the Socialist Workers Party.
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In 1989, DKP joined with two other left- wing parties, the Left Socialists, and the Trotskyist Socialist Workers Party to form the broad-based Unity List – The Red-Green Alliance (Danish: Enhedslisten – De Rød-Grønne). Gert Petersen, then-Chairman of the Socialist People's Party (SF), claimed at the time that cooperation between such diffuse ideological currents would fail.DKP fik ikke gjort op med stalinister, Ole Dall, Berlingske Tidende, 19 April 1990, s. 10Camilla Plum Venstrefløjen passé, Terkel Svensson, Berlingske Tidende, 20.
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The Labour Party Pakistan (, LPP) was a far-left political party and a leading labor union, closely allying associating with Fourth International. It claimed membership of 7,300 members in 2009. It originates from the Trotskyist tradition. Its founders were students in the Netherlands who came into contact with the Committee for a Workers' International and were recruited to that body in 1980. They returned to Pakistan in 1986 and began carrying out entry work in the Pakistan Peoples Party as The Struggle.
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In the late 1960s, as the civil rights campaign took off, People's Democracy, before it became a small Trotskyist group, included some self-described anarchists such as John McGuffin and Jackie Crawford. The latter was one of the group who sold Freedom in Belfast's Castle Street in the late 1960s. There was an anarchist banner on the Belfast-Derry civil rights march. PD members, including John Grey, contributed to a special issue of the British Anarchy Magazine about Northern Ireland in 1971.
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Ms Fitzpatrick concealed a period of employment when she was working for Ford, but was dismissed after 9 days for bad references. An Evening Standard article had revealed, after she had been working for a few months with the British Railways Board, she had been a member of a Trotskyist group called Socialist Action (UK). She was dismissed for ‘untruthfulness and lack of trust’. Ms Fitzpatrick claimed the dismissal was unlawful, as it was because of her trade union activity.
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According to Jack Soble's testimony during Robert's trial, they were personally granted permission for the move by NKVD director Lavrenty Beria, on condition that they assist in Soviet espionage activities in the United States.Anderson, NY Times. After arriving in the United States, Soblen set up a psychiatric practice in New York. According to testimony at his trial, Soblen's activities also included spying on the Trotskyist movement in the United States, and transmitting stolen intelligence documents and military information to the Soviet Union.
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The International Communist League (LCI) was a Trotskyist political party in Vietnam. It was founded as the October Group in 1932, by a split in the Indochinese Bolshevik-Leninist Group, which also produced the Struggle Group. The group acquired its name from its journal, Thang muoi (October). The October Group supported but did not join La Lutte, a united front of the Struggle Group and the Indochinese Communist Party (PCI), as it would have had to withhold its criticisms of the PCI.
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Raymond Molinier (1904-1994) was a leader of the Trotskyist movement in France and a pioneer of the Fourth International. Molinier was born in Paris. In 1929, founded the journal La Vérité, and in March 1936 he and Pierre Frank co- founded the Parti communiste internationaliste, which merged with two other groups to form the Parti ouvrier internationaliste in June of that year. At the outbreak of World War II Molinier was abroad and only returned after the cessation of hostilities.
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At this time, he was a member of Militant, a Trotskyist group in the Labour Party.Michael Crick, Militant Marino left the Labour Party in the 1990s, and joined the Socialist Labour Party, for which he stood unsuccessfully in London at the European Parliament election, 1999, championing a Eurosceptic position. Marino remained general secretary of BFAWU until his retirement in 2010. From 1998, he also served on the executive of the General Federation of Trade Unions, and as its chair from 2009 until 2011.
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Even to party members, some leaders were known only by cadre names. The party justified such secrecy measures by the possibility that it may have to enter clandestinity, should a highly repressive government take power. For similar reasons, marriages and children were strongly discouraged. Bernard Seytre, a member of LO for 20 years, confirmed the "iron discipline which rhythms the life of this Trotskyist organisation, whose responsibles [cadres] do not have the right to have children, lest they be excluded".
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Yezhov mentioned thousand of discovered Trotskyist spies, reported the arrests of Pyatakov and Radek, and accused Nikolai Bukharin and Alexey Rykov of being in the Anti-Soviet Right Center. In the following discussion the Central Committee considered the possible arrest of Bukharin, but agreed to delay the decision until the next plenum (the resolution was proposed by Joseph Stalin). ;December 5: The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union adopted the 1936 Soviet Constitution. The constitution proclaimed equal rights of all citizens.
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Upon its initial publication the book received a positive review in The Times, with Edward Mortimer describing it as "crisp and carefully documented". However, C. C. Aronsfeld was critical in a review published in the journal International Affairs, stating that "Brenner has produced a party political tract that unhinges the balance of history by ignoring too many difficulties, especially psychological. For once Stalinists will be pleased with the work of a Trotskyist".See International Affairs, Vol 60, No. 1, (Winter 1983–1984), pp.
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Socialist Action is a small Trotskyist group in the United Kingdom.Nick Cohen "Why Ken Livingstone is not fit for office", The Observer, 20 January 2008 From the mid-1980s Socialist Action became an entryist organisation, attempting to take over other organisations, with members using code names and not revealing their affiliation. It maintains a website but no publicly visible formal organisation. The organisation was linked with the 2000–2008 Greater London mayoral administrations of Ken Livingstone, although Livingstone was never a member.
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For the Trotskyists, Kirov's murder was the Stalinist equivalent of the Reichstag fire, deliberately started by the Nazis to justify the arrest of German Communists. The Trotskyist-Menshevik view became the dominant one among western historians, popularised in Robert Conquest's influential books. In The Great Terror, Conquest already undermined the official Soviet story of conspiracy and treason. Conquest placed the murder in 1934 of the Leningrad party boss, Sergei Kirov, one of Stalin's inner circle, as the key to the mechanism of terror.
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Shunned by Communists and harassed by the authorities in Paris, she resolved to return to Germany, relocating to the Saarland, a part of Germany which at this point was still under French military occupation. For some months she continued with her membership of the Trotskyist IKD. At the start of 1935, following a referendum, the Saarland was returned to Germany. Whether because of the changed frontiers, or because she had moved again, by this time Maria Reese was back in Germany.
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'Robin Kayser & Mohamed Adhikari, 2004, "Peasant and Proletarian: A History of the African Peoples' Democratic Union of Southern Africa," Kleio, volume 36, number 1, pp. 5-27 The tradition's influence was wider than its membership: for example, notable Marxist Neville Alexander, who helped found the Yu Chi Chan Club (YCCC) in 1961, and the National Liberation Front (NLF) in 1962, came from a NEUM / APUDSA background. Until the 1970s, the Unity Movement tradition was arguably the largest Trotskyist current in southern Africa.
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Peter Robb (born 1946 in Toorak, Melbourne) is an Australian author.Austlit - Peter Robb Robb spent his formative years in Australia and New Zealand, and between 1978 and 1992 he spent most of his time in Naples and southern Italy, interspersed with sojourns in Brazil. At the end of 1992 he returned to Sydney. Prior to 1978, whilst in Australia he was involved with a small trotskyist organisation, the Communist League (sympathising organisation of the Fourth International) helping to produce its newspaper "Militant".
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In that year he took up a professorship in political economy at the University of Leipzig in East Germany. Grossman's The Law of Accumulation and Breakdown of the Capitalist System(1929) despite being one of the first publications of the Frankfurt School was only made available in English translation in 1979 by Jairus Banaji, for an Indian Trotskyist organisation, the Platform Tendency. A recent edition is: . However, it is a condensed version and lacks the important concluding chapter of the German original.
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Flexer and the Red Circle joined the Revolutionary Marxist Group in 1973 which, in turn, joined with other Trotskyist groups to form the Revolutionary Workers League in 1977. In 1973, Flexer, a diesel mechanic and machinist by trade, was hired by Carruthers, the main Caterpillar service centre and dealership in Southern Ontario. There he joined the United Auto Workers union local 112, and became a shop steward and then plant chairman for the union. Flexer led a small industrial caucus within the RWL.
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Cannon, Shachtman, and Martin Abern then set up the Trotskyist Communist League of America, and recruited members from the CPUSA.Alexander, pp. 765–767. The League then merged with A. J. Muste's American Workers Party in 1934, forming the Workers Party. New members included James Burnham and Sidney Hook.Alexander, p. 777. By the 1930s the Socialist Party was deeply divided between an Old Guard, led by Hillquit, and younger Militants, who were more sympathetic to the Soviet Union, led by Norman Thomas.
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The Nava Sama Samaja Pakshaya (New Equal Society Party) is a Trotskyist political party in Sri Lanka. It was formed through the expulsion from the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP) of the Vama Samsamja tendency led by Dr Vickrambahu (Bahu), Sumanasiri Liyanage and some others. Siritunga Jayasuriya (Siri) and Vasudeva Nanayakkara (Vasu) joined later. In 1976 when the LSSP was thrown out of the coalition large numbers joined the tendency and in December 1977 it declared itself as Nava Sama Samaja Party.
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Some were from an Irish Republican background, and some, including Gerry Lawless,"In 1965 he [Lawless] set up the Irish Workers Group (IWG), the first Irish Trotskyist group since the 1940s. The IWG was small, but politically formative for a number of people who subsequently played significant roles in the Irish left – in particular, the leaders of People’s Democracy in the North." Maverick socialist whose charm won him friends in unlikely places (Obituary of Gerald Lawless). The Irish Times, 28 January 2012.
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Shachtman, Cannon and Abern were expelled from the Communist Party in October 1928 as Joseph Stalin took control of the Comintern. These three and a handful of others formed a group around a newspaper called The Militant. Winning new support, including an important group of trade unionists in Minneapolis, the group shortly thereafter formed the Trotskyist Communist League of America (CLA). As Tim Wohlforth notes, Shachtman was already noted as a talented journalist and intellectual: The Militant listed Shachtman as its managing editor.
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A number of political organizations have emerged from the Trotskyist movement which have considered themselves to be Marxist. This broad tendency is described as "Left Shachtmanism," but does not include followers of Tony Cliff, such as the International Socialist Tendency,"Tony Cliff and Max Shachtman", part 3 , in Workers' Liberty, 2/1, September 2001. as Cliff himself was greatly critical of Shachtman's entire political life and theoretical work.Paul Hampton, "Why does Cliff traduce Shachtman", Workers' Liberty, No.63, April 2000.
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After the fall of France, they renewed contact with militants in the Trotskyist milieu in Southern France and recruited some of them into the Communistes Revolutionnaires in 1942. This group became known as Fraternisation Proletarienne in 1943 and then L'Organisation Communiste Revolutionnaire in 1944. The CR and RKD were autonomous and clandestine, but worked closely together with shared politics. As the war ran its course, they evolved in a councilist direction while also identifying more and more with Luxemburg's work.
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The first meeting of the initiative took place on 11 March 2006. It was attended by left socialists and greens, representatives of the Communist Party (PC), the trotskyist Movement for a Socialist Alternative (LSP/MAS) and Socialist Workers Party (POS), Humanist Party (PH) and groups such as Unite Resistance and Against the Current. On 28 October 2006, a joint conference with the Flemish Committee for Another Policy (CAP) took place in Brussels, attended by 650 people. But differences soon became apparent.
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489The Method of Marxism and A Reply to Comrade Clifford (1966) A critical article on the ICG and Clifford by Ted Grant. This body consisted largely of Irish people who were living in London and were opposed to the Soviet-aligned communist organisations intended for Irish people. Following a 1965 split, the Maoist wing named itself the Irish Communist Organisation, which later became the British and Irish Communist Organisation. The broadly Trotskyist wing, led by Gerry Lawless, became the Irish Workers' Group.
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At the 1964 LSSP conference, he was aligned with Dr N.M. Perera on the question of whether or not to enter the Coalition Government of Mrs Sirimavo Bandaranaike. The Party did enter the Government and he became one of the first three Trotskyist cabinet ministers. He received the portfolio of Communications (Transport) and set to work to build up the country's transport resources. He established Employees' Councils to help run the Ceylon Government Railway and the Ceylon Transport Board (CTB).
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At the secret trial on 11 June, known as the Case of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization, Kork did not answer when asked if he had conducted spying. He was convicted of "involvement in a military conspiracy in the Red Army and in preparing to overthrow Soviet power through an armed uprising and the defeat of the Soviet Union in a future war." He was shot in Moscow the next day and buried in the Donskoye Cemetery. The Frunze Military Academy was purged.
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According to Trotskyist Brian Pearce, "during the entire period up to the fall of France the British Communist Party functioned as a propaganda agency for Hitler." B. Farnborough, "Marxists in the Second World War," Labour Review, Vol. 4 No. 1, April–May 1959, pp. 25–28 However, as Trotskyism continued to attack the Soviet Union, aid European social-democracy and support striking militants, the CPGB considered necessary to put up an intense fight to resist the so-called 'Trotskyists agents'.
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Henri Weber was an activist in the May 1968 uprising and was a leading member of the Trotskyist Jeunesse communiste révolutionnaire (Revolutionary Communist Youth) and Revolutionary Communist League (LCR) before joining the PS. He was also a substitute for the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs, a member of the delegation to the EU–Russia Parliamentary Cooperation Committee, and a substitute for the delegation for relations with Japan. Weber died, aged 75, after contracting COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in France.
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Meanwhile, in the LSSP a number of members had become influenced by the ideas of the Left Opposition led by Leon Trotsky. Individual party members, notably Philip Gunawardena, had encountered Trotskyist groups earlier during stays in Britain and the USA. The Trotskyists within the LSSP came together and formed a secret faction known as the "T" (after Trotsky) group. The group's original members were Philip Gunawardena, N. M. Perera, Colvin R. de Silva, Leslie Goonewardene, Robert Gunawardena and Vernon Gunasekera, the Party Secretary.
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In 1923 he joined the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, but he was expelled due to his criticism of Stalin's policy. He was arrested by the Gestapo in 1939 and imprisoned until 1945 in various concentration camps. After the war he was branded as a Trotskyist and accused of being the member of a supposed plot to overthrow the Communist regime. He was sentenced to death along with his co- defendants, Milada Horáková, Jan Buchal and Oldřich Pecl, on 8 June 1950, and executed.
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POUM came out as a result of the merger of Izquierda Comunista de España (ICE) and Bloque Obrero y Campesino (BOC), representing Trotskyist factions in the anarchist and communist movements. It was led by Andreu Nin, Joaquín Maurín and Juan Andrade. It saw its greatest support in Catalonia, where BOC had already developed a large support organization. As dissenting communists, they would soon find themselves in conflict with the Communist Party of Spain, and CNT who saw them as potential rivals.
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The Workers' Party () is a far-left Trotskyist political party of Costa Rica. The party was founded on 1 May 2012 on the basis of the student organization Movement toward Socialism led by labor union leader and lawyer Hector Monestel, and currently holds no seats in parliament nor municipal offices. It is a member of the International Workers League – Fourth International. Highly critical of the more moderate Broad Front (the main left-wing party of Costa Rica), it proclaims itself as a "classist and socialist alternative".
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In the Anglo- American context, the weeklies Spectator and the New Statesman, nominally if broadly Tory and Labour, respectively, remain the most prominent such journals in Britain, with both their stateside counterparts, The Nation and The New Republic, on the other hand, said to represent the liberal point of view. Other "little magazines" include the American quarterly Partisan Review (1933–2003), whose inaugural decades of distinction were marked by a devotion to Marxist or Trotskyist ideals in politics and to high modernism in the arts.
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Socialist Alternative () is a Trotskyist political party in the Canadian province of Quebec. It is affiliated to the Committee for a Workers' International. It was formed in 2009 by former members of the Communist Party of Quebec as the Movement for the Socialist Party of Quebec (Mouvement pour le Parti socialiste du Québec, MPSQ). In 2010 it renamed itself in order to prevent confusion about its role and objectives, particularly due to association in people's minds with the centre-left Socialist Party in France.
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A trained nurse, Helena helped found the Center of Health at the Federal University of Alagoas. She was also involved in the student movements against the military dictatorship. She became a member of the left-wing Workers' Party (PT) and a leader of Socialist Democracy, a Trotskyist caucus in PT. In 1992, Helena was chosen as deputy mayor of Maceió as part of the PT-PSB coalition government. In 1994, she was elected as a councilwoman in Alagoas and in 1998 was elected to the Federal Senate.
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In 1982, the group managed to resist a takeover attempt by the Trotskyist International Marxist Group (IMG). The campaign met with opposition from the Communist Party and some within the Labour Party. The PSC called for British trade unions to cut their links with state-run trade unions in Eastern bloc countries, a demand which was oddly resisted by the IMG. It also called on the Labour Party to discontinue its policy of inviting Eastern bloc Communist Party members as delegates to the annual Labour Party Conference.
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His seat in parliament is likely to have saved his life. It is suggested that the Soviet Interior Ministry had planned to arrest Larsen, but general secretary Georgi Dimitrov of the Comintern did not want to arrest a member of a foreign parliament and intervened. Arne Munch-Petersen, who had been part of the negotiations with Larsen, did not have that protection and was arrested on 26 July 1937. After three weeks of torture and interrogations, he confessed to Trotskyist activity and was imprisoned.
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This perspective was accepted within the Fourth International, yet sowed the seeds for the split in 1953. At the Third World Congress, the sections agreed with the perspective of an international civil war. The French section disagreed with the associated tactic of entryism sui generis, and held that Pablo was underestimating the independent role of the working class parties in the Fourth International. The leaders of the majority of the Trotskyist organisation in France, Marcel Bleibtreu and Pierre Lambert, refused to follow the line of the International.
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Most of the demands on capitalists remain unfulfilled. The collapse of the Soviet Union occurred, but through a social revolution leading to the restoration of capitalism, rather than the political revolution proposed by the Trotskyists. Many Trotskyist groups have been active in anti-fascist campaigns, but the Fourth International has never played a major role in the toppling of a regime. Those groups which follow traditions that left the Fourth International in its early years argue that, despite initially correct positions, it had little impact.
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Myra Tanner Weiss (May 17, 1917 – September 13, 1997) was an American Communist following Trotskyism, and a three time U.S. Vice-Presidential candidate of the Socialist Workers Party. Myra Tanner was recruited to the American Trotskyist movement in 1935, while at the university in Salt Lake City. In 1942, she married Murry Weiss, also a member of the SWP. They were living and working for the Party in Los Angeles, and Myra Tanner ran for the mayor of Los Angeles in 1945 and 1949.
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The alliance grew out of local Socialist Alliances formed by the Socialist Party, Alliance for Workers' Liberty, Independent Labour Network and independent socialists from 1992 onward. They gradually coalesced into the national Network of Socialist Alliances. The Welsh Socialist Alliance was closely allied to the SA but had separate origins. The Socialist Alliance was named and expanded in 1999 when other Trotskyist groups including the Socialist Workers Party, the International Socialist Group and Workers Power joined, as did the formerly separate London Socialist Alliance.
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In the latter half of the 1970s, RWP developed contacts with the international Spartacist tendency. The relationship with the Spartacists was broken in 1979, and in 1981 RWP suffered a split when a minority formed the Spartacist Group India/Lanka. After the break with the Spartacists, RWP developed close contacts to an Italian split- off from iSt, the Revolutionary Workers Group (GOR). In 1991 RWP was one of the founder of the International Liaison Committee of Communists, an international Trotskyist tendency that is now defunct.
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After the Soviet invasions of Hungary in 1956, and especially Czechoslovakia in 1968, many western Communists began to question their allegiance to the Soviet Union. Some disillusioned communists swung to the left and joined Trotskyist parties. Others, led by Enrico Berlinguer's Italian Communist Party (PCI), stayed within the Communist Parties and developed their own critique. This would essentially lead to an expanded version of the "popular front" policies of the 1930s, with a number of CPs attempting to ingratiate themselves to the existing political establishment.
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Articulating these positions were Ken Cloke and Michael Tigar, two SLATE representatives elected to the ASUC Senate in the early 1960s. SLATE served as an umbrella group for students whose politics ranged from Young Democrats to Trotskyist, and never became the exclusive possession of any one political sect or grouping. As Mike Miller put it, SLATE followed a politics of the "lowest significant common denominator," in maintaining a multi-issue student organization committed to democracy, human rights, and peace.Miller, "Organizing for Social Change", Social Policy, Winter 2000.
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Vanzler joined the Communist League of America, the main American Trotskyist political organization of the day, in 1933. He began using the pseudonym "John G. Wright" at this time and began to produce a vast array of translations from Russian and French to English on behalf of the political movement to which he gave his allegiance. Vanzler was a founding member of the Socialist Workers Party in 1938. He was a member of its governing National Committee from 1938 until his death in 1956.
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He is the son of Jean Recanati and half-brother of militant Trotskyist Michel Recanati. After secondary studies at the Lycee Jacques-Decour and the Sorbonne, he received his degree in philosophy in 1974. He later studied at Oxford University and the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences (EHESS), where he became lecturer in the areas of pragmatic linguistics and philosophy of language (1975-1990). He has previously taught at the University of California, Berkeley; Harvard University; and the University of St Andrews.
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Debate still continues as to whether he was forced to write the editorial, but he had seen Trotskyist friends arrested and killed by the Soviet secret police. The Soviet government sent him to work in the Ural Heavy Machinery Plant, a steel factory in the Urals, Yekaterinburg (then Sverdlovsk), where he met Faina Ipat'evna Vakhreva, a native Belarusian. They married on 15 March 1935, and she would later take the Chinese name, Chiang Fang-liang. In December of that year, their son, Hsiao-wen was born.
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Bach, along with the Richters, was put under suspicion of being a Trotskyist or Zinovievist, charges put forcefully by Robert Naumann. They were required to remain in Moscow while the charge was investigated, and on 28 October 1936 were found guilty by the Comintern's International Control Commission. They were placed in detention on 10 March 1937 and sent to gulags on the Kolyma River. While the Richters were later executed on charges of terrorism, Bach was reported to have died of natural causes in 1941.
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The remaining two members of the tendency then formed a Liaison Committee with the Workers International Review Group which led to the formation of the Revolutionary Internationalist League in November 1984,Barberis, P. et al. Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations: Parties, Groups and Movements of the 20th Century A&C; Black, 2000, p160 which was the British section of the International Trotskyist Committee (formed that summer from the TILC) until its split in 1991. The rump WIL would seem to have expired in the meantime.
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The Last Judgement played a significant part in his conversion to Christianity. In Chapter 1, Hitchens describes abandoning religion in his youth, and promoting "cruel revolutionary rubbish" as a Trotskyist activist. He claims his generation had become intellectually aloof from religion, rebellious and disillusioned and in Chapter 2 explores further reasons for this disillusion, including the Suez Crisis and the Profumo affair. In Chapter 3, Hitchens recounts how he embraced scientific inquiry and adopted liberal positions on issues such as marriage, abortion, homosexuality, and patriotism.
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The Revolutionary Socialist Party (, ), abbreviated to RSP, was a far-left party in Luxembourg. At its start, it was a Trotskiyst group active in the late sixties in the General Association of Luxembourgish Students. When the majority of students' group became Maoist and was transformed in the Revolutionary Socialist Left, the Trotskyist minority split and founded the Revolutionary Communist League () in September 1970. It published Klassenkampf starting in 1970, and in December 1984 was renamed the Revolutionary Socialist Party and published Sozialistesch Aktioun until 1992.
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Myers, The Prophet's Army, pg. 124. Cannon went to Tujunga, California, a suburb of Los Angeles, to establish another new newspaper, Labor Action, targeted to trade unionists and Socialist Party members and aimed at winning them over to Trotskyist views while Shachtman and Burnham handled the bulk of the faction's activities in New York. Norman Thomas attracted nearly 188,000 votes in his 1936 Socialist Party run for President, but performed poorly in historic strongholds of the party. Moreover, the party's membership had begun to decline.
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The opposition factions continued to support the theory of permanent revolution and the Trotskyist label: they anticipated that the SWP leadership was reassessing its place in the Fourth International. While declaring their support to the Cuban and the leftist Nicaraguan governments, they were more critical of the Castroist and Sandinista leadership. Additionally, they continued to oppose the "turn to industry". One opposition group rallied around the Weinsteins on the West Coast (with supporters elsewhere too) while a second group rallied around George Breitman and Frank Lovell.
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Due to legal constraints, the SWP ended its formal affiliation with the Fourth International in the 1940s. It remained in close political solidarity with the Fourth International. The Socialist Workers Party broke formally with the Fourth International in 1990, though it had been increasingly inactive in the Trotskyist movement since National Secretary Jack Barnes' 1982 speech "Their Trotsky and Ours", which some view as signaling a break with Trotskyism. The SWP action followed the 1985 World Congress and the SWP closed Intercontinental Press in 1986.
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They were adamant against splitting the SWP, and obeying internal party discipline. At the 1963 SWP convention the Party decided to join the United Secretariat of the Fourth International and remove Wohlforth, who was already taking instructions from Healy, from his position on the Political Committee. The RMT members were expelled in early 1964 after disagreeing with the position the Party took with regard to the actions of the Trotskyist party in Ceylon. The expelled members reorganized themselves as the American Committee for the Fourth International.
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The Socialist Equality Party (, SGP) is a Trotskyist minor political party in Germany. It was founded in 1971 as the Federation of Socialist Workers (Bund Sozialistischer Arbeiter) by West German supporters of Gerry Healy's Socialist Labour League and was renamed the Party for Social Equality, Section of the Fourth International (, PSG) in 1997. On 18-19 February 2017, the party adopted its present name. It is classified as left-wing extremist and is under observation by the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution.
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When it was revived in 1956, he became Deputy Secretary of its Provisional Bureau. The group, while influential, attempted to quell the Hungarian Revolution, fearing a violent backlash."The Hungarian Revolution 1956 - Part 1 ", Permanent Revolution, October 2006 Following the defeat of the revolution, Varga escaped to Austria, then settled in Paris, where, following discussions with Pierre Broué, he became a Trotskyist and founded the League of Revolutionary Socialists of Hungary with other exiles.The Present Day Relevance of the Transitional Programme, Revolutionary History Vol.
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Born in 1950, North studied history in Connecticut, and became politicized by leftwing movements in the United States in 1968. He stated that he was influenced by the Vietnam War, but also by the historical experiences of World War II, fascism and The Holocaust. As an American Trotskyist, North is a longtime leader of the Socialist Equality Party (SEP). North is chair of the editorial board of the SEP's associated publication the World Socialist Web Site, which has a readership of 250,000 people each month.
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Instead they argued that "unconscious Trotskyists" would come to power in colonized countries as well as within the Stalinist bureaucracies. It was no longer necessary to build a mass Trotskyist party. Anyone who opposed these conceptions was silenced or expelled, breaking with the basic Leninist principle of inner- party democracy. In 1963 the SWP and the smaller Austrian, Canadian, Chinese and New Zealand sections of the ICFI agreed to reunite with the ISFI at the World Congress, to form the United Secretariat of the Fourth International.
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The Club was a Trotskyist group in the United Kingdom. It operated inside the Labour Party and was the official section of the Fourth International from 1950 until 1953 when, after the FI split, it became part of the International Committee of the Fourth International. Led by Gerry Healy, it published the newspaper Socialist Outlook until this was banned by Labour, whereupon it began selling Tribune, and eventually began a new paper, The Newsletter. In 1959 it was reconstituted as the Socialist Labour League.
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Pennsylvania State University Press. 2007. p. 488. On 5 March 1940, six members of the Politburo—Stalin, Vyacheslav Molotov, Lazar Kaganovich, Kliment Voroshilov, Anastas Mikoyan, and Mikhail Kalinin—signed an order to execute 25,700 Polish "nationalists and counterrevolutionaries" kept at camps and prisons in occupied western Ukraine and Belarus, part of the Katyn massacre. Kalinin was unable to protect even his own wife, Ekaterina Kalinina, who was critical of Stalin's policies and was arrested on 25 October 1938 on charges of being a "Trotskyist".
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In 1940 the family managed to take the last boat out of France, and settled in England. Pallis went up to study medicine at Balliol College, Oxford in 1941. Joining the Communist Party of Great Britain, he was quickly expelled for criticising its policy on the Second World War, and became a member of the Trotskyist Revolutionary Communist Party. In 1947 he married Jeanne Marty, a working-class French university student, and for a decade he dropped out of politics to pursue his medical career.
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Grylewicz was a founder member of the Leninbund and became the leading figure of its Trotskyist minority, eventually fusing with other groups to form the United Left Opposition of the KPD. During this time Grylewicz ran a publishing house for many of Trotsky's works. When the Nazis came to power in 1933, the SA destroyed Grylewicz's home and private library and he fled to Czechoslovakia, first living in Reichenberg, then Prague. His wife was under arrest in early 1933 and only joined him in July.
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EDEK had links to the international Non-Aligned Movement and was opposed to the right- wing Colonels' regime in Greece. Many of the party's members were part of the armed resistance to the 15 July 1974 coup against Makarios. The leader of the youth section of the party, Doros Loizou, was shot and killed in an attempt to murder Lyssaridis in August 1974. Several members of the party's youth section (EDEN) with Trotskyist tendencies were expelled between 1979 and 1984 and formed Aristeri Pteryga (Left Wing).
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Oak Park, MI: Mehring Books, 1998; pp. 96-97. The Kemerovo mine explosion and trial, which had resulted in death sentences for all nine defendants, was made the basis for the second of three great public show trials of the Great Purge — the so-called "Trial of the Anti-Soviet Trotskyist Center." This trial, held over an eight day period in January 1937, is best remembered for its lead defendants Iurii Piatakov and Karl Radek. Muralov was another of the leading defendants in this public spectacle.
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Canada had revoked Spector's citizenship and, in 1941, the Federal Bureau of Investigation learned that Spector was in the United States illegally and had him detained. As Canada refused to accept him, the United States began proceedings to deport him to the Soviet Union. The American Civil Liberties Union defended Spector on the grounds that, as a Trotskyist, his life would be in danger were he deported to the USSR. Spector eventually regained his Canadian citizenship and was permitted to remain in New York.
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The Workers League was a Trotskyist political party in Ireland. The group's origins lay in the League for a Workers Republic, an associate of the International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI). As that organisation began to split between the supporters of the Socialist Labour League (SLL) in Britain and those of the Internationalist Communist Organisation (OCI) in France. The majority of the League for a Workers Republic sided with the OCI, but a minority broke away in 1970 to form the League for a Workers Vanguard.
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Clara Levin Ant (born 7 February 1948) is a Bolivian architect and political activist in Brazil. She started her political activity in the Trotskyist movement Liberdade e Luta but later moved to the centre left. Ant has been an activist of the Brazilian Partido dos Trabalhadores since its onset and was the party's treasurer before been elected a parliamentarian in 1986. Later she became involved in the Executive branch of government as a regional administrator in the city of São Paulo under Marta Suplicy.
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In September 1937, Moyshe Kulbak was arrested during a wave of Stalinist purges. He was accused of espionage and executed a month later together with several dozens of other Belarusian writers, intellectuals and administrators. In 1956, after the death of Joseph Stalin, he was officially rehabilitated by the Soviet authorities.Расстраляныя літаратары. Мойша Кульбак, вытанчаны паэт з «трацкісцка-тэрарыстычнай арганізацыі» [The Executed Writers: Moshe Kulbak, the sophisticated poet from the 'Trotskyist- terrorist organization] - Radio Svaboda, 6 October 2017Bella Szwarcman- Czarnota: Z Wilna do Ziemi Izraela.
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Murray became editor of its newspaper, Labour Challenge, then briefly co-editor of a Quebec edition of the French Trotskyist paper, La Verité. In 1953, there was a major split in the Fourth International, to which the RWP was affiliated. In response to this, Murray theorised that World War III was imminent, and that given the weakness of the RWP, it was necessary to immediately enter the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (CCF). Joining with his brother-in-law, Joe Rosenthal and some supporters, he split from the RWP.
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Following the 1964 election, the Labour Party decided that the situation in South Paddington CLP could no longer be tolerated. The South Paddington Young Socialists' branch circulation of Trotskyist literature spurred the party to act. On 10 February 1965, it was announced that the constituency party had been disbanded and that a new organisation would be formed from the bottom up. The disbanded CLP then purported to expel from membership George Brown, who lived in the constituency, on the grounds that he had broken Labour Party policy.
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James Patrick Cannon (February 11, 1890 – August 21, 1974) was an American Trotskyist and a leader of the Socialist Workers Party. Born on February 11, 1890, in Rosedale, Kansas, the son of Irish immigrants with strong socialist convictions, he joined the Socialist Party of America (SPA) in 1908 and the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) in 1911. He was personally trained by "Big Bill" Haywood, a top IWW leader, and was an IWW organizer throughout the Midwest from 1912-14.Bio at reds.linefeed.
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Arthaud campaigning Nathalie Arthaud, a teacher of economics and management in a secondary school, is the candidate of Workers' Struggle. She succeeds famous perennial candidate Arlette Laguiller, who represented the party in six consecutive presidential elections, from 1974 to 2007. A Trotskyist, she has described herself as the "only communist candidate" in the election. She has stated that she does not aim to be elected, describing elections as "inessential", and considering that workers will obtain new rights only through their struggles rather than through the ballot box.
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By the 1980s, the Militant tendency had become the most prominent Trotskyist organisation in Britain. Two books by Peter Taaffe: The Rise of Militant and Liverpool – A City That Dared to Fight (with Tony Mulhearn) describe this period. The Labour Party under Michael Foot (and later Neil Kinnock) moved to purge Militant from the party. In 1983, Peter Taaffe, along with the other four members of the Militant newspaper's editorial board (Ted Grant, Keith Dickinson, Lynn Walsh, and Clare Doyle), were expelled from the Labour Party.
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In 1938, during the Great Purge which swept the USSR, Bebrits was arrested on charges of espionage, accused of having participated in a "Trotskyist conspiracy." He remained in prison for some 21 months, fortunately gaining his release in 1939 due to prosecutorial review of the evidence in his case. Following World War II, Bebrits returned to Hungary, where he served as State Minister for Transport and Post and as a member of the National Assembly. In 1957, Bebrits was named Hungarian ambassador to Sweden, Norway, and Iceland.
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Louisa Hanoune (; born 7 April 1954) is the head of Algeria's Workers' Party (Parti des Travailleurs, PT). In 2004, she became the first woman to run for President of Algeria. Hanoune was imprisoned by the government several times prior to the legalization of political parties in 1988. She was jailed soon after she joined the Trotskyist Social Workers Organisation, an illegal party, in 1981 and again after the 1988 October Riots, which brought about the end of the National Liberation Front's (FLN) single-party rule.
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This continued to exist, at least in some form, until as late as 1974.Stalinism and Trotskyism in Vietnam, pp. 50-54 By the early 1980s the history of the Vietnamese Trotskyist movement, which in the 1930s may been the most important expression of left opposition in Asia (possibly greater in its scope than in China and in advance of its emergence in IndiaAlexander, International Trotskyism 1929-1985), had been "all but forgotten by the Trotskyists themselves." Robert Alexander suggests two reasons for this.
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Said contended that Makiya was a Trotskyist in the late 1960s and early 1970s, but that he later "switched sides," profiting by designing buildings for Saddam Hussein. Said also asserted that Makiya mistranslated Arab intellectuals (including himself) so he could condemn them for not speaking out against the crimes of Arab rulers. Makiya had criticised Said for encouraging a sense of Muslim victimhood and offering inadequate censure to those in the Middle East who were themselves guilty of atrocities.Packer, George, The Assassin's Gate (London, 2006).
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Claude Henri Améganvi (born 12 August 1953, Lomé) is a Togolese Trotskyist and former political prisoner. An architect by training, in 1977 he joined the exile student movement in France in opposition to the one-party dictatorship of Gnassingbé Eyadéma. He helped found the Organisation of Togolese Workers for Democracy (OTTD) in 1988. He returned to Togo in 1991 during a period of political liberalisation and was a delegate to the National Conference and subsequently the High Council of the Republic (the transitional parliament).
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A new group of left wing writers deeply critical of the Soviet Union began to write for the publication, including James Burnham and Sidney Hook. The new period of independence had begun. Effective with the Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939, the magazine began to divorce itself from the Communist movement altogether, including its dissident Trotskyist wing. Rahv and Phillips gave qualified support to the campaign for American rearmament and the country's preparation for war, opposed by Macdonald and another editor at the time, Clement Greenberg.
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Regarding the Resistance as a way of establishing a new world order, de Sède moved about in Trotskyist circles. De Sède married Marie-Andrée in February 1947, commonly known as 'Sophie', who had been his companion in the resistance. He decided to study philosophy and became a pupil of Gaston Bachelard, under whom he wrote a dissertation on Jean-Jacques Rousseau. At the beginning of the 1950s de Sède associated with the poets Nazim Hikmet and Edouard Glissant, and with the philosopher Henri Lefebvre.
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Barnes has encouraged the SWP's growing interest in the Cuban Communist Party. In the 1960s he was a leader of the Fair Play for Cuba movement. This interest continues, and he wrote a 2001 book titled Cuba and the Coming American Revolution. The SWP views the Cuban Revolution and the Cuban Communist Party more sympathetically than do some other currents of the Trotskyist tradition, stressing the alleged vanguard role of Cuba's foreign policy and what socialists can learn from Cuba about building a socialist society.
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The LRWP was affiliated to the International Revolutionary Marxist Centre (often referred to as the London Bureau) with Field and Krehm attending the international association's Congress Against War, Fascism and Imperialism held in Brussels in 1936. After being expelled from his own organization, Field dropped out of politics and joined former supporter Nat Mendelsohn's prosperous real estate firm in California. He died in 1977. The exact date of the group's dissolution is uncertain, though a number of members rejoined the Trotskyist movement in the late 1930s.
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He opposed illegal immigration of Eastern European political refugees to France. On 16 March 1937, Dormoy provoked a crisis inside the Popular Front. The French Police opened fire on a crowd protesting against a Croix-de-Feu rally in Clichy, after the event had degenerated into disorder. Dormoy was subsequently attacked by Trotskyist groups and by Maurice Thorez, the leader of the French Communist Party, who held him responsible for the casualties, as Dormoy had initially authorised the Croix-de-Feu to march in the city.
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Dibi is of Moroccan descent. He has studied Media and Culture at the University of Amsterdam, specializing in cinema. He combined his study with activities in the Marxist Turkish Workers' Union in the Netherlands ( (HTIB), ), and in his own neighborhood Bos en Lommer in Amsterdam. Together with the Trotskyist International Socialists, he initiated the national demonstration Stop Bush! organizing protests when George W. Bush visited the Netherlands in 2005, and the national action committee Enough is Enough, which focused on the discrimination against Muslims.
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In the 1930s, Alksnis's grandfather, Yakov Alksnis () was the head of the Soviet Air Force. He also took part in the military tribunal for the Case of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization, which sentenced Mikhail Tukhachevsky and other high-ranking Soviet officers to death on Joseph Stalin's order. However, only eight months later, Yakov Alksnis himself was also arrested and executed. Alksnis's grandmother spent 14 years in labor camps and his father was discriminated for being the son of an "enemy of the people".
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After 1936, relations between the PSU and the PCR were again tense, leading to a scrutiny of Voitec and Ghelerter's stances by Stalinist observers. In July 1937, a notice published by the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia claimed that the PSU had become an adversary of proletarian solidarity, to emerge as a "Trotskyist agency planted in the bosom of Romania's working class.""Concentració de les forces democràtiques, tal és la imperiosa lliçó del moment a Rumania", in Front. Organ del P.S.U. de Catalunya, July 17, 1937, p.
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The Salvation Stage was the extension of the Maoist anti- Trotskyist movement and the censorship of newcomers who had come from the areas governed by the Kuomintang. The Central Social Department took control of the movement and turned it into a mass persecution in 1943. Thousands of people, especially those new members who came from areas governed by KMT, were purged, kept in custody, censored, mentally and physically tortured, and occasionally executed. Many of them were labeled as "spies of the Kuomintang" or "anti party activists".
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The movement suffered a further blow when the Socialist Workers League (as the Workers party was now called) was declared illegal under the Defence of Canada Regulations. Ross and Murray Dowson remained with the group as it went underground. Dowson joined the Canadian Army in 1942 and rose to the rank of second lieutenant. He recruited two other soldiers to the Trotskyist movement and organized a successful strike for better pay by soldiers who had been assigned to lay and tamp train tracks in southern Ontario.
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In 1944, Craipeau was the architect of unity between three of France's four Trotskyist groups: the POI itself, the Comités Communistes Internationalistes and the Octobre group. They formed the PCI Internationalist Communist Party, and in 1946, he was elected its General Secretary. In the same year, he was also elevated to the International Secretariat of the Fourth International. However, he could not agree with the International's perspective that a crisis in capitalism was imminent, and soon after the POI sided with the International, he was expelled.
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320x320px By the end of 1932, Leon Trotsky and his son Sedov were having contact with the underground opposition inside the USSR. Many non- trotskyist opposition groups were discontent with the regime and the party leadership at the time. This led to the formation of a "bloc" between them. It was by no means a fusion of ideologies, in fact, Trotsky feared that other fractions of the bloc would gain much power: > The proposal for a bloc seems to me to be completely acceptable.
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Former logo The FSP is politically Trotskyist. FSP leaders Clara Fraser (1923–1998) and Gloria Martin (1916–1995) built on the socialist analysis of women's oppression to create a Leninist party that is "socialist-feminist" in ideology and practice. The party views the liberation struggles of women, people of color and sexual minorities (such as gay people) as intrinsic to working class revolt, and it looks to these specially-oppressed sectors of society to provide revolutionary leadership. Women comprise a predominant part of the party leadership.
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Flexer opposed Bob Rae's NDP government following its introduction of the Social Contract that suspended collective bargaining contracts for public sector unions. In the 1995 Ontario election he ran as an "Independent Labour" candidate in Oakwood against NDP MPP Tony Rizzo and placed fourth out of seven candidates with 301 votes. He subsequently joined Socialist Action, a Trotskyist group, and became a member of its editorial board. As Socialist Action practiced entryism, Flexer also joined the New Democratic Party which he had previously run against.
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They attempted mergers with the SWP, Spark, the Socialist League (Democratic Centralist) and the Revolutionary Workers League all to no avail. Finally, in 1978, TOC was invited to join the Committee for a Revolutionary Socialist Party, an umbrella group of several Trotskyist organizations. It joined the group in November 1978. However, when the CSRP proclaimed its intention to form itself into a distinct political party adhering to democratic centralism in July 1980 the Turnerites left again, this time emerging as the Revolutionary Unity LeagueAlexander pp.
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This is considered the first national election held in Sri Lanka (then known as Ceylon). Although it took place before independence was actually granted, it was the first election under the Soulbury Constitution. Some of the major figures who had led the independence struggle were found in the rightwing United National Party led by D.S. Senanayake. In opposition were the Trotskyist Lanka Sama Samaja Party and Bolshevik Leninist Party of India, the Communist Party of Ceylon, the Ceylon Indian Congress and an array of independents.
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In 1930–1931 the sharashka, now based on Khodynka Field, produced the prototype for the successful Polikarpov I-5. In June 1931 Alksnis was promoted to the Commander of Red Air Forces, while Polikarpov and some of his staff were released on amnesty terms. In 1935, Red Air Forces under Alksnis possessed world's largest bomber force; aircraft production reached 8,000 in 1936. p. 157 In June 1937 Alknis sat on the board of the show trial against members of Trotskyist Anti- Soviet Military Organization.
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In 1983, after 38 years as an MP, Lewis was deselected as Labour candidate by his local constituency Labour Party, which he said had become "100 per cent Trotskyist, Militant Tendency, Communist and IRA supporters".Richard Heffernan and Mike Marqusee, Defeat from the Jaws of Victory: Inside Kinnock's Labour Party (London: Verso, 1992) p. 18. By this time he was refusing to attend local party meetings or hold "advice surgeries" for his constituents. He was replaced as Labour candidate by the future minister Tony Banks.
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Only two smaller Trotskyist parties refused to support Mitterrand and the Common Program, as well as the Social Democratic Party founded by a split of Socialist elects who disapproved the alliance with the PCF. For the first time since the beginning of the Fifth Republic in 1958, the Left had a serious chance of victory. The situation in the "Presidential Majority" was very confused: no "natural candidate" had appeared. Prime Minister Pierre Messmer had announced he would run if he was the only candidate of the majority.
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But Defferre's campaign was weakened by the decision of centrist interim President Alain Poher to run. As Chairman of the Senate, Poher had led the "no" campaign in the referendum. The success of the "no" campaign gave him the legitimacy to run for the Presidency and he rallied a large swathe of centre-right and centre-left voters. Michel Rocard and Alain Krivine stood as candidates expressing the ideas of the May 1968 movements, though the Trotskyist Krivine took a far more radical stance.
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The Anticapitalist Party () was a Trotskyist organisation in Turkey. It was part of the International Socialist Tendency led by the Socialist Workers Party (UK). The antecedents of Antikapitalist can be traced back to 1982 when the origins of the Sosyalist İşçi (today's Revolutionary Socialist Workers' Party) were formed. After founding of the Revolutionary Socialist Workers' Party in 1997, internal problems emerged and led to a split in the new party in 1998 and a group named İşçi Demokrasisi (Workers Democracy) (İD) left the group.
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Born in 1919 in Marion Junction, Alabama,Ward, Stephen M. (editor), Pages from a Black Radical's Notebook: A James Boggs Reader, Wayne State University Press, 2011. James "Jimmy" Boggs was an African-American activist, perhaps best known for authoring The American Revolution: Pages from a Negro Worker's Notebook in 1963. He was also an auto worker at Chrysler from 1940 until 1968. Boggs was active in the far left organization, Correspondence Publishing Committee, from around the time it left the Trotskyist movement in the early 1950s.
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The Polish–Soviet War (14 February 1919 – 18 October 1920) was fought by the Second Polish Republic and the Soviet Russia over a region comparable to today's westernmost Ukraine and parts of modern Belarus. Following the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War, Russia sought to relieve the pressure by crossing Poland in order to stimulate a Europe-wide communist revolution under the Trotskyist slogan "to give water to red horses out of the Wisła (Vistula) and Rhine".Rudycheva, Irina. The 100 notable Jews (100 знаменитых евреев).
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Dr Hector Hieronymus Fernando (30 September 1903 - 21 October 1976) was a Ceylonese Marxist politician. Hector Hieronymus Fernando was born 30 September 1903 in Katana. He went to school at St. Joseph's College, Colombo, travelling to the United Kingdom to study medicine at the University of Edinburgh. After qualifying as a physician he returned to Ceylon and established a private dispensary in Negombo, which evolved into a private nursing home and maternity clinic. In 1937 he joined the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP), a Trotskyist political party.
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125 Luca reoriented himself in the aftermath of the Great Purge (having already renounced the friendship with Purge victim Aladar, as well as those of Vitali Holostenco, Eugen Rozvan, and Elek Köblös). He took up Soviet citizenship, became deputy mayor of Chernivtsi, and a deputy in the Soviet of Nationalities of the Ukrainian SSR. The Trotskyist journal the New International accused Luca of having participated in a supposed deportation of almost 30,000 citizens from Northern Bukovina to the Asiatic republics of the Soviet Union.
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The Rise and Fall of Communism in Russia. Yale University Press, 2007 , P. 339. Following the Trotskyist comprehension of Stalin's policies as a deviation from the path of Marxism–Leninism, George Novack described Khrushchev's politics as guided by a "neo-Stalinist line", its principle being that "the socialist forces can conquer all opposition even in the imperialist centers, not by the example of internal class power, but by the external power of Soviet example",Novack, George. International Socialist Review, New York, Volume 22, No. 3, Fall 1961.
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At that time, in 1927, he met his wife Emily. When the labour movement in Austria suffered repression, he emigrated in 1934 back to L'viv, where he worked at the university as lecturer and he published the Trotskyist periodical Žittja i slovo 1934-1938. He was arrested by the Gestapo in 1942, but survived internment for three years in the concentration camps of Auschwitz, Ravensbrück and Oranienburg. He emigrated to the USA in 1947, and worked there as independent scholar - failing to obtain a university post.
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Sham subsequently undertook further studies in the UK and the US. Upon his return to Hong Kong, he co-founded "City Magazine" with John Chan, and worked as its editor. At the same time, he began working in television and radio. He was also a student activist in the 1970s back in his youth and was a member of a Trotskyist vanguard party the Revolutionary Marxist League. In 1983, he set up the film production company D&B; Films, along with Sammo Hung and Dickson Poon.
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The program was formally proposed to the Congress by the National Committee of the Socialist Workers Party (US). The program was developed through discussions between Leon Trotsky, who did much of the drafting of the document, and leaders of the SWP such as James P. Cannon. Those involved were at pains to ensure that the Program was seen as a document of the FI. However, Trotskyist currents that have departed the Fourth International tend to present the Program as a work authored by Trotsky individually.
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The largest number of volunteers came from France (where the French Communist Party had many members) and communist exiles from Italy and Germany. Many Jews from the English-speaking world and Eastern Europe also participated. Republican volunteers who were opposed to Stalinism did not join the Brigades but instead enlisted in the separate Popular Front, the POUM, formed from Trotskyist, Bukharinist and other anti- Stalinist groups, which did not separate Spaniards and foreign volunteers (such as George Orwell),Homage to Catalonia. Author: Orwell, George.
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The leaders disagreed over whether to maintain a strict Trotskyist party or form a broad socialist movement. As Bolivia passed through a series of short-lived military dictatorships, the POR began to enter the emerging labor movement. In 1947 the party's activists formed the Mining Parliamentary Bloc caucus in the newly formed miners' union (the FSTMB), which was to become the most active and militant union in Bolivia. Along with the populist Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR) it became one of the two most influential parties in the mineworkers' movement.
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The International Socialist Left (, isl) was a Trotskyist group in Germany. The isl was an organizational descendant of the International Marxist Group (GIM). It was one of two factions that form the German section of the Fourth International was affiliated with the Association for Solidarity Perspectives (VsP). Along with co-producing the VsP's newspaper Sozialistische Zeitung, the isl worked with the Revolutionary Socialist League (the other part of the German section) and groups in Austria and Switzerland to produce Inprekorr, the German-language magazine of the Fourth International.
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There was a significant Posadist group in Cuba. Posadist guerrillas fought alongside Castro and Che Guevara in the 1959 revolution. When the Posadists split from the Fourth International in 1962, they took the Cuban section with them, meaning no other Trotskyist group was represented in Cuba in the 1960s. The Posadist group was accused by Soviet-friendly forces in Cuba of arguing that the Cuban government should forcibly expel the American military base at Guantanamo Bay and of trying to organize workers in the town of Guantánamo to march on the nearby military base.
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In 1937, Thomas returned from Europe determined to restore order in the Socialist Party. He and his followers in the party teamed up with the Clarity majority of the National Executive Committee and gave the green light to the New York Right Wing to expel the Appeal faction from the organization. These expulsions led to the departure of virtually the whole of the party's youth section, who affiliated to the new Trotskyist Socialist Workers Party. Demoralization set in and the Socialist Party withered, its membership level below that of 1928.
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Socialist Alternative's Seattle City Council Member Kshama Sawant Socialist Alternative (SA) is a Trotskyist political party in the United States. It describes itself as a Marxist organization, a revolutionary party fighting for a socialist world, and says that capitalism cannot be made to work for the working class. Socialist Alternative's highest profile public representative is Seattle City Councillor Kshama Sawant, who was elected in November 2013.A Rare Elected Voice for Socialism New York Times, December 28, 2013 It is active in over 50 cities in the United States, and campaigns for socialist issues.
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Born in Ballybane, Galway, Ireland, to Michael Healy, a farmer, and Margaret Mary Rabbitte, he emigrated to Britain and worked as a ship radio operator at the age of 14. He soon joined the Communist Party of Great Britain, but then left to join the Trotskyist Militant Group in 1937. He then left to become one of the founders of the Workers International League, led by Ted Grant, Jock Haston and Ralph Lee. Healy's period in the WIL was difficult and he threatened to resign several times and was actually expelled and readmitted.
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Riddell joined the Socialist Education League in 1959 and was a founding member of its successor, the League for Socialist Action in 1961. From 1960 until 1967, he was leader of the Young Socialists, the youth movement associated with the SEL and then the LSA. He was the LSA's Toronto organizer in the late 1960s and its candidate for Mayor of Toronto in the 1969 municipal election. Riddell served as executive secretary of the LSA from 1972 until 1977 when it merged with other Trotskyist groups to form the Revolutionary Workers League/Ligue Ouvrière Révolutionnaire.
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During his interrogation Abramov was probably badly tortured, since like many others similarly treated in this purge, he signed a "confession" which imputed guilt to his former co-workers. It was also recorded that he had implicated his former boss, Piatnitsky. On 25 November 1937 it was determined by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union that he had led the Trotskyist terror organisation within the Comintern, and also worked for the German Intelligence services. The death sentence was carried out by shooting on 26 November 1937.
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Although Larsen wanted more independence in developing the DKP's policies, he was not critical of the Soviet Union. At this time in his career, he was a loyal defender of Joseph Stalin and the Soviet Union. Even though they affected many of his former friends from his International Lenin School stay in the 1920s, and even though he did not believe in all the accusations, he defended the Great Purge and the Moscow trials. On 20 May 1937 Larsen arrived to a Moscow marked by fear, anti- Trotskyist propaganda and mass hysteria.
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The only openly Trotskyist candidate, Nathalie Arthaud of Workers' Struggle (Lutte Ouvrière) won 0.64% of the vote. In Britain during the 1980s, the entryist Militant group operated within the Labour Party with three Members of Parliament and effective control of Liverpool City Council. Described by journalist Michael Crick as "Britain's fifth most important political party" in 1986,Crick, Michael, The March of Militant, p.2 it played a prominent role in the 1989–1991 anti-poll tax movement which was widely thought to have led to the downfall of British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher.
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Paul Murphy, representing Dublin West (Dáil constituency), Mick Barry representing Cork North-Central (Dáil constituency) and Ruth Coppinger representing Dublin West (Dáil constituency). In Portugal's October 2015 parliamentary election, the Left Bloc won 550,945 votes, which translated into 10.19% of the expressed votes and the election of 19 (out of 230) deputados (members of parliament).. Diário da República, 1ª série — Nº 205 (20 October 2015). Retrieved 18 May 2016. Although founded by several leftist tendencies, it still expresses much of the Trotskyist thought upheld and developed by its former leader, Francisco Louçã.
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Various Fourth Internationalist groups around the world who describe themselves as Trotskyist see themselves as standing in this tradition while Maoist China formally supported the theory of socialism in one country. European social democrats strongly support Europeanism and supranational integration within the European Union, although there is a minority of nationalists and Eurosceptics on the left. Several scholars have linked this form of left-wing nationalism to the pressure generated by economic integration with other countries, often encouraged by neoliberal free trade agreements. This view is sometimes used to justify hostility towards supranational organizations.
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The News Line is a daily newspaper published by a British Trotskyist group, the Workers' Revolutionary Party. It was launched in 1969 as Workers PressDuncan Hallas: Cult comes a cropper (1985) and renamed News Line in 1976.The News Line Entry in WorldCatWeekly Worker 509 Thursday 18 December 2003 For a time during the 1980s, the WRP split into two rival factions, and for a short time there were two versions of The News Line being produced every day, one by each faction. Chris Hughton wrote a football column for the newspaper in the 1970s.
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The Fourth International magazine The wartime debate about post-war perspectives was accelerated by the resolution of the February 1944 European Conference of the Fourth International. The conference appointed a new European Secretariat and elected Michel Raptis, a Greek resident in France also known as Michel Pablo, the organisational secretary of its European Bureau. Raptis and other bureau members re-established contact between the Trotskyist parties. The European conference extended the lessons of a revolution then unfolding in Italy, and concluded that a revolutionary wave would cross Europe as the war ended.
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Charlie van Gelderen (14 August 1913 - 26 October 2001) was a South African Trotskyist active in the British Labour movement from the 1930s. He attended the founding conference of the Fourth International in 1938, and towards the end of his life he was the last survivor of that conference. In the 1940s, he played the leading role for the Revolutionary Communist Party (UK, 1944)'s fraction in the Labour party. He became a leader of the International Marxist Group, and served on the editorial board of its magazine, International.
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Newens was a conscientious objector during National Service and worked as a coalminer in Staffordshire. He graduated in History at University College, London, and became a schoolteacher. In 1949 he joined the Labour Party, and is still a member. At UCL, he met Anil Moonesinghe, a Sri Lankan Trotskyist, who was later to become a Cabinet Minister in Sri Lanka, and joined the Socialist Review Group led by Tony Cliff, a former member of the Revolutionary Communist Party (RCP), which later became the Socialist Workers Party (SWP); he left this group in 1959.
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Trotsky's house in Mexico City from April 1939 until his assassination in August 1940 On 14 August 1936, the Soviet Press Agency TASS announced the discovery of a "Trotskyist–Zinovievist" plot and the imminent start of the Trial of the Sixteen accused. Trotsky demanded a complete and open enquiry into Moscow's accusations. The accused were sentenced to death, including Grigory Zinoviev and Lev Kamenev, and executed on 25 August 1936. On 26 August 1936, eight policemen arrived at Knudsen's house demanding that Trotsky sign new conditions for residing in Norway.
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In these types of entryism, activists engage in a long-term perspective in which they work within an organisation for decades in the hope of gaining influence and a degree of power and perhaps even control of the larger organisation. In entryism sui generis ("of a special type"), Trotskyists, for example, do not openly argue for the building of a Trotskyist party. "Deep entryism" refers to the long duration. The tactic is closely identified with Michel Pablo and Gerry Healy, who were leaders of the Fourth International in the late 1940s and the 1950s.
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The first factional struggles were the result of the development of a small group of supporters of the American Spartacist League. Spartacist London had been founded in 1975 by American, Canadian and Australian Spartacists with the intention of engaging other Trotskyist groups in debate. As both they and the WSL have a common past in the International Committee of the Fourth International they paid great attention to the WSL. The result was that they recruited a number of WSL members to their views and these formed the Leninist Faction in 1977.
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The Leninist Faction would split to join the London Spartacists in forming the Spartacist League in 1978. This factional struggle had its sequel in 1979 when another group of WSL members were similarly won to the Spartacists this time calling themselves the Trotskyist Faction. In 1978 the United Secretariat of the Fourth International invited the WSL to submit material to the USec's 1979 Eleventh World Congress. It did so in July 1978 with The Poisoned Well, a critical analysis of the development of USec which was republished in Trotskyism Today.
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During the Nazi occupation of France, the French Trotskyist group Parti Ouvrier Internationaliste printed the clandestine magazine Arbeiter und Soldat (Worker and Soldier) for German troops. The publication opposed both fascism and western imperialism, and 12 issues were distributed from July 1943 through July 1944.Arbeiter und Soldat archive Many well-known intellectual and artistic figures were attracted to the Communist party during the war, including the artist Pablo Picasso and the writer and philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre. Philosophers Georges Politzer and Valentin Feldman and writer Jacques Decour were among others.
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Because of this development, classical and orthodox Marxists as well as Trotskyist groups denounced the communist states as being Stalinist and their economies as being state capitalist or representing deformed or degenerated workers' states, respectively. Within the socialist movement, there is criticism towards the use of the term socialist states in relation to countries such as China and previously of Soviet Union and Eastern and Central European states before what some term the "collapse of Stalinism" in 1989.Committee for a Workers' International (June 1992). "The Collapse of Stalinism". Marxist.net.
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Maintaining her links with Trotskyists in Paris (including Pierre Frank) she had a key role in linking British and French Trotskyists during and just after the Second World War. During the war she sheltered emigres from Europe in London. Later she ran her own business importing industrial diamonds which enabled her to help finance the Healy wing of the British Trotskyists. From Hamilton's arrival in England, she was a member of various Trotskyist groupings, including the early Militant Group, the (Workers' International League and the Revolutionary Communist Party (RCP).
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Born on 26 March 1980 en Madrid, he is son of Luis Miguel Urbán Fernández, a member of the trotskyist Revolutionary Communist League who suffered torture enacted by Billy el Niño in Francoist Spain. He studied history at the Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), although he did not graduate. Urban worked as librarian in La Marabunta. Urbán during the presentation of Podemos in January 2014 He ran in the 20th place of the Anticapitalist Left-Global Revolt list vis-à-vis the 2009 European Parliament election in Spain.
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In Trotskyist theory, it is a new form of class society which exploits workers through new mechanisms. Theorists, such as Yvan Craipeau, who hold this view believe that bureaucratic collectivism does not represent progress beyond capitalism—that is, that it is no closer to being a workers' state than a capitalist state would be, and is considerably less efficient. Some even believe that certain kinds of capitalism, such as social democratic capitalism, are more progressive than a bureaucratic collectivist society. George Orwell's famous novel Nineteen Eighty-Four describes a fictional society of "oligarchical collectivism".
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The Socialist Workers Network (SWN) is an Irish TrotskyistIrish Times – Harry McGee. “ For anybody who has not been intimately involved with the Socialist Workers Party or the Socialist Party, you would need to have a PhD in semantics and rhetoric to winkle out the actual ideological difference between them. They are both Trotskyist and advocate permanent revolution and political agitation through working class mass action in capitalist societies such as Ireland.” organisation. It was founded in 1971 as the Socialist Workers Movement (SWM), before becoming the Socialist Workers Party (SWP) in 1995.
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The Workers Organisation for Socialist Action (WOSA) was a Trotskyist organisation in South Africa. Launched in April 1990 as a national organisation, the WOSA was opposed to racism, tribalism and sexism and supports socialism, accountability, democracy and the leadership of the black working class. The group was formed by a need for an organization that could raise workers issues without being aligned to any political party and has dealt with working conditions, wages, unemployment, housing, education, health and transport. It also claimed that the African National Congress was raising hopes which were unrealisable under capitalism.
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A variety of predominantly Trotskyist and anarchist thinkers argue that class conflict existed in Soviet- style societies. Their arguments describe as a class the bureaucratic stratum formed by the ruling political party (known as the nomenklatura in the Soviet Union), sometimes termed a "new class", that controls and guides the means of production. This ruling class is viewed to be in opposition to the remainder of society, generally considered the proletariat. This type of system is referred by them as state socialism, state capitalism, bureaucratic collectivism or new class societies.
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In 1941, Žarko joined the Red Army to fight the invading Germans. Some of Tito's critics argue that his survival indicates he must have denounced his comrades as Trotskyists. He was asked for information on a number of his fellow Yugoslav communists, but according to his own statements and published documents, he never denounced anyone, usually saying he did not know them. In one case he was asked about the Croatian communist leader Horvatin, but wrote ambiguously, saying that he did not know whether he was a Trotskyist.
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Nevertheless, Horvatin was not heard of again. While in Moscow, he was given the task of assisting Ćopić to translate the History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks) into Serbo- Croatian, but they had only got to the second chapter when Ćopić too was arrested and executed. He worked on with a fellow surviving Yugoslav communist, but a Yugoslav communist of German ethnicity reported an inaccurate translation of a passage and claimed it showed Tito was a Trotskyist. Other influential communists vouched for him, and he was exonerated.
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Although Bill Dunne's brothers, Vincent, Miles, and Grant, were active in the American Trotskyist movement, participating in the Minneapolis Teamsters Strike of 1934, Bill Dunne was never part of that dissident communist movement.For more on the other three Dunne brothers, see Constance Ashton Myers, The Prophet's Army: Trotskyists in America, 1928-1941. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1977; passim. In 1934 he went so far as to author a polemic pamphlet for the Communist Party against his brothers and their comrades entitled Permanent Counter-Revolution: The Role of the Trotzkyites in the Minneapolis Strikes.
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Higgins instead joined the Trotskyist Socialist Labour League, soon leaving to join the Socialist Review Group which became the International Socialists (IS), and becoming the group's Secretary. By the 1960s, Higgins was a POEU branch secretary and was elected to the union's national executive, but he gave up his union work to become IS's full-time national secretary in the early 1970s. In a burst of internal quarrels in the period 1973-76 he left the organisation. He was a founder member of the Workers League, but this organisation soon broke apart.
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During the British EU referendum of 2016, a number of parties on the far-left supported "Lexit" (arguing for BrexitBritain leaving the European Unionfrom a left-perspective). The Communist Party of Britain (Marxist–Leninist) was one such party. They opted not to join the No2EU — Yes to Democracy campaign (dominated by the Communist Party of Britain and Trotskyist Socialist Party), but instead backed the Grassroots Out campaign. This was supported by a broad array of British political figures, from Nigel Farage of UKIP to Kate Hoey of Labour and George Galloway of the Respect Party.
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The play's accuracy was challenged by employers and unions. The play was discussed on BBC2's In Vision programme the following day, with a panel that included producer Kenith Trodd, employers and workers from the textile mills involved, and some journalists. Trodd quoted news reports from the time to defend the accuracy of the film. The portrayal of the Communist Party member Gridley as duplicitous led to the play's being praised by Trotskyist groups such as the Workers' Revolutionary Party and condemned as "a snide distortion" by the Communist Morning Star.
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Bushell started his political activism as a socialist and was a member of the Trotskyist International Socialists (which became the Socialist Workers Party). In 1986, in his '"On the Soap Box" column, Bushell raged against the middle classes, who he claimed had ruined the Labour Party. He has opposed the European Union and unfettered immigration, because he said it undercut working class wages. He has written articles supporting the Smithfield meat porters who were fighting to preserve their market, and in favour of the UDR Four, working class comedians and Page 3 girls.
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There, together with Vasyl Poraiko, Holubenko, Tytar, Tyrchuk, Volodymyr Lohinov and Pleskachevsky, he was charged with directing activities of a secret Trotskist center in Ukraine (Ukrainian Trotskyite Opposition) at the behest of Georgy Pyatakov.International Trotskyist Tendencies On March 8, 1937 he was convicted by the Collegiate of the Soviet Supreme Court and executed by firing squad later the same day. In December 1955 he was rehabilitated. There exist the Letter without envelope to Kotsiubynsky from Serhiy Okhrymenko in which the Ukrainian scientist blames him in bloody crimes against his own people.
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This commission heard evidence for a week before rendering a verdict clearing Trotsky of charges of espionage and sabotage levied against him in the ongoing Moscow Trials. The transcript produced by Glotzer was later published in book form by the American Trotskyist movement. In the United States the Trotskyists emerged from the Socialist party as the Socialist Workers Party. After the Nazi-Soviet Pact and the beginning of the Second World War, Shachtman, Abern, and others condemned the USSR's alliance with Nazi Germany and their cooperative invasion of Poland.
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In 1957 he joined the Trotskyist group led by Gerry Healy, the Club, which in 1959 became the Socialist Labour League. He was expelled by Healy in 1960 and with a group of other ex-members of the SLL immediately set up Solidarity. Like a number of other former members of the SLL he was also involved with the journal International Socialism in the early 1960s. For the next 20 years, he combined a distinguished medical career under his real name with pseudonymous revolutionary socialist writing and translation.
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Any social relationships or cultural ties were only among themselves or with South India. In the 1940s the trade union movement had galvanized the plantation workers into a militant working class. They joined hands with the Lanka Sama Samaja (or Trotskyist) Party, which carried the message of a working-class struggle for liberation from the exploitation by the mainly-British plantation companies. Sri Lanka became independent in 1948 and the community believes that it became the first community marked out for discrimination by the new state of Ceylon in 1948.
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The Workers League was a small Trotskyist group in Britain. It began as the IS Opposition, formed in 1975 within the International Socialists (now the Socialist Workers Party), and containing many prominent IS members, including Roger Protz and Jim Higgins. They had several major disagreements with the IS leadership, including what they perceived as an increasingly ultra left stance, refusing to work with other socialist groups, and a reduction in internal democracy. In December 1975 after campaigning for a Special Conference of IS, the faction's leaders were expelled.
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Althusser was such a homebody that biographer William S. Lewis affirmed, "Althusser had known only home, school, and P.O.W. camp" by the time he met his future wife. In contrast, when he first met Rytmann in 1946, she was a former member of the French resistance and a Communist activist. After fighting along with Jean Beaufret in the group "Service Périclès", she joined the PCF. However, she was expelled from the party accused of being a double agent for Gestapo, for "Trotskyist deviation" and "crimes", which probably referred to the execution of former Nazi collaborators.
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The Revolutionary Marxist Group (RMG) was a Trotskyist political organization in Canada in the 1970s. Though not a registered political party it did field small numbers of candidates in several elections. The RMG was a sympathizing section of the United Secretariat of the Fourth International, and supported the international faction led by Ernest Mandel and Tariq Ali against the faction led by the Socialist Workers Party (US) led by Joseph Hansen and Farrell Dobbs. Its main rival, the League for Socialist Action, supported the American-led faction in the international conflict within the USFI.
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Founders of the party were expelled, such as Boris Souvarine, the revolutionary syndicalist Pierre Monatte, or Trotskyist intellectuals such as Alfred Rosmer or Pierre Naville. The SFIC thus lost members, decreasing from 110,000 in 1920 to 30,000 in 1933. In the same time, the SFIC organized the anti-colonialist struggle, encouraging Abd el-Krim's insurgents during the Rif War or organizing an alternative exhibition during the 1931 Paris Colonial Exposition. The Communist Party was then admired by intellectuals such as the surrealists (André Breton, Louis Aragon, Paul Éluard...).
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Some called for Livingstone's removal, but Michael Foot's Trotskyist assistant Una Cooze defended Livingstone's position to her boss.Hosken 2008. p. 109. Television and radio outlets welcomed Livingstone on for interviews; described by biographer John Carvel as having "one of the best television styles of any contemporary politician", Livingstone used this medium to speak to a wider audience, gaining widespread public support, something Carvell attributed to his "directness, self-deprecation, colourful language, complete unflappability under fire and lack of pomposity", coupled with genuinely popular policies such as Fares Fair.Carvel 1984. p. 102.
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It also shares many of the political positions of other Trotskyist groups, a tradition rooted in Marxism and Leninism (see for example Tony Cliff, Marxism at the Millennium.Tony Cliff: Marxism at the Millennium, Bookmarks, 2000. (accessed 2008-05-29)) In common with other Trotskyists the SWP defends the body of ideas codified by the first four Congresses of the Communist International and the founding Congress of the Fourth International of Leon Trotsky in 1938. Its supporters often refer to their beliefs as 'socialism from below', a term which has been attributed to Hal Draper.
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134 Instead Trotskyist, Maoist and anarchist groups arose. They became particularly influential in 1968, when riots amounting almost to an insurrection broke out in Paris in May 1968. Between eight and ten million workers struck, challenging the view becoming popular amongst socialists at the time that the working class were no longer a force for change. There were also major disturbances such as the 1968 Democratic National Convention protest activity in Chicago, the Columbia University protests of 1968 in New York, the embryonic Red Army Faction in Berlin, and in other cities.
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The Trotskyist Militant, an entryist group active in the Labour Party, became the "fifth most important political party"in the UK for a period in the mid-1980s, according to the journalist Michael Crick.Crick, Michael, The March of Militant p2; Financial Times, 12 June 2007, 'Working days lost to strike action soars'; Office for National Statistics. In Indonesia within the Indonesian killings of 1965–66 a right wing military regime killed between 300,000 and one million people mainly to crush the growing influence of the Communist Party of Indonesia and other leftist sectorsRobert Cribb, ed.
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His first active involvement in politics occurred during the Metaxas Regime (1937), when he joined the Athenian Communist Youth (Κομμουνιστική Νεολαία Αθήνας, Kommounistiki Neolaia Athinas), a section of the Young Communist League of Greece. In 1941 he joined the Communist Party of Greece (KKE), only to leave one year later in order to become an active Trotskyist.At the time, Castoriadis was under the influence of the Trotskyist militant Agis Stinas (Tasis 2007, pp. 40–1). The latter action resulted in his persecution by both the Germans and the Communist Party.
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In 1956, following the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, Kuroda joined Kurihara Tōichi in forming the first Trotskyist organization in Japanese history. Kuroda criticised the mechanical "materialism" that was prevalent in the orthodox Marxism, and instead developed a philosophical theory of "Materialist Subjectivity". In 1959, Kuroda became the Chairman of the Japan Revolutionary Communist League. He wrote over fifty books published both in Japan and other countries on such subjects as Marxist philosophy, the analysis of Soviet society, Japanese cultural history, theory and praxis of organization building, and contemporary politics.
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A member of the Trotskyist political party Lanka Sama Samaja Party, he became active in its underground work specially during World War II, when LSSP was banned for undermining the war effort. He was considered a technocrat and reveled in all the technical aspects of 'underground' activity, such changes of names, assuming names such as 'Livera', and later 'Frugtneit'. This was at a time when even Esmond Wickremesinghe was in the underground. He assisted Colvin R de Silva and N.M. Perera in breaking out of jail and smuggled them to India.
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However, Europarties are distinct from transnational political parties in that they do not operate at the national level. In a broad sense, global movements such as communism, socialism, and Islamism have transnational qualities, but in most such cases the party organization is separate in each country, with the transnational aspect being one more of consultatation and coordination, often through political internationals. One notable exception to this rule is the Progressive Labor Party (United States), which views proletarian internationalism as requiring that they set up party collectives all over the globe. Some Trotskyist parties behave similarly.
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During the Cold War, ufology was synthesized with the ideas of a Trotskyist movement in South America known as Posadism. Posadism's main theorist, Juan Posadas, believed the human race must "appeal to the beings on other planets...to intervene and collaborate with Earth’s inhabitants in suppressing poverty;" i.e., Posadas wished to collaborate with extraterrestrials in order to create a Socialist system on Earth. The adoption of this belief among Posadists, who had previously been a significant political force in South America, has been noted as a contributing factor in their decline.
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To gain influence, win members and avoid becoming small sectarian cliques just talking to each other, the Trotskyists should — where possible — join, or in Trotskyist terminology enter, the mass communist or social democratic (labour) parties. This was known as entrism sui generis or long-term entry. It was understood by all that the FI would retain its political identity, and its own press. It was believed at the time that the international "centre" should be able to impose democratic centralist discipline by directly intervening in the politics of local parties.
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Returning to France, he was a leader of the Communist League, the French Trotskyist organisation, in the 1930s. After the rise of the 1934 Popular Front government in France, Frank was a part of the faction within the movement led by his friend Raymond Molinier that remained inside the SFIO after the majority followed Trotsky's advice to leave. Frank and his co-thinkers were expelled from the Movement for the Fourth International as a result. Frank was a founder-member of the "La Commune" group formed by Molinier.
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Born in Frankfurt, Mandel was recruited to the Belgian section of the international Trotskyist movement, the Fourth International, in his youth in Antwerp. His parents, Henri and Rosa Mandel, were Jewish emigres from Poland,The Legacy of Ernest Mandel the former a member of Rosa Luxemburg's and Karl Liebknecht's Spartacist League. The beginning of Mandel's period at university was interrupted when the German occupying forces closed the university. During World War II, he twice escaped after being arrested in the course of resistance activities, and survived imprisonment in the German concentration camp at Dora.
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TDU began in 1975 when a small group of freight Teamsters, some from the International Socialists (IS) group in Berkeley, CA met in Chicago, Illinois and founded Teamsters for a Decent Contract (TDC). The IS later merged with other organizations from Trotskyist traditions to form Solidarity. La Botz subsequently worked as a community and union organizer and later a journalist. La Botz worked in the 1980s as a journalist in Chicago and Mexico City and as an author on topics of workers' struggles and unions in the United States and Mexico.
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In the late 1960s, Tate moved from North America to Great Britain to work with supporters of International to solidify the International Marxist Group, of which he became a leader.Worker's Liberty website Tate and fellow Canadian Pat Brain worked side by side with Bertrand Russell in the Russell Tribunal set up to investigate US war crimes in Vietnam. The beating of Tate in 1966 by supporters of Gerry Healy was a cause célèbre within the world Trotskyist movement.Marxists.org interview One of his recruits to the IMG was Tariq Ali.
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International Marxist Group (short BBC video). However, by the time of the 1976 USFI World Congress, internal disputes over Latin America were becoming more difficult to reconcile as divisions became entrenched between supporters of the International Majority Tendency, led by Ernest Mandel, and the Leninist Trotskyist Faction, which was led by the American Socialist Workers Party. Despite a 'truce' reflected by the establishment of Socialist Challenge, these divisions would result in the permanent splintering of the IMG's successor organisation, the Socialist League. This vigorous internal life did not impede its growth among students and workers.
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In 1927, he and Harry Pollitt were co-defendants in a case brought by the National Union of Seamen. However, he objected to Trotsky's expulsion from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He contacted James P. Cannon, who was forming the Trotskyist Communist League of America, and began selling its newspaper, The Militant, in the UK. Beech joined the Chemical Workers' Union in about 1930, later serving as its president, and becoming editor of its journal. In 1939, he joined the Independent Labour Party, having been recruited by Bob Edwards.
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However, Scholem left the Lenin Bund within the year, and remained unaffiliated while still sympathizing with Trotskyist positions and the Left Opposition (LO). He frequently wrote articles for their newspaper Permanente Revolution. As a Jew and a Communist, Scholem was arrested after the seizure of power by the Nazi Party in 1933, and he continued to be held in "preventative custody" until he was deported to Buchenwald in 1938. He was part of a group of former Reichstag members held at the concentration camp, whose prominent status afforded them some degree of protection.
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Eduardo Sartelli (born April 5, 1963 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine professor and politician, Licentiate in History by the University of Buenos Aires, where he investigates and teaches contemporary Argentine history, as well as in La Plata National University.Eduardo Sartelli's profile at the CEICS website Sartelli was a member of the Trotskyist Workers' Party and identifies as a revolutionary socialist. He has published numerous articles in specialized and divulgation magazines. He is the author of three books: La cajita infeliz, La plaza es nuestra, and Patrones en la ruta.
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Rexroth claimed that "Major" had been on the Central Committee of the Communist Party in Milwaukee and was expelled for Trotskyist deviationism, but the factual basis for this tale, if any, is obscure. In 1929 Moore relocated to California, where he was to live for the rest of his life. Starting in 1937 he participated in the Federal Writers Project of the WPA, where his friend Rexroth was an administrator in the San Francisco office. His picaresque first novel Breathe the Air Again, was about the labor struggle in California during the 1920s.
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Members of the Trotskyist- dominated Socialist Alliance tried to join in 1998, but were blocked after legal action was taken, and the decision was taken to stop being "stuck in the swamp of sectarian politics." Democratic Left in England and Wales was dissolved and reformed as the New Times Network in December 1998, open to members of Labour and other political parties. It published a monthly magazine, New Times, and collaborated with the Fabian Society on the 'Getting Real' conference in June 1999. New Times Network became the New Politics Network in December 1999.
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It describes ways and strategies for a successful revolution, like the Cuban and Chinese ones. Published five years after the 1964 rise of the Brazilian military government and just one year after the worldwide 1968 student rebellions, and at a time where hopes for international revolution among left-wing militants and intellectuals were at their highest, the minimanual became an important tool and reference point for many Maoist, Trotskyist and revolutionary socialist activists and guerrillas, and was also studied extensively by national liberation movements and organizations such as the PLO and the Sandinistas.
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Gee was born in Auburn to solicitor Dion Gee and Emmeline, née Grenville. He was educated at Homebush Primary School and Fort Street Boys' High School, and then studied law at the University of Sydney, graduating with a Bachelor of Law in 1937. Becoming a solicitor, he was initially a member of the Labor Party, but his Marxism saw him expelled during Jack Lang's purges. Invited to join the Communist Party of Australia, he declined because of the Nazi-Soviet Pact and instead he joined the tiny Trotskyist Communist League.
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Hale graduated from The University of Sydney in 1964 with a Bachelor of Arts and Diploma in Education; and graduated from the University of NSW in 1998 with a LLB. In 1961, while at Sydney University, Hale was the President of the Sydney University Labor Club.NSW Hansard, 25 October 1961 In 1970, Hale was involved in the Socialist Review Group, a Trotskyist group which was the precursor to the Socialist Workers Party. However, she left due to the "Group's opposition to "deep entry" into the Australian Labor Party".
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Manuel Abramowicz (born 1967) is a far-left Belgian reporter, specialist of the far right. He initially was a member of the youth wing of the Parti ouvrier socialiste (Socialist Workers Party), a trotskyist movement, currently known as the Revolutionary Communist League. Manuel Abramowicz was also associated with SOS Racisme-Belgium or the FGTB, a left-wing trade-union. Since 1997 he is editor-in-chief of the ResistanceS on-line review, and also presides since 2002 the antifascist organization (asbl) RésistanceS - Centre d'études et de formation pour l’action démocratique.
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The Electoral Leftist Alliance () or Left () was a movement of Marxist–Leninist, Maoist and Trotskyist organisations in Austria which was founded by the Communist Initiative, the Socialist Left Party, the League of the Socialist Revolution and other left-wing movements and activists in the run-up to the 2008 legislative election. The Communist Party of Austria was also invited to participate, but it stated that the timeframe was too short and that it would stand on its own instead, while supporting the unification of the left in principle.
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At the same time, since World War II, there were some minor Trotskyist formations and minor left-libertarian groups, which also had a discrete ideological influence in the student movement in Santiago and Concepción. The group led by Miguel Enríquez, temporarily allocated in the cell "Espartaco" at the Socialist Party, called itself the "Revolutionary Socialists" faction. It was formed by Miguel and Marco Antonio Enríquez, B. Van Schouwen, Marcello Ferrada de Noli (a left libertarian and then the leader of the socialist cell "Espartaco" in Concepción), and Jorge Gutiérrez.Pedro Naranjo (2004).
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After Mool Oya, the strike wave spread southward towards Uva, the strikes became more prolonged and the workers began to seek the militant leadership of the Samasamajists more and more. The Trotskyist leader N. M. Perera addressed a large meeting in Badulla on 12 May, and the police were powerless to act, although it was banned. At Wewessa Estate the workers set up an elected council and the Superintendent agreed to act in consultation with the Workers' Council. An armed police party that went to restore 'law and order' was disarmed by the workers.
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