The party congress is derived from the old Marxist-Leninist system.
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Though he had declared himself a Marxist-Leninist-Maoist, he now preached reconciliation.
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Most university students, meanwhile, waste at least a year learning Marxist and Leninist theory.
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For the general reader, Marxist-Leninist or not, their energy and erudition are evident today.
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Months later, Castro declared himself a Marxist-Leninist and announced the government was adopting communist policies.
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Past administrations' attempts to engage China have been mistaken for weakness by the Marxist Leninist regime.
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For decades, the country was under a Marxist-Leninist dictatorship that was out of tune with its needs.
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That's even though those classifications are often just meant to be divisive and have roots in Marxist/Leninist ideology.
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The Cali Cartel had carted Christina off to the jungle, where FARC, the Colombian Marxist-Leninist guerrillas, had their outposts.
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The PKK, which was founded in 22019 as a student movement in universities, is based on the Marxist-Leninist ideology.
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The meeting's main purpose was to formalise the party's graduation from a traditional Marxist-Leninist dictatorship to a dynastic one.
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The Marxist-Leninist "Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas" stormed a military outpost in order to free previous captured guerrillas.
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In Marquetalia, a charismatic peasant named Manuel Marulanda organized a group of Marxist-Leninist partisans, dedicated to fighting the Front.
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Communism itself, in its Marxist-Leninist form, had ceased to exist as a practical ideal for how to organize society.
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The regime also turned more toward the country's reigning dogma of Juche, or self-reliance, than traditional Marxist-Leninist doctrine.
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The group has said it wants to move away from the image – though not all the tenets – of Marxist-Leninist principles.
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" Obviously, American capitalism won the Cold War and relegated the Soviets and their Marxist-Leninist ideology to "the dustbin of history.
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She led her husband's propaganda machine, becoming director of the Institute of Marxist-Leninist Studies, and helped run Albania's secret police.
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The E.L.N., a Marxist-Leninist organization founded in the 1960s, is more ideological than the FARC and is considered less hierarchical.
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A vain hope; the regime of Daniel Ortega emerged as Marxist-Leninist, and the archbishop's sermons began to warn of tyranny again.
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Mr. Castro, the self-proclaimed Marxist-Leninist, was also willing to experiment with capitalism and free enterprise, at least for a time.
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Smith explained how the imposition of Marxist-Leninist dogma on top of the czarist-era feudal mindset created a different pattern of thinking.
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The Red Army Faction, originally called the Baader-Meinhof gang, followed a Marxist-Leninist ideology and initially targeted American interests in West Germany.
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She'd just broken up with a boyfriend when she first met members of The O., the fringe Marxist-Leninist cult based in Minneapolis.
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By contrast, the show blames the collapse of the Soviet bloc on reformist politicians like Mikhail S. Gorbachev who abandoned Marxist-Leninist orthodoxies.
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The bill also penalizes teachers of Marxist-Leninist ideology and women who have abortions in the absence of a medical emergency or rape.
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For the last few years China has been returning to parts of its old Marxist-Leninist ideological orthodoxy, after four decades of policy pragmatism.
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The word was also hijacked by the Bolsheviks and other communists to claim that Marxist prophecies and Leninist practice would inevitably deliver progress for humanity.
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The PFLP is considered a terrorist organization by countries like the US and the EU; its political leanings are usually described as secular and Marxist-Leninist.
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In the seventies, a Turkish university dropout, Abdullah Öcalan, founded the P.K.K. as a Marxist-Leninist movement committed to the creation of an independent Kurdish state.
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During the uncertain period that followed, Mr. Cabrita Reis became involved in a small Marxist-Leninist group and left art school to dedicate himself to politics.
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Following the increasingly unpopular Marxist-Leninist model will require an even more repressive state that will make a much more difficult transition to the 21st century.
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"All other conditions of the peace deal with the Maoists have been completed," Bishnu Rijal of the Unified Marxist Leninist (UML) party told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.
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Mr. Yalcin was arrested in 1979 by Turkey's military government because of his ties to a Marxist-Leninist group and received two life sentences for "revolutionary activities."
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In his remarks he exalted Marxist-Leninist principles and even quoted Friedrich Engels to make the case for promoting new forms of innovation in the 21st century.
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Founded in 28503 as a Marxist-Leninist revolutionary organization by George Habash, the PFLP was known for a series of plane hijackings in the late sixties and seventies.
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North Korea practices its own brand of communist ideology called Juche, which propagates nationalist self-reliance as opposed to internationalism, which is a core principal of Marxist-Leninist communism.
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Mr McDonnell now has something else on his side which, as a veteran Marxist-Leninist, he can only relish—the sense that the world is running out of control.
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Mr. Xi called for revitalizing Marxist-Leninist doctrine, a reflection of the party's fears that it could lose its grip over a younger, increasingly wired and well-traveled generation.
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The bill also penalizes people who criticize the president's honor; teachers of Marxist-Leninist ideology; and women who have abortions in the absence of a medical emergency or rape.
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Although Neruda affirmed "my general Marxist principles, my dislike of capitalism and my faith in socialism," and viewed the USSR as the lodestar of a rising proletarian international, his poetry bears little trace of either a Marxist theory of history or a Leninist politics of revolutionary strategy.
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Unfortunately, no self-identified socialist regime in the world—all of which have been installed by professional revolutionists in the Marxist-Leninist tradition—has ever been the least bit democratic.
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Anupam Roy from New Delhi, a member of the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation, papers a room with Expressionist drawings assailing the reactionary climate in his country today.
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The coup led to a civil war that lasted from 1960 to 1996, during which Marxist-Leninist guerrilla groups tried to topple a series of U.S.-backed governments and dictatorships.
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Given the security-obsessed mentality and the Marxist-Leninist roots of the ruling EPRDF coalition that he now leads, it is hard to say Abiy is not moving at lightning speed.
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In the interviews, the activists cited Marxist and Leninist ideals, as well as quotes from Mao Zedong and President Xi Jinping, as they spoke about their desire to address China's inequalities.
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The company sees a future in which the legal drug industry is controlled by the same kind of multinational corporations that the Marxist-Leninist guerrilla movement aimed to drive from the country.
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The show, produced with help from propaganda officials, is part of the party's strategy to persuade twenty-somethings that the Marxist-Leninist lessons they studied, or dozed through, in school still hold true.
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The latter force exploded in 1984 with the rise of the Kurdistan Workers' Party, known as the P.K.K. — a terrorist army that combined Kurdish nationalism with Marxist-Leninist ideology and Maoist guerrilla tactics.
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The Cuban-sponsored Tricontinental Conference of African, Latin American and Asian socialists in 1966 introduced a new wave of revolutions; by 19503, Marxist-Leninist states extended from Afghanistan to Angola, South Yemen to Somalia.
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Founded as a Marxist-Leninist independence movement in the late nineteen-seventies, the P.K.K., based in Turkey, has waged a decades-long insurgency against the Turkish government; the U.S. considers it a terrorist organization.
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Colombia is approaching the final throes of a half-century-long armed insurrection involving the Colombian government and the FARC, a Marxist-Leninist guerilla group, alongside the lesser-known National Liberation Army (ELN) rebel group.
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When I took up my assignment as chief of the U.S. Interests Section in Havana in 28503, my biggest question was how had Cuba survived as one of the world's last remaining Marxist Leninist systems?
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Beijing is an equal-opportunity oppressor: Buddhists and other Tibetans, Christians, Falun Gong are persecuted, imprisoned, have their organs removed, killed because they believe in something not dictated by the anti-religious Marxist-Leninist ideology.
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"Video testimonials from former cult members can be particularly persuasive," says Lalich, who spent a decade as part of a radical Marxist-Leninist group in the 1970s and '80s that she now considers a cult.
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The reason was that Erdoğan planned a massive incursion to wipe out those Kurds, all of whom he considers to be Marxist-Leninist terrorists, and whose destruction would be a feather in his populist cap.
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This repressive treatment gave rise to the PKK, which was founded in 1978 as a Marxist-Leninist separatist group (a philosophy it has since abandoned) by now-jailed leader Abdullah Ocalan along with Bayik and others.
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For more than 260 years, the country's tangle with FARC, a Marxist-Leninist-inspired revolution that has transformed into a powerful and irregular army, has roiled Colombia, leaving at least 2000 million victims in its wake.
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The protesters, with tacit Indian support, blocked the huge flow of supplies from the border to generate pressure on the new government led by K. P. Oli of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist).
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The West also saw a Marxist revival in the '60s, but its student radicals were ultimately more committed to individual autonomy, democracy in everyday life and cosmopolitanism than to Leninist discipline, class struggle and state power.
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Even as they celebrate Abiy, the Oromo youth are still frustrated with life under the EPRDF, a one-time Marxist-Leninist movement which has controlled nearly every aspect of Ethiopians' lives since seizing power 27 years ago.
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The comedy, created by Brian Gatewood and Alessandro Tanaka, with Rhys Thomas directing, purports to be found TV: a Romanian 1980s buddy-cop drama about two Bucharest officers fighting for truth, atheism and the Marxist-Leninist way.
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This particular contest pits the idealism and punishingly theoretical vernacular of leftism—Johnson introduces his partner, Luna, who is Vietnamese, as a "Marxist-Leninist of the Ho Chi Minh school"—against the prosaic reformism of liberal capitalism.
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Prachanda, who goes by the nom-de-guerre he used in the insurgency that means "Fierce", will need the support of Oli's Unified Marxist-Leninist Party (UML) or other groups in a fragmented parliament to form a government.
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Such concerns were unlikely to be assuaged by Mr. Suber, an adjunct professor of political science at Southern University, an avowed Marxist-Leninist, and an organizer of an anti-statue group called the Take 'Em Down NOLA Coalition.
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North Korea is a hereditary Asian dynasty (currently on its third Kim) — but one maintained by Marxist-Leninist police-state powers unimaginable to earlier epochs of Asian despots and supported by a recently invented and quasi-religious ideology.
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The group voted Thursday to keep its infamous acronym in its new incarnation as a political party, as the Marxist-Leninist rebel army transitions into mainstream politics following a historic peace deal made with the Colombian government last year.
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The 42-year-old took the helm of the once Marxist-Leninist EPRDF at a moment of crisis for the coalition that has ruled Ethiopia with an iron fist since toppling a military regime and taking power in 1991.
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The nine men and one woman face charges of organizing propaganda events, raising funds and recruiting for the Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist-Leninist (TKP/ML), founded in 1972 and listed among a dozen active militant groups in Turkey.
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The system became even more rigid under the Derg military regime that overthrew Emperor Haile Selassie in 1974, and then under the Marxist-Leninist EPRDF that came to power in the early 1990s after the toppling of the generals.
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Oli, of the leftist Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist), promised to resolve simmering tensions in the southern plains and lift a blockade of the Indian border when he was voted in to power almost four months ago.
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As for the FARC's new party, "It's crazy that they have these benefits that parties which didn't kill don't get, when they haven't said sorry or renounced their Marxist-Leninist ideology," argues Rafael Nieto, a deputy justice minister under Mr Uribe.
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On Sunday, he warned India against "unnatural meddling" in Nepal's affairs, and said his party, the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist), would fight any attempts to reverse agreements he had signed with China, including a transit and trade pact.
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The protesters on Thursday tried to attack a pro-Constitution rally organized by the youth wing of the governing Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist Leninist) in the town of Rangeli, said Toyam Raya, the chief district officer of Morang, which includes Rangeli.
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After both talks, a young Italian man named Alfredo, who described himself as a Marxist-Leninist, fulminated outside that the smartly suited men in the grand Belgravia building were trying, in his opinion, to present Gramsci as "some kind of centrist social democrat".
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It has to do with raw labor politics — and the disproportionate role played by the General Confederation of Labor, France's oldest union, which has ties to the once-powerful Communist Party, from which it has kept a Marxist-Leninist call to class struggle.
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Mao was a Leninist — he adopted a kind of Marxist doctrine that held that the state should be held under the tight control of a vanguard party that would oversee the course of communist revolution as it shifted to a centrally planned economy.
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Instead, with seven of the nine tracks postdating the fall of the puritanical Marxist-Leninist Derg regime as well as the Selassie-era recordings documented on Buda Musique's Éthiopiques, these selections suggest a confident modernity‑-arrangements and sonics fuller, melodicism and harmonies defined and developed.
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Indeed, even though Kennan proclaimed that the United States was "not yet really ready to lead the world to salvation," China's Marxist-Leninist, one-party system had values so antithetical to America's that certain agencies in Washington had begun covert operations against Mao anyway.
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The guidelines are a document of the Cuban Communist Party proposed by himself and other top party leaders to rescue the Cuban economy from the Marxist-Leninist orthodoxy imposed by former president Fidel Castro that replicated the economic system of the former Soviet Union.
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Just as the Soviet authorities had hoped the 1980 Olympics would demonstrate the success of the great Marxist-Leninist experiment to the world, so Vladimir V. Putin, the Russian president, saw the World Cup as the perfect stage on which to show off the modern, dynamic Russia.
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"The Reform Party now includes a Klansman, Mr. Duke, a neo-Nazi, Mr. Buchanan, and a communist, Ms. Fulani," Mr. Trump said in a statement, referring to Pat Buchanan and Lenora Fulani, the former standard-bearer of the New Alliance Party and an advocate of Marxist-Leninist politics.
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Mugabe, a soft-spoken former teacher and self-styled Marxist-Leninist revolutionary who quoted Chairman Mao, led one of two guerrilla armies that fought against the white minority regime of Ian Smith and the short-lived black African government of Bishop Abel Muzorewa, which never won international recognition.
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Under the Obama administration, the U.S. backed then-Colombian president Juan Manuel Santos in his bid for political compromise with the once-powerful FARC — which had carried out a reign of terror in the South American nation since its emergence as a Marxist-Leninist grassroots protest force in the 85033s.
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Several analysts predicted that the pace of Vietnam's already sluggish economic liberalization may slow further after Mr. Dung retires this year, in part because he has a better understanding than Mr. Trong of how to communicate with foreign investors and has been more eager to shake off the party's Marxist-Leninist ideological mantle.
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Go deeper: At the 19th Party Congress the CCP changed the "principal contradiction", an overarching guide in a Marxist-Leninist worldview, from "ever-growing material and cultural needs of the people versus backward social production" set in 1981 to "between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people's ever-growing needs for a better life".
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The team, to which OpenAI had granted early access to the full version of GPT-2, made three other ideology bots: One was conditioned on speeches from recently deceased ISIS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, another on writings from Marxist-Leninist thinkers including Mao Zedong, and a third on anarchist books and magazine articles.
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"Malcolm and Leon had this kind of pedagogy that was integrated into organizing work and a Marxist/Leninist framework … then taking that and integrating it with black history and what it meant for black people to live under systemic oppression," Moore says, shaking his head as if he should have made the connection himself long ago.
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For example, in Karl Marx: Das Kapital, Erster Band, people from the former East Germany who had a deep personal relationship with Marxist-Leninist thought — some who dared to escape to the West, a university lecturer on Marxism, a nouveau capitalist — represented themselves on the stage in Berlin and spoke about their own, highly individual experiences.
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However, just before the current Constitution was signed, Prachanda turned his back on his opposition supporters and sided with the dominant parties, the Nepali Congress and the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist), to back a document that reversed even the basic gains on inclusion achieved over the past decade, including its addition of discriminatory citizenship provisions against women.
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Despite almost 25 years in power, the party of Nelson Mandela is still struggling to make the transition from being a liberation organization steeped in Marxist-Leninist notions of being the sole authentic voice of the people – widely-despised President Jacob Zuma often boasts the ANC will rule until "Jesus comes back" – to being just another political contender in a modern democracy.
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Op-Ed Contributor The recent decision by China's National People's Congress to abolish term limits for the office of the president has sent shock waves through the West: Xi Jinping, the current officeholder, is suddenly being described as a new Confucian autocrat, overseeing a state still governed by a Marxist-Leninist party, presiding over a selectively capitalist economy, with ambitions to make his country a global superpower.
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Communist Party, USA (Marxist-Leninist) The group should not be confused with the Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist).
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Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Somnath is a splinter group of Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist). The party is split from Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) led by Kanu Sanyal.
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Because most existing socialist states operated along Marxist–Leninist principles of governance, the terms Marxist–Leninist regime and Marxist–Leninist state are used by scholars, particularly when focusing on the political systems of these countries.Furtak, Robert K. (1986). Political Systems of the Socialist States: An Introduction to Marxist-Leninist Regimes. New York: St. Martin's Press. .
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Proletären (meaning "the proletarian"; in full Marxist-leninist Proletären) is a Swedish Marxist-Leninist weekly newspaper published by the Communist Party.
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The Communist Party of Ireland (Marxist–Leninist) was an anti-revisionist political party based in Ireland, it had strong links with Party of Labour of Albania, Communist Party of Canada (Marxist-Leninist) and Revolutionary Communist Party of Britain (Marxist-Leninist).
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Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist) is a communist political party in Nepal. It was formed by Chandra Prakash Mainali when the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist) reunified with Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist). Mainali had refused to go along with the merger and led a faction of the former Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist) to reorganize the party.
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The Marxist–Leninist Communist Organization – Proletarian Way ( or OCML-VP) is a French Maoist organization formed in 1976, whose political practice is Marxist, Leninist and Maoist.
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An issue from the magazine, Revolusjon! Marxist–Leninist Group Revolution (Norwegian: ML-Gruppa Revolusjon), was a small communist group in Norway. It was formed in 1987 by former members of Marxist-Leninist League. Marxist–Leninist Group Revolution' had an anti-revisionist stance and was oriented towards Albania.
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After the fall of communism in Albania he participated in the Alliance Marxist-Leninist (North America) and supported International Struggle Marxist-Leninist (ISML). He was associated with the British Marxist-Leninist W. B. Bland. In 2008, former political associates of Shulman helped found the American Party of Labor.
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239–40, quote: No, I am not a Communist. I am a Marxist, but not a Marxist-Leninist. [...] Well, a Communist is a Leninist-Marxist, while I am a true Karl Marxist. I've read just about everything by or about Karl Marx.
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The Workers Party of Scotland or Workers Party of Scotland (Marxist-Leninist) was a small anti-revisionist Marxist-Leninist political party formed in 1966 and based in Scotland.
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The International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (ICMLPO) is an international grouping of political parties and organizations adhering to Marxism–Leninism–Maoism founded in 1998 by the Marxist-Leninist Party of Germany. It is organized by a Joint Coordination Group and meets every two or three years. It is known as the "International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (International Newsletter)" or as the "International Conference of Marxist-Leninist Parties and Organizations (Maoist)" to distinguish it from an organisation of exactly the same name which espouses Hoxhaist Marxism-Leninism, which is generally known as the International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle) or the "International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Hoxhaist)".
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PUP poster Popular Unity Party () was a political party in Portugal. PUP was founded in December 1974 by the Mendes fraction of the Communist Party of Portugal (Marxist-Leninist). After the 1975 elections PUP was renamed Portuguese Marxist-Leninist Committee (Comité Marxista-Leninista Português). In 1976 CMLP merged with the Portuguese Marxist-Leninist Communist Organization and the Organization for the Reconstruction of the Communist Party (Marxist-Leninist) to form the Portuguese Communist Party (Reconstructed).
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Marxist–Leninist Armed Propaganda Unit (, abbreviated as MLSPB), known fully as People's Liberation Party-Front of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist Armed Propaganda Unit (THKP-C/MLSPB) is a Marxist–Leninist organization from Turkey. The group is a split from the People's Liberation Party-Front of Turkey. The group was among the founding members of the Peoples' United Revolutionary Movement, formed in March 2016, with the Kurdistan Workers' Party and 7 other Marxist–Leninist organizations.
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The Group of Popular Combatants is the militant and armed sector of the Marxist-Leninist Communist Party of Ecuador. The goal of the Marxist-Leninist Communist Party of Ecuador is to create a revolution in Ecuador that will lead to socialism and communism. The Marxist-Leninist Communist Party of Ecuador gets its political inspiration from other countries' communist parties. These communist parties share similar Marxist- Leninist ideologies, so they meet to share each country's political successes.
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The Marxist-Leninist Party of India (Red Flag), previously the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Red Flag, is a Marxist-Leninist political party in India. The party is one of the most moderate factions of the wider Naxalite movement.R. Krishnakumar. Embers of a revolution , in Frontline, Volume 22 - Issue 21, 08 - 21 Oct.
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In April 2001 they held the 'Founding Congress of Communist Party of Iran (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist)' and after some debates they established the Communist Party of Iran (Marxist- Leninist-Maoist) on May Day, 2001. The Communist Party of Iran (Marxist- Leninist-Maoist) is seen as a continuer of the Union of Iranian Communists (Sarbedaran).
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CMLP, OCMLP and ORPC(ml). announcing the constitutive congress of PCP(R). PCP(R) was founded at a unitary congress in December 1975, through the fusion of the Portuguese Marxist-Leninist Communist Organization, the Portuguese Marxist- Leninist Committee and the Organization for the Reconstruction of the Communist Party (Marxist-Leninist).«Organização Comunista Marxista-Leninista Portuguesa».
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ICMLPO publishes "Unity & Struggle" (photo of the first issue which displays a photo of V.I. Lenin and J.V. Stalin) The International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (ICMLPO) is an international network of Hoxhaist, Marxist-Leninist communist parties that uphold the line of Albanian leader Enver Hoxha and the Party of Labour of Albania. It is therefore part of the tendency within Marxist-Leninist politics known as anti- revisionism. It is known as the International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle), or International Conference of Marxist-Leninist Parties and Organizations (Hoxhaist) to distinguish it from the organization of the same name which espouses Maoism, the International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (International Newsletter) or International Conference of Marxist-Leninist Parties and Organizations (Maoist). The ICMLPO holds a general conference once a year as well as holding regional meetings in Europe and Latin America.
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The Communist Labour Party of Turkey/Leninist (, abbreviated as TKEP/L) is an illegal Marxist- Leninist party in Turkey.
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The IUSF is formally affiliated to Marxist-Leninist Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna.
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Longa Marcha June 1974 Committee for Support to the Reconstruction of the Party (Marxist–Leninist) (in Portuguese: Comité de Apoio à Reconstrução do Partido (Marxista-Leninista)) was a communist group in Portugal, founded in 1974, before the Carnation Revolution. CARP (ML) intended to unify various small marxist-leninist groups into one party. CARP (ML) joined hands with Marxist-Leninist Revolutionary Unity (URML) and Revolutionary Communist Committees (Marxist-Leninist) (CCR (ML)) to form a common front, the People's Democratic Union (UDP). CARP (ML) published Longa Marcha.
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Marxistisk-Leninistisk Forbund (Marxist-Leninist League), a marxist-leninist group in Denmark 1976-1978. MLF was an Odense-based group that was expelled from Kommunistisk Arbejderparti (Communist Workers Party) in 1976, after having criticized the class analysis and problems of internal democracy of KAP. MLF denounced the Three Worlds Theory propagated by the Communist Party of China. On December 31, 1978 MLF merged with Kommunistisk Sammenslutning (marxister-leninister) (Communist Union (Marxist-Leninist)) to form Danmarks Kommunistiske Parti/Marxister-Leninister (Communist Party of Denmark/Marxist- Leninist).
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Lalkar was founded in 1967. Formerly the official journal of the Indian Workers' Association, it is now an independent Marxist- Leninist journal edited by Harpal Brar, chairman of the Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist-Leninist).
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He was originally the leader of the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) and later on, that of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist). In 1998, he joined the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist) led by Bam Dev Gautam. In 2007, Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist) led by him, Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre-Masal) led by Ram Singh Shris and Chitra Bahadur Ale, Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Centre) led by Sitaram Tamang, and a communist party faction led by Bishnu Bahadur Tamang merged to form the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified).
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The Workers' Communist Party of France (, PCOF) is a French Marxist-Leninist political party. The party publishes the monthly newspaper La Forge and is an active participant in the International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations.
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147 Its major publications are Progressive Labor and the Marxist–Leninist Quarterly.
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The Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Greece (, Marxistiko-Leninistiko Kommounistiko Komma Elladas), better known by its acronym M-L KKE (Μ-Λ ΚΚΕ), is an anti-revisionist Marxist–Leninist and Maoist, communist far left political party in Greece.
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Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Unity Initiative was a communist party in India. It was led by Viswam. The CPI (ML) Unity Initiative joined the Six Party Forum, a joint body of Communist Revolutionary organisations formed in 1995. In 2003, the party merged with the Communist Organisation of India (Marxist-Leninist) (led by Kanu Sanyal), forming a new Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist).
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Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) MUC is the merged entity of two naxal-factions - Maharashtra Communist Party and Kerala Communist Party, which in turn is the splinter factions of Central Reorganisation Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist).
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Candidates affiliated with the Marxist-Leninist Party also contested the 1999 and 2007 general elections, although it is not clear if the "Renewal" name was used on these occasions. The Marxist-Leninist Party is not registered provincially in Ontario.
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Bischot died in 1973. In the mid-1970s BNML played an important role in conducting debates on a possible merger of the various marxist-leninist factions. Excluded from the talks were the Socialist Party (who had moved away from the Maoist orthodoxy), Red Youth (which had developed into a terroristic orientation) and the Marxist-Leninist Party of the Netherlands (which was in reality, a BVD proxy). Thus the remaining organizations were the Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands (marxist-leninist) (KEN(ml)), the Group of Marxist-Leninists/Red Dawn (GML), the Communist Circle of Breda (marxist-leninist) (KKB(ml)) and the Communist Workers Organisation (KAO).
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Badruddin Umar (; born 20 December 1931) is a Bangladeshi Marxist–Leninist theorist, political activist, historian, writer, intellectual and leader of the Communist Party of Bangladesh (Marxist–Leninist) (Umar). His father, Abul Hashim, was a prominent politician in the Indian subcontinent.
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Marxist-Leninist Party (Communist Reconstruction) (, originally , RC) is a Marxist-Leninist and Hoxhaist political party operating in Spain, officially registered since 2014. Currently (2015) the party has a presence in the Basque Country, Majorca, Valencia, Catalonia, Andalusia, Galicia and Madrid.
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The Communist Party of Bolivia (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist) (PCB-MLM) is a Marxist–Leninist–Maoist communist party in Bolivia. When the Communist Party of Bolivia (Marxist–Leninist) (PCB-ML) broke with Maoism in 1983 and became Hoxhaist, a small group split from it and founded a new party with the same name. In 2004 it was renamed to its current name. The PCB-MLM supports the government of Evo Morales.
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CPI(ML) Unity Initiative then merged with the Communist Organisation of India (Marxist-Leninist) of Kanu Sanyal to form the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist). In January 2005, the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Red Flag merged into the CPI(ML) led by Sanyal, at a conference in Vijayawada. NVK became a Central Committee member of the unified CPI(ML). NVK died on 13 September 2006.
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He began working as a Hindi teacher at St. Gabriel's High School in Warangal. In Warangal he befriended K.G. Sathyamurthy. Both men joined the Communist Party of India (Marxist- Leninist). Seetharamaiah became a member of the Andhra Pradesh State Committee of CPI(ML). When the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) was torn by internal strife, Seetharamaiah joined the Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) in 1972.
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The party has adopted its own "Contemporary Marxist–Leninist Thought". Its Eighth Party Congress was to be held in 2005 with the theme "Laying the Foundations for the Mass Communist Party", but the congress was delayed because of the federal election. The congress was held in September 2008. The CPC (ML) has a news-sheet, The Marxist–Leninist Daily, and a youth wing, the Communist Youth Union of Canada (Marxist–Leninist).
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Ubaldo Buttafava (died May 9, 2007) was an Italian communist marxist- leninist politician. He was the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Organization for the Communist Party of the Proletariat of Italy (Marxist- Leninist).Benvenuti ad Adobe GoLive 6 Buttafava broke away from the Communist Party of Italy (Marxist-Leninist) in 1980 and formed his own grouping, which adhered to the political line of Enver Hoxha.
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In September 1995, TKP/ML (YİÖ) merged into the Marxist-Leninist Communist Party (MLKP).
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The Communist Youth of Austria (, abbr.: KJÖ) is an independent Marxist–Leninist Youth Organization.
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The Party of Labour () is a revolutionary communist, Marxist–Leninist party founded in Serbia.
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The Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist) was a Maoist political party in the United States.
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"Political Resolution of the Central Committee of the Marxist-Leninist Communist Party of Venezuela".
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In 2001 the UIC (S) became the Communist Party of Iran (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist).
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The American Party of Labor had its origin in the activities of the American communist Jack Shulman, former secretary of Communist Party USA leader William Z. Foster, and the British Marxist–Leninist Bill Bland. Members of the American Party of Labor had previously been active in Alliance Marxist–Leninist and International Struggle Marxist–Leninist, two organizations founded by Shulman and Bland. The present day APL sees itself as upholding and continuing the work of Shulman and Bland. The APL maintains friendly relations with a number of foreign communist parties in the International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations.
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Since the fall of the Eastern European Marxist–Leninist regimes, the Soviet Union and a variety of African Marxist–Leninist regimes, only a few Marxist–Leninist parties remained in power. This include China, Cuba, Laos and Vietnam. Most Marxist–Leninist communist parties outside of these nations have fared relatively poorly in elections, although other parties have remained or became a relative strong force. This include Russia, where the Communist Party of the Russian Federation has remained a significant political force, winning the 1995 legislative election, almost winning the 1996 presidential election and generally remaining the second most popular party.
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The party was founded in 1963 as the Italian Marxist–Leninist Movement. It was renamed Communist Party of Italy (Marxist–Leninist) in 1966. Its founders were from a group of Marxist–Leninist communists, who abandoned the Italian Communist Party led by Luigi Longo for its "revisionist" political line. The founders of the Communist Party of Italy (Marxist–Leninist) criticized and accused the PCI of "revisionism" (because the executives of Italian Communist Party accepted the thesis of Khrushchev that denigrated Stalin in the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union) and to follow a parliamentarist and reformist political line.
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Yannis Hotzeas () (1930 – 24 October 1994) was a Greek communist, Marxist theoretician and one of the principal founders of the Greek Marxist-Leninist movement.
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The group was mainly based in Copenhagen. KSML started publishing Arbejderen (The Worker). In December 1978 KSML merged with another KAP-splinter group, Marxistisk-Leninistisk Forbund (Marxist-Leninist League), to form Danmarks Kommunistiske Parti/Marxister-Leninister (Communist Party of Denmark/Marxist-Leninist).
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Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain () is a communist and Marxist–Leninist political party in Spain. PCPE was founded out of the unification of several Marxist-Leninist factions. The youth organization is called the Communist Youth of the Peoples of Spain.
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The Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Venezuela (Spanish: Partido Comunista Marxista-Leninista de Venezuela, PCMLV) is a Hoxhaist communist party in Venezuela founded in 2009. The PCMLV is a member of the International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle).
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The Socialist Party of Timor (, PST) is a Marxist–Leninist political party in East Timor.
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Part Four covers the Marxist–Leninist strategy of the international communist and working-class movement.
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TDKP is an active participant in the International Conference of Marxist-Leninist Parties and Organizations.
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Scuderi lives in Florence, where there is the headquarters of the Italian Marxist–Leninist Party.
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The Working People's Party of England (WPPE) was a Marxist-Leninist political party in England.
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The Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist–Leninist) is a Marxist–Leninist political party in the United Kingdom, active in England, Scotland, and Wales. The CPGB-ML was created after a split from the Socialist Labour Party (SLP) in 2004. The CPGB-ML publishes the bimonthly newspaper Proletarian, and the Marxist-Leninist journal Lalkar (originally associated with the Indian Workers' Association) is also closely allied with the party. The party chair is Ella Rule.
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The Revolutionary Communist Centre of India (Marxist–Leninist) was a splinter Maoist communist terrorist outfit in India. Later, it split into the Revolutionary Communist Centre of India (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist) party and the Revolutionary Communist Centre of India (Maoist) party. Revolutionary Communist Centre of India (Maoist) merge with Maoist Communist Centre of India, which again merge with Communist Party of India (Maoist). Revolutionary Communist Centre of India (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist) is still existing.
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Kommunistisk Sammenslutning (marxister-leninister) (Communist Union (Marxist- Leninist)), a Marxist-Leninist group in Denmark that existed May–December 1978. KSML was formed through a split in Kommunistisk Arbejderparti (Communist Workers' Party). KSML held that the KAP had turned revisionist. KSML was staunchly pro-Albanian.
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It is usually used in reference to Marxist–Leninist socialists who champion a single-party state.
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The Communist Party of Trinidad and Tobago was a pro-Albanian Marxist-Leninist political party in Trinidad and Tobago. The party was founded in 1979. One source claims it was founded by Hardial Bains, the leader of Communist Party of Canada (Marxist-Leninist). CPTT published Class Struggle.
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Visit our Guest Book One of the issues he highlighted was the need for irrigation in the Karimnagar area. Following the 1994 Legislative Assembly election, CPI(ML) Janashakti was divided. NVK became the leader of a break- away group, the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Janashakti COC. Later, CPI(ML) Janashakti COC would merge with the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) New Initiative of Arvind Sinha and form the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Unity Initiative.
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When the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist) merged with the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) on 15 February 2002, Chandra Prakash Mainali along with other dissident members reorganized the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist). Mainali originally planned to continue the party under his leadership but had to reorganize the party after the former party notified the Election Commission of Nepal of their dissolution and dissolved all central level organization of the party.
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The Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Party Unity, more commonly known as CPI(ML) Party Unity or simply 'Party Unity', was a communist party in India 1982-1998. Narayan Sanyal (politician) alias Naveen Prasad was the general secretary of the party.Joint declaration by Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) People's War, and Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Party Unity Party Unity was the official organ of the party.Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 27.
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The Communist Party (Marxist-Leninist) of Belgium (, abbreviated P.C.(M.L.)B.) was a political party in Belgium.
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The mayor was Madan Sundar Shrestha of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) of Nepal.
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Hudson, Rex. "Coordinating Cuba's Support for Marxist-Leninist Violence in the Americas." Cuban American National Foundation, 1988.
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190-191 The group merged into the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) during the 1990s.
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In 2000, after the end of military rule, the New Haitian Communist Party (Marxist- Leninist) was founded.
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During this period leading members of Echat were hunted down and jailed. Echat was expelled from the Union of Ethiopian Marxist-Leninist Organizations in March 1978, for supposed differences over political and ideological line.World Marxist review, Volume 27, Edition 7–12. p. 65 The Derg crushed Echat, along with the other factions of the Union of Ethiopian Marxist-Leninist Organizations.
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This group later merges into the Portuguese Marxist- Leninist Communist Organization (OCMLP). In 1969 a second conference of another tendency is held inside Portugal, through the initiative of Eduíno Vilar. They start publishing Unidade Popular in March 1969. In 1970 they form the Communist Party of Portugal (Marxist-Leninist).
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Moufawad-Paul takes the commonly accepted Marxist–Leninist–Maoist perspective on the historical development of the philosophy, stating that Marxist–Leninist–Maoism as it has developed contemporaneously did not emerge until the 1980s with its synthesis by the Communist Party of Peru, colloquially known as the Shining Path.
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Scuderi has always had a strong Maoist political commitment. In 1967, along with three other comrades, he joined the Federation of Marxist–Leninist Communists of Italy, but broke in 1968 and joined the Communist Party of Italy (Marxist–Leninist), becoming its Provincial Secretary of Florence. He had a clash with Angiolo Gracci that split from the party and then with General Secretary Fosco Dinucci. In 1969, he established the Italian Bolshevik Communist Organization Marxist–Leninist and Il Bolscevico (The Bolshevik).
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APPO. The party participated in APPO. In the header the reader can see the heads of K. Marx, F. Engels, V. I. Lenin and J. V. Stalin Communist Party of Mexico (Marxist–Leninist) (), is a communist, Anti-Revisionist Marxist- Leninist, Hoxhaist party in Mexico which upholds the line of Enver Hoxha. The party is an active member of the International Conference of Marxist-Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle). It publishes the newspaper Vanguardia Proletaria and the theoretical magazine Política.
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The Marxist–Leninist Party of Ukraine was established in Ukraine in March 2012. Its chairman is Oleksandr Bondarchuk.
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Harakat 23 Mars ( March 23 Movement) was a Marxist Leninist movement founded in Morocco on March 23, 1970.
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Changes for Marxist–Leninist candidate Tony Seed are based on his results in 1972, when he ran unaffiliated.
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Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Janashakti, abbreviated CPI (ML) Janashakti, is a communist political party in India.
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However, the Burma and Amatya factions left CPN (United) to join Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist).
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Although most Marxist–Leninists distinguish between communism and socialism, Bordiga, who did consider himself a Leninist and has been described as being "more Leninist than Lenin",Piccone, Paul (1983). Italian Marxism. University of California Press. p. 134. did not distinguish between the two in the same way Marxist–Leninists do.
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Revolutionary Communist Unity Centre (Marxist–Leninist) was a communist group in India. RCUC(M-L) was formed by Asit Sen in 1970, who had left the All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries in early 1969. Sen criticized Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (CPI(ML)) for not organizing mass movements.
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Saraf was a leader in the early years of Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist). In Kashmir the entire Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)) organization had gone with Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (CPI(ML)). At the CPI(ML) party congress in 1970 Saraf was elected to the Central Committee. The formerly CPI(M) local organ Jammu Sandesh became the regional CPI(ML) publication.
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The fall of Marxist-Leninist governments in Eastern Europe had tremendous influence on the political economy of organized crime.
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In the same vein, some students refused to join the organization because of its promotion of Marxist-Leninist atheism.
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Pavel Kovaly, "Arnoŝt Kolman: Portrait of a Marxist-Leninist philosopher," Studies in East European Thought 12 (1972): 337–366.
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This is a list of the candidates running for the Marxist–Leninist Party in the 41st Canadian federal election.
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Mario Capanna was the charismatic leader of the Milan student movement, which had a more classical Marxist-Leninist approach.
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Changes for Marxist–Leninist candidate Tony Seed are based on his 1988 results, when he ran as an Independent.
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The collapse of the European empires during and following World War I resulted in the creation of a number of short-lived non-Marxist–Leninist people's republics during the revolutions of 1917–1923. In many cases, these governments were unrecognised and often had Marxist–Leninist rivals. The Russian Empire produced several non-Marxist–Leninist people's republics after the October Revolution. The Crimean People's Republic was opposed to the Bolsheviks and the latter went on to capture its territory and establish the Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic.
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The American Party of Labor was founded in 2008 and adheres to Hoxhaism. It has its origins in the activities of the American communist Jack Shulman, former secretary of Communist Party USA leader William Z. Foster; and the British Marxist-Leninist Bill Bland. Members of the American Party of Labor had previously been active in Alliance Marxist- Leninist and International Struggle Marxist-Leninist, two organizations founded by Shulman and Bland. The present day APL sees itself as upholding and continuing the work of Shulman and Bland.
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The Marxist–Leninist Committee (usually referred to as ML Committee, in Telugu: ఎం.ఎల్. కమిటి) is a small political party in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, led by K. Venkateswar Rao. The activities of the group are limited to a few districts in the eastern part of the state, for example Guntur. Ahead of the 2004 Lok Sabha elections the ML Committee was part of the front launched by Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Red Flag and Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist).
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The union considers itself to be Marxist-Leninist, and has had a fraught relationship with the South African Communist Party (SACP), which it considers to be no longer adhering to Marxist-Leninist principles.Numsa’s Response To The SA Communist Party (SACP). National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa website. Dated 17 December 2014.
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Left-wing terrorism or far-left terrorism, sometimes called Marxist–Leninist terrorism or revolutionary/left-wing terrorism, is terrorism meant to overthrow capitalist systems and replace them with Marxist–Leninist or socialist societies. Left-wing terrorism also occurs within already socialist states as activism against the current ruling government.Aubrey, pp. 44–45Moghadam, p.
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Red Patriot was a publication by the Communist Party of Ireland (Marxist–Leninist), it articulated an anti-revisionist outlook on Irish politics and Marxist-Leninist agenda.Red Parrot Vol. 6, No 3/4, August 1st, 1982. Initially Maoist the CPI-ML moved away from Mao and sided with an Albanian articulation of Communism - Hoxhaism.
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Revolutionary Socialist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) is a political party of Marxist-leninist orientation in India. RSP is a break-away party in 1969 from Revolutionary Socialist Party of India(M-L). R.S.P.I(M.-L.) was formed in 19 march, 1940. The party seems to have been mainly based in INDIA.
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Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist – Hareketi (in Turkish: Türkiye Komünist Partisi/Marksist-Leninist - Hareketi, Hareketi is Turkish for 'Movement') was a clandestine communist party in Turkey. TKP/ML Hareketi was born in 1976, through a split in the Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist- Leninist (TKP/ML). TKP/ML-Hareketi wanted to move away from the Maoist orthodoxy of TKP/ML, and alienated itself towards concepts such as 'People's War'.
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Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands (marxist-leninist) (; KEN (ml)) was a communist organization in the Netherlands founded in 1964.
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The Communist Party of Canada (Marxist-Leninist) fielded 84 candidates in the 2000 federal election, none of whom were elected.
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The Communist Party of Bangladesh () is a Marxist-Leninist political party in Bangladesh. It is in the left democratic coalition.
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After the rename it remained a member of the Hoxhaist International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle).
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Colombian Communist Party – Maoist (Spanish: Partido Comunista de Colombia - Maoista) is a Colombian Maoist political party. It was founded by the Communist Organization of Colombia (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist) in July 2001.Informe Poltitico PCC-M mural at university in Bogotá The party is a member of the International Conference of Marxist-Leninist Parties and Organizations.
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In 1975, the survivors of the Jhapa movement took the initiative to found the All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist-Leninist). Other small groups merged with ANCRCC (ML). On December 26, 1978, ANCRCC (ML) organized the founding congress of the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist). Mainali was elected general secretary of the party.
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Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist), was a minor communist party in Nepal. The party was as founded in 1981 by Krishna Das Shrestha. Initially it was known as the Nepal Marxist-Leninist Party. Shrestha had broken away from the Bagmati District Committee (which functioned semiautnomously) of the Communist Party of Nepal in 1969.
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The Marxist–Leninist League of Colombia (, abbreviated 'Liga ML') was a communist group in Colombia. It emerged in late 1971, founded by splinters of the Communist Party of Colombia (Marxist–Leninist) (PCC(ML)) in Antioquia, Nariño, Santander and the Atlantic Coast. Its Political Secretary was Arturo Acero. Liga ML was active in peasant movements.
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The Marxist–Leninist Party of Quebec (, PMLQ) is a Marxist–Leninist and separatist political party in Quebec, Canada. The PMLQ is the Quebec branch of the Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist). It has run candidates in Quebec general elections in 1973, 1981 and since 1989 under various names: Parti communiste du Québec (marxiste-léniniste), Parti marxiste-léniniste (Québec) and Parti marxiste-léniniste du Québec. In 2002, three leftist political parties (Rassemblement pour l'alternative progressiste, Parti de la démocratie socialiste and Parti communiste du Québec) merged to form the Union des forces progressistes.
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The group was an active member of the International Conference of Marxist-Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle) Marxist–Leninist Group Revolution published the magazine Revolution! until this was taken over by Communist Platform. They were cooperating with other marxist-leninist groups, mainly ex-members of the Workers' Communist Party, on forming a new communist party. This initiative is called Communist PlatformAnnouncement of the Communist Platform The Norwegian communists will reorganize -retrieved 2007-03-10 Revolution was closed down in 2013, all information about the group is removed from the website.
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The Marxist–Leninist Party, USA (MLP) was the final incarnation of a series of communist anti-revisionist groups that began in 1967 lasted until 1993 when it dissolved. It published the paper Workers Advocate. During its history, it became a Hoxhaist group, before turning away from backing Albania and attempting to advance a distinctive anti-revisionist trend in Marxism–Leninism. It was founded as the American Communist Workers Movement (Marxist–Leninist) in the 1960s as a Maoist organization allied with the Canadian Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist), CPC (M-L).
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While in Paris during the 1940s, he joined the French Communist Party. Returning to Cambodia in 1953, he involved himself in the Marxist–Leninist Khmer Việt Minh organisation and its guerrilla war against King Norodom Sihanouk's newly independent government. Following the Khmer Việt Minh's 1954 retreat into Marxist–Leninist controlled North Vietnam, Pol Pot returned to Phnom Penh, working as a teacher while remaining a central member of Cambodia's Marxist–Leninist movement. In 1959, he helped formalise the movement into the Kampuchean Labour Party, which was later renamed the Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK).
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Communist Party of Sri Lanka (Left) changed its name to the New Democratic Party in 1991, and after that to New-Democratic Marxist-Leninist Party at its 5th All Ceylon Conference held in Colombo in June 2010 and Communist Party of Sri Lanka (Left) changed its name to the New-Democratic Marxist-Leninist Party at its 5th All Ceylon Conference held in Colombo in June 2010. Various Marxist-Leninist-Maoist parties worldwide has "New Democracy" in their name. Currently S.K. Senthivel is the General Secretary, and internationally party affiliated with ICOR.
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Proletarian is a British bi-monthly political, communist magazine. It is published by the Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist–Leninist).
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As determined by the security forces, Çakıcı was in 1995 on the assassination list of Dev Sol, a Marxist–Leninist organization.
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Marxist–Leninist–Maoists uphold Mao Zedong's philosophical works, particularly his work on dialectics in On Contradiction and on epistemology in On Practice.
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The American Party of Labor is an American Marxist–Leninist party founded in 2008, which follows the pro-Albanian tradition (i.e. Hoxhaism).
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For some time, the tetralogy was banned in Indonesia by the Suharto administration, as it was accused of spreading "Marxist-Leninist teaching".
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They would eventually break off from the old party and form the Communist Party of the Philippines/Marxist–Leninist–Maoist in 1968.
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However a small group, led by Ivan Pinheiro, questioning the legality of the 10th Congress, decided to keep the party Marxist–Leninist.
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The maoist PCP and its successor the PCP(i) are sometimes called Paraguayan Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist) or Communist Party of Paraguay.
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In 1990 the party took part in the United Left Front and this led to CPN (ML) merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) in 1991.
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Castro with South American leaders of the Mercosur trade bloc in 2006. In the 2000s Castro forged alliances in the Latin American "pink tide". Castro proclaimed himself to be "a Socialist, a Marxist, and a Leninist", and publicly identified as a Marxist–Leninist from December 1961 onward. As a Marxist, Castro sought to transform Cuba from a capitalist state which was dominated by foreign imperialism to a socialist society and ultimately to a communist society.
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Communist Party of Indian Union (Marxist–Leninist) was an Indian political party. CPIU (ML) traced its origins to a small group that broke away from the Communist Organization of India (Marxist-Leninist) of Kanu Sanyal and joined Marxist Communist Party of India. The merger between CPIU and MCPI took place at a conference in Chandigarh on 11 September 1998. At the time of the merger, the general secretary of CPIU was U. Krishanuppa from Karnataka.
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World Politics. Cambridge University Press. 4 (3): 369–381. . . Although most Marxist–Leninists distinguish between communism and socialism, Bordiga, who did consider himself a Leninist and has been described as being "more Leninist than Lenin",Piccone, Paul (1983).
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CPN(M) was a member of the United Left Front and took part in the uprising against the autocratic regime in 1990. In 1991 CPN(M) unified with Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist) to form the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist). A sizeable section of the old CPN(M) leadership did however break away from CPN (UML) rapidly, reconstituting their own Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) Mass organizations of CPN (Marxist) included the Nepal Trade Union Centre and Nepal Progressive Students Union.
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The Communist Party of Portugal (Marxist–Leninist) () was a political party in Portugal. Also known as the 'Mendes faction of PCP(M-L)'.
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During the Lee Myung-bak government, some South Korean military officers were arrested for suspected pro-North Korean or pro-Marxist–Leninist activities.
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The Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (OIPFG; ), simply known as Fadaiyan-e-Khalq () was a Marxist-Leninist underground guerrilla organization in Iran.
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Only one Western classic communist party sided with the CPC, the Communist Party of New Zealand. Under the leadership of the CPC and Mao Zedong, a parallel international communist movement emerged to rival that of the Soviets, although it was never as formalized and homogeneous as the pro-Soviet tendency. Another effort at regrouping the international communist movement is the International Conference of Marxist-Leninist Parties and Organizations (ICMLPO). Three notable parties that participate in the ICMLPO are the Marxist–Leninist Party of Germany (MLPD), the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) and Marxist–Leninist Communist Organization – Proletarian Way.
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The Revolutionary Marxist–Leninist League was a small Maoist political party in Britain. The group was founded in 1968 by a group of students around Abhimanyu Manchanda, who had been expelled from the CPGB in 1965. It participated in the Joint Committee of Communists, but suffered two splits the following year: of the Communist Workers League of Britain (Marxist–Leninist), and of the Association of Communist Workers around Harpal Brar. In 1971, a further group left, to found the Marxist-Leninist Workers Association, which later merged via the Communist Unity Association into the Revolutionary Communist League of Britain.
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The party built up the Punjab Kisan Union, and led struggles particularly in the Jalandhar and Ludhiana districts. During the Khalistani days, the Punjab unit developed cooperation with one splintergroup of the Unity Centre of Communist Revolutionaries of India (Marxist–Leninist) (UCCRI(ML)) within the Front against Repression and Communalism. This experience attracted the group to a mass line. In 1994 the Punjab branch of CPI(ML) Central Team unified with Centre of Communist Revolutionaries of India, Communist Unity Centre of India and Marxist–Leninist Organising Centre to form the Communist Party Reorganization Centre of India (Marxist–Leninist).
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Acharya joined students movement in 1975. He joined Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) in 1979. He won the 2008 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election from Sunsari-6 constituency with 15,606 votes defeating Narendra Bahadur Basnet of Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist). He was appointed as the Chief Whip of the Parliamentary Party of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist).
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Communist Struggle (Marxist–Leninist) (Lutte Communiste (Marxiste-Leniniste)) was a minor communist group in Belgium, existing in the end of the 1970s. It published the magazine Lutte Communiste. The organisation emerged from the students movement in Liege in 1972. In December 1978 it merged with the Marxist-Leninist Communist Party of Belgium, but by that time most of its members had deserted.
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The Marxist-Leninist Centre in Mexico is a communist organization located in Mexico. The MLCM supports Marxism-Leninism and Maoism and its aim is to establish a revolutionary party in Mexico. It has strong ties with the Italian Marxist-Leninist Party (PMLI), that defines its "elder brother". The Centre has also translated some PMLI works about Joseph Stalin and Mao Zedong in Spanish.
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Suman Raj Pyakurel (Nepali: सुमन राज प्याकुरेल) is a Nepalese communist politician and member of the National Assembly. In 2018, he was elected unopposed in Province No. 2 for the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) with a four-year term. In 2013, he ran for the Constituent Assembly election for the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist).
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Revolutionary Communist Centre of India (Maoist), was a communist group based in Punjab. RCCI(M) was formed in 1995, as the Revolutionary Communist Centre of India (Marxist-Leninist) was divided into two (the other faction was the Revolutionary Communist Centre of India (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist)). The secretary of RCCI(M) was Shamsher Singh Sheri. RCCI(M) held conferences in 1996 and 2002.
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Amin stated that "the Afghans recognize only crude force." Afghanistan expert Amin Saikal writes: "As his powers grew, so apparently did his craving for personal dictatorship ... and his vision of the revolutionary process based on terror." Once in power, the PDPA implemented a liberal and Marxist–Leninist agenda. It moved to replace religious and traditional laws with secular and Marxist–Leninist ones.
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Mugabe in a meeting with Romanian communist leader Nicolae Ceaușescu in 1979 Mugabe focused on the propaganda war, making regular speeches and radio broadcasts. In these, he presented himself as a Marxist-Leninist, speaking warmly of Marxist-Leninist revolutionaries like Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin, and Fidel Castro. Despite his Marxist views, Mugabe's meetings with Soviet representatives were unproductive, for they insisted on Nkomo's leadership of the revolutionary struggle. His relationship with the People's Republic of China was far warmer, as the Chinese Marxist government supplied ZANLA with armaments without any conditions.
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Marxist–Leninists view the constitution as a fundamental law and as an instrument of force. The constitution is the source of law and legality. Unlike in liberal democracies, the Marxist–Leninist constitution is not a framework to limit the power of the state. To the contrary, a Marxist–Leninist constitution seeks to empower the state—believing the state to be an organ of class domination and law to be the expression of the interests of the dominant class.
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In November 2018, the XXIVth Plenary of the International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations granted the APL Observer status in that organization.
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Laos has the strictest limitations on legal abortions among current Marxist–Leninist countries; it is only allowed to save the life of the mother.
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Communist symbols along with the Marxist-Leninist and communist ideologies are banned in Taiwan since May 2020 after dissolution of Taiwan Democratic Communist Party.
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Awami Tahreek, formerly Sindhi Awami Tahreek (), is a Marxist–Leninist–Maoist political party based in the Pakistani province of Sindh, and headquartered in Hyderabad.
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The following is a list of notable attacks on civilians attributed to the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP), a Sri Lankan Marxist-Leninist, communist group.
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The Socialist Party of Bangladesh (SPB; ) is a Marxist-Leninist party in Bangladesh. The party was founded by Comrade Khalequzzaman on 7 November 1980.
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On 25 December 1991, Gorbachev officially announced the dissolution of the Soviet Union, ending the existence of the world's first Marxist–Leninist-led state.
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Twenty-seven candidates contested the 1999 Ontario provincial election as independent candidates, affiliated with the Communist Party of Canada - Marxist-Leninist. None were elected.
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Gabriel Girard-Bernier is a perennial candidate for the Marxist-Leninist Party. He received 121 votes (0.23%), finishing sixth against Liberal incumbent Marcel Proulx.
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Willi Dickhut (29 April 1904 – 8 May 1992) was a German communist and cofounder of the Marxist–Leninist Party of Germany (Marxistisch–Leninistische Partei Deutschlands).
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In 1979 the Communist Struggle (Marxist-Leninist) faction merged into P.C.M.L.B.. In January 1979 Clarté et l'Exploité was transformed into the bimonthly La Voix Communiste.
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Jugendverband REBELL (Youth League 'Rebel') is a political youth organization in Germany. It is the youth wing of the Marxist-Leninist Party of Germany (MLPD).
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The Communist Party of Greece (Marxist–Leninist) (, Kommounistiko Komma Elladas (marxistiko-leninistiko), KKE (m-l)), is a Mao Zedong Thought communist political party in Greece.
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The Constitution of Vietnam was adopted in the south of the country. The Communist Party of Vietnam promoted their Marxist–Leninist ideology in the country.
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S. K. Senthivel is a Sri Lankan political activist. He has been guiding the New-Democratic Marxist-Leninist Party as the General Secretary since 1989.
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Bhim Acharya, secretary of Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist- Leninist), assumed the post of the Minister for Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation of Nepal on 25 February 2014 under Sushil Koirala-led government. He is a member of the 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly. He won the Sunsari-6 seat in 2013 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election from the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist).
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Nepal joined the communist movement in 1969. In the underground struggle, he used party names such as 'Subodh', 'Sunil', 'Ranjan' and 'Bibek'. In 1971 he became a district committee member of the Nepal Revolutionary Organisation (Marxist-Leninist). At a conference held in Biratnagar June 7–8, 1975, M.K. Nepal was elected as a bureau member of the All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist-Leninist).
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The theoretical publication of OCMLP was Foice e Martello. In December 1975, it merged with the Portuguese Marxist-Leninist Committee and the Organization for the Reconstruction of the Communist Party (Marxist-Leninist), forming the Portuguese Communist Party (Reconstructed) or PCP(R). Just prior to the merger, OCMLP had passed through a split. The majority, with strong base in Porto, went through with the merger plans.
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The organization started as a pro-China leftist faction within the Communist Party of the Netherlands in 1964. At that time, it called itself Marxist- Leninist Centre (Marxistisch-Leninistisch Centrum) and transpired by the Communist Party section 33 in Blijdorp, Rotterdam. Leading figures (in an organization of only a handful of members) were Nico Schrevel and Daan Monjé. MLC ( Marxist-Leninist Centre ) started publishing the magazine, Spartacus.
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They rejected Nikita Khrushchev's policies, which they regarded as revisionist, and followed a Marxist-Leninist course. In 1968, the Internationalists came to public attention as they organised a protest against the visit of King Baudouin of Belgium to Trinity College."Students demonstrate during Royal visit", The Irish Times 16 May 1968 (p. 11) In 1969, they renamed themselves the Irish Communist Movement (Marxist-Leninist).
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The Congress of Afrikan people (CAP) was a proponent of black nationalism. Active in the 1970s, CAP's ideology was set around Maoist theory and practice. Its activities illustrate fluidity and changing nature of black radicalism in this period. It later became the Revolutionary Communist League (Marxist- Leninist-Mao Tse-tung Thought), led by Amiri Baraka, which merged into the League of Revolutionary Struggle (Marxist-Leninist).
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Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Page 5-6. In the Marxist–Leninist interpretation, all modern religions and churches are considered as "organs of bourgeois reaction" used for "the exploitation and the stupefaction of the working class". A number of Marxist–Leninist governments in the 20th century such as the Soviet Union after Vladimir Lenin and the People's Republic of China under Mao Zedong implemented rules introducing state atheism.
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In South America, Colombia has been in the midst of a civil war which has been waged since 1964 between the Colombian government and aligned right-wing paramilitaries against two Marxist–Leninist guerrilla groups, namely the National Liberation Army and Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia. In Peru, there has been an internal conflict between the Peruvian government and Marxist–Leninist–Maoist militants such as the Shining Path.
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Chandradip Singh also known as Chandradeep Singh or Chander Deep Singh is an Indian politician and former member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly. He is a member of the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation. He had represented the Piro constituency from 1990–1995 as a member of the Indian People's Front, a mass front of the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation.Sen, Arindam.
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In later years, it spread to less developed areas of rural southern and eastern India, such as Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana through the activities of underground groups like the Communist Party of India (Maoist). Some Naxalite groups have become legal organisations participating in parliamentary elections, such as the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation and the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Janashakti.
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The Provisional Central Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) is a communist political party in India. The general secretary of the party is Santosh Rana. The party is often referred to as CPI(ML) [Santosh Rana Group] or likewise. Election propaganda in Ukhra, West Bengal The PCC, CPI(ML) evolved from the group loyal to Satyanarayan Singh from the original Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist).
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Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Central Team was formed in 1977 when activists from Punjab, Maharashtra and West Bengal of Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) (CPI(ML)) of Satyanaryan Singh revolted against the party leadership. CPI(ML) Central Team reaffirmed the legacy of Charu Majumdar. The principal strength of the party was in Punjab. In Punjab the new party started publishing Surkh Rekha.
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Retrieved 18 April 2020. Other leftists, including some Marxist–Leninists, apply self- criticism and have at times criticised Marxist–Leninist praxis and several actions by Marxist–Leninist govrnments while recognising its advancements, emancipatory acts such as their support of labour rights,Towe, Thomas E. (1967). "Fundamental Rights in the Soviet Union: A Comparative Approach". University of Pennsylvania Law Review. 115 (1251): 1251–172. Retrieved 14 October 2020.Braga, Alexandre (January/July 2017). "Law and Socialism in the Perspective of Human Emancipation".
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The Portuguese Marxist–Leninist Communist Organization (, OCMLP) was a Portuguese far-left political party, founded in 1973 after the merger between two minor communist grouping, the group around the journal O Comunista (split from the Portuguese Marxist-Leninist Committee) and O Grito do Povo (a group based in Northern Portugal). The party achieved some political expression in the last years of the fascist regime of Marcello Caetano, mainly in Paris, among a community of exiled politicians. In December 1974 OCMLP launched the Communist Electoral Front (Marxist-Leninist) (FEC(m-l)), with which it participated in the 1975 Constituent Assembly elections. The main publication of OCMLP was O Grito do Povo.
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Anasintaxi was established in 1996. It is a Marxist-Leninist organization which struggles for the union of all Greek communists in one Marxist-Leninist-Stalinist party. It occurred from the union of small Marxist-Leninist groups such as Movement for a United Communist Party of Greece and Post-Soviet Epoch mainly consisted of exiled Greek communists from the former Soviet Union and old EAM-ELAS soldiers and officers. The members of Anasintaxi claim that today's KKE has no relation with the party before its destalinization in the period 1955–1956, and that the new party's leaders betrayed Nikolaos Zachariadis, the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Greece (KKE) until 1955.
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Marxist–Leninist communist governments Its leading role in World War II saw the emergence of the Soviet Union as an industrialized superpower, with strong influence over Eastern Europe and parts of Asia. The European and Japanese empires were shattered and communist parties played a leading role in many independence movements. Marxist–Leninist governments modeled on the Soviet Union took power with Soviet assistance in Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Poland, Hungary and Romania. A Marxist–Leninist government was also created under Josip Broz Tito in Yugoslavia, but Tito's independent policies led to the expulsion of Yugoslavia from the Cominform which had replaced the Comintern and Titoism was branded "deviationist".
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Political parties in South Asia. Westport: Praeger, 2004. p. 306. Mukti Morcha Samuha merged into the All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist-Leninist) in 1977.
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Kathmandu: Pairavi Prakashan. Chart no. 1. On December 12, 1978, the group merged into the All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist-Leninist).Rawal, Bhim Bahadur.
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In 1985 Sanyal's faction along with five other groups, merged to form the Communist Organisation of India (Marxist- Leninist). Sanyal became the leader of COI(ML).
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In Apartheid South Africa, a trilingual sign in English, Afrikaans and Zulu enforces the racist segregation of a Natal beach as exclusively "for the sole use of members of the white race group". The Afrikaner Nationalist Party cited anti-communism as a reason for oppression of the black and coloured populations of South Africa. A new front of Marxist–Leninist revolution erupted in Africa between 1961 and 1979. Angola, Benin, Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique and Somalia became Marxist–Leninist states governed by their respective native peoples during the 1968–1980 period. Marxist–Leninist guerrillas fought the Portuguese Colonial War (1961–1974) in three countries, namely Angola, Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique.Kohn, George Childs, ed. (2007). Dictionary of Wars (3rd ed.). pp. 25–26. In Ethiopia, a Marxist–Leninist revolution deposed the monarchy of Emperor Haile Selassie (1930–1974) and established the Derg government (1974–1987) of the Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia.
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He continued to oversee many of the Marxist–Leninists' underground communications; all correspondence between the Democratic Party and the Pracheachon went through him. Sihanouk cracked down on the Marxist–Leninist movement, whose membership had halved since the end of the civil war. Links with the North Vietnamese Marxist–Leninists declined, something Sâr later portrayed as a boon. He and other members increasingly regarded Cambodians as too deferential to their Vietnamese counterparts; to deal with this, Sâr, Tou Samouth, and Nuon Chea drafted a programme and statutes for a new Marxist–Leninist party that would be allied with but not subordinate to the Vietnamese.
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The organization takes part in the International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (International Newsletter). Proletarian Way also support the people war in India and Philippines.
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The Liberation Front was a communist Naxal splinter faction in India. The leader was Sabuj Sen. The party later merged with Communist Organisation of India (Marxist-Leninist).
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Nezma Khatun () is a member of 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly. She won Bara-4 seat in CA assembly, 2013 from Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist).
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Instead they launched a new strategy and their slogan became "Protracted People's War: siege the cities via Villages". They also formulated their current "Marxist- Leninist-Maoist" stance.
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Originally the party was Maoist, advocating a people's war in Spain. Since the late 1990s the party abandoned Maoism in favour of more classic Marxist-Leninist positions.
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Pierre Soublière is a perennial candidate for the Marxist- Leninist Party. He received 95 votes (0.15%) in 2008, finishing sixth against New Democratic Party incumbent Paul Dewar.
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Nepal Samyabadi Party (Marksbadi–Leninbadi–Maobadi) (Nepali for 'Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist)') was a small communist party in Nepal, formed out of a split from the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist- Leninist-Maoist). The party was often called NSP(Malema) or Communist Party of Nepal (Samyabadi). The general secretary of NSP(Malema) was Nanda Kumar Prasai. Another leading member of the party was Kumar Belbase.
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Tilburg students moved to Rotterdam to reconstruct the organization. The dominance of the Tilburg students provoked a section of Rotterdam members to leave KEN (ml) in March 1972 and form the Marxist-Leninist Rotterdam Group. Similarly, a group of KEN (ml) members from the Brabant town of Breda, who refused to move to the Rotterdam area, broke away in August. They formed the Communist Circle of Breda (Marxist-Leninist).
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He became a Marxist-Leninist and the Derg came to rule Ethiopia as a Marxist-Leninist military Junta. The Soviet Union supported him and the Derg, and they began to supply him weapons and portray him positively. He than tried to model Ethiopia off of the Eastern European members of the Warsaw Pact.Diana L. Ohlbaum, "Ethiopia and the Construction of Soviet Identity, 1974-1991." Northeast African Studies 1.1 (1994): 63-89.
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National identity is based on the emotional psychology of perceived kinship ties – a sense of the nation as the fully extended family – and accordingly belongs to the realm of the subconscious and nonrational.Connor, Ethnonationalism, 202-03. Finally, Connor is also well known for his analysis of Marxist-Leninist treatments of nationalism, which he deals with at length in his book The National Question in Marxist-Leninist Theory and Strategy.
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New Delhi: Rupa & Co., 1999. p. 125-126. In September 1993, MCC, Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) People's War and Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Party Unity decided to coordinate their struggles. As a result, the All India People's Resistance Forum was formed, with the participation of cadres from the three parties. AIPRF held a mass rally, with around 100 000 participants, on 21 March 1994.
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In April 1969, AICCCR was reorganized into the Marxist-Leninist party, the CPI(Marxist -Leninist). The new anti-parliamentary party was announced to the world on May, 1969 at a large meeting on the Maidan organized by Kanu Sanyal. Here there was a scuffle with CPI(M) cadres, a harbinger of much worse to come. In a national CPI(ML) meeting in 1970, fissures started appearing between Charu and some others.
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By 1973, the members of the Marxist–Leninist MEK launched an "internal ideological struggle". Members that did not convert to Marxism were expelled or reported to SAVAK, and Majid Sharif Vaqefi, the only Muslim left in the Central Committee, was executed. Muslim MEK members that did not convert to Marxism were expelled or reported to SAVAK. Between 1973 and 1975, the Marxist–Leninist MEK increased their armed operations in Iran.
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The political structure of the Marxist–Leninist state involves the rule of a communist vanguard party over a revolutionary socialist state that represents the will and rule of the proletariat. Through the policy of democratic centralism, the communist party is the supreme political institution of the Marxist–Leninist state. In Marxism–Leninism, elections are held for all positions within the legislative structure, municipal councils, national legislatures and presidencies.Pons, p. 306.
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The New Haitian Communist Party (Marxist-Leninist) (', NPCH(ML) ) is a Marxist-Leninist political party in Haiti. It was founded in 2000. In a statement regarding the party's ideological foundation, the NPCH(ML) refers to the theory and practice of Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin and Mao Zedong. The NPCH(ML) participates in and was a founding member of the International Coordination of Revolutionary Parties and Organizations (ICOR).
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He was also greatly interested in the Marlenite ideas of the Leninist League of the United States, an anti-Stalinist Marxist–Leninist group, sharing their view that the Second World War was orchestrated by Western capitalists and the Soviet Union's "state capitalists" to crush Europe's proletariat.
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Although ostensibly Marxist-Leninist in ideology and seemingly based in Lebanon, the ACO's own activities in the Middle East do not reveal a clearly devised strategy or objectives.
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The central committee has a total of 441 members, including 241 from Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist), and 200 from Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre).
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The Communist Party of Australia (Marxist-Leninist) is a Maoist organisation in Australia. It was founded in 1964 as a pro-Mao split from the Australian Communist Party.
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Ram Hari Subedi () is a member of 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly. He won Kavre-2 seat in CA assembly, 2013 from Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist).
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Dev Raj Bhar () is a member of 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly. He won Banke-1 seat in CA assembly, 2013 from Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist).
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Man Prasad Khatri () is a member of 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly. He won Bajhang-1 seat in CA assembly, 2013 from Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist).
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Lal Bahadur Rawal () is a member of 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly. He won Bajhang-2 seat in CA assembly, 2013 from Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist).
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Dinesh Chandra Yadav () is a member of 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly. He won Banke-2 seat in CA assembly, 2013 from Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist).
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Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) was a Nepalese political party. It was formed on November 1, 1991 by a group of former leaders of the original Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) that had been expelled from the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist). Initially it was known as Communist Party of Nepal (15 September 1949), but it took the name 'Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist)' after approximately one year of existence. Prabhunaryan Chaudhary was the chairman of the party. Ahead of the 1992 elections to local bodies CPN (15 September 1949) took part in forming a front together with the Samyukta Janamorcha Nepal, Nepal Workers Peasants Party, Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist) and Nepal Communist League.
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Sri Lanka has had Marxist–Leninist ministers in their national governments. In Zimbabwe, former President Robert Mugabe of the ZANU–PF, the country's long standing leader, was a professed Marxist–Leninist.Talbot, Stephen (27 June 2006). "From Liberator to Tyrant: Recollections of Robert Mugabe". Frontline/World.
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He headed the Communist Party (Marxist-Leninist),. in which role he was one of the first U.S. political activists to visit the People's Republic of China.. Klonsky later became critical of Marxist dogma but stayed active in civil rights, anti-war and educational reform politics.
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Socialist patriotism is a form of patriotism promoted by Marxist–Leninist movements.Robert A. Jones. The Soviet concept of "limited sovereignty" from Lenin to Gorbachev: the Brezhnev Doctrine. MacMillan, 1990.
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Religious leaders were encouraged to conduct sermons that combined a synthesis of religious and Marxist–Leninist values.Lavinia Stan and Lucian Turcescu. The Romanian Orthodox Church and Post-Communist Democratisation.
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The first created the Jeunesse communiste révolutionnaire (JCR, Revolutionary Communist Youth) and the second the Union des jeunesses communistes marxistes- léninistes (UJC (ml); Union of Marxist–Leninist Communist Youth).
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Edward Fowler Hill (1915–1988) was an Australian barrister and communist activist. He was chairman of the Communist Party of Australia (Marxist- Leninist) (CPA(ML)) from 1964 to 1986.
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Til Kumar Menyangbo Limbu () is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist). He was elected to the Pratinidhi Sabha in the 1999 election.
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K.C., Surendra. Aitihasik dastavej sangroh - bhag 2. Kathmandu: Pairavi Prakashan, 2063 B.S.. p 9. CPN (ML) was inspired by the Indian Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (CPI (ML)).
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It is not to be confused with the former Communist Party of Great Britain, the Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist–Leninist), or the current Communist Party of Britain.
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Consequent to the relative freedoms of the de-Stalinized Soviet Union, Mao retained the Stalinist model of Marxist–Leninist economy, government, and society for the People's Republic of China.
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Ahead of the Lok Sabha elections 2004 LNP(L) supported the candidates of Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Red Flag. LNP(L) published Leninwadi Lalnishan monthly from Pune.
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KEN (ml) formed a youth wing, Marxist-Leninist Youth, and a student wing, Marxist-Leninist Students League. Nico Schrevel was the national political secretary of KEN (ml). Other KEN (ml) fronts were the League of Tenants and House-seekers (Bond van Huurders en Woningzoekenden, BHW) and Workers Power (Arbeidersmacht). KEN (ml) played a leading role during the 1970 Rotterdam port strike-through Arbeidersmacht, even though the KEN (ml) membership only had very few workers.
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Election Commission of Nepal In 1995 Chaulagain deserted the SJM and joined the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist). When the CPN(UML) split in 1998, Chaulagain joined the break-away Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist). He became a Central Committee member of CPN(ML).Nepalnews.com (Flashnews) Arc159 When CPN(ML) reunified with CPN(UML) in 2002, he rejoined CPN(UML) and became a Central Committee member of the party.
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The Communist League of India (Marxist–Leninist) was founded by a faction of the Central Reorganisation Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist- Leninist) -Ram Nath group on 20 February 1978. CLI (ML) holds that India is a less developed but still capitalist country, so the coming revolution will be a socialist one. Over the years this party got divided into numerous different factions. The first faction, led by Ramnath, publishes 'Lal Tara' in Hindi.
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The Organizing Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) (OCCPI(ML)), also known as the Bihar-Bengal Committee (CPI(ML)), was a communist organization in India led by B.N. Sharma. OCCPI(ML) was in a close cooperation with the Unity Centre of Communist Revolutionaries of India (Marxist–Leninist) (UCCRI(ML)). There was a period of cooperation between the two organizations on trade union solidarity. Discussions took place on forming joint students fronts, for example.
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He also wrote an English-Albanian dictionary which included information on Albanian life, culture, politics and history. Together with the American Communist, Jack Shulman, he participated in the Alliance Marxist-Leninist (North America) and supported International Struggle Marxist- Leninist (ISML). In 1991, he helped found the Stalin Society, however, he was later expelled by a Maoist faction. Bland was the coauthor of A Tangled Web: A History Of Anglo-American Relations with Albania (1912-1955).
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In 1971, Mohammad Toaha and Abdul Haq refused to participate for the independence of Bangladesh. After the war two separate EPCP(M-L)s were formed, one led by Toaha's EPCP(M-L) which evolved into the Communist Party of Bangladesh (Marxist-Leninist) and the other led by Abdul Haq. Mohammad Toaha's party denounced Charu Majumdar's ideology of class annihilation. In 1978 Haque's party took the name Revolutionary Communist Party of Bangladesh (Marxist- Leninist).
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Marxist–Leninist Front (in Swedish: Marxist-Leninistisk Front), was a small communist group in Sweden. MLF was formed through a split in KFML in 1972. The founders of MLF claimed that it had become impossible to conduct revolutionary activities through KFML. MLF published Kommunistisk Teori och Praktik.
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A series of expulsions from KPS 1983-1984 led to the refoundation of NKF. In 1987 NKF started publishing Röd Gryning (Red Dawn). Gradually NKF diverted from the pro-Albanian line and embraced Trotskyism. In 1989 NKF changed its name to Marxist-Leninistiska Förbundet (Marxist-Leninist League).
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The Communist Party of Canada - Marxist-Leninist ran several candidates in the 2004 federal election, none of whom were elected. Information about these candidates may be found on this page.
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Communist Cells (, originally , CC) was a Marxist-Leninist and left-wing nationalist political organization operating in the Canary Islands. The party aim was self-determination for the islands and socialism.
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The Communist Party of Canada (Marxist-Leninist) ran 65 candidates in the 1997 federal election, none of whom were elected. Information about these candidates may be found on this page.
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In 1951, the Supreme Court decided Dennis v. United States. In Dennis, the petitioners were zealous Communists who organized for the purpose of teaching the "Marxist-Leninist Doctrine."Dennis v.
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Singh contested the March 1985 election, and won the Hayaghat seat in the Bihar Legislative Assembly. Soon after the election, Singh's party merged into the Communist Organisation of India (Marxist–Leninist).
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Nestor Ignat Filotti (2 March 1918 - 29 August 2016) was a Romanian journalist, writer and graphic artist. He was best known for his strong support for Marxist-Leninist ideology in culture.
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The Marxist–Leninist faction, called the "terceristas", split into several groups. The biggest of them went into the Popular Socialist Movement, while the rest went into the Puerto Rican Socialist Party.
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Dal Bahadur Sunar () is a member of the 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly. He won the Banke-4 seat in CA assembly, 2013 from the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist).
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The Marxist-Leninist Communist Party (, abbreviated as MLKP) is an underground Hoxhaist communist party in Turkey. It was founded in 1994, and has been involved in the Rojava conflict since 2012.
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Balbir Prasad Chaudhary () is a member of the 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly. He won the Bara-4 seat in CA assembly, 2013 from the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist).
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See also: Bangladesh Liberation War Toaha along with communists Sukhendu Dastider and Abdul Haq of the East Pakistan Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist) refused to participate in the liberation war for Bangladesh.
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Movement of Young Marxist–Leninists () was a radical Marxist-Leninist group in Senegal, founded by Landing Savané in 1970. MJML was the continuation of Democratic Youth. MJML was short-lived. The brothers Blondin Diop split from it and created the Committee for the Initiative for Permanent Revolutionary Action.
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The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC–EP) is a Marxist–Leninist revolutionary guerrilla organization based in Colombia, which is involved in the ongoing Colombian armed conflict.Latin America by Robert B. Kent (), page 141Organized Crime: From Trafficking to Terrorism by Frank G. Shanty and Patit Paban Mishra (), page 323 FARC–EP is a peasant army which has proclaimed itself as a revolutionary agrarian, anti-imperialist Marxist–Leninist organization of Bolivarian inspiration.Miguel Urbano Rodrigues. April 7, 2004.
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Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist Centre) (, abbreviated नेकपा (मालेमा केन्द्र)) was a communist party in Nepal. It was formed on November 15, 2005 through the merger of the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist- Maoist) and the Nepal Samyabadi Party (Marksbadi-Leninbadi-Maobadi). The party was led by Krishna Das Shrestra (chairman) and Nanda Kumar Prasai (general secretary). CPN (mLM Centre) formed part of the United Left Front and participated in the 2006 Loktantra Andolan.
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1 June 1999, Hamilton Spectator Fields campaigned for the Canadian House of Commons a second time in the 2000 federal election for the Marxist-Leninist party.Eric Mcguinness, Crowded race in the west end, Spectator, 16 November 2000 He received 61 votes. In the 2011 federal election, he also ran for the MLPC in the riding of Hamilton East-Stoney Creek and received 95 votes. Wendell Fields ran in the federal election in 2015 as a Marxist-Leninist candidate.
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The Marxist–Leninist Party of Germany (, MLPD) is an anti-revisionist Marxist–Leninist political party in Germany. It was founded in 1982 by members of the Communist Workers Union of Germany (; KABD). The MLPD advocates for the establishment of a dictatorship of the proletariat, overthrowing current capitalist relations of production and replacing them with a new social order of socialist orientation. It sees this as a transitional stage to the creation of a classless, communist society.
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Papadogiannis, Nikolaos. "From Coherence to Fragments: ‘1968’ and the Making of Youth Politicisation in Greece in the 1970s ", Historein, A Review of the Past and Other Stories, vol. 9, 2009, p. 80 In October 1977, on the eve of the first death anniversary of Mao Zedong, KKE(m-l) co-signed a declaration with the Communist Party of Germany/Marxists–Leninists, Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist), Communist Party of Italy (Marxist–Leninist) and the Portuguese Communist Party (Reconstructed).
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The Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist)'s predecessor organization, the October League (Marxist–Leninist), was founded in 1971 by several local groups, many of which had grown out of the radical student organization Students for a Democratic Society when SDS split apart in 1969. Michael Klonsky, who had been a national leader in SDS in the late 1960s, was the main leader of the CP(M-L).Chronology of Political Events, 1954–1992, Part Four 1975–1980. Max Elbaum.
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'Irish Maoism - Maoism in the Developed World' By Robert Jackson Alexander Initially published by the forerunner to the CPI-ML, Irish Revolutionary Youth and launched in 1969,Communisty Party of Ireland Marxist Leninist www.marxist.org. It was produced irregularly throughout the partys history, sometimes as a weekly, sometimes monthly, it was relaunched in 1982 after two years unpublished on the partys twelfth anniversary. It was replaced in 1984 by The Voice of Revolution itself replaced by Marxist-Leninist Weekly.
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The Communist Party of Nepal Marxist−Leninist (Samajbadi) was a political party in Nepal. The party was founded on August 6, 2010, through a split in the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist). Four of the Constituent Assembly members of CPN (ML) joined the new party; Ganesh Chaudhary, Sharada Nepali, Tilak Bahadur Thapa Magar and Yadu Bansha Jha. The formation of the new party came just hours before the crucial 4th vote on election of Prime Minister.
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The Life of Vinod Mishra The Indian People's Front was launched in a conference organised by the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation which was held in Delhi between 24–26 April 1982. The conference was attended by the splinter factions of the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) led by Nagbhushan Patnaik and Chandra Pulla Reddy. It was intended to project itself as a "national alternative" to the Indira Gandhi led Indian National Congress.Karat, Prakash.
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Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist), a splinter group from the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) formed on March 5, 1998. Sahana Pradhan was the chair of the party and Bam Dev Gautam the general secretary. Within the CPN (UML) a power struggle had taken place after the death of Madan Bhandari. Gautam and Pradhan advocated a tactical alliance with the Rastriya Prajatantra Party, which the CPN (UML) general secretary Madhav Kumar Nepal opposed.
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While many countries with constitutional references to socialism and countries ruled by long-standing socialist movements exist, within Marxist–Leninist theory a socialist state is led by a communist party that has instituted a socialist economy in a given country. It deals with states that define themselves either as a socialist state or as a state led by a governing Marxist–Leninist party in their constitutions. For this reason alone, these states are often called communist states.
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Among the Renewal Party candidates in this election were Elaine Couto and Anna Di Carlo. The Renewal Party appears to have been dissolved after this time, and several Renewal candidates from 1993 later ran as Marxist-Leninist Party candidates. In Ontario, several candidates affiliated with the Marxist-Leninist Party ran for the Ontario Renewal Party in the 1995 provincial election.See Bob Rutter, "NDP incumbent forgotten as Tories attack Liberals," Kitchener-Waterloo Record, 1 June 1995, B4.
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However, the Marxist–Leninist and secular nature of the government as well as its heavy dependence on the Soviet Union made it unpopular with a majority of the Afghan population. Repressions plunged large parts of the country, especially the rural areas, into open revolt against the new Marxist–Leninist government. By spring 1979 unrests had reached 24 out of 28 Afghan provinces including major urban areas. Over half of the Afghan army would either desert or join the insurrection.
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The Slavonic and East European Review, Vol. 85, No. 3 (Jul., 2007), pp. 491-521 A new theology was taught by the church which joined together Marxist–Leninist ideology and Orthodox teachings.
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For the Marxist-Leninist adherent, the 'laws of nature', i.e., dialectical materialism, was the orthodox, mandatory scientism. It dominated the political economy of society through its application, historical materialism.Herbert Marcuse, Soviet Marxism.
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Vinod Mishra (; 24 March 1947 – 18 December 1998) was an Indian communist politician. Mishra served as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation between 1975 and 1998.
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Giovanni Scuderi (born 24 May 1935 in Avola) is an Italian politician and General Secretary of the Italian Marxist–Leninist Party, established by him and others on 10 April 1977 in Florence.
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Ashok Rai () is the senior leader of the Samajbadi Party, Nepal. Previously, he was vice-chairman of Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) and leader of the Federal Socialist Forum, Nepal.
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New York: Africana Pub. Co, 1978. p. 188 On February 26, 1977 Seded, Meison and three other organizations (Ichat, Malerid and Waz League) founded the Union of Ethiopian Marxist-Leninist Organizations.Harjinder Singh.
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However, that unity turned short-lived. Tulsi Lal Amatya broke away from CPN (United) and reconstituted his own party. In 1994 CPN (Amatya) joined the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist- Leninist).
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The Communist Party of Canada - Marxist-Leninist (CPC (M-L)) ran fifty-one candidates in the 1993 federal election, none of whom were elected. Information about these candidates may be found here.
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Surendra Pandey was a member of the 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly. He won the Chitwan-1 seat in 2013 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election from the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist).
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The Communist Party of Canada (Marxist-Leninist) fielded fifty-nine candidates in the 2008 Canadian federal election, none of whom were elected. Information about these candidates may be found on this page.
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The remaining UCCRI(ML) faction, led by Viswam and Madhu, merged into the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Janashakti in 1992. Madhu signed the merger agreement on behalf of UCCRI(ML).
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In October 2014 a broader platform of cooperation between West Bengal left parties emerged, encompassing the ten Left Front parties (CPI(M), CPI, AIFB, RSP, DSP, RCPI, MFB, BBC, Workers Party of India, Bolshevik Party of India) as well as the Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist), the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation, the Provisional Central Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist), the Party of Democratic Socialism, the Communist Party of Bharat and the CRLI.The Gulf Today. Left parties vow joint fight against ‘communalism’Communist Party of India (Marxist). Bengal LF Support to Sept.
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Comrade Thiyagu who was completely impressed by communist ideology realized that Congress is a bourgeois party and it would never allow communism or equal rights. In an interview published in Liberation, the leader of Naxalite movement and the General Secretary of Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist), Charu Mazumdar had said "Students have to quit studies, renounce family, and move to villages to create an armed revolution. Annihilation is our only slogan". The annihilation policy of the Communist party of India(Marxist–Leninist), which rejected by the Communist Party of India and Communist Party of India (Marxist), impressed Comrade Thiyagu.
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The United Left Front was formed in 1990 to protest the Panchayat system and restore multi-party democracy. They organized a joint movement with the Nepali Congress, and King Birendra yielded to their Jana Andolan in November 1990. Two constituents of the United Left Front (the Communist Marxist and Marxist–Leninist parties) merged on January 6, 1991 to form the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) before the 1991 elections, and the United Left Front became inactive. In the 1991 elections, the party won 69 of 205 seats and was the second-largest party in the House of Representatives.
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Khagaraj Adhikari, a member of Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist- Leninist), assumed the post of the Minister of Health and Population of Nepal on 25 February 2014 under Sushil Koirala-led government.
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This caused a split in the Maoist movement, with some following the Albanian Party of Labour's line, most notably the Communist Party of New Zealand and the Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist).
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Hari Parajuli, a member of Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist- Leninist), was the Minister of Agricultural Development of Nepal from 25 February 2014 to 2 July 2015 under Sushil Koirala-led government.
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The Communist Party of Canada (Marxist-Leninist) (CPC-ML) fielded 71 candidates in the 2006 federal election. Some of these candidates have their own biography pages. Information about others may be found here.
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Founded in September 1976, MLCO Proletarian Way traces its roots from the student and workers' movement of May 1968. It absorbed militants from various previously disbanded Marxist–Leninist organisations, such as Gauche prolétarienne.
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Kripasur Sherpa () is a member of the 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly. He won the Bhojpur-1 seat in the 2013 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election for the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist).
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Eastern Catholic victims of Soviet persecutions include bishops and others among the tens of thousands of victims of Soviet persecutions from 1918 to approximately 1980, under the state ideology of Marxist–Leninist atheism.
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The Socialist Revolutionary Workers Party (SRWP) is a communist and Marxist- Leninist party in South Africa. The party was founded in March 2019 after a pre-launch convention at the end of 2018.
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In the local election of 2017, Madan Sundar Shrestha of Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) was elected as mayor, securing 13,960 votes, and Anjana Madhikarmi of Nepali Congress secured 10,678 votes.
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Pavlik Morozov, who denounced his father to the secret police NKVD, was promoted as a great positive example. Teachers in economic and social sciences were particularly responsible for inculcating "unshakable" Marxist–Leninist views.
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Indirect presidential elections were held in Nepal on 28 October 2015. Bidhya Devi Bhandari of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) was elected President, becoming Nepal's first female head of state.
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The Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) was a communist party led by Umadhar Singh, active in the early 1980s. The party was briefly represented in the Bihar Legislative Assembly.
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Whilst in jail, he was associated with the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist). Adhikari would spend 17 years in prison. He was sometimes called the 'Nelson Mandela' of Nepal.Taipei Times - archivesRawal, Bhim.
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A History of Soviet Atheism in Theory, and Practice, and the Believer, vol. 1: A History of Marxist-Leninist Atheism and Soviet Anti-Religious Policies, St Martin's Press, New York (1987) p. 8.
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The Communist Party of Bangladesh (Marxist–Leninist) () is a Maoist political party in Bangladesh led by Badruddin Umar. Umar's BSD (ML) is an underground party and operates through its front Ganotantrik Biplobi Jote.
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Materialism and Empirio- criticism was republished in Russian in 1920 with an introduction attacking Bogdanov by Vladimir Nevsky. It subsequently appeared in over 20 languages and acquired canonical status in Marxist–Leninist philosophy.
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The Bhutan Tiger Force (BTF) is the armed wing of the Bhutan Communist Party (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist) (BCP [MLM]).Simon Denyer Bhutan tolerates democracy but not dissent The Boston Globe. 15 May 2007.
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The party emerged from a split in the erstwhile Communist Party of India (Marxist- Leninist) Red Flag (led by K.N. Ramachandran) in 2003. The Unnichekkan faction opposed the merger of CPI (ML) Red Flag with Kanu Sanyal's Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist). Another issue of disagreement was the question of participation in the World Social Forum, which the Unnichekkan group opposed. The question on the approach to Stalin was another key point of disagreement among the two factions at that time.
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Michael Chant is an English composer and political activist. Born in 1945, he became politically active in the 1960s while associated with another composer, Cornelius Cardew. Chant became a member of the Communist Party of England (Marxist-Leninist) and remains active in the Revolutionary Communist Party of Britain (Marxist-Leninist) and is also an active trade unionist. His musical work has continued to focus on political issues, as did his original work with the Scratch Orchestra, an experimental performing ensemble.
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The split was final when BOm-l reconstituted itself as the Marxist–Leninist Unity League (Marxistisk-Leninistisk Enhedsforbund MLE) in February 1973. MLE and KFML had almost identical programs and both searched recognition by the same foreign parties, such as AKP(ml) (Norway) and KFML (Sweden). MLE published Tjen Folket. MLE declared itself to be "a communist, Marxist-Leninist organization that puts as its goal the armed, socialist revolution and the construction of the dictatorship of the proletariat in Denmark".
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A major section of the Anushilan movement had been attracted to Marxism during the 1930s, many of them studying Marxist–Leninist literature whilst serving long jail sentences. A minority section broke away from the Anushilan movement and joined the Communist Consolidation, and later the Communist Party of India. The majority of the Anushilan Marxists did however, whilst having adopted Marxist–Leninist thinking, feel hesitant over joining the Communist Party. The Anushilanites distrusted the political lines formulated by the Communist International.
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The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) used to be a Marxist–Leninist state. In 1972, the country adopted a new constitution which changed the official state ideology to Juche which is held to be a distinct Korean re-interpretation of the former ideology. Similarly, direct references to communism in the Lao People's Democratic Republic are not included in its founding documents, although it gives direct power to the governing ruling party, the Marxist–Leninist Lao People's Revolutionary Party.
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Jazani in respect to the group's views writes: "The experience of group members in Marxist-Leninist activities previous to joining the group led to it being known as followers of the Marxist-Leninist ideology without any discussion". But they were different from other organizations of their time such as Tudeh, Jebheh Engelabi, etc. in this ideology. What was important for Jazani and his followers was to have an independent understanding of Marxism-Leninism without influence from China and the Soviet Union.
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In most Marxist–Leninist states, this has taken the form of directly electing representatives to fill positions, although in some states such as People's Republic of China, the Republic of Cuba and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia this system also included indirect elections such as deputies being elected by deputies as the next lower level of government. Marxism–Leninism asserts that society is united upon common interests represented through the communist party and other institutions of the Marxist–Leninist state.
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Marxism–Leninism has been widely criticised by both the left and right. Marxist–Leninist history has been especially criticised, including by other socialists such as anarchists, communists, democratic socialists and Marxists. Marxist–Leninist states have been accused of authoritarianism or totalitarianism, mass repressions and killings of political dissidents and social classes (so-called "enemies of the people"), religious persecution, ethnic cleansing, forced collectivisation and use of forced labor and concentration camps. States have been accused of genocidal acts in China, Poland and Ukraine.
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Press conference ahead of the elections 2004 Hyderabad Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) is a communist party in India. The party is one of many working under the name of CPI (ML). The party general secretary was Kanu Sanyal. The name of the party is identical to the original Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) formed in 1969, of which Sanyal was also a key leader, but Sanyal has stated that his party is not the same as this party .
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Chilean Communist Party (Proletarian Action) (in Spanish: Partido Comunista Chileno (Acción Proletaria) PC(AP)) is a non-registered anti-revisionist Marxist-leninist political party of Chile, founded in 1979 originating from the pro-Albanian tradition. It has presented independent candidates on legislative elections. The first secretary of PC(AP) is Eduardo Artés. PC(AP) is a member of the International Conference of Marxist-Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle) (ICMLPO) and the International Coordination of Revolutionary Parties and Organizations (ICOR).
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A major section of the Anushilan movement had been attracted to Marxism during the 1930s, many of them studying Marxist–Leninist literature whilst serving long jail sentences. A minority section broke away from the Anushilan movement and joined the Communist Consolidation, and later the Communist Party of India. The majority of the Anushilan Marxists did however, whilst having adopted Marxist–Leninist thinking, feel hesitant over joining the Communist Party.Saha, Murari Mohan (ed.), Documents of the Revolutionary Socialist Party: Volume One 1938–1947.
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The Communist Party USA (Marxist–Leninist) was a small Maoist political party founded in the United States in 1965 by members of the Communist Party USA around Michael Laski, who took the side of China in the Sino-Soviet split. General Secretary Laski was expelled after gambling away nearly all of the party's funds in Nevada in an attempt to raise more funds.Central Committee Expels M. I. Laski from Communist Party U. S. A. (Marxist-Leninist) After the expulsion, two groups existed with the name Communist Party USA (Marxist–Leninist), one led by Arnold Hoffman, which continued to publish People's Voice; and one led by Laski, which started a new paper, The New Worker. In 1969, the Laski group merged with the Proletarian Revolutionary Party led by Jonathan Leake.
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Brar joined the Maoist Revolutionary Marxist-Leninist League but soon left to become a founder member of a small group, the Association of Communist Workers, as well as being a member of the Association of Indian Communists. He and his comrades officially dissolved the ACW in 1997 to join Arthur Scargill's Socialist Labour Party, a breakaway from the Labour Party after its abandonment of the original version of Clause IV. Brar and his comrades worked to bring what they described as an Anti-Revisionist Marxist- Leninist programme to the SLP, but were eventually expelled seven years later. Scargill expelled the entire Yorkshire Regional Committee and five members of the National Executive Committee. From this, in July 2004, the Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist-Leninist) was formed, and Brar was elected as its chairman.
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Kathmandu: Pairavi Prakashan. Chart nr. 1. Madhav Kumar Nepal was the leader of the group. In 1975 the group took part in the foundation of the All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist-Leninist).
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Page 94. Michael Geyer argued that it portrayed the Marxist-Leninist interpretation of German history, explaining the great events of the 20th century in this fashion.Michael Geyer. The power of intellectuals in contemporary Germany.
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Raj Bahadur Budha () is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist). In the 2008 Constituent Assembly election he was elected from the Dailekh-2 constituency, winning 16292 votes.
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There are a large number of smaller Marxist parties, including the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist), Marxist Communist Party of India, Marxist Coordination Committee in Jharkhand, Forward Bloc in Bengal, Janathipathiya Samrakshana Samithy, Communist Marxist Party and BTR-EMS-AKG Janakeeya Vedi in Kerala, Mazdoor Mukti (Workers' Emancipation) and Party of Democratic Socialism in West Bengal, Janganotantrik Morcha in Tripura, the Ram Pasla group in Punjab, and the Orissa Communist Party in Orissa. CPI(M) in Tamil Nadu The Communist Party of India (Maoist) is a Maoist communist party in India which aims to overthrow the government of India through people's war. It was founded on 21 September 2004, through the merger of the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's War (People's War Group), and the Maoist Communist Centre of India (MCCI). The merger was announced on 14 October the same year.
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A former Gustian, turned Marxist-Leninist doctrinaire, Constantinescu had assigned himself the task of selectively reconsidering "reactionary" sociology.Bosomitu, pp. 170–171, 185–187, 194–195 Constantinescu maintained contacts with Herseni, Stahl, Vlădescu-Răcoasa and Teodor Bugnariu, and prepared himself for the revival of the sociological school, with inputs from Marxist sociology.Bosomitu, pp.
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Democratic National Conference is a splinter group of the Jammu & Kashmir National Conference. It was formed by Ghulam Muhammad Sadiq in 1957. DNC later joined the Communist Party of India, then Communist Party of India (Marxist) and then Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist). The group was led by Ram Piara Saraf.
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Mahendra Bahadur Pandey, a politburo member of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist), assumed the post of the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Nepal on 25 February 2014 under Sushil Koirala-led government.
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Although restrictions on religion in Cuba were minimal compared to other communist nations like the Soviet Union or China, the large atheist population was most likely caused by the communist atmosphere of Marxist-Leninist atheism.
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Eliyathamby Ratnasabapathy (November 3, 1938 – December 12, 2006) was one of the founder member of the Eelam Revolutionary Organization of Students a Tamil militant group from Sri Lanka and a noted Marxist-Leninist political leader.
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Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) New Initiative was a political party India. It merged with CPI (ML) Janashakti COC to form CPI (ML) Unity Initiative. CPI (ML) New Initiative was led by Arvind Sinha.
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It did not conduct any military activity. In 1977 Liga ML took part in the Committee for Unity, together with other revolutionary forces. In 1982 it merged into the New Revolutionary Unification Movement - Marxist-Leninist.
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Farabundo Martí Agustín Farabundo Martí Rodríguez (; May 5, 1893 – February 1, 1932), popularly known as Farabundo Martí, was a Marxist-Leninist activist and a revolutionary leader in El Salvador during the 1932 Salvadoran peasant massacre.
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UCCRI(ML) had as its ambition to unite all communist revolutionary forces, including people within the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (CPI(ML)) fold. UCCRI(ML) started publishing the SPARK as its central organ.
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The Organisation of Marxist–Leninists of Greece (), known by its Greek acronym OMLE (ΟΜΛΕ), was the original Greek Mao Zedong Thought movement, which split from the Communist Party of Greece in 1964, opposing Soviet revisionism. OMLE emerged from the merger of exiled Greek communist in the former USSR and the other Eastern bloc countries with a Greek communist group which was publishing the magazine Anagenisi (, 'Renaissance'). After Mao Zedong's death, in 1976, OMLE came into a major crisis and split in two major parties: Communist Party of Greece (Marxist-Leninist) and the Marxist-Leninist Communist Party of Greece, the latter party following the Three Worlds Theory.
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The Communist Party of India (Maoist) is a Marxist–Leninist–Maoist political party which aims to overthrow the government of India. It was founded on 21 September 2004 through the merger of the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's War and the Maoist Communist Centre of India. The merger was announced to the public on 14 October the same year. In the merger, a provisional central committee was constituted, with the erstwhile people's war leader Muppala Lakshmana Rao (alias Ganapathi) as the general secretary.
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Typical front cover of The Worker from the 1970s The Communist Party of Britain (Marxist–Leninist), often abbreviated as CPB-ML, is a British Marxist- Leninist political party. It originated in 1968 as an anti-revisionist split from the Communist Party of Great Britain and was chaired by Reg Birch until 1985. The official programme of the party since 1972 has been The British Working Class and its Party. The publication of the CPB-ML was originally known as The Worker, but is today called Workers.
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The Workers' Communist Party () was a Canadian Marxist–Leninist political party, founded in 1975 under the name Communist (Marxist–Leninist) League of Canada (Ligue communiste (marxiste-léniniste) du Canada). The party followed a Maoist political program and was part of the broader New Left movement. For several years it published a weekly newspaper, The Forge (La Forge). The party was strongest in Quebec, but alienated many of Quebec's young progressives because it declined to support independence for Quebec, although it did support Quebec's right to self-determination.
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Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Shantipal is an underground political party in India. The Shanti Pal group emerged as through a split in the North Bengal-Bihar Regional Committee of the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist), being the pro-Lin Biao faction. The leader of the faction, Shanti Pal, had been a school teacher in Phansidewa who became a key CPI(ML) leader. After forming his own faction Pal remained loyal to the line of the CPI(ML) leader Charu Majumdar.
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With the Soviet Union collapsing, Gorbachev prepared the country to become a loose federation of independent states called the Commonwealth of Independent States. Hardline Marxist–Leninist leaders in the military reacted to Gorbachev's policies with the August Coup of 1991 in which hardline Marxist–Leninist military leaders overthrew Gorbachev and seized control of the government. This regime only lasted briefly as widespread popular opposition erupted in street protests and refused to submit. Gorbachev was restored to power, but the various Soviet republics were now set for independence.
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Pons, p. 526. Anti-communist and right-wing critics especially emphasise that Marxist–Leninist regimes have carried out mass repressions and killings of political dissidents and social classes (so-called "enemies of the people")Pons, pp. 307–310. such as the Red Terror and Great Purge in the Soviet Union and the Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries in China. In addition, Marxist–Leninist states have been responsible for mass religious persecution (such as in the Soviet Union and in China), ethnic cleansingTooley, T. Hunt; Várdy, Steven, eds. (2003).
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Levitas remained an ardent Marxist-Leninist and a supporter of the Soviet Union, remaining a Communist Party member. This was tested by the invasion of Czechoslovakia to put down the Prague Spring of 1968. He emigrated to the Marxist-Leninist controlled regime of East Germany in 1985 to work as an English teacher, authoring a work praising Erich Honecker. He attended the commemoration of the Connolly Column in 1991 in Liberty Hall, Dublin, where he was chosen to read out the list of members.
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The All India secretary of the party is COM.Misro The party conducts armed struggle through dalams. Police sources has claimed that CPI (ML) Janashakti has 200 to 300 armed cadres.keralanext.com One break-away group is Communist Party of United States of India (also referred to as the Janashakti Veeranna faction). Another faction, the South Regional Provincial Committee, merged with Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) (Chandra Pulla Reddy) on 11 April 2004, thus forming the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Janashakti (Chandra Pulla Reddy).
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Purusottam Poudel, a member of Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist- Leninist), assumed the post of the Minister of Youth and Sports of Nepal on 25 February 2014 under Sushil Koirala-led government. He is also a member of the 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly. He won the Bara-6 seat in 2013 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election from the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist). He was very active leader since from his childhood during while he used to study in gaurishankar school nijgadh bara .
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In late 1918, the Czech-Austrian Marxist Karl Kautsky authored an anti-Leninist pamphlet condemning the anti-democratic nature of Soviet Russia, to which Lenin published a vociferous reply. German Marxist Rosa Luxemburg echoed Kautsky's views, while the Russian anarchist Peter Kropotkin described the Bolshevik seizure of power as "the burial of the Russian Revolution".
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Kathmandu: Pairavi Prakashan. Chart nr. 1. In 1986 the group merged into the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist). Singh would however break away from CPN(ML) soon thereafter, and form the Nepal Anti-Imperialist Front.
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Republican Popular Unity (, UPR) was a Spanish electoral candidacy formed to contest the 1986 general election by the Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l)) and Republican Convention of the Peoples of Spain (CRPE).
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The O., short for "the Organization", also known as the C.O. or Cooperative Organization, was a Maoist or Marxist-Leninist political group that grew out of the Minneapolis-Saint Paul food cooperative movement in the 1970s.
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Transaction Publishers. p. 75. This caused issues between anarchists and anarcho-capitalists, whose understanding of socialism is that of the 20th century Marxist–Leninist states, with capitalism meaning the free market rather than actually existing capitalism.
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Bezbozhnik, published by the League of Militant Atheists, depicting an Orthodox Christian priest being forbidden to take home a tree for the celebration of Christmastide, which was banned under the Marxist-Leninist doctrine of state atheism.
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The Communist Movement in Nepal: Origin and Development. Kathmandu: Accham-Kathmandu Contact Forum, 2007. p. 93, 97. After being released from jail, Adhikari became an advisory-member of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist).
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Dimitry V. Pospielovsky. A History of Soviet Atheism in Theory, and Practice, and the Believer, vol 1: A History of Marxist-Leninist Atheism and Soviet Anti-Religious Policies, St Martin's Press, New York (1987) p. 68.
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Balram Prasad Baskota is a Nepalese communist politician and member of the National Assembly. In 2018 he was elected in Bagmati Pradesh for the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) with a two-year term.
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Damodar Bhandari () is a member of 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly. He won Baitadi-1 seat in CA assembly, 2013 from Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist). He was also Minister of State for Finance, 2016.
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Domenico Losurdo (14 November 1941 – 28 June 2018) was an Italian Marxist–Leninist philosopher better known for his Neo-Stalinist critique of anti-communism, colonialism, imperialism, the European tradition of liberalism and the concept of totalitarianism.
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Until 1958, SKU and DU existed as parallel organisations. In 1958, the two organisations merged and took the name DU. In 1967, ultra-left elements took over the organisation, and broke away to form Marxist-leninistiska kampförbundet (Marxist–Leninist Struggle League). Reconstruction work started rapidly. In 1970, the organisation was re-baptised as Kommunistisk Ungdom (Communist Youth).
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He joined Cercle Marxiste ("Marxist Circle"), a Marxist–Leninist organisation which was created by Pol Pot and other two comrades. In late December 1955, he returned to Cambodia, and was appointed deputy manager of "operations" of the royal railways. In June 1963 he left for France for health reasons. After the 1970 coup, Thiounn Prasith joined GRUNK in Beijing.
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Largely speculated to step down from all positions by international media, his rival Li Ruihuan's resignation in 2002 prompted analysts to rethink Jiang. The theory of Three Represents was believed by many political analysts to be Jiang's effort at extending his vision to Marxist–Leninist principles, and therefore elevating himself alongside previous Chinese Marxist philosophers Mao and Deng.
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In Marxist–Leninist theory under Joseph Stalin, the theory of two stages gained a revival. More recently, the South African Communist Party and the Socialist Alliance have re-elaborated the two-stage theory, although the Socialist Alliance differentiates their position from the Stalinist one.Lorimer, Doug. "In Defence of Lenin's Marxist Policy of a Two-Stage, Uninterrupted Revolution".
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Bains was also responsible for the founding of the Hindustani Ghadar Party (Organisation of Indian Marxist–Leninists Abroad). He held a leading influence in the Marxist–Leninist Party, USA in the 1970s, although it later split from the CPC (ML) and dissolved in 1993. Left publications such as Modern Communism have written articles on this legacy.
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This reform had a particular salience on Soviet ideology. In Marxist-Leninist doctrine, cooperative ownership of property was considered a "lower" form of public ownership than state ownership. Khrushchev's proposal to expand cooperative ownership ran contrary to the Marxist theory as interpreted by Stalin. Suslov, who supported Stalin's economic policy, regarded Khrushchev's proposal as unacceptable on ideological grounds.
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On 26 April 1964, Tanzania became a socialist state inspired by the Marxist–Leninist model and guided by Julius Nyerere's conception of African socialism. In 1992, Tanzania introduced a multi-party system within a liberal democratic framework.
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The Indian Communist Party was a small communist group in India, led by U. Krishnappa from Karnataka. In May 1985 ICP merged into the Communist Organisation of India (Marxist-Leninist).Singh, Prakash. The Naxalite Movement in India.
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Collectives of Communist Youth (Spanish: Colectivos de Jóvenes Comunistas, CJC) is a Marxist-Leninist Spanish youth organization affiliated to the Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE). They have been publishing A Red Ink since 2007.
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The Portuguese Communist Party (, , PCP) is a major political party in Portugal. It is a Marxist–Leninist party, and its organization is based upon democratic centralism. The party also considers itself patriotic and internationalist.Portuguese Communist Party (2005).
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Amarjeet Kushwaha (alternatively Amarjit Kushwaha) is an Indian activist, lawyer and politician. He is a leader in the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation. He was the national president of the Revolutionary Youth Association in India.
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Kaushalya Devi, the mother of Chandrashekhar has also donated a piece of land near the memorial to the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation for the construction of a school and a library in his honor.
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To a Soviet consumer, a luxury item was any good with the exception of plain breads, cabbage, potatoes and vodka. By granting all citizens access to a larger variety of consumer goods, views of consumer goods shifted from representative of the elite, and therefore despised, to being desired by all citizens. This shift in opinion and perception fit into the main Marxist-Leninist goal of empowering the proletariat. The Soviet government looked to teach Soviet citizens about Marxist-Leninist ideology along with table manners and discerning taste in food and material goods.
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Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist (New Build-Up Organization) (, TKP/ML (YİÖ)) was a clandestine communist party in Turkey formed in 1978 following a split in the Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist – Hareketi (TKP/ML-Hareketi). Initially, the party was known as TKP/ML-Popular Unity (TKP/ML-Halkın Birliği). TKP/ML (YİÖ) accused the TKP/ML-Hareketi leadership of rightist deviations and neglecting the need for armed struggle.Taken from an article by Garbis Altınoğlu ; accessed on 17 September 2010 TKP/ML (YİÖ) upheld the political line of the Albanian Party of Labour.
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The Group of Popular Combatants (, GCP)Also known as the Popular Combatants Group (PCG) is a far-left insurgent movement active in the Republic of Ecuador. It is the armed wing of the Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Ecuador (, PCMLE), a party formed in 1964 as a split from the Communist Party of Ecuador and internationally affiliated with the International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle). The party belongs to an anti-revisionist tradition of Marxism–Leninism, one originally aligned with Albania during the Cold War and frequently referred to as Hoxhaism.
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Marxist–Leninist Organization of Afghanistan (,MLOA) is a Maoist political group in Afghanistan about which very little is known. Its origins and founders are uncertain as was first mentioned when it took part in the International Conference of Marxist-Leninist Parties and Organizations (International Newsletter) (ICMLPO). Since references to the group are only found in the ICMLPO newsletter, some suspect that it may be an alias for an exiled or underground party that the Afghan authorities consider to be banned. As of 2020, this is the extent of knowledge about the group.
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In doing so, it refers to the theory and practice of Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin and Mao Zedong. It rejects the terms "Stalinism" and "Maoism" as anti-communist fighting terms that divide the Marxist–Leninist movement. Whilst criticizing particular aspects of the political works of StalinMLPD homepage (German) and Mao,MLPD homepage (German) MLPD openly defends those works, standing in contrast to most left-wing groups in Germany. It participates in the International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (ICMLPO) and the International Coordination of Revolutionary Parties and Organizations (ICOR).
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Neozapatismo is generally held to be based to some extent on anarchism, Mayan tradition, Marxism,"The Zapatista Effect: Information Communication Technology Activism and Marginalized Communities " the thoughts of Emiliano Zapata, and the thoughts of Subcomandante Insurgente Galeano. Neozapatismo appears to have been influenced by libertarian socialism, libertarian Marxism (including autonomism), social anarchism, anarcho-communism, anarcho-collectivism, anarcho-syndicalism, communalism, direct democracy, and radical democracy. Subcomandante Marcos has offered some clues as to the origins of neozapatismo. For example, he states: > Zapatismo was not Marxist-Leninist, but it was also Marxist-Leninist.
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When the Andhra Pradesh Committee of Communist Revolutionaries was expelled from the All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries in 1968, Appalasuri remained with the AICCCR led by Charu Majumdar. In 1969 Appalasuri was one of four Central Committee members of the new Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) from Andhra Pradesh. Appalasuri became a leading figure in the Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist), which was formed in 1972 by some elements of the erstwhile CPI(ML).Singh, Prakash, The Naxalite Movement in India.
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The Socialist Party was founded in October 1971 as a Maoist party named the Communist Party of the Netherlands/Marxist–Leninist (KPN/ML). This KPN/ML was formed following a split from the Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands (Marxist–Leninist). The issue that provoked the split from KEN(ml) was an intense debate on the role of intellectuals in the class struggle. The founders of KPN/ML, with Daan Monjé in a prominent role, belonged to the proletarian wing of the KEN(ml), who did not want an organisation dominated by students and intellectuals.
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According to Chandler, Sâr and Sary worked for the party during its successful election campaign; conversely, Short maintains that Sâr had no contact with the party. Sihanouk opposed the party's left-leaning reforms and in 1948 dissolved the National Assembly, instead ruling by decree. Operatives of Ho Chi Minh's better established Vietnamese Marxist–Leninist group, the Việt Minh, also established a nascent Marxist–Leninist movement, but it was beset by ethnic tensions between the Khmer and Vietnamese. News of the group was censored from the press and it is unlikely Sâr was aware of it.
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CRC, CPI (ML) is also the group from which Communist Party of India (Marxist- Leninist) Red Flag broke away, after the Red Flag split in 1987 there was not much left of the CRC, CPI (ML). Rauf was the leader of the small Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Red Flag unit in Andhra Pradesh. Large parts of the leadership of Rauf's faction were killed in police raids in the 1980s, and the group never recovered. Rauf had been pushing for an ultraleft line within Red Flag, and in 2000 he split.
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The Communist Party of India (Maoist) was founded on 21 September 2004, through the merger of the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's War (People's War Group), and the Maoist Communist Centre of India (MCCI). The merger was announced on 14 October the same year. In the merger a provisional central committee was constituted, with the erstwhile People's War Group leader Muppala Lakshmana Rao, alias "Ganapathi", as general secretary. Further, on May Day 2014, the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Naxalbari merged into the CPI (Maoist).
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Gorbachev addressing the United Nations General Assembly in December 1988. During the speech he dramatically announced deep unilateral cuts in Soviet military forces in Eastern Europe. In February 1990, both liberalisers and Marxist-Leninist hardliners intensified their attacks on Gorbachev. A liberalizer march took part in Moscow criticizing Communist Party rule, while at a Central Committee meeting, the hardliner Vladimir Brovikov accused Gorbachev of reducing the country to "anarchy" and "ruin" and of pursuing Western approval at the expense of the Soviet Union and the Marxist- Leninist cause.
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Francisco Martins Rodrigues in 2006. Francisco Martins Rodrigues (1927, Moura - April 22, 2008) was a Portuguese anti-Fascist resistant and the founder of the Portuguese Marxist-Leninist Committee in 1964, which was one of the country's first major Marxist-Leninist organizations. Rodrigues was imprisoned numerous times by the PIDE, including a long prison term between 1965 and the Carnation Revolution in April 1974. He was also member of the Portuguese Communist Party until 1963, which he left because of disagreements about the pro-soviet views of the Party.
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The People's Revolutionary Front (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist) (Spanish: Frente Revolucionario del Pueblo (Marxista–Leninista–Maoísta)) is a Bolivian communist party of the Marxist–Leninist–Maoist orientation. They are ideologically close to the Communist Party of Peru, commonly known as the "Shining Path". They are opposed to the Evo Morales government"The Evo Morales government and the future of Bolivia" and aspire to conduct what they deem as "People's War" in their homeland, similar to the conflicts in India, Peru, the Philippines and formerly Nepal. They are closely aligned to the Revolutionary Internationalist Movement.
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The Red Women's Detachment was a New York City based communist women's organization made up of working class women and women on welfare. The Red Women's Detachment was a part of the Marxist–Leninist Party with a theoretical basis in Mao Tse-tung Thought (also known as Mao Zedung Thought or Maoism). In their own words, "The force at the core leading our cause forward is the Marxist-Leninist Party." Marxism–Leninism is a communist ideology founded on the works and ideas of Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin.
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Popular Action Movement - Marxist–Leninist () is a Hoxhaist communist party in Nicaragua that surged out of a split from the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) in the early 1970s. Since 1985 it is officially named the Marxist–Leninist Party of Nicaragua (Partido Marxista-Leninista de Nicaragua), but the original name MAP-ML is far more known and has been used when participating in elections. The party was founded in 1967 by pro-Chinese members of the Nicaraguan Socialist Party. When Albania broke with China, the MAP-ML followed Albania.
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His most significant friendships in the country were with Ieng Sary, who had joined him there, Thiounn Mumm and Keng Vannsak. He was a member of Vannsak's discussion circle, whose ideologically diverse membership discussed ways to achieve Cambodian independence. In Paris, Ieng Sary and two others established the Cercle Marxiste ("Marxist Circle"), a Marxist–Leninist organisation arranged in a clandestine cell system. The cells met to read Marxist texts and hold self-criticism sessions.
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Dialectical Materialism and Historical Materialism is a Chinese textbook of Marxist–Leninist and Maoist philosophy, written and edited by Ai Siqi in 1961. It was the standard textbook on Marxist philosophy in China until 1978. In 1961, Ai Siqi was appointed to edit the textbook "Dialectical Materialism Historical Materialism". The book was considered the main summation of Mao Zedong's philosophical thoughts, and paid close attention to the connection between Marxist philosophy and Chinese traditional philosophy.
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Raghuji Pant () is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist). He was previously working as a journalist.NT PEPC 78#.p65 He is now head of the Publicity Department of CPN(UML).eKantipur.
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The following are Marxist–Leninist groups that are or historically were considered to be anti-revisionist, i.e. groups that uphold the opinion that the Soviet Union diverged from socialist practice in 1956 under the leadership of Nikita Khrushchev.
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The paper's main goal was to promote Marxist–Leninist philosophy and expose the lies of the bourgeoisie. In 1975, the paper reached a circulation of 10.6 million. It's currently owned by the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.
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Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Somnath was formed when Somnath Chatterjee Ukhra and Pradip Banerjee revolted against the party during 2006 West Bengal legislative election. The party is a naxal organization influenced by Marxism, Leninism, and Maoism.
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Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) (Liberation) leader Satyadeo Ram was elected to the Bihar Legislative Assembly from Darauli (Vidhan Sabha constituency), by defeating Ramayan Manjhi (BJP), a two time MLA, by a margin of about 10,000 votes.
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The Communist Party of Italy (Marxist–Leninist) (Partito Comunista d'Italia (marxista-leninista), PCd'I (m-l)) was a political party in Italy. It was at one time Italy's largest Maoist group, until it changed affiliation and sided with Albania.
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Soviet historians believed that Marxist–Leninist theory permitted the application of categories of dialectical and historical materialism in the study of historical events. Marx and Engels' ideas of the importance of class struggle in history, the destiny of the working class, and the role of the dictatorship of the proletariat and the revolutionary party are of major importance in Marxist methodology. Marxist–Leninist historiography has several aspects. It explains the social basis of historical knowledge, determines the social functions of historical knowledge and the means by which these functions are carried out, and emphasizes the need to study concepts in connection with the social and political life of the period in which these concepts were developed.
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CPI (ML) Red Flag published Red Star (English), Iykya Horatta (Kannada) and Saghavu (Malayalam). Ahead of the Lok Sabha elections in 2004 CPI(ML) Red Flag and CPI (ML) took the initiative to form a united front of revolutionary communists. In that front they were able to gather, more than CPI (ML) and CPI (ML) Red Flag, Centre of Communist Revolutionaries (West Bengal), Lal Nishan Party (Leninvadi), Marxist Communist Party of India, Marxist-Leninist Committee, New Socialist Movement, Gujarat, Provisional Central Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) and Bhagat Singh Vichar Manch. In Kerala a Left Front was formed ahead of the elections together with BTR-EMS-AKG Janakeeya Samskarika Vedi of V.B. Cheriyan.
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Ulaş Bardakçı was born in 1947 in Hacıbektaş, Turkey. He attended METU in where he was introduced to communist ideas. He followed a Marxist-Leninist path. He was active in the formation of the revolutionary youth organization Dev-Genç.
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The history of the FLQ is sometimes described as a series of "waves". The ideology was based on an extreme form of Quebec nationalism that denounced Anglo exploitation and control of Quebec, combined with Marxist–Leninist ideas and arguments.
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The Marxist–Leninist Party of Austria (, MLPÖ) was founded in 1967 by members and activists of Marxists-Leninists of Austria. The central organ Rote Fahne ('Red Flag') was founded in 1963 by Franz Strobl the later chairman of MLPÖ.
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Internationally, it participates in the International Conference of Marxist-Leninist Parties and Organizations, an international network of Communist parties that uphold the line of Enver Hoxha and the Albanian Party of Labour. As such, it is staunchly anti-revisionist.
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The Labour Party of Iran (; translit.: ) is a Hoxhaist Communist party whose leadership is exiled in Germany. It is against the Iranian government and is a member of the International Conference of Marxist-Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle).
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Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna is a Marxist-Leninist, communist party, which was involved in two armed uprisings against the ruling governments in 1971 (SLFP) and 1987–89 (UNP). After the two unsuccessful insurrections the JVP entered democratic politics in 1994.
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Socialist German Workers Youth (, abbreviated SDAJ) is a political youth organization in Germany. It is a Marxist–Leninist organization and related to the Deutsche Kommunistische Partei (German Communist Party). SDAJ is a member of World Federation of Democratic Youth.
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Marxist-Leninist system had several positive aspects. Armenia benefited from the Soviet economy, especially when it was at its apex. Provincial villages gradually became towns and towns gradually became cities. Peace between Armenia and Azerbaijan was reached, albeit temporarily.
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He remained a committed Marxist–Leninist. Blake denied being a traitor, insisting that he had never felt British: "To betray, you first have to belong. I never belonged". Five years later, Blake remained committed to Russia and to communism.
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Marxist–Leninist Front of the Peoples of Spain (in Spanish: Frente Marxista- Leninista de los Pueblos de España), a political party in Spain. FMLPE is listed at the election authorities. It is unclear whether the party is still active.
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After his break with Maoism in the 1976–1978 period, numerous Maoist parties around the world declared themselves Hoxhaist. The International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle) is the best-known association of these parties today.
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The party was formed in 2006 through the merger of Communist Party of Denmark (Marxist-Leninist) (DKP/ML) and Communist Unification (KS)., The party publishes Dagbladet Arbejderen (The Daily Worker), a daily newspaper.Henrik Søndergaard and Rasmus Helles. (October 2010).
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Fearing it may never be seen otherwise, Klein showed the film at the 1968 Avignon Festival. Marxist-Leninist groups criticized the political caricatures of Red China Man and other characters.Smith, Alison. French Cinema in the 1970s: Echoes of May.
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Guerrilla Girl is a documentary film directed by Frank Piasechi Poulsen. It tells the story of a young girl named Isabel, who enters the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, the largest Marxist–Leninist revolutionary guerrilla organization in South America.
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Asociación Obrera Asambleista (Assemblyist Workers Association, abbreviated AOA) was a trade union movement in Spain. AOA was linked to the Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) and the Revolutionary Antifascist Patriotic Front.Brugos Salas, Valentín. La izquierda revolucionaria en Asturias.
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Communist symbols along with the Marxist-Leninist and communist ideologies are banned in Iran since 1949 and again in the early 1980s following the Iranian Revolution. This included the Tudeh Party of Iran and the People's Mojahedin of Iran.
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East Pakistan Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist), a communist party in the erstwhile East Pakistan. The party emerged in 1966, after a split in the Communist Party of East Pakistan. Sukhendu Dastidar became the general secretary of EPCP(M-L).
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Hugo Chavez casting a vote in 2007 At the turn of the 21st century, China, Cuba, Laos, North Korea and Vietnam remained the only officially Marxist–Leninist states remaining, although a Maoist government led by Prachanda was elected into power in Nepal in 2008 following a long guerrilla struggle. The early 21st century also saw the election of socialist governments in several Latin American nations, in what has come to be known as the "pink tide". Dominated by the Venezuelan government of Hugo Chávez, this trend also saw the election of Evo Morales in Bolivia, Rafael Correa in Ecuador and Daniel Ortega in Nicaragua. Forging political and economic alliances through international organisations like the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas, these socialist governments allied themselves with Marxist–Leninist Cuba and although none of them espoused a Leninist path directly, most admitted to being significantly influenced by Marxist theory.
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League of Dutch Marxist–Leninists () was a communist organisation in the Netherlands. By the time of the 21st party congress of the Communist Party of the Netherlands in 1964 two pro-China fractions existed inside the party. One was the Marxist-Leninist Centre in Rotterdam. The other was a group based in Amsterdam which published the periodical Rode Vlag (Red Flag).
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Marxist Internet Archive. Retrieved March 16, 2010. While some of these young activists were drawn to the Progressive Labor Party (PLP), the full flowering of American Maoism would not come until the proliferation of new groups such as the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), Weather Underground (WUO), Black Panthers (BPP) and the Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist) (CP-ML) after 1969.
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It fielded 30 candidates, out of whom two were elected. The party received a total of 91,335 votes, or 1.25%. Ahead of the 1992 elections to local bodies, the NWPP formed an electoral coalition with the Samyukta Janamorcha Nepal, Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist), Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist), and Nepal Communist League.Hoftun, Martin, William Raeper and John Whelpton.
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They did not speak of the destruction of capitalism, but sought to win the support of the masses and by a gradual transformation of the bureaucracies. In 1978, Spain's PCE replaced the historic "Marxist–Leninist" catchphrase with the new slogan of "Marxist, democratic and revolutionary". The movement faded in the 1980s and collapsed with the fall of communism in Eastern Europe in 1989.
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Committee for the Initiative for Permanent Revolutionary Action (in French: Comité d'Initiative pour une Action Révolutionnaire Permanente) was a radical Marxist-Leninist group in Senegal. CIARP was founded by the Blondin Diop brothers following a split in the Movement of Young Marxist-Leninists. CIARP was dismantled by Senegalese police in July 1971. Omar Blondin Diop was sentenced to three years imprisonment.
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The Canadian Party of Labour was a Marxist-Leninist political party in Canada.The Marxist side of the mail dispute, Richard Furness, The Globe and Mail (Toronto, Dec. 14, 1977), p.1 The CPL was not an electoral party, as such, but a revolutionary party attempting to assemble a mass movement of workers and affiliated organizations who could lead a Communist revolution.
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His project was not accepted by most of the PRD, most of whose members were turning in a more mainstream social democratic direction. Also, given the military repression, and lack of political equality between the PRD and the official Reformist Party, Bosch abstained from the 1970 elections. Bosch became studious of marxist ideology. He will describe himself as a "marxist- non leninist".
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Radha Gyawali, a member of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist- Leninist), assumed the post of the Minister of Energy on 25 February 2014 under Sushil Koirala-led government. She also became the Energy minister under Baburam Bhattarai-led government.
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He also served as the Member Secretary of Social Welfare Council in 1995. Apart from his cabinet responsibility, he holds the post of the Chief of Education and Human Resource Department of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist).
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The Union of Revolutionary Workers of Austria (Marxist–Leninist) () was a communist group in Austria. It was founded on June 22, 1968, created through a split of the MLPÖ.Alexander, Robert J.. Maoism in the developed world. Westport: Praeger, 2001. p.
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Domestic terrorist groups present in Ecuador include the Popular Combatants Group (PCG), the Revolutionary Militia of the People, the Marxist-Leninist Party of Ecuador, and the Alfarista Liberation Army."Chapter 2: Country Reports, Western Hemisphere Review. 2009 Incidents." US State Department.
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Revolutionary Communist Organisation, Nepal () was a communist faction in Nepal. The group operated in the Bagmati, Janakpur and Koshi zones. The group publish Vargyuddha (Class War). In April 1980, the group merged into the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist).
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In the 1970s he joined the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación "Farabundo Martí" (FPL), one of the five left- wing organizations, all of differing Marxist–Leninist tendencies, that later merged to form the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN).
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The Revolutionary Communist Party of France (French: Parti communiste révolutionnaire de France, abbreviated PCRF) is a Marxist-Leninist communist party founded in 2016. It was the result of a merger of Intervention Communiste and the Union Révolutionaire Communistes de France (URCF).
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Nepal Revolutionary Organisation (Marxist–Leninist) () was a communist organisation in Morang, Nepal. The group emerged around 1973, and was one of several local radical communist factions that surged in this period in Nepal.Rawal, Bhim Bahadur. Nepalma samyabadi andolan: udbhab ra vikas.
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The last hour is about the 40 years after that. In the first two hours, Castro regularly distances himself from Communism and Communists, but after the take-over, the film suggests that Castro had always aspired a Marxist-Leninist State.
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Richta - J. Filipec). # (1974) Člověk - věda - technika. K marxisticko - leninské analýze VTR Kolektivní práce pod vedením B. M. Kedrova, R. Richty, S. P. Odujeva ("Man-science-technology. The Marxist- Leninist analysis of STR"; Collective work under leadership of Kedrov, Richta, Odujev.
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The key functions of the institute was to conduct studies on party history and publish Marxist–Leninist literature in Estonian language. The institute maintained the party archives. The institute published serials on party history in Estonian, Russian, German and English languages.
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MSzMP LogoThe Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (Magyar Szocialista Munkáspárt in Hungarian) (MSZMP) is a small Marxist–Leninist party in Hungary, formed after a split in the Workers' Party in 1993 with the leadership of László Fazekas, Elemér Csaba and Tamás Hirschler.
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XHKS poster The SRSP was in theory a Marxist–Leninist party, but also included Islamic socialism, scientific socialism, Somali nationalism and pan-Somalism teachings in its ideology. It was dissolved when Mohamed Siad Bare was ejected from power in late 1991.
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Haricharan Shiwakoti (Nepali: हरीचरण शिवाकोटी) is a Nepalese communist politician and member of the National Assembly. In 2018 he was elected unopposed in Province No. 1 for the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) with a two-year term.
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Youlou United Liberation Movement (YULIMO) was a Marxist-Leninist political movement in Saint Vincent that emerged in the 1970s. YULIMO was later disbanded, and absorbed into the Movement for National Unity.Mars, Perry. Ideology and change : the transformation of the Caribbean left.
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Opposition to Leninism alongside another varieties of socialism and communism, is still practiced by those that oppose any form of Marxist teachings. There also remains strong opposition to Leninist teachings from anarchist movements, specifically the idea of a revolutionary vanguard.
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Raj Kumar Yadav is an Indian politician. He was elected from Dhanwar constituency as a member of Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation in 2014. Yadav also contested the 2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election but lost to Babulal Marandi.
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ACA has been described as Marxist–Leninist by the newspaper amambay ahora, but political analyst Horacio Galeano Perrone pointed out that the group lacked the ideological foundation of the EPP, and was instead mainly focused "principios de combate" (combat principles).
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Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. p. 322 The Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist- Leninist) had been formed by some elements of the erstwhile CPI(ML).Singh, Prakash, The Naxalite Movement in India. New Delhi: Rupa & Co., 1999, , p.
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In 1977, the group was renamed the Revolutionary Marxist-Leninist Communist League, and it attempted to apply the Three Worlds Theory by working to build anti-Soviet movements in Britain. This did not prove successful, and the group dissolved in 1980.
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Communist Party of the Canary Islands (provisional) (, PCC(p)), later Party of the Canarian Revolution (), PRC) was a Marxist-Leninist and Canarian nationalist political party operating in the Canary Islands. The party aim was self-determination for the islands and socialism.
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In the legislative elections of 1995, PCB got one MP elected. In the 1996 presidential elections, PCB candidate Pascal Fantodji got 17,977 votes (1.08%). In 1998, Magloire Yansunnu was expelled. In 1999, Yansunnu formed the Marxist-Leninist Communist Party of Benin.
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Albania also became an independent Marxist–Leninist state after World War II. Communism was seen as a rival of and a threat to western capitalism for most of the 20th century.Georgakas, Dan. 1992. "The Hollywood Blacklist." Encyclopedia of the American Left.
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The late 1980s and early 1990s saw the collapse of most of those socialist states that had professed a Marxist–Leninist ideology. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the emergence of the New Right and neoliberal capitalism as the dominant ideological trends in Western politics—championed by American President Ronald Reagan and British prime minister Margaret Thatcher—led the west to take a more aggressive stand towards the Soviet Union and its Leninist allies. Meanwhile, the reformist Mikhael Gorbachev became Premier of the Soviet Union in March 1985 and sought to abandon Leninist models of development towards social democracy. Ultimately, Gorbachev's reforms, coupled with rising levels of popular ethnic nationalism in the Soviet Union, led to the state's dissolution in late 1991 into a series of constituent nations, all of which abandoned Marxist–Leninist models for socialism, with most converting to capitalist economies.
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The Communist Party () is a Marxist–Leninist political party in Sweden started in 1970. From 1970 to 1977, it was known as Kommunistiska Förbundet Marxist- Leninisterna (revolutionärerna), abbreviated KFML(r) (The Communist League Marxist–Leninists (the revolutionaries) and from 1977 to 2004 it was named Kommunistiska Partiet Marxist-Leninisterna (revolutionärerna), abbreviated KPML(r) (The Communist Party Marxist–Leninists (the revolutionaries). At the 14th Party Congress held in Gothenburg in January 2005, it was decided to change the name to Kommunistiska Partiet (K). KFML(r) was founded in 1970 by a splinter group from the pro-Chinese KFML, which in turn had split from the Eurocommunist Left Party in 1967.
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In 1966, he and fellow Kerry Republican John Joe Sheehy were expelled from Sinn Féin, as were many others, by the new Marxist-Leninist party leadership that had recently come into power. This move both foreshadowed and fuelled the split in 1969/1970 of both the IRA and Sinn Féin, which led to the creation of the Marxist-Leninist Official IRA and the more traditional but still left-wing Provisional IRA, and in parallel Sinn Féin - The Workers' Party and "Provisional" Sinn Féin. Rice gave his support to the Provisionals. He died on 1 July 1970.
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Roter Morgen, newspaper of the Communist Party of Germany/Marxist–Leninist, announces the formation of the party in 1968. The Communist Party of Germany/Marxist–Leninist (German: Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands/Marxisten-Leninisten, KPD/ML), established on December 31, 1968, was an anti-revisionist pro-China party in West Germany that was later supportive of communist leader of Albania Enver Hoxha after the Sino-Albanian Split. The KPD/ML was formed by former Communist Party of Germany (KPD) official Ernst Aust, who subsequently became the party's chairman, on New Year's Eve 1968 as a split from the KPD. Its periodical was Roter Morgen.
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Mohammad Shahabuddin (born 10 May 1967) is an Indian politician. He is a former Member of Parliament from the Siwan constituency in the state of Bihar, and a former member of the National Executive Committee of the Rashtriya Janata Dal. He was disqualified from contesting elections following his conviction for the kidnapping and disappearance of Chote Lal Gupta, an activist of the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation for which he currently serving a life sentence. Shahabuddin has also been accused of killing 15 other Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation activist including the former student leader Chandrashekhar Prasad.
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Txikia was the right-hand man of Juan Jose Etxabe, the leader of ETA's Military Front during the 1960s. After an organizational assembly in September 1970 concluded with ETA officially branding itself as Marxist-Leninist, the Military Front of ETA refused to accept the policy changes, forming a splinter group called ETA-V (while the Marxist-Leninist ETA would become known as ETA-VI). ETA-VI initially enjoyed substantially more popular support, and in 1971 the dispirited Juan Jose Etxabe stepped down as leader of ETA-V to retire from armed struggle. With Etxabe gone, Eustakio 'Txikia' Mendizabal took charge of ETA-V.
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The Revolutionary Communist Party (Portuguese: Partido Comunista Revolucionário) is a communist and anti-revisionist Marxist-Leninist political party in Brazil with strong Stalinist and far-left tendencies. Originally formed in 1966 after a split with the Communist Party of Brazil, it later merged with the October 8th Revolutionary Movement in 1981, from which it split in 1995. It is a member of the International Conference of Marxist- Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle) (ICMLPO), an organization of anti-revisionist and Hoxhaist parties. As the party is not registered in Brazil's Superior Electoral Court, its members cannot run for public office.
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The failure of these governments to live up to the ideal of a communist society as well as their general trend towards increasing authoritarianism has been linked to the decline of communism in the late 20th century. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, several Marxist–Leninist states repudiated or abolished the ideology altogether. By the 21st century, only a small number of Marxist–Leninist states remained, namely Cuba, Vietnam and Laos. Despite retaining a nominal commitment to communism, China has essentially ceased to be governed by the principles of Maoism, reverting to an authoritarian regime with a mixed economy.
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In the subsequent decades, there emerged an increased skepticism of dogmatic import of foreign ideas and strategies, and an appreciation for the development of an original path to socialism in Nepal, particularly designed to be suited to the Nepali reality. A faction led by Madhav Kumar Nepal as well as another faction led by Madan Bhandari had merged with All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist–Leninist) by 1977, which launched Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist), popularly known as Male, in 1978.Rawal, Bhim Bahadur. Nepalma samyabadi andolan: udbhab ra vikas. Kathmandu: Pairavi Prakashan. p. 83-84.
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Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) (abbreviated COC, CPI(ML)) was a communist party in India, one of the main splinter factions of the original Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist). COC, CPI(ML) occupied a middle position between the pro-Charu Majumdar group led by Mahadev Mukherjee and the anti-Majumdar group led by Satyanarayan Singh. Failing to articulate a common ideological position, COC, CPI(ML) soon suffered internal divisions and splits. Two of the splinter groups of COC, CPI(ML) in Andhra Pradesh are predecessors of the present-day Communist Party of India (Maoist).
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Cook, Chris, ed. (1998). Dictionary of Historical Terms (2nd ed.). pp. 88–89. Both Bolivia, Canada and Uruguay faced Marxist–Leninist revolution in the 1960s and 1970s. In Bolivia, this included Che Guevara as a leader until being killed there by government forces. In 1970, the October Crisis (5 October – 28 December 1970) occurred in Canada, a brief revolution in the province of Quebec, where the actions of the Marxist–Leninist and separatist Quebec Liberation Front (FLQ) featured the kidnap of James Cross, the British Trade Commissioner in Canada; and the killing of Pierre Laporte, the Quebec government minister.
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The Soviet Union and the United States under President George H. W. Bush joined in pushing for the dismantlement of apartheid and oversaw the dismantlement of South African colonial rule over Namibia. The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 Meanwhile, the eastern European Marxist–Leninist states politically deteriorated in response to the success of the Polish Solidarity movement and the possibility of Gorbachev-style political liberalisation. In 1989, revolts began across Eastern Europe and China against Marxist–Leninist regimes. In China, the government refused to negotiate with student protestors, resulting in the Tiananmen Square attacks that stopped the revolts by force.
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In response to Mao's apparently unorthodox deviations, Enver Hoxha, head of the Albanian Labor Party, theorised anti-revisionist Marxism–Leninism, referred to as Hoxhaism, which retained orthodox Marxism–Leninism when compared to the ideology of the post-Stalin Soviet Union. In North Korea, Marxism–Leninism was officially superseded by Juche in 1977. However, the government is still sometimes referred to as Marxist–Leninist, or more commonly as a Stalinist, due to its political and economic structure. Juche has been described as a version of Korean ethnic ultranationalism which eventually developed after losing its original Marxist–Leninist elements.
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Apart from the parties listed above, the Communist Party of Greece called for the use of a write-in ballot option, "even if they say that it is a spoiled ballot". The Communist Party of Greece (Marxist-Leninist) and the Marxist-Leninist Communist Party of Greece ran a joint campaign for a boycott of the vote.M-L KKE. Πραγματοποιήθηκε, στην Αθήνα, η συγκέντρωση του ΚΚΕ (μ-λ) και του Μ-Λ ΚΚΕ The Organization for the Reconstruction of the Communist Party of Greece also called for a boycott of the vote, calling it a 'fascist farce'.OAKKE.
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In late 1932, he joined Padmore in Germany. Before the end of the year, the duo relocated to Moscow, where Kenyatta studied at the Communist University of the Toilers of the East. There he was taught arithmetic, geography, natural science, and political economy, as well as Marxist-Leninist doctrine and the history of the Marxist-Leninist movement. Many Africans and members of the African diaspora were attracted to the institution because it offered free education and the opportunity to study in an environment where they were treated with dignity, free from the institutionalised racism present in the U.S. and British Empire.
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On September 30, 1994, following the 1994 parliamentary election, the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) formed a minority government led by Man Mohan Adhikari. Despite the Nepali Congress securing more votes in the popular vote than the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist), the latter secured 88 seats to the former's 83. Neither party was successful in forming a coalition to hold a majority of the 205 seats. After failed coalition negotiations, however, Adhikari became Prime Minister of a minority government, acquiring the support of the Rastriya Prajatantra Party and the Nepal Sadbhawana Party.
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PCC, CPI(ML) gives the advice to their followers to vote for parties like CPI(M) or even the Indian National Congress in constituencies were no revolutionary communist candidate is available. Ahead of the 2004 Lok Sabha elections the party participated in the united front of revolutionary communists initiated by Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Red Flag and Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist). In the Bodo-dominated areas in Assam, the party works through a mass organization called United Reservation Movement Council of Assam. PCC, CPI(ML) and URMCA are opponents of the Bodo nationalist movements.
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The secretary of the Communist Party of Italy (Marxist–Leninist) was Fosco Dinucci. Only the persons who showed to know the thought of Marx, Lenin, Stalin and Mao and who actively devoted himself to the cause of the Proletarian Revolution, could join the party. The Communist Party of Italy (Marxist–Leninist) declared its opposition to the parliamentary bourgeois democracy. For the revolutionary activists of the PCd'I (m-l), the only way was the Revolution, the dictatorship of the proletariat, to realize also in Italy the communism through the nationalization of the means of production and of exchange, the economy of state planned.
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Shankharapur is a municipality in Kathmandu District in Bagmati Pradesh of Nepal that was established on 2 December 2014 by merging the former Village development committees Bajrayogini, Indrayani, Lapsiphedi, Naglebhare, Pukhulachhi and Suntol. The office of the municipality is that of the former Pukhulachhi village development committee in the old Newari town of Sankhu. In the Local Level Election 2074, Suwarna Shrestha of Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) was elected as mayor securing 4,833 votes and Sukralaxmi Shrestha of Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) was elected as Deputy Mayor securing 4,501 votes.
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Left communists represent a range of political movements distinct from Marxist–Leninists, whom they largely view as merely the left-wing of capital; from anarcho-communists, some of whom they consider to be internationalist socialists; and from various other revolutionary socialist tendencies such as De Leonists, whom they tend to see as being internationalist socialists only in limited instances. Bordigism is a Leninist left-communist current named after Amadeo Bordiga, who did consider himself a Leninist and has been described as being "more Leninist than Lenin".Piccone, Paul (1983). Italian Marxism.
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A communist state, in popular usage, is a state with a form of government that is characterized by the one-party rule or dominant-party rule of a communist party and a professed allegiance to a Leninist or Marxist–Leninist communist ideology as the guiding principle of the state. The founder and primary theorist of Marxism, the 19th-century German thinker Karl Marx, had an ambivalent attitude toward religion, which he primarily viewed as "the opium of the people" that had been used by the ruling classes to give the working classes false hope for millennia, whilst at the same time he recognized it as a form of protest by the working classes against their poor economic conditions. In the Marxist–Leninist interpretation of Marxist theory, developed primarily by Russian revolutionary Vladimir Lenin, atheism emanates from its dialectical materialism and tries to explain and criticize religion. Lenin states: Although Marx and Lenin were both atheists, several religious communist groups exist, including Christian communists.
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Janak Kumari Chalise () is a Nepalese politician of Lalitpur district, a member of the Central Committee of Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist) and the All Nepal Progressive Women’s Association. After the 2008 Constituent Assembly election she became a Constituent Assembly member.
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This led to a split and the formation of the Burkinabé Communist Group. PCRV publishes Bug-Parga. During the Cold War, PCRV was pro-Albanian. PCRV is an active participant in the International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle).
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Dilip Barua (born 28 February 1949) is a Bangladeshi politician. He is the general secretary of the Bangladesher Samyabadi Dal (Marksbadi-Leninbadi) ('Communist Party of Bangladesh (Marxist–Leninist)'). In January 2009, Barua was named Minister of Industries in the cabinet of Sheikh Hasina.
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Barre Sangarsh Samuha ( "Barre Struggle Group") was a communist faction in Barre, Nepal. The group emerged in the early 1980s, after breaking off from the Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal). It subsequently merged into the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist).
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Dil Kumari Rawal Thapa (Nepali: दिल कुमारी रावल थापा) is a Nepalese communist politician and member of the National Assembly. In 2018 she was elected in Bagmati Pradesh for the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) with a six-year term.
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The group increasingly moved from Maoism to anti-revisionism, and in 1997 they officially dissolved the ACW and joined the Socialist Labour Party (SLP). When many of them left the SLP in 2004, they founded the Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist-Leninist).
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Unity for Change () is a Chilean political coalition of left-wing and center- left parties with a Marxist-Leninist, progressive, ecologist and regionalist ideology. The political alliance was created after the victory of the conservative coalition Chile Vamos in the 2017 general election.
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Red Fly the Banners, O, or Trotsky's Lament is a British and Irish folk song expressing (often tongue-in-cheek) Marxist-Leninist political views. It is based on, and sung to the tune of, the traditional English ballad Green Grow the Rushes, O.
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The Democratic Workers Party was a United States Marxist-Leninist party based in California headed by former professor Marlene Dixon, lasting from 1974–1987. It has been seen as an example of a political cult with Dixon serving as its charismatic leader.
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Set Persson died on 15 July 1960. SKA withered away after his death. When the Marxist-Leninist Struggle League (MLK) emerged inte 1970s, they named their bookstores after Persson. Set Persson bookstores were set up in Stockholm, Gothenburg, Trollhättan, Sundsvall and Kiruna.
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Benzekri was a former member of the Marxist–Leninist group Ila al-Amam which had been outlawed by the state. In addition to the seventeen commissioners, there was a paid staff of one hundred people, mostly working in the investigations and reparations divisions.
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In 2005 CPN(MLM) merged with a splinter group, Nepal Samyabadi Party (Marksbadi- Leninbadi-Maobadi) of Nanda Kumar Prasai, and formed the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Centre). In 2009, CPN(MLM) merged with the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist).
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Sam Ballan (1911 – February 1, 1998), known by his pen name Sam Marcy, was an American Marxist-Leninist of the post-World War II era. He co-founded the Workers World Party in 1959 and served as its chairperson until his death.
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In 1982 M. Appalasuri's COC, CPI(ML) faction merged with Bhowani Roy Chowdhury's West Bengal-based CPI(ML) Unity Organisation, forming the Communist Party of India (Marxist- Leninist) Party Unity.Singh, Prakash, The Naxalite Movement in India. New Delhi: Rupa & Co., 1999, , p. 129.
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New-Democratic Marxist-Leninist Party ( ) is a political party in Sri Lanka. The party surged in 1978 following a split in the Ceylon Communist Party (Maoist). Initially the party just called itself 'Ceylon Communist Party (Left)'. The Founding General Secretary was K.A. Subramaniam.
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In his critical analysis of states run under Marxist–Leninist ideology, Michael Ellman notes that such states compared favorably with Western states in some health indicators such as infant mortality and life expectancy.Ellman, Michael (2014). Socialist Planning. Cambridge University Press. p. 372. .
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PCMLE publishes En Marcha, and is an active participant in the International Conference of Marxist-Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle). In 1978 PCMLE founded the electoral wing Democratic People's Movement (MPD). The Workers' Party of Ecuador is a split from PCMLE.
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Parshuram Megi Gurung (Nepali: परशु राम मेघी गुरुङ) is a Nepalese communist politician and member of the National Assembly. In 2018 he was elected unopposed in Province No. 1 for the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) with a four-year term.
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Aagam Prasad Bantawa Rai (Nepali: अगम प्रसाद वान्तवा राई) is a Nepalese communist politician and member of the National Assembly. In 2018 he was elected in Province No. 1 for the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) with a four-year term.
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El Pueblo ('The People') was a revolutionary newspaper published in Nicaragua. El Pueblo was the organ of Frente Obrero ('Workers Front'), the trade union wing of the Marxist–Leninist Popular Action Movement (MAP-ML).Wolf, Ulrike. Soziopolitische Konflikte in Nicaragua 1979-1982.
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Satyanarayan Singh (, commonly known as SNSLahiri, Asisha. Naxalbari and after: a Frontier anthology, Vol. 2. Kathashilpa, 1978.) was an Indian communist politician. Singh was one of the early leaders of the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist), being its secretary in Bihar.
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As a Marxist–Leninist party, the Communist Party of China (CPC) is theoretically committed to female equality. This was at odds with traditional Chinese culture, which the Kuomintang had largely upheld. After 1949, the CPC outlawed concubinage, and allowed women's right to divorce.
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Bidhya Devi Bhandari was born on 19 June 1961, in Mane Bhanjyang of Bhojpur, to Ram Bahadur Pandey and Mithila Pandey. Her political career began from a leftist student union and she joined the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) in 1980.
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Red Sea Press (1995) pp. 17 Google Books Mengistu Haile Mariam, who declared a republic and ruled Ethiopia with Marxist–Leninist ideology, is also said to be the son of a former slave.John Lamberton Harper The Cold War. OUP Oxford (2011) pp.
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Interfront was a pro-communist political movement that aimed to preserve the Soviet Union as a unified Marxist–Leninist state and strongly opposed the pro- independence movements in the republics. It had branches in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Ukraine and other union republics.
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Two other candidates stood. The far right National Front stood John Harrison-Broadley, a former Royal Air Force Squadron LeaderNational Front candidate Sqn. - Ldr. John Harrison-Broadley and bobsleigh champion, while the Maoist Communist Party of England (Marxist-Leninist) stood Carole Reakes.
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7, July 1941. Other groups to split from the RWL included the Leninist League, led by George Marlen, a second Marxist Workers League led by Karl Mienov, a group headed by David Atkins that merged into the Bordigists, and the Revolutionary Communist Vanguard.
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It is the belief of Marxist–Leninists that all national constitutions do this to ensure that countries can strengthen and enforce their own class system. In this instance, it means that Marxist–Leninists conceive of constitutions as a tool to defend the socialist nature of the state and attack its enemies. This contrasts with the liberal conception of constitutionalism that "law, rather than men, is supreme". Unlike the fixed nature of liberal democratic constitutions, a Marxist–Leninist constitution is ever-changing.
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Ambartsumian accepted and followed Marxist-Leninist philosophy and staunchly promoted dialectical materialism and projected it on his astrophysical interpretations. Helge Kragh described Ambartsumian as a "convinced Marxist." He wrote on Marxism–Leninism and dialectical materialism in 1959: Dialectical materialism influenced Ambartsumian's cosmological views and ideas. According to Loren Graham, "perhaps no great Soviet scientist has made more outspoken statements in favor of dialectical materialism" than Ambartsumian.
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Following his graduation, Chávez was stationed as a communications officer at a counterinsurgency unit in Barinas,Marcano and Tyszka 2007. p. 38. although the Marxist–Leninist insurgency which the army was sent to combat had already been eradicated from that state.Jones 2007. pp. 57–59. At one point he found a stash of Marxist literature that apparently had belonged to insurgents many years before.
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Marxist–Leninist ethics is dialectical, i.e. it maintains that like morality as a whole, each of its manifestations, each standard, and virtue, is in perpetual motion, emerging, developing, disappearing, passing from one qualitative state to another. Torn out of the concrete historical process, morality in general simply does not exist. Each type of morality is socially and historically conditioned—this is the fundamental tenet of Marxist ethics.
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Naxalism Today; At an Ideological Deadend. The Marxist, Volume: 3, No. 1, January- March 1985 In the beginning, the front was projected as a united front of different revolutionary groups but most other factions dropped out during its formation and it effectively became a mass organisation of the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation.Omvedt, Gail. Reinventing Revolution: New Social Movements and the Socialist Tradition in India.
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Griffith; 1971), p. 56. Johnson said 'Guo stressed that from a Marxist–Leninist perspective the notion of "not fighting and subduing the enemy"'—the core of the conventional interpretation of Sun Zi—was un-Marxist, since class enemies could not be credibly defeated without the application of violence.' Around June 4, 1937, Guo was the dean of studies of Qingyang Infantry School.Schram (1997), p. 675.
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A communist state, also known as a Marxist–Leninist state, is a state that is administered and governed by a single communist party guided by Marxism–Leninism. Marxism–Leninism was the state ideology of the Soviet Union, the Comintern after Bolshevization and the communist states within the Comecon, the Eastern Bloc and the Warsaw Pact.Bottomore, T. B. (1991). A Dictionary of Marxist Thought. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 54.
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Shiv Kumar Mishra (1916 - December 12, 2007) was born in Unnao, lived in Kanpur, and led the Uttar Pradesh State Committee of Communist Party of India (Marxist) as a member of its Central Committee at the time of the outbreak of the Naxalite movement. Thereafter he sided with Charu Majumdar and played a prominent role in the formation of the Communist Party of India (Marxist- Leninist).
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Pp. 133. Socialist patriotism promotes people living within Marxist-Leninist countries to adopt a "boundless love for the socialist homeland, a commitment to the revolutionary transformation of society [and] the cause of communism".Stephen White. Russia's new politics: the management of a postcommunist society.
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In spring 1989 first the MLLT and then the TPLF held a congress. Abbay was elected Chairman of both but towards the end of 1989 Meles became the chairman of both organizations. In May 1989 the EPDM established the Ethiopian Marxist-Leninist Force (EMLF).
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The Party of Labour of Austria (, PdA) is a communist political party in Austria. PdA was founded on 12 October 2013 by the Communist Initiative, a Marxist-Leninist breakaway faction of the Communist Party of Austria (KPÖ), who were dissatisfied with the party's ideological orientation.
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When the ANCRCC(ML) founded the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist) in 1978, M.K. Nepal was elected a politburo member of the new party. Prime Minister Madhav Kumar Nepal delivering a speech at the Army Stadium (Tundikhel) on the occasion of Democracy Day.
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Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan, known as Kürdistan Devrim Partisi in Turkish and Partiya Şoreşa Kurdistan (PŞK) in Kurdish is an illegal political party active in Turkey. The aim of the party is to create an independent state for Kurdish people based on Marxist-Leninist principles.
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The Lebanese Armed Revolutionary Factions – LARF ( Al Fasael al-Musallaha al- Thawriyya al-Lubnaniyya) or Fractions armées révolutionnaires libanaises – FARL in French, was a small Marxist-Leninist urban guerrilla group which played an active role in the Lebanese Civil War between 1979 and 1988.
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People's Liberation Party-Front of Turkey/Revolutionary Coordination Union (, or THKP-C/DKB) was a short-lived revolutionary Marxist-Leninist organization in Turkey. The party was formed in the end of 1979, following a split from the People's Liberation Party-Front of Turkey/Revolutionary Action.
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Revolutionary Communist Party of Turkey-Socialist Unity (in Turkish: Türkiye Devrimci Komünist Partisi-Sosyalist Birlik) was a clandestine Marxist-Leninist political party in Turkey. It was founded in 1987, following a split from the Revolutionary Communist Party of Turkey (TDKP). It was dissolved in 1990.
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The Marxist-Leninist Party of the Netherlands was a fake pro-China communist party in the Netherlands set up by the Dutch secret services, the BVD, to develop contacts with the Chinese government for espionage purposes. It existed from 1968 to the early 1990s.
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Transmedia Publishing Ltd., 2011. p. 21. Abdullah Öcalan, who is the leader of the Kurdistan Workers' Party, founded this ideology while in prison. While originally a Marxist–Leninist organization, the organization modified their views as Öcalan began corresponding with Murray Bookchin and incorporating his ideology.
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The Bharatiya Janata Party and Jharkhand Mukti Morcha have been the most dominant parties in the state since its formation. Other major parties include Indian National Congress, Rashtriya Janata Dal, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation, Janata Dal (United) and All Jharkhand Students Union.
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Dimitry V. Pospielovsky. A History of Soviet Atheism in Theory, and Practice, and the Believer, vol 1: A History of Marxist-Leninist Atheism and Soviet Anti- Religious Policies, St Martin's Press, New York (1987) pg 37Sabrina Petra Ramet, Ed., Religious Policy in the Soviet Union.
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The Akali Singh was opposed to the KDS, which had a more militant attitude towards the Khalistan question. Around 1975 a Marxist–Leninist Sikh group purchased the Desh Baghat Mandir centre on Main Street after a failed attempt to seize control of other gurdwaras.
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Marxist–Leninist Communist Organisation of Réunion' () was a Maoist-oriented communist organisation in Réunion. OCMLR was founded in 1975, by a group that had left the Reunionese Communist Party. OCMLR strongly advocated independence for Réunion. OCMLR was the predecessor of the Reunionese Independence Movement (MIR).
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During its existence, the academy offered studies and classes to more than 25,000 students. Among them were more than 1,200 students from socialist countries that had friendly ties with the GDR. Studies offered were Marxist-Leninist throughout. Numerous publications, both scientific and propagandist, were released.
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Ananta Prasad Paudel () (born 28 July 1962) is a member of 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly. He won Makwanpur-3 seat in CA assembly, 2013 with 14267 votes. He also served as a Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) district secretary from 1997 to 2002.
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The Connolly Youth Movement (CYM) () is an all-Ireland Marxist-Leninist youth organisation, affiliated to but operationally independent of the Communist Party of Ireland. Internationally, it is affiliated to the World Federation of Democratic Youth. It takes its name from the revolutionary socialist James Connolly.
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The Ethiopian Marxist–Leninist Revolutionary Organization, commonly known by its Amharic acronyms Malered or Emelared, was a communist organization in Ethiopia active from 1974 to the late 1970s.Holcomb, Bonnie K., and Sisai Ibssa. The Invention of Ethiopia. Trenton, NJ: Red Sea Press, 1990. p.
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The ETPRP's goal was to initiate a second "Revolution of the Three Districts" to establish an independent Marxist-Leninist Uyghur state in the Xinjiang region, with help from the Soviet Union. Support from the Soviets increased during the Sino-Soviet split and subsequent border dispute.
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A Marxist–Leninist state called the People's Republic of Benin existed between 1975 and 1990. In 1991, it was replaced by the current multi-party Republic of Benin.Ibp Usa. Global Logistics Assessments Reports Handbook: Strategic Transportation and Customs Information for Selected Countries, p. 85.
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Binda Pandey (Born December 30, 1966) is a Nepalese politician who was a member of the 1st Nepalese Constituent Assembly representing the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist). She was Deputy General Secretary of General Federation of Nepalese Trade Unions (GEFONT) in 2004–08.
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Man Mohan Adhikari (Magi) ( 9 June 1920 - 26 April 1999) was the 31st Prime Minister of Nepal from 1994 to 1995, representing the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist). He was the first democratically elected Communist Party member to be Prime Minister in Nepal.
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Ajit Roy, 1974. p. 330 His party would be known as the Provisional Central Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist), and would reject Majumdar's annihilation line.Karat, Prakash. Naxalism today Singh's CPI(ML) supported the anti- Emergency struggle launched by Jayaprakash Narayan in 1974.
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Carrillo's policies were aimed at strengthening the party's position among the working class and intellectual groups , and survived opposition from Marxist-Leninist, Stalinist and social democratic factions. In 1968, when the Soviets and Warsaw Pact countries invaded Czechoslovakia, Carrillo distanced the party from Moscow.
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The Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) (abbreviated CPN (UML); ) was one of the two major communist parties in Nepal from 1991 to 2018. The party was formed in January 1991 with the unification of the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) and the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist). The CPN (UML) led four governments: from 1994 to 1995 under Man Mohan Adhikari, from 2009 to 2011 under Madhav Kumar Nepal, in 2011 under Jhala Nath Khanal, and from 2015 to 2016 under KP Sharma Oli. The party was also a junior partner in five coalition governments: in 1997 under Lokendra Bahadur Chand, from 1998 to 1999 under Girija Prasad Koirala, from 2008 to 2009 under Pushpa Kamal Dahal, from 2011 to 2013 under Baburam Bhattarai, and from 2014 to 2015 under Sushil Koirala.
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The leading political parties, Nepali Congress, Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) and Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist-Leninist) engaged in discussions regarding who would be the new President. The Nepali Congress wanted Prime Minister and interim Head of State Girija Prasad Koirala while the Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist- Leninist) wanted its former Secretary-General Madhav Kumar Nepal as President. However, the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) wants an independent figure as President rather than party figures such as Koirala or Nepal. The Maoists won the most seats in the CA however needs to form a coalition government with the other parties.
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Castro (far left), Che Guevara (center), and other leading revolutionaries, marching through the streets in protest at the La Coubre explosion, 5 March 1960. By 1960, the Cold War raged between two superpowers: the United States, a capitalist liberal democracy, and the Soviet Union (USSR), a Marxist-Leninist socialist state ruled by the Communist Party. Expressing contempt for the U.S., Castro shared the ideological views of the USSR, establishing relations with several Marxist- Leninist states.; . Meeting with Soviet First Deputy Premier Anastas Mikoyan, Castro agreed to provide the USSR with sugar, fruit, fibers, and hides, in return for crude oil, fertilizers, industrial goods, and a $100 million loan.
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In 2003, after further organizational problems and ideological disagreements, a large section of the Communist Mazdoor Kissan Party separated and reformed the Major Ishaque MKP group, whereas a group led by Sufi Abdul Khaliq Baloch and Taimur Rahman remained aligned with CMKP and its Marxist–Leninist program. In late 2009, CMKP faced yet another split when several long-time members, including Sufi Abdul Khaliq Baloch, separated from the party and joined the Workers Party of Pakistan, a broad-left political party. CMKP continued as a distinct Marxist–Leninist-Stalinist Party. Taimur Rahman, the former General Secretary of the CMKP, stopped working with and being a part of CMKP.
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Communist Unity (Marxist–Leninist) (Icelandic: Einingarsamtök kommúnista (marx-lenínistar)) was an Icelandic Maoist Party formed in the late 1973, mainly by Icelandic student who had studied in Norway. The party viciously opposed what it deemed as Soviet social-imperialism as well as American imperialism, opposed other Icelandic communist parties which it found to be revisionist and held a staunchly pro-China line, until the Sino-Albanian split, when it sided with Albania. The party's chairman was Ari Trausti Guðmundsson. In 1979 the party was integrated into the Communist Union (Kommúnistasamtökin) together with the other Icelandic Maoist party, the Communist Party of Iceland (Marxist–Leninist) (Kommúnistaflokkur Íslands (m-l).
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After Majumdar's death the CPI (ML) central committee split into pro- and anti-Majumdar factions. In December 1972 the Central Committee of the pro-Charu Majumdar CPI (ML) led by Sharma and Mahadev Mukherjee adopted resolution to follow the line of Charu Majumdar unconditionally which others did not agree to. The pro-Charu Majumdar CPI (ML) later split into pro- and anti-Lin Biao factions. The pro-Lin Biao faction became known as Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) (Mahadev Mukherjee) and the anti-Lin Biao- group later became known as Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation and was led by Jauhar, Vinod Mishra, Swadesh Bhattacharya.
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Communist Platform (Italian: Piattaforma Comunista) is an Italian Hoxhaist Marxist–Leninist organization founded in February 2008 as a merger of the editorial board of Teoria & Prassi and members of the Lenin Club. The main task of Communist Platform is the theoretical and political struggle for the formation of a communist party as a working class independent and revolutionary party based on the principle of Marxism–Leninism and Hoxhaism. Communist Platform official organs are the theoretical review "Teoria & Prassi" (Theory and Practice), the political journal Scintilla (Spark) and its web site. Communist Platform of Italy is a member of the International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle).
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Several months after the Cercle Marxiste's formation, Sâr and Sary joined the French Communist Party (CFP). Sâr attended party meetings, including those of its Cambodian group, and read its magazine, Les Cahiers Internationaux. The Marxist–Leninist movement was then in a strong position globally; the Communist Party of China had recently come to power under Mao Zedong and the French Communist Party was one of the country's largest, attracting the votes of around 25% of the French electorate. In Paris, Pol Pot was inspired by the writings of Mao Zedong and Joseph Stalin (pictured together in 1949) on how to conduct a revolution and build a Marxist–Leninist-governed state.
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In the Philippines, the Maoist-oriented Communist Party of the Philippines and its armed wing, the New People's Army, have been waging armed revolution against the existing Philippine government since 1968 and are still participating in a low-scale guerrilla insurgency. In Africa, several Marxist–Leninist states reformed themselves and maintained power. In South Africa, the South African Communist Party is a member of the Tripartite alliance alongside the African National Congress and the Congress of South African Trade Unions. The Economic Freedom Fighters is a pan-African, Marxist–Leninist party founded in 2013 by expelled former president of the African National Congress Youth League Julius Malema and his allies.
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The Marxist–Leninist state provides for the national welfare with universal healthcare, free public education (academic, technical and professional) and the social benefits (childcare and continuing education) necessary to increase the productivity of the workers and the socialist economy to develop a communist society. As part of the planned economy, the Marxist–Leninist state is meant to develop the proletariat's universal education (academic and technical) and their class consciousness (political education) to facilitate their contextual understanding of the historical development of communism as presented in Marx's theory of history.Pons, p. 580. Marxism–Leninism supports the emancipation of women and ending the exploitation of women.
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The society is based on individual membership but political groups such as the Revolutionary Communist Party of Britain (Marxist–Leninist), and the Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist–Leninist) are notably prominent within it. Many have pointed to a considerable overlap of membership with Arthur Scargill's Socialist Labour Party, including Scargill himself.Andy McSmith and Severin Carrell, "Stalin apologists drink to the memory of Uncle Joe", The Independent, 2 March 2003 The Stalin Society's chair, Harpal Brar, for instance, was at one time a member of both organisations (although he subsequently left the SLP to head the CPGB-ML). Through Brar, the society was also linked to the Association of Communist Workers.
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The Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist) (CPC (ML)) is a Canadian federal political party founded by Hardial Bains in 1970. The CPC (ML) has been registered with Elections Canada as the Marxist–Leninist Party of Canada since 1974 as the party is prohibited from using the Communist Party name in Canadian elections to avoid confusion among voters. The party developed separately and independently from the Communist Party of Canada (CPC) with its origins among students and intellectuals in Canada during the 1960s. After a period of alignment with Maoism and China, the CPC (ML) pursued a pro-Albanian line until the early 1990s.
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The League of Revolutionary Struggle (Marxist-Leninist) was a Marxist- Leninist[1] movement in the United States formed in 1978 by merging communist organizations. It was dissolved by the organization's leadership in 1990. The LRS(M-L) was formed from a merger of the Asian American communist organization I Wor Kuen and the Chicano-Latino communist organization August 29th Movement (M-L) in September 1978. By 1979, they absorbed a number of other ethnic based radical groups including the East Wind Collective of Japanese Americans in Los Angeles, the Seize the Time Collective of Chicanos and African Americans in San Francisco and The New York Collective of Puerto Ricans and Dominicans.
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Fidel Castro proclaimed himself to be "a socialist, a Marxist, and a Leninist". As a Marxist–Leninist, Castro believed strongly in converting Cuba and the wider world from a capitalist system in which individuals own the means of production into a socialist system in which the means of production are owned by the workers. In the former, there is a class divide between the wealthy classes who control the means of production (i. e., the factories, farms, media, etc.) and the poorer working classes who labor on them, whilst in the latter, there is a decreasing class divide as the government redistributes the means of production leading to communism.
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The group now numbering four members, began a two-year period of Marxist study with the aiming to "reforge the CPGB".Reforging the old CPGB, Accessed 20/02/09Reforging the CPGB, Accessed 20/02/09 These two years of study finally culminated in the publication of the first edition of The Leninist.First Leninist, Accessed 20 February 2009 After the dissolution of the CPGB, the group around The Leninist declared their intention to reforge the party on what they declared to be "firm Leninist principles". They organised an "emergency conference", at which they claimed the CPGB name, but not its assets.
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The November 29 National Liberation Movement (in Spanish: Movimiento de Liberación Nacional 29 de noviembre) (MLN-29) is a Marxist-Leninist party in Panama that was founded in 1970. The date in its name refers to the death of Panamanian communist leader Floyd Britton the year before.
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Satya Narayan Mandal (Nepali: सत्यनारायण मंडल) is a Nepalese politician and the current party leader of Province No. 2. He is a member of the Nepal Communist Party, formed by the union of Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) and Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre).
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BNML also started Rood Metal (Red Metal) as a periodical of workers. By 1970 BVD estimated the BNML membership to around 40. The real figure was probably significantly higher. In 1972 BNML was joined by the Red Youth (marxist- leninist), which had broken away from Rode Jeugd.
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In Soviet press, these states were also called "countries on the path of the construction of socialism" () and "countries on the path of the socialist development" (). All these terms meant to draw a distinction from the true socialist states (in Marxist–Leninist understanding)."Sotsialisticheskaya oriyentatsiya" (in Russian).
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Paška was born in Košice on 23 February 1958. He graduated from the Faculty of Arts of the Comenius University in Bratislava in 1985. His study fields included Marxist–Leninist philosophy and aesthetics. Prior to his university studies he worked for the State Company Zdroj in Košice.
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The Paradox of Africa's Poverty: The Role of Indigenous Knowledge, Traditional Practices and Local Institutions: the Case of Ethiopia. Lawrenceville, NJ [u.a.]: Red Sea Press, 1999. p. 137 On February 26, 1977 Echat, Meison and three other organizations founded the Union of Ethiopian Marxist-Leninist Organizations.
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Kul Prasad Uprety, a Nepalese politician. Uprety contested the 1991 Nepalese legislative election as a Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) candidate in the Taplejung-1 seat. He won the election, defeating Nepali Congress candidate Mani Lama, with 12703 votes (47.19%).Institute for Development Studies.
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A supplementary volume devoted to Soviet Armenia was published in 1987. Works on the encyclopedia began in 1967. Although it reflected the government's Marxist–Leninist viewpoint, is in the most comprehensive encyclopedia in the Armenian language to this day. Each volume was published in 100,000 copies.
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Emblem of PO SSM Pionýr (literally: Pioneer), officially Pioneer Organization of the Socialist Youth Union (, PO SSM; , PO SZM), was a youth Marxist- Leninist organization in communist Czechoslovakia. Although the organisation proclaimed to be voluntary, every child was expected to join from the age of six.
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Oli was imprisoned for 14 consecutive years from 1973 to 1987 for being against Panchayat system. After his release from prison in 1987, he became a central committee member of Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) and in-charge of the Lumbini zone until 1990.
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Gheorghiu-Dej taught Ceaușescu in prison Marxist-Leninist theories and principles, and kept him close as Gheorghiu-Dej steadily gained power after their release from prison in 1944. During 1946-1947, he was a member of Romania's Gheorghe Tătărescu-led delegation to the Paris Peace Conference.
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The event was featured in San Francisco media such as San Francisco Bay Times, Bay Guardian and Bay Area Reporter. During the 1990s, Nihilson remained active in IWW as well as Food Not Bombs. At present, Nihilson is a Marxist-Leninist filmmaker working in Portland Oregon.
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In the 1970s and 1980s the Party began to move away from its Marxist/Leninist roots"The Right Side: Dutch Communists 50 Years after Stalin", Radio Netherlands Archvies, September 12, 2003 and began embrace a more libertarian and Eurocommunist programme with a strong emphasis on feminism.
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By the late 1920s, Stalin established ideological orthodoxy among the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), the Soviet Union and the Communist International to establish universal Marxist–Leninist praxis.Bullock, Allan; Trombley, Stephen, eds. (1999). The New Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought (3rd ed.). p. 506.Lisischkin, G. (1989).
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Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Bolshevik was a small communist party in India. It was formed by Jayshree Rana, who broke with her husband's (Santosh Rana) CPI (ML) after they had decided to run in elections in mid 1977.Singh, Prakash. The Naxalite Movement in India.
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This article lists political parties in Vietnam. Vietnam is a Marxist–Leninist one-party state. This means that only one political party, the Communist Party of Vietnam () is legally allowed to hold effective power. Vietnamese elections conform to the popular front principle used in communist countries.
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Dimitry V. Pospielovsky. A History of Soviet Atheism in Theory, and Practice, and the Believer, vol 1: A History of Marxist-Leninist Atheism and Soviet Anti-Religious Policies, St Martin's Press, New York (1987) p. 61. The Communist party at the time had 1.8 million members.Paul Froese.
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The Syrian Resistance (al-Muqāwamat al-Sūriyah, Arabic: المقاومة السورية), formerly known as the Popular Front for the Liberation of the Sanjak of Iskandarun (Arabic: الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير لواء اســكندرون), is a pro- government Syrian armed militia group operating in northwest Syria, claiming a Marxist–Leninist ideology.
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Communist Party of Nepal (Soviet), was an underground political party in Nepal. It was founded 1978 by the All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist-Leninist). The founding congress was held December 26, 1978-January 1, 1979. The first general secretary of CPN (ML) was C.P. Mainali.
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In his analysis of states run under Marxist–Leninist ideology, economist Michael Ellman of the University of Amsterdam notes that such states compared favorably with Western states in some health indicators such as infant mortality and life expectancy.Ellman, Michael (2014). Socialist Planning. Cambridge University Press. p. 372. .
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In its August 8, 1949 issue Nova borba called for a 'true Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Yugoslavia' to be reestablished. Similar calls would later appear in other émigré Cominformist organs, but no such party formation materialized.Banac, Ivo. With Stalin against Tito: Cominformist Splits in Yugoslav Communism.
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Historically, the Sino-Soviet split facilitated the Marxist–Leninist Realpolitik with which Mao established the tri-polar geopolitics (PRC–USA–USSR) of the late-period Cold War (1956–1991) as well as the quad- polar geopolitics (PRC-UK-USA-USSR) until the Suez Crisis of 1956.
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New York: Herder and Herder, 1973. Class interests and material conditions of existence determine ideology, and thus, in a Marxist-Leninist view, true objectivity (in terms of non-partisanship) is not possible in a society of antagonistic classes.Smirnov, G.L. Partiinost' Great Soviet Encyclopedia. 3rd Edition. Eds.
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BSD(ML) poster The Communist Party of Bangladesh (Marxist–Leninist) () is a political party in Bangladesh. The party's general secretary is Dilip Barua. The BSD-ML is part of the Left Democratic Front and the 11-Party Alliance. The electoral symbol of the party is a chair.
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Originally rooted in communist and Marxist–Leninist ideologies, the party took on a more reformist outlook in the mid-1980s under Heng Samrin. In 1991, the CPP officially dropped its commitment to socialism, and has since embraced a free market economy, although its authoritarian tendencies remain.
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The Communist Party of Nepal () is a political party in Nepal, founded in April 2013. The party was formed through the merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Unified), Communist Party of Nepal Marxist−Leninist (Samajbadi), Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist), Marxist Communist Party of Nepal, Bidrohi ML and the Independent Thought Group. Rishi Kattel is the chairman of the party. Jagat Bahadur Bogati and Lok Narayan Subedi serve as co-chairs of the party, whilst Haridev Gyawali, Ram Bahadur Bhandari and Tanka Rai serve as vice-chairs.
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The main methodological principles of Marxist ethics are materialism and dialectics. Marxist–Leninist ethics is materialist: the ideals, standards and virtues prevailing in society are interpreted as a reflection of actually existing interpersonal (value) relations, an expression of interests and requirements of social groups and classes. Morality is not reduced to an ethical ideology that has isolated itself from the world and lays claim to absolute value. Marxist ethics describes morality as a property of one's behavior conditioned by social and historical existence as those moral values that bring together (or force apart) living individuals.
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Gummadi Narsaiah is an Indian politician and leading member of Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) New Democracy. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly for Yellandu between 1983-1994 and 1999-2009, elected as an Independent."Gummadi Narsaiah sticks to his cycle for campaigning". The Hindu.
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In 1972 the 'Red Guard' faction, a spontanist group in Liege that had split away from P.C.(M.L.)B., reunited with the party. This group was led by Mazurkevitch Sarlet, Édouard Sarlet and Jean Derkenne. In the same year the Communist Party of Belgium (Marxist-Leninist) (P.C.B.(m.
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Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist) Samyabadi () is a political party in Nepal. As of 2013, the chairman of the party was Pundari Prasad Belbase.Nepali Headlines. Fringe Parties make Election Manifesto Public, 5 Development Regions as Model for Federalizing country The party proposes reorganizing Nepal into ten states.
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In 1978 TKP/ML-Hareketi started publishing Devrimci Halkın Birliği. In 1978 split with a minority forming a new party, Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist-Leninist (New Build-Up Organization) (TKP/ML (YIÖ)). TKP/ML- Hareketi held its First Conference in 1979. In 1980 TKP/ML-Hareketi renounced Maoism.
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One of the recruits was Pieter Boevé, a General Intelligence and Security Service (BVD)-agent. Boevé became the international secretary of MLCN. However, his double-play discovered, and he got expelled. Later the BVD set up its own Marxist-Leninist Party of the Netherlands with Boevé as its leader.
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Before constituting itself as the Revolutionary Communist Organising Committee, the group was called the Red Flag District Committee (Rato Jhanda Zilla Samiti). On September 11, 1978, the group merged into the All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist- Leninist).Rawal, Bhim Bahadur. Nepalma samyabadi andolan: udbhab ra vikas.
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This decontestation is not only the product of an inter-ideological competition (between ideologies), but it is also the product of an intra-ideological competition (within ideologies): hence the success of Friedrich Hayek's form of neoliberalism during the 1980s, or of the Marxist–Leninist trend in the 1920s.
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According to Lutgard Lams, "President Xi is making great attempts to 'Sinicize' Marxist–Leninist Thought 'with Chinese characteristics' in the political sphere."Lutgard Lams, "Examining Strategic Narratives in Chinese Official Discourse under Xi Jinping" Journal of Chinese Political Science (2018) volume 23, pp 387–411 at p. 395.
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The New Communist Movement as a whole became smaller in the 1980s. The militant May 19th Communist Organization was dissolved. Some organizations dissolved in the early 1980s, such as the Communist Party (Marxist-Leninist). The Revolutionary Communist Party USA remains as an original product of the New Left.
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Prem Bahadur Singh () is a Nepalese politician. He is the chairman of the Samajbadi Prajatantrik Janata Party, Nepal. He was previously a political leader of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist). Singh won the Kalikot-1 seat in the 1999 parliamentary election as a CPN(UML) candidate.
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Socialist Workers Front (Marxist–Leninist) () was a communist party in Panama. FOS(ml) was founded in 1973, following a split in the People's Party of Panama. FOS(ml) originated in the pro-Chinese 'Proletarian Wing' of PPP. FOS(ml) made its first public appearance on May Day 1973.
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Shantha Bandara - First convenor of Inter University Students' Federation Shantha Bandara alias Mahanama (1951−1990) was the first convenor of the Inter University Students' Federation (IUSF) and a key leader of Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna, a Marxist- Leninist political party in Sri Lanka. He was killed in January 1990.
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Every communist state has been led by a Marxist–Leninist party. This party seeks to represent and articulate the interests of the classes exploited by capitalism. It seeks to lead the exploited classes to achieve communism. However, the party cannot be identified with the exploited class in general.
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Many Trotskyist parties and organizations exist that advocate communism. These groups are distinct from Marxist–Leninist groups in that they generally adhere to the theory and writings of Leon Trotsky. Many owe their organizational heritage to the Socialist Workers Party, which emerged as a split-off from the CP.
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Their members included Udham Singh, and they focused on agitating for Indian independence. After this was achieved, the groups became largely moribund. The organisation's journal (Lalkar) is now edited by Chairman of the Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist–Leninist), Harpal Brar. However, Lalkar is now an independent journal.
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Andhra Pradesh Revolutionary Communist Committee). In 1971 APCCR suffered a severe split, with the Chandra Pulla Reddy-led group leaving the party. This group also used the name APCCR. This group merged with the Provisional Central Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) of Satayanarayan Singh in 1973.
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During the day, someone, who spoke clear Turkish language, called Hürriyet's office in Berlin, Germany and said "We killed Çetin Emeç. Dev-Sol, (literally: Revolutionary People's Liberation Party–Front , a Marxist-Leninist militant organization)". Emeç was buried at the Zincirlikuyu Cemetery in Istanbul. His murder remained so far unsolved.
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After World War II, the Free German Trade Union Federation was established in East Germany as a unified trade union for Communists and others. In the 1970s, the Maoist Communist Party of Germany (Structural Organization) and the KPD/Marxist–Leninist tried to revive the RGO, but had little success.
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Rana got 13401 votes (25,67%), which was enough to defeat the CPI(M), Indian National Congress and Janata Party candidates. Singh's CPI(ML) were also able to register the party name Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) with the Election Commission of India, but the registration was later lost.
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This tiny group left the CPGB by 1963. McCreery himself died in New Zealand in 1965. Later a more significant group formed around Reg Birch, an engineering union official, established the Communist Party of Britain (Marxist-Leninist). Initially, this group supported the position of the Communist Party of China.
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Front page of Bintang Merah from November 7, 1946 Bintang Merah (Indonesian: Red Star) was a magazine of the Communist Party of Indonesia which published in Jakarta from 1945 to 1948 and again from 1950 to 1965. It described itself as a magazine of Marxist-Leninist politics and theory.
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Group of Marxist–Leninists/Red Dawn () is a Maoist group in the Netherlands. GML/Rode Morgen was founded in 1977, as a merger of a group of Amsterdam students and some groups of individuals expelled from the Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands (Marxist-Leninist) (KEN (ml)) in 1976. At the time of its foundation it had around 25 members. From the start, GML was mainly active in factories and trade unions.
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Even more influential was the work of Mao Zedong, particularly his New Democracy. Following Mao's thoughts and political example, in the mid-1960s Pol Pot reformulated his ideas about Marxism–Leninism to better suit the Cambodian situation. Due to these alterations, various other Marxist–Leninists said that he was not truly adhering to Marxist–Leninist ideas. In 1979, Deng for instance criticised the Khmer Rouge for engaging in "deviations from Marxism- Leninism".
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The Communist Organisation in the British Isles (COBI) was a Marxist-Leninist political party in Britain and Ireland. It was founded in 1974 by members of the British and Irish Communist Organisation (BICO) who disagreed with BICO's stance on workers' control, which the COBI described as reducing "the working class to a plastic object of bourgeois history" and "fundamentally anti- Marxist". What is the Communist Organisation in the British Isles? in Proletarian, No. 1.
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Aside from the Marxist–Leninist framework, this blending of ideas largely only took bits and pieces of other philosophical systems and even its use of traditional African cultural concepts were often stretched to fit into the larger theory. While a major focus of the ideology was ending colonial relationships on the African continent, many of the ideas were utopian, diverting the scientific nature of the Marxist political analysis which it claims to support.
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ATM and IWK merged to create the League of Revolutionary Struggle. The League of Revolutionary Struggle was created from a union between I Wor Kuen and the August 29th Movement in 1978. During the 1970s, the Marxist-Leninst movement gained traction in the United States as young revolutionary groups found themselves drawn lto the anti-revisionist communist movement. ATM and IWK were two prominent Marxist-Leninist organizations that were formed during the 1960s.
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"Heidegger's black notebooks aren't that surprising". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 May 2019. Losurdo's philosophical-political reflection, attentive to the contextualization of philosophical thought in his own historical time, moved in particular from the themes of radical criticism of liberalism, capitalism and colonialism as well as the traditional conception of totalitarianism in the perspective of a defense of Marxist dialectics and historical materialism, devoting himself to the study of anti-revisionism in the Marxist–Leninist sphere.
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The communist rebellion in the Philippines is an ongoing conflict between the Government of the Philippines (GPH) and the New People's Army (NPA), which is the armed wing of the Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP). The conflict is also associated with the National Democratic Front of the Philippines (NDFP), which serves as the political wing of the CPP. It is the world's oldest existing Communist insurgency, and is the largest, most prominent communist conflict in the Philippines, in contrast to the Marxist–Leninist RPMP-RPA-ABB rebellion, and the now-defunct Hukbalahap and Cordillera People's Liberation Army Rebellions. Between 1969 and 2008, more than 43,000 insurgency-related fatalities were recorded.
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In the 1970s, the Guardian began to outspokenly embrace a Marxist–Leninist ideology aligned with the Third-worldist and Maoist New Communist Movement, later orienting itself toward a political tendency known as The Trend. The paper editorially called for a new Marxist–Leninist party in the United States. The paper attempted to carve an independent role for itself, never formally aligning with any particular group and remaining critical of the plethora of small New Left party organizations which emerged after the demise of SDS in 1970. The traditional news-first approach of the original National Guardian was gradually attenuated in the paper's outspokenly revolutionary 1970s incarnation, with editorial and commentary material supplanting straight news reporting.
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"Të jetosh kohën", Rexhina Nano, page 45, Botimet DUDAJ, 2008 After graduation in 1978, Nano worked in the management of the metallurgical mills of Elbasan until 1981."Të jetosh kohën", Rexhina Nano, page 59, Botimet DUDAJ, 2008 From 1981 until 1984, Nano served as an economist at Priska's Agricultural Farm in Tirana. In 1984, he was appointed as a researcher of socio-economic problems and reforms of market economies of Eastern Bloc countries in the Institute of Marxist- Leninist Studies in Tirana, where he worked until 1990."Të jetosh kohën", Rexhina Nano, page 66, Botimet DUDAJ, 2008 When Fatos Nano was working in the Marxist-Leninist Institute, he was under the observation of Nexhmije Hoxha, Enver Hoxha's wife.
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The ACWF soon developed beyond its original mission of promoting gender equality, and it became a tool used by the party to mobilize women for economic, political and ideological motives. The early stages of the organization were characterized by a focus on Marxist–Leninist ideology. The CPC viewed the women’s movement as a part of the larger Chinese revolution against the feudal past, but some leaders in the CPC argued that because most of the women continued to do domestic work, and did not actively participate in the revolution, this contradicted the Marxist–Leninist ideology. The ACWF contested this assertion, stating that the economic conditions were not at the point where jobs could be provided to all women.
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Collectivism and egalitarianism were an important part of Marxist–Leninist ideology in the Soviet Union, where it played a key part in forming the New Soviet man, willingly sacrificing his or her life for the good of the collective. Terms such as "collective" and "the masses" were frequently used in the official language and praised in agitprop literature by Vladimir Mayakovsky (Who needs a "1") and Bertolt Brecht (The Decision and Man Equals Man). The fact that Marxist–Leninist regimes confiscated private businesses and landholdings radically increased income and property equality in practice. Income inequality dropped in Russia under the rule of the Soviet Union, then rebounded after its demise in 1991.
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9, 6 July 1970 In 1967, Bains held a small conference of students in London with the express objective determining the future of the anti-revisionist movement, the "Necessity for Change" conference. While the Irish Communist Organisation disagreed with the other delegates and walked out of the meeting,Red Patriot magazine (Ireland), July 19th, 1975. Bains became known as a leader of the anti-revisionist movement internationally, and assisted in establishing Marxist–Leninist parties around the world. In addition to founding the CPC (ML) and CPI(ML), Bains is regarded as a major influence on the Revolutionary Communist Party of Britain (Marxist–Leninist), the Communist Party of Trinidad and Tobago, and the Communist Ghadar Party of India.
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The RCPB-ML has its origins in the Sussex University-based English Student Movement, part of the Hardial Bains-inspired tendency known as the Internationalists; and it formed following their Necessity For Change conference in 1967."The Rise & Fall of Maoism: the English Experience". Renamed the English Communist Movement (Marxist–Leninist) in 1970, the group founded the Communist Party of England (Marxist–Leninist) in March 1972. Like other Bains-inspired parties, the CPE-ML took the Chinese side in the Sino- Soviet split, thus being endorsed by Albania, allied at the time with Maoist China and opposing both the capitalist West and the Soviet bloc in accordance with the Three Worlds Theory promoted by Beijing.
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The Marxist–Leninist governing party organises itself around the principle of democratic centralism and through it the state too. It means that all directing bodies of the party, from top to bottom, shall be elected; that party bodies shall give periodical accounts of their activities to their respective party organizations; that there shall be strict party discipline and the subordination of the minority to the majority; and that all decisions of higher bodies shall be absolutely binding on lower bodies and on all party members. The highest organ of a Marxist–Leninist governing party is the party congress. The congress elects the central committee and either an auditing commission and a control commission, or both, although not always.
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With the end of the dictatorship, it was the only significant part of the Brazilian left to remain within the PMDB, the continuation of the MDB. Most other groups joined the PT while the Brazilian Communist Party and the Communist Party of Brazil relaunched themselves as independent political parties. The MR8 is a bit of an oddity in Brazilian politics, as it considers itself "Marxist- Leninist" but is not organized under democratic centralism and operates within a bourgeois centre-to-left political party, in direct contradiction to the Marxist-Leninist tenets of independence from bourgeois organizations. In the late 1990s, MR8 became somewhat reformist like other leftist movements and a more moderate socialist group.
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Financial constraints initially prevented her from enrolling in college, however she eventually obtained a Bachelor of Arts from the Bhim Rao Ambedkar Open University. Around that time, she became an activist with the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist), but insists that she never let the politics overshadow the education.
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Organization of Revolutionary Workers of Iran – The Worker’s Way (O.R.W.I; ) is an Iranian Marxist-Leninist political organisation formed in 1978, by former affiliates of other leftist groups. It is currently exiled in Germany. The organization was critical of other leftist groups, including Tudeh Party, factions of People's Fedai Guerrillas and Peykar.
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Communist Party of Iceland (Marxist–Leninist) (in Icelandic: Kommúnistaflokkur Íslands (m-l)), was a political party in Iceland. It was established in April 1976 by 30 delegates. Initially known as Communist Movement M-L (Kommúnistahreyfingin M-L; KHML), from 1972 until 1976 Kommúnistasamtökin marxistarnir-lenínistarnir (KSML). Published Stéttabaráttan (Class Struggle).
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During the Communist era from 1972 to 1990, the trade union movement was organized in line with the professed Marxist-Leninist principles of the People's Revolutionary Party of Benin (PRPB). However, with the shift to a multi-party democracy in the 1990s, the trade union movement split into various entities.
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Revolutionary Communist Workers Movement of Turkey (in Turkish: Türkiye Devrimci Komünist İşçi Hareketi) was a clandestine Marxist-Leninist group in Turkey. TDKİH was founded in August 1989, following a split in the Revolutionary Communist Party of Turkey (TDKP). TDKİH accused the TDKP leadership of reformism. TDKİH published Devrimci Komünist İşçi.
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Fundamentals of Marxism–Leninism is a book by Otto Wille Kuusinen. The work is considered one of the fundamental works on dialectical materialism and on Leninist communism. The book remains important in understanding the philosophy and politics of the Soviet Union; it consolidates the work of important contributions to Marxist theory.
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The Dissident movement in the Polish People's Republic was a political movement in the Polish People's Republic (predecessor of the modern Republic of Poland, Polish: Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL) whose aim was to change the political system from unitary Marxist–Leninist government imposed by the USSR to democratic form of government.
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Some of its members either went missing or perished under various circumstances. The Marxist-Leninist activist group took advantage of these events and took the lead in organizing and expanded exponentially. This alarmed Intengan as the basic ideology of the extreme left is incompatible with his faith and Catholic Christian foundation.
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This type of economic system is defended from a Marxist–Leninist perspective which states that a socialist planned economy can only be possible after first establishing the necessary comprehensive commodity market economy, letting it fully develop until it exhausts its historical stage and gradually transforms itself into a planned economy.
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Fedaian Organisation or Organization of Fadaiyan (Minority) () is an Iranian exiled Marxist-Leninist organisation. A small remainder faction of the disintegrated Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (Minority) led by Akbar Kāmyābi, the group is now based in Europe. They co-founded Union of People's Fedaian of Iran in 1994.
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The Marxist–Leninist Party fielded candidates in several ridings. Blair T. Longley campaigned in British Columbia as a representative of the "Student Party". Newspaper reports indicate that this was simply a tax- avoidance scheme. The moribund Social Credit Party fielded nine candidates, far short of the 50 required for official recognition.
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RCS (A.P.) flag రైతుకూలీ సంఘం (ఆంధ్రప్రదెౕశ్)/ Raitu Coolie Sangham (Andhra Pradesh) (Farmers Labourers League (Andhra Pradesh)) is a revolutionary peasants' movement in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, related to the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist). The secretary of the organization is Kotaiah and the president Sinhadrai Jhansi.The Hindu .
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In 1991, Central Reorganisation Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) leader K. Venu decided to denounce of the Naxalism and disband the party. He renounced Maoism and declared an All India communist party as an impossibility. Groups dissatisfied with the dissolution formed the Maharashtra Communist Party and Kerala Communist Party.
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PSOL launched Heloísa Helena to run for president in 2006 elections. The vice-presidential candidate was intellectual . The party ran in a left-wing ticket along with two other parties: Trotskyist Unified Workers' Socialist Party (PSTU) and Marxist–Leninist Brazilian Communist Party (PCB). The alliance was extended to gubernatorial elections.
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The party was founded as the Communist Party of the Netherlands/Marxist–Leninist (KPN/ML) in 1971. In 1972, it adopted the Socialist Party name (Dutch: Socialistiese Partij), with an unofficial spelling using -iese instead of -ische. In 1993, the party changed its name to the correctly spelled Socialistische Partij.
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SPB follows a Marxist-Leninist ideological line. The party claims to uphold the original intent of Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin and Mao Zedong. SPB holds that Bangladesh is a capitalist country. In line with that analysis, the party works toward a socialist revolution in the country.
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Fabio Grobart (born Abraham Grobart on August 20, 1905 - died 22 October 1994; also known as Antonio Blanco and Abraham Simjovitch) was a Marxist-Leninist revolutionary and politician who played an important role in the 1959 Cuban Revolution that overthrew Fulgencio Batista and led to Fidel Castro's rise to power.
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Ghanty was born in Mauritius to a Persian-Gujarati father and a French mother. He held Marxist-Leninist ideas, and his involvement in protests led to arrests in 1975 and 1981. He lived in France from 1984 to 1996. He contributed to the Arte Povera movement, and specialized in contemporary art.
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Mahbub Alam (born 1956/1957NDTV Elections. Bihar Candidates: Phase 5) is an Indian politician. He is a member of the Central Committee as well as the Bihar State Committee of the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation.Liberation. Rural Poor Turn Out in Massive CPI(ML) Rally at PatnaThe Hindu.
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Singh became a member of the Bihar State Committee of the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) led by Satyanarayan Singh. He led the Ratnopatti peasant struggle of 1978, during which revolutionaries seized 25 bigha of lands from Hari Mahato (a local landlord). The seized lands were distributed to landless peasants.
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Seen as a Moscow loyalist, Hall's reputation in the party rose after the war. In 1946 he was elected to the national executive board of the party under the new general secretary, Eugene Dennis, a pro-Soviet Marxist–Leninist, who had replaced Earl Browder after the latter's expulsion from the party.
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Kanu Sanyal, (1932 - 23 March 2010), was an Indian communist politician. In 1967, he was one of the main leaders of the Naxalbari uprising and in 1969 he was one of the founding leaders of Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (CPI (ML)). Sanyal committed suicide on 23 March 2010.
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PCB publishes La Flamme. PCB was an illegal party, working in a clandestine manner against the Kérékou regime, and was only legally recognized on September 17, 1993. During the Cold War, the party was pro-Albanian. PCB is associated with the International Conference of Marxist-Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle).
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Two weeks later, the National Assembly approved numerous amendments to the constitution that purged it of its Marxist–Leninist character, ending one- party rule in Hungary. A small Communist faction, centred on Károly Grósz, opposed these reforms and broke away to form the Hungarian Communist Workers' Party on 17 December 1989.
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While it was formed in 1973 as an election front for the Worker's Communist Party (marxist- leninist) (in Norwegian: Arbeidernes Kommunistparti (m-l), AKP(ml)), the Red Electoral Alliance became an independent party in 1991, and after that, it scrapped many Leninist ideas. It remained a revolutionary party that, promoting an ideology based upon Marxism. From 1993 to 1997, Erling Folkvord represented RV in Stortinget, the Norwegian parliament. In 1997 the party got their highest recorded percentage of votes, with 1.7%.
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A History of Soviet Atheism in Theory, and Practice, and the Believer, vol 1: A History of Marxist-Leninist Atheism and Soviet Anti-Religious Policies, St Martin's Press, New York (1987) p. 43 This was part of the purges that characterized the 1930s as well as Stalin's efforts to submit all marxist institutions to himself. Marxist leaders who took either position on this issue would find themselves attacked by a paranoid Stalin who did not tolerate other authorities to speak as authorities on public policy. Trotsky, Bukharin and other "traitors" were condemned as well as their ideas on the antireligious struggle.
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Nicos Poulantzas ( ; 21 September 1936 – 3 October 1979) was a Greek-French Marxist political sociologist and philosopher. In the 1970s, Poulantzas was known, along with Louis Althusser, as a leading Structural Marxist and, while at first a Leninist, eventually became a proponent of democratic socialismPoulantzas, Nicos. "Towards a democratic socialism." New Left Review 109 (1978): 75-87.. He is most well known for his theoretical work on the state, but he also offered Marxist contributions to the analysis of fascism, social class in the contemporary world, and the collapse of dictatorships in Southern Europe in the 1970s (e.g.
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The Terceristas believed Nicaragua would have to go through a transitional popular-democratic revolutionary phase that would not be explicitly Marxist-Leninist until it reached a socialist society. The Sandinismo of the Terceristas called for "Marxist ideological clarity" only among its top ranks and not among the "masses" in fear of Nicaraguans' reaction to such policies. What differentiates Tercerista ideology from other Sandinismo strains is their willingness to have tactical alliances with "bourgeoisie" sectors of society. Their appeals for "tactical and temporary broad alliances" were victorious within the party's National Directorate, however, not without controversy over the preservation of pure Marxist analysis.
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He was the newspaper's first political director and supported the unity of the Italian Maoists against revisionism of the Italian Communist Party, but his appeals were mainly unheard by the then Italian Marxist–Leninists. In 1977, he established the Italian Marxist–Leninist Party and became its General Secretary. During his political struggle, he wrote some works and an essay for the International Seminary on Mao Zedong Thought. His works are currently diffused in Italy, Mexico and Ukraine.
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The Communist Party of Britain is a communist political party in Great Britain committed to Marxist–Leninist theory. The party emerged from a dispute between Eurocommunists and Marxist-Leninists in the Communist Party of Great Britain in 1988. Ex-members included General Secretaries of three organisations: Bob Crow of the RMT union, Ken Gill of the Manufacturing, Science and Finance (MSF) union and member of the TUC General Council, and Kate Hudson of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND).
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"In a modern sense of the word, communism refers to the ideology of Marxism-Leninism. [...] [T]he adjective democratic is added by democratic socialists to attempt to distinguish themselves from Communists who also call themselves socialists. All but communists, or more accurately, Marxist-Leninists, believe that modern-day communism is highly undemocratic and totalitarian in practice, and democratic socialists wish to emphasise by their name that they disagree strongly with the Marxist-Leninist brand of socialism.""Communism" (2007).
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Arwa Saleh (1951–1997) was an Egyptian communist and feminist, who was a veteran student leader in the 1970s radical student movement. She was also a member of the central committee of the Marxist-Leninist Egyptian Communist Workers Party (ECWP). Much of her writing appeared in the ECWP paper, circulated underground due to state repression of communists. She also published several translations of Marxist literature in Arabic, including Tony Cliff's Class Struggle and Women's Liberation (1984).
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The term Naxal derives from the name of the village Naxalbari in West Bengal, where the Naxalite peasant revolt took place in 1967. Naxalites are considered far-left communists, supportive of Maoism. Their origin can be traced to the split in 1967 of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) following the Naxalbari peasant uprising, leading to the formation of the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) two years later. Initially, the movement had its epicentre in West Bengal.
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The legal front of KDH/L is the Revolutionary Party Forces/Leninist (Devrimci Parti Güçleri/Leninist).
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Socialist Revolution Party of Benin () was a Marxist-Leninist political party operating in Togo and Dahomey. It was founded in Cotonou on July 28, 1959. The party united Juvento dissidents from Togo and Dahomeyan trade unionists. The founding declaration of the party was signed by Max Mensah Aithson (Togo) and Théophile Béhanzin (Dahomey).
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January 2019. though the Marxist–Leninist Party of Germany said Mfouapon was "the leader." It would have taken hours for police reinforcements to arrive. The migrants sent a messenger with an ultimatum to the police: if they would not remove the handcuffs of Yussif O. within two minutes, they would storm the gate.
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Capadocia was born in Negros Oriental, the son of a poor labourer. Capadocia himself survived through various employments, such as working as a chef and waiter. He became active in trade unions in the 1920s. Despite lacking a formal education, Capadocia became highly literate and gained a deep knowledge of Marxist-Leninist thought.
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It emerged as the Communist Vanguard (Vanguardia Comunista), evolving into the Marxist–Leninist Communist Party (Partido Comunista Marxista-Leninista) in 1976, before adopting the name PL in 1983.Indij, Guido Julián. Gráfica política de izquierdas: Argentina, 1890-2001 = Left-wing political graphics : Argentina, 1890-2001. Buenos Aires: La Marca Editora, 2006. p.
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The Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Red Star is a political party in India. The party emerged from a 2009 split in the CPI (ML) led by Kanu Sanyal.Red Star. From the 8th Party Congress of the CPI(ML) in 1970 to 9th Congress in 2011 - an overview of developmentsThe Hindu.
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La Paz, Bolivia: Plural, 2003. p. 176 Zamora Medinaceli's group were expelled from the Communist Party in August 1964 in connection with the second party congress held. His followers founded the pro-Chinese Communist Party of Bolivia (Marxist-Leninist) (PCB(ML)) in 1965, in which Zamora Medinaceli was the main leader.Filho, Paulo Cannabrava.
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In 1961, the pro-China faction leader Ted Hill was expelled from the Communist Party of Australia during the events of the split between the USSR and China. Hill in the following years led a split from the party which cumulated in the formation of the Maoist Communist Party of Australia (Marxist-Leninist).
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115 The formation of Imaledih was actively supported by the ruling Derg military junta. Imaledih was founded on February 26, 1977, by five organizations: All-Ethiopian Socialist Movement (Meison), Ethiopian Oppressed People's Revolutionary Struggle (Ichat), Ethiopian Marxist-Leninist Revolutionary Organization (Malerid), Waz League and Revolutionary Flame (Seded).Harjinder Singh. Agricultural Problems in Ethiopia.
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The fourth faction and is among the most organized factions, is the Re-organizing Committee, Communist League of India (Marxist-Leninist). It regularly publishes a party-organ called "Lal Salaam" every six months and maintains a web-site www.cli-ml.com. This faction is mainly engaged in organizing industrial workers in North India.
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From 1975-85 Communist Unity published the newspaper Verkalýðsblaðið (the working people's paper). The party maintained fraternal relations with Workers' Communist Party (Norway), Communist Party of Germany/Marxists–Leninists,Verkalýðsblaðið, Vol. 1, No. 3 Marxist–Leninist League of Denmark, Communist Party of Sweden,Verkalýðsblaðið Vol. 1, No. 4-5 amongst other parties.
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The Young Communist League of Canada (YCL-LJC) is a Canadian Marxist-Leninist youth organization founded in 1922. The organization is ideologically similar to, but independent from the Communist Party of Canada. The organization had a role in the On-to-Ottawa Trek, and the Mackenzie–Papineau Battalion. It is currently active.
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Ruch was an anti-communist organisation operating in Poland between 1965 and 1970. Its stated aim was the replacement of Poland's Marxist-Leninist-governed one-party state with a representative democracy. The group planned an arson attack on the Lenin Museum in Poronin. Its members were apprehended by the Polish authorities and imprisoned.
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Domestic terrorist groups present in Ecuador, although some have been operationally inactive in the last few years, include the Popular Combatants Group (PCG), the Revolutionary Militia of the People, the Marxist-Leninist Party of Ecuador, and the Alfarista Liberation Army."Chapter 2: Country Reports, Western Hemisphere Review. 2009 Incidents." US State Department.
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The Ethiopian Revolution 1974-1987 : a Transformation from an Aristocratic to a Totalitarian. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, 1995. p. 178 In December 1976, Malered published its own programme. In 1977, Malered took part in forming the Union of Ethiopian Marxist-Leninist Organizations together with four other groups (Meison, Seded, Echat and Waz League).
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The Workers Party of Jamaica (WPJ) was a Marxist-Leninist political party in Jamaica. WPJ was founded on 17 December 1978, by Trevor Munroe, along with Elean Thomas and others. Trevor Munroe, a Rhodes scholar from Oxford University, served as its general secretary. The forerunner of WPJ was the Workers Liberation League.
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The Anvil. Naxalbari and Subsequent Four Decades: A Retrospection He joined the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist). He was a delegate, representing Uttar Pradesh, at the 1970 party congress of CPI(ML). He took part in organzing the CPI(ML) Uttar Pradesh State Conference in Muzaffarnagar, at which Charu Majumdar participated.
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The Bhutan Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist) is a banned communist party in Bhutan. The CPB (MLM) calls for a New Democratic Revolution and the overthrow of the Bhutanese monarchy and the House of Wangchuck. Its armed wing is the Bhutan Tiger Force. It is currently estimated to have 600 to 1000 cadres.
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This is a list of notable people assassinated by the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP). JVP is a Sri Lankan Marxist-Leninist, communist party which was involved in two armed uprisings against the ruling governments in 1971 (SLFP) and 1987–89 (UNP). Later it entered democratic politics by participating in the 1994 parliamentary election.
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Mark Borisovich Mitin ( Russian Марк Борисович Митин ) (22 June/ 5 July 1901 - 15 January 1987 ) was a Soviet Marxist-Leninist philosopher and university lecturer, Professor of Philosophy Faculty of Moscow State University (1964-1968, 1978-1985 ). He was interested primarily dialectical and historical materialism, the philosophy of history and criticism of "bourgeois" philosophy .
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Gorbachev meeting the Romanian Marxist- Leninist leader Nicolae Ceaușescu. According to Taubman, Ceaușescu was Gorbachev's "favorite punching bag". On taking power, Gorbachev found some unrest among different national groups within the Soviet Union. In December 1986, riots broke out in several Kazakh cities after a Russian was appointed head of the region.
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237 The party reaffirmed its Marxist-Leninist foundations. It stated that the political order in Iraq was a form of comprador state capitalism. It blamed the 'reformist' leadership of the Iraqi Communist Party for enabling the Baathists to seize and remain in power in Iraq. Moreover, the party condemned the Soviet Union.
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Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, 199. Leiden: KITLV Press, 2003. p. 192 Soon after its foundation, PKI Merah sent a delegation to president Sukarno to seek recognition. PKI reacted to the split condemning PKI Merah, stating that PKI was the sole genuine Marxist-Leninist party in Indonesia.
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Krishna Das Shrestha () is a Nepalese politician who broke away from the Bagmati District Committee - which functioned semi-autonomously - of the Communist Party of Nepal in 1969 to found the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist) in 1981. Shrestha was the party president.Rawal, Bhim Bahadur. Nepalma samyabadi andolan: udbhab ra vikas.
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Eventually the Marxist–Leninist faction broke off and formed SI-Merah ("Red-SI"), which later joined the Communist Party of Indonesia. In 1921, Tjokroaminoto was arrested for the charge of assassination by SI-afd. B in Cimareme, Garut, West Java. He was released around 9 months later without trial in August 1922.
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A conversation on the future of the League of Revolutionary Struggle was sparked, causing polarization within the group as some advocated for the organization to continue as a clandestine Marxist-Leninist organization while others wanted to replace it with a more inclusive political entity. Eventually, on September 8, 1990, the league was dismantled.
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The party would however disintegrate in internal divisions. In 1976 the Dang District Committee of the party revolted against the party leadership. The group published a document called Antar Party Sangarshkalagi (For inner-party struggle). The Dang District Committee broke away, and merged with the All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist-Leninist).
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Baldev Singh Mann was a left-wing activist of the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist). He was the editor of Hirawal Dasta a revolutionary journal of the Naxalites. On September 26,1990, he was killed by Khalistan movement extremists while on his way to his village, Chinna Bagga, in Amritsar district of Punjab.
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The Socialist Workers' Party of Turkey (, TSİP) is a Marxist–Leninist and socialist political party in Turkey. The Socialist Workers' Party of Turkey was founded on 16 June 1974, but the party was closed following the 1980 coup. The TSİP was reestablished on 3 January 1993 by old members of the party.
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The songs and verses of Subbarao Panigrahi also had a great involvement. With the deepening debate and crisis within the major communist parties and subsequent upheaval of naxalbari the leadership aligned themselves with the newly formed All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries which later transformed into Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist).
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By 1970, 10 July, Vempatapu Satyanaraya, Adibhatla Kailasam and others like Panchadi Nirmala, Subbarao Panigrahy were also killed and the uprising soon disseminated. The reminiscences of the uprising still have some influence on the Naxalite–Maoist insurgency and the splintered Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) (CPI(ML)) factions that exist today.
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Nidhan Singh Gudhan was a communist activist, a central team member of Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist). He was tortured and then hanged by Khalistan movement extremists. At the time of his death, he was leading Kisan Sangharsh Samiti of Ropar district. He was the founding editor of the Journal Surkh Rekha.
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One criticism of the encyclopedia is that it is an unnecessary prestige project in the era when all major encyclopedias went online. Given its government sponsorship and explicit goal of replacing Wikipedia, the neutrality of the encyclopedia may be questioned. Some material from the explicitly Marxist-Leninist Great Soviet Encyclopedia has been included.
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Expressing contempt for the U.S., Castro shared the ideological views of the USSR, establishing relations with several Marxist–Leninist states.; . Meeting with Soviet First Deputy Premier Anastas Mikoyan, Castro agreed to provide the USSR with sugar, fruit, fibers, and hides in return for crude oil, fertilizers, industrial goods, and a $100 million loan.
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The Communist Initiative (German: Kommunistische Initiative) was an orthodox Marxist-Leninist organisation in Austria. It was founded in 2004 as a faction of the Communist Party of Austria (KPÖ). It left the party in 2005. It was a candidate in the parliamentary elections in 2008 as a part of the alliance "The Left".
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At the elections of the Chamber of Labor in Vienna, it was a candidate in an alliance with the ATIGF (Austrian section of the Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist-Leninist) as "KOMintern" and got 0,7% and one seat. In 2013 the Communist Initiative disbanded and the Party of Labour of Austria was founded.
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The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF; ; Kommunisticheskaya Partiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii, KPRF) is a communist political party in Russia that adheres to Marxist–Leninist philosophy. The party is often viewed as the immediate successor of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), which was banned in 1991 by then–Russian President Boris Yeltsin after a failed coup attempt. It is the second-largest political party in the Russian Federation after United Russia. The youth organisation of the party is the Leninist Young Communist League.
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Marxist–Leninist–Maoists draw heavily from the experiences and lessons of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution which sought to eradicate the bourgeois that arose within the vanguard party itself and to transform all aspects of the social superstructure. The catchphrase "class struggle continues, and is intensified, under socialism" is frequently used. Marxist–Leninist–Maoists hold the primacy of the relations of production over the productive forces, criticize Joseph Stalin's line that bourgeois influence under an advanced stage of socialism is primarily due to external forces (to the almost complete exclusion of internal forces) and strongly reaffirm the base-superstructure dialectic (that the conscious transformation of the base on its own is not enough, but the superstructure must also be consciously transformed).
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In the newly passed amendment, the majority party will form the government, the CA will elect the new president on the basis of majority and a new provision that the Opposition Leader will be a member of the Constitutional Council. The leading political parties, Nepali Congress, Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) and Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist-Leninist) engaged in discussions regarding who would be the new president. The Nepali Congress wanted Prime Minister and interim Head of State Girija Prasad Koirala while the Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist-Leninist) wanted its former Secretary-General Madhav Kumar Nepal as president. However, the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) wants an independent figure as president rather than party figures such as Koirala or Nepal.
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BBC News. 2008-04-22. The Constituent Assembly declared a republic at its first meeting on May 28, 2008, abolishing the monarchy. In late June 2008, the parties agreed to divide the 26 nominated seats in the Constituent Assembly between nine parties: the CPN (M) was to receive nine of these seats, while the Nepali Congress (NC) and the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) (CPN (UML)) (which respectively placed second and third in the election) would each receive five, the Madhesi Janadhikar Forum would receive two, and the Sadbhavana Party, the Nepal Workers and Peasants Party, Janamorcha Nepal, and the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist) would each receive one nominated seat."Parties recommend names for 26 CA members", Nepalnews, June 27, 2008.
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It may be a very broad or more limited concept, referring to all forms of socialism that are democratic and reject an authoritarian Marxist–Leninist state. Democratic socialism is a broad label and movement that include forms of libertarian socialism, market socialism, reformist socialism and revolutionary socialism as well as ethical socialism, liberal socialism, social democracy and some forms of state socialism and utopian socialism. Democratic socialism is contrasted to Marxism–Leninism which those socialists perceive as being authoritarian or undemocratic in practice. Democratic socialists oppose the Stalinist political system and the Soviet-type economic system, rejecting the perceived authoritarian form of governance and the centralised administrative command economy that took form in the Soviet Union and other Marxist–Leninist states during the 20th century.
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The Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist)'s predecessor organization, the October League (Marxist–Leninist), was founded in 1971 by several local groups, many of which had grown out of the radical student organization Students for a Democratic Society when SDS split apart in 1969. Michael Klonsky, who had been a national leader in SDS in the late 1960s, was the main leader of the CP(M-L). The October League came out of the Revolutionary Youth Movement II grouping in the SDS split. During the early 1970s the OL took positions that were at odds with most of the US Left, including opposition to gay liberation and support of the shah of Iran, whose regime they saw as a bulwark against Soviet social-imperialism.
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Communism carries a strong social stigma in the United States due to a history of anti-communism in the United States. Since the early 1970s, the term Eurocommunism was used to refer to the policies of Communist parties in western Europe, which sought to break with the tradition of uncritical and unconditional support of the Soviet Union. Such parties were politically active and electorally significant in France and Italy. With the collapse of the statalized one-party systems and Marxist–Leninist governments, in Eastern Europe from the late 1980s and the breakup of the Soviet Union on December 8, 1991, Marxist–Leninist state communism's influence has decreased dramatically in Europe, but around a quarter of the world's population still lives under such a kind of Communist states.
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In opposition to the revisionist line of the 5th Congress, the Conference adopted the Manifesto- Program, which draws a revolutionary line, reintroduced the Statute adopted at the Fourth Congress, adopted a resolution on the unity of the Communists, signed the principle that each country can only exist a single Marxist–Leninist party, decided to reissue The Working Class, a former central organ of the Party, approved the break with the USSR, and, finally, elected a new Central Committee. These historic resolutions mark not only a decisive break with the revisionists, but also purposed the organization of a true Marxist–Leninist vanguard in this conference Brazil. These meetings were attended by Joao Amazonas, Mauricio Grabois, Camara Ferreira, Mário Alves, Jacob Gorender, Miguel Batista de Carvalho, and Apollonius.
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Joe Monks claims that, "the meeting responded to the spirit of his speech and clapped him". Nevertheless, later that month the Irish volunteers voted 26 for and 11 against the motion to instead join the American Lincoln Battalion as the Connolly Column. Nathan's purported homosexuality did not go down well with the Communist International representatives (being then defined in official Marxist–Leninist terminology as a "fascist perversion") and though he professed a vague allegiance to socialism, he was not a hardcore Marxist–Leninist and had not been a member of the Communist Party of Great Britain before arriving in Spain. However, he proved to be generally popular among the rank and file of the International Brigades, according to the likes of Jason Gurney and Fred Copeman.
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Hardial Bains (; 15 August 1939 - 24 August 1997) was an Indo-Canadian microbiology lecturer, but was primarily known as the founder of a series of left-wing movements and parties foremost of which was the Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist) (CPC (ML)). Presenting himself as staunchly anti- revisionist and pro-Stalinist, until his death, Bains acted the spokesperson and ideological leader of the CPC (ML) — known in elections as the Marxist–Leninist Party of Canada. During his lifetime, Bains' outlook swung from supporting the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin, to Mao Zedong's China, then later to Enver Hoxha's Albania. Shortly before he died, and abandoning his previous sharp criticisms of the country, Bains turned to Fidel Castro's Cuba for inspiration.
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1917 Bolshevik takeover of Russia, Marx and Engels' classics like The Communist Manifesto were distributed far and wide Following the October Revolution of 1917 that swept the Vladimir Lenin-led Bolsheviks to power in Russia, the world's first socialist state was founded explicitly along Marxist lines. The Soviet Union, which Bolshevik Russia would become a part of, was a one-party state under the rule of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). Unlike their mass- based counterparts of the Second International, the CPSU and other Leninist parties like it in the Third International expected their members to know the classic works of Marx, Engels and Lenin. Further, party leaders were expected to base their policy decisions on Marxist-Leninist ideology.
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Communist Workers Organisation (in Dutch: Kommunistische Arbeidersorganisatie (marxistisch-leninistisch), abbreviated KAO (ml)) was a communist group in the Netherlands. It was founded in March 1978, through the merger of the League of Dutch Marxist-Leninists (BNML), the Communist Workers Organisation (KAO) and the Communist Circle of Breda (marxist-leninist) (KKB (ml)). All of these had their origins in the pro-Chinese fraction of the Communist Party of the Netherlands. The main organ of KAO (ml) was Rode Vlag (Red Flag).
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Several left-wing guerrilla groups attempting to overthrown the pro-Western regime of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi were notable and active in Iran from 1971 to 1979. The groups shared a commitment to armed struggle, but differed in ideology. Most were Marxist in orientation, but the largest group — People's Mujahedin of Iran — was founded as an Islamic socialist organization. The left-wing movement is meant to overthrow conservative or capitalist systems and replace them with Marxist–Leninist, socialist, or anarchist societies.
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Naxalbari uprising was an armed peasant revolt in 1967 in the Naxalbari block of the Siliguri subdivision in Darjeeling district, West Bengal, India. It was mainly led by local tribals and the radical communist leaders of Bengal and further developed into Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) in 1969. The event became an inspiration to the naxalite movement which rapidly spread from West Bengal to other states of India creating division within the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)) party.
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Pivotal to this policy was the Communist International, also known as the Comintern, formed with the perspective of aiding and assisting communist parties around the world and fostering revolution. This was one major cause of tensions during the Cold War as the United States and its military allies equated the global spread of communism with Soviet expansionism by proxy. By 1985, one-third of the world's population lived under a Marxist–Leninist system of government in one form or another. However, there was significant debate among communist and Marxist ideologues as to whether most of these countries could be meaningfully considered Marxist at all since many of the basic components of the Marxist system were altered and revised by such countries.
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Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's War, usually called People's War Group (PWG), was an underground communist party in India. It merged with the Maoist Communist Centre of India to form the Communist Party of India (Maoist) in 2004. Muppala Lakshmana Rao ('Ganapathi') was the general secretary of the party.Szajkowski, Bogdan, and Florence Terranova.
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The Romania Anti-Religious Campaign, refers to the anti-religious campaign initiated by the Socialist Republic of Romania, which under the doctrine of Marxist–Leninist atheism, took a hostile stance against religion, and set its sights on the ultimate goal of an atheistic society, wherein religion would be recognized as the ideology of the bourgeoisie.
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Drona Prasad Acharya was a Nepalese politician, writer and journalist from Bhadrapur.Local News The Rising Nepal (Daily) He was elected to the parliament in the 1991 election as a Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) candidate in the Jhapa-1 constituency with 13721 votes (34.22%).Institute for Development Studies. Third General Election: Emerging Scenario.
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M. N. Roy, one of the founding fathers of Indian Communism as well as the Mexican Communist Party. He was a member of the Comintern. Through the 1920s and 1930s, many members of the Samiti began identifying with Communism and leftist ideologies. Many of them studied Marxist–Leninist literature while serving long jail sentences.
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The DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey refers to the Marxist-Leninist insurgency waged by the Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front (DHKP/C) against the Republic of Turkey, ongoing since 1990. The insurgency began with political assassinations in the early 1990s, and has escalated in the past few years with the use of suicide bombers.
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Yukta Prasad Vetwal is a Nepalese politician. He contested 1999 legislative election as a Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) candidate in the Jhapa-4 constituency. He was defeated by Minister of Foreign Affairs and Nepali Congress candidate Chakra Prasad Bastola by a margin of 26 votes. In total Vetwal got 15645 votes.
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This caused the Soviet government to give up support for the PLO. As a result the PLO began peace talks with Israel in 1991. These events, coupled with the growing Islamist trend in Palestinian society and militancy weakened the pro-Russian Palestinian militant groups, most of whom had taken on a hard Marxist–Leninist line.
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The Communist Party of Malaya/Marxist–Leninist was a splinter group of the Communist Party of Malaya. The CPM/ML was formed in August 1974. It conducted armed struggle against the Malaysian government, with bases in southern Thailand. The CPM/ML had a radio broadcast, called Suara Seorang Malaysia (Voice of a Malaysian).ClandestineRadio.
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Of the various threats cited in the Proclamation 1081 document as rationalizations for declaration of Martial Law, the most extensively described was the threat supposedly posed by Communist insurgents – specifically the newly formed Communist Party of the Philippines, a Maoist organization which had only recently broken off from the Marxist–Leninist Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas.
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When CPN(UML) was divided, Uprety joined the dissident Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist). He contested the 1999 legislative election as the CPN(ML) candidate in Taplejung-1, obtaining 1289 votes.Front Pagers May 24th, 1999 / Jestha 11, 2056 Awake Weekly Chronicle (Nepal) The election was won by CPN(UML) candidate Til Kumar Menyangbo Limbu.
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This side continued to identify itself as Marxist–Leninist. At the organization's 1991 Congress, the group's highest decision-making body, a document giving the FRSO's official position, "On the Crisis of Socialism", was adopted. It was reaffirmed at the 1997 Congress. The internal division continued throughout the 1990s until the organization split in 1999.
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The Communist Party of Ecuador – Red Sun (, or PCE-SR), also known as Puka Inti (Quechua for "Red Sun") is a small Marxist–Leninist–Maoist guerrilla organization in Ecuador. The group is largely constituted by former members of ¡Alfaro Vive, Carajo! The organization considers itself to be ideologically close to the Shining Path of Peru.
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Drake pp102Sandler pp10 In the 1970s, there were an estimated 50 Marxist or Leninist groups operating in Turkey, and an estimated 225 groups operating in Italy. Groups also began operations in Ireland and the United Kingdom.Alexander pp51-52 These groups were deemed a major threat by NATO and the Italian, German, and British governments.
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Marxist-Leninist League () was a communist group in Norway, existing during the beginning of the 1980s. MLF was formed by a nucleus of young activists that had left the Communist Workers League. MLF was politically close to the Party of Labour of Albania. MLF published Arbeideren and ran a bookstore with the same name.
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For Parry, the resulting society resembles an enormous prison. Parry wrote prior to the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917; he took Czarist Russia as his model and precedent for what his socialist prison-state would be like. Nonetheless, Parry made some surprisingly prescient forecasts of the excesses of Marxist/Leninist Communism to come.Compare Owen Gregory's Meccania.
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According to Red leader Torstein Dahle, Ormåsen has "harmed the party and brought into question what the party stood for." Serve the People launched an ideological campaign with the task of starting a new communist party after the collapse of AKP and changed their subtitle from "A Marxist-Leninist Group" to "Communist League" in 2009.
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Under the Derg regime, Marxist–Leninist philosophy was the guiding theme for all government systems. One of the first policy changes was the right of every citizen to free primary education. The educational system was geared to attainment of communist ideology. Eastern European governments provided policy advisors to develop a curriculum based on their systems.
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Horst Bartel (16 January 1928 – 22 June 1984) was a German historian and university professor. He was involved in most of the core historiography projects undertaken in the German Democratic Republic (1949–1989). His work on the nineteenth-century German Labour movement places him firmly in the mainstream tradition of Marxist–Leninist historical interpretation.
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Workers of the Soligorsk potash plant, 1968 The Soviet working class was, according to Marxist–Leninist theory, supposed to be the Soviet Union's ruling class during its transition from the socialist stage of development to full communism. However, it's commonly argued that its influence over production and policies diminished as the USSR's existence progressed.
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Its platform called for workers to be given a greater influence in the governing of society.Hubert Bauch, "Chasing votes on the political fringe," Montreal Gazette, 28 March 1981, A25. A 1978 advertisement also indicated that the party was not aligned with existing Marxist-Leninist or Trotskyist groups. See Le Devoir, 25 October 1978, p. 2.
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Haile Selassie was the last Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire. In 1974 a pro-Soviet Marxist–Leninist military junta, the "Derg", led by Mengistu Haile Mariam, deposed Haile Selassie and established a socialist republic. Haile Selassie was imprisoned and died in unclear circumstances, a rumor being that he was suffocated with an ether-soaked pillow.
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Kundan, Kumar (2003). Ideology and Political System. Discovery Publishing House. p. 90. The tenets of the Soviet Union's national policy of Marxist–Leninist atheism originated from the philosophies of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831) and Ludwig Feuerbach (1804–1872) as well as that of Karl Marx (1818–1883) and Vladimir Lenin (1870–1924).
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Instead, he wanted to promote a mass line. Thus, Reddy and the APCCCR were expelled from the AICCCR. In 1975, Unity Centre of Communist Revolutionaries of India (Marxist-Leninist) was formed through the merger of the APCCCR with three other smaller groups. T.N. Reddy worked as a leader of APCCCR until his death in 1976.
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Chang, Jung. (2003) Wild Swans: Three Daughters of China. Simon & Schuster. According to official CCP sources, the purpose of the Rectification Campaign was to give a basic grounding in the Marxist theory, and Leninist principles of party organization to the thousands of new members who had joined the CCP during its expansion after 1937.
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Ali Haydar Yıldız (born 1953 in Palu – d. 24 January 1973 in Tunceli) was a Kurdish political activist and a founding member of the far-left Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist (TKP/ML-TİKKO) insurgent organization in Turkey in 1972. Yıldız was shot and killed in a shoot-out with Turkish soldiers in 1973.
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Charu Majumdar (May 15, 1919 – July 28, 1972), was a Marxist-Leninist from India. Born in a progressive landlord family in Siliguri in 1918, he later formed the militant Naxalite cause. He also authored the historic accounts of the 1967 Naxalbari uprising and his writings have become the ideology which guides the Naxal movement.
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Srikakulam Naxal memorial tower A Naxal or Naxalite ()"Naxalite". Collins English Dictionary. is a member of any political organisation that claims the legacy of the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist), founded in Calcutta in 1969. The Communist Party of India (Maoist) is the largest existing political group in that lineage today in India.
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They adopted program that claimed that the ideology of the working class was 'Marxism-Leninism-Mao Zedong Thought'. Later in 1976, OCR(M-L) merged with the 'Pooya Group', forming the Union of Iranian Communists (Sarbedaran). OCR(M-L) is regarded as an early part of the current Communist Party of Iran (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist).
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Mahendra Prakash Singh Bhogta was twice the state legislative assembly member from Chatra from 1985 to 1995. He was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He died due to heart attack in 1997 by witnessing 10 dead Maoist of Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) killed by Maoist of Maoist Communist Centre of India.
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Nkrumaism (sometimes Consciencism) is an African socialist political ideology based on the thinking and writing of Kwame Nkrumah. Nkrumah, a pan-Africanist and Marxist–Leninist, served as Prime Minister of the Gold Coast (later Ghana) from 1952 until 1960 and subsequently as President of Ghana before being deposed by the National Liberation Council in 1966.
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Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) was the military wing of the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU), a Marxist–Leninist political party in Rhodesia. It participated in the Rhodesian Bush War against white minority rule of Rhodesia (modern Zimbabwe). ZIPRA was formed during the 1960s by the nationalist leader Jason Moyo, the deputy of Joshua Nkomo.
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On November 26, 1974, Alexander Spirkin became a Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. His principal works deal with the problems of consciousness and self-consciousness, worldview, and the subject matter, structure and functions of philosophy. Prof. Spirkin’s Fundamentals of Philosophy (1988; English translation 1990) expounding Marxist–Leninist philosophyviz., dialectical and historical materialism.
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Red fascism is a term equating Marxist–Leninist ideologies such as Stalinism and Maoism with fascism. Accusations that the leaders of the Soviet Union during the Stalin era acted as "Red fascists" were commonly stated by anarchists, left communists, social democrats and other democratic socialists as well as liberals and among right-wing circles.
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The naming conventions of communist parties became more diverse as the international communist movement was fragmented due to the Sino-Soviet split in the 1960s. Those who sided with China and Albania in their criticism of the Soviet leadership, often added words like 'Revolutionary' or 'Marxist- Leninist' to distinguish themselves from the pro-Soviet parties.
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Challenge remains in production today as a biweekly, issued under the same covers with its parallel Spanish language counterpart Desafío. The PLP also produces a semiannual theoretical magazine, The Communist. During 1963 and 1964, the PLP also produced a theoretical magazine called Marxist-Leninist Quarterly."Staff Report" in Progressive Labor Party: Hearings... pg. 4133.
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Adibhatla Kailasam was an Indian communist leader. Kailasam was one of the original leaders of the Srikakulam peasant uprising. Kailasam came from a landlord family of Kaarivalasa village in Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh. He joined the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) and he was elected to its central committee at the party congress in 1970.
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Most Awami League politicians and many from other parties joined BaKSAL, seeing no other way to retain any political power. The Jatiyo Samajtantrik Dal, Purba Banglar Sarbahara Party, Purbo Bangla Sammobadi Dal-Marxbadi-Leninbadi (East Bengal Communist Party Marxist–Leninist), East Pakistan Communist Party, and Bangladesh Communist Party (Leninist) did not join BaKSAL. According to political science professor Talukder Maniruzzaman, BaKSAL was in practice "the Awami League under a different name". BaKSAL was scheduled to officially replace the nation's other political organisations, whether those political parties agreed or not, and associations, on 1 September 1975.
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With a shared desire to defend an "orthodox" account of Marxism, from their differing perspective they both divided the opponents of this putative orthodoxy into the "idealists" and the "Machists". The term remained a signifier of Marxist-Leninist opprobrium from the 1920s through into the 1970s. This was shown by Alexander Maximov use of the term to criticise Boris Hessen in 1928. It can also be seen in Evald Ilyenkov's chapter on "Marxism against Machism as the Philosophy of Lifeless Reaction" in Leninist Dialectics and the Metaphysics of Positivism (1979).
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ORPC(ML) poster. Text at bottom reads "For the construction of ORPC(ML). For the reconstruction of the Communist Party"Organization for the Reconstruction of the Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist) (in Portuguese: Organização para a Reconstrução do Partido Comunista (Marxista-Leninista)) was a communist group in Portugal led by Francisco Martins Rodrigues. ORPC(ML) was formed in 1975.
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Marxist‒Leninist atheism and other adaptations of Marxian thought on religion enjoyed the official patronage of various one-party Communist states since 1917. The Bolsheviks pursued "militant atheism".Martin Amis; Koba the Dread; Vintage; 2003; pp.184-185 The Soviet leaders Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin energetically pursued the persecution of the Church through the 1920s and 1930s.
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Workers Party of the Netherlands (build-up organisation) (, abbreviated APN(o)) was a communist party in the Netherlands. APN(o) was founded in 1980, following a split from the Communist Workers Organisation (marxist-leninist) (KAO(ml)). It upheld the line of the Albanian Party of Labour after the Sino- Albanian split. It had an Hoxhaist ideology.
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In 1958, he created an institutional base for his research by founding the CEMI. In 1963, Che Guevara invited him to Cuba, where he participated in a "grand debate" on socialist economics. In 1966, Bettelheim was particularly interested in China. He helped the Union of Young Communists (Marxist–Leninist) with theoretical planning, without being directly affiliated with the organization.
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Many significant Marxist–Leninist–Maoist groups exist across Latin America, including the Communist Party of Brazil (Red Fraction), the Communist Party of Chile (Red Fraction), the Communist Party of Ecuador–Red Sun, the Maoist Organization for the Reconstitution of the Communist Party of Colombia and the Revolutionary Nucleus for the Reconstitution of the Communist Party of Mexico.
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Imprisoned after a violent uprising in 1935, he was released after World War II and later served briefly as a senator. He was the communist opposition to the Vargas Era in Brazil. In the 1980s, Prestes accused the Brazilian Communist Party of abandoning the Marxist-Leninist philosophy. He was removed from the leadership in 1980 and expelled in 1984.
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Nainakala Ojha (Nepali: नैनकला ओझा) is a Nepalese communist politician and member of the National Assembly. In 2018 she was elected unopposed in Province No. 1 for the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) with a four- year term. She is a founder member of the Taplejung All Nepal Women's Association (Akhil Nepal Mahila Sangha).
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Trotskyism has been criticised from various directions. In 1935, Marxist–Leninist Moissaye J. Olgin argued that Trotskyism was "the enemy of the working class" and "should be shunned by anybody who has sympathy for the revolutionary movement of the exploited and oppressed the world over."Olgin, Moissaye J. (1935) Trotskyism: Counter-Revolution in Disguise. New York: Workers Library Publishers.
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The takeover was engineered by members of the Ba'ath Party led by Michel Aflaq and Salah al-Din al-Bitar. He was overthrown in early 1966 by Marxist-Leninist military dissidents of the party led by General Salah Jadid. Since the Arab Spring of 2011, Bashar al- Assad's government has been involved in the ongoing Syrian civil war.
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Effectively the organisation faced a split, with Reddy leading his own APCCR as of 1971.Unity Centre of Communist Revolutionaries of India (Marxist-Leninist). Indian Revolutionary Movement – Some Lessons and Experiences; Political, Organisational and Movement Review 1967-88; Adopted by the First Regular Central Conference of UCCRI(ML), April 1989. Vijayawada: Red Flag Publications, 1989. p. 68-69.
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After the Soviet Union's invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968, the CPGB became to divide between Stalinists and Eurocommunists. The party suffered a series of splits. Various Maoist inclined elements left, the most significant forming the Communist Party of Britain (Marxist-Leninist). Later in 1977, other traditionalist pro-Russian elements left to form the New Communist Party.
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They raised the slogan "Where do the correct ideas come from? From practice or the study chamber?". In October a majority of around 60% left to form the Communist Party of the Netherlands (Marxist-Leninist) (KPN (ml)) with Monjé as their leader. KPN (ml) took with them BHW and Arbeidersmacht but lost their influence at the universities.
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Some Rotterdam veterans of the organization, among them Nico Schrevel, also left the movement. In the following years, KEN (ml) and KPN (ml) remained the only Marxist-Leninist groups with national organizations. In 1974 Tilburg-student Kees de Boer became the leader op KEN (ml). After 1976 under his leadership, the KEN (ml) took an obscure turn.
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FSP was founded on April 22, 1967 in Frankfurt am Main. It was the second Maoist group to emerge in West Germany. Unlike the secretive Marxist-Leninist Party of Germany, an earlier West German Maoist grouping, FSP was founded publicly. Ackermann, a former sergeant of the East German Volkspolizei, became first secretary of the Central Committee of the party.
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In 1998 CPN (UML) was torn by internal strife. Mainali and Bam Dev Gautam led a break-away group that was named Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist). CPN (ML) briefly joined a Nepali Congress government led by G.P. Koirala. In the 1999 parliamentary elections CPN (ML) failed miserably to challenge the domination of CPN (UML).
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Flag seen at demonstrations between 1968-71 in Montreal and the U.S.Flags of the World (retrieved on 31 July 2007) This is a Bibliography of the Front de libération du Québec. The Front de libération du Québec (FLQ; ) was a left- wing Québécois nationalist and Marxist-Leninist paramilitary group in Quebec, Canada.Gérard Pelletier. The October crisis.
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Communist Party of Labour () is a communist party in the Dominican Republic. The party was founded in 1980, after the split from the pro-Beijing Dominican Popular Movement (MPD). PCT upheld the political line of the Party of Labour of Albania. The party is an active member of the International Conference of Marxist-Leninist Parties and Organizations.
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In the 1980s, the CPB(M-L) came to support the Soviet Union again for a period, before dropping this line over Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms. More recently, the CPB(M-L) has developed a national line for Britain: "Rebuild Britain"; the party is strongly opposed to the European Union."Congress 2012". Communist Party of Britain (Marxist–Leninist).
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After Prime Minister Theresa May invoked Article 50 the Communist Party of Britain (Marxist–Leninist) issued a statement which called those who opposed the triggering of Article 50 after the British people voted in favour of Brexit as "enemies of the people". The statement also called for "taking control" of "our economy, our laws, our borders".
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The Union of Ethiopian Marxist–Leninist Organizations, known by its Amharic acronym Imaledih, was a coalition of communist organizations in Ethiopia active between 1977 and 1979.Milkias, Paulos. Ethiopia. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO, 2011. p. 427 Imaledih was intended as a pre-party formation, Imaledih was supposed function as the nucleus of new proletarian party.
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Ramnath Dhakal (, 20 December 1962 – 5 April 2015) was a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist). In the 2008 Constituent Assembly election he was elected from the Rupandehi-5 constituency, winning 11,080 votes. On 5 April 2015, Dhakal died of swine flu and other diseases at the Grande International Hospital in Kathmandu.
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Countries governed by Marxist–Leninist parties had protests against bureaucratic and military elites. In Eastern Europe, there were widespread protests that escalated particularly in the Prague Spring in Czechoslovakia. In response, the Soviet Union occupied Czechoslovakia, but the occupation was denounced by the Italian and French communist parties as well as the Communist Party of Finland.
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Manange sought political protection and found favour with Pashupati Shamsher JBR of Rastriya Prajatantra Party (RPP). He then joined Laxman Tharu's Federalist Socialist Party in 2011-12 (2068 BS). He joined RPP in early 2017. In the 2017 local elections, RPP and Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) (CPN UML) fielded joint candidates for Kathmandu city.
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In a further shift, the Hoyte government allowed for free and fair elections. The PPP is still committed to establishing a society based on Marxist–Leninist principles and "to build a socialist society and ultimately to construct a communist society". However, the PPP stopped calling for the establishment of a socialist state after the Revolutions of 1989.
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"They fought each other over > houses, cars, prostitutes, and bribes." (p. 289) Châu viewed Communism > negatively, but not in absolutist terms. While serving in the Việt Minh > during the late 1940s, Chau had admired his companions' dedication and > sacrifice, and the Communist self-criticism process; his break with them was > due to his disagreement with their Marxist–Leninist ideology.
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Tuluram Rajbanshi () is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist). He contested the 1994 legislative election in the Morang-1 constituency, standing against Nepali Congress candidate Girija Prasad Koirala. Rajbanshi came second with 12987 votes, against 21013 for Koirala.Election Commission of Nepal Rajbanshi is the Vice- Chairman of the Morang District Development Council.
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Kiran Gurung () is a Nepalese politician. He is a Central Committee member of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist).Central Committee Members In the 2008 Constituent Assembly election he was elected from the Tanahu-3 constituency, winning 14786 votes.Election Commission of Nepal In the Maoist led Government, Gurung was appointed as the Forest and Soil Conservation Minister.
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Basanta Kumar Nemwang is a Nepalese politician and Minister of Physical Infrastructure and Transport . He is Member of Parliament, belonging to the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist). Nemwang has contested the Panchthar-1 constituency in all three legislative elections held since 1991. His main opponent in all three elections have been Nepali Congress leader Dipak Prakash Baskota.
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The first Maoist party, which took the name of the old Communist Party of Switzerland (CPS), originated in Switzerland in 1963 René Luzern: "", in: ', 1965, p. 322–329 but later disintegrated. Some of its former members founded a successor organization, the , in 1964 in Lausanne. The Organization of Communists of Switzerland / Marxist–Leninist developed from the Centre in 1967.
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The Front de libération du Québec was a Marxist–Leninist group active in Canada in the 1960s and '70s, promoting socialist insurrection and an independent Quebec. They are known for over 160 bombings and other violent incidents that killed eight, and for the kidnap-murder of Quebec politician Pierre Laporte in 1970.Gérard Pelletier. The October crisis.
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The Provisional Office for Mass Organizational Affairs (, abbreviated POMOA) was a political organization in Ethiopia active between 1975 and 1979. POMOA functioned as a forum to involve different Marxist-Leninist organizations in the revolutionary process and to politicize and organize the masses.Tiruneh, Andargachew. The Ethiopian Revolution 1974–1987 : a Transformation from an Aristocratic to a Totalitarian.
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The same congress also made it illegal for children to serve as acolytes in churches or to be drawn into groups for home religious instruction.Dimitry V. Pospielovsky. A History of Soviet Atheism in Theory, and Practice, and the Believer, vol 1: A History of Marxist-Leninist Atheism and Soviet Anti-Religious Policies, St Martin's Press, New York (1987) p.
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Appalasuri represented coastal Andhra Pradesh in the committee.Hindustan Times: History of Naxalism The COC, CPI(ML) would also be torn apart by internal strife. In 1982 Appalasuri's COC, CPI(ML) faction merged with Bhowani Roy Chowdhury's West Bengal-based group, forming the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Party Unity.Singh, Prakash, The Naxalite Movement in India.
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At his hearing Bittelman emphasized the distinction between "teaching the Marxist-Leninist theory of social change, including the law of violent proletarian revolution" and "teaching the overthrow of a particular government by violence." The government's attempt to deport Bittelman ended unsuccessfully. A series of prosecutions and convictions of top Communist Party leaders under the 1940 Smith Act followed.
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When the CPN(UML) was divided in 1998, Pradhan sided with the break-away faction. She became chairperson of Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist).Nepalnews.com (newsflash) Arc278) However, in 2002 CPN(ML) merged back into CPN(UML).Nepalnews.com (newsflash) Arc329) At the 2003 7th conference of CPN(UML), Pradhan was reelected to the Central Committee.Nepalnews.
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Kenneth Cockrel, Jr. is the son of Kenneth Vern Cockrel (November 5, 1938 – April 25, 1989), a former Detroit city council member and attorney. He was a self-proclaimed Marxist-Leninist who died from a heart attack. Ken's mother was Carol Cockrel, a schoolteacher. He is a graduate of the St. Florian Church (Hamtramck, Michigan) High School.
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The MELS Movement of Botswana is a Marxist-Leninist communist party in Botswana without parliamentary representation. Themba Joina, a practicing lawyer, is the president of the organization.Weekend Post. The origins of MELS - The Great PhatshweMmegi Online Botswana silent on Manzunzu fraud charges The name MELS is derived from (Karl) Marx, (Friedrich) Engels, (Vladimir) Lenin and (Joseph) Stalin.
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Sher Bahadur Kunwor () is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist). In the 2008 Constituent Assembly election he was elected from the Achham-1 constituency, winning 21631 votes.Election Commission of Nepal. Constituent Assembly Election 2064 - List of Winning Candidates He is the current Member of National Assembly of Nepal representing Sudurpaschim Pradesh.
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Another particular achievement by Kaiser was the location and acquisition of the greater part of the reference libraries of Karl Marx und Friedrich Engels. During his more than two decades Kaiser also published numerous articles and books and built up a substantial reputation in the field of Marxist–Leninist scholarship. Additionally, in 1961 he received a professorship.
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The Nestor Paz Zamora Commission (Spanish: Comision Nestor Paz Zamora, CNPZ) was a militant Bolivian Marxist–Leninist organization which became publicly known in October 1990. It was named after Nestor Paz Zamora, the brother of Jaime Paz Zamora, who was then the president of Bolivia. Nestor Paz Zamora had participated in the 1970 guerrilla insurgency at Teoponte.
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The Communist Party of Brazil (, PCdoB) is a communist political party in Brazil. The PCdoB adheres to Marxist–Leninist theory. It has national reach and deep penetration in the trade union and students movements, but little representation in elected positions. PCdoB shares the disputed title of "oldest political party in Brazil" with the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB).
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The ministerial branch of the Social democrat party of Slovenia was minorized in April 1920, when the Slovenes joined ranks with other social-democrats turned Marxist–Leninist revolutionaries. Slovenes joined officially at the Second Congress, held in Vukovar in late April 1920. The congress was marked by opposing positions towards the concepts of the revolutionary and reformist currents.
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In the 1990s, Nepali-speaking Bhutanese peoples protested against the Bhutan government for democratization and language reforms. The government forcibly evicted the protesters, where they were put into refugee camps in eastern Nepal. Those who stayed have faced widespread discrimination. Inside the refugee camps, insurgent groups have sprung up, including the Communist Party of Bhutan (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist).
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Fiona Govan, "Cuba lays-off state workers in privatisation drive," The Telegraph, Jan 5, 2011.Workers World Party, "Cuba- Workers Central of Cuba (CTC)," Nov 13, 2013.Communist Party of Britain Marxist-Leninist, "Exclusive: Cuba, the unions, and the world," Jan/Feb 2016."Feature: Cubans stage massive rallies for May Day celebration," Xinhua, May 5, 2015.
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Nubar Ozanyan (, born Fermun Çırak, 1956–2017) was a Turkish-born Armenian radical communist revolutionary, who served as a commander in the militant Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist (TKP/ML). Fighting in several conflicts for the group, he eventually died in combat against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant during the Battle of Raqqa.
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The PC de C (M-L) and EPL suffered a major setback in 1990, when the majority of its cadres surrendered to the government. The members of this defeated faction regrouped themselves as the political organization Hope, Peace, and Liberty (ESPALI). Internationally, it is affiliated with the International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle).
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Andhra Pradesh Committee of Communist Revolutionaries was a communist group in Andhra Pradesh, India, led by Chandra Pulla Reddy. The group was formed through a split away from the original APCCR led by T. Nagi Reddy in 1971. In 1975 the organisation merged into the Communist Party of India (Marxist- Leninist) led by Satyanarayan Singh.Karat, Prakash.
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Marxism–Leninism has been widely criticised, particularly in its Stalinist and Maoist variants. From both left and right, Marxist–Leninist states have been regarded as totalitarian and authoritarian, most notably the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin, China under Mao Zedong, Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge and Romania under Nicolae Ceaușescu.Service, Robert (2007). Comrades!: A History of World Communism.
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Together with fellow former members he founded a new Marxist–Leninist party, but which quickly faded out after only a few years. In 1964, as Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Belgium, he visited China, delivering a speech at the Higher Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
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She led the Farmers Movement and was a member of Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist). She advocated for women, landless farmers and tribals in central and south Bihar. She lef the C.P.I. (ML) in 1995. She was a member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly from 1995 to 1998 and was elected to the 12th Lok Sabha in 1998.
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Dittrich was born in Reichenbach, Upper Lusatia, East Germany, only a few weeks after the partition of Germany, and grew up in Jena, East Germany. His father, a schoolteacher, was an adamant Marxist–Leninist. He also has a brother, Günther, who is three years younger. When Dittrich was 14, he was sent away to boarding school.
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Hinton first visited China in 1937. At the time, prevailing U.S. views of the Communist Party of China since the 1920s had alternated between uncertainty and hostility. Most U.S. "experts" on communism were baffled by the appeal of a Marxist-Leninist party to Asian peasants. Some diplomats considered the Communist Party of China "agrarian reformers" who labeled themselves revolutionaries.
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Abdullah Abdul Razzaq Badhib () (1931–1975) was an activist from Aden known as "the founder of Yemeni communism". In 1961 he founded the People's Democratic Union, which operated in both North and South Yemen and was the first Marxist- Leninist organization in the country. He became a government minister in Democratic Yemen (PDRY) following the Corrective Revolution of 1969.
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A 2008 issue of En Marcha. In the top right corner, a photo of Enver Hoxha shows the party's ideological orientation. This issue's main article is about May 1968. The Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Ecuador () is a Hoxhaist political party in Ecuador, founded August 1, 1964, following a split from the Communist Party of Ecuador.
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Hasina Miya () is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist). Following the 2008 Constituent Assembly election, she was selected by CPN (UML) from the Proportional Representation quota to represent the party in the assembly. Prior to becoming a Constituent Assembly member, Miya ran a bangle shop in Dulegauda, Tanahu District.
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In 1965, Bains founded the Internationalists in Ireland, while he was working as a lecturer in microbiology at Trinity College, Dublin.Trinity Tales: Trinity College Dublin in the Sixties edited by Sebastian Balfour, Laurie Howes, Michael De Larrabeiti and Anthony Weale. Lilliput Press,2009. (p. 265-66) In 1970, they renamed themselves the Communist Party of Ireland (Marxist–Leninist).
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Most of the programming during the communist era consisted of propaganda and news programs. Political programming predominated during this period. Features included Marxism-Leninism – an Ever-Young and Scientific Doctrine and Socialism and the Youth. The feature Leafing Through the Marxist-Leninist Press reviewed the journals of foreign communist parties allied to the Albanian Party of Labour.
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Khem Raj Nepali (Nepali: खेमराज नेपाली) is a Nepalese communist politician and member of the National Assembly. In 2018 he was elected in Province No. 1 for the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) with a two-year term. In 2013 he ran for the Constituent Assembly election for the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist).
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Communist Party of Bharat is a Naxalite splinter group of Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist). This party has a presence in West Bengal. The party was behind the agitationCommunist Party of Bharat in Singur and Nandigram. The party general secretary is Ranjan Chakraborty and Barnali MukherjeeIndian Express is the other leader working in mass fronts.
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According to Marxist–Leninist thought, the state is a repressive institution led by a ruling class. This class dominates the state and expresses its will through it. By formulating law, the ruling class uses the state to oppress other classes and forming a class dictatorship. However, the goal of the communist state is to abolish that said state.
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Euronymous was interested in totalitarian communist states such as the Soviet Union under Stalin and Romania under Nicolae Ceaușescu. He collected Eastern Bloc memorabilia, and in the '80s, he was a member of the Norwegian communist youth group Rød Ungdom, which was Marxist-Leninist at the time.Kevin Coogan: How Black Is Black Metal. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
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Singh contested the March 1985 election, and won the Hayaghat seat in the Bihar Legislative Assembly. He finished in first place amongst 22 candidates, obtaining 13,539 votes (21.30%).Election Commission of India. State Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of BIHAR Soon after the election, Singh's party merged into the Communist Organisation of India (Marxist–Leninist) (COI(ML)).
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MLKP was formed in September 1994, through the unification of Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist- Leninist - Hareketi (TKP/ML-Hareketi) and Communist Workers Movement of Turkey (TKİH). TKP/ML-Hareketi was the larger of the two. Both groups came from the pro-Albanian camp. The unity process of negotiations between the groups had started in 1989.
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Although the uprising was later violently suppressed, the HSĽS never fully regained its authority. The party ceased to exist after the liberation of Slovakia by Czechoslovak troops and by the Red Army in April–May 1945. Many of the party's members and supporters were prosecuted for war crimes during the Marxist-Leninist regime of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic.
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Organization of Communist Revolutionaries (Marxist–Leninist) () was an Iranian Maoist organization. It was formed in opposition to the Shah regime in Iran. OCR(M-L) was founded in 1970 and it advocated against policies of Nikita Khrushchev, describing them as 'Khrushchevian Revisionism'. Instead it supported Mao Zedong and his strategy of People’s war and Cultural Revolution in China.
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He had contested against his former associate Amarjeet Kushwaha of the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation and the sitting member Asha Devi of the Bharatiya Janata Party. In 2020 Bihar Assembly Election Janata Dal (United) denied the ticket to Kushwaha though he was winner in the last election from Ziradei seat on party ticket.
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At that conference the Anushilan Marxists assembled to launch their own party, the Revolutionary Socialist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) severing all links to the CSP. The first general secretary of the party was Jogesh Chandra Chatterji.Saha, Murari Mohan (ed.), Documents of the Revolutionary Socialist Party: Volume One 1938–1947. Agartala: Lokayata Chetana Bikash Society, 2001. p.
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Irlandsfronten ('The Ireland Front') was a Norwegian association for supporting the cause of Irish republicanism. The organization existed 1972-1982. Politically Irlandsfronten was dominated by people from the Socialist Left Party whereas its competitor, Irlandskomiteen, which was connected to Workers Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist). In November 1982, the two groups merged and formed the United Ireland Committee.
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Karl Obermann belonged to the German Democratic Republic's first generation of Marxist-Leninist historians. The focus of his work was on the history of Germany during the nineteenth century, and within that century he imputed particular importance to the defining events of 1848. He belonged to numerous national and international academic committees, notably of the East German Historical Association.
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Democratic Portugal–China Friendship Association (in Portuguese: Associação Democrática de Amizade Portugal-China) was an organization in Portugal, supporting closer relations between Portugal and People's Republic of China. The general secretary of ADAP-C was Carlos Ricardo. ADAP-C was linked to the Communist Party of Portugal (Marxist-Leninist) (PCP(m-l)). ADAP-C published Conhecer a China.
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The League aligned itself with the military rulers of the country. The organization succeeded in convincing militaries to adopt a Marxist-Leninist political discourse. During the rule of the People's Revolutionary Party of Benin, the erstwhile ligueurs represented the hardline radical factions within the system. The group was highly influential in the years of 1974-1975.
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Shevchenko graduated from high school in 1949 and in the same year was admitted to Moscow State Institute of International Relations. He studied Soviet law, Marxist, Leninist and Stalinist theory and trained to become a foreign service diplomat. He married Lina Leongina, a fellow student, in 1951. He graduated in 1954, but continued his studies as a graduate student.
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Punakaarti and Lokakuu papers published by MLR Marxist–Leninist Groups () were the central organization of Finnish Maoists. The MLR were active from 1973 until 1979. They had supporters in a few cities but they always remained a small current with fewer than 200 members. The MLR had close contacts with the Chinese Communist Party and other Nordic Maoist parties.
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Robert Hue sought to transform and renew the party. In his book Communisme : la mutation, he condemned the Soviet Union, in particular its rejection of individualism, human rights and liberal democracy. Under Hue the party embarked on a process called la mutation. La mutation included the thorough reorganization of party structure and move away from Marxist-Leninist dogma.
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Socialist democracy is a form of democracy. It includes ideologies such as council communism, democratic socialism and social democracy as well as Marxist democracy like the dictatorship of the proletariat. It was embodied in the Soviet system (1917–1991). Socialist democracy can also be a political system as it was in the case of soviet democracy or a system of political party organization like democratic centralism, or a form of democracy espoused by political parties or groups that support Marxist–Leninist one-party states.
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The July Theses () is a name commonly given to a speech delivered by Romanian leader Nicolae Ceaușescu on July 6, 1971, before the Executive Committee of the Romanian Communist Party (PCR). Its full name was Propuneri de măsuri pentru îmbunătățirea activității politico-ideologice, de educare marxist- leninistă a membrilor de partid, a tuturor oamenilor muncii ("Proposed measures for the improvement of political-ideological activity, of the Marxist-Leninist education of Party members, of all working people"). This quasi-MaoistCioroianu, p. 489.Liiceanu, p. xviii.
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The PDPA started reforms along Marxist–Leninist and Soviet lines. The reforms and the PDPA's affinity to the Soviet Union were met with strong resistance by the population, especially as the government attempted to enforce its Marxist policies by arresting or executing those who resisted. Between 50,000 and 100,000 people were estimated to have been arrested and killed by communist troops in the countryside alone. Due to the repression, large parts of the country, especially the rural areas, organized into open revolt against the PDPA government.
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Chakraborty worked in the Eastern Railway hawkers union led by Left politics. He was associated with the Communist Party of India before 1967 and later joined the Communist Party of India (Marxist). In the early 70s in West Bengal, he maintained his contacts with Naxal leaders but did not leave the CPI(M). Next three decades, he was attached with Revolutionary Democratic Front (RDF) and various fractions of the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) as well as civil society movement in West Bengal.
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The party was founded in 2002. It was formed by an electoral alliance of the original Workers' Party (pro-Mao, Marxist-Leninist) and the pro-Trotsky Revolution group, with the intention of fielding candidates in the 2002 New Zealand general election. The party was unregistered, and so could not contest the party vote in New Zealand's Mixed Member Proportional electoral system. In 2004, the original Workers' Party and Revolution merged to become the Revolutionary Workers' League (RWL), which describes itself as a "Marxist current".
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In the first multiparty elections in many of these countries, various parties portrayed themselves as representatives of "the people" against the "elite", representing the old governing Marxist-Leninist parties. The Czech Civic Forum party for instance campaigned on the slogan "Parties are for party members, Civic Forum is for everybody". Many populists in this region claimed that a "real" revolution had not occurred during the transition from Marxist-Leninist to liberal democratic governance in the early 1990s and that it was they who were campaigning for such a change. The collapse of Marxism-Leninism as a central force in socialist politics also led to a broader growth of left-wing populism across Europe, reflected in groups like the Dutch Socialist Party, Scottish Socialist Party, and German's The Left party.
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Following the elections, it was decided that CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) would get chief ministers in Province No. 1, Bagmati Pradesh, Gandaki Pradesh and Province No. 5, and CPN (Maoist Centre) would get chief ministers in Karnali Pradesh and Sudurpashchim Pradesh. The party also won a two-thirds majority in the National Assembly. Following the formation of the Federal Parliament of Nepal, parliamentary party leader of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist), Khadga Prasad Oli was sworn in as Prime Minister on 15 February 2018. The merger of the two parties was initially announced for 22 April 2018, to coincide with the formation of the original Communist Party of Nepal in 1949, but the unification was put on hold citing insufficient time to sort out remaining issues.
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In the first multiparty elections in many of these countries, various parties portrayed themselves as representatives of "the people" against the "elite", representing the old governing Marxist-Leninist parties. The Czech Civic Forum party for instance campaigned on the slogan "Parties are for party members, Civic Forum is for everybody". Many populists in this region claimed that a "real" revolution had not occurred during the transition from Marxist-Leninist to liberal democratic governance in the early 1990s and that it was they who were campaigning for such a change. The collapse of Marxism-Leninism as a central force in socialist politics also led to a broader growth of left-wing populism across Europe, reflected in groups like the Dutch Socialist Party, Scottish Socialist Party, and German's The Left party.
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The Martyr Nubar Ozanyan Brigade (, , ) is an Armenian military organization in Syria and a part of the Syrian Democratic Forces. The brigade was founded in the Marziya Church in Tell Goran on 24 April 2019, the 104th anniversary of the Armenian Genocide. The brigade is named after Nubar Ozanyan, a Turkish- born Armenian Marxist-Leninist revolutionary, who was commander of TİKKO, the armed wing of the Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist-Leninist (TKP-ML), in Syria during the 2017 battle of Raqqa, in which he was killed in action. The brigade stated that its goals are to defend the Armenian people, language, and culture, and all peoples of Rojava from ISIL and the Turkish state, which it described as the "current representatives of the fascist Union and Progress Committee".
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In the 20th century, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) continued regarding itself as the institutionalisation of Marxist–Leninist political consciousness in the Soviet Union; therein lay the justification for its political control of Soviet society. Article 6 of the 1977 Soviet Constitution refers to the CPSU as the "leading and guiding force of Soviet society, and the nucleus of its political system, of all state organizations and public organizations". The CPSU, precisely because it was the bearer of Marxist–Leninist ideology, determined the general development of society, directed domestic and foreign policy, and "imparts a planned, systematic, and theoretically substantiated character" to the struggle of the Soviet people for the victory of communism. Nonetheless, the political role of the vanguard party, as outlined by Lenin, is disputed among the contemporary communist movement.
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Because the PCMLV espouses the Marxist–Leninist ideals of building a vanguard party and focusing on the eventual seizure of political power in the form of the dictatorship of the proletariat, they do not directly participate in Venezuelan electoral politics. However, they support the Bolivarian Revolution as they believe it is a necessary step in combating imperialism. The PCMLV views the political situation in Venezuela to be a positive force for creating space that allows their party to construct the foundations for building revolutionary socialism. The political goal of the PCMLV is not to supersede the United Socialist Party of Venezuela as the country's ruling party, rather they wish to invoke Marxist–Leninist theory and practice into the existing Bolivarian process in order to "find the road to the genuine revolution and socialism".
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The Organization for the Reconstruction of the Communist Party of Greece (OAKKE) is a Greek political organization of Marxist - Leninist - Maoist ideology. It was founded on July 20, 1985, by former members of EKKE – MLKKE party (EKKE was the “Revolutionary Communist Movement of Greece” and MLKKE was the “Marxist – Leninist Communist Party of Greece”, both of maoist orientation), who left the party in June of that year. In the formation of OAKKE took part namely the whole Party Organisation of Piraeus of EKKE – MLKKE, all the members of EKKE - MLKKE who, before the unification of the two parties in 1982 were members of EKKE except for two, and some other members and cadres of EKKE - MLKKE emanating from the pre-1982 MLKKE from the rest of the country.
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Even throughout the Soviet period, there was a major split among Russian sociologists on whether to focus on Marxist-Leninist sociology (see also Soviet Marxism) or the more general sociology of science. The Marxist-Leninist approach, often supported by the Party, usually triumphed – until the fall of the Soviet Union. Since then, lacking institutional support, it has begun to lose its dominant status, leading to increasingly visible splits and conflicts within Russian sociology. According to Romanovsky and Toshchenko, sociologists in Russia have since broadened their study, in terms of both topics and geography. In 2009 D. G. Podvoiskii noted that "in today’s Russian society, the status of sociology is extremely low", noting that neither the general public nor policymakers know much about sociology, nor do they care for sociologists' input.
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Revolutionary Marxist Party of India (RMPI) is a communist political party in India.Revolutionary Marxist Party of India Official site of RMPI The party is formed as the merger of Kerala-based Revolutionary Marxist Party along with other parties like CPM Punjab, CPM Haryana, Chandigarh Marxist Party, Himachal Marxist Party, Chhattisgarh Marxist Party, Tamil Nadu Marxist Party, Andhra Marxist Party, West Bengal Marxist Party, and Delhi Marxist Party. The leaders of RMPI are Mangat Ram Pasla and K.K. Rema.
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Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev, who sought to end the Cold War between the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact and the United States-led NATO and other its other Western allies, in a meeting with President Ronald Reagan Social resistance to the policies of Marxist–Leninist regimes in Eastern Europe accelerated in strength with the rise of the Solidarity, the first non-Marxist–Leninist controlled trade union in the Warsaw Pact that was formed in the People's Republic of Poland in 1980. In 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev rose to power in the Soviet Union and began policies of radical political reform involving political liberalisation, called perestroika and glasnost. Gorbachev's policies were designed at dismantling authoritarian elements of the state that were developed by Stalin, aiming for a return to a supposed ideal Leninist state that retained one-party structure while allowing the democratic election of competing candidates within the party for political office. Gorbachev also aimed to seek détente with the West and end the Cold War that was no longer economically sustainable to be pursued by the Soviet Union.
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GEFONT itself was established in 1989 by the Nepal Independent Workers Union, the Independent Transport Workers Association of Nepal, the Nepal Independent Hotel Workers Union and the Trekking Workers Association of Nepal. At the time of its foundation it functioned as the trade union wing of the then underground Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist- Leninist). The federation played an active role in the 1990 Jana Andolan. When CPN(ML) merged with the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) to form CPN(UML), the trade union of CPN(M), Nepal Trade Union Centre, merged into GEFONT.
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Strachey assisted the publisher Victor Gollancz and Harold Laski in founding the Left Book Club in 1936. As the author of The Coming Struggle for Power (1932), and a series of other significant works, Strachey was one of the most prolific and widely read British Marxist-Leninist theorists of the 1930s. He wrote what the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ODNB) calls “the most influential popularisations of Marxism that were ever published in English”. He criticised the economics of John Maynard Keynes from a Marxist perspective before himself becoming a Keynesian.
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Since the mid-19th century, Marxism and Marxism–Leninism overtook utopian socialism in terms of intellectual development and number of adherents. At one time almost half the population of the world lived under regimes that claimed to be Marxist. Currents such as Saint-Simonianism and Fourierism attracted the interest of numerous later authors but failed to compete with the now dominant Marxist, Proudhonist, or Leninist schools on a political level. It has been noted that they exerted a significant influence on the emergence of new religious movements such as spiritualism and occultism.
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Erola responded that she had never called Rodriguez a Marxist, but acknowledged that her campaign literature had drawn attention to what she described as similarities between his political views and those of the Marxist-Leninist Party. See Mary Trueman, "Bad feeling lingers in defeated MP after Erola rides upset into Cabinet", The Globe and Mail, 5 March 1980, P9. After leaving office Rodriguez returned to a high school principal position.Richard Cleroux, "Erola may be loser as Tories ride trend in Northern Ontario", The Globe and Mail, 25 August 1984, P1.
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On 24 July, the Communist Party of India, the Communist Party of India (Marxist), the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation, the All India Forward Bloc, the Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist) and the Revolutionary Socialist Party decided to run in all constituencies on a join ticket citing its call for an alternative platform. The CPI will contest 91 seats, while the CPI—ML, CPI(M), SUCI, Forward Bloc and RSP will contest 78, 38, 6, 5 and 3 seats, respectively. CPI released its first list of 81 candidates on 16 September 2015.
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Souren Bose (25 June 1924 – 17 August 1997) was one of the founders of the Naxalite movement in India and an influential figure in the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)). At the congress of the CPI(M) in 1967 he questioned the absence of a portrait of Mao Zedong at the conference venue. When the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) was formed, he joined the new party. Bose travelled to China, and was one of very few Indian Maoists that had direct meetings with the Chinese leadership.
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The Communist Party of Australia (Marxist–Leninist) (CPA (M-L)) is an Australian communist organisation which describes its ideology as being influenced by the works of Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin, Mao and Ted Hill. The party formed in 1964 as a pro-China split from the Communist Party of Australia. The theory of the party is unique among Australian Marxist–Leninists due to its belief that a revolution to achieve national independence from primarily United States imperialism is an essential step in the struggle to achieve socialism in Australia.
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In 1971, SAVAK arrested and executed most of members of the MEK, including senior members and co-founders. Vahid Afrakhteh This led to Marxist members joining the organization, including Majid Sharif Vaquefi in 1972, and Taghi Sahram in 1973. Other Peykar leaders included Bahram Aram, Torab Hghshenas, Aireza Sepasi Ashtiani, Rahman Vahid Afrakhteh, Foad Rohani, Hasan Alapoush, and Mahboobeh Mottahedin. Reforms within the MEK started at this time, with Taghi Shahram, Hossein Rohani, and Torab Haqshenas playing key roles in creating the Marxist–Leninist MEK that would later become Peykar.
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Sihanouk spoke out against the Cambodian Marxist–Leninists; although he was an ally of China's Marxist–Leninist government and admitted Marxism–Leninism's capacity to bring swift economic development and social justice, he also warned of its totalitarian character and its suppression of personal liberty. In January 1962, Sihanouk's security services cracked down further on Cambodia's socialists, incarcerating Pracheachon's leaders and leaving the party largely moribund. In July, Samouth was arrested, tortured and killed. Nuon Chea had also stepped back from his political activities, leaving open Sâr's path to become party leader.
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Semi-independent organizations such as the African Blood Brotherhood with its divergent Afro-Marxist political theories were anathema to the Comintern and its Soviet leaders, who believed all communist and Marxist–Leninist organizations should be unified in a single communist party and platform in each nation under Moscow's overall direction and control. In the early 1920s the African Blood Brotherhood was dissolved, with its members merged into the Workers Party of America and later into the American Negro Labor Congress. Many early ABB members, however, went on to be key CP cadres for decades.
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The British far-right organisation, the National Front booked Conway Hall in Red Lion Square for a meeting to take place on 15 June 1974. A counter-demonstration was called by the London Area Council of Liberation (formerly the Movement for Colonial Freedom). This counter-demonstration attracted support from groups not directly under the control of Liberation, including the International Marxist Group (IMG), the Communist Party of England (Marxist-Leninist) and the International Socialists (later the Socialist Workers Party). The counter-demonstration assembled on the Embankment and marched to Red Lion Square without incident.
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Left communism, or the communist left, is a position held by the left wing of communism, which criticises the political ideas and practices espoused by Marxist–Leninists and social democrats. Left communists assert positions which they regard as more authentically Marxist than the views of Marxism–Leninism espoused by the Communist International after its Bolshevization by Joseph Stalin and during its second congress.Non-Leninist Marxism: Writings on the Workers Councils (2007) (includes texts by Herman Gorter, Antonie Pannekoek, Sylvia Pankhurst and Otto Rühle). St. Petersburg, Florida: Red and Black Publishers. .
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He said that the party would give citizens control over the selection of parliamentarians, who could be recalled by the electorate if they did not act in the interest of the people. The Renewal Party also favoured direct democracy initiatives such as referendums and ballot propositions.Ian Timberlake, "Marxists on Renewal party's slate," Windsor Star, 24 September 1993, A3. Cruise was himself a candidate of the Marxist-Leninist Party in 1993, and he launched his campaign in partnership with two Renewal candidates from neighbouring ridings (both of whom later officially registered as Marxist-Leninists).
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Naxalites are a group of far-left radical communists, supportive of Maoist political sentiment and ideology. Their origin can be traced to the splitting in 1967 of the Communist Party of India (Marxist), leading to the formation of the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist). Initially the movement had its centre in West Bengal. In recent years, it has spread into less developed areas of rural central and eastern India, such as Chhattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh through the activities of underground groups like the Communist Party of India (Maoist).
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In 1970 the Slavic Review noted that in the 1960s new challenges arose in identifying communist parties and movements, with the scene having become "more confused by the appearance of Marxist- oriented-guerrilla and 'New Leftist' movements which also might be designated 'Communist'." The authors coped with the multiplicity and divergence of communist branches by focussing their coverage on those self-described as Marxist–Leninist and those recognized by authoritative Communist publications, such as the World Marxist Review. However, the editors did still not "face up to (...) the concept of the 'international Communist movement.'" Similarly Karl Schmitt writing for The Hispanic American Historical Review in 1972 also shared his concerns that the definition of communist parties had become inadequate.
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Pierre Dubuc completed studies in political science at the Université de Montréal. He eventually became active within the Marxist- Leninist movement En lutte!. He departed the group later in the 1970s, finding it not enough to the left, to join the Union bolchévique. Dubuc founded in 1984, the monthly paper called L'aut'journal, of which he is now director and editor.
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The party registered itself with the Election Commission of India as the 'Marxist-Leninist Party of India (Red Flag)' in 2017.The Pioneer. Public Notice The party contested three seats in the 2019 Indian general election; Shankar Badade in Palghar (11,917 votes), B.Basavalingappa in Koppal (1,609 votes) and Vilas Hiwale in Mumbai North (489 votes).Election Commission of India. 34.
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86 The party had its roots in the Andhra Committee, that had broken away from the Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) in 1976. The new party was formed by the merger with the Kothandaraman grouping in Tamil Nadu. The new party resolved to continue armed struggle whilst engaging in mass movements. The party renounced participation in electoral politics.
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Mao felt that the Short Course best combined the teachings of Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin as well as being a blue print to applying communist ideals in the real world. China was continuing to grow into a Marxist–Leninist state and that fully happened in 1949, making almost one third of the population of the world under the rule of Marxism–Leninism.
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In the political terminology of the former Soviet Union, the socialist-leaning countries () were the post-colonial Third World countries which the Soviet Union recognized as adhering to the ideas of socialism in the Marxist–Leninist understanding. As a result, these countries received significant economic and military support.Trenin, Dmitri (2011). Post-Imperium: A Eurasian Story. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. p. 144.
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Founding congress of PCUd'I, May 1977Unified Communist Party of Italy (in Italian: Partito Comunista Unificato d'Italia) is a political party in Italy. PCUd'I was founded at a congress in Rome in May 1977.Peking Review, No. 25 June 17, 1977 p. 29 PCUd'I was formed through a merger of the Communist Organization of Italy (Marxist-Leninist) and two smaller groups.
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In the 2015 Bihar Assembly Elections, AIMIM has fielded Adil Hasan Azad who is a well known Lawyer from this assembly constituency. In this election Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation candidate Mahbub Alam won Balrampur assembly seat defeating his nearest BJP rival Barun Kumar Jha. JD(U) candidate Dulal Chandra Goswami of JDU got third position in this seat.
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Beness Aijo (, Benes Hristoforovich Ayo, born 8 June 1979 in Rēzekne, Latvian SSR), sometimes nicknamed the Black Lenin (), is a Latvian communist and national bolshevik of Russian/Ugandan origin. He has been active in the National Bolshevik Party since 1998.Геополитика с Айо Бенесом. Часть 1 Aijo is also a member of the Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist–Leninist).
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He was also writing for the magazine Revista Avance and the weekly paper Otro. In the 1930s, he wrote for Directorio Estudiantil Revolucionario where he crystallized his Marxist-Leninist beliefs. Roa entered the Ala Izquierda Estudiantil in 1931. In this organization, much more radical, he positions himself more clearly on the necessity of the fight for the sovereignty of Cuba and against imperialism.
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Rusli accompanies Kartini to the police station to identify Hasan's body. :According to literary scholar Boen S. Oemarjati, Rusli was inspired by one of Mihardja's friends in Bandung. Hendrik Maier, professor of southeast Asian literature at the University of California, Riverside, characterizes Rusli as the most balanced of the main protagonists. ;Kartini :Kartini is a young Marxist- Leninist who Rusli introduces to Hasan.
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While the terms have been conflated at times, communism has come in common parlance and in academics to refer to Soviet-type regimes and Marxist–Leninist ideologies whereas socialism has come to refer to a wider range of differing ideologies which are distinct from Marxism–Leninism.Roberts, Andrew (2004). The State of Socialism: A Note on Terminology. Cambridge University Press. 63 (2). 349–366.
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Kul Prasad Nepal () is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist). In April 2008, he won the Palpa-3 seat in the Constituent Assembly election.Nepalnews.com, news from Nepal as it happens Elected to the Constituent Assembly from constituency no. 2 of Palpa, CA member Kul Prasad Nepal is a member of CPN-UMLs district committee.
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Khrushchevism was not only a phenomenon in the Soviet Union, as it was initially admired in China and Mao sought to model the Chinese Marxist–Leninist state upon principles developed by Khrushchevism; but disputes with the Soviet Union later ended friendly relations between Mao and Khrushchev.Robert F. Miller, Ferenc Féhér. Khrushchev and the communist world. Kent, England, UK; Fyshwick, Australia: Croom Helm Ltd.
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Janakiya Samskarika Vedi (Malayalam for 'Democratic Cultural Forum') was the cultural mass front of the Central Reorganisation Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) in Kerala, India, 1980-1982. The predecessor of the organisation was the Wynadu Samskarika Vedi from Wynad. The State Secretary of the organisation was Kaviyur Balan. After its formation in 1980, the organisation took over the organ Prerana.
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At odds with the "revisionists" of the CPGB, Birch left the party soon afterwards. With comrades from the AEU and others, he formed the Communist Party of Britain (Marxist–Leninist) (CPB (M-L)) in 1968. Birch continued to help to organise various strikes, including the 1971 Ford strike. He met Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Enver Hoxha on visits to China and Albania.
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Despite this Neto pushed his party toward socialism as opposed to communism. This caused a movement to develop inside the party known as Fractionism, which attempted to make the party more heavily Marxist-Leninist. This resulted in Nito Alves, the main proponent of Fractionism, to attempt a coup in 1977 against Neto. The coup was a failure and Nito Alves was executed.
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Countries governed by a single Marxist–Leninist party that have made an attempt to abolish capitalism and/or aims to implement socialism are socialist countries that are referred to as communist states. Some of these socialist states use the title of people's republic. A number of republics with liberal democratic political systems such as Algeria and Bangladesh also adopted the title.
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The Communist Organization of Greece is a member of the International Conference of Marxist-Leninist Parties and Organizations (ICMLPO),List of participants in the 8th ICMLPO a founding member of the Conference of Communist and Workers' Parties of the Balkans (CCWPB)List of participants in the CCWPB and a founding member of the Anti-Imperialist Space in the European Social Forum.
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Ananda Dev Bhatta () is a Nepali literaturist and politician, belonging to the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist). He is the President of the Progressive Writers' Movement. Education Bhatta completed his Master's degree in English Literature in 1960 in Patna University, India. He received his post-graduate diploma from The University of Leeds in West Yorkshire, England in 1982.
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Bombay: Popular Prakashan, 1992. p. 144 In November 1986 the group took the initiative to form the Front against Repression and Communalism together with the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Central Team, to combat Khalistani terrorism and state repression. The UCCRI(ML) of Harbhajan Sohi was integral in the formation of the Centre of Communist Revolutionaries of India in 1988.
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Contrary to the Leninist vanguard model employed by the Bolsheviks, the theory of the mass line holds that party must not be separate from the popular masses, either in policy or in revolutionary struggle. To conduct a successful revolution the needs and demands of the masses must be told to the party so that the party can interpret them with a Marxist view.
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In March 1979, the Marxist–Leninist New Jewel Movement overthrew Gairy's government in a popular bloodless coup d'état and established the People's Revolutionary Government (PRG), headed by Maurice Bishop as Prime Minister. Bishop was later executed by military hardliners, prompting a U.S.-led invasion in October 1983. Since then democratic governance has been restored and the island has remained politically stable.
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He finished in third place with 13,079 votes (12.88%). Sethy joined the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation in 2002.Liberation. “Saffron Fascists, Quit India” As of 2008, he was an Orissa State Committee member of the CPI(ML) Liberation.Liberation. Fact-Finding Report on Kandhamal SituationBizOdisha. Left –Socialist front should replace Congress and BJP’s pro-liberal economic rule The New Indian Express.
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Movement for Peace and Socialism (, MPS) is a Marxist-Leninist political party in Italy, founded 30 November 1986 by retired NATO general and senator Nino Pasti. Pasti served as MPS president, taking special interest in the struggle against nuclear weapons, until his death in 1992. The party is currently led by Roberto Gabriele, but is said to be largely moribund.
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Communist Workers' Party – For Peace and Socialism (, KTP) is a political party in Finland. It was founded in 1988 to secure the existence of an independent Marxist–Leninist party. Since it was founded, it has not gained seats in the Parliament of Finland, and as a result it has been removed from the Finnish party register and re-registered multiple times.
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Redhack (Kızıl Hackerlar, Kızıl Hackerlar Birliği), is a Turkish Marxist- Leninist computer hacker group founded in 1997. The leader is MaNYaK '. The group has claimed responsibility for hacking institutions which include the Council of Higher Education, Turkish police forces, the Turkish Army, Türk Telekom, and the National Intelligence Organization and many other websites. The group's core membership is said to be twelve.
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Meskerem was a communist theoretical publication published in Ethiopia, issued by the Ideological Department of the Central Committee of the Commission for Organizing the Party of the Working People of Ethiopia. The goal of Meskerem was to relate Marxist-Leninist theory to objective conditions in Ethiopia.Keller, Edmond J. Revolutionary Ethiopia: From Empire to People's Republic. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991. p.
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Muskom was the Central Commissariat of Muslim affairs in Inner Russia and Siberia set up by the Bolsheviks in January 1918 as part of Narkomnats.The case of Sultan-Galiyev: the Marxist-Leninist Research Bureau Report No.3; (1995). Mullanur Waxitov was appointed as chair, although he was not a member of the Communist Party. Mirsäyet Soltanğäliev served as the representative of the Bolsheviks.
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The New Left emerged in Latin America, a group which sought to go beyond existing Marxist–Leninist efforts at achieving economic equality and democracy to include social reform and address issues unique to Latin America such as racial and ethnic equality, indigenous rights, the rights of the environment, demands for radical democracy, international solidarity, anti-colonialism, anti-imperialism and other aims.
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The daughter of Serbian immigrants, Janja Lalich was born in 1945. Lalich has a Ph.D. in Human and Organizational Systems from Fielding Graduate University in Santa Barbara, California. Beginning in the 1970s, Lalich spent around ten years as part of a radical Marxist-Leninist group, the Democratic Workers Party in California. She later came to believe the group was itself a cult.
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The ODNB does not mention the cremation. In January 1937, British, Irish and Dominion volunteers in the International Brigades were formed into an English-speaking battalion, that was formally named after Saklatvala. However the name never caught on and it was normally known as the "British Battalion". The Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist–Leninist)'s hall is named after Shapurji Saklatvala.
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Mr. Shih Wing Ching was raised in Shanghai and came to Hong Kong when he was two. In a tight worker's quarters the family of six squeezed. He began working after school at the age of eight, to raise family revenue. He believed in the Marxist-Leninist ideology when in Secondary Four, and was thrown out of school for becoming a student protester.
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The League of Communists or Communist League () is a Finnish Marxist-Leninist political organization. The League of Communists was founded in 14.9.2002 by the Communists who were expelled from the For Peace and Socialism - Communist Workers Party (KTP). The organization was at first known as, plainly, Communists (Kommunistit) but the name was changed to its current form during the registration process.
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Urmila Aryal () is a Nepalese politician. She is an alternate member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist). Aryal came second in the Parsa-4 seat in the 1994 legislative election with 9288 votes, losing to Nepali Congress candidate Ramesh Rijal. In 1999 legislative election she defeated Rijal, winning the seat with 17095 votes.
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The Communist Party (Partito Comunista, PC) is an Italian political party of Marxist–Leninist inspiration, founded in 2009. It defines itself as "the revolutionary political vanguard organization of the working class in Italy". Since 2013, it is part of the Initiative of Communist and Workers' Parties (INITIATIVE), of which it is one of the founder parties and still the representative for Italy.
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Shankar Pokhrel () (born 1964) is the first Chief Minister of Province No. 5, one of seven federal states in Nepal.He was elected as the central secretary of Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) from 1998 to 2008. He was also appointed as Minister for Information and Communications. He has also worked as Kathmandu Valley Committee member of CPN-UML.
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Mukunda Neupane () is a Nepalese trade unionist and politician, a Central Committee member of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist- Leninist).Nepalnews.com (newsflash) Arc594 Neupane is the president of the General Federation of Nepalese Trade Unions. Neupane was born in the Koshi Zone, but moved to the Terai at the age of 17. In 1971 he joined the militant peasants movement.
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Twenty-four candidates appeared on the ballot as independents in the 2003 provincial election in Ontario, Canada. Of these, ten were Independent Renewal candidates affiliated with the Communist Party of Canada (Marxist-Leninist), one was an Independent Reformer, and one a member of the Communist League. The other eleven appear to have been fully independent candidates, unaligned with any registered or unregistered party.
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Jagdish Mahto was a naxal leader who led the Bhojpur rebellion of 1970s in a landlord dominated "Ekwaari" region of Bihar. Mahto was also known as "Master Saheb" among his villagers.He was a member of Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation, an organisation which was leading an armed struggle against the upper caste landlords for the cause of lower castes.
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The Revolutionary Antifascist Patriotic Front (FRAP) (Frente Revolucionario Antifascista y Patriota, sometimes also called Frente Revolucionario Antifascista y PatrióticoPierre Celhay, Consejos de guerra en España. Ruedo Iberico. Paris) was a radical Spanish Anti-Francoist, Marxist–Leninist revolutionary organization that operated in the 1970s. This group was initially inspired by the success of the student demonstrations of May 1968 in France.
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PCdoB originally established itself as an organization historically linked to the Marxist-Leninist tradition of the Communist International. Its political and ideological identity was consolidated as opposing the so-called 1960s "revisionism", identified with the directions taken by the USSR after the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. PCdoB then aligned itself with Maoism."Communist Party of Brazil". Photius.
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The role of the Central Committee in decision-making was strengthened, and the role of the Politburo as a supreme organ was weakened. Inner-party accountability was strengthened. The Eighth Five-Year Plan of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam was approved at the congress, renewed its Marxist–Leninist credentials and emphasized the need to continue to improve the socialist-oriented market economy.
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Kavita Krishnan is Secretary of the All India Progressive Women's Association (AIPWA). Krishnan is also a member of the politburo of the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (CPI-ML), and the editor of its monthly publication, Liberation. She is a women's rights activist who has publicised the problem of violence against women following the 2012 Delhi gang rape of Nirbhaya.
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He played an active role in Jayaprakash Narayan's movement prior to the Emergency period (1975–1977), and therefore was jailed for eleven months, during the emergency period. He was strongly influenced by Leninist-Marxist ideology. This was one of the reasons that he never found patronage from the mainstream political establishments. He died in 1998 at the age of 87 in Darbhanga.
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McCarthy met with Marxist-Leninist revolutionary Che Guevara in New York City in 1964 to discuss repairing relations between the US and Cuba.Eisele, Al (March 25, 2009) "When Gene McCarthy Met Che Guevara", Huffington Post; retrieved 2010-01-29. They met in journalist Lisa Howard's apartment on Park Avenue in Manhattan. The 2008 film Che: Part One depicts this event.
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A common element is the interaction of economic and political influences, broadly described as political economy. Comparative economic systems studies the relative performance and behaviour of different economies or systems. The U.S. Export-Import Bank defines a Marxist–Leninist state as having a centrally planned economy. They are now rare; examples can still be seen in Cuba, North Korea and Laos.
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"The Factors Leading to the Electoral Success, Consolidation and Decline of the Moldovan Communists' Party During the Transition Period". Presented at the Midwestern Political Science Association Convention. SSRN. In Asia, a number of Marxist–Leninist regimes and movements continue to exist. The People's Republic of China has continued the agenda of Deng Xiaoping's 1980s reforms by initiating significant privatisation of the national economy.
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Trotsky had been the subject of an armed attack against his house, mounted by allegedly Soviet-recruited locals, including the Marxist-Leninist muralist David Alfaro Siqueiros.Patenaude, Bertrand (2009). Stalin's Nemesis: The Exile and Murder of Leon Trotsky, p. 138\. London, UK: Faber & Faber The attack was organised and prepared by Pavel Sudoplatov, deputy director of the foreign department of the NKVD.
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He was accused of treason for being a separatist thinker and a Marxist-Leninist. The Turkish government tried to portray Karaca as a man who was unknowingly writing songs to start a revolution. One politician was quoted as saying, "Karaca is simply calling citizens to a bloody war against the state." Dervişan was ultimately dissolved at the end of 1977.
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Bam dev Gautam joined the Communist party of Nepal in 1964 and participated in full-time party activities from Rupandehi District in 1969. He became District Secretary of CPN Rupandehi in 1972. He played a major role in establishing Mukti Morcha with Madan Bhandari and Jeev Raj Ashrit. He later became Central member of Communist Party of Nepal(Marxist–Leninist) in 1980.
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The two-stage theory, or stagism, is a Marxist–Leninist political theory which argues that underdeveloped countries such as Tsarist Russia must first pass through a stage of capitalism via a bourgeois revolution before moving to a socialist stage."Stagism". Encyclopedia of Marxism. Marxists Internet Archive. Stagism was applied to countries worldwide which had not passed through the capitalist stage.
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It was disbanded when the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation began contesting elections on its own, inheriting its organisation. The leadership of the front included Nagbhushan Patnaik and Dipankar Bhattacharya. The chairperson of the Autonomous State Demand Committee, Jayanta Rongpi was also a member of the central committee. The central committee also included Rameshwar Prasad and Ganauri Azad Harijan, among others.
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On 6 August 2010, CPN (ML) suffered a split regarding supporting Pusha Kamal Dahal in the prime minister election. The split was led by former minister Jagat Bahadur Bogati and included four CA members. The new party was named Communist Party of Nepal Marxist-Leninist (Socialist). In the 2013 Constituent Assembly election, the party won five seats under proportional representation.
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During the Sino-Indian War of 1962, arrest warrants were issued against Communist leaders. He evaded arrest by scaling the back walls of his house in Amta. At that time, he was made the Secretary of the Underground State Committee of the Marxist–Leninist fraction of the Party. He took a pseudonym "Prithwiraj", and organized movement for the release of political prisoners.
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Chin Peng, pp.466–67 In 1970, a leadership struggle within the MCP led to the emergence of two break–away factions: the Communist Party of Malaya–Marxist-Leninist (CPM–ML) and the Revolutionary Faction (CPM–RF). This caused the Communist movement in Peninsular Malaysia to splinter into three different groups. Each of these factions had their own armed forces and front organisation.
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Both in Cuba and abroad it has spread beyond its Afro-Cuban origins and is practiced by individuals of various ethnicities. Santería has faced much opposition and criticism through its history. The Roman Catholic Church has often seen it as Satanic, Cuba's Marxist–Leninist government perceived it as primitive superstition, while animal welfare groups have criticised its use of animal sacrifice.
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Karna Bahadur Thapa (), a member of Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist- Leninist), assumed the post of the Minister of Industry of Nepal on 25 February 2014 under Sushil Koirala-led government. \- He is a member of 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly. He won Bajura-1 seat in the CA assembly in 2013. \- \- He is the chairman of Nepal Communist Party Sudurpaschim Pradesh Committee.
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Berhe 2008, p. 40 Seyoum served as chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) in the 1980s. He was a member of the Marxist–Leninist League of Tigray (MLLT) and composed songs to honor the organization.Berhe 2008, p. 219 On 23 March 2013, Seyoum resigned from the TPLF Central Committee its 11th meeting.
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The Marxist–Leninist Armed Propaganda Corps-Revolutionary Front (, abbreviated as MLSPB-DC) is a communist armed group from Turkey. A battalion was created by Devrimci Karargâh and MLSPB-DC named after Alper Çakas, an MLSPB-DC fighter killed while fighting in Rojava. It is also part of the Peoples' United Revolutionary Movement. One of the flags used by Sosyal Isyan.
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The name is a metaphor derived from goulash, a traditional Hungarian dish. Goulash is made with an assortment of dissimilar ingredients; here, it represents how Hungarian communism became a mixed ideology, no longer strictly adhering to the Marxist–Leninist interpretations of the prior decade. This period of "pseudo-consumerism" saw an increase of foreign affairs and consumption of consumer goods as well.
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Dr. Vinayan and Arvind Ji had been leaders of the JP movement and influenced by Mahamaya Prasad Sinha. They had founded MKSS to struggle for land reform and minimum wages. The Jehanabad and Gaya districts were the epicentres of the movement. The Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Unity Organisation (from 1982 onwards, the CPI(ML) Party Unity) aligned with MKSS.
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The Workers' Party (; ), is a Marxist-Leninist political party in Tunisia. Legalized only in 2011, it participates in the Popular Front coalition, which is represented in the Assembly of the Representatives of the People. The party's long-term leader is general secretary Hamma Hammami. Founded in 1986, the party was known as the Tunisian Workers' Communist Party (; , PCOT) until 2012.
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The movement criticized Ludo Martens as a revisionist and defender of Mikhail Gorbachev, and his book Another View of Stalin as a fundamentally anti-Stalin book. The organization publishes a biweekly four-page newspaper called Anasintaxi. Anasintaxi is an active participant in the International Conference of Marxist-Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle). It has not participated in any elections.
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Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Benin (in French: Parti communiste marxiste-léniniste du Bénin) is a communist political party in Benin led by Magloire Yansunnu. PCMLB was founded in Cotonou 1999. Yansunnu had been expelled from the Communist Party of Benin in 1998 following an internal crisis in that party. PCMLB was the 112th political party to be legally registered in Benin.
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MSzMp propaganda leaflet. The caption reads: "Long live the unbreakable unity of our party and our people!" The Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (, MSzMP) was the ruling Marxist–Leninist party of the Hungarian People's Republic between 1956 and 1989. It was organised from elements of the Hungarian Working People's Party during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, with János Kádár as general secretary.
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The party won the mayoral post in Bharatpur. The party announced an alliance with the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) before the start of the 2017 legislative and provincial elections but did not quit the government led by Sher Bahadur Deuba. The party won 53 seats and emerged as the third largest party in the House of Representatives.
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Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (;"Castro". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. ; 13 August 1926 – 25 November 2016) was a Cuban revolutionary and politician who served as Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976 and President from 1976 to 2008. Ideologically a Marxist–Leninist and Cuban nationalist, he also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from 1961 until 2011.
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The Communist Labour Party of Turkey/Leninist (Turkish: Türkiye Komünist Emek Partisi/Leninist) is an illegal communist party in Turkey. TKEP/L was founded on September 1, 1990, following a split in the Communist Labour Party of Turkey (TKEP). Whereas TKEP had started orientating itself towards legal work, TKEP/L wanted to continue armed struggle. It formed an armed wing, the Leninist Guerrilla Units (Leninist Gerila Birliği).
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The Bangladesh Communist Party (Leninist) was a communist party in Bangladesh. BCP(L) was founded in Calcutta in the fall of 1971, by several small communist splinter factions. The core of founders of BCP(L) consisted of Kazi Zafar Ahmed, Rashid Khan Menon and Ranu from the Communist Samanay Kendra, Amul Sen and Nazrul Islam from Communist Sanghati Kendra and Nasim Ali from the Hatiar group. Communist Samanay Kendra originated from the students movement and Communist Sanghati Kendra was a splinter group of East Pakistan Communist Party (Marxist-Leninist) that had revolted against the annihilation line.
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"In Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR (1952) Stalin repeated the familiar Maxist–Leninist argument that price-market relationships in a socialist economy are a relic of capitalism, the persistence of which in a socialist economy is due to the existence side by side with the socialist sector of a cooperative sector (the collective farms), and that these price-market relationships are destined to wither away under communism." Nevertheless, computerized economics gained an important role for top planners, even while conventional Marxist–Leninist political economy was taught in most schools and promoted for public consumption.Ellman, Soviet Planning Today (1971), p. 11.
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Although a Leninist, Castro remained critical of Marxist–Leninist Joseph Stalin, who was the Premier of the Soviet Union from 1941 to 1953. In Castro's opinion, Stalin "committed serious errors – everyone knows about his abuse of power, the repression, and his personal characteristics, the cult of personality", and also held him accountable for the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany in 1941. At the same time, Castro also felt that Stalin "showed tremendous merit in industrializing the country" and "in moving the military industry to Siberia", things which he felt were "decisive factors" in the defeat of Nazism.
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EKNÜ merged into the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League (VLKSM). The Estonian branch of VLKSM had the name 'Leninist Young Communist League of Estonia' (Eestimaa Leninlik Kommunistlik Noorsooühing, ELKNÜ).Nelson, Daniel N. "Leninist and Political Inequalities: The Non-Revolutionary Politics of Communist States." Comparative Politics, Vol.
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An important influence on Chinese foreign policy that had especially affected China's interpretations of world events has been ideology, both Marxist-Leninist and Maoist. The ideological components of China's foreign policy, whose influence varied over time, had included a belief that conflict and struggle were inevitable; a focus on opposing imperialism; the determination to advance communism throughout the world, especially through the Chinese model; and the Maoist concept of responding with flexibility while adhering to fundamental principles. One of the most basic aspects of China's ideological worldview had been the assumption that conflict, though not necessarily military conflict, was omnipresent in the world. According to Marxist-Leninist analysis, all historical development was the result of a process of struggle, between classes within a nation, between nations themselves, or between broader forces such as socialism and imperialism.
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Angola-Cuba diplomatic relations refers to the historical and current bilateral relationship between Angola and Cuba. During Angola's civil war, Cuban forces fought alongside the Marxist–Leninist People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) government; against the Western-backed National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) and National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA) guerrillas who were aided by the South-African army. The present day outcome of the war resulted in the MPLA changing from a Marxist–Leninist party to a multi-party democratic system based on Neoliberal principles (the MPLA also dropped the "Labour Party" extension to its name as a clear sign of dropping their Communist aspirations). From an economic stand point, Cuba has lost its preferred status among Angolans and South Africa has become the biggest single investor and trading partner with Angola (outside oil sales).
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Others such as Michael Parenti also claim that Marxist–Leninist states experienced greater economic development than they would have otherwise, or that their leaders were forced to take harsh measures to defend their countries against the Western Bloc during the Cold War. David L. Hoffmann argues that many forms of state interventionism used by Marxist–Leninist governments, including social cataloguing, surveillance and concentration camps, predated the Soviet regime and originated outside of Russia. Hoffman further argues that technologies of social intervention developed in conjunction with the work of 19th-century European reformers and were greatly expanded during World War I, when state actors in all the combatant countries dramatically increased efforts to mobilise and control their populations. As the Soviet state was born at this moment of total war, it institutionalised practices of state intervention as permanent features of governance.
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Countries which once had overtly Marxist–Leninist governments in bright red and countries the USSR considered at one point to be "moving toward socialism" in dark red Despite the initial institutional design of communism implemented by Joseph Stalin in the Eastern Bloc, subsequent development varied across countries. In satellite states, after peace treaties were initially concluded, opposition was essentially liquidated, fundamental steps towards socialism were enforced, and Kremlin leaders sought to strengthen control therein. Right from the beginning, Stalin directed systems that rejected Western institutional characteristics of market economies, capitalist parliamentary democracy (dubbed "bourgeois democracy" in Soviet parlance) and the rule of law subduing discretional intervention by the state. The resulting states aspired to total control of a political center backed by an extensive and active repressive apparatus, and a central role of Marxist-Leninist ideology.
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The movement was established in 1993 as the union of the pro-Albanian Organisation of Marxist-Leninist Communists of Greece (OKMLE -not to be confused with OMLE) and exiled Greek communists from the former Soviet Union and other ex-socialist countries, old EAM-ELAS soldiers and officers, followers of Nikolaos Zachariadis who disconnected with Communist Party of Greece (KKE) after its destalinization the period 1953-1956. It was a Stalinist organization which struggled for the unification of all Greek communists in one Marxist-Leninist-Stalinist party. In 1996, it merged with communists publishing the newspaper Post-Soviet Epoch and other independent Greek Stalinists to form Movement for the Reorganization of the Communist Party of Greece 1918-55. The organization published a biweekly 4-pages newspaper called Voice of Truth () with size 28 cm x 31.5 cm.
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Goulash Communism showed a far greater concern for public opinion and an increased focus on the present well-being of the citizens than had been the case in the period preceding 1956. It provided a wider latitude for dissent than was the case in the rest of the Soviet bloc, in the words of Kádár, "who is not against us is with us."Citation needed This modified the role of the Communist Party in the development of socialism, now interpreted as "serving" rather than "commanding", reduced the formality of relations between the party and the populace at large, increased the scope of societal self-expression and self- management, and refined the guiding Marxist–Leninist ideology with modified means of dissemination. Marxist–Leninist ideology is invoked in the desire to reform as seen in Imre Nagy's "Reform Communism" (1955–1956).
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Philosophically, the organization defended the orthodox Marxist tradition from postmodernism. ISO was somewhat open to Western Marxist and Marxist humanist thinkers.
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The Party for the Transformation of Honduras (in Spanish: Partido para la Transformación de Honduras) was a political party in Honduras. PTH was earlier known as Partido Comunista Marxista-Leninista de Honduras (Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Honduras). PCMLH was founded in 1967 as a pro-Chinese break-away from Partido Comunista de Honduras. PCMLH was an illegal party, working mainly in student and peasant movements.
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The Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) (, ) was an armed Marxist- Leninist organization that fought for the independence of Eritrea from Ethiopia. It emerged in 1970 as an extreme left-wing group that split from the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF). After achieving Eritrean independence in 1991, it transformed into the People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ), which serves as Eritrea's only legal political party.
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Diana L. Ohlbaum, "Ethiopia and the Construction of Soviet Identity, 1974-1991." Northeast African Studies 1.1 (1994): 63-89. online Moscow’s public embrace of Mengistu troubled Siad Barre's pro-Communist regime in Somalia. After rejecting a Soviet proposal for a four-nation Marxist-Leninist confederation, the Somali government launched an offensive in July 1977 with the intent of capturing Ethiopia’s Ogaden region, starting the Ogaden War.
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The Pâturages group was led by Raoul Danhier. A party cadre conference held June 28, 1970 the name of the party was changed to the Marxist-Leninist Communist Party of Belgium (Parti communiste marxiste-léniniste de Belgique, abbreviated P.C.M.L.B.). Fernand Lefebvre was named second secretary of the party. The party was active within the 'Centre de diffusion et de documentation pour le Vietnam' and 'Comité national Palestine'.
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The Black Panther Party was a Mao Zedong Thought-inspired political party in the United States, requiring all official members to read Mao's Little Red Book. The Revolutionary Communist Party, USA (RCP) was previously a Marxist–Leninist–Maoist political party in the United States."Our Ideology is Marxism-Leninism-Maoism". The RCP participated in the founding conference of the Revolutionary Internationalist Movement on 12 March 1984.
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In the 1999 parliamentary election, NSP(Malema) ran three candidates; Lila Situala in Jhapa-4 (66 votes), Darap Lal Sardar in Morang-5 (64 votes) and Mukund Khanal in Morang-6 (60 votes).Election Results'99 NSP(Malema) joined the United Left Front in 2002. In late 2005 NSP(Malema) merged with CPN(MLM) and formed the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Centre).
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Deniz Gezmiş (27 February 1947 – 6 May 1972) was a Turkish Marxist-Leninist revolutionary, student leader, and political activist in Turkey in the late 1960s. He was one of the founding members of the People's Liberation Army of Turkey (THKO). He was born to an inspector of primary education and syndicalist Cemil GezmişDeniz Gezmiş'in babası öldü, Milliyet, 24 June 2000. and a primary school teacher Mukaddes Gezmiş.
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Tristán Marof (born Gustavo Adolfo Navarro in Sucre, Bolivia, 1898; died Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, 1979) was a Bolivian diplomat, writer, essayist, and journalist. He was Consul of Bolivia in Europe, where he was linked to the labor movement and Marxist-Leninist organizations. The Socialist Workers' Party of Bolivia was established on 1 January 1940,Alipio Valencia Vega. Historia política de Bolivia, Vol. 6.
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Janson, H. W., and Anthony F. Janson. 1991. History of Art. New York: Harry N. Abrams. . p. 615. The modernist break occurred around the same time as the October Revolution of 1917 in Russia, and those who felt threatened by the new artistic viewpoint associated it with the group that came to power after that revolution, the Bolsheviks with their Marxist–Leninist political philosophy.
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Mishra became the secretary of the Durgapur Local Organising Committee of the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (formed out of the AICCCR) in the early 1970s. However, he was arrested (along with Mahadev Mukherjee). After having pass a period at Asansol hospital following brutal beatings by the police, he was sent to the Baharampur Central Jail. Mishra continued to conduct political activities inside the prison.
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This Pravda (the one headquartered in Vienna) published its last issue in 1912, and was succeeded by a new newspaper, also called Pravda, headquartered in St. Petersburg the same year. This newspaper was dominated by the Bolsheviks. The paper's main goal was to promote Marxist–Leninist philosophy and expose the lies of the bourgeoisie. In 1975 the paper reached a circulation of 10.6 million people.
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Fahd's Revolutionary Organization () was a communist organization in Iraq. The organization was founded in the middle of 1985, after a split from the Iraqi Communist Party. The founders of the organization consisted of younger cadres of the Communist Party, who opposed the party leadership. The organization sought to build a new Marxist-Leninist party, recalling the legacy of the Communist Party stalwarth leader Yusuf Salman Yusuf ('Fahd').
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"Statement on Religious Freedom Issued by 37 Rumanian Rabbis", in The Jewish Western Bulletin, 2 July 1954, p. 7 Feldman's 1955 interview in Kol HaAm featured claims that the "Marxist-Leninist spirit" had solved all of Romania's minority issues. Feldman rejected the need for a Yiddish press, since all Jews were supposedly literate in Romanian, while informing readers that education in Yiddish was continuing as before.
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Later CPN (ML) would merge into Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist). When CPN (UML), under Man Mohan Adhikari's premiership, formed a minority government in 1994, C.P. Mainali was nominated to become the speaker of the legislative. He was, however, defeated by the Nepali Congress nominee, Ram Chandra Paudel.Nepal Communist Set Back - New York Times Mainali was then named Minister for Local Development and Supply.
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Fyodor Ivanovich Kozhevnikov (; 15 March 1903 – 22 March 1998) was a Soviet legal expert. He wrote extensively about international law aspects in Russian history, and his writing supported Russian nationalist interpretation rather than Marxist–Leninist ideas. His main argument was that the Russian state, both in Tsarist times as well as under the Soviets, was the most progressive civilization in the field of international law.
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Langer was educated at Monash University, where he became a prominent student activist during the Vietnam War years. He was a leader of the Maoist Monash Labor Club at the university, and supported the Communist Party of Australia (Marxist-Leninist). He was also associated with a movement which argued that software should be free of copyright laws. Langer is an active opponent of Zionism.
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The Communist Party of Bolivia (Marxist–Leninist) (Spanish: Partido Comunista de Bolivia (marxista-leninista), PCB (ML)) was a political party in Bolivia. PCB (ML) emerged as a pro-People's Republic of China splinter group of the Communist Party of Bolivia in 1965. PCB (ML) was led by Óscar Zamora Medinaceli. In 1978 PCB (ML) founded the Revolutionary Left Front (FRI) as an open mass front.
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N V Krishnaiah N.V. Krishnaiah at APFTU conferenceN. V. Krishnaiah (also known as NVK) was a communist politician from Andhra Pradesh, India. He was a municipal councillor in Nellore, member of the Andhra Pradesh legislature, president of the Indian Federation of Trade Unions and a central leader in the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist). NVK was born in 1930 in Yataluru village, Venkatagiri mandal, Nellore district.
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The changes were managed by Prof. Ksenofont Ivanov, Rector of the Agricultural Academy and Prof. Ignat Emanouilov, Dean of FVM (later, they became academicians). The transformations consisted in a serious internal reform of educational units and alteration in the principal elements of the tuition - the curriculum and academic programmes in two directions: methodologically, according to Marxist–Leninist principles, and organizationally, on a planned basis.
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As well there were a number of dissenting Marxist-Leninist groups opposed the Derg for ideological reasons. These were the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party (EPRP), Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement (EPDM), and All-Ethiopia Socialist Movement (MEISON). The Derg had to contend with all of these along with many separatist organizations and an invasion by Somalia. The Soviet Union supported the Derg government.
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Jagan won elections in 1953. However, Winston Churchill was alarmed by fears that Jagan was a Marxist- Leninist, and was convinced Jagan could allow the Soviet Union a foothold in South America. In fact, there is no evidence whatsoever that Jagan had any ties to any foreign communist or revolutionary groups. But still, the fears prompted a British military intervention only days after his victory.
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The EC also elects a Political Committee (PC) to provide leadership when the EC is not meeting. Advisory Committees also exist to provide in-depth information on an array of subjects, including committees dedicated to women, industrial workers, pensions, public services, education workers, economics, housing, rails, science technology and the environment, transport, Marxist-Leninist education, LGBT rights, anti-racism, anti-fascism, civil service and international affairs.
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In 1978, he along with others formed the group named CPI(ML) Party Unity. He became the general secretary of that group in 1987. This group was merged with CPI(ML)(People’s War) in 1998. While Sanyal was working in Bastar region in Chhattisgarh, he facilitated the merger with unified Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's War and Maoist Communist Centre of India (MCC) in 2004.
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He became a member of the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's War in 1984. After formation of the CPI (Maoist) in 2004, Reddy became a member of the party's Central Regional Bureau and Central Military Commission. He was also in charge of the Odisha state committee and active in Kandhamal area. In 2006, he married Hinge Rajita, a post graduate from Osmania University.
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The Communist Party of Albania (in Albanian: Partia Komuniste e Shqipërisë, PKSH) is a communist and anti-revisionist Marxist-Leninist political party in Albania. The party was formed in 1991, as a split from the Albanian Party of Labour which converted itself into the Socialist Party of Albania. It upholds Enver Hoxha and Hoxhaism. The party was led by Hysni Milloshi until his death in 2012.
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Later, ASDC split into two, with one section the Autonomous State Demand Committee (United) breaking away from CPI(ML) Liberation and aligning with the Bharatiya Janata Party. 327x327px The group loyal to CPI(ML) Liberation reorganized themselves as Autonomous State Demand Committee (Progressive). From 1999 election onwards, Autonomous State Demand Committee (Progressive) candidates contest election on the banner of Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation.
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The British-Soviet Allied invasion of 1941–42 resulted in the end of Reza Shah's reign and his forced exile to South Africa. Many political prisoners were subsequently released and under this new atmosphere, nationalist and socialist groups once again flourished. Iraj Iskandari and his closest colleagues decided to form a Marxist–Leninist party appealing to the broad masses.Abrahamian, History of Modern Iran (2008) p.
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International Publishers published Marxist–Leninist works. Trachtenberg gained support from Nicholas Dozenberg, head of the Workers Party's Literature Department. He also contacted Charles Ruthenberg, then executive secretary of the Party, to express his intention not to compete but to support the Party's own publications. To political texts, International Publishers added literary and academic works that appealed not just to the working class but also to progressives.
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When he felt ready as a soldier, he sought admission in the Salvadoran Marxist-Leninist, political-military organization FPL -Fuerzas Populares de Liberación "Farabundo Marti-" (Popular Liberation Forces "Farabundo Marti" in English). However, the organization's leader, Commander "Marcial" (whose real name was Salvador Cayetano Carpio), rejected his application, arguing that Roque's role in the revolution was as a poet, and not as a foot-soldier.
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Mitterrand was a longtime supporter of Cuba and its Marxist–Leninist government. However, during Fidel Castro's 1995 visit to France, she also helped secure the release of imprisoned Cuban dissident Yndamiro Restano Díaz, who was reportedly freed at her request. She was also a supporter of the ANC and the anti apartheid movement in South Africa.MANDELA, Nelson, "The Long Walk To Freedom", 1994, page 523.
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Robert Service, Comrades – Communism: A World History, 2007, London: Pan Macmillan, pp. 156–57 ; Brown, A, Kaser, M C, and Smith, G S (editors), The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Russia and the former Soviet Union, 1994, Cambridge University Press, p. 428 . Others maintain that workers in the Soviet Union and other Marxist–Leninist states had genuine control over the means of production through institutions such as trade unions.
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Finally he was dispatched to Guatemala during the turbulent times of the Guatemalan Civil War. On 31 March 1970 he was kidnapped by Marxist–Leninist FAR guerillas in Guatemala City and was murdered six days later. West Germany immediately severed diplomatic ties with Guatemala. Three days after Spreti's murder, an anti-communist death squad named Mano Blanca retaliated by assassinating the Communist politician César Montenegro Paniagua.
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Dimitry V. Pospielovsky. A History of Soviet Atheism in Theory, and Practice, and the Believer, vol 1: A History of Marxist-Leninist Atheism and Soviet Anti-Religious Policies, St Martin's Press, New York (1987) p. 67 This was accomplished in a country that only a few decades earlier had had a deeply Orthodox Christian public life and culture that had developed for almost a thousand years.
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Sudhakar alias Kiran hailing from Sarangapur village, Nirmal in states Adilabad district of Telangana State. Between 1982 and 1983, he had initially worked with Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's War in Adilabad area and became Adilabad District Committee Secretary of the Group. Sudhakar has been a Central Committee Members of CPI (Maoist) since 2013. He became the Head of Publication division of Party.
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In 1977 he broke away from COC, CPI(ML).Frontline: The Road from Naxalbari On 22 April 1980 he founded the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) People's War. On 2 January 1982 he was arrested in Hyderabad at Begumpet Railway Station, when waiting to board a train to Bombay. On 4 January 1984 he managed to escape from the prisoners wing of the Osmania Hospital.
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Cissokho was also involved in the struggle against French colonial rule. During his years as a student he had joined the Communist Study Groups (GEC). He also became a member of the African Democratic Rally (RDA). He took part in founding the African Independence Party (PAI, later renamed the Party of Independence and Labour, PIT), the first Marxist-Leninist political party in West Africa, in 1957.
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When the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) was founded in 1969, rallying various Maoist tendencies into a unified organisation, some groups retained a separate identity and remained outside of CPI(ML). One such group was nicknamed Dakshin Desh, after the name of its publication. The group had begun publishing Dakshin Desh in along Maoist lines. The group was joined by a sector of trade union activists.
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Zafer Gözet (born 21 September 1965) is a Turkish-Norwegian Marxist-Leninist politician. He was the leader of the Communist Party of Norway (NKP) from 2001 to 2010. Gözet was born and raised in Konya, Turkey before immigrating to Norway with his family in 1980. After lengthy contact with the Communist Party throughout the 1980s, he decided at the beginning of the 1990s to join the party.
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The party was most notable for its chairman, Ray Nunes, a former representative of the Communist Party of New Zealand Central Committee. A party member for nearly 40 years, Nunes had represented the Communist Party in international meetings for over two decades, in addition to other senior responsibilities, such as serving as Wellington district secretary.Whitmore, D. (1999, July). A Marxist-Leninist of extraordinary calibre.
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