1000 Sentences With "moral philosophy" | Random Sentence Generator

It's a Trojan horse for a version of moral philosophy.

Yet economics has not always been so shy about moral philosophy.

Ursula K. Le Guin's fantasy is animated by rich moral philosophy.

The best sitcom about moral philosophy is The Good Place on NBC.

In terms of moral philosophy, you've got to interrogate your own views.

"The Ordinary Virtues" is a shotgun marriage of moral philosophy and global junketeering.

She is introduced to her supposed soulmate, moral-philosophy professor Chidi Anagonye (William Jackson Harper).

Grove, author of the "Mapmakers" trilogy, mixes action, noir, brain science and moral philosophy here.

None of this fully masks a script more invested in moral philosophy than character or plot.

He was the Alford Professor of Natural Religion, Moral Philosophy and Civil Polity, not Civil Policy.

To explain why, I asked five scholars, whose reasoning ranges from leadership psychology to moral philosophy.

There is a timeless story of ambition and pride, as studied in literature and moral philosophy classes.

She gets Chidi to promise to teach her about moral philosophy and, more importantly, to be her friend.

And I think we particularly connected with Michael Sandel, who is a really amazing philosopher of moral philosophy.

You'll notice that words like "rationality" and "duty" — mainstays of traditional moral philosophy — are missing from Churchland's narrative.

And this was not a chair in economics — the discipline did not yet exist — but in moral philosophy.

In moral philosophy, it is common to draw a distinction between duties to oneself and duties to others.

The director Bill Castellino sets the action in the Wild West and ditches most of the moral philosophy.

Asking art to fulfill the same role that religion and moral philosophy has traditionally filled is a fool's errand.

We have met Stubblefield only once, nearly a decade ago, at a conference on cognitive disability and moral philosophy.

The issues at the root of Gorsuch's personal moral philosophy are likely to show up in the Supreme Court again.

Jurists who find these questions perplexing are more likely to find clarity in basic moral philosophy than in case law.

Piketty and Saez's inheritance paper also notes that what tax rate is "optimal" depends a lot on your moral philosophy.

In trying to make moral theory more "realistic," they, unlike May, still take themselves to be doing traditional moral philosophy.

I suppose that requiring computer scientists to double major in moral philosophy isn't practical, but the lack of concern is striking.

Kant's faith in the supremacy of law and the social contract seems to be derived from his thinking on moral philosophy.

She was more independent than her town was used to, raising eyebrows when she tried to talk to friends about moral philosophy.

I've read a lot of books about ethics and moral philosophy, which I understand on what I'd describe as Wikipedia-entry level.

Among laypeople, Finnis may be best known for his expositions on natural law, an often-misunderstood area of legal and moral philosophy.

This isn't a conception of philosophy that Rick and Morty engage, so I'd welcome a little more moral philosophy into their world.

She gave emotions a central role in moral philosophy, arguing that they are cognitive in nature: they embody judgments about the world.

At its most useful, neoliberalism describes what happens when capitalism mutates from an economic system to a governing and even moral philosophy.

If you look at Christian writings or Aristotelian moral philosophy or whatever, you find very different assumptions about what human beings are like.

And within the world of contemporary moral philosophy, the defense of abortion is inextricably linked with the defense of assisted suicide and euthanasia.

This does not mean that moral philosophy will now have to play a role it is not accustomed to playing in American jurisprudence.

Forgiveness is a resource every human being has and indeed every religion, every major moral philosophy, and every society has tried to cultivate.

In Trump's moral philosophy — if that is what it can be called — it is in our stars and not ourselves that we are knaves.

To hear Falun Gong members in Flushing tell it, they are meek practitioners who follow a moral philosophy based on truth, tolerance and compassion.

So she gets her assigned "soul mate," the moral-philosophy professor Chidi Anagonye (William Jackson Harper), to teach her to be a better person.

Such machines will then face an age-old problem of moral philosophy: how to apportion benefits and costs among different individuals with conflicting desires.

But the more important reason was you end up making political comments without directly making political comments, by discussing the nature of moral philosophy.

Professor Pogge, a renowned German-born scholar of moral philosophy and international affairs, brought to Yale impressive academic credentials, and a dose of star power.

"Reasons and Persons," published in 1984, was greeted as the most important work of moral philosophy since Henry Sidgwick's "The Method of Ethics" in 1874.

In a brisk 800 pages, Sapolsky covers nearly every facet of the human condition, engaging moral philosophy, evolutionary biology, social science, and genetics along the way.

In her 25 paper "Modern Moral Philosophy," Elizabeth Anscombe coined "consequentialism," a phrase to describe what she saw as the central error of certain moral theories.

For the Joker star — an awards favorite — this move fits in with other aspects of his moral philosophy; he's an outspoken environmentalist and animal rights supporter.

Gorsuch himself cautioned senators against reading too much into his work in moral philosophy when he was nominated to the 10th Circuit Court of Appeals in 2006.

However, she pays considerably less attention to the ethical theory needed to support her argument and, in the end, doesn't convince that neurophilosophy should supersede moral philosophy.

Moral philosophy and practical reason offered a mental refuge from the bad news of what had just been proven true: that there is no outside to finance capitalism.

On "The Good Place," the NBC comedy that puts a fresh spin on the afterlife, Chidi Anagonye (William Jackson Harper) is a professor of ethics and moral philosophy.

Scotland was in many ways a more progressive place than England, and, as a professor of moral philosophy at Glasgow University, Smith was right at the heart of it.

Leon Trotsky checked in from New York, where, he writes, "the aesthetic theory of cubism rules on the streets, and the moral philosophy of the dollar in the hearts".

In 2004, the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy asked Anderson to compose its entry on the moral philosophy of John Dewey, who helped carry pragmatist methods into the social realm.

I love a good discourse on moral philosophy (who doesn't) and The Good Place has treated me to way more of that than network TV has any business doing.

But he was among the most brilliant, and his papers and books have had a profound, incalculably vast impact on the study of moral philosophy over the past half century.

It is also time to stop pretending that Supreme Court justices can decide hard cases without reference to their views about what a cohesive and defensible American moral philosophy looks like.

The whole point of Chidi's character is that he was a moral philosophy professor who essentially taught no-one anything about world philosophy, because it was too obscure and too exclusionary.

In between bites of fiery wings, Bell discussed everything from moral philosophy and The Good Place to new episodes of Veronica Mars on Hulu and the highly anticipated Disney movie, Frozen 2.

In Thom's time, almost all companies may well have been small and simple enough to prosper without relying on anything like "Moral Philosophy", which Adam Smith taught at the University of Glasgow.

Get the VICE App on iOS and Android Emanuel Bronner had a simple goal: To create a revolutionary moral philosophy that would forever upend every aspect of society—through pure castile soap.

To the Editor: S. Matthew Liao, a professor of moral philosophy, absolves Facebook of any responsibility for its role in the ethnic cleansing of the Muslim Rohingya population in largely Buddhist Myanmar.

And is the mention of more dimensions and other weird science stuff making you folks wonder if there's going to be an overlap between the moral philosophy of the show and theoretical physics?

I feel like honestly, the fact that there are all these moral philosophy and sci-fi fantasy elements helps give us some real stakes and circumstances when playing out some of these scenes.

"It was a revolutionary paper, and it made him a philosophic celebrity instantly," Jeff McMahan, a professor of moral philosophy at Oxford and one of Mr. Parfit's former students, said in an interview.

With the help of her assigned soul mate in the Good Place, Chidi (William Jackson Harper), a moral philosophy professor, Eleanor is introduced to ethical concepts and slowly begins to develop positive habits.

" Jeff McMahan, a professor of moral philosophy at Oxford, told me, "The conscious choice to impose a risk—even permissible risk, as in the case of driving—opens a person up to moral liability.

But when the show airs its last episode of the year Thursday night before taking a short break ahead of its final episodes in 2020, viewers will see the limits of moral philosophy tested.

Gray Matter THE history of moral philosophy is a history of disagreement, but on one point there has been virtual unanimity: It would be absurd to suggest that we should do what we couldn't possibly do.

"The Good Place," whose finale airs Thursday night on NBC, is a slapstick survey of moral philosophy that places its faith not in a higher power (or a lower one) but in human culture and creation.

Immanuel Kant, the originator of this school of moral philosophy, famously argued that it was immoral to lie in all circumstances, even to a murderer who's asking for your friend's whereabouts so he can kill her.

Recently, the "trolley problem," a decades-old thought experiment in moral philosophy, has been enjoying a second career of sorts, appearing in nightmare visions of a future in which cars make life-and-death decisions for us.

" The book, he added, "authentically captures not just his political philosophy but his moral philosophy, which is that the bigness and centralized expertise of the modern state and the modern company is something he instinctively rebels against.

He pays fleeting homage to Swift's "native gift for using words," but for him, the book is essentially a delivery system for Swift's moral philosophy, and it succeeds because it enlists our partial agreement with that philosophy.

What the MIT Media Lab asked survey respondents to answer was a series of variants on the classic trolley problem, a hypothetical constructed in moral philosophy to get people to think about how they weigh moral tradeoffs.

At the same time, I was studying moral philosophy, and was particularly taken aback by Peter Singer's essay "Famine, Affluence, and Morality," and Peter Unger's book Living High and Letting Die (recommended by my now-colleague Matt Yglesias).

The hit television show "The Good Place," now in its fourth and final season, has done plenty to popularize philosophy, particularly moral philosophy, which is at the center of the show's story line, as well as its humor.

How we should spend our time before we hit our expiration date has been a main concern of philosophers from Ancient Greece to the present day, when most people are familiar with moral philosophy thanks to The Good Place.

Maybe Carol will adopt some new, previously explored shades of grey moral philosophy, but the way she disposes of the saviors seems like The Walking Dead just wants her to ping-pong between the only two shades of morality she knows.

Gorsuch has written that in order to adjudicate the thicket of American law, judges must search for the moral principles that best justify the law as it is written, and then use moral philosophy to tease out further moral implications.

Over its three-season run, The Good Place has received near-universal acclaim for somehow making moral philosophy funny and upbeat, but one of the most powerful things about the show is its visionary depiction of Janet, an otherworldly virtual assistant.

I studied moral philosophy as an undergrad, and there's a famous thought experiment about a man who walks by a shallow pond where a child is drowning and does nothing, because leaping in to save the child might muddy his clothes.

It's also something the actress ultimately has in common with Eleanor Shellstrop, protagonist of The Good Place, Bell's NBC comedy about moral philosophy that manages to be all at once wise, hilarious, educational, and a little bit like an acid trip.

So Eleanor sets out to fix it, with the expertise of Chidi (William Jackson Harper), a student of moral philosophy; Tahani (Jameela Jamil), a self-absorbed socialite; and Jason (Manny Jacinto), a small-time Florida criminal and Molotov cocktail enthusiast.

Todd: If there's something I most appreciated about this episode, it was the ending, which outlined the major schools of moral philosophy, in brief, before Chidi concluded that only nihilism mattered, which he illustrated by making marshmallow and candy chili.

I couldn't bear to let these books go; they were so deeply ingrained with a life I had loved, a life now being tucked into a box, transported miles away and slid onto a grown man's bookshelf, alongside novels, books on law and moral philosophy.

At one point Solomon tells her, "Darling, why don't you leave it to the boys?" and "The Price" treats her with a similar condescension, sidelining her in her pert pink suit while the brothers argue, stranding her with domestic concerns while they debate moral philosophy.

" She was so captivated by the novel that she later wrote three essays about the ways in which James articulates a kind of moral philosophy, revealing the childishness of aspiring to moral perfection, a life of "never doing a wrong, never breaking a rule, never hurting.

The show tells the story of selfish ne'er-do-well Eleanor (Kristen Bell) who finds herself accidentally placed in what she thinks is heaven after her untimely death and is forced to masquerade as a good person with the help of neurotic moral philosophy professor Chidi (William Jackson Harper).

For one thing, I think it eventually has to start stumbling into some kind of religious territory — something it's largely managed to evade for three seasons, and skillfully so, by focusing on moral philosophy to the exclusion of things like, say, origins and the end of the world.

When Eleanor first tours The Good Place (which is really The Bad Place), she meets her assigned "soul mate," Chidi Anagonye (William Jackson Harper), a bespectacled moral philosophy professor from Senegal, who finds simple decisions so difficult that choosing between a blueberry muffin and a bran muffin makes him cry.

In questioning Gorsuch, they should get him to acknowledge what he has written, which is that in order to adjudicate the thicket of American law, judges must search for the moral principles that best justify the law as it is written, and then use moral philosophy to tease out further moral implications.

WASHINGTON — In the first argument of its new term, the Supreme Court on Monday considered whether states may abolish the insanity defense, a question that seemed to puzzle several of the justices, who drew conflicting lessons from history, moral philosophy, constitutional law and the brutal crimes at the heart of the case.

Millions of people, many of them who might not have realized they needed this life-raft of optimism in the form of a doofy NBC sitcom about an Arizona trash bag and her friends and a demon, now know more about moral philosophy and ethics than we probably ever would have in our life.

That's a common complaint against philosophy in general and moral philosophy or ethics in particular: It's all well and good to tell people how to live their lives from inside your ivory tower, but then at some point you have to go home and actually live, and often philosophers' own lives don't at all match the ideas they espouse.

Emily: "Whenever You're Ready" takes aim not at the profound but the bittersweet, wrapping up the journey of a show that attempted to cram thousands of years of moral philosophy into a four-season sitcom by having its assorted characters decide to walk through a door that would dissolve their essences and return them to the universe.

I was pleased by the callbacks to Tim Scanlon's What We Owe to Each Other, and by the little cameos that Todd May and Pamela Hieronymi, the show's two main philosophical advisors, made in the beginning of the episode (you can read more about them in this piece I wrote about The Good Place and moral philosophy).

The concept for the series began with Schur's ideas about a standard for divine justice — a point system measuring earthly behavior — that led to a deeper dive into moral philosophy before ending up as a bright, heady mix of puns, cartoonish tortures (chain saw bears, a particularly invasive species of spider) and wide-ranging inquiries into the nature of human goodness.

Vital Little Plans puts this sexist caricature to rest by showing the impressive range and depth of Jacobs's work: She published an edited volume on the U.S. Constitution; she reimagined classical economic theory to argue that cities maintain competitiveness; she wrote on Quebecois separatism, as well as Socratic dialogues on moral philosophy; all while raising three children and maintaining a grueling schedule of civic meetings and activist causes.

He was the founding editor of the Journal of Moral Philosophy.

In 1742 he was appointed professor of moral philosophy in Marischal College. By Dodsley he was employed to write the article Moral Philosophy for the 'Modern Preceptor, which was afterwards published separately as The Elements of Moral Philosophy, London, 1754. It reached a fourth edition in 1769, and was translated into German, Zurich, 1757. Fordyce had already attracted some notice for his anonymous Dialogues concerning Education, 2 vols.

Blom, John J., Descartes. His moral philosophy and psychology. New York University Press. 1978.

Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 2000. This collection of lectures was edited by Barbara Herman. It has an introduction on modern moral philosophy from 1600–1800 and then lectures on Hume, Leibniz, Kant, and Hegel.

"Modern Moral Philosophy" is an article on moral philosophy by G. E. M. Anscombe, originally published in the journal Philosophy, vol. 33, no. 124 (January 1958). The article has influenced the emergence of contemporary virtue ethics, especially through the work of Alasdair MacIntyre.

Its first book was a new 1912 edition of John Witherspoon's Lectures on Moral Philosophy.

Rachels, James. The Elements of Moral Philosophy. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2010. Print.

The Critique of Practical Reason () is the second of Immanuel Kant's three critiques, published in 1788. It follows on from Kant's Critique of Pure Reason and deals with his moral philosophy. The second Critique exercised a decisive influence over the subsequent development of the field of ethics and moral philosophy, beginning with Johann Gottlieb Fichte's Doctrine of Science and becoming, during the 20th century, the principal reference point for deontological moral philosophy.

Moral Philosophy is the idea that to be morally good one must be motivated by benevolence and a desire for the happiness of others. The idea of moral philosophy was can be traced to Francis Hutcheson's work, A System of Moral Philosophy, first published in Glasgow in 1755. Hutcheson’s Moral philosophy emerged as a reaction to Hobbes’ phycological egoism and Clarke and Wollaston’s’ rationalism. The main objection was to the idea that compassion and benevolence are due to the calculations of self-interest and that people should be discouraged from making others sympathetic towards themselves since this reflected their self- interests and was therefore dishonest.

The Chair of Moral Philosophy is a professorship at the University of Glasgow, Scotland, which was established in 1727. The Nova Erectio of King James VI of Scotland shared the teaching of Moral Philosophy, Logic and Natural Philosophy among the Regents. In 1727 separate chairs were instituted.

The Sir Henry Jones Memorial Prize (for moral philosophy), founded in 1934, is awarded annually in October.

Alan Brian Carter (born 1952, Lincolnshire, England) is Emeritus Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Glasgow.

Leonardo Domenici was born in Florence in 1955, later graduating in moral philosophy from the University of Florence.

"The Minority Body: A Theory of Disability, written by Elizabeth Barnes". Journal of Moral Philosophy 15 (1): 100-03. .

Rachels, James, and Rachels, Stuart, The Elements of Moral Philosophy, 5th edition (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2007), pp. 8-11.

Hobbes’s moral philosophy is the fundamental starting point from which his political philosophy is developed. This moral philosophy outlines a general conceptual framework on human nature which is rigorously developed in The Elements of Law, De Cive and Leviathan. These works examine how the laws of motion influence human perception, behaviour and action, which then determine how individuals interact. The Elements of Law provides insight into Hobbes’s moral philosophy through ideas of sensation, pleasure, passion, pain, memory and reason. This is expanded upon in De Cive: “… human nature… comprising the faculties of body and mind; . . .

Richard Booker Brandt (17 October 1910 – 10 September 1997) was an American philosopher working in the utilitarian tradition in moral philosophy.

It merely implies that it deserves more attention as a work on psychology and moral philosophy than it has sometimes received.

Robert Towerson Cory (1759-23 April 1835) was an English churchman and Professor of moral philosophy at the University of Cambridge.

MacIntyre's approach to moral philosophy interweaves a number of complex strands. Although he largely aims to revive an Aristotelian moral philosophy based on the virtues, he claims a "peculiarly modern understanding" of this task.After Virtue, (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 3rd edn, 2007) xii. This "peculiarly modern understanding" largely concerns MacIntyre's approach to moral disputes.

Smith studied moral philosophy at the University of Glasgow and the University of Oxford. After graduating, he delivered a successful series of public lectures at Edinburgh, leading him to collaborate with David Hume during the Scottish Enlightenment. Smith obtained a professorship at Glasgow teaching moral philosophy, and during this time he wrote and published The Theory of Moral Sentiments.

It claims to answer doubts about the validity of moral judgements, and about moral objectivity, by explaining that we cannot help but act, therefore we act in accordance with moral rules which are essential to any acting being. Although a recent development in moral philosophy, it has its roots in the work of Kant in moral philosophy.

Peik Herfeh also wrote a variety of articles from Iranian School and Islamic Philosophy to Western Analytic and moral philosophy which is his profession. As an author, Shirzad Peik Herfeh wrote two books in the fields of moral philosophy which called as Borders of Ethics () and Utilitarianism (). Both of them released in Iran in 2012 and 2015 respectively.

Amongst his major work is his account of Ronald Dworkin's legal, political and moral philosophy in Ronald Dworkin, Stanford University Press, 2012.

George Borlase (1743 – 7 November 1809) was an English churchman, Registrary and Knightbridge Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Cambridge.

Although the SES has been highly criticized for its methodology and alleged motives, it purports to be a syncretic school of moral philosophy.

While a Christian could engage in speculative thought about nature or metaphysics in a purely rational manner and develop an adequate philosophy of nature of metaphysics, this is not possible with ethics. Moral philosophy must address the actual state of the human person, and this is a person in a state of grace. Thus, "moral philosophy adequately considered" must take into account properly theological truths. It would be impossible, for instance, to develop an adequate moral philosophy without giving consideration to properly theological facts such as original sin and the supernatural end of the human person in beatitude.

Edinburgh Post Office Directory 1844 In 1845 professor of moral philosophy and political economy at the University of St Andrews. He was twice an unsuccessful candidate for chairs in Edinburgh, for that of moral philosophy on Wilson's resignation in 1852, and for that of logic and metaphysics in 1856, after Hamilton's death. He remained at St Andrews till his death.

Christine Marion Korsgaard, (; born April 9, 1952) is an American philosopher and Arthur Kingsley Porter Professor of Philosophy at Harvard University whose main scholarly interests are in moral philosophy and its history; the relation of issues in moral philosophy to issues in metaphysics, the philosophy of mind, and the theory of personal identity; the theory of personal relationships; and in normativity in general.

The ultimate end is a concept in the moral philosophy of Max Weber, in which individuals act in a faithful, rather than rational, manner.

In addition, values have been studied in various disciplines: anthropology, behavioral economics, business ethics, corporate governance, moral philosophy, political sciences, social psychology, sociology and theology.

Ethics and Moral Philosophy \- Le fondement de la morale (Foundation of morality), Éd. de Mégare, 1982, 1990; rééd. PUF,1993, 1999, 2003. Translated into Portuguese.

Landsburg's articles in academic journals have dealt with many fields, including algebraic K-theory, module patching, philosophy of science and, moral philosophy. Selected publications follow.

David Fordyce (1711, Broadford, Aberdeenshire – 1751) was a Scottish philosopher, a contributor to the Scottish Enlightenment. Fordyce was educated at Marischal College, Aberdeen (MA, 1728). He entered the ministry and returned to Marischal as regent in 1742, teaching Moral Philosophy there until 1751, when he died by drowning at sea. His popular Elements of Moral Philosophy was first published in Robert Dodsley's Preceptor, vol.

Candace A. Vogler is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Chicago, and a specialist in moral philosophy, philosophy of action, and G. E. M. Anscombe.

Henry Wilkinson (1616–1690) was an English clergyman and academic, Principal of Magdalen Hall, Oxford and White's Professor of Moral Philosophy, and later an ejected minister.

Jefferson Allen McMahan (; born 30 August 1954) is an American philosopher. He has been White's Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Oxford since 2014.

Glen Allan Pettigrove is an American philosopher and Chair of Moral Philosophy at the University of Glasgow. He is known for his expertise on philosophy of emotions.

Kate Manne is an Australian philosopher, associate professor of philosophy at Cornell University, and author. Her work is primarily in feminist philosophy, moral philosophy and social philosophy.

Thomson's main areas of research are moral philosophy and metaphysics. In moral philosophy she has made significant contributions to meta-ethics, normative ethics and applied ethics. Her contribution to her book with Gilbert Harman, Moral Relativism and Moral Objectivity (1996) defends the objectivity of morality against Harman's relativism. The papers collected in Rights, Restitution and Risk (1986) include discussions of assisted suicide, abortion, self-defense, and preferential hiring.

In 1898, he took the Chair of Moral Philosophy at Edinburgh which he occupied for 26 years. During most of this time, the corresponding Chair of Logic and Metaphysics was occupied by his brother Andrew Seth Pringle - Pattison. James's inaugural lecture on "The Scottish Contribution to Moral Philosophy" was subsequently published in The Philosophical Review, the journal he had edited. Seth was an active campaigner on temperance and education.

Lawrence Gordon Graham (born 1949) is a British philosopher and the Henry Luce III Professor of Philosophy and the Arts at Princeton Theological Seminary. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Graham is known for his works on aesthetics, moral philosophy, philosophy of religion, and the Scottish philosophical tradition. Graham was the Regius Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Aberdeen between 1996 and 2006.

In the third year, he took the constitutional law course run by Lawrence Saunders and moral philosophy. Although his grades were not outstanding, they enabled him to pass all of his courses. His tutor in moral philosophy described him as "a bright and lively member of the class and of the parties". Nyerere gained many friends in Edinburgh, and socialised with Nigerians and West Indians living in the city.

He applied for the T.H. Green Moral Philosophy Prize in 1893, a monetary award offered once every three years by Balliol College for the best paper on moral philosophy.The prize was created under a bequest of Thomas Hill Green, White’s Professor of Moral Philosophy at Balliol. He died in 1882. It was Green who created the fund in his will, not his wife in memoriam, as some assert.

After his reception into the Church of Rome, Ward devoted himself to ethics, metaphysics and moral philosophy. After his admission into the Roman Catholic Church he had married, and for a time had to struggle with poverty. But his circumstances later improved. In 1851 he became professor of moral philosophy at St Edmund's College, Ware, and the following year he was appointed to the chair of dogmatic theology.

As such, Hartmann's conception of proper moral philosophy contrasts with rationalist and formalist theories, such as Kant's, according to which ethical knowledge is derived from purely rational principles.

In 1915-1916 - Assistant in Moral Philosophy. In 1919-1922 - Assistant Lecturer at the University of Leeds. In 1922-1931 - Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Leeds.

Henry Sidgwick,J. B. Schneewind, Sidgwick's Ethics and Victorian Moral Philosophy. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978, p. 47. John Henry Newman,John Henry Cardinal Newman, Apologia Pro Vita Sua.

Portrait of Thomas Hobbes Thomas Hobbes’s moral and political philosophy is constructed around the basic premise of social and political order, explaining how humans should live in peace under a sovereign power so as to avoid conflict within the ‘state of nature’. Hobbes’s moral philosophy and political philosophy are intertwined; his moral thought is based around ideas of human nature, which determine the interactions that make up his political philosophy. Hobbes’s moral philosophy therefore provides justification for, and informs, the theories of sovereignty and the state of nature that underpin his political philosophy. In utilising methods of deductive reasoning and motion science, Hobbes examines human emotion, reason and knowledge to construct his ideas of human nature (moral philosophy).

For two years he was assistant to the professor of moral philosophy, studied in the theological faculty with the intention of entering the ministry, but apparently was not ordained.

In 1889 she became the second woman to receive a Masters of Arts from the University of Sydney. In the same year she received a degree in Moral Philosophy.

In 1896 it became the Professorship of Moral Philosophy. The scope of the professorship was officially broadened from merely moral to general philosophy under its present name in 1965.

He believed and followed communist ideology and moral philosophy until his last breath. Yadagiri Reddy died on 22 November 2019 at the age of 88, due to cardiac arrest.

Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978, p. 174. Though some contemporary ethicists would not agree with all elements of Mill's moral philosophy, utilitarianism remains a live option in ethical theory today.

But Bathurst's moral philosophy earned enemies among the whigs, particularly from Horatio Walpole, the journalist of Strawberry Hill, who bore a grudge for the attacks on the Walpole ministry.

After Virtue is a book on moral philosophy by the philosopher Alasdair MacIntyre. MacIntyre provides a bleak view of the state of modern moral discourse, regarding it as failing to be rational, and failing to admit to being irrational. He claims that older forms of moral discourse were in better shape, particularly singling out Aristotle's moral philosophy as an exemplar. After Virtue is among the most important texts in the recent revival of virtue ethics.

The consequence was a redefinition of the moral terms. Happiness is no longer defined in relation to social life, but in terms of individual psychology. Happiness, however, remains a difficult term for moral philosophy. Throughout the history of moral philosophy, there has been an oscillation between attempts to define morality in terms of consequences leading to happiness and attempts to define morality in terms that have nothing to do with happiness at all.

Riley, Woodbridge, American philosophy: the early schools, Dodd, Mead, 1907, p. 11 An alternate moral philosophy to the domestic American Practical Idealism, called variously Scottish Innate Sense moral philosophy (by Jefferson),Jefferson, Thomas, The Political Writings of Thomas Jefferson, UNC Press Books, 1993, p. 175 Scottish Commonsense Philosophy,Asa Mahan, A Critical History of Philosophy, 2003, Volume 1, p. 9. or Scottish common sense realism, was introduced into American Colleges in 1768Olsen, p.

The Regius Professorship of Moral Philosophy is a Regius Chair at the University of Aberdeen. It was created in the 16th century, in the early years of the university's existence.

In 1812 he married Rachel, widow of Dr. Robert Eden Scott, professor of moral philosophy at Aberdeen, daughter of Duncan Forbes, of Thainstone; she died in 1850, leaving no children.

Michael W. Austin (born 1969) is an American philosopher and Professor of Philosophy at Eastern Kentucky University. He is known for his works on moral philosophy and philosophy of religion.

James Patrick Griffin (8 July 1933 - 21 November 2019) was an American-born philosopher, who was White's Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Oxford from 1996 to 2000.

The Rev Prof William Angus Knight LLD (22 February 1836 – 4 March 1916) was a Scottish Free Church minister and author and Professor of Moral Philosophy at St Andrews University.

Lawrence Michael Hinman (born September 26, 1942) is an American philosopher and Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at the University of San Diego. He is known for his expertise on moral philosophy.

Aesthetics and Morality is a 2007 book by Elisabeth Schellekens, in which the author provides an account of the main ideas and debates at the intersection of aesthetics and moral philosophy.

2, Longmans, Green, and Co., 1912] In 1890 Ward was appointed examiner in Mental and Moral Philosophy to the Royal University of Ireland. He lectured at Lowell Institute, Boston in 1914.

In these books Desideri utilized the Tibetan Buddhist techniques of scholastic argumentation, and accepted parts of Buddhism that he did not see as contradictory to Catholic teaching, especially Buddhist moral philosophy.

John Broome (born 1947) is a British philosopher and economist. He was the White's Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford.

Rawls has a well- known essay on Kant's concept of good. See, Rawls, "Themes in Kant's Moral Philosophy" in Kant's Transcendental Deductions. Ed. Eckart Förster. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1989.

Dr. Johnson revised his moral philosophy textbook again, titling it Ethices Elementa: or the First Principles of Moral Philosophy. According to educator Henry Barnard, “This work had a high reputation at the time of its publication, and met with an extensive sales.”Barnard, Henry, “Samuel Johnson”, The American Journal of Education, Office of American Journal of Education, Volume 7, 1859, Volume 7, p. 446. He revised it again with editions released in 1752 in Philadelphia and 1754 in London.

Davidson's scholarship concentrates in contemporary Continental Philosophy, Moral Philosophy, the History of Theology, and Historical Epistemology and the History of the Human Sciences. His publications (books, articles and essays) cover a wide array of ranging from the Moral Philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas, Vladimir Jankélévitch, and Pierre Hadot to Georges Canguilhem's Philosophy of Science. Many of Davidson's publications are written in French and Italian and published by European presses. Much of Davidson's scholarship focuses on the theory of Michel Foucault.

" Meanwhile, John Locke (1632–1704) adapted Gassendi's modified version of Epicurus's epistemology, which became highly influential on English empiricism. Many thinkers with sympathies towards the Enlightenment endorsed Epicureanism as an admirable moral philosophy. Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826), one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, declared in 1819, "I too am an Epicurean. I consider the genuine (not imputed) doctrines of Epicurus as containing everything rational in moral philosophy which Greece and Rome have left us.

Raimond Gaita (born Raimund Gaita; 14 May 1946) is a German-born Australian philosopher and award-winning writer. He was, until 2011, foundation professor of philosophy at the Australian Catholic University and professor of moral philosophy at King's College London. He is currently professorial fellow in the Melbourne Law School and the Faculty of Arts, University of Melbourne and emeritus professor of moral philosophy at King's College London. He is a fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities.

Giuseppe Tarantino (; Gravina in Puglia, 22 July 1857 – Gravina in Puglia, 25 January 1950) was an Italian philosopher, professor of moral philosophy and pedagogy and rector at the University of Pisa, Italy.

See, e.g., Alfred L. Brophy, Thomas Ruffin: Of Moral Philosophy and Monuments, North Carolina Law Review (2009); Alfred L. Brophy, The Law and Morality of Monument Removal, South Texas Law Review (2010).

Hunter Lewis Hunter Lewis (born October 13, 1947) is the co-founder of Cambridge Associates LLC, a global investment firm, and author of books in the fields of economics and moral philosophy.

Richard Walker (1679–1764) was a professor of moral philosophy at the University of Cambridge, noted as a supporter of Richard Bentley in his long legal battle with the fellowship of Trinity College.

Yeager, Leland B. (2001). Ethics As Social Science: The Moral Philosophy of Social Cooperation. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 283. Prominent consequentialist libertarians include R. W. Bradford David D. Friedman,Friedman, David D. (1973).

Any moral philosophy that does not take into account these realities that are only known through faith would be fundamentally incomplete.Maritain, An Essay on Christian Philosophy, (NY: Philosophical Library, 1955), pp. 38 ff.

He was not successful in either of these directions. Homberg was later appointed assistant professor of religious and moral philosophy at Prague, with the title of "Schulrath," retaining this position until his death.

In 1785 Stewart succeeded Ferguson in the chair of moral philosophy, which he filled for twenty-five years, making it a centre of intellectual and moral influence. Young men were attracted by his reputation from England, Europe and America. Stewart's course on moral philosophy embraced, besides ethics proper, lectures on political philosophy or the theory of government. Stewart spent the summers of 1788 and 1789 in France, where he met Suard, Degérando, and Raynal, and came to sympathise with the revolutionary movement.

Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 26, No. 4: 575–86 William Cleghorn held the Chair of Pneumatics and Moral Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh from 1745 until his death in 1754.' Some Notes on the History of the Philosophy Department', University of Edinburgh website (accessed 9 Sept 2007.) Four volumes of notes on Cleghorn's lectures on moral philosophy from 1746–47 are stored at the University of Edinburgh library.' Lectures of Professor William Cleghorn', Edinburgh University Library, Special Collections Division.

Adler referred to Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics as the "ethics of common sense" and also as "the only moral philosophy that is sound, practical, and undogmatic". Thus, it is the only ethical doctrine that answers all the questions that moral philosophy should and can attempt to answer, neither more nor less, and that has answers that are true by the standard of truth that is appropriate and applicable to normative judgments. In contrast, he believed that other theories or doctrines try to answer more questions than they can or fewer than they should, and their answers are mixtures of truth and error, particularly the moral philosophy of Immanuel Kant. Adler was a self-proclaimed "moderate dualist", and viewed the positions of psychophysical dualism and materialistic monism to be opposite sides of two extremes.

Right judgment is supreme over all of these since by means of it reason rules over the emotions.” Catholic moral philosophy drew from all of these sources when developing its thought on the virtues.

87 Granberry was a professor of moral philosophy and practical theology in Vanderbilt University from 1875 to 1882.Vanderbilt University faculty in 1875 He was elected Bishop in the Southern Methodist church in 1882.

Daniel P. Biebuyck, Lega Culture: Art, Initiation, and Moral Philosophy Among a Central African People. University of California Press: 1973, p. 20 and p. 183. Both groups are interlacustrine, living between the African Great Lakes.

In August 1605 he was one of those who disputed in moral philosophy before James I, his queen Anne of Denmark, and Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales on the occasion of their visit to Oxford.

Hare originally proposed prescriptivism as a kind of amendment to emotivism.Warnock, G. J., Contemporary Moral Philosophy. London: Macmillan, 1967, p. 30. Like emotivists, Hare believes that moral discourse is not primarily informative or fact-stating.

Timo Airaksinen (born 25 April 1947 in Vaasa, Finland) is Professor of Moral Philosophy in the Discipline of Social and Moral Philosophy at Helsinki University. By longstanding tradition in the University of Helsinki, the philosophy faculty is divided into two major areas, the practical and the theoretical. He graduated from the University of Turku in 1971 and defended his doctoral dissertation The Hegelianism of Bradley and McTaggart in 1975. He specializes in ethics and social philosophy, ethics of technology, the history of philosophy, and education.

In criminal law, it may be observed that state prohibitions on killing, stealing, and so on derive from the state's duty to protect one's own citizens. However, a nation state has no duty to protect the citizens of an adjacent nation from crime. To send a peacekeeping force into another country would be — in the view of the nation doing it — supererogatory. Some schools of moral philosophy do not include supererogatory acts.Urmson, J. O. (1958) “Saints and Heroes,” in A. I. Melden (ed.) Essays in Moral Philosophy.

David Daiches Raphael (January 25, 1916 - December 22, 2015) was a philosopher. He is known for his writings on Adam Smith, Thomas Hobbes, justice, the rights of man, and his 1981, introductory philosophical book; Moral Philosophy.

Marcus George Singer (January 4, 1926 – February 21, 2016) was an American philosopher. His works include Generalization in Ethics – An Essay in the Logic of Ethics, with the Rudiments of a System of Moral Philosophy (1961).

Vatikiotis, p. 115–16 The first Egyptian renaissance intellectual was Rifa'a el-Tahtawi. In 1831, Tahtawi undertook a career in journalism, education and translation. Three of his published volumes were works of political and moral philosophy.

Vernon Joseph Bourke (1907–1998) was a Canadian-born American Thomist philosopher and professor at Saint Louis University. His area of expertise was ethics, and especially the moral philosophy of Augustine of Hippo and Thomas Aquinas.

John James Tigert III (November 25, 1856 - November 21, 1906) was an American clergyman, editor and academic. He was a professor of Moral Philosophy at Vanderbilt University, and a Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South.

Jacques Lacarrière (; 2 December 1925 – 17 September 2005) was a French writer, born in Limoges. He studied moral philosophy, classical literature, and Hindu philosophy and literature. Professionally, he was known as a prominent critic, journalist, and essayist.

Professor Richard J. Norman Richard J. Norman, BA (Cantab), PhD (London), is a British academic, philosopher and humanist. He is currently Emeritus Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Kent, and Vice-President of Humanists UK.

The Rev Prof Patrick Campbell MacDougall DD FRSE (28 November 1806-30 December 1867) was a 19th-century Scottish minister of the Free Church of Scotland who became Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh.

After taking his degree, Alexander was made a fellow of Lincoln College, where he remained as philosophy tutor from 1882 to 1893. It was during this period that he developed his interest in psychology, then a neglected subject. In 1887, he won the Green moral philosophy prize with an essay on the subject "In what direction does Moral Philosophy seem to you to admit or require advance?" This was the basis of his volume Moral Order and Progress, which was published in 1889 and went into its third edition in 1899.

Citadel, 1949. In the late 20th century, there was a so-called 'aretaic turn' and renewed interest in virtue ethics. This turn is often traced to a paper by G.E.M. Anscombe entitled "Modern Moral Philosophy". This approach was then furthered and popularized by figures such as Philippa Foot, Alasdair MacIntyre, as well as Paul Ricoeur. The revival of this ethical position congruently saw a return to engagement with earlier philosophers associated with moral philosophy such as Thomas Aquinas Philippa Foot, Virtues and Vices (Oxford, 2002), pp. 13-14.

J. L. A. Garcia, "Modern(ist) Moral Philosophy and MacIntyrean Critique" in ed. Mark C. Murphy Alasdair MacIntyre (2003, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press) at pp 135–136 For MacIntyre, the result was a collection of moral stances, each claiming to have a rational justification and each disputing the findings of the rival notions. MacIntyre believes that a number of the moral debates that occur in society can be explained as a result of this failure of the “Enlightenment Project”.J. L. A. Garcia, "Modern(ist) Moral Philosophy and MacIntyrean Critique" in ed.

Mario De Caro (born 1963) is an Italian philosopher, Professor of moral philosophy at the University of Rome III in Rome, Italy. Since 2000, he has also been teaching at Tufts University, where he is regularly a Visiting Professor. He is interested in moral philosophy, the free-will controversy, theory of action, history of science, Donald Davidson's and Hilary Putnam's philosophies, and early modern philosophy. With David Macarthur he has defended a metaphilosohical view called liberal naturalism, which is now widely discussed.. He is Hilary Putnam's literary executor.

After further study at Heidelberg University and University of Göttingen, Murray was appointed a Professor of philosophy and Chair of Mental and Moral Philosophy at Queen's College, Kingston in Canada. In 1869, he became the first professor at Queen's to offer courses to women, nearly a decade before the University of Toronto followed suit. Murray stayed at Queen's until 1871 when he accepted a position at McGill University as their Frothingham Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy. Upon succeeding a retiring William Turnbull Leach, Murray became the only philosophy professor at the university until 1886.

The rules of skill are conditionalH.J. Paton (1971). The Categorical Imperative: A Study in Kant's Moral Philosophy, University of Pennsylvania Press, p. 115. and are specific to each and every person to which the skill is mandated by.

The Texas State University Department of Philosophy is an academic division in the College of Liberal Arts at Texas State University. It has particular strengths in applied philosophy, moral philosophy, environmental ethics, philosophy of technology and political philosophy.

How Ethical is Australia? An Examination of Australia's Record as a Global Citizen is a 2004 book by Peter Singer and Tom Gregg, in which the authors apply moral philosophy to examine Australia's domestic, environmental and foreign policies.

Jens Timmermann (born 1 May 1970) is a German philosopher and the Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of St Andrews. He is best known for his research on Kant’s ethics, political philosophy and philosophy of law.

Oxford University Press and (1997). Utilitarianism, Hedonism, and Desert: Essays in Moral Philosophy. Cambridge University Press and Spanish ethic philosopher Esperanza Guisán (published a "Hedonist manifesto" in 1990). Dan Haybron has distinguished between psychological, ethical, welfare and axiological hedonism.

How to Make Good Decisions and Be Right All the Time is a 2008 book by Iain King. It sets out a history of moral philosophy and presents new ideas in ethics, which have been described as quasi-utilitarianism.

During the Revolutionary war, Johnson's protegee Provost Dr. William Smith would found two more colleges in Maryland, Washington College on the east shore, and St. James College on its west shore. While Johnson's moral philosophy had been taught at Yale since the early 1740s, his most influential textbook on philosophy was his 1752 Elementa Philosophica. This was a revision and major expansion of his 1731, 1743, and 1746 textbooks on moral philosophy to include metaphysics and science, made at the request of Benjamin Franklin. In 1752, Franklin printed a fine if expensive first edition in Philadelphia, while a lower cost second edition printed in London in 1754 appeared with Johnson's corrections and an introduction by Dr. William Smith, provost of the College of Philadelphia. It has been estimated that about half the students in American Colleges between 1743 and 1776 were taught Johnson's moral philosophy.

Imprinted at London by William How for Richarde Iohnes, 1571. from 1571 is a work of moral philosophy, a translation of the Brevis et perspicua totius ethicae seu de moribus philosophiae descriptio (1566) of the humanist Cornelius Valerius (1512–1578).

Elijah "Lije" Millgram (born 1958) is an American philosopher. He is E. E. Ericksen Professor of Philosophy at the University of Utah. His research specialties include practical reason and moral philosophy. Elijah Millgram received his Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1991.

The Howison Lectures in Philosophy are a lecture series established in 1919 by friends and former students of George Howison, who served as the Mills Professor of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy and Civil Polity at the University of California, Berkeley.

Brinker, Menahem. "A Double Clearing of the Fog: Sartre's "The Childhood of a Leader" and Its Relation to His Philosophy" in Toker, Leona (ed. and introd.); Commitment in Reflection: Essays in Literature and Moral Philosophy. New York, NY; Garland; 1994, pp.

He was frequently selected to preach in St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. In 1882, aged about 53, he emigrated to Canada and became the Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy at Trinity College, Toronto, Ontario (from 1883 to 1908).

This procedure reflects Albert's preoccupations with neo-Platonic theories of good as well as the doctrines of Pseudo-Dionysius.Cunningham, Stanley. Reclaiming Moral Agency: The Moral Philosophy of Albert the Great. Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University Of America Press, 2008 p.

In 1582 Cuyk was appointed professor of moral philosophy at the university. He graduated Doctor of Sacred Theology in 1584. In 1590 Philip II of Spain sought to nominate him to the diocese of Roermond, but he refused the preferment.

He identifies four ordinary sources to reach wisdom and finally says that there is a fifth, better and more secure, consisting in the search for first causes.Blom, John J., Descartes, His Moral Philosophy and Psychology. New York University Press, 1978.

Cora Diamond (born 1937)DNB is an American philosopher who works on Ludwig Wittgenstein, Gottlob Frege, moral philosophy, political philosophy, philosophy of language, and philosophy and literature. She is currently the Kenan Professor of Philosophy Emerita at the University of Virginia.

A specialist of ancient philosophy, Monique Canto- Sperber has worked on and translated dialogues of Plato. In her book, Greek Ethics, Monique Canto-Sperber argues notably that the contemporary conception of Greek moral philosophy as essentially forms of eudemonism is an artefact and that contemporary debates only present a very partial view on the topic. She has also played an important role in the introduction in France of contemporary debates in Anglo-American philosophy. She has edited at the Presses Universitaires de France a Dictionnaire d'éthique et de philosophie morale, with numerous French and international specialists, on major issues of moral philosophy.

Alexander Bain (11 June 1818 – 18 September 1903) was a Scottish philosopher and educationalist in the British school of empiricism and a prominent and innovative figure in the fields of psychology, linguistics, logic, moral philosophy and education reform. He founded Mind, the first ever journal of psychology and analytical philosophy, and was the leading figure in establishing and applying the scientific method to psychology. Bain was the inaugural Regius Chair in Logic and Professor of Logic at the University of Aberdeen, where he also held Professorships in Moral Philosophy and English Literature and was twice elected Lord Rector of the University of Aberdeen.

Thomas Michael "Tim" Scanlon (; born 1940), usually cited as T. M. Scanlon, is an American philosopher. At the time of his retirement in 2016, he was the Alford Professor of Natural Religion, Moral Philosophy, and Civil Polity"The Alford Professor of Natural Religion, Moral Philosophy, and Civil Polity is among the oldest endowed chairs at Harvard University, having been first established in 1789. Past holders of the chair include Josiah Royce, Gerge Herbert Palmer, William Ernest Hocking, and Roderick Firth." in Harvard University's Department of Philosophy, where he had taught since 1984. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2018.

Robert Audi (2004, Ch. 1) points out that in applied ethics, philosophers frequently appeal to intuitions to justify their claims, even though they do not call themselves intuitionists. Audi hence uses the label "intuitivists" to refer to people who are intuitionists without labeling themselves as such. On this broad understanding of intuitionism, there are only a few ways someone doing moral philosophy might not count as an intuitionist. First, they might really refrain from relying on intuitions in moral philosophy altogether (say, by attempting to derive all moral claims from claims about what certain individuals desire).

It can refer to philosophical ethics or moral philosophy—a project that attempts to use reason to answer various kinds of ethical questions. As the English moral philosopher Bernard Williams writes, attempting to explain moral philosophy: "What makes an inquiry a philosophical one is reflective generality and a style of argument that claims to be rationally persuasive." Williams describes the content of this area of inquiry as addressing the very broad question, "how one should live". Ethics can also refer to a common human ability to think about ethical problems that is not particular to philosophy.

As non-cognitivism, the is/ought distinction, and the naturalistic fallacy began to be called into question, analytic philosophers showed a renewed interest in the traditional questions of moral philosophy. Perhaps the most influential being Elizabeth Anscombe, whose monograph Intention was called by Donald Davidson "the most important treatment of action since Aristotle".From the cover of the 2000 Harvard University Press edition of Intention. A favorite student and friend of Ludwig Wittgenstein, her 1958 article "Modern Moral Philosophy" introduced the term "consequentialism" into the philosophical lexicon, declared the "is-ought" impasse to be unproductive, and resulted in a revival of virtue ethics.

In 1903 he won the Shaw fellowship in moral philosophy at the University of Edinburgh, as had his father, the first recipient of this award. He was assistant lecturer in philosophy at the Victoria University of Manchester from 1904–1906, when he was elected a fellow and tutor in philosophy at Balliol College, Oxford. During the First World War he served in France, was mentioned twice in dispatches, and was a Lieutenant-colonel. He was Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Glasgow (1922–24). He was president of the Aristotelian Society from 1924 to 1925.

Philosophical ethics: an introduction to moral philosophy, (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw Hill, 130. Traditional utilitarianism (act utilitarianism) treats this as a claim that people should try to ensure that their actions maximize overall happiness or pleasure.Mill, John Stuart. (1863). ‘Chapter 1’.

Broadly speaking, Smith followed the views of his mentor, Francis Hutcheson of the University of Glasgow, who divided moral philosophy into four parts: Ethics and Virtue; Private rights and Natural liberty; Familial rights (called Economics); and State and Individual rights (called Politics).

Collins Denny (May 28, 1854 – May 12, 1943) was an American clergyman and educator. He was Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy at Vanderbilt University from 1891 to 1910. He served as bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South from 1910 to 1943.

Economic sociology is sometimes synonymous with socioeconomics. Socioeconomics deals with the analytical, political and moral questions arising at the intersection between economy and society from a broad interdisciplinary perspective with links beyond sociology to political economy, moral philosophy, institutional economics and history.

Maurice Pujo was born on 26 January 1872. His family was Catholic and royalist. Pujo studied at the lycée in Orléans at the same time as Charles Péguy. When he was eighteen he won a prize for an essay on Spinoza's moral philosophy.

G.E.M. Anscombe's 1958 "Modern Moral Philosophy" sparked a revival of Aristotle's virtue ethical approach and John Rawls's 1971 A Theory of Justice restored interest in Kantian ethical philosophy. Today, contemporary normative ethics is dominated by three schools: consequentialism, virtue ethics, and deontology.

Johnson and Bennett eventually met and bonded over their shared dedication to children's television and moral philosophy. From there, the two agreed to begin production on what would become Adventures."PBS Special Report: Program profiles: Adventures From the Book of Virtues." (1997).

Utilitarianism as a moral philosophy argues that maximizing happiness should be the moral standard by which our actions should be measured. It thereby stands in contrast to the rationalistic ethics of Immanuel Kant as well as to the convictions of idealism, amongst others.

Satthianadhan served as a headmaster of Rajahmundry School from 1883 to 1885 when he was appointed as a lecturer in the Government Arts College, Kumbakonam. In about 1890, Satthianadhan was appointed Professor of Logic and Moral Philosophy at the Presidency College, Madras.

From 1853 Tayler was a trustee of Dr. Williams's foundations. In October 1854–55 Tayler taught a course in Moral Philosophy at Bedford- square Ladies' College, London, founded in 1849 by Elizabeth Jesser Reid (1789–1866) who Tayler had known since 1838.

Richard W. Miller the Wyn and William Y. Hutchinson Professor in Ethics and Public Life and Director of the Program on Ethics and Public Life in the Cornell University Department of Philosophy. He specializes in moral philosophy, political philosophy, and philosophy of science.

They argued against relativism,Habermas, J. (1994): The Unity of Reason in the Diversity of Its Voices. In: Habermas, J. (Eds.): Postmetaphysical Thinking. Political Essays, Cambridge, Massachusetts: 115–48. supporting the Kantian view that universality is essential to any viable moral philosophy.

What is political philosophy? Journal of Moral Philosophy, 10 (3), 276-306. Libertarianism is a collection of political philosophies and movements that uphold liberty as a core principle. Libertarians seek to maximize political freedom and autonomy, emphasizing freedom of choice, voluntary association and individual judgment.

Burnet's patronage resulted only in a prebend's stall at Salisbury worth £20 yearly, and Colbatch returned to Cambridge at the age of forty disappointed. His university, however, elected him Professor of Casuistical Divinity in 1707, and his lectures on moral philosophy brought him a reputation.

She concentrated on topics such as religion, education, moral philosophy and biography, and in her notebooks recorded both extracts from books she had read and her commentary on them. She wrote about the position of unmarried women, and strongly held that girls should be educated.

Greaves’ current work is on issues related to effective altruism, particularly in connection to global prioritisation. Her research interests include moral philosophy (including foundational issues in consequentialism, interpersonal aggregation, population ethics, and moral uncertainty), formal epistemology, and the philosophy of physics, particularly quantum mechanics.

Rödl studied philosophy, musicology, German literature and history in Frankfurt am Main and Berlin. His work focuses on the nature of human thought and action. He contributes to philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, moral philosophy, epistemology and action theory. His influences include Hegel.

In 1830, Calvert was appointed the Chair of Moral Philosophy at the newly established College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Baltimore. In 1853, Calvert was elected Mayor of Newport, Rhode Island, and served a term from October 1853 to June 1854.

In 1906, he was promoted to Assistant Professor. In 1910, Pratt traveled to Chicago, where he met his future wife, Catherine Mariotti. They traveled to Italy in 1911 and were married. In 1917, Pratt was named the Mark Hopkins Chair of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy.

So he crafted one. Johnson's moral philosophy was influenced by Descartes and Locke, but more directly by William Wollaston's Religion of Nature Delineated and the idealist philosopher of George Berkeley, with whom Johnson studied while Berkeley was in Rhode Island between 1729 and 1731.

Though Bentham's book was not an immediate success,Schneewind, J. B. 1977. Sidgwick's Ethics and Victorian Moral Philosophy. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 122. his ideas were spread further when Pierre Étienne Louis Dumont translated edited selections from a variety of Bentham's manuscripts into French.

Flora MacDonald Mayor was born on 20 October 1872, at Kingston Hill, Surrey. Her father, Joseph Bickersteth Mayor (1828–1916), was an Anglican clergyman and professor of classics and then of moral philosophy at King's College London. John E. B. Mayor was her uncle. Her mother, Alexandrina Jessie Grote (1830–1927),Mayor, Alexandrina Jessie (1830–1927) wife of Joseph Bickersteth Mayor was niece of the utilitarian George Grote as well as the Anglican clergyman and Cambridge moral philosophy professor John Grote. Flora had two older brothers – Robert J. G. Mayor (1869–1947) and Henry B. Mayor (1870–1948) – and a twin sister, Alice M. Mayor (1872–1961).

A Short History of Ethics: A History of Moral Philosophy from the Homeric Age to the Twentieth Century is a 1966 book on the history of moral philosophy by the Scottish philosopher Alasdair MacIntyre. It is the first of a series of books by MacIntyre on the history and development of ethics. The book covers Greek ethics including Plato and Aristotle, Christian moral thought including the work of Martin Luther and writers including Niccolò Machiavelli, Montesquieu, Edmund Burke, Immanuel Kant, David Hume, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Karl Marx, Søren Kierkegaard, Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich Nietzsche. MacIntyre also discusses twentieth century philosophers including G. E. Moore, John Dewey and R. M. Hare.

Moral philosophy included politics and economics, as well as ethics.Kraye, p. 305 note 17. In his Enchiridion religionis reformae, an introductory seminary text, Walaeus gives a simplified form of the arguments of Zacharias Ursinus on natural theology; and relies little on Scripture for the existence of God.

On What Matters is a three-volume book of moral philosophy by Derek Parfit. The first two volumes were published in 2011 and the third in 2017. It is a follow-up to Parfit's 1984 book Reasons and Persons. It has an introduction by Samuel Scheffler.

Laurencekirk Parish Church Rev Prof George Cook DD FRSE (1772–1845) was a Scottish minister, author of religious tracts and professor of Moral Philosophy at St Andrews University. He served as Moderator of the Church of Scotland in 1825, the highest position within the Scottish church.

Adam Smith was a professor of moral philosophy, and he was taught by Francis Hutcheson. Figures of the time included François Quesnay, Rousseau, Giambattista Vico, William Godwin, Gabriel Bonnet de Mably, and Andre Morellet. The Encyclopédie of the time contained various works on the social sciences.

Lawrence Alan Blum (born April 16, 1943) is an American philosopher who is Distinguished Professor of Liberal Arts and Education and Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the University of Massachusetts, Boston. He is known for his work in the philosophy of education, moral philosophy, and race.

Individualism and Economic Order is a book written by Friedrich Hayek. It is a collection of essays originally published in the 1930s and 1940s, discussing topics ranging from moral philosophy to the methods of the social sciences and economic theory to contrast free markets with planned economies.

Rand described the theme of the novel as "the role of the mind in man's existence—and, as a corollary, the demonstration of a new moral philosophy: the morality of rational self-interest".Salmieri, Gregory. "Atlas Shrugged on the Role of the Mind in Man's Existence". In .

She also was made professor of literary criticism, rhetoric, and moral philosophy. Howard also taught at Mount Holyoke and Oxford Female Institute. She moved to New Jersey, where she ran a school for girls, Ivy Hall, in Bridgeton. She was president of Wellesley beginning in 1875.

He won the Berkeleyan Prize for the best Latin translation, and delivered the valedictory poem at his graduation in 1822. He entered Andover Theological Seminary and graduated in 1825. He became a professor of moral philosophy and letters at the Scientific and Military Academy at Middletown, Connecticut.

In commemoration of Buchanan's services, the Buchanan prizes were instituted in 1866, for students of the logic, moral philosophy, and English literature classes of the University of Glasgow. By his will he bequeathed £10,000 for the founding of Buchanan bursaries, for the arts classes of the university.

Macmillan, London. Perhaps the best known of these topics is Evolution and Ethics, which deals with the question of whether biology has anything particular to say about moral philosophy. Both Huxley and his grandson Julian Huxley gave Romanes Lectures on this theme.Huxley T.H. and Huxley J. 1947.

Charles Larmore (born 23 March 1950 in Baltimore, MD) is the W. Duncan MacMillan Family Professor of the Humanities and Professor of Philosophy at Brown University, noted for his writings on political liberalism as well as on various topics in moral philosophy and the history of philosophy.

Nether Catrine House was the country seat of the philosopher Dugald Stewart, Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh from 1785 and is located on the south bank of the River Ayr. It was here that the poet, Robert Burns, famously "dinner'd wi a lord".

Julie Velten Favre (November 15, 1833 – ), sometimes called Madame Jules Favre, was a French philosopher and educator. She is known for her work educating young women and for advancing a moral philosophy that advocated living a virtuous life, rather than one based on rules and punishment.

On 5 September 1705 he took on the professorship of Ethical Moral Philosophy and Politics. Müller also took his turn at administrative duties, serving several times as dean of the Philosophy faculty. During the Winter Term of 1704/05 he served as Rector at the University of Jena.

He completed his Bachelor of Arts in 1888 from Bombay University with Logic and Moral philosophy subjects. He served as a teacher at Surat in 1889. From 1890 to 1898, he served as Professor and then Vice principal at Kalabhavan, Vadodara. He was on tour to Kashmir in 1923.

How is a 2007 book by Dov Seidman dealing with the topics of organizational behavior, leadership, and moral philosophy. Since 2011, Seidman has also written The How Column, which has appeared in several publications and previously appeared in Business Week. He has also given presentations about the topic.

The Chair of Natural Philosophy is a professorship at the University of Glasgow, in Scotland, which was established in 1727 The Nova Erectio of King James VI of Scotland shared the teaching of moral philosophy, logic and natural philosophy among the regents. In 1727 separate chairs were instituted.

Augustine: Ancient Thought Baptized (Cambridge University Press, 1994). Italian edition (Milan: Vita e Pensiero, 1997); Spanish (Ediciones Destino) edition planned. 11\. Man, Soul and Body: Essays in Ancient Thought from Plato to Dionysius (Ashgate Variorum: London, 1996). 12\. On Inoculating Moral Philosophy against God (Marquette University Press, 2000). 13\.

Poets to a Poet, 1912-1940. Visva- Bharati. p. 70 Carpenter was educated at University College School, London, and the University of London, where he read mental and moral philosophy. He was minister of Oakfield Road Church in Clifton (1866-1869) and Mill Hill Chapel in Leeds (1869-1875).

However, while at Trinity College, through the influence of Hegel scholar Henry Stewart Macran (1867-1937) (professor of moral philosophy in Trinity College) he developed a deep interest in the systematic philosophy of G. W. F. Hegel (1770-1831), and graduated in philosophy in 1908.W. T. Stace Britannica.com.

Reclaiming Moral Agency: The Moral Philosophy of Albert the Great. Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University Of America Press, 2008 p.243 Albert calls this harmony, consensio, itself a certain kind of movement within the human spirit. Albert fully agrees with Aristotle in the sense that friendship is a virtue.

A System of Moral Philosophy. London, 1755, pp. 261–2. In the German Enlightenment, Hegel gave a highly developed treatment of this inalienability argument. Like Hutcheson, Hegel based the theory of inalienable rights on the de facto inalienability of those aspects of personhood that distinguish persons from things.

Jellett came from a well-known Cork family, and was born in 1821. He attended Trinity College, Dublin,“Who was Who” 1897-2007 London, A & C Black, 2007, graduated with a degree in Moral Philosophy in 1841, and was ordained deacon in 1844 and priest the following year.

Raphael Demos (; ; January 23, 1892 – August 8, 1968) was a Greek-American philosopher. He was Alford Professor of Natural Religion, Moral Philosophy and Civil Polity, emeritus, at Harvard University and an authority on the work of the Greek philosopher Plato. At Harvard, he taught Martin Luther King Jr.

Sabuco’s theory of moral philosophy incorporated traditional views of virtue ethics. Good and evil were intertwined in the world and could banish each other.Waithe, Vintro & Zorita 2007, p. 27. Her theory stated how something good could be present in evil and something evil could be present in good.

The book was created based on Seidman's training in law and moral philosophy, and what he learned at the organizational consulting firm he founded, LRN, Seidman developed the "shared values" recommendations of How at LRN, which for his company are humility, integrity, passion and truth. Thomas Friedman has expanded the How framework in a series of New York Times columns, usually involving interviews with Seidman, to apply to societal issues involving moral philosophy. These include the interaction of privacy and technology, attacks on democracy, the purpose of humanity after technology displaces work; and the escalation of "moral outrage" to protests. An expanded version of the book with a foreword by Bill Clinton appeared in 2011.

Kant's moral philosophy is also concerned with ends but only in relation to humans, where he considers it to be wrong to use an individual merely as means. The Critique of Teleology is concerned with ends in nature and so this discussion of ends is broader than in Kant's moral philosophy. Kant's most remarkable claims within his description of natural teleology are that organisms must be regarded by human beings as “natural purposes” in the Analytic of Teleological Judgement and his arguments for how to reconcile his teleological idea of organisms with a mechanistic view of nature in Dialectic of Teleological Judgement. Kant's claims about teleology have influenced both contemporary biology and the philosophy of biology.

David McNally argues in the Marxist tradition that the logic of the market inherently produces inequitable outcomes and leads to unequal exchanges, arguing that Adam Smith's moral intent and moral philosophy espousing equal exchange was undermined by the practice of the free markets he championed. The development of the market economy involved coercion, exploitation and violence that Smith's moral philosophy could not countenance. McNally also criticizes market socialists for believing in the possibility of fair markets based on equal exchanges to be achieved by purging parasitical elements from the market economy such as private ownership of the means of production. McNally argues that market socialism is an oxymoron when socialism is defined as an end to wage-based labor.

Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) Williams's work throughout the 1970s and 1980s, in Morality: An Introduction to Ethics (1972), Problems of the Self (1973), Utilitarianism: For and Against with J. J. C. Smart (1973), Moral Luck (1981) and Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy (1985), outlined his attacks on the twin pillars of ethics: utilitarianism and the moral philosophy of the 18th-century German philosopher Immanuel Kant. Martha Nussbaum wrote that his work "denounced the trivial and evasive way in which moral philosophy was being practised in England under the aegis of those two dominant theories." "Both theories simplified the moral life," she wrote, "neglecting emotions and personal attachments and how sheer luck shapes our choices."Nussbaum 2009, 213.

Retrieved 17 January 2011 Anderson graduated MA from Glasgow University in 1917, with first-class honours in Philosophy (Logic and Moral Philosophy), and first-class honours in Mathematics and Natural Philosophy. After graduation, he was awarded the Ferguson Scholarship in Philosophy and the Shaw Philosophical Fellowship, the examinations for which were open to graduates of any of the four Scottish universities.The Challis Chair: Prof John Anderson's Appointment Sydney Morning Herald, 7 December 1926, p 12 He served as Assistant in Philosophy at the University College, Cardiff (Cardiff) (1917–19), in Moral Philosophy and Logic in the University of Glasgow (1919–20) and lectured in Logic and Metaphysics at the University of Edinburgh (1920–26).

Kim earned an A.B., summa cum laude, in social justice from Harvard and Radcliffe Colleges in 1984. From 1984 to 1985, Kim attended New College, Oxford University, as a Henry Fellow (Studies in jurisprudence, political and moral philosophy). In 1988, Kim graduated with J.D., magna cum laude, from Harvard Law School.

The award cited her "extraordinary teaching that combines rigorous thought with serious engagement in the moral dilemmas facing humanity." She also co-founded and teaches in the Hope House Scholars Program, through which incarcerated women and volunteer faculty examine personal experience in the context of ethics, moral philosophy and social justice.

He was twice Vice-chancellor at Cambridge, in 1797-8 and 1813-14. In 1809 he was elected Knightbridge Professor of Moral Philosophy, which he held until 1813. He did not however, give any lectures or publish anything. He died in Cambridge at Emmanuel Lodge on 23 April 1835 aged 76.

Todd Gifford May (born 1955 in New York City, New York) is a political philosopher who writes on topics of anarchism, poststructuralism, and post- structuralist anarchism. More recently he has published books on existentialism and moral philosophy. He is currently Class of 1941 Memorial Professor of Philosophy at Clemson University.

Lenk's academic specializations comprise amongst others: epistemology, methodology and philosophy of science, incl. social sciences and technology, systems theory, neurosciences, anthropology, theoretical sociology, action theory, philosophy and psychology of creativity, achievement motivation and group dynamics, neuro- and moral philosophy as well as applied ethics, sport science and philosophy of sport.

Van Inwagen, Peter (2009). "God and other uncreated things", in Kevin Timpe & Eleonore Stump (eds.), Metaphysics and God: Essays in Honor of Eleonore Stump. Routledge. Iris Murdoch espoused Platonism in moral philosophy in her 1970 book The Sovereignty of Good. Paul Benacerraf's epistemological challenge to contemporary platonism has proved its most influential criticism.

R. Jay Wallace (born 1957) is a Professor of Philosophy and Judy Chandler Webb Distinguished Chair for Innovative Teaching and Research at the University of California, Berkeley. His areas of specialization include moral philosophy and philosophy of action. He is most noted for his work on practical reason, moral psychology, and meta-ethics.

Sexual Desire was first published in the United Kingdom in 1986 by Weidenfeld and Nicolson. Subsequent British editions include those published by Phoenix Books in 1994 and Continuum in 1996. In the United States, the book was published as Sexual Desire: A Moral Philosophy of the Erotic by Free Press in 1986.

They had several children, and two daughters survived them. He was ordained as a Congregational minister in New Milford, Connecticut from 1836 to 1843. He served as pastor at a Congregational Church in Springfield, Massachusetts from 1843 to 1846. He was elected professor of moral philosophy and metaphysics at Yale in 1846.

She later joined Anglo-vernacular classes at the Mahalakshmi Teachers Training College and matriculated in 1897. She received her Bachelor of Arts in Logic and Moral Philosophy in 1901 from Gujarat College. She and her elder sister Vidyagauri Nilkanth were the first two women graduates in Gujarat. She married Sumant Mehta in 1898.

Piero Martinetti Piero Martinetti (Pont Canavese, 21 August 1872 – Cuorgnè, 23 March 1943) was an Italian philosopher. Martinetti was professor of theoretical and moral philosophy. He was one of the few university professors, as well as the only Italian academic philosopher, to refuse to swear an oath of allegiance to the Fascist Party.

The Professor of Logic and Rhetoric is a professorship at the University of Glasgow. The Nova Erectio of King James VI of Scotland shared the teaching of moral philosophy, logic and natural philosophy among the Regents. In 1727, separate chairs were instituted, one of which was the Chair of Logic and Rhetoric.

Ruwen Ogien (2014) Ruwen Ogien (24 December, year unknown – 4 May 2017) was a contemporary French philosopher. He was a researcher (directeur de recherche) at the French National Centre for Scientific Research. His work focuses on moral philosophy and the philosophy of social science. He was the brother of Albert Ogien a sociologist.

John Colbatch (1664–11 February 1748), sometimes Colbach, was an English churchman and academic, professor of moral philosophy at Cambridge. Drawn into the long legal struggle between Richard Bentley and the fellowship of Trinity College, Cambridge, he became a chief opponent and spent a short time in prison for a tactless court appearance.

The family returned to Italy in 1908, living in various cities before settling in Genoa, where Giuseppe taught moral philosophy at the university. There was a strong socialist element in the family as a whole, growing partly out of their experiences during the First World War, which coincided with Emilia's teenage years.

Between 1714 and 1818 a great intellectual change took place that changed the British Colonies of America from a distant backwater into a leader in the fields of moral philosophy, educational reform, religious revival, industrial technology, science, and, most notably, political philosophy. It saw a consensus on a "pursuit of happiness" based political.

Problems of moral philosophy (T. Schroder, Ed. & R. Livingstone, Trans.). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Thanks to the intellectual heritage of Blau and Duncan (1967), two types of political capital were identified: #Political Capital-I refers to the political capital mainly ascribed to the status that the NGO inherited throughout history (e.g.

Mill's Utilitarianism remains "the most famous defense of the utilitarian view ever written"Scarre, Utilitarianism, p. 82. and is still widely assigned in university ethics courses around the world. Largely owing to Mill, utilitarianism rapidly became the dominant ethical theory in Anglo- American philosophy.J. B. Schneewind, Sidgwick's Ethics and Victorian Moral Philosophy.

As an academic pursuit, realism is not tied to ideology; it does not favor any particular moral philosophy, nor does it consider ideology to be a major factor in the behavior of nations. Priorities of realists have been described as Machiavellian, single-mindedly seeking the power of one's own nation over others.

Agius began teaching moral theology at the University of Malta. Later he taught bioethics, moral philosophy, moral theology, and professional ethics at under-graduate and graduate levels. He was appointed Dean of the Faculty of Theology in 2007. Agius was former member of the Council of Europe’s Steering Committee on Bioethics (CDBI).

He married Marilyn Dockfill, who eventually died of tuberculosis. Seelye was ordained in Schenectady, New York, on August 10, 1853. From 1853–1858 he was the pastor of the First Dutch Reformed Church in Schenectady. In 1858 he returned to Amherst College, serving as Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy until 1890.

There is an example in Troilus and Cressida (2.2.163) which shows that Bacon and Shakespeare shared the same interpretation of an Aristotelian view: ::Hector. Paris and Troilus, you have both said well, ::And on the cause and question now in hand ::Have glozed, but superficially: not much ::Unlike young men, whom Aristotle thought ::Unfit to hear moral philosophy: ::The reasons you allege do more conduce ::To the hot passion of distemper'd blood Bacon's similar take reads thus: "Is not the opinion of Aristotle very wise and worthy to be regarded, 'that young men are no fit auditors of moral philosophy', because the boiling heat of their affections is not yet settled, nor tempered with time and experience?"Bacon, Francis: De Augmentis, Book VII (1623).

'Smith, J.A.Knowing and Acting. Oxford University Press, 1910, pp.4-5. Smith interpreted the requirements of his professorship as metaphysical, though he is often referred to as simply a Professor of Moral Philosophy as in Alastair Horne's biography of Harold Macmillan (1894–1986): '... he [Macmillan] recalled the words with which his Professor of Moral Philosophy, J.A. Smith, had opened a lecture course in 1914: 'Nothing that you will learn in the course of your studies will be of the slightest possible use to you in after life – save only this – if you work hard and diligently you should be able to detect when a man is talking rot, and that, in my view, is the main, if not the sole, purpose of education.Horne, A. Macmillan.

Market abolitionists such as David McNally argue in the Marxist tradition that the logic of the market inherently produces inequitable outcomes and leads to unequal exchanges, arguing that Adam Smith's moral intent and moral philosophy espousing equal exchange was undermined by the practice of the free market he championed—the development of the market economy involved coercion, exploitation and violence that Smith's moral philosophy could not countenance. McNally criticizes market socialists for believing in the possibility of fair markets based on equal exchanges to be achieved by purging parasitical elements from the market economy such as private ownership of the means of production, arguing that market socialism is an oxymoron when socialism is defined as an end to wage labour.

He was appointed Lecturer in Moral Philosophy at Glasgow in 1910, and Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Sheffield in 1914, before becoming Professor of Logic and Philosophy at University College Cardiff (now Cardiff University) in 1915. He worked in the Secretariat of the 1919 International Labour Conference of the League of Nations in Washington, D.C.. In 1920, he moved to University College Exeter as Professor of Philosophy and Principal of the College, and returned to Glasgow in 1924 as Professor of Moral Philosophy. In 1927, he became Vice-Chancellor of the University of Liverpool, but returned to Glasgow again in 1936, as Principal and Vice-Chancellor of the University. He served in this position for twenty-five years, retiring in 1961.

Arendt herself had written in her book "This was outrageous, on the face of it, and also incomprehensible, since Kant's moral philosophy is so closely bound up with man's faculty of judgment, which rules out blind obedience." Arendt's reply to Fest was subsequently corrupted to read (No one has the right to obey), which has been widely reproduced, although it does encapsulate an aspect of her moral philosophy. The phrase has become one of her iconic images, appearing on the wall of the house in which she was born (see Commemorations), among other places. A fascist bas-relief on the Palazzo degli Uffici Finanziari (1942), in the Piazza del Tribunale, Bolzano, Italy celebrating Mussolini, read Credere, Obbedire, Combattere (Believe, Obey, Combat).

The Elements of Moral Philosophy is a 1986 ethics textbook by the philosophers James Rachels and Stuart Rachels. It explains a number of moral theories and topics, including cultural relativism, subjectivism, divine command theory, ethical egoism, social contract theory, utilitarianism, Kantian ethics, and deontology. The book uses real-life examples in explaining the theories.

He returned to Oxford as White's Professor of Moral Philosophy (1937–52), a post which carried with it a Fellowship at Corpus Christi College.Who's Who, 1965, London, A. & C. Black, 1965, p. 2364. Paton was a notable Kantian scholar; in this he abandoned his earlier attraction to the idealist philosophy of Benedetto Croce (1866-1952).

Here he taught philosophy and mathematics. A few months later, in 1859, he was appointed Professor of the Chair of Philosophy at the University of Malta. His teaching compliments here were various: intellectual philosophy, moral philosophy, and metaphysics. During the same time, he was also member of the Committee of the National Library of Malta.

David French Boyd (October 5, 1834 - May 27, 1899) was an American teacher and educational administrator. He served as the first head of Louisiana State University (LSU), where he was a professor of mathematics and moral philosophy. He was also briefly the president of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Alabama (now Auburn University).

9; de Finibus, v. 5. In the long list of his works, given by Diogenes Laërtius, several of the titles are upon subjects of moral philosophy, but the great majority belong to the department of physical science. None of his writings survive, his views are known only from the fragmentary reports preserved by later writers.

Scottish Philosophy of this time overlaps with the period of Scottish Enlightenment. The Enlightenment was a period of rapid expansion of knowledge in all academic disciplines not limited to philosophy. Scottish philosophers of this time were extensively studied. The prominent ideas of this century include aesthetics, moral philosophy, natural law, rhetoric, common sense philosophy, etc.

The Autonomy of Ethics, Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 38(3): 199–206. The fact–value distinction is closely related to, and derived from, the is–ought problem in moral philosophy, characterized by David Hume (1711–1776). The terms are often used interchangeably, though philosophical discourse concerning the is–ought problem does not usually encompass aesthetics.

Deontological libertarianism is the form of libertarianism officially supported by the Libertarian Party in the United States. In order to become a card-carrying member, one must sign an oath opposing the initiation of force to achieve political or social goals.Yeager, Leland B. (2001). Ethics As Social Science: The Moral Philosophy of Social Cooperation.

Albert mentions friendship in his work, De bono, as well as presenting his ideals and morals of friendship in the very beginning of Tractatus II. Later in his life he published Super Ethica.Cunningham, Stanley. Reclaiming Moral Agency: The Moral Philosophy of Albert the Great. Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University Of America Press, 2008 p.

Alan Gewirth (November 28, 1912 – May 9, 2004) was an American philosopher, a professor of philosophy at the University of Chicago, and author of Reason and Morality (1978), Human Rights: Essays on Justification and Applications (1982), The Community of Rights (1996), Self-Fulfillment (1998), and numerous other writings in moral philosophy and political philosophy.

The academy received its charter from the State Assembly on February 17, 1819. The school was operated by Methodists, spiritual culture was emphasized over training for a profession. The curriculum included chemistry, biology, natural and moral philosophy, botany and Latin, among other subjects. John James Audubon taught drawing there in May and June 1822.

Davis taught at Delaware College and then at Howard College (now Samford University) in 1852.Alfred L. Brophy, The Southern Scholar: Howard College Before the Civil War, Cumberland Law Review 46 (2015): 289-309. Davis delivered a graduation address at Howard College in 1854. Later he taught moral philosophy at the University of Virginia.

Garrett Michael Cullity is an Australian philosopher and Hughes Professor of Philosophy at the University of Adelaide. He is known for his research on moral philosophy. Cullity is a Fellow of Australian Academy of the Social Sciences and Australian Academy of the Humanities, and a former president of Australasian Association of Philosophy (2012-2013).

Rachels retired from chess in 1993. In 1999, he became an assistant professor in the Philosophy Department at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. In 2004, he was promoted to associate professor. He has released later editions of some of his father's books, notably The Elements of Moral Philosophy and Problems from Philosophy.

Alumni Oxonienses, 1715-1886 Part II Vol ii (Surnames beginning S-Z) A philosopher, he was Fellow of Corpus from 1849 to'University Intelligence' The Times Wednesday, Mar. 2, 1853 Issue 21365 p.6 1869; White's Professor of Moral Philosophy at the university from 1846 to 1874; and President of Corpus from 1872 until his death.

Moral reasoning is a study in psychology that overlaps with moral philosophy. Starting from a young age, people can make moral decisions about what is right and wrong; this makes morality fundamental to the human condition. Moral reasoning, however, is a part of morality that occurs both within and between individuals.Raine, A. & Yang, Y. (2006).

He was also professor of mental and moral philosophy at Vassar. His varied gifts and accomplishments found scope for their highest exercise in these roles. He had accepted the presidency at Vassar despite his recent resignation from the Polytechnic presidency due to health concerns. He died on August 14, 1878 in Poughkeepsie, New York.

Schiff, pp. 27–29. Chadwick moved to Brooklyn with his family at the age of 12. Biographer Andrew Schiff writes that Henry Chadwick "was not brought up to value possessions or with an understanding of commerce and trade; rather he received an education that was drenched in moral philosophy and science."Schiff, p. 26.

He moved to New York City once the revolution was over. There he was professor of German in Columbia University from 1784 to 1795, and professor of moral philosophy from 1787 to 1795. He was a regent of New York University in 1784, and a trustee of Columbia in 1787. He became wealthy by buying soldiers' land warrants.

Simon formulated the concept within a novel approach to rationality, which posits that rational choice theory is an unrealistic description of human decision processes and calls for psychological realism. He referred to this approach as bounded rationality. Some consequentialist theories in moral philosophy use the concept of satisficing in the same sense, though most call for optimization instead.

Hutcheson had abandoned the psychological view of moral philosophy, claiming that motives were too fickle to be used as a basis for a philosophical system. Instead, he hypothesised a dedicated "sixth sense" to explain morality. This idea, to be taken up by David Hume (see Hume's A Treatise of Human Nature), claimed that man is pleased by utility.

Ord's work has been primarily in moral philosophy. In applied ethics, he has worked on bioethics, the demands of morality, and global priority setting. He has also made contributions in global health, as an advisor to the 3rd edition of Disease Control Priorities Project. In normative ethics, his research has focused on consequentialism, and on moral uncertainty.

Thomas White (c.1550–1624) was an English clergyman, founder of Sion College, London, and of White's professorship of moral philosophy at the University of Oxford. Thomas Fuller in Worthies of England acquits him of being a pluralist or usurer; he made a number of other bequests, and was noted in his lifetime for charitable gifts.

In 1385 he was lector at the studium of St. Croce.p. 131 note 50; Google Books. From 1387 to 1390 he taught moral philosophy at the University of Pavia.Luca Carlo Rossi, Le strade di Ercole: itinerari umanistici e altri percorsi : Seminario internazionale per i centenari di Coluccio Salutati e Lorenzo Valla : Bergamo, 25-26 ottobre 2007 (2010), p.

Her work in ancient philosophy is centred on ethical theory and epistemology; she has published several commented translations of Plato (Gorgias, Ion, Euthydème, Ménon) and various books. She has also taken an active part in the renewal of moral philosophy in France, with the creation in 1993 of a book collection by the Presses Universitaires de France.

Smith, Joseph. History of Jefferson College: Including an Account of the Early "Log-Cabin" Schools, and the Canonsburg Academy. Pittsburgh: J.T. Shryock, 1857. There he studied mathematics and Natural philosophy with Samuel Miller, A.M.; languages and Moral philosophy with James Dunlap and, there, he began his theological matriculations under John McMillan, one of the founders of the school.

In early 1946,Date from Thinker at War: Rawls, published in Military History Monthly, 13 June 2014, accessed 20 November 2014. Rawls returned to Princeton to pursue a doctorate in moral philosophy. He married Margaret Warfield Fox, a Brown University graduate, in 1949. They had four children, Anne Warfield, Robert Lee, Alexander Emory, and Elizabeth Fox.

Ayatollah Nekoonam has been teaching over 40 years at Qom Seminary. Some of the main areas where he has written many books on include fiqh (advanced Islamic jurisprudence), usul (advanced Islamic principles), Islamic mysticism, philosophy, moral philosophy, sociology, economics, history, politics, psychology, law, studies of angels and jinn, dream interpretation, poetry, music, women, seminaries, medicine, Koranic exegesis, etymology, etc.

They carry implicit or explicit messages of moral philosophy. Facing problems due to his antirevolutionary ideas against the Republic, Boisard left Paris and returned to Caen. The city was incidentally a centre of "federalist" insurgents against the revolutionary government. One of its citizens, Charlotte Corday, in 1793, murdered a prominent leader of the Revolution, Jean Paul Marat.

Sefer HaTanya, Shneur Zalman's magnum opus, is the first schematic treatment of Hasidic moral philosophy and its metaphysical foundations. The original name of the first book is Sefer Shel Beinonim, the "Book of the Intermediates." It is also known as Likutei Amarim — "Collected Sayings." Sefer Shel Beinonim analyzes the inner struggle of the individual and the path to resolution.

Rachels' best-known work is The Elements of Moral Philosophy. It went to its sixth edition in 2009, having been revised by Rachels' son, Stuart Rachels. Among the subjects covered are ethical and simple subjectivism, emotivism, as well as ethical and psychological egoism. The text uses real- world examples to highlight points regarding complicated philosophical principles.

Principlism is an applied ethics approach to the examination of moral dilemmas that is based upon the application of certain ethical principles. This approach to ethical decision-making has been adopted enthusiastically in many different professional fields, largely because it sidesteps complex debates in moral philosophy at the theoretical level."Principlism." In Encyclopedia of Bioethics. via Encyclopedia.com.

He then became the tutor of two sons of a gentleman in Valencia. He then moved on to the University of Paris to complete his studies. Afterwards, he became professor of moral philosophy at the Colegio de San Bartolomé, University of Salamanca. After he was ordained as a priest, he became a professor of Christian theology.

107 He finally deduces that he must therefore not look for his identity within himself, but in the image which he creates among others.Brinker, Menahem. "A Double Clearing of the Fog: Sartre's "The Childhood of a Leader" and Its Relation to His Philosophy" in Toker, Leona (ed. and introd.); Commitment in Reflection: Essays in Literature and Moral Philosophy.

In 1850 he replaced Professor John Wilson as Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh. He then moved to a large townhouse at 38 Great King Street in Edinburgh's New Town.Edinburgh Post Office Directory 1850 His appointment was made by the town council. For various reasons he did not actively take the Chair until 1853.

Cleghorn is primarily remembered for being a rival of the more famous philosopher David Hume. In 1744 and 1745, Hume and Cleghorn were competing candidates for the position of Chair of Pneumatics and Moral Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh. Hume was arguably the better of the two candidates. He is clearly of greater historical importance.

In Carroll Camden (ed.), Restoration and Eighteenth-Century Literature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press: 297–308 It has also been claimed that Cleghorn recommended, shortly before his death, that Ferguson be given the Chair of Pneumatics and Moral Philosophy once he had died. Ferguson was not given the Chair at this time, although he was given it later.

In 1901, he became a lecturer in philosophy at Wesley College, Winnipeg. In 1906, he became the Ryerson Professor of moral philosophy at Victoria University. In 1907, he wrote The Study of Nature and the Vision of God: With Other Essays in Philosophy. His second book The Christian View of the World was published in 1912.

In 1601, Charron published in Bordeaux his third work, De la sagesse, a system of moral philosophy that develops ideas of Montaigne. Charron also connected Montaigne's scepticism with the anti-rational strand in Christianity.Richard Popkin, The History of Scepticism from Erasmus to Spinoza (1979), p. 56-7. It received the support of Henry IV and of magistrate Pierre Jeannin.

Colonial scientific curricula between 1750 and 1850, included rudimentary studies in astronomy, mathematics, medicine, chemistry, natural philosophy, natural history and moral philosophy. As the colony grew by the beginning of the 19th century, a number of amateur "scientists", notably in Montreal and Toronto, began to record and study nature as a gentlemanly pursuit and established local learned societies.

Sarah Jean Broadie (née Waterlow) is currently Professor of Moral Philosophy and Wardlaw Professor at the University of St Andrews. Broadie specialises in ancient philosophy, with a particular emphasis on Aristotle and Plato. Her work engages with metaphysics and both ancient and contemporary ethics. She has achieved numerous honours throughout her career as an academic philosopher.

He then went to the University of Edinburgh to study divinity. He was licensed to preach in 1748. In 1750 he returned to the Universityof Aberdeen to lecture in moral philosophy, becoming a professor in 1752, based at Marischal College. From 1760 to 1771 he was professor of divinity at Marischal, moving to King's College in 1771.

Auxier's areas of specialization are American philosophy, post-Kantian continental philosophy, process and systematic philosophy/theology, history of philosophy, metaphysics, moral philosophy, theology, political theory, and philosophy of education. He has been awarded the Jacobsen Prize in Process Metaphysics from the International Society for Universalism and the Douglas Greenlee Prize from the Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy.

George Henry Calvert (January 2, 1803 – May 24, 1889) was an American editor, essayist, dramatist, poet, and biographer.Biographical sketch from the Dictionary of Literary Biography He was the Chair of Moral Philosophy at the newly established College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Baltimore, and in 1854 he served as Mayor of Newport, Rhode Island.

370 Raphael includes sections on economics, psychology, the teaching of children, and political philosophy. His moral philosophy is defined in his college textbook Elementa Philosophica as "the Art of pursuing our highest Happiness by the practice of virtue".Schneider, Herbert and Carol, Samuel Johnson, President of King's College: His Career and Writings, Columbia University Press, 4 vols.

Lectures could be attended at Oxford colleges as well as The Schools. The following subjects could be studied at Plater: Theology, Moral Philosophy, Ethics, Law, Pastoral Studies, Politics, Philosophy and Economics, Psychology, Social Studies, Sociology, Criminology. Students also undertook a course in Christianity and Society. Additional study could be undertaken in English, Mathematics and Quantitative Methods.

He discussed this subject in the correspondence with Princess Elisabeth of Bohemia, and as a result wrote his work The Passions of the Soul, that contains a study of the psychosomatic processes and reactions in man, with an emphasis on emotions or passions.Blom, John J., Descartes. His moral philosophy and psychology. New York University Press. 1978.

In 2003 he was ordained as an Orthodox rabbi by Machon Pirchei Shoshanim (Israel). He graduated with a bachelor's degree from Yeshiva University where he majored in philosophy and mathematics, and was awarded a Ph.D. in Moral Philosophy from Columbia University.Rosen, Jane Calem. "Local rabbi new head of interfaith center", New Jersey Jewish Standard, August 9, 2007.

These works gained him membership of the Real Academia de la Historia. In his later years he also wrote on astronomy, Disertaciones astronómicas and Filosofía moral de Aristóteles, astronomical dissertations and the moral philosophy of Aristotle. He was a member of the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando. He died on 24 April 1789 in Tarifa.

Koterski is the editor or author of numerous articles and reviews. Since 1994, he has served as editor-in-chief of International Philosophical Quarterly. He is editor of the annual proceedings of the University for Life organization, Life and Learning. Since 1999, he is co-editor of the Fordham University Press Series in Moral Philosophy and Moral Theology.

T. W. Baldwin said that "in Shakespeare's day De Officiis was the pinnacle of moral philosophy".T.W.Baldwin, "William Shakspere's Small Latine & lesse Greeke", Vol. 2, University of Illinois Press, 1944, p. 590, Available online Sir Thomas Elyot, in his popular Governour (1531), lists three essential texts for bringing up young gentlemen: Plato's works, Aristotle's Ethics, and De Officiis.

CHAMPS is an acronym for "Character Education; Health Education; Active Citizenry; Moral Philosophy; Physical Education; & Student Leadership Development". It is a unique and integrated Pupil Development Programme (PDP) designed by the school. It focuses on the development of values and character. It seeks to develop life skills, and the social, national, cultural and moral consciousness of the students.

Francisco Zumel, by Francisco de Zurbarán Francisco Zumel (ca. 1540-1607) was a Spanish philosopher and ecclesiastic. He was superior general of the Mercedarian Order and professor of physics and moral philosophy at the University of Salamanca. He was a Thomist and is most remembered for his polemical writings against the molinistas, the followers of Luis Molina.

Roger Stephen Crisp (born 23 March 1961) is fellow and tutor in philosophy at St. Anne’s College, Oxford.Profile page: Roger Crisp, St. Annes, Oxford University. He holds the university posts of Professor of Moral Philosophy and Uehiro Fellow and Tutor in Philosophy. His work falls principally within the field of ethics, in particular metaethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics.

He wrote his own commentaries on the Confucian classics (including five on the Yijing or Book of Changes), and gradually developed his own philosophical system. He wrote on many topics, including metaphysics, epistemology, moral philosophy, poetry, and politics. Apart from Confucius, he was also influenced by the prominent early Song Dynasty neo-Confucians Zhang Zai and Zhu Xi.

The overarching goal of utilitarianism—the ideal consequence—is to achieve the "greatest good for the greatest number as the end result of human action."Freeman, Stephen J., Dennis W. Engels, and Michael K. Altekruse. "Foundations for Ethical Standards and Codes: The Role of Moral Philosophy and Theory in Ethics", Counseling and Values, vol. 48, no.

In Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan the argument that the fear of God also committed the state as an inferior power, was borrowed from a theological tradition which was also very common in Christian Patristic and its reception of the Tanakh. Mendelssohn obviously used Hobbes' moral philosophy to address the present conditions in the French and the Habsburg Monarchy and its Roman Catholic constitution, but his main address was probably Prussia and its "philosopher king". But Mendelssohn's "triumph" over Hobbes did not mean that Hobbes' condition of human nature was not important for his own political theory. Hobbes' impressive justification of a social contract was much more useful for the rhetorical needs of Haskalah than Rousseau's contrat sociale, because his moral philosophy reflected very deeply the consequences of the abuse of political power.

This is probably the main reason why Donato Acciaiuoli's commentary on Aristotle's Ethics (first published in 1478) was so successful: it blended the three traditions beautifully. Other movements from ancient philosophy also re-entered the mainstream. This was never really the case for Epicureanism, which was almost always caricatured and considered with suspicion, but Skepticism and Pyrrhonism did make a comeback thanks to writers like Michel de Montaigne, and the movement of Stoicism made an impressive re- appearance in the writings of Justus Lipsius.On the melding of various traditions in moral philosophy see especially Jill Kraye, 'Moral Philosophy', in The Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy' In all of these cases it is impossible to separate the pagan philosophical doctrines from the Christian filter through which they were approached and made legitimate.

David McNally of the University of Houston argues in the Marxist tradition that the logic of the market inherently produces inequitable outcomes and leads to unequal exchanges, arguing that Adam Smith's moral intent and moral philosophy espousing equal exchange was undermined by the practice of the free market he championed. According to McNally, the development of the market economy involved coercion, exploitation and violence that Smith's moral philosophy could not countenance. McNally criticizes free- market anarchism and other market socialists for believing in the possibility of fair markets based on equal exchanges to be achieved by purging parasitical elements from the market economy such as private ownership of the means of production, arguing that market socialism is an oxymoron when socialism is defined as an end to wage labour.

According to Smith, the landlords should be in favour of policies which contribute to the growth in the wealth of nations, but they often are not in favour of these pro-growth policies because of their own indolent- induced ignorance and intellectual flabbiness. Critics and market abolitionists such as David McNally argue in the Marxist tradition that the logic of the market inherently produces inequitable outcomes and leads to unequal exchanges, arguing that Smith's moral intent and moral philosophy espousing equal exchange was undermined by the practice of the free market he championed. According to McNally, the development of the market economy involved coercion, exploitation and violence that Smith's moral philosophy could not countenance. The British economist John Maynard Keynes condemned laissez-faire economic policy on several occasions.

Ethical intuitionism was popular in the early twentieth century, particularly among British analytic philosophers. H.A. Prichard gave a defense of the view in his "Does Moral Philosophy Rest on a Mistake?" (1912), wherein he contended that moral philosophy rested chiefly on the desire to provide arguments starting from non-normative premises for the principles of obligation that we pre-philosophically accept, such as the principle that one ought to keep one's promises or that one ought not to steal. This is a mistake, Prichard argued, both because it is impossible to derive any statement about what one ought to do from statements not concerning obligation (even statements about what is good), and because there is no need to do so since common sense principles of moral obligation are self-evident.

John returned to University in 1919, he joined the Fabian Society in 1919 and dissolved it in 1921. The New University Labour Club was initiated by John as well as the Critic's Club; he also had poetry published in the Glasgow University magazine from November 1920 until February 1923. Grierson received the Buchan Prize in the Ordinary Class of English Language in the academic year of 1919-20, he also received the prize and first-class certificate in the academic year of 1920-21 in the Ordinary Class of Moral Philosophy and graduated with a Master of Arts in English and Moral Philosophy in 1923. In 1923, he received a Rockefeller Research Fellowship to study in the United States at the University of Chicago, and later at Columbia and the University of Wisconsin–Madison.

James Mackintosh wrote that Price was attempting to revive moral obligation. Théodore Simon Jouffroy preferred Price to Cudworth, Reid and Dugald Stewart. See also William Whewell's History of Moral Philosophy in England; Alexander Bain's Mental and Moral Sciences; and Thomas Fowler's monograph on Shaftesbury and Hutcheson. For Price, right and wrong belong to actions in themselves, and he rejects consequentialism.

Peirce, R. "Memoirs of the Bath". Bath. 1713 Carmichael graduated at Edinburgh University in 1691, and became a regent at St Andrews. In 1694 he was elected a master in the university of Glasgow – an office that was converted into the professorship of moral philosophy in 1727, when the system of masters was abolished at Glasgow. He died in Glasgow.

Archibald Arthur FRSE (6 September 1744 - 14 June 1797) was a Scottish Enlightenment philosopher. An alumnus of the University of Glasgow, he served as University chaplain from 1774 - 1794, and librarian from 1780 - 1794. Between 1780 and 1794 he worked as an assistant to Professor of Moral Philosophy Thomas Reid, taking on the latter's teaching duties, and succeeding him in 1796.

M., Klostermann 1969, p. 3. His father died when he was six years old, and from that point on he was raised by his mother. Leibniz's father had been a Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Leipzig, and the boy later inherited his father's personal library. He was given free access to it from the age of seven.

Galea was born in Valletta in 1851. He studied at the bishop’s seminary and at the University of Malta. He was ordained a priest in 1874. His main intellectual endeavour was to study, elaborate upon and teach Thomistic writings and doctrines, of which he was an expert. Specifically, he applied his studies to his pastoral work, particularly by focusing on Aquinas’ moral philosophy.

In his later career, Shaler served as Harvard's Dean of Sciences and was considered one of the university's most popular teachers.Bacon, H. Philip (1955). "Fireworks in the Classroom: Nathaniel Southgate Shaler as a Teacher," Journal of Geography 54, p. 350. He published scores of long and short treatises in his lifetime, with subjects ranging from topographical surveys to moral philosophy.

Hannen was born on 24 August 1842. He was the 6th son (and 13th child) of James Hannen of Kingswood, Dulwich. He was educated at the City of London School and University College London where he obtained a BA in 1862 with honours in logic and moral philosophy. He was called to the Bar at the Inner Temple in 1866.

4 July 2017. 9 July 2017. He retained primarily Jesus' moral philosophy, of which he approved, and also included the Second Coming, a future judgment, Heaven, Hell, and a few other supernatural events. This compilation was completed about 1820, but Jefferson did not make these works public, acknowledging "The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth" existence only to a few friends.

John Niemeyer Findlay, a moral philosophy and metaphysics professor at Yale University, wrote Axiological Ethics in 1970. Findlay's book is a modern historical account of academic discussion around axiological ethics. As such, it contains discussion of other philosophers' and his own concluding remarks regarding the topic. Findlay advocates for inquiry into values behind ethical theories and what justifications exist for them.

Catherine Warren Wilson (born 28 March 1951) is a British/American/Canadian philosopher. She was formerly Anniversary Professor at the University of York and from 2009-2012 the Regius Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Aberdeen. She is known for her interdisciplinary studies of visuality, moral psychology and aesthetics, and especially early microscopy and Epicurean atomism and materialism.

The medieval tradition in casuistry went under the name casus conscientiae, "cases of conscience". It took the form of moral principles shown as applied to particular situations. It was taken up by 17th century writers, both Catholic and Protestant. When Reformed theologians adopted casuistry, it was in a distinctive style: concise and biblical, and largely denying the separation of moral philosophy from theology.

He then moved to the University of Edinburgh, where he held the Chair of Moral Philosophy until his retirement in 1958. Macmurray and his wife had no children. After his retirement, they moved to the village of Jordans, Buckinghamshire, where they both joined the Society of Friends. In 1970 they returned to Edinburgh, where Macmurray died on 21 June 1976.

Illustration of King's College, New York City, about 1773 Johnson had been considering a college in New York since 1749.Ellis, p. 174. In 1750, Johnson began to exchange a series of letters with Benjamin Franklin over the founding of a "new-model" or "English" college. Franklin admired Johnson's moral philosophy, and asked him to head up a proposed College of Philadelphia.

Millar argued in terms of a "system of manners" associated with each of the four stages. He also discussed the advance of freedom, and denounced slavery. As property became more complex, it followed that government did so also. Poovey states that this work makes apparent the relationship of conjectural history with the experimental moral philosophy of Thomas Reid and George Turnbull.

Honneth's work focuses on social-political and moral philosophy, especially relations of power, recognition, and respect. One of his core arguments is for the priority of intersubjective relationships of recognition in understanding social relations. This includes non- and mis-recognition as a basis of social and interpersonal conflict. For instance, grievances regarding the distribution of goods in society are ultimately struggles for recognition.

When Oberlin opened its doors in 1834, Fairchild entered as a freshman. He graduated in 1838. The year after graduation he was appointed tutor in the college, was ordained in 1841, and in 1842 became professor of Latin and Greek. In 1847, he was transferred to the chair of mathematics, and in 1858 to that of theology and moral philosophy.

He matriculated with an arts degree in 1911, taking distinction in Latin, Hellenistic Greek, and Moral Philosophy. He failed Geography, and re- sat it to graduate with an MA in 1914. Blood served with the 4th Royal Scots Fusiliers during World War I. He achieved the rank of Captain. He was wounded in Gallipoli and afterwards walked with a limp.

Franks was educated at Bristol Grammar School and Queen's College, Oxford. He became an Oxford academic, and Provost of Worcester College. He was a moral philosopher by training, serving as Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Glasgow between 1936 and 1946. Oliver Shewell Franks married Barbara Tanner on 3 July 1931 at a Quaker meeting in Redland, Bristol.

Consequentialist libertarianism, also known as consequentialist liberalism or libertarian consequentialism,Yeager, Leland B. (2001). Ethics As Social Science: The Moral Philosophy of Social Cooperation. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 283 is the libertarian position that is supportive of a free market and strong private property rights only on the grounds that they bring about favorable consequences such as prosperity or efficiency.

Knowing Animals, which was launched in 2015, includes the main Knowing Animals series and a second series called Protecting Animals, which features interviews with animal advocates about their practical work for animals. O'Sullivan is a key figure in the "political turn" in animal ethics (i.e., the emergence of animal ethics informed by political theory rather than moral philosophy).Garner, Robert (forthcoming).

Godfrey of Fontaines (born sometime before 1250, died October 29 in 1306 or 1309). His name in Latin was Godefridus de Fontibus, and was a scholastic philosopher and theologian, designated by the title Doctor Venerandus. He made contributions to a diverse range of subjects ranging from moral philosophy to epistemology. However, he is best known today for his work on metaphysics.

Irish received a B.A. degree with high honors in philosophy from the University of Michigan in 1962 after having transferred from Stanford University where she began her studies in 1958. Also at Michigan she was granted membership in the Phi Kappa Phi Honorary Society. In 1968, she earned a Master of Letters (M.Litt) degree in moral philosophy from Linacre College, University of Oxford.

Jiang also intimated that Falun Gong's moral philosophy was at odds with the atheist values of Marxist–Leninism, and therefore constituted a form of ideological competition.Jiang Zemin, Letter to Party cadres on the evening of 25 April 1999. Published in Beijing Zhichun no. 97 (June 2001) Jiang is held by Falun Gong to be personally responsible for this decision to persecute Falun Gong.

In 1889 Drever began his studies at the University of Edinburgh. He graduated in four years with a Master of Arts degree. This was a seven-subject curriculum in Latin, Greek, mathematics, natural philosophy, logic and psychology, moral philosophy, rhetoric and English literature. Drever went on to study medicine for two years but exhaustion and financial difficulty halted his education.

Baird was educated at St. Margaret's School, Aberdeen and St. Leonards in St Andrews. At 16, she went to Aberdeen University to study English, moral philosophy, psychology and economic history and winning subject prizes and graduated from Aberdeen University (MA 1949). Turning from philsophy, Baird went on to study medicine at Aberdeen graduating MBChB in1954. Baird captained the Scottish University women's hockey team.

Margaret Gilbert (born 1942) is a British philosopher best known for her founding contributions to the analytic philosophy of social phenomena. She has also made substantial contributions to other philosophical fields including political philosophy, the philosophy of law, and in ethics. She is currently a Distinguished Professor and the Abraham I. Melden Chair in Moral Philosophy at the University of California, Irvine.

Unless moral philosophy provides us with a flawless ethical theory, an AI's utility function could allow for many potentially harmful scenarios that conform with a given ethical framework but not "common sense". According to Eliezer Yudkowsky, there is little reason to suppose that an artificially designed mind would have such an adaptation.Yudkowsky, Eliezer. 2011. "Complex Value Systems in Friendly AI".

She served as Associate Professor of Philosophy at Pomona College from 1997 to 2000. Bok was also a Laurance S. Rockefeller Visiting Fellow at the Princeton University Center for Human Values from 1994 to 1995. Her areas of specialization are bioethics, moral philosophy, free will, and the works of Immanuel Kant. She is a faculty member of the Berman Institute of Bioethics.

In 1981, she was admitted in the department of practical philosophy in the Universidad de Valencia. In 1986, she became Professor of Moral Philosophy, relative to economy, business and the discrimination of women, the war, ecology, genetics, etc. These are topics that the author cultivates in her work. She is married to philosopher and professor at the Universidad de Valencia, Jesús Conill.

Montagu was a copious writer of letters to her coterie and beyond. They include discussions of health, domestic arraignments, travel plans and reports of social events. About a third of her correspondence focuses on culture such as theatre, opera, public spectacles, moral philosophy and divinity. Of these topics, history was discussed more than twice as much as any other topic.

213 by John Witherspoon, a Scottish immigrant and educator who was invited to be President of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University). He was a Presbyterian minister and a delegate who joined the Continental Congress just days before the Declaration was debated. His moral philosophy was based on the work of the Scottish philosopher Francis Hutcheson, who also influenced John Adams.

Justice Scalia, joined by Justice Thomas, concurred. Scalia attacked Breyer for offering "a white paper devoid of any meaningful legal argument."135 S. Ct. at 2747 (Scalia, J., concurring). Mocking Breyer's use of statistics, Scalia wrote "if only Aristotle, Aquinas, and Hume knew that moral philosophy could be so neatly distilled into a pocket-sized, vade mecum 'system of metrics'".

A detailed inventory of his property by the notary Lemaitre La Morille on 11 July 1765 listed just five books: Pratique civile et criminelle (Civil and Criminal Practice) by M. Lange, Philosophie morale (Moral Philosophy) by Louis Delanclache, Dictionnaire français-latin (French–Latin Dictionary), Oeuvres de Virgile (Works of Virgil) and Instructions generales sur la juridiction consulaire (General instructions on consular jurisdiction).

He was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1816.American Antiquarian Society Members Directory He published Elements of Logick (Cambridge, 1816), which went through many editions, and was translated into German. In 1827 he moved to the Alford professorship of natural religion, moral philosophy, and civil polity. That year, also prepared an abridgment of Thomas Brown's Mental Philosophy (1827).

After serving in the Civil War, Scott attended Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania and Union Theological Seminary. Immediately after graduating, he began teaching ancient languages at Lafayette. An ordained Presbyterian minister, Scott led Arch Street Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from 1874 to 1878. Scott's taught at Wooster College in 1878, where he was professor of mental and moral philosophy and political economy.

Among the famous pupils of Isserles should be mentioned David Gans and Mordecai Jaffe, the latter of whom studied also under Luria. Another distinguished rabbinical scholar of that period was Eliezer b. Elijah Ashkenazi (1512-1585) of Kraków. His Ma'ase ha-Shem (Venice, 1583) is permeated with the spirit of the moral philosophy of the Sephardic school, but is extremely mystical.

For if nature's only value is its instrumental value to humans, then environmental ethics is just a species of applied ethics, similar to bioethics and business ethics, not a completely new domain of ethical theory or moral philosophy. Callicott offers a subjectivist theory of nature's intrinsic value:Callicott, J. Baird (1990). “Rolston on Intrinsic Value: A Deconstruction.” Environmental Ethics 12: 99-124.

His legal and intellectual interests took him frequently abroad, and in 1735 he formed a close friendship with Montesquieu in Paris. He took up a broad spectrum of intellectual pursuits that encompassed ancient and modern history, art, literature, and moral philosophy; in 1736 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society .‘Mitchell, Sir Andrew’, Library and Archive catalogue of the Royal Society.

Mrongovius, son of Bartholomeus, was born in Hohenstein, Kingdom of Prussia (now Olsztynek in Poland). Mrongovius attended a school in Saalfeld (present-day Zalewo), and then studied at the cathedral school in Königsberg. He matriculated on 21 March 1782 at Königsberg University. During his second semester, he attended Immanuel Kant's metaphysics lectures, followed by theology, logic, anthropology and moral philosophy, and physics.

Prichard gave an influential defence of ethical intuitionism in his "Does Moral Philosophy Rest on a Mistake?" (1912), wherein he contended that moral philosophy rested chiefly on the desire to provide arguments, starting from non-normative premises, for the principles of obligation that we pre-philosophically accept, such as the principle that one ought to keep one's promises or that one ought not steal. This is a mistake, he argued, both because it is impossible to derive any statement about what one ought to do from statements not concerning obligation (even statements about what is good), and because there is no need to do so since common sense principles of moral obligation are self-evident. The essay laid a groundwork for ethical intuitionism and provided inspiration for some of the most influential moral philosophers, such as John Rawls.

176-207 Taylor has acknowledged the influence of Benedict Anderson in his formulation of the concept of the social imaginary.Poovey, M. "The Liberal Civil Subject and the Social in Eighteenth- Century British Moral Philosophy." Public Culture 14.1 (2002): 125-45, p. 132 Anderson treated the nation as 'an imagined political community...nation-ness, as well as nationalism, are cultural artifacts of a particular kind'.

He was born in Brienza in the southern Province of Potenza. He studied at the University of Naples Federico II under Antonio Genovesi. At the age of twenty, he became special lecturer in moral philosophy there, at the same time practising law. He was friend of Gaetano Filangieri, entering the masonry with him, and was elected venerable master of the Neapolitan lodge "La philantropia".

The examination was in two parts. English, Latin and mathematics were compulsory subjects; in addition, each candidate had to choose two subjects from a group that included Greek, French, German, higher mathematics, natural philosophy, logic and moral philosophy. Sophia Jex-Blake acted as mathematics tutor to the other women. Of the 152 candidates who sat the exam on 19 October 1869, five were women.

Munro recruits Harry Martineau, a former Professor of Moral Philosophy at Oxford, and now a covert operative and ruthless killer. Harry is recovering from an assignment in France in which he was shot and severely injured. As his assistant and 'cover', they also recruit Sarah Drayton, a young nurse with connections in, and local knowledge of, Jersey. Harry assumes the identity of SD Standartenführer Max Vogel.

Walter, The Warrior Saints, p. 17; Alistair Stewart-Sykes, From Prophecy to Preaching: A Search for the Origins of the Christian Homily (Brill, 2001), p. 75. In an even more expanded sense, aretology is moral philosophy which deals with virtue, its nature, and the means of arriving at it. It is the title of an ethical tract by Robert Boyle published in the 1640s.

438) Over the next decade, he gradually established a formidable reputation as an authority on the ethics of Aristotle. Among his works were the 2-volume Nicomachean Ethics of Aristotle (1892) and The Myths of Plato (1905). He was also a contributor to the Encyclopædia Britannica. In 1897, he was appointed White's professor of moral philosophy at Oxford and Fellow of Corpus Christi College.

Whewellite, or at least crystalline calcium oxalate, does also arise from biological sources. Small crystals or flakes of it are sometimes found on the surfaces of some cacti, and kidney stones frequently have the same composition. Whewellite was named after William Whewell (1794–1866), an English polymath, naturalist and scientist, professor of moral philosophy at Cambridge and inventor of the system of crystallographic indexing.

G. Norton ed., The Cambridge History of Literary Criticism Vol 3 (1999)p. 46 and pp. 601–4 Re- christening the old trivium with a new and more ambitious name: , and also increasing its scope, they downplayed logic as opposed to the traditional Latin grammar and rhetoric, and added to them history, Greek, and moral philosophy (ethics), with a new emphasis on poetry as well.

Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct.Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy "Ethics" The field of ethics, along with aesthetics, concern matters of value, and thus comprise the branch of philosophy called axiology.Random House Unabridged Dictionary: Entry on Axiology. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to ethics.

In December 1777 he was appointed Professor of Moral Philosophy at the College of William & Mary. When the college was reorganized in 1779, the Law of Nature and Nations and the Fine Arts were added to his teaching portfolio. He is considered the first college professor in the nation to have fine arts included in his professorship. He was also distinguished for his mathematical talents.

He began a life of teaching (mainly philosophical) in the university – first as college tutor, afterwards, from 1878 until his death, as Whyte's Professor of Moral Philosophy. The lectures he delivered as professor form the substance of his two most important works, viz., the Prolegomena to Ethics and the Lectures on the Principles of Political Obligation, which contain the whole of his positive constructive teaching.

Witherspoon also instituted a number of reforms, including modeling the syllabus and university structure after that used at the University of Edinburgh and other Scottish universities. He also firmed up entrance requirements, which helped the school compete with Harvard and Yale for scholars. Witherspoon personally taught courses in eloquence or belles lettres, chronology (history), and divinity. However, none was more important than moral philosophy (a required course).

The theme of the Lucifer series revolves around the free will problem. Carey's Lucifer is a figure representing will and individual willpower, who challenges the "tyranny of predestination". While in Heaven's eyes this is blasphemy, Lucifer points out that the rebellion (and indeed all sin) and damnation as consequence were pre-planned by his Creator, God. Lucifer rejects God's rule and moral philosophy as tyrannical and unjust.

This dualism, at the same time, is apparent: it is not a distinction between two actual realities, but between the only reality and the unreality in which the world sinks. Martinetti also inherited Spir's moral philosophy with very few modifications, which in turn was derived from Kant. For Martinetti, after Kant, "no serious philosopher can avoid being Kantian in ethics".See Amedeo Vigorelli, p.

17 and a great uncle was Sir George Couper.Desprez, Frank. "The Late Mrs. D'Oyly Carte", The Era, 10 May 1913, p. 19 From 1871–1874, registered as Helen Susan Black, she attended the University of London and was a gifted student, passing the examinations for Special Certificates in mathematics and in logic and moral philosophy (the university did not award degrees to women until 1878).

Shelly Kagan at Yale University Shelly Kagan () (born 1956) is Clark Professor of Philosophy at Yale University, where he has taught since 1995. He is best known for his writings about moral philosophy and normative ethics. In 2007, Kagan's course about death was offered for free online, and proved to be very popular. This led to him publishing a book on the subject in 2012.

He was a demy of Magdalen College, Oxford from 1711 to 1720, and a Fellow there from 1720 to 1738. In 1726 he was appointed Senior Proctor of the University of Oxford, and was thus responsible for enforcing university discipline and sanctions. In February 1727 when he was 35 years old, he was appointed University Reader in Moral Philosophy, and was awarded DCL in 1729.

S. Matthew Liao (born 1972) is an American philosopher specializing in bioethics. He currently holds the Arthur Zitrin Chair of Bioethics, Director of the Center for Bioethics and Affiliated Professor in the Department of Philosophy at New York University. He is also the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Moral Philosophy. He has previously held appointments at Oxford University, Johns Hopkins, and Princeton University.

Anscombe's 1958 article "Modern Moral Philosophy" introduced the term consequentialism into the language of analytic philosophy, and had a seminal influence on contemporary virtue ethics. Her monograph Intention is generally recognised as her greatest and most influential work, and the continuing philosophical interest in the concepts of intention, action, and practical reasoning can be said to have taken its main impetus from this work.

He has been frequently referred to as the "father" of the University of Adelaide. The report of the council of the university for the year 1887, in recording their regret at his death, called him "the Founder of the Chair of Classics and of the Chair of English Language and Literature, and Mental and Moral Philosophy --whose munificence led to the establishment of the University".

In 1990 Rosen introduced modal fictionalism, a popular position on the ontological status of possible worlds. He is the co-author of A Subject with No Object (Oxford University Press, 1997), a contribution to the philosophy of mathematics written with Princeton colleague John P. Burgess. His recent work in metaphysics is about the concept of ground. Rosen's work in moral philosophy has also been influential.

Fabienne Peter is a British philosopher and professor of philosophy at the University of Warwick. She is also the head of the Department of Philosophy. Peter has held a Leverhulme Research Fellowship and is known for her works on political philosophy, moral philosophy, and social epistemology. She is a former editor of Economics and Philosophy and a former associate editor of the Journal of Applied Philosophy.

He was educated at King's College, Aberdeen, of which he was elected a regent in 1766, and in that capacity he taught moral philosophy as a Professor there for thirty years. Dunbar was in favour of the amalgamation of King's College with Marischal College. He died in his rooms at King's College on 28 May 1798. He was replaced by Prof Robert Eden Scott in 1800.

Contemporary ethicists Derek Parfit and Peter Singer have acknowledged Sidgwick as a major influence on their thought. As Sidgwick scholar J. B. Schneewind has noted, the Methods “is widely viewed as one of the best works of moral philosophy ever written. His account of classical utilitarianism is unsurpassed. His discussions of the general status of morality and of particular moral concepts are models of clarity and acumen.

He studied philosophy at the University of Glasgow under Prof John Veitch, his mother's cousin, and under Edward and John Caird. He graduated with an MA in 1884. He was a Fellow at the University until 1888 then went to the University of Edinburgh to gain a doctorate (DSc) in 1891. From 1888 he was also lecturing in logic and moral philosophy at Queen Margaret College, Glasgow.

Martha Klein is a philosopher, specialising in the intersection of the philosophy of mind and moral philosophy, and especially in the question of the freedom of the will. After a period as lecturer in philosophy at Christ Church, Oxford, Klein was elected a Fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford; she retired in 2006. Her research interests are in free will, moral responsibility and moral psychology.

John F. Forester is a planning theorist with a particular emphasis on participatory planning. His scholarship appeals moral philosophy, oral history and ethnographic social science, as well as planning and policy studies. He is the author of Critical Theory and Public Life (1987), Planning in the Face of Power (1989), The Deliberative Practitioner (1999) and "Dealing with Differences: Dramas of Mediating Public Disputes" (2009).

Although critical of consequentialist moral theories, he has nonetheless engaged with representatives of this tradition and has mentioned that he and renowned consequentialist Shelly Kagan were "always very friendly colleagues at Yale". He has claimed that contemporary virtue ethics has "added another valuable perspective", and traced this to G.E.M. Anscombe's "rather incendiary article" Modern Moral Philosophy.Anscombe, G.E.M. "Modern Moral Philosophy", Philosophy, vol. 33, no.

Sara Azmeh Rasmussen studied law at the University of Damascus. She has a Candidatus Magister in international cultural studies, Islam and Arabic culture, at the University of Oslo. As a student in Oslo in the Middle East and North-Africa program, she was connected to the Center for Studies of the Holocaust and Religious Minorities, and she also studied moral philosophy and gender studies.

Literary theory is the systematic study of the nature of literature and of the methods for literary analysis.Culler 1997, p.1 Since the 19th century, literary scholarship includes literary theory and considerations of intellectual history, moral philosophy, social prophecy, and interdisciplinary themes relevant to how people interpret meaning. In the humanities in modern academia, the latter style of literary scholarship is a development of critical theory.

He graduated university in 1773. One year later Karpe assumed position of professor of logic, metaphysics and moral philosophy at the University of Olomouc. In 1777 he became the director of Faculty of Philosophy with pay of 600 gulden a year (for comparison, professor of law Josef Vratislav Monse was paid 900). At the same time he was also assessor at the university's Academic Court.

It promoted religious tolerance and restored literature, arts, and music as important disciplines worthy of study in colleges. "New-model" American style colleges were founded such as King's College New York (now Columbia University), and the College of Philadelphia (now University of Pennsylvania). Yale College and the College of William & Mary were reformed. A non-denominational moral philosophy replaced theology in many college curricula.

339 Later, their views would be revived and developed by Richard Price and pitted against the moral sense theory of Francis Hutcheson,Sidgwick (1931), pp. 224–226 himself sometimes considered a sentimentalist intuitionist. Immanuel Kant's moral philosophy would be received in Britain as a German analog to Price,Sidgwick (1931), p. 271 though according to R. M. Hare it is questionable whether Kant is an intuitionist.

Frances Mary McPhun was born in Glasgow in 1880. She studied at the University of Glasgow, graduating with an MA degree, and winning prizes in Political Economy, Moral Philosophy and English Literature. She and her sister Margaret McPhun joined the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU). She arranged a pageant of famous Scottish women for a women's suffrage procession in Edinburgh in October 1909.

The Kingdom of Ends () is a thought experiment centered on the moral philosophy of Immanuel Kant. Kant introduced the concept in his Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals (4:439). The thought experiment proposes a world in which all human beings are treated as ends (meaning treated as if they and their well-being are the goal), not as mere means to an end for other people.

Maturin is injured and returns to taking laudanum for the pain. Some of the crew practice an oratorio while the midshipmen practice Hamlet. Passengers are dropped off at Gibraltar and Port Mahon (Graham, professor of moral philosophy), though the parson Nathaniel Martin is aboard long enough for Maturin to discover their shared interest in birds, before Martin joins HMS Berwick. Worcester joins the squadron off Toulon.

Smith entered the University of Glasgow when he was 14 and studied moral philosophy under Francis Hutcheson. Here, Smith developed his passion for liberty, reason, and free speech. In 1740, Smith was the graduate scholar presented to undertake postgraduate studies at Balliol College, Oxford, under the Snell Exhibition. Smith considered the teaching at Glasgow to be far superior to that at Oxford, which he found intellectually stifling.

During this time, Jackson also edited the magazine TCD. Sally also attended TCD from 1947 to 1950, receiving a BA in mental and moral philosophy. The pair married on 6 November 1948 in Rathmines, and shared the care of their first child, born in 1950, to allow them both to attend lectures. They went on to have three sons, living in Dundrum, and later Ballybrack, County Dublin.

After the publication of Essays Moral and Political in 1741included in the later edition as Essays, Moral, Political, and LiteraryHume applied for the Chair of Pneumatics and Moral Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh. However, the position was given to William CleghornNobbs, Douglas. 1965. "The Political Ideas of William Cleghorn, Hume's Academic Rival." Journal of the History of Ideas 26(4):575–86. . . p. 575.

Hippocrates, the ancient Greek physician, considered the father of Western medicine. The ethical and/or moral premises of healthcare are complex and intricate. To consolidate such a large segment of moral philosophy, it becomes important to focus on what separates healthcare ethics from other forms of morality. And on the whole, it can be said that healthcare itself is a "special" institution within society.

In September 1855, there were 124 students, of whom forty-one were women. The 1856–57 catalogue listed nine departments offering ancient languages, modern languages, intellectual philosophy, moral philosophy, history, natural history, mathematics, natural philosophy, and chemistry. The first president of the university was Amos Dean. The original campus consisted of the Iowa Old Capitol Building and the (4.05 hectares) of land on which it stood.

Catherine MacLeod learnt Gaelic from her mother, but also from participating in local ceilidh gatherings in which people shared regional folklore. Her community at that time was largely monolingual. She then attended the University of Edinburgh via a scholarship. At University she won gold medals for Celtic and Moral philosophy, as well as the Elizabeth Hamilton Prize for the best woman student in Philosophy.

Unti, Protecting All Animals, 17. The growing environmental movement of the early 1970s also influenced the ethical and practical evolution of HSUS. The burgeoning crisis of pollution and wildlife-habitat loss made the public increasingly aware that humans needed to change their behavior toward other living things. By that time, too, the treatment of animals had become a topic of serious discussion within moral philosophy.

Nevertheless, the quality of this reasoning depends on knowledge, because a well-informed mind will be more capable of making good choices, and it also depends on mental condition. For this reason, he said that a complete moral philosophy should include the study of the body.Pickavé, M., & Shapiro, L., eds., Emotion and Cognitive Life in Medieval and Early Modern Philosophy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012), p. 189.

Olthuis studied under H. Evan Runner in philosophy at Calvin College, Grand Rapids, Michigan; then in theology at Calvin Theological Seminary; and finally in philosophical ethics at VU University, Amsterdam, where he received his Doctor of Philosophy degree under in 1968. Olthuis analyzed and critiqued the works of G. E. Moore, his dissertation being entitled Facts, Values, and Ethics: A Confrontation with 20th Century British Moral Philosophy.

He has been a defender of political liberalism along with John Rawls, as well as a contributor to moral philosophy (moral realism, the nature of the self) and to the history of philosophy from the 16th to the 20th centuries (including such figures as Montaigne, Descartes, Bayle, Kant, Hölderlin, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Sartre). His most recent work focuses on the nature of reason and reasons.

Doyal worked for over two decades at Middlesex University (then Middlesex Polytechnic), developing and teaching a course on the natural and social sciences, political and moral philosophy, as well as politics and philosophy of technology. In 1986 he was made Principal Lecturer in Philosophy and the same year he published Empiricism, Explanation and Rationality, coauthored with Roger Harris, a popular introduction to philosophy of social sciences.

Straightforwardness is the quality of directness and honesty in communicating with others. Despite a long history in moral philosophy, straightforwardness is not as vital to personality theory as the other facets of agreeableness. Those scoring high on straightforwardness tend to interact with others in a direct and honest manner. Low scorers are less direct, tend to be high in self-monitoring, and are generally deceitful or manipulative.

In 1854, he was appointed a canon of Christ Church Cathedral. In 1865 he was named domestic chaplain to the bishop and an archdeacon. From 1846 to 1853, he started teaching at McGill College (later McGill University) as a professor of classical literature and lecturer in mathematics and natural philosophy. From 1853 to 1872, he was a lecturer in logic, rhetoric, and moral philosophy.

The White's Chair of Moral Philosophy was endowed in 1621 by Thomas White (c. 1550–1624), Canon of Christ Church at the University of Oxford. Under the original agreement, the professorship was to receive a stipend of £100 per annum, along with other payments and emoluments. The chair was not to be held for more than five years, or at the most ten years.

He began publishing with José Ortega Spottorno. Escohotado's article “Hallucinogens and the Everyday World” Revista de Occidente, 49, abril de 1967, pp. 130-157. was his first incursion in this field, and contained the experiences described by Michaux and Huxley. His PhD thesis, The Moral Philosophy of Young Hegel, was presented in 1970.«Antonio Escohotado - ¿Por qué todas las cruzadas fallan? (La prohibición como ejemplo)».

Examples of functionings that are a direct requirement for capabilities are good nourishment, mental and physical health, and education. An extension of the capabilities approach was published in 2013 in Freedom, Responsibility and Economics of the Person. This book explores the interconnected concepts of person, responsibility and freedom in economics, moral philosophy and politics. It tries to reconcile the rationality and morality of individuals.

Terence Henry Irwin FBA (; born 21 April 1947), usually cited as T. H. Irwin, is a scholar and philosopher specializing in ancient Greek philosophy and the history of ethics (i.e., the history of Western moral philosophy in ancient, medieval, and modern times). He was the Professor of the History of Philosophy at the University of Oxford, and Fellow of Keble College, Oxford from 2007 until 2017.

Howell was born in Gwinear in Cornwall. He was White's Professor of Moral Philosophy between 1654 and 1657. He was a Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford and was appointed to the position of Principal of Jesus College by Oliver Cromwell, in preference to Seth Ward, who was the choice of the fellows of the college. The college has had strong links to Wales since its foundation.

Business cycle is used by Keynesians to explain liquidity traps, by which underconsumption occurs, to argue for government intervention with fiscal policy. David McNally of the University of Houston argues in the Marxist tradition that the logic of the market inherently produces inequitable outcomes and leads to unequal exchanges, arguing that Adam Smith's moral intent and moral philosophy espousing equal exchange was undermined by the practice of the free market he championed. According to McNally, the development of the market economy involved coercion, exploitation and violence that Smith's moral philosophy could not countenance. McNally also criticizes market socialists for believing in the possibility of fair markets based on equal exchanges to be achieved by purging parasitical elements from the market economy such as private ownership of the means of production, arguing that market socialism is an oxymoron when socialism is defined as an end to wage labour.

Regan' s third book, Bloomsbury' s Prophet: G. E. Moore and the Development of His Moral Philosophy, represents Regan' s major contribution to Moorean scholarship. Representative reviews include E. D. Klemke writing that Bloomsbury' s Prophet is "a marvelous book", while Aurum Stroll writes "[t]he portrait of the man Moore that Regan gives us is not only unique . . . but it is well done, indeed." In this book, Regan relies on a trove of unpublished material, housed in the Moore Archive at the University of Cambridge, including Moore' s two dissertations, on Kant' s moral philosophy; correspondence, consisting of letters that Moore wrote as well those he received; scores of papers he read at meetings of the Cambridge Conversazione Society, also known as the Apostles, and at the Sunday Essay Society; and a diary Moore kept throughout his formative years, breaking off on April 19, 1916.

Hare's wartime experience had a lasting impact on his philosophical views, particularly his view that moral philosophy has an obligation to help people live their lives as moral beings (King 2004). His earliest work in philosophy, which has never been published, dates from this period, and in it, he tried to develop a system that might "serve as a guide to life in the harshest conditions", according to The Independent. He returned to Oxford after the war, and in 1947, married Catherine Verney, a marriage that produced a son and three daughters. (Hare's son, John E. Hare, is also a philosopher.) He was elected fellow and tutor in philosophy at Balliol from 1947 to 1996; honorary fellow at Balliol from 1974 to 2002; and was appointed Wilde Lecturer in Natural Religion, 1963–66; and White's Professor of Moral Philosophy, 1966–1983, which accompanied a move to Corpus Christi.

Ewing studied at Oxford, where he gained the John Locke Lectureship and the Green Prize in Moral Philosophy. He taught for four years in Swansea/Wales, and became lecturer in Moral Science at Cambridge in 1931, based at Trinity Hall, and reader in Moral Science in 1954. He was an Honorary Fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge, and one of Wittgenstein's foremost critics. He was responsible for Karl Popper's invitation to Cambridge.

While criticizing nihilism and Nietzsche together as a sign of general decay, he still commended him for recognizing psychological motives behind Kant and Hume's moral philosophy: > For it was Nietzsche's historic achievement to understand more clearly than > any other philosopher ... not only that what purported to be appeals of > objectivity were in fact expressions of subjective will, but also the nature > of the problems that this posed for philosophy.

James Macdonald Oxley (October 22, 1855 – September 9, 1907) was a Canadian writer of juvenile fiction. Oxley was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, the son of the merchant James Black Oxley and Ellen Macdonald. He was educated at Halifax Grammar School and Dalhousie University where he graduated with a B.A. in 1874, earning honors in mental and moral philosophy. During this time he served as assistant editor for the Dalhousie Gazette.

Born Dunbar Hamilton, he adopted the name Dunbar Douglas upon his succession to the Earldom of Selkirk in 1744. He was a grandson of Lord Basil Hamilton, a sixth son of William Hamilton, Duke of Hamilton and Anne Hamilton, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton. He attended Glasgow University from 1739, being greatly influenced by Francis Hutcheson, Professor of Moral Philosophy. In 1745 he was granted the honorary Doctorate of Civil Law.

In the following year he returned to the United Kingdom as Professor of Logic and Metaphysics at Queen's University, Belfast (1913–24). In 1924 he was appointed as Regius Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Aberdeen, a position which he held until his death. He was Mills Lecturer, University of California, 1923-4 and Gifford Lecturer, Glasgow University, 1939-40. In 1913 he met Helen Ritchie.

Renascence is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Marquette University's English Department, in cooperation with the Philosophy Documentation Center. The journal examines the interaction between literature, moral philosophy, and theology - its subtitle is "Essays on Values in Literature". It occasionally publishes special issues dedicated to particular intellectuals or literary figures, with a particular focus on work that has emerged from the Catholic tradition. All issues are available online.

Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, Gert studied philosophy at Cornell University. He was a professor at Dartmouth College for fifty years, from 1959 to 2009. Upon his death in 2011, he was the Stone Professor of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy, Emeritus at Dartmouth. He also had other adjunct and visiting appointments, including the University of Edinburgh 1974-5 and being a fellow of the Hastings Center, an independent bioethics research institution.

Ethics and Information Technology is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the intersection between moral philosophy and the field of information and communications technology. It was established in 1999 by Jeroen van den Hoven (Delft University of Technology), who has been its editor-in-chief ever since. It is published by Springer Science+Business Media. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 1.500.

The Board of Moral Sciences Studies (a precursor to the Faculty) was also set up. Law became a separate subject and was replaced on the Moral Sciences Tripos by Mental philosophy (psychology). In 1867 the Board of Moral Sciences Studies recommended that History should also be omitted from the tripos. This was passed by the Council of the Senate, leaving four subjects: moral philosophy, logic, economics and psychology.

Augustino Oldoini (6 January 1612 – 23 March 1683, at Perugia) was an Italian Jesuit teacher, church historian and bibliographer. He came from La Spezzia, and entered the Society of Jesus on 4 February 1628. At the end of his novitiate he made the usual study of the humanities, philosophy and theology. For some time he taught classics at Perugia, and was then professor of moral philosophy in the theological school.

Alan Duthie was raised in Downfield area of Dundee, Scotland. His secondary school education at the High School of Dundee. He obtained a Master of Arts (MA) in History of Greek Language, non-dramatic Greek Poetry, Hebrew and Moral Philosophy at the University of St. Andrews between 1956 and 1960. He then went on to the University of Edinburgh where he completed a postgraduate Diploma in General Linguistics.

Geoffrey Scarre is a moral philosopher and professor of philosophy at the University of Durham. His research focuses on a cluster of topics in applied ethics and moral philosophy broadly construed, including evil, the Holocaust, death, forgiveness, courage, the ethics of archaeology, and utilitarianism, with a special interest in the philosophy of John Stuart Mill. He is the director of the Centre for the Ethics of Cultural Heritage.

The school taught English, French, Latin, music, art, the Bible, moral philosophy, astronomy, botany, mathematics, domestic science, and etiquette. While it was secular, Masters had a religious tone; it catered exclusively to female students. The finishing school had a series of unusual rules that has since been removed from the school's handbook. One of the most famous rules is that the students were expected to eat bananas with knives and forks.

An aerial view of campus in 1920 A blimp over Gibbons Hall during the 1917–18 school year. When the university first opened on November 13, 1889, the curriculum consisted of lectures in mental and moral philosophy, English literature, the sacred scriptures, and the various branches of theology. At the end of the second term, lectures on canon law were added. The first students were graduated in 1889.

In 1871-72, Father Sorin assigned Colovin to the University of Notre Dame as professor of Christian Doctrine (Moral Philosophy) and French. From 1872-74 he served as associate pastor of St. Bernard’s Parish (with Rev. William Corby, C.S.C) and as Director of Studies and Professor of Moral and Mental Philosophy and Classics at Our Lady of the Sacred Cross (later named Sacred Heart College) in Watertown, Wisconsin.

Paul Walter Franks, is a philosopher, writer and professor. He graduated with his PhD from Harvard University in 1993. Franks' dissertation, entitled "Kant and Hegel on the Esotericism of Philosophy", was supervised by Stanley Cavell and won the Emily and Charles Carrier Prize for a Dissertation in Moral Philosophy at Harvard University. He completed his B.A (First Class) and M.A, in Philosophy, Politics and Economics at Balliol College, Oxford.

8.547e; Cahn, Steven M., Classics of Political and Moral Philosophy, Oxford University Press, 2002. The city-state of Sparta provided Plato with a real-world model for this form of government. Modern observers might describe Sparta as a totalitarian or one-party state, although the details we know of its society come almost exclusively from Sparta's enemies. The idea of militarism-stratocracy accurately reflects the fundamental values of Spartan society.

Robert Hamilton Bishop was the first President of Miami University (1824-1841). He also served as a Professor of Logic and Moral Philosophy and History. Bishop was admired by the students, but fell into much disagreement over many issues with the trustees, faculty, and public which led him to resign. Bishop remained on campus as a professor, but, as turmoil continued, was removed from campus entirely in 1844.

Socrates (;Jones, Daniel; Roach, Peter, James Hartman and Jane Setter, eds. Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary. 17th edition. Cambridge UP, 2006. Sōkrátēs ; – 399 BC) was a Greek philosopher from Athens who is credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy, and as being the first moral philosopherJames Rachels, The Legacy of Socrates: Essays in Moral Philosophy Columbia University Press, 2007 Accessed 24 November 2017 of the Western ethical tradition of thought.

He played regularly for Gentlemen versus Players and wrote magazines on the psychology of cricket. He was also a member of the Oxford String Quartette. Le Couteur then studied experimental psychology at the University of Bonn, Germany until early 1913 when he was appointed lecturer in mental and moral philosophy in the newly established University of Western Australia. In that year he married Emma, the musically gifted daughter of Edward Sugden.

Singer's early work describes a moral philosophy which has become known as the generalization argument. He further refines this philosophy in later works. Similar to Immanuel Kant's universalizability principle, Singer argues that if it is acceptable for one person in a particular situation to take – or not take – an action, then it is acceptable for any person in that particular situation to do the same.Timmons (2001), p. 1585.

Boston Trinity Academy’s curriculum focuses on philosophy, English, history, Biblical studies, world language, mathematics, science, and visual art. Students are required to take at least three Advanced Placement (AP) courses for college preparation. A Boston Trinity Academy education culminates with Senior Honors Symposium. Encapsulating the interdisciplinary nature of a liberal arts education, Senior Symposium requires students to analyze a topic of social relevance through two lenses: moral philosophy and Christian ethics.

Dr. Bruce; afterwards under Sheridan Knowles, then a teacher of English at Belfast. He entered the collegiate classes of the Belfast Academical Institution in 1816, being one of the original alumni, and took gold medals in logic (1817) and moral philosophy (1818). In 1819 the faculty prize was offered for the 'best account of a parish.' Benn was the successful essayist, with the parish of Belfast as his theme.

Thomas Rawson Birks (28 September 1810 – 19 July 1883) was an English theologian and controversialist, who figured in the debate to try to resolve theology and science. He rose to be Knightbridge Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Cambridge. His discussions led to much controversy: in one book he proposed that stars cannot have planets as this would reduce the importance of Christ's appearance on this planet.

He specializes in language and literacy research, with a particular interest in new literacies associated with the explosion of the internet. He was originally trained as an educational philosopher with interests in political and moral philosophy. His doctoral thesis looked at freedom in education. In the course of his doctoral studies he became interested in a conception of freedom as liberation developed by the Brazilian educator Paulo Freire.

St. Andrew's Church, Edinburgh, scene of the Disruption In 1823 Chalmers accepted the chair of moral philosophy at the University of St Andrews, the seventh academic offer made to him during his eight years in Glasgow. His lectures led some students to devote themselves to missionary effort. Among his pupils were William Lindsay Alexander, Alexander Duff, and James Aitken Wylie. At this period Robert Morrison and Joshua Marshman visited St Andrews.

An ethical dilemma or ethical paradox is a decision-making problem between two possible moral imperatives, neither of which is unambiguously acceptable or preferable. The complexity arises out of the situational conflict in which obeying would result in transgressing another. Sometimes called ethical paradoxes in moral philosophy, ethical dilemmas may be invoked to refute an ethical system or moral code, or to improve it so as to resolve the paradox.

Manne has written articles in moral philosophy and metaethics, as well as two books, Down Girl: The Logic of Misogyny and Entitled: How Male Privilege Hurts Women. Down Girl proposes a distinction between sexism and misogyny. Manne argues that "sexism is an ideology that supports patriarchal social relations". Sexism, then, accepts gender roles, and helps to reinforce them, by making them seem as if they were natural or given arrangements.

Willem Hubert Nolens was born to Martin Nolens, a tanner, and Hermina Hubertina Linskens. He studied philosophy at the Bisschoppelijk College of Rolduc (1874–1880), theology at Roermond Seminary (1880–1884) and jurisprudence and law at Utrecht University (1887–1890). He was ordained a Roman Catholic priest in 1887 and taught economics and moral philosophy at Rolduc. In 1896 he was elected to the Dutch House of Representatives.

Willie Mangum also served as a university trustee from 1818-1859. His cousin, Adolphus Williamson Mangum (1834–1890) became a Methodist minister and served as a chaplain in the Confederate Army and as a pastor at churches in Raleigh and Chapel Hill after the war. In 1875, he joined the faculty in the department of Moral Philosophy, History, and English Literature, where he taught until his death in 1890.

President Thomas Dawson. Retrieved on March 10, 2009. Dawson was also an Anglican clergyman, a rector at the Jamestown Parish, a commissary of the Bishop of London, a moral philosophy professor at William and Mary, a poet, a chaplain of the House of Burgesses, and a member of the Governor's Council. Reverend Dawson and his brother together are the namesakes for Dawson Hall in the Bryan Complex at William & Mary.

Barbara Herman (born May 9, 1945) is the Griffin Professor of Philosophy and Professor of Law at the University of California, Los Angeles Department of Philosophy. A well-known interpreter of Kant's ethics, Herman works on moral philosophy, the history of ethics, and social and political philosophy. Among her many honors and awards include a Guggenheim Fellowship (1985-1986) and election to the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (1995).

In June 1787, when he was not quite nineteen, on the unanimous recommendation of the Senatus Academicus of Marischal College, he was appointed by the king "assistant professor and successor to his father" in the chair of moral philosophy and logic. Although very young, he fulfilled the requirements of his position. He was studious and variously cultured, being especially devoted to music. But his career was destined to be brief.

T. H. Green was a fellow of Balliol College and became the White's Professor of Moral Philosophy in 1878. He was a temperance supporter and wanted to see the lower classes admitted to Oxford University. Green was one of "the don's wives" who organised lectures for women in Oxford which included Lavinia Talbot, Louise Creighton and Mary Augusta Ward. She became secretary of the lectures committee in 1873.

Additionally, students are required to take courses in government, economics, and moral philosophy. Students are required to have a proficiency in Latin in order to graduate, and they also complete a 7,000-word senior thesis and complete a three-hour, written leaving exam. Students present the senior thesis to their peers and the faculty and are required to defend it. Most students also elect to take courses in music and art.

Hazlitt then set about working out a treatise, in painstaking detail, on the "natural disinterestedness of the human mind".Published in 1805 as "An Essay on the Principles of Human Action". See Works, vol. 1. It was Hazlitt's intention to disprove the notion that man is naturally selfish (benevolent actions being rationally modified selfishness, ideally made habitual), a premise fundamental to much of the moral philosophy of Hazlitt's day.

In 1851, French philosopher Auguste Comte coined the term altruism (; ) as an antonym for egoism. The term entered English in 1853 and was popularized by advocates of Comte's moral philosophy—principally, that self-regard must be replaced with only the regard for others. Comte argues that only two human motivations exist, egoistic and altruistic, and that the two cannot be mediated. That is, one must always predominate the other.

He was born in 1800 to Jeremiah Kavanagh of Killballyowne, County Wicklow and Mary Kavanagh. He was educated, firstly, at St Peter's College, Wexford, then at Maynooth College. He was appointed Professor of Rhetoric at Carlow College in 1850 left briefly in 1853 returning in 1854 as Dean of the Ecclesiastical College and Professor of Moral Philosophy. In 1856 Professor of Natural Philosophy(lecturing in Chemistry and Chemical Physics) in 1857.

Foot's version of the thought experiment, now known as "Trolley Driver", ran as follows: A utilitarian view asserts that it is obligatory to steer to the track with one man on it. According to classical utilitarianism, such a decision would be not only permissible, but, morally speaking, the better option (the other option being no action at all).Barcalow, Emmett, Moral Philosophy: Theories and Issues. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2007. Print.

Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on liberty, consent of the governed and equality before the law."liberalism In general, the belief that it is the aim of politics to preserve individual rights and to maximize freedom of choice." Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics, Iain McLean and Alistair McMillan, Third edition 2009, ."political rationalism, hostility to autocracy, cultural distaste for conservatism and for tradition in general, tolerance, and [...] individualism".

Lewis White Beck (September 26, 1913 – June 7, 1997) was an American philosopher and scholar of German philosophy. Beck was Burbank Professor of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy at the University of Rochester and served as the Philosophy Department chair there from 1949 to 1966. He translated several of Immanuel Kant's works, such as the Critique of Practical Reason, and was the author of Studies in the Philosophy of Kant (1965).

We know the natural law through our direct acquaintance with it in our human experience. Of central importance, is Maritain's argument that natural rights are rooted in the natural law. This was key to his involvement in the drafting of the UN's Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Another important aspect of his ethics was his insistence upon the need for moral philosophy to be conducted in a theological context.

Her quickness of perception and efforts to divine what others meant to say caused them to forget, or not to realize, that her hearing was not equal to their own. She graduated first in her class in the Frederick Female Seminary, in 1872, having studied mental and moral philosophy, evidences of Christianity, modern history, mythology, rhetoric and composition. The following year, she graduated with highest honors from Mt. Vernon Institute, Baltimore.

The title page of Principia Ethica Principia Ethica is a 1903 book by the British philosopher G. E. Moore, in which the author insists on the indefinability of "good" and provides an exposition of the naturalistic fallacy. Principia Ethica was influential, and Moore's arguments were long regarded as path-breaking advances in moral philosophy, though they have been seen as less impressive and durable than his contributions in other fields.

The difficulty which he found in procuring sufficient copies of William Somner's Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1659) led to the issue of another edition, with additions by Thomas Benson, in 1701. In 1699, he was appointed dean of his college; he tried to improve college discipline, and had his windows broken. He was promoted to be lecturer in moral philosophy in 1704, and he became Regius Professor of Greek in March 1708.

Des Bosses joined the Society of Jesus in 1686. In 1700 he taught at the Jesuit college in Emmerich, later moving to Hildesheim. He remained there until moving in 1710 to Cologne, taking up an appointment as professor of mathematics (and later moral philosophy) at the Jesuit college there. Apart from a stay in Paderborn in 1712 and 1713, he remained in Cologne for the rest of his life.

She was born Madeleine Zimmerman in Vienna to a Jewish family and they moved to London where she was educated at St Paul's Girls' School (at the same time as Shirley Williams) and then read Moral Philosophy and English Literature at Aberdeen University. She married Dennis Simms in 1956, whom she met through the Jewish Graduates Association. They had two children together: Nick (born 1959) and Harriet (born 1965).

These conventional values, because of their comparative nature create attitudes of resentment and anger inciting competition and then violence. The way to social order is for people to eliminate these socialized ambitions through open-minded receptivity to all kinds of voices—particularly those who have run afoul of human authority or seem least authoritative. Each has insights. Indeed, in Taoist moral philosophy, perfection may well look like its opposite to us.

Worried more about Wollstonecraft's promotion of sensibility, fellow feminist and author Mary Hays criticized the book's mawkishness.Swaab, 21; 27. A professor of moral philosophy, Thomas Brown, published a poetic response to the book, The Wanderer in Norway (1816). Rather than rejoicing in the freedom that Wollstonecraft argued the connection between nature and emotion offered, however, Brown represented her work as a failure and Wollstonecraft as a tragic victim.

Marc Crépon (born 30 March 1962) is a French philosopher and academic who writes on the subject of languages and communities in the French and German philosophies and contemporary political and moral philosophy. He has also translated works by philosophers such as Nietzsche, Franz Rosenzweig and Leibniz. He is chair of Philosophy at the Ecole Normale Superieure and director of research at the Archives Husserl, National Center for Scientific Research.

The concept was of great importance during the re-discovery of Classical Antiquity during the age of the Renaissance by the Italian umanisti, beginning with the illustrious Italian poet Petrarch, who revived Cicero's injunction to cultivate the humanities, understood during the Renaissance as grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, and moral philosophy. > Early Italian humanism, which in many respects continued the grammatical and > rhetorical traditions of the Middle Ages, not merely provided the old > Trivium with a new and more ambitious name (Studia humanitatis), but also > increased its actual scope, content, and significance in the curriculum of > the schools and universities and in its own extensive literary production. > The studia humanitatis excluded logic, but they added to the traditional > grammar and rhetoric not only history, Greek, and moral philosophy, but also > made poetry, once a sequel of grammar and rhetoric, the most important > member of the whole group. —Paul Oskar Kristeller, Renaissance Thought II: > Papers on Humanism and the Arts (New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1965), p. 178.

According to its supporters, this would result in the society as advocated by democratic socialists, when socialism is not understood as state socialism and conflated with self-described socialist states and the free market and laissez-faire are understood to mean as being free from all forms of economic privilege, monopolies and artificial scarcities. This is consistent with the classical economics view that economic rents, i.e. profits generated from a lack of perfect competition, must be reduced or eliminated as much as possible through free competition rather than free from regulation. David McNally, a professor at the University of Houston, has argued in the Marxist tradition that the logic of the market inherently produces social inequality and leads to unequal exchanges, writing that Adam Smith's moral intent and moral philosophy espousing equal exchange was undermined by the practice of the free market he championed as the development of the market economy involved coercion, exploitation and violence that Smith's moral philosophy could not counteract.

Nevertheless, upon completion of his congressional term, his eloquent publications led Thomas Jefferson and James Madison to offer him an appointment as Professor of Moral Philosophy at the newly founded University of Virginia; he accepted and held that post until 1845. After retiring, Tucker relocated to Philadelphia, continuing his research, and expounding upon a variety of subjects, which included monetary policy and socio-economics, until his death in Virginia at the age of 85.

Born in Stepney, Wood was the only son of Hugh Wood, a merchant and shipowner, by his second wife Jessie McKinnon, daughter of Reverend Thomas McKinnon. His father had been born in Orkney, where his father was a farmer, but had later settled in London. Wood was educated at the Brewers' Company School, Aldenham, Hertfordshire, Mill Hill School, and University College, London. He graduated in 1875 with honours in logic and moral philosophy.

George stepped down amidst the scandal, but the matter was never fully investigated and he kept his post as the professor of moral philosophy. In frustration, Weir penned a 16 canto epic poem mocking the former principal. After several years of continued accusations from Weir, George retired to a ministry in Stratford, Ontario, where he spent the remainder of his days. The charges against him were never proven one way or the other.

She married Ramanbhai Nilkanth in 1889 and together they wrote many articles, books and jointly edited a magazine, Jnanasudha. Vinodini Nilkanth and Sarojini Mehta were their daughters. With the support of her husband, she completed her matriculation in 1891 standing the first in Gujarati in the University of Bombay and pursued higher education. She enrolled in 1894 and graduated from Gujarat College with a Bachelor of Arts in moral philosophy and logic in 1901.

But then, Hobbes was not necessarily an unquestioned ideal among the court élite, and Hobbesian ideas certainly did not permeate many comedies. Dryden, for one, drew on Hobbesian ideas in his tragedies but these ideas are internalised by villains only.Samuel I. Mintz, The Hunting of Leviathan: Seventeenth-Century Reactions to the Materialism and Moral Philosophy of Thomas Hobbes (Cambridge, 1962); Louis Teeter, "The Dramatic Uses of Hobbes' Political Ideas," ELH, 3 (1936), pp. 140–69.

John Wilson c.1840 John Wilson Wilson's house, Elleray painted by Alexander Nasmyth 1808 Prof John Wilson by James Fillans John Wilson's grave, Dean Cemetery John Wilson of Elleray FRSE (18 May 1785 – 3 April 1854) was a Scottish advocate, literary critic and author, the writer most frequently identified with the pseudonym Christopher North of Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine. He was professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh from 1820–1851.

His Compendium ethicae Aristotelicae was based on courses at Middleburg school. Jill Kraye, Martin William Francis Stone, Humanism and Early Modern Philosophy (2000), p. 73; Google Books. In defining an eclectic moral philosophy that would nevertheless be acceptable to Christians, Walaeus chose the Nicomachean Ethics of Aristotle as a basis, to be corrected,Kraye, p. 346. despite a view that Plato was the superior moral philosopher as Aristotle was the better physicist;Kraye, p. 325.

Joanna Baillie (11 September 1762 – 23 February 1851) was a Scottish poet and dramatist, known for such works as Plays on the Passions (three volumes, 1798–1812) and Fugitive Verses (1840). She shows her interest in moral philosophy and the Gothic. She was critically acclaimed in her lifetime, and while living in Hampstead, associated with literary contemporaries such as Anna Barbauld, Lucy Aikin, and Walter Scott. She died at the age of 88.

In 1767, he attended a course of lectures on Logic and Moral Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh. Johnes left Edinburgh towards the end of 1768, and immediately began a Grand Tour on the continent accompanied by Robert Listen. Under his guidance, Johnes travelled through France, Spain, and Italy. They next went to Switzerland, followed the Rhine as far as Strasburgh and crossed through Alsace-Lorraine to Paris, where they lived for several months.

James Mylne (Kinnaird, Gowrie, 3 September 1757 – 21 September 1839) was a Scottish philosopher and academic who was born in Perthshire in 1757 and educated at the University of St Andrews. He served as Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Glasgow from 1797 to 1837. His father-in-law was the philosopher John Millar and the philosopher James McCosh was among his students. He was a member of the Glasgow Literary Society.

The term consequentialism was coined by G. E. M. Anscombe in her essay "Modern Moral Philosophy" in 1958, to describe what she saw as the central error of certain moral theories, such as those propounded by Mill and Sidgwick. The phrase and concept of "the end justifies the means" are at least as old as the first century BC. Ovid wrote in his Heroides that Exitus acta probat ("The result justifies the deed").

The Metaphysics of Morals () is a 1797 work of political and moral philosophy by Immanuel Kant. In structure terms, it is divided into two sections: the Doctrine of Right, dealing with rights, and the Doctrine of Virtue, dealing with virtues. Kant's development of his ethical theories in the work include an evolution of the "categorical imperative" concept and an exploration of the consequences of treating humanity as rational beings in the context of duties.

Reale was born in Candia Lomellina, Pavia. He attended the Gymnasium and the Liceo classico of Casale Monferrato, and was then educated at the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore of Milan, where he graduated. He later continued his studies in Marburg an der Lahn and Munich. After a period of teaching in high schools, he won a professorship at the University of Parma, where he taught courses in moral philosophy and the history of philosophy.

During character creation, the computer randomly generates statistics for each character, although the player can alter these attributes. The player also chooses each character's alignment, or moral philosophy; while the player controls each character's actions, alignment can affect how NPCs view their actions. The player can then customize the appearance and colors of each character's combat icon. Alternatively, the player can load a pre-generated party to be used for introductory play.

Kevin Warwick called it a "hellish nightmare, as portrayed in films such as the Terminator". In 2005, de Garis published a book describing his views on this topic entitled The Artilect War: Cosmists vs. Terrans: A Bitter Controversy Concerning Whether Humanity Should Build Godlike Massively Intelligent Machines. Cosmism is a moral philosophy that favours building or growing strong artificial intelligence and ultimately leaving Earth to the Terrans, who oppose this path for humanity.

It was named for William Holmes McGuffey (1800-1873) the author of the first standard U.S. reader series who was a staunch advocate of public education and a University of Virginia professor of moral philosophy. McGuffey School ceased to be a public school in 1973. and Accompanying four photos It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009. It is located in the Charlottesville and Albemarle County Courthouse Historic District.

He was a Fellow of King's College, Cambridge from 1924 to 1990. He was appointed Cambridge University Lecturer in Moral Sciences in 1928. He was a lecturer in moral science at the University of Cambridge from 1934 to 1953, then Knightbridge Professor of Moral Philosophy there from 1953 to 1967. He was president of the Aristotelian Society from 1946 to 1947, and was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 1957.

Everyone has occasion to doubt and question beliefs, their own or those of others, with more or less success and without any theory of what they are doing. Epistemology seeks by argument to make explicit the rules of correct belief formation. Everyone governs their conduct by directing it to desired or valued ends. Ethics, or moral philosophy, in its most inclusive sense, seeks to articulate, in rationally systematic form, the rules or principles involved.

Stout gained his MA at Oxford in 1924 and, in June of that year, he was appointed to an assistant lectureship at the University College of North Wales in Bangor, under Professor James Gibson. In this period he published three articles on Descartes and produced plays. He married Evelyn Roberts in 1927, an undergraduate leading lady in his theatre productions. He was appointed Lecturer in Moral Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh in 1934.

Catharine Trotter Cockburn (16 August 1679 – 11 May 1749) was an English novelist, dramatist, and philosopher. She wrote on moral philosophy, theological tracts, and had a voluminous correspondence. Trotter's work addresses a range of issues including necessity, the infinitude of space, and the substance, but she focuses on moral issues. She thought that moral principles are not innate, but discoverable by each individual through the use of the faculty of reason endowed by God.

Without funding and without an official charter, Johnson defiantly opened King's College (now Columbia University) in July 1754. On October 31, it finally received the Royal charter. Its charter promoted a college without a religious test for admission, was practice and profession oriented, public spirited, inclusive and diverse, and taught the then new disciplines of English literature and moral philosophy. It was polytechnic in scope, teaching math, science, history, commerce, government, and nature.

Smith was born on 18 August 1835 in Bank Street, Kilmarnock. He was the second child of Jean (born Murdoch) and Dr Hugh Smith.The Life of Major-General Sir Robert Murdoch Smith, K.C.M.G., Royal Engineers, William Kirk Dickson, 1901, Blackwood He attended Kilmarnock Academy and went on to spend four years at Glasgow University. He found moral philosophy vague, but excelled at science, in which his lecturers included the young Lord Kelvin.

John Bonar Dunlop ARBS (1916-1992) was a New Zealand artist, sculptor, and illustrator who excelled at figurative work. He became mainly known for his sculptures of New Zealand and Welsh rugby players. Born in Dunedin, the son of Francis Dunlop, who lectured in moral philosophy at the University of Otago and who was also a Presbyterian minister, he grew up on the family farm. Shona Dunlop MacTavish (1920–2019) was his younger sister.

1906/ In 1783, Magaw was awarded an honorary Doctor of Divinity degree from the University of Pennsylvania. Vice-provost and professor of moral philosophy at the university from 1782 to 1791, he voluntarily withdrew from that role in 1791, after the college and university had merged, in order to enable his friend, Dr. John Andrews, to be elected in his place.The Alumni Register, The University of Pennsylvania, Volume 9. 1906/ Magaw then assisted Rev.

To classify professors' knowledge, the schools of Paris gradually divided into faculties. Professors of the same science were brought into closer contact until the community of rights and interests cemented the union and made them distinct groups. The faculty of medicine seems to have been the last to form. But the four faculties were already formally established by 1254, when the university described in a letter "theology, jurisprudence, medicine, and rational, natural, and moral philosophy".

He was only nominated to prevent the election of another man and had not particularly wanted the position. It was said by a Peterhouse Fellow that he was unsuited to "any duty which required the exercise of high notions of morality, and a careful regard to what is just, decent, and venerable". He held the Mastership for over 50 years. In 1813 Barnes was elected to the Knightbridge Professorship of Moral Philosophy.

He anticipated a provision for the instruction of youths of the town between their leaving a grammar school and entering into business. His plan was approved; a seminary, called ‘The College of Arts and Sciences,’ was established, and various men of special qualifications were placed on its staff of instructors. Barnes himself delivered a course of lectures on moral philosophy, and a second on commerce. The impact of the institution was less than hoped, however.

He became Classics master at Edinburgh Academy around 1827. Only in 1835 does he appear as a "student of divinity" living at 17 Cheyne Street in Stockbridge, Edinburgh.Edinburgh Post Office Directory 1835 In 1840 he appears as P C MacDougall Esq living at 6 West Claremont Street.Edinburgh Post Office directory 1840 In 1844 he was appointed Professor of Moral Philosophy at New College, Edinburgh, training ministers for the Free Church of Scotland.

The curriculum came also to include the three Aristotelian philosophies: physics, metaphysics and moral philosophy. Universitas Istropolitana (a former university building in present-day Bratislava) Much of medieval thought in philosophy and theology can be found in scholastic textual commentary because scholasticism was such a popular method of teaching. Aelius Donatus' Ars grammatica was the standard textbook for grammar; also studied were the works of Priscian and Graecismus by Eberhard of Béthune.Rait, R.S. 1912.

The renewed interest in Arendtiana following these publications led to a second series of essays, Thinking Without a Banister: Essays in Understanding, 1953–1975, published in 2018. Other collections have dealt with her Jewish identity, including The Jew as Pariah (1978) and The Jewish Writings (2007), moral philosophy including Lectures on Kant's Political Philosophy (1982) and Responsibility and Judgment (2003), together with her literary works as Reflections on Literature and Culture (2007).

Charles Kent was a leading man in the new-humanist tendency in Norwegian intellectual life in the 1920s and 30s. He was a proponent of "spiritual values" and defended them against what he saw as "mysticism devoid of spirit". In his moral philosophy he was a Kantian and put forth the categorical imperative as a moral guideline. He is supposedly the first Norwegian critic who used a psychoanalytical method when criticising a literary work.

Walter Arnold Kaufmann (July 1, 1921 – September 4, 1980) was a German- American philosopher, translator, and poet. A prolific author, he wrote extensively on a broad range of subjects, such as authenticity and death, moral philosophy and existentialism, theism and atheism, Christianity and Judaism, as well as philosophy and literature. He served more than 30 years as a professor at Princeton University. He is renowned as a scholar and translator of Friedrich Nietzsche.

By establishing morality as a force which directs individuals towards their shared desires and goals of, for example, peace and security, and the means to achieve these goals is through the creation of a state, Hobbes grounds his political philosophy in his moral thought. This approach to moral philosophy is executed by Hobbes through discussion of a range of interrelated moral concepts: “good, evil, rights, obligation, justice, contract, covenant and natural law”.

John Alford (1686 – 29 September 1761) was the founder of the professorship of natural religion, moral philosophy, and civil polity in Harvard University. Alford was a member of the council. He died at Charlestown, Massachusetts in 1761, aged 75. His executors determined the particular objects, to which his bequest for charitable uses should be applied, and divided it equally between Harvard, Princeton University, and the society for the propagation of the gospel among the Indians.

Gravestone for the Campbell family, including James and Jessie Campbell Campbell was born Janet Black on 26 March 1827 in Cross-Arthurlie in Renfrewshire. It is said that the idea of lectures for women in Glasgow arose out of her suggestion at a dinner party. She approached the University of Glasgow to request that lectures were started for women. Natural history, moral philosophy, English literature and astronomy lectures were among the first.

The eighteenth-century philosophers Shaftesbury and Hutcheson "were obviously inspired in part by Cumberland."Haakonssen, Natural Law and Moral Philosophy: From Grotius to the Scottish Enlightenment (Cambridge, 1996), 51. Historian Jon Parkin likewise describes Cumberland's work as "one of the most important works of ethical and political theory of the seventeenth century."Jon Parkin, Science, Religion and Politics in Restoration England: Richard Cumberland's De Legibus Naturae (Bury St. Edmunds, United Kingdom, 1999), 8.

Even though it is true that every human being seeks his own satisfaction, this sometimes may only be achieved via the well-being of his neighbor. An example of this situation could be phoning for an ambulance when a car accident has happened. In this case, the caller desires the well-being of the victim, even though the desire itself is the caller's own.Ethics and human well-being: an introduction to moral philosophy.

523 Another investigation of all of the contributors to the United States Declaration of Independence suggests that only Jonathan Witherspoon and John Adams embraced the imported Scottish morality.Olsen, p. 185 While Scottish innate sense realism would in the decades after the Revolution become the dominate moral philosophy in classrooms of American academia for almost 100 years,Ahlstrom, Sydney, E., The Scottish Philosophy and American Theology Church History, Vol. 24, No. 3 (Sep., 1955), pp.

Burski's person was associated with a new institution of higher learning that came into being in the late 16th century: the Zamojski Academy, founded in Zamość by Jan Zamoyski (who had also founded that city). At Zamoyski's invitation, Burski, who had been rector of the Lwów Lyceum and a professor at Kraków University, in 1596 at Zamość became a professor of moral philosophy, remaining in that post to the end of his life.

In his early twenties he collapsed in Jamaica Street, Glasgow, due to the erosion of a blood vessel. While lying in hospital recovering he felt a call to the ministry. He was ordained to the ministry in 1968 after studying moral philosophy and English at the University of Glasgow, plus a three-year theological course in the Free Church College in Edinburgh. There, he obtained a college diploma for his "proficiency in the subjects required".

Marcia Baron (born 1955) is an American philosopher and the Rudy Professor of Philosophy at Indiana University Bloomington. Her main research interests include moral philosophy, moral psychology, and philosophical issues in criminal law. Baron is an associate editor of Inquiry, a member of the editorial board of The International Encyclopedia of Ethics, a series editor for New Directions in Ethics, and a member of the editorial board of the North American Kant Studies in Philosophy.

The George Street building has the following inscription on it: :Thomas Hill Green (1832–82). Educationalist, Fellow of Balliol, White's Professor of Moral Philosophy, elected (1876) first University Member of Oxford City Council to help found and establish the High School for Boys (1881–1966), thereby completing the city's 'ladder of learning' from elementary school to university— :A project dearest to his heart. :Thus were united town and gown in common cause.

After obtaining a bachelor's degree in political science from the University of Kansas, she did community service work on the south side of Chicago in 1966 and returned in 1968 to work there. She ultimately completed a Ph.D. in history at the University of Chicago; her dissertation was entitled "The Breakdown of Moral Philosophy in New England Before the Civil War". She also earned an MBA from the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business.

The same year, he began his academic career at the University of Edinburgh as an assistant to Professor John Macmurray in the Department of Moral Philosophy. He moved to the London School of Economics in 1949, joining the sociology department under Morris Ginsberg. Ginsberg admired philosophy and believed that philosophy and sociology were very close to each other. Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse had preceded Ginsberg as Martin White Professor of Sociology at the LSE.

Alfegh had built Bore Place in Chiddingstone, Kent, and this property later came to Rede and his wife in 1489 under the terms of Alfegh's will. Rede died on 7 or 8 January 1519. He left a £4 annual stipend to finance three lectureships at Jesus College, Cambridge, one for logic, one for moral philosophy and one for the humanities. Although these positions had been provided since 1480, the stipend helped secure the position.

In 1876 he was made Professor of Moral Philosophy in the University of St. Andrews. In a state of constant change he left the Church of Scotland in 1879 to join the Scottish Episcopal Church. He retired in 1902 and died on 4 March 1916 in Keswick. In the field of philosophy his work, editorial and other, includes his collection of Philosophical Classics for English Readers (15 volumes, 1880–90), some of which he wrote.

The book has a satirical title, and was published on 1 December 2008. It became a bestseller within the category of philosophy books in 2013.Philosophy Books, 2013 The book answers the Frege–Geach Problem, the Fact–Value Gap, and the Open Question Argument,'Moral Philosophy for Elves' (University of Cambridge, United Kingdom) although the given answers have been challenged. The book has been used to reconcile utilitarian and rules-based ethics.

More obviously influential was his moral philosophy, not primarily because of his casuistry – an approach acknowledging the complexity of individual cases. This was later so strong in Jesuit teaching, possibly related to the Major's renown in Spain mentioned above. His legal views were also influential. His Commentaries on the Sentences of Peter Lombard was most certainly studied and quoted in the debates at Burgos in 1512, by Frày Anton Montesino, a graduate of Salamanca.

Underhill was born about 1545 at the Cross Inn, Cornmarket, Oxford. He entered Winchester College in 1556, and was elected a Fellow of New College, Oxford, on 27 October 1561, being admitted B.A. on 11 December 1564 and M.A. on 27 July 1563. He obtained the degrees of B.D. and D.D. on 7 July 1581. In 1570, he was appointed praelector of moral philosophy, and in 1575 filled the office of proctor.

Seashore became a member of the Iowa Beta chapter of Sigma Alpha Epsilon.Dr. Seashore Ranked as One of Top Alumni (Dr. John S. Kendall, Professor of Psychology and President of Gustavus Adolphus College) Seashore attended Yale University when it had just opened the Graduate Department of Philosophy and Psychology. He studied under George Trumbull Ladd, professor of metaphysics and moral philosophy, and Edward Wheeler Scripture, an experimental psychologist who conducted research on phonetics.

Minimal decency is an ethical requirement according to the moral philosophy of Immanuel Kant. The term refers to the minimum requirement of kindness obliged by Kantian ethics; those actions which go beyond the call of duty are considered supererogation. People need not engage in supererogation in order to be responsible moral agents. The distinction between minimal decency (an ethical obligation) and supererogation helps moral agents understand and protect their own and each other's rational autonomy.

Kant published a second edition of the Critique of Pure Reason in 1787, heavily revising the first parts of the book. Most of his subsequent work focused on other areas of philosophy. He continued to develop his moral philosophy, notably in 1788's Critique of Practical Reason (known as the second Critique) and 1797's Metaphysics of Morals. The 1790 Critique of Judgment (the third Critique) applied the Kantian system to aesthetics and teleology.

53, italics in original). A phrase quoted by Kant, which is used to summarize the counter-utilitarian nature of his moral philosophy, is Fiat justitia, pereat mundus, ("Let justice be done, though the world perish"), which he translates loosely as "Let justice reign even if all the rascals in the world should perish from it". This appears in his 1795 Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch ("Zum ewigen Frieden. Ein philosophischer Entwurf"), Appendix 1.

John Watson was the first principal and president of and professor of moral philosophy at Jefferson College. Watson, a native of Western Pennsylvania, was born in 1771 and was a student at Canonsburg Academy (later Jefferson College, now Washington & Jefferson College). He was a student of the school's founder, John McMillan, who was arranged for him to attend the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University), from where he graduated in 1797. Watson married McMillan's second daughter, Margaret.

The third professor hired at the University was Orson Pratt, who taught astronomy, mathematics, and algebra. The University then closed during a period of scarcity due to crop failures and drought, and reopened in 1867. A science curriculum culminating in a B.S degree was offered in 1870, becoming a 4-year degree in 1884-85. This curriculum focused on mathematics, natural, and physical sciences, as well as classes in history, political economy, theology and moral philosophy.

She argues that considering moral philosophy is engaged with human goodness, then care would appear to assume a significant role in this type of philosophy. However, this is not the case and Tronto further stresses the association between care and "naturalness". The latter term refers to the socially and culturally constructed gender roles where care is mainly assumed to be the role of the woman. As such, care loses the power to take a central role in moral theory.

Cicero's many works can be divided into four groups: (1) letters, (2) rhetorical treatises, (3) philosophical works, and (4) orations. His letters provide detailed information about an important period in Roman history and offer a vivid picture of the public and private life among the Roman governing class. Cicero's works on oratory are our most valuable Latin sources for ancient theories on education and rhetoric. His philosophical works were the basis of moral philosophy during the Middle Ages.

Harrison and Eliza Lewis Carter Tucker (1808–1893) were married December 15, 1830. Her father was George Tucker, then professor of Moral Philosophy at the university, following oddly a lifestyle of social and financial delinquencies. Tucker’s wife was Maria Carter, a grandniece of George Washington. Harrison and wife had ten children, three of whom married university professors and joined their parents as residents of Jefferson's "Academical Village;" amongst them was women’s rights advocate Mary Stuart Smith (1834–1917).

Dermot Moran, Introduction to Phenomenology. Emmanuel Lévinas (1906–1995) was one of the first to introduce phenomenology to France, through his translation of Edmund Husserl’s Cartesian Meditations. Lévinas considered ethics primary in philosophy and once proclaimed that it precedes metaphysics and should be considered the first philosophy. He developed a moral philosophy based around notions of the other and the face which introduced ethics into phenomenology, which had been missing since the demise of Max Scheler.

The lectures in the three faculties were given partly in Latin as before, partly in German. Rationalism and liberalism were repeatedly checked by episcopal visitations and enactments. Among the best known professors of that period were Johann Michael Sailer in moral philosophy and pastoral theology, Patriz Benedikt Zimmer in dogmatic theology, and Weber in philosophy and mathematics. A last regulation of the prince-bishop, dated 1799, contained rules regarding attendance at church, discipline, and methods of teaching and studying.

He was ordained priest by Cardinal Patrizi in the basilica of St John Lateran on 9 April 1859. Vaughan had received minor orders in 1855 and after passing through the various stages he was ordained priest on 9 April 1859. He returned to Downside in August and in 1861 was appointed professor of metaphysics and moral philosophy at Belmont, Herefordshire. A year later he was elected prior of the diocesan chapter of Newport and Menevia and superior of Belmont.

Nancy Bauer is an American philosopher specializing in feminist philosophy, existentialism and phenomenology, and the work of Simone de Beauvoir. She was recently Chair of the Philosophy Department at Tufts University and is currently Dean of Academic Affairs and Professor of Philosophy as well as the Dean of the School of the Museum of Fine Arts at Tufts. Her interests include methodology in philosophy, feminism, metaphysics, social/political/moral philosophy, philosophy of language, phenomenology, and philosophy in film.

The same can occur with moral intuition. If one begins to doubt one's intuition, one should try to imagine oneself in the moral dilemma related to the decision. If the intuition persists, then the intuition is accurate. Prichard further supports these claims by pointing out how it is illegitimate to doubt previously believed moral intuitions: > With these considerations in mind, consider the parallel which, as it seems > to me, is presented though with certain differences by Moral Philosophy.

Ravven is a neurophilosopher and specialist on the philosophy of the seventeenth century philosopher, Baruch Spinoza. She was the first to argue that Spinoza's moral philosophy is a systems theory of ethics. Ravven was also the first philosopher to propose that Spinoza anticipated central discoveries in the neuroscience of the emotions. Ravven has published widely on Spinoza's philosophic thought, on the twelfth century philosopher Moses Maimonides, on G.W.F. Hegel and feminism, and on Jewish ethics and Jewish feminism.

Durant claims that Ptahhotep could be considered the very first philosopher in virtue of having the earliest surviving fragments of moral philosophy (i.e., "The Maxims of Ptah- Hotep"). Ptahhotep's grandson, Ptahhotep Tshefi, is traditionally credited with being the author of the collection of wise sayings known as The Maxims of Ptahhotep,Grimal, p.79. whose opening lines attribute authorship to the vizier Ptahhotep: Instruction of the Mayor of the city, the Vizier Ptahhotep, under the Majesty of King Isesi.

He was born in Kilbirnie, Scotland, on 7 January 1855. He attended Glasgow High School and then Glasgow University. At university he was awarded their medal in logic and moral philosophy, and achieved his MA. Walker then went on to study at Balliol College, Oxford, as Snell Exhibitioner, graduating with first class honours in Literary Humanities in 1883. He would go on to receive an Honorary LLD from Glasgow and an Honorary DLitt from the University of Wales.

Logan Institute's first graduating class Construction on the Logan Institute began in 1928 as the first institute of religion in the state of Utah. When the building was completed, it was dedicated by LDS Church president Heber J. Grant on Easter Sunday, 31 March 1929. When it opened, there was a total enrollment of 114 students and offered two classes: Bible Literature, and Moral Philosophy. The institute's first class graduated on 26 May 1935 and had 21 students.

The Seminarium Fredericianum was established in 1750 by Bishop Erik Pontoppidan as a more secular education alternative for the children at the Latin school. In addition to teaching classical languages and the Bible, boys at the Seminarium Fredericianum also studied mathematics, physics, literature, moral philosophy, German, and French. The aim of the school was to professionalize the city's business community. Around 1780, the curriculum was expanded to include navigation and geography for the needs of tradesmen.

William Romaine Newbold (November 20, 1865 – September 8, 1926) was an American philosopher who held the Adam Seybert Professor of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy chair at the University of Pennsylvania from 1907 to 1926. Newbold was noted for his lectures and writings on Theological Psychology, Christian Gnosticism and Cryptography. William was born in 1865 to William Allibone Newbold and Martha S Bailey. In 1919 he began an analysis of the Voynich Manuscript at the request of Wilfrid Voynich.

Anchor & of their worthy Tutor Mr. Holt. 28th of May 1762 Adam Smith Prof. of Moral Philosophy in the University of Glasgow», from "Adam Smiths norske ankerfeste" (Adam Smits Norwegian anchor pile), article by Preben Munthe in the series Overview of Norwegian monetary history (Tilbakeblikk på norsk pengehistorie) from Norges Bank, 2005 At the Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg in Freiberg in Germany the two young Norwegians got a thorough education, preparing them for the family business.Moss Jernverk, p.

A value is a universal value if it has the same value or worth for all, or almost all, people. Spheres of human value encompass morality, aesthetic preference, human traits, human endeavour, and social order. Whether universal values exist is an unproven conjecture of moral philosophy and cultural anthropology, though it is clear that certain values are found across a great diversity of human cultures, such as primary attributes of physical attractiveness (e.g. youthfulness, symmetry) whereas other attributes (e.g.

16 Burgermeisterstrasse in Wittenberg He was born in Breslau in what was then part of Prussia (now known as Wrocław and in Poland) on 20 November 1737. He was educated in Wurzen in western Saxony then returned to his home town to study at the Elisabeth Gymnasium.Johann Jakob Ebert in General German Biography In 1756 he enrolled at the University of Leipzig again in Saxony. He studied Mathematics, Natural Philosophy (Physics) and Moral Philosophy and graduated MA in 1761.

Charles Frederick', in Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2008, online edn, Oxford University Press, December 2007 Charles D'Arcy was educated at The High School, Dublin, and Trinity College, Dublin, where he was elected a Scholar in mathematics and won a gold medal in Moral Philosophy. He graduated BA in 1882, with a first-class Divinity Testimonium, and MA in 1892. He was later awarded the degrees of Bachelor of Divinity, 1898, and Doctor of Divinity, 1900.

The fact–value distinction is closely related to the naturalistic fallacy, a topic debated in ethical and moral philosophy. G. E. Moore believed it essential to all ethical thinking.Casimir Lewy 1965 - G.E. Moore on the naturalistic fallacy However, contemporary philosophers like Phillipa Foot have called into question the validity of such assumptions. Others, such as Ruth Anna Putnam, argue that even the most "scientific" of disciplines are affected by the "values" of those who research and practice the vocation.

Torrance was educated in Edinburgh, receiving first class degrees in philosophy (for which he was also awarded senior medals in moral philosophy, logic and metaphysics) and theology. Following this he continued his studies in Marburg and Basel, where he studied with Karl Barth, and then continued research in Oxford. Torrance took a special interest in international politics, being a staunch opponent of Apartheid, and engaging directly with President F. W. de Klerk. He also engaged with Gerry Adams.

Whitbread was the son of Samuel Whitbread and Lady Elizabeth Grey. Grey was the daughter of General Charles Grey, 1st Earl Grey and sister of Prime Minister Charles Grey. He was educated at Eton College and St John's College, Cambridge where he studied mathematics, moral philosophy and classics. On 6 July 1815, Whitbread's father took his own life, whereupon his two sons, William Henry (then aged 20) and Samual Charles (19), inherited the family business and estates.

Roberto Lambertini, "Poverty and Power: Franciscans in Later Medieval Political Thought," in Jill Kraye, Risto Saarinen (editors), Moral Philosophy on the Threshold of Modernity (Dordrecht: Springer Science & Business Media, 2006), pp. 141–147. In the Spring of 1280, Cardinal Bentivenga advised Pope Nicholas on the appointment of a new bishop for the diocese of Troia, and the Pope was pleased to follow his recommendation.J. H. Sbaralea (editor), Bullarium Franciscanum III (Rome 1765), no. CLVI, pp. 459–460.

In 1850, this time with Finney's support, the faculty prepared a "searing ten-count indictment" of his "overbearing behavior". He resigned. In his place, famed abolitionist and preacher Charles Finney (already an Oberlin professor) was made president of Oberlin College. Heartbroken, Mahan moved to Cleveland, Ohio, and participated in the founding of Cleveland University, located in the Tremont District of the city, where he was chosen president of the school and also professor of mental and moral philosophy.

Thomas Upham (January 30, 1799 - April 2, 1872) was an American philosopher, psychologist, pacifist, poet, author, and educator. He was an important figure in the holiness movement.Bundy, David "Thomas Cogswell Upham and the Establishment of a Tradition of Ethical Reflection" Encounter 59.1-2 (1998) He became influential within psychology literature and served as the Bowdoin College professor of mental and moral philosophy from 1825-1868. His most popular work, Mental Philosophy received 57 editions over a 73-year period.

"2010 Gifford lectures", University of St Andrews Gifford Lectures. and from 2011 until 2014 he held a quarter-time professorial fellowship at St Andrews in moral philosophy."Roger Scruton appointed as quarter-time professorial fellow", School of Philosophical, Anthropological and Film Studies, University of St Andrews, accessed 27 December 2010. Two novels appeared during this period: Notes from Underground (2014) is based on his experiences in Czechoslovakia, and The Disappeared (2015) deals with child trafficking in a Yorkshire town.

He provides a groundbreaking argument that the rightness of an action is determined by the principle that a person chooses to act upon. This stands in stark contrast to the moral sense theories and teleological moral theories that dominated moral philosophy at the time of Kant's career. The Groundwork is broken into a preface, followed by three sections. Kant's argument works from common reason up to the supreme unconditional law, in order to identify its existence.

He established himself as an expert on German literature in a series of essays for Fraser's Magazine, and by translating German works, notably Goethe's novel Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre. He also wrote a Life of Schiller (1825). In 1826, Thomas Carlyle married fellow intellectual Jane Baillie Welsh, whom he had met through Edward Irving during his period of German studies. In 1827, he applied for the Chair of Moral Philosophy at St Andrews University but was not appointed.

Around the end of 1757 Taylor returned to Lancashire as divinity tutor (including moral philosophy) in Warrington Academy, opened 20 October 1757. The appointment was a tribute to his reputation, but at the age of sixty-three the change turned out unhappily for him. He had troubles in class teaching, on doctrinal matters with John Seddon, and was convinced that he was denied due deference. Rheumatism settled in his knees, and he could not walk without crutches.

Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that "involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior".Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy "Ethics" The field of ethics, along with aesthetics, concerns matters of value, and thus comprises the branch of philosophy called axiology.Random House Unabridged Dictionary: Entry on Axiology. Ethics seeks to resolve questions of human morality by defining concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong, virtue and vice, justice and crime.

The Tanya () is a book by Rabbi Shneur Zalman first published in 1797. It is the first schematic treatment of Hasidic moral philosophy and its metaphysical foundations. According to the Tanya, the intellect consists of three interconnected processes: Chochma (wisdom), Bina (understanding), and Da'at (knowledge). While other branches of Hasidism focused primarily on the idea that "God desires the heart," Shneur Zalman argued that God also desires the mind, and that the mind is the "gateway" to the heart.

In the first section of the Enquiry, Hume provides a rough introduction to philosophy as a whole. For Hume, philosophy can be split into two general parts: natural philosophy and the philosophy of human nature (or, as he calls it, "moral philosophy"). The latter investigates both actions and thoughts. He emphasizes in this section, by way of warning, that philosophers with nuanced thoughts will likely be cast aside in favor of those whose conclusions more intuitively match popular opinion.

Due to the absence of his boss, he was effectively running the mission. Early in his career, he also completed an MA in moral philosophy and a PhD by correspondence from the Sorbonne. His doctorate thesis, submitted in 1974, was entitled The Role of Philosophy in Contemporary Society. In 1985, he submitted a second "state" doctorate, the highest degree in the French education system, entitled Civitas Maxima: Origins, Foundations and Philosophical and Political Significance of the Supranationality Concept.

There is a distinction that is normally drawn between Weil's practical and his theoretical philosophy, however an analysis of his practical philosophy also reveals how deeply intertwined the two are. Weil's practical philosophy can be understood as expressions of specific philosophical categories, specifically for Weil, moral philosophy is a development of "the content […] of the conscience".Canivez, Patrice, Weil, Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 2004. p. 102. Which, following Kant, tries to articulate the "coexistence of nature and freedom".

The Journal of Moral Philosophy is a peer-reviewed journal of moral, political, and legal philosophy with an international focus. It publishes articles in all areas of normative philosophy, including pure and applied ethics, as well as moral, legal, and political theory. Articles exploring non- Western traditions are also welcome. The Journal seeks to promote lively discussions and debates for established academics and the wider community, by publishing articles that avoid unnecessary jargon without sacrificing academic rigour.

In 1880, Nakayama's eldest son, Shuji traveled to the Jifuku Temple at the foot of Mount Kongō, a Buddhist temple belonging to the Shingon sect. The Jifuku Temple agreed to Shuji's request to establish a church, and on September 22, 1880, the "Tenrin-O-Kosha" church was formally inaugurated with a Buddhist fire rite and sermons by Buddhist priests.The Life of Oyasama, p.110-1. The Meisei confraternity spread Nakayama's teachings as moral philosophy and thus escaped persecution.

The candidates must submit and be examined on a paper on moral philosophy. The M.A. was a prerequisite; that is, the candidate must be associated with Oxford. Although some notable persons won the prize initially, it fell into disuse and became a source of financial aid for graduate students. Ultimately so few applied that the university turned it into a scholarship fund Marett won it with The Ethics of Savage Races, which was never published. However.

James Bissett Pratt (June 22, 1875 - January 15, 1944) held the Mark Hopkins Chair of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy at Williams College. He was president of the American Theological Society from 1934 to 1935. Born in Elmira, New York, Pratt was the only child of Daniel Ransom Pratt and Katharine Graham Murdoch. He had an early appreciation of being read to by his mother, and particularly admired the idealism of Ralph Waldo Emerson in his youth.

As a researcher in moral philosophy, Hubin has written on the scope and nature of justice when there are conflicts between two entities. He contrasts the fundamental differences when two person have legitimate claims to the same goods or service versus the conflict between white blood cells and an invading virus, providing other in between examples such as conflicts within a family or problems between non-overlapping generations.Hubin DC. The scope of justice. Philosophy & Public Affairs.

Born in Glasgow, Scotland, Muirhead was educated at Gilbertfield House School, the Glasgow Academy (1866–70), and proceeded to Glasgow University, where he was deeply influenced by the Hegelianism of Edward Caird, the Professor of Moral Philosophy. He graduated MA in 1875. The same year he won a Snell exhibition at Balliol College, Oxford, to which he went up in Trinity Term 1875. His Library was originally published by Allen & Unwin and continued through to the 1970s.

In 1808 in Udny manse he married Elizabeth (Eliza) Forsyth, daughter of William Forsyth of Huntly.The Scots Magazine, vol 70, 1808 They had two sons and six daughters including Rev William Morison Mearns DD (died 1891), minister of Kinneff. His daughter Anne married Rev Prof Robert Macpherson (1806-1867), who succeeded him in the chair of divinity at Aberdeen. His daughter Jane was married to Dr Hercules Scott, who became professor of moral philosophy at Aberdeen.

Xenophon's Cyropaedia. Xenophon wrote the Cyropaedia to outline his political and moral philosophy. He did this by endowing a fictional version of the boyhood of Cyrus the Great, founder of the first Persian Empire, with the qualities of what Xenophon considered the ideal ruler. Historians have asked whether Xenophon's portrait of Cyrus was accurate or if Xenophon imbued Cyrus with events from Xenophon's own life. The consensus is that Cyrus’s career is best outlined in the Histories of Herodotus.

Francis Hutcheson was born in Dublin on 13 August 1721. His parents were the philosopher Francis Hutcheson and his wife Mary (née Wilson)National Dictionary of Biography, "Francis Hutcheson" by L. M. Middleton, rev. K. D. Reynolds, retrieved 9 August 2013 His father was appointed to the Chair of Moral Philosophy in the University of Glasgow in 1729, necessitating a family move. Hutcheson studied in Glasgow University, graduating M.A. there in 1744, and M.D. in 1750.

The Edinburgh, according to Butler, "plainly set out to break the mould of existing journal culture".Butler, 131. Rather than attempting to cover a wide variety of texts, as had the Analytical Review and its cohorts, it focused on only a few texts and restricted itself to subject areas that the editors deemed worthwhile. For example, it emphasized academic fields for which Scottish universities were well-known, such as the natural sciences, moral philosophy, and political economy.

She specializes in moral philosophy, with a particular interest in animal rights, as well as philosophy of science and philosophy of biology. She is the co-author, with her husband Lawrence Finsen, of The Animal Rights Movement in America: From Compassion to Respect (1994), and is the director of Californians for the Ethical Treatment of Animals."Philosophy" , California State University, San Bernardino, accessed 18 June 2012. Finsen received her PhD in philosophy from Indiana University in 1982.

Douglas was born in Edinburgh, and was educated at Edinburgh Academy, the University of Edinburgh and the University of Freiburg. He graduated the University of Edinburgh with first-class honours in philosophy in 1892 and later earned a doctorate from the same institution. He lectured at the university on moral philosophy for seven years. He was the author of studies of English philosopher John Stuart Mill, and co-authored a treatise with Dutch philosopher Cornelis Tiele.

George Combe, a daguerrotype In 1836, Combe stood for the chair of Logic at Edinburgh, against two other candidates, Sir William Hamilton and Isaac Taylor; Hamilton won with 18 votes, against 14 for Taylor. In 1838 Combe visited the United States and studied the treatment of criminals there. He initiated a programme of public education on chemistry, physiology, history and moral philosophy. Combe sought to improve the provision of public education, advocating a national system of non-sectarian education.

Later he entered Trinity College, Dublin, where he had a brilliant career. He specially devoted himself to literature and metaphysics, and was noted for the beauty of his style. In 1834 he gained the ethical moderatorship, newly instituted by Provost Lloyd, and continued in residence at college. In 1837 he decided to enter the Church, and in the same year he was elected to the professorship of moral philosophy, specially founded for him through Lloyd's exertions.

Courses at the collegiate level included math, literature, history, sciences, and philosophy. Courses stressing the Christian faith included “moral philosophy” and “moral science.” During the Civil War, most of the men (both students and administrative members) enrolled in the army. Further difficulties arose In 1867, when Indiana passed a bill that provided state support for public education, adding competition for students. Moreover, the Methodists’ broad statewide efforts toward higher education meant none of their schools were self-sustaining.

By the 19th century, the predominant perspective was contrary to that of Locke's, tending to focus on "instinct." Leda Cosmides and John Tooby noted that William James (1842–1910) argued that humans have more instincts than animals, and that greater freedom of action is the result of having more psychological instincts, not fewer.Cosmides & Tooby, Evolutionary Psychology: A Primer. psych.ucsb.edu The question of "innate ideas" or "instincts" were of some importance in the discussion of free will in moral philosophy.

Following his uncle's death, the estate passed to William George Ward, a theologian and mathematician. In 1834 he was awarded an open fellowship at Balliol College, Oxford, for his work in mathematics. He also published many articles on ethics, religion and moral philosophy, having converted from the Church of England to the Roman Catholic Church in 1845. In 1851, he became a professor of moral philosophy at St Edmund's College, Ware and in 1863 he became editor of the Dublin Review, a Catholic Periodical. In 1852, it was reported that Northwood House had been leased for a period of ten years, to be used as a Catholic seminary.Brighton Gazette dated 19 February 1852, Page 5 However, by 1853, it was written that the house was occupied by Robert White Esq, as an educational establishment. Later, by 1858, the house was again occupied by its rightful owner, William George Ward.Hampshire Advertiser dated 30 August 1856, Page 7 In 1858, William ward gave part of the grounds to the people of Cowes, to be used as public walks and a playground.

From Dublin, he was called to Liverpool. He lodged in a house owned by Joseph Williamson. It was during his 25 years in Liverpool that he published his first work, Rationale of Religious Enquiry, which caught the attention of many religious and philosophical figures. In 1840 Martineau was appointed Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy and Political Economy in Manchester New College, the seminary in which he had been educated, and which had now moved from York back to Manchester.

It should thus only spring from Christian Aristotelianism, not from Stoicism or Neoplatonism. He wrote on a wide range of topics, including plagiarism and the education of women. He was the teacher of Gottfried Leibniz at the University of Leipzig, where Thomasius was professor of Rhetoric and Moral Philosophy, remaining a friend and correspondent, and has been described as Leibniz's mentor. He is perhaps best remembered now as the author of the first published attack on Spinoza's Theological-Political Treatise.

He was appointed treasurer of Salisbury on 21 April 1590, canon of Christ Church, Oxford, 1591, and canon of Windsor 1593. He died on 1 March 1624, and was buried in the chancel of St. Dunstan-in-the-West, Fleet Street. Both of his wives were buried in the same church. After his death the university of Oxford honoured his memory in a public oration delivered by William Price, the first reader of the moral philosophy lecture founded by White.

After graduating from the Vienna Polytechnikum, Popper-Lynkeus worked for two years as an engineer in a private firm. From 1862 – 1866, he tutored and occasionally lectured, and from 1867 \- 1897, he privately pursued various inventions. In 1868, he contrived a system of gaskets to prevent the buildup of scale on the inner walls of steam boilers. This and some other inventions prepared the ground for his work in engineering, physics, and social and moral philosophy – independently of establishment and closed academic groups.

An advocate of natural law within a Christian and republican cosmology, Witherspoon considered moral philosophy vital for ministers, lawyers, and those holding positions in government (magistrates). Firm but good-humored in his leadership, Witherspoon was very popular among both faculty and students. Witherspoon had been a prominent evangelical Presbyterian minister in Scotland before accepting the Princeton position. As the college's primary occupation at the time was training ministers, Witherspoon became a major leader of the early Presbyterian Church in America.

Civil government owed more to the latter than the former in Witherspoon's Presbyterian doctrine. Thus, public morality owed more to the natural moral laws of the Enlightenment than to revealed Christianity. In his lectures on moral philosophy at Princeton, required of all juniors and seniors, Witherspoon argued for the revolutionary right of resistance and recommended checks and balances within government. He made a profound impression on his student James Madison, whose suggestions for the United States Constitution followed both Witherspoon's and Hume's ideas.

Immanuel Kant introduced the categorical imperative: "Act only according to that maxim whereby you can, at the same time, will that it should become a universal law." Ethics (also known as moral philosophy) is the branch of philosophy which addresses questions of morality. The word "ethics" is "commonly used interchangeably with 'morality', and sometimes it is used more narrowly to mean the moral principles of a particular tradition, group, or individual."John Deigh in Robert Audi (ed), The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, 1995.

Derek Antony Parfit (; 11 December 1942 – 1 or 2 January 2017) was a British philosopher who specialised in personal identity, rationality, and ethics. He is widely considered one of the most important and influential moral philosophers of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Parfit rose to prominence in 1971 with the publication of his first paper, "Personal Identity". His first book, Reasons and Persons (1984), has been described as the most significant work of moral philosophy since the 1800s.

They had six sons together, three of whom died in childhood from diphtheria (two in 1855, the other in 1862). From 1853 to 1859, he was professor of ecclesiastical history and polity and from 1859 to 1869 adjunct professor of systematic theology in Union Theological Seminary, where he later became full professor of systematics. In 1883, he was appointed professor of mental and moral philosophy in the University of Texas. Dabney defended the biblical "righteousness" of slavery and opposed public schools.

From 2005 to 2009, he served as Professor and Dean of the Faculty of Political Science and Diplomacy at Vytautas Magnus University. In addition, he acts as Docent of Social and Moral Philosophy at the University of Helsinki, and as Extraordinary Visiting Professor of Cultural Theory at Tallinn University, Estonia. From September 2014 Leonidas Donskis acts as Vice-President for research at ISM University of Management and Economics. He is also a member of the editorial board of the magazine New Eastern Europe.

Flynn has written a variety of books. His research interests include humane ideals and ideological debate, classics of political philosophy, and race, class and IQ (see race and intelligence). His books combine political and moral philosophy with psychology to examine problems such as justifying humane ideals and whether it makes sense to rank races and classes by merit. He is currently a member of the editorial board of Intelligence and on the Honorary International Advisory Editorial Board of the Mens Sana Monographs.

Philosophy of sport is an area of philosophy that seeks to conceptually analyze issues of sport as human activity. These issues cover many areas, but fall primarily into five philosophical categories: metaphysics, ethics and moral philosophy, philosophy of law, political philosophy, and aesthetics. The philosophical perspective on sport originated in Ancient Greece, having experienced a revival in the latter part of the 20th century with the work of Paul Weiss and Howard Slusher. Quinton, Anthony (August 21, 1969) Locker Room Metaphysics. nybooks.

Edwards was characterized by Michael Wreen as "mixed one part analytic philosopher to one part philosophe" with "a deep respect for science and common sense." His considerable influence on moral philosophy came from two works he edited, a very widely used introductory anthology he co- edited with Arthur Pap, A Modern Introduction to Philosophy (1957, 1965, 1973) and the Encyclopedia of Philosophy (1967), an eight-volume "massive Enlightenment work with notable analytic sensibility."Wreen, Michael. "Edwards, Paul," in Ted Honderich (ed.).

His father taught him Latin, Greek and Hebrew at an unusually early age. Afterwards, for a short time he was under the care of a clergyman at Clapham, and was then sent to King William's College, in the Isle of Man. He entered University of Dublin, Trinity College in 1842. He was a distinguished student there, obtaining, besides other honours, a classical scholarship in 1845, and a senior moderatorship (gold medal) in mental and moral philosophy at his degree examination in 1846.

Born in Lochinver to David and Margaret McLeod of Stoer, Norman spent his childhood days amongst the hills, lochans and peat bogs of remote Assynt. At the age of twenty-seven, he went to the University of Aberdeen to study for a Master of Arts degree. On graduating in 1812, he was awarded the Gold Medal for Moral Philosophy. To enable him to enter the ministry and be guaranteed a presbytery, he had to go to Edinburgh to complete a theology course.

African philosophy is the philosophical discourse produced by indigenous Africans and their descendants, including African Americans. African philosophers may be found in the various academic fields of philosophy, such as metaphysics, epistemology, moral philosophy, and political philosophy. One particular subject that many African philosophers have written about is that on the subject of freedom and what it means to be free or to experience wholeness. Philosophy in Africa has a rich and varied history, some of which has been lost over time.

At Venice in 1667, during the week beginning 26 September, he held a public disputation, against all comers, on nearly every branch of human knowledge, especially the Bible, theology, patrology, history, law, literature, and poetry. He named this disputation, in his quaint and extravagant style, "Leonis Marci rugitus litterarii" (the literary roaring of the Lion of St. Mark); this obtained for him the freedom of the city of Venice and the professorship of moral philosophy at the University of Padua.

Bernard Crick, a British political scientist and advocate of relativism, wrote the book In Defence of Politics (first published in 1962), suggesting the inevitability of moral conflict between people. Crick stated that only ethics could resolve such conflict, and when that occurred in public it resulted in politics. Accordingly, Crick saw the process of dispute resolution, harms reduction, mediation or peacemaking as central to all of moral philosophy. He became an important influence on the feminists and later on the Greens.

After a couple centuries of stagnation, in the sixteenth century ethical questions are again made the subject of careful investigation. Writers include the Francisco de Vitoria, Dominicus Soto, Luis de Molina, Francisco Suárez, Leonardus Lessius, Juan de Lugo, Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz, and Alphonsus Liguori. Since the sixteenth century, special chairs of ethics (moral philosophy) have been funded in many Catholic universities. Among topics they discussed was the ethics of action in case of doubt, leading to the doctrine of probabilism.

He was born on 11 April 1838 in the manse at Thurso, the son of Rev Walter Ross Taylor and his wife, Isabella Murray. He was educated at Thurso Free Church School. In the Disruption of 1843 his father left the Church of Scotland to join the Free Church, and they had to vacate the manse as a result. He went to Edinburgh University where he received the medal in Moral Philosophy and won the Stratton Scholarship for best third year student.

In moral philosophy, Ng advocates for the consequentialist position of hedonistic utilitarianism. He has defended this view in various academic papers, some of which were jointly written with the utilitarian moral philosopher Peter Singer. He also argues for this position in his 2000 book Efficiency, Equality, and Public Policy. Thanks to his early work on animal welfare, global catastrophic risks and the measurement of wellbeing, he is credited with originating many ideas that would later be incorporated into the philosophy of effective altruism.

The University of Otago was opened in 1871 with three professors teaching Classics and English, Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, and Moral Philosophy respectively. The university quickly expanded to teach mining (1872), Law (1873) and medicine (1875). A combination of money, good building stones and the then Scottish international pre- eminence in architecture saw a remarkable flowering of substantial and ornamental buildings, unusual for such a young and distant colony. R.A. Lawson's First Church of Otago and Knox Church are notable examples.

Juan Gomez, "Paintings as Experiments in Natural and Moral Philosophy", Early Modern Experimental Philosophy, 28 February 2011. Later that year, he published a brief religious work, An Impartial Enquiry into the Moral Character of Jesus Christ. In this work, Turnbull expounded Christ as the greatest of moral philosophers. He also published the greatest statements of his philosophy in The Principles of Moral and Christian Philosophy, which drew on his old Aberdeen lectures as well as his discussions with philosophers on the Continent.

In the early 20th century moral philosophy evolved into what is today recognized as "social science", economics, sociology, political science etc. This new field of scientific research contributed significantly to the efforts of the Rowell-Sirois Commission studying the effects of the depression on Canada's political economy. The thirties also saw the creation in 1935 of the Fields Medal, the "Nobel Prize" of mathematics, named in honour of its champion, Charles Fields a prominent mathematician at the University of Toronto.

Views he defends in philosophy of mind give rise to the solutions he offers to problems in metaphysics about the nature of free will, and to problems in the philosophy of the social sciences, and these in turn give rise to the solutions he provides to problems in moral philosophy and political philosophy. His corpus as a whole was the subject of a series of critical essays published in Common Minds: Themes from the Philosophy of Philip Pettit (Oxford University Press, 2007).

In 1847-1850 he was professor of moral philosophy and metaphysics at Amherst; and in 1850-1854 was Washburn professor of Church history, and in 1854-1874 Roosevelt professor of systematic theology, at Union Theological Seminary. His health failed in 1874 and he died in New York City on 7 February 1877. His son Henry Goodwin Smith was also a theologian. Rejecting the Old School version of New England Theology, Smith was one of the foremost leaders of the new school Presbyterians.

John Clark Murray (19 March 1836 – 20 November 1917) was a Scottish philosopher and professor. He held the Chair of Mental and Moral Philosophy at Queen's University from 1862 to 1872, and at McGill University from 1872 until 1903. During his academic career, Murray became the first professor at Queen's to offer courses to women; however, his equality advocacy caused unrest among the male professors. He was married to Margaret Polson Murray who founded the Imperial Order Daughters of the Empire.

Books on moral philosophy include: The Secular Saints: And Why Morals Are Not Just Subjective (Axios Press, 2018), A Question of Values: Six Ways We Make the Personal Choices That Shape Our Lives (Harper, Collins; 1990, Axios Press; Rev edition May 25, 2000), The Beguiling Serpent (Axios Press; August 31, 2000), Alternative Values: For and Against Wealth, Power, Fame, Praise, Glory, and Physical Pleasure (Axios Press; July 25, 2005). Articles include, among others: "Sustainability, The Complete Concept: Environment, Healthcare, and Economy".

He won the Moral Philosophy gold medal and Blackstone Prize while at Glasgow University. He was influenced greatly by Edward Caird and Richard Jebb and briefly became a student assistant to John Veitch. Denney was an outstanding student at Free Church College, where he studied under Dr. George C.M. Douglas (Old Testament), Dr. T.M. Lindsay (Church History), Dr. James Candlish (Systematic Theology) and Dr Alexander Balmain Bruce (New Testament). Denney was greatly influenced by Professor Bruce in particular, adopting his system of apologetics.

After being given a copy of Richard Dawkins's The Selfish Gene as a Christmas present, in 1978 Mackie wrote an article in the journal Philosophy praising the book and discussing how its ideas might be applied to moral philosophy. The philosopher Mary Midgley responded in 1979 with "Gene-Juggling", an article arguing that The Selfish Gene was about psychological egoism rather than evolution. This started a dispute between Mackie, Midgley, and Dawkins that was ongoing at the time of Mackie's death.

In fact, there is no soul in Buddhism." referring to the Buddhist doctrine of Anatta, or no soul. Therefore, he reasons, the Karma in Buddhism is a moral philosophy based only on actions of one's immediate life, such that an individual is not rendered helpless. He argues that a karma based on previous life is a dangerous ideology, because "for in this interpretation of karma there is no room left for human effort. Everything is predetermined for him by his past karma.

Major criticisms of Maritain have included: #An overdependence upon late scholastic commentators at the expense of fidelity to Aquinas' own text. However, Maritain is frequently developing his own thought to address contemporary problems. His work is that of a philosopher who makes use of historical sources to develop his own positions rather than that of a historian of philosophy. #Santiago Ramírez argued that Maritain's moral philosophy adequately considered could not be distinguished in any meaningful way from moral theology as such.

Reid's theory of knowledge had a strong influence on his theory of morals. He thought epistemology was an introductory part to practical ethics: When we are confirmed in our common beliefs by philosophy, all we have to do is to act according to them, because we know what is right. His moral philosophy is reminiscent of Roman stoicism in its emphasis on the agency of the subject and self-control. He often quotes Cicero, from whom he adopted the term "sensus communis".

He gave his inaugural lecture on 12 May 1708. Thomas Hearne, once a friend, noted his decline into consumption. During 1708 Thwaites was appointed Whyte's professor of moral philosophy. Hearne speaks of Thwaites as reduced by 1711 to a skeleton; he was suffering from a complication of disorders, and Charles Bernard, royal surgeon, was impressed by his heroism during an operation to amputate his leg; he is said to have mentioned the case to Queen Anne, who made a grant of money.

Though popular in 1776, historian Pauline Maier cautions that, "Paine's influence was more modest than he claimed and than his more enthusiastic admirers assume."Maier, Pauline, From Resistance to Revolution: Colonial Radicals and the Development of American Opposition to Britain, 1765–1776, p. 91 In summary, "in the middle eighteenth century," it was "the collegians who studied" the ideas of the new learning and moral philosophy taught in the Colonial colleges who "created new documents of American nationhood."Hoeveler, p.

Such principles and norms cannot simply be ignored,Løgstrup The Ethical Demand pp.100-104 and they may make us act as we would have done had we realized the ethical demand; for that reason they are morally useful. But ultimately they are only a substitute for genuinely realizing the ethical, not constitutive of doing so as mainstream moral philosophy assumes. The Ethical Demand contains analyses of concrete phenomena such as trust, which Løgstrup takes to be fundamental to moral life.

That same year, he was appointed to a position as Professor of Languages at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. McGuffey became famous as the author of the Readers (more accurately the editor), but he wrote few other works. He left Miami University for positions of successively greater responsibility at Cincinnati College, Ohio University in Athens, Ohio, and Woodward College in Cincinnati, where he served as president. He ended his career as a Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Virginia.

Baillie was born in West Mill, Cortachy, Forfarshire and studied at the University of Edinburgh, where he gained a PhD in 1899 on "The growth of Hegel's logic" and Trinity College, Cambridge. He lectured in philosophy at University College, Dundee, and in August 1902 was appointed Regius Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Aberdeen. In 1906 he married Helena May James: they had no children. During the First World War he was in the intelligence division of the British Admiralty.

Thomas Peter Akers (October 4, 1828 – April 3, 1877) was an attorney, college professor, and member of the United States House of Representatives from 1856 to 1857. He was born in Knox County, Ohio, where he graduated from college and studied law. He became a school teacher in Kentucky, and moved later, in 1853, to Lexington, Missouri. He became a professor of mathematics and moral philosophy at Masonic College in Lexington, as well as the pastor of a local Methodist church there.

His moral philosophy was Aristotelean, arguing for conduct in the middle ground between extremes. His political thought embraced the need for order but allowed a community to restrain any ruler whose conduct had become dangerous to its very survival. Almain's critique of Cajetan's treatise on the papacy argued that Church and State were parallel in nature, both able to act against an errant leader, whether pope or king. All of these teachings are found in the posthumous Opuscula (Paris, 1518).

In 1861 he was installed pastor of the 50th St. Presbyterian Church in New York, but he did not continue there many months. He devoted the closing part of his life to teaching and writing for the press. Among the most important of his numerous publications is Discourses on the Trinity, The Young Man's Aid, Self Examination, Intellectual Philosophy, and Moral Philosophy. He is also the author of various printed discourses, including a history of the Presbyterian Church in Geneva.

The Oxford Group initially consisted of postgraduate philosophy students, and included Stanley and Roslind Godlovitch, John Harris, David Wood, and Michael Peters (a sociology postgrad). Its members were active in academic circles in Oxford, and through their influence others became interested in the idea of developing a moral philosophy that included non- humans. A particular inspiration was the writing of Brigid Brophy, the novelist. The idea of editing a collection of essays on animal rights emerged, and Brophy and others agreed to contribute.

After 1820, Day taught mental and moral philosophy, and in 1838 published An Inquiry Respecting the Self-determining Power of the Will and A Course of Mathematics containing The Principles of Plane Trigonometry, Mensuration, Navigation and Surveying; and in 1841 An Examination of President Edwards's _Inquiry on the Freedom of the Will_. He also contributed numerous articles to periodicals, and published a few sermons. Dat was responsible for the publication of "The Yale Report of 1828" defending the classical curriculum.

Political science is a late arrival in terms of social sciences. However, the discipline has a clear set of antecedents such as moral philosophy, political philosophy, political economy, history, and other fields concerned with normative determinations of what ought to be and with deducing the characteristics and functions of the ideal form of government. The roots of politics are in prehistory. In each historic period and in almost every geographic area, we can find someone studying politics and increasing political understanding.

Etyka (Polish for "ethics") is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering moral philosophy, published by the Institute of Philosophy (University of Warsaw). It was established in 1966, but publication was interrupted between 1990 and 1993.Etyka 26/1993, Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawnictwa Naukowe, 1990 Etyka publishes articles on ethics, applied ethics, history of ethics, psychology and sociology of morality, ethical education, and texts concerning current ethical controversies. Editors-in-chief have been Marek Fritzhand (1966-1967), Henryk Jankowski (1968-1992), and Barbara Skarga (1993-2006).

Immanuel Kant, in the 18th century, argued that right and wrong are founded on duty, which issues a Categorical Imperative to us, a command that, of its nature, ought to be obeyed. An action is only truly moral if done from a sense of duty, and the most valuable thing is a human will that has decided to act rightly. To decide what duty requires, Kant proposes the principle of universalizability: correct moral rules are those everyone could adopt.R. Johnson, Kant's moral philosophy (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy).

Two years later, having successfully passed her examinations in this subject area, she returned home and entered the University of the Republic. From 1906 to 1911, she studied Law and Social Science and took her Advocate's degree, being the first woman in Uruguay to do so. Subsequently, she was sent to Europe to represent Uruguay at the Conference of Deaf-Mute Teachers held in Rome. On her return home, she was appointed Professor of Moral Philosophy and Religion in the Normal Institute for Girls.

Lilian Bell with daughter In May 1900, she married Arthur Hoyt Bogue of Chicago, and they resided in Applethorpe, Tarrytown-on-Hudson, New York. Bell had a deeply religious side to her nature, and was a devout church-goer. She loved to study moral philosophy, of which she said: "I crave the Bible just as keenly as I crave to dance, and I could get along without the latter much better than I could without the former." The daily reading of the Bible was a life habit.

Henry Sidgwick (; 31 May 1838 – 28 August 1900) was an English utilitarian philosopher and economist. He was the Knightbridge Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Cambridge from 1883 until his death, and is best known in philosophy for his utilitarian treatise The Methods of Ethics. He was one of the founders and first president of the Society for Psychical Research and a member of the Metaphysical Society and promoted the higher education of women. His work in economics has also had a lasting influence.

James Martineau (; 21 April 1805 – 11 January 1900) was an English religious philosopher influential in the history of Unitarianism. For 45 years he was Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy and Political Economy in Manchester New College (now Harris Manchester College, of the University of Oxford), the principal training college for British Unitarianism. Many portraits of Martineau, including one painted by George Frederick Watts, are held at London's National Portrait Gallery. In 2014, the gallery revealed that its patron, Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge, was related to Martineau.

He cited the noted and decorated Philosopher, Psychologist, and Congregational minister George Trumbull Ladd (Clarke Professor of Metaphysics and Moral Philosophy at Yale University) as his first Philosophy teacher. From 1903, Riley was associate editor of the Psychological Bulletin. He was Johnston research scholar at Johns Hopkins University from 1904–07, during which period he was already "for some time" a professor at the University of New Brunswick. In 1908, Riley became professor of philosophy at Vassar, and by 1920 was simultaneously a Lecturer at the Sorbonne.

Ira Haning, a Free Will Baptist minister, persuaded Nehemiah and Permelia Atwood, along with Eustace St. James, affluent residents and entrepreneurs, to use their wealth to establish a college. Following Nehemiah’s death in 1869, the responsibility for making this dream a reality fell to his wife Permelia. In 1873, Permelia Ridgeway Atwood established an endowment and deeded of land for Rio Grande College, which officially opened on September 13, 1876. In its first year, Ransom Dunn was president as well as professor of mental and moral philosophy.

It was, unquestionably, the source from which moral philosophy was directly developed, and theorists upon life and infinity, such as Pythagoras and Xenophanes, seem to have begun their career as gnomic poets. Gnomes, in their literary sense, belong to the dawn of literature, in their naiveté and their simplicity and moralizing. Many of the ethical reflections of the great dramatists, and in particular of Sophocles and Euripides, are gnomic distiches expanded. The ancient Greek gnomes are not all solemn; some are voluptuous and some chivalrous.

Similarly to ancient Greek philosophy, Old Norse philosophy was independent of influence from religious dogma, and emphasized that human nature was the foundation on which the pillars of moral philosophy must rest. The aim of life is happiness, which can only be attained by living a life of virtue. Virtues emphasized in Old Norse philosophy include independence, self-reliance, loyalty, modesty, hospitality, generosity, compassion, courage, and most importantly, wisdom. Independence was not just attained materially, but was exerted through independence of thought and action as well.

He became schoolmaster of the parish of Fordoun in 1753. He took the position of usher at the grammar-school of Aberdeen in 1758. In 1760, he was, to his surprise, appointed Professor of Moral Philosophy at Marischal College (later part of Aberdeen University) as a result of the influence exerted by his close friend, Robert Arbuthnot of Haddo.A Biographical Dictionary of Eminent Scotsmen, Robert Chambers, 1835 In the following year he published a volume of poems, The Judgment of Paris (1765), which attracted attention.

From 1855 to 1867 Lal Behari was a missionary and minister of the Free Church of Scotland. From 1867 to 1889 he worked as professor of English in Government-administered colleges at Berhampore and Hooghly. After having served in several churches in the prime of his career, he joined the Berhampore Collegiate School as Principal in 1867. Later he became Professor of English and Mental and Moral Philosophy in Hooghly Mohsin College of the University of Calcutta and stayed with it from 1872 to 1888.

For the Use of Schools 4 vols. being dissatisfied with the texts available to use at this time. The growth of the academic curriculum of the school provided an important transition to the latter, better-known schools for women such as Catharine Beecher's and Emma Willard, both of which had their roots in the Litchfield Female Academy. Under Brace the school offered courses in Latin, Moral Philosophy, Logic, Rhetoric and Natural Philosophy, and other subjects whose suitability for women was debated well into the nineteenth century.

In the first section of the prologue, Marie de France discusses the medieval ideal of "clergie". Clergie is the notion that people have a duty to understand, learn, and preserve works of the past for future peoples. Here, in the prologue, she is referencing the duty of scholars to preserve moral philosophy and proverbs. The rest of Marie de France’s prologue outlines how Aesop took up this duty for his society and how she must now preserve his fables and others for her present culture.

Plaque in Honor of Lorin Andrews Will Be Unveiled, The Evening Independent (Massillon, Ohio) April 1, 1938, page 17, accessed at Newspapers.com, In the early 1850s Andrews was an agent for the Ohio Teachers' Association and he served as the body's president in 1854 and 1855. In late 1853 he was elected president of Kenyon College, which had been going through financial difficulties since the 1840s. He began his duties in 1854, which included holding the title of Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy, Political Economy, etc.

He then became a professor emeritus of moral philosophy at the University of Turin. In 1994, Mathieu helped start the Forza Italia movement alongside Silvio Berlusconi, Lucio Colletti, and others. In July 2010, there were reports of Mathieu's membership in Opus Dei, but these rumors were denied by both Opus Dei and Mathieu in an address to the editorial staff of Corriere della Sera. Throughout his career, Vittorio Mathieu made significant contributions in the fields of philosophy of science, history of philosophy, aesthetics, and civil philosophy.

Dr. Robert Greenhow, later the husband of noted spy Rose Greenhow, survived the fire along with his father; his mother was killed in the blaze. Another survivor was former representative John G. Jackson, then serving in the Virginia General Assembly. George Tucker, who became the University of Virginia's first Professor of Moral Philosophy, narrowly escaped with his life, after being struck in the head by a timber which left a permanent scar. In his autobiography, Tucker claimed to have saved several women from the conflagration.

Mayne had his initial education in Dublin and graduated in law from Trinity College, Dublin. He was called to the English bar in 1854, but practised in the United Kingdom from 1854 to 1856 before moving to Madras, India. Mayne served as the Professor of law, logic and moral philosophy at the Presidency College, Madras from 1857 throughout the 1860s. He also served as Assistant Legal Secretary to the Madras government from 1860 to 1872 and as a Clerk of the Crown during the 1860s.

They also replaced the study of theology with non- denominational moral philosophy, using Johnson's "new system of morality" and his philosophy textbook as the core of the curriculum. Johnson, Franklin, and Smith met in Stratford in June 1753. They planned two new-model colleges: Johnson would open King's College in New York City, and Franklin and Smith would open the College of Philadelphia (now the University of Pennsylvania). William Smith immediately after the meeting left for London to raise funds and receive Anglican orders.

In 1828, the trustees of the newly formed Indiana College wrote to Wylie offering him the position of president. Wylie accepted and began in the fall of 1829. There he joined two other faculty members, Baynard Rush Hall who taught Ancient Greek and Latin, and John Hopkins Harney who taught mathematics, natural philosophy, mechanical philosophy and chemistry. In addition to serving as President, Wylie taught classes in moral philosophy, mental philosophy, rhetoric, evidences of Christianity, belles lettres, and the Constitution of the United States.

In 1861 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh his proposer being John Hutton Balfour. In 1862 he endowed the chair of Sanskrit in the University of Edinburgh, and was the main agent in founding the Shaw fellowship in moral philosophy. He was a DCL of Oxford, LLD of Edinburgh and PhD of Bonn, and was one of the first to receive the distinction of Companion of the Indian Empire. Muir died unmarried, on 7 March 1882, at 10 Merchiston Avenue, Edinburgh.

His first stories were sent to the Southern Magazine; others to The Century followed, and became immediately popular. He had the knack of story-telling that depicted the homely children of the soil, quaint characters that filled the memories of his youth, and he embalmed their fading images with facility and a faithful regard to accuracy that preserved the bourgeois type of old Middle Georgia. His style was serene and facile, mingling humour with moral philosophy. As a critic he had poetic sympathy with wise discrimination.

Social Theory and Practice is a peer-reviewed academic journal that features discussion of theoretical and applied questions in social, political, legal, economic, educational, and moral philosophy, including critical studies of classical and contemporary social philosophers. Established in 1970, it publishes original philosophical work by authors from many disciplines, including the humanities, the social sciences, and the natural sciences. This journal has a Level 1 classification from the Publication Forum of the Federation of Finnish Learned Societies. and a SHERPA/RoMEO "green" self- archiving policy.

The industry, which saw trade with England and The Low Countries, started to struggle once the new docks were opened in Methil further along the Fife coast. Gradually, the demand for the harbour began to fall and it went into decline. The harbour has since been filled in and part of the old village restored, becoming a conservation area with several attractive buildings. William Angus Knight, Professor of Moral Philosophy at St Andrews University, editor and biographer of William Wordsworth, lived here as a child from 1844.

St. Thomas by Antonio del Castillo y Saavedra, ca. 1649 While generally the Aristotelian structure of the branches of philosophy stayed in place, interesting developments and tensions were taking place within them. In moral philosophy, for instance, a position consistently held by Thomas Aquinas and his numerous followers was that its three subfields (ethics, economics, politics) were related to progressively wider spheres (the individual, the family and the community). Politics, Thomas thought, is more important than ethics because it considers the good of the greater number.

In 1946, Harper helped Leonard Read start the Foundation for Economic Education. A member of the Mont Pelerin Society, Harper was present at the group's first meeting in 1947 along with Friedrich Hayek, Ludwig Von Mises, Milton Friedman, and Karl Popper. Harper served on the staff of the Foundation for Economic Education until 1958, when he became a co-director of the William Volker Fund, a position he held until 1961. In the early 1960s, Harper served as a visiting professor of moral philosophy at Wabash College.

It was designed by the architect William Burn, who also designed Arddarroch House on the other side of the road, built in 1838 for the Glasgow merchant John McVicar. Both estates are now occupied by the oil depot. Finnart House was the birthplace in 1855 of John Macgregor's son William York Macgregor, who became known as a landscape painter. The house subsequently became the home of the philosopher Edward Caird, who was Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Glasgow from 1866 to 1893.

She studied a number of social subjects including politics, and graduated in April 1900. Macmillan was the first woman to earn First-class honours from Edinburgh in Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, also earning Second-class honours in Moral Philosophy and Logic. During this time she was a member of the Edinburgh Ladies' Debating Society, a forum which helped her gain confidence arguing in the face of opposition. She also joined the Edinburgh Mathematical Society in May 1897, the second woman member after Flora Philip in 1896.

She describes the cooperation of the Jewish leaders in terms of a disintegration of Jewish morality: "This role of the Jewish leaders in the destruction of their own people is undoubtedly the darkest chapter in the whole dark story". Widely misunderstood, this caused an even greater controversy and particularly animosity toward her in the Jewish community and in Israel. For Arendt, the Eichmann trial marked a turning point in her thinking in the final decade of her life, becoming increasingly preoccupied with moral philosophy.

Beginning in 1740, he worked with the Rev. Samuel Johnson of Stratford, Connecticut, to reform Yale. He brought math and science into Yale's curriculum, and undergraduate studies in divinity were replaced by Johnson's non-denominational moral philosophy. Clap published a Yale library catalog in 1743, with an index system based on his friend Samuel Johnson's map of learning, and drafted a new charter of the school, granted by the General Assembly in 1745, incorporating the institution as "The President and Fellows of Yale College in New Haven".

The university grants undergraduate degrees (Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science) in 65 majors. Students may also utilize many pre-professional concentrations, such as pre-medical, pre-law, and pre-dental. The university also has an Honors Program and the SJLA (Special Jesuit Liberal Arts) Program in which select students complete courses in moral philosophy, ethics, theology, and the humanities in addition to their normal course load. The university also grants graduate degrees in 29 fields, ranging from Accounting and Chemistry to Software Engineering and Theology.

George Turnbull (11 July 1698 – 31 Jan 1748) was a Scottish philosopher, theologian, teacher, writer on education and an early but little-known figure in the Scottish Enlightenment. He taught at Marischal College, Aberdeen, worked as a tutor and became an Anglican clergyman. Aside from his published writings on moral philosophy, he is also known for the influence he exerted on Thomas Reid and as the first member of the Scottish Enlightenment to publish a formal treatise on the theory and practice of education.

A Butler scholar, Stephen Darwall, wrote: "Probably no figure had a greater impact on nineteenth-century British moral philosophy than Butler."Darwall, "Introduction<" p. 3. Butler's chief target in the Sermons was Thomas Hobbes and the egoistic view of human nature he had defended in Leviathan (1651). Hobbes was a materialist who believed that science reveals a world in which all events are causally determined and in which all human choices flow unavoidably from whatever desire is most powerful in a person at a given time.

In 1835 he tried for the Headmastership of Winchester, but was defeated by Dr Moberley by one vote. From 1836 to 1841 he was White's Professor of Moral Philosophy. Sewell, who took holy orders in 1830, aged only twenty-six, was a friend of Pusey, Newman, Keble and R. H. Froude in the earlier days of the Tractarian movement, but subsequently considered that the Tractarians leaned too much towards Rome, and dissociated himself from them. His novel Hawkstone was opposed to Newman's position at the time.

Eugène Dupréel (February 8, 1879 – February 14, 1967) was a Belgian philosopher. He has been professor at the Université libre de Bruxelles from 1907 to 1950, teaching logic, metaphysics, greek philosophy, moral philosophy and sociological theory. He developed an ethical theory and a theory of knowledge deeply influenced by sociology, and worked closely with the Institut de Sociologie Solvay. Leader of the "École de Bruxelles", he had a major influence on the argumentation theorist Chaïm Perelman and thus has been instrumental in the renewal of rhetoric.

Peter DeBolla argues that the poem is irresolvable partly because of the math in the poem—the evenhanded tension between even and odd.Peter De Bolla, Art Matters (Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2001) Maureen McLane reads the poem in the context of moral philosophy and argues that while the girl and the questioner speak the same language, they have wholly different views about time, death, and counting.Maureen N. McLane, Romanticism and the Human Sciences: Poetry, Population, and the Discourse of the Species (Cambridge University Press, 2000) 53–62.

He passed the Matriculation with Marathi as his second language when Mr. Krishna Shastri Chiplunkar (father of the Late Mr. Vishnu Shastri) nand Mr. Candy were the examiners for Marathi. Joshi thereafter joined the Elphinstone College at Mumbai in 1870. He began to learn Sanskrit only after joining the College, and within one year made up the subject to the required standard and got through the Examination. He passed the B.A.in 1873, with Logic and Moral Philosophy, and History and Political Economy as his optional subjects.

Hocking began teaching as an instructor in comparative religion at Andover Theological Seminary. In 1906 he and his wife moved to the West Coast, where he joined the philosophy faculty at the University of California, Berkeley, under George Howson. In 1908 he was called to Yale, where he served as an assistant professor and published his first major work, The Meaning of God in Human Experience (1912). In 1914 Hocking returned to Harvard, where he eventually became Alford Professor of Natural Religion, Moral Philosophy and Civil Polity.

Gregson's father, Terence Gregson, wrote BBC comedy in the 1970s and 1980s and was a lecturer at Leeds Beckett University. His brother, Dr John Gregson, is a Senior Lecturer in Criminology at Leeds Beckett University and is a published author having contributed a chapter to the book, Political Ideologies by Paul Wetherly. He has written a book on the Moral Philosophy and Life of Alasdair MacintyreGregson, John, December 2018, Marxism, Ethics and Politics: The Work of Alasdair MacIntyre (Marx, Engels, and Marxisms), Palgrave Macmillan.

Portrait of Jesse Torrey (1912) Jesse Torre, Jr., depicted recording the narrative of free people who had been kidnapped Jesse Torrey, Jr., (May 25, 1787 – ca. 1834) was a Philadelphia physician who gathered first-hand narratives by African Americans and eye-witness accounts by white observers of slavery and kidnapping. He published these, along with his personal observations, in an early anti-slavery book, A Portraiture of Slavery in the United States (Philadelphia, 1817). He also wrote juvenile guides to moral philosophy and natural history.

McIntyre's research areas are varied, and include the philosophy of mind, moral theory, the history of moral philosophy, and 18th-century British moral psychology. Her current research is focused on the debates surrounding moral motivation and judgment that took place in Scotland, England, and Ireland, in the 17th and 18th centuries. McIntyre has also delved into issues of bioethics, specifically about the potential applications of the doctrine of double effect in end-of-life decision-making, specifically in the context of Vacco v. Quill and voluntary euthanasia.

The grave of Very Rev John Cook, St Andrews Cathedral Churchyard He was Professor of Humanity at St Andrews University from 1769 to 1773 and Professor of Moral Philosophy 1773 to 1814. In 1816 he succeeded Very Rev Lewis Gordon as Moderator and he in turn was succeeded by Gavin Gibb in 1817. His artistic works are commonly rear view portraits of St Andrews characters. He died in St Andrews and is buried in the churchyard of St Andrews Cathedral just west of St Rules Tower.

The categorical imperative () is the central philosophical concept in the deontological moral philosophy of Immanuel Kant. Introduced in Kant's 1785 Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals, it may be defined as a way of evaluating motivations for action. According to Kant, sentient beings occupy a special place in creation, and morality can be summed up in an imperative, or ultimate commandment of reason, from which all duties and obligations derive. He defines an imperative as any proposition declaring a certain action (or inaction) to be necessary.

The infighting continued in a complex fashion in 1829 and 1830, around the Academical Institution. There Cooke criticised the appointment of John Ferrie as successor to John Young in the ethics chair. It meant that Cooke had failed to see his own candidate, Carlile, elected; but the rejection of Carlile as candidate for the moral philosophy chair also alienated the moderate party from the Arians. William Cairns of the Institution, himself orthodox, had been close to Young, and a critic of Cooke's line on the Institution.

Over time, Law assumed a prominent role in the city's social, political, and economic life, becoming known as an energetic, if somewhat eccentric, promoter of his adopted country. He published poetry, and moral philosophy. He helped found the first theater in the nation's capital, a dancing society, and a learned society called the Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences. After the War of 1812, in which Washington had suffered burning by the British, Law led an effort to retain the national capital there.

On returning to Italy in 1908, he met Benito Mussolini in Como. He then concentrated on his philosophical studies, writing Il genio etico ed altri saggi and La trascendenza un neoidealismo trascendente, influenced by the thinking of the American philosopher Josiah Royce. He was also elected to the municipal and provincial council of Verona. In 1911 he worked as a lecturer in moral philosophy at Bologna, but soon moved to Ferrara where he taught for two years (1913-1914), and then to Florence (1914-1916).

89 Wollaston's idea that science and math could define a morality based on nature predated the scientific morality of Scottish innate or commonsense moral philosophy. Wollaston also held that a person is happy when the sum total of pleasure exceeds pains, anticipating Utilitarianism. Proponents of later schools of philosophy later criticised and sometimes even ridiculed Wollaston, including Francis Hutcheson, David Hume, Richard Price, and Jeremy Bentham.Becker Lawrence, and Becker, Charlotte, Encyclopedia of Ethics, Charlotte B. Becker, Volume 3, , 9780415936729, Taylor & Francis US, 2001, p.

During her time at St Andrews she was active in the Women's liberation movement and she held strong feminist views for the rest of her life. In 1976, she became the second student ever, and the first female student, to seek nomination for the Rectorship of the University - she was however unexpectedly disqualified for submitting her nomination seven minutes late. Her disqualification was upheld despite all other candidates offering to stand down in favour of a new deadline. She graduated MA (Hons) Moral Philosophy in 1977.

In addition to his studies, he continued to supervise the garden, and served as a tutor in Latin and mathematics as well as prefect over the other students. At that time, the president of Mount St. Mary's was the brilliant Simon Bruté, who also lectured on Sacred Scripture and taught Theology and Moral Philosophy. (Bruté would later become the first bishop of the Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana.) Hughes would on numerous occasions consult with his former teacher for advice long after he had left Emmitsburg.

Elizabeth and Louisa Garrett Anderson and Alfred Caldecott on the day they went to see the Prime Minister After gaining his degree, Caldecott was elected to a Fellowship at St John's. He then took Holy Orders and became rector of North and South Topham in Norfolk from 1895-98. He joined King's College London in 1891 first as Chair of Logic and Mental Philosophy, then later as Chair of Mental and Moral Philosophy. He developed a syllabus with a renewed emphasis on theological issues.

John Gladstone decided that Robertson, entirely at his own concurrence, should become a merchant, first as his assistant, and then as partner.Jenkins, Gladstone, pp.9-10 In September 1821, sixteen-year-old Robertson was sent to attend Glasgow College, where his cousin Steuart Gladstone studied before becoming an intelligent merchant-businessman. John Gladstone's sister, Mary, and her husband, Dr John Nimmo, lived in Glasgow, and Robertson boarded there with his aunt and uncle while he studied mathematics, moral philosophy and natural philosophy at the university.

The Moral Sciences (now Philosophy) Tripos was founded in 1861 at a time of rapid educational reform. Moral Sciences was interdisciplinary and included five subjects: moral philosophy, political economy, modern history, general jurisprudence and English law. In 1885, a small moral sciences (or moral science) library was created in one of the Literary lecture rooms in the Divinity School opposite St John's. Cambridge, Saint John's street 03 This was created by Alfred Marshall and Henry Sidgwick largely through the donation of their own books for student use.

Fraser was born in July 1948. He was brought up in Inverinate, near Kyle of Lochalsh, he was educated at Plockton High School in Ross-shire under the reign of Sorley Maclean, the famous Gaelic poet. Fraser studied at the University of Edinburgh and graduated in 1971 with a MA honours summa cum laude in mental philosophy, having also been a class medallist in moral philosophy and metaphysics. During his working life, he also completed a master's degree in education and a further education teaching qualification.

Wang's metaphysical ideas led him to a naturalist moral philosophy (which brought him a lot of popularity in modern China). It was that there are no values in nature; virtues and values are assigned to objects and actions by human beings. In particular, human desires are not inherently evil; they're not only unavoidable, being an essential part of our nature, but can be beneficial — the moral nature of human beings being grounded in our feelings for others. It's only lack of moderation that leads to problems.

Williams did not produce any ethical theory or system; several commentators noted, unfairly in the view of his supporters, that he was largely a critic. Moore writes that Williams was unaffected by this criticism: "He simply refused to allow philosophical system-building to eclipse the subtlety and variety of human ethical experience." He equated ethical theories with "a tidiness, a systematicity, and an economy of ideas," writes Moore, that were not up to describing human lives and motives. Williams tried not to lose touch "with the real concerns that animate our ordinary ethical experience," unlike much of the "arid, ahistorical, second-order" debates about ethics in philosophy departments.Larissa MacFarquhar, "How to be good", The New Yorker, 5 September 2011 (archived). In his first book, Morality: An Introduction to Ethics (1972), Williams wrote that whereas "most moral philosophy at most times has been empty and boring ... [c]ontemporary moral philosophy has found an original way of being boring, which is by not discussing moral issues at all."Williams, Morality, 1972, xvii.Onora Nell, "Review: Morality: An Introduction to Ethics by Bernard Williams," The Journal of Philosophy 72(12), 1975, 334–339.

During its early decades the college was divided into two departments: the "academical" and the "collegiate." Students in the academical department were required to take Latin, mathematics, geography, spelling, writing and history during their first year, with Greek and English composition added in the second. Students in the collegiate department were to take courses in Latin, Greek and mathematics during the first three years, and chemistry, geology, political and moral philosophy, astronomy, "evidences of Christianity," and criticism during their senior year. Electives included French, German, drawing and painting, music, and needlework and embroidery.

Greene ties the two processes to two existing classes of ethical theories in moral philosophy. He argues that the existing tension between deontological theories of ethics that focus on "right action" and utilitarian theories that focus on "best results" can be explained by the dual-process organisation of the human mind. Ethical decisions that fall under 'right action' correspond to automatic-emotional (system 1) processing, whereas 'best results' correspond to conscious-controlled reasoning (system 2). One illustration of this tension are intuitions about trolley-cases that differ across the dimension of personal force.

Arthur was appointed assistant professor in moral philosophy through the influence of Dr. Thomas Reid, who was obliged to give up his full professorial duties on account of increasing years. This took place in May 1780, and Arthur taught the class for fifteen years in return for part of the salary. On the death of Reid, he was elected full professor, but held the office only for one session, dying on 14 June 1797. He never married, and died worth a considerable sum of money, which he left to his brothers and sisters.

He was born in Wrawby in Lincolnshire on 9 November 1850 the only son of Rev Thomas Nicholson, minister of Banbury, and his wife, Mary Anne Grant. He was educated at Lewisham School in London. Nicholson studied Logic and Metaphysics at King's College London and the University of Edinburgh, then studied Moral Philosophy at Cambridge, and Heidelberg. He was a private tutor at Cambridge from 1876 to 1880 coming to fame in 1877 when he won the Cambridge Cobden Club prize for his essay "The Effects of Machinery on Wages".

Ethics is the branch of philosophy that examines right and wrong moral behavior, moral concepts (such as justice, virtue, duty) and moral language. Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that "involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior". The field of ethics, along with aesthetics, concerns matters of value, and thus comprises the branch of philosophy called axiology. Various ethical theories pose various answers to the question "What is the greatest good?" and elaborate a complete set of proper behaviors for individuals and groups.

The book's subject-matter is chiefly the astronomy, or the scientific cosmology, which eventually serves as a basis for metaphysical speculations. Outside the borders of the Principality, later Kingdom, of Romania, we can notice the activity of Vasile Lucaciu (1852–1922), from Maramures, a northern part of Transylvania. Of Greek-catholic confession, he studied at Rome where he obtained his doctorate in theology and philosophy. He is the author of a Thomist philosophical system, Institutions of Philosophy, published between 1881 and 1884 in three volumes: Logic (1881), Metaphysics (1882), and Moral Philosophy (1884).

Three years later he moved to London, and for two years was employed in the East India department of Smith, Elder and Co. Returning to Scotland in poor health, he worked for Messrs. Grieve and Oliver, Edinburgh hatters, and in his leisure in 1860–1 attended classes at the university in metaphysics, logic, and moral philosophy. He became a double prizeman in rhetoric, and received from Professor William Edmondstoune Aytoun a special certificate of distinction; but he did not graduate. At Edinburgh Japp associated with young artists, including John Pettie and his friends.

What Aristotle actually said was slightly different: "Hence a young man is not a proper hearer of lectures on political science; [...] and further since he tends to follow his passions his study will be vain and unprofitable [...]."Ross, W.D. (translator), Aristotle: Nichomachean Ethics, Book 1, iii (Clarendon Press, 1908). The translation "political science" is given by Griffith, Tom (ed.): Aristotle: The Nichomachean Ethics (Wordsworth Editions: 1996), p. 5. The added coincidence of heat and passion and the replacement of "political science" with "moral philosophy" is employed by both Shakespeare and Bacon.

Carrying on the same method into the area of moral philosophy, Green argued that ethics applies to the conditions of social life—that investigation into human nature which metaphysics began. The faculty employed in this further investigation is no "separate moral faculty", but that same reason which is the source of all our knowledge – ethical and other. Self- reflection gradually reveals to us human capacity, human function, with, consequently, human responsibility. It brings out into clear consciousness certain potentialities in the realisation of which human's true good must consist.

Cooper was educated at The Queen's College, Oxford where he later served as chaplain. Ordained as a priest in the Church of England in 1761, he attracted the influence of several high clergymen, including Thomas Secker, Archbishop of Canterbury, who recommended him for service in the American colonies. Cooper was thereby sent to New York in 1762 to assist Samuel Johnson, president of King's College, which was an Anglican establishment. Cooper was appointed professor of mental and moral philosophy, and a year later he had assumed the college presidency.

While Strong was Chancellor, he helped contribute to the establishment of Berkeley's Department of Computer Science. He resigned in March 1965, in large part due to his actions during the Free Speech Movement, which was beginning at that time. After his resignation as Chancellor, Strong was appointed to the Mills Professorship of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy and Civil Polity, where he taught until 1967, when he retired. Besides for his academic work, Strong was once president of the American Philosophical Association, and was the primary founder of the Journal of the History of the Philosophy.

Charles Coffin Jewett graduated from Salem Latin School in 1831. He enrolled at Dartmouth College in Rhode Island, but then shortly thereafter he transferred to Brown University where he studied a classical course load of Greek, Latin, logic mathematics, and moral philosophy; however, Jewett showed the greatest interest in languages. Jewett had a tremendous love for books but he was lacking personal fortune so this made him an avid library user. Unfortunately for him, Jewett found the library at Brown rather lacking with its collection of only 6000 volumes.

It is a great pity that this is just one of a multi-volume work, all of the rest have as yet not been discovered. The work opens with a preface and proceeds with thirty-three ‘lessons’ (lezioni) organised in four sections, of which the first serves as a general introduction. The other sections deal successively with general metaphysics, special metaphysics, and moral philosophy Debono insists on the central importance which concepts should have within the framework of ‘erudite philosophy’, and hence within the methods used to have understanding and acquire sure knowledge.

These treatises won him a position among independent thinkers. Bain was also Examiner in Logic and Moral Philosophy from 1857–1862 and 1864–1869 for the University of London and also an instructor in moral science for the Indian Civil Service examinations. In 1860 he was appointed by the British Crown to the inaugural Regius Chair of Logic and the Regius Chair of English Literature at the University of Aberdeen, which was newly formed after the amalgamation of King's College, Aberdeen and Marischal College by the Scottish Universities Commission of 1858.

In spite of senate and theological opposition, he obtained permission from the Prussian minister Karl Abraham von Zedlitz to lecture on subjects other than theology. He would lecture in the morning on moral philosophy and then retire for the afternoon to his public house, which was largely patronized by students. He repudiated his wife and lived with his mistress and their daughters. Compelled to write to earn additional income, he developed an astounding literary activity, although most of his works are now considered comparatively worthless or even a caricature of Enlightenment rationalism.

There are seven chapters within the Mencius, each divided into two halves. The book’s narrative depicts its characters’ extensive dialogues on specific philosophical arguments, alongside Mencius’s own reflections upon them in the form of short sentences. Most of the chapters that explores Mencius’ moral philosophy, are structured in the form of a conversation between Mencius and other philosophical thinkers. While chapters that offer Mencius’ political advice and counsel are depicted as conversations with various rulers and himself. The book explores Mencius’ most famous idea, in that there exists an intrinsic human nature that is good.

He addressed his first book of Epistles to a variety of friends and acquaintances in an urbane style reflecting his new social status as a knight. In the opening poem, he professed a deeper interest in moral philosophy than poetryEpistles 1.1.10 but, though the collection demonstrates a leaning towards stoic theory, it reveals no sustained thinking about ethics.V. Kiernan, Horace: Poetics and Politics, 149, 153 Maecenas was still the dominant confidante but Horace had now begun to assert his own independence, suavely declining constant invitations to attend his patron.

He was the son of Matthew Stewart (1715–1785), professor of mathematics at the University of Edinburgh (1747–1772), and was born in his father's quarters at Old College. His mother was Marjory Stewart, his father's cousin. He was educated at the High School and the University of Edinburgh, where he studied mathematics and moral philosophy under Adam Ferguson. In 1771, in the hope of gaining a Snell Exhibition Scholarship and proceeding to Oxford to study for the English Church, he went to the University of Glasgow to attend the classes of Thomas Reid.

113 In 1831, Tahtawi returned home to be part of the statewide effort to modernize the Egyptian infrastructure and education. He undertook a career in writing and translation, and founded the School of Languages (also knowns as School of Translators) in 1835, which become part of Ain Shams University in 1973.Faculty of Al-Alsun: Historical background The School of Languages graduated the earliest modern Egyptian intellectual milieu, which formed the basis of the emerging grassroots mobilization against British colonialism in Egypt. Three of his published volumes were works of political and moral philosophy.

Instead, people should be drawn to God through love rather than fear. Moisiodax's translation of Muratori's work entitled, Moral Philosophy served as the foundation for his argument that, out of moral necessity, "sound philosophy" needed to be integrated into the Greek education system. In this way, Greek society could progress through intellectual growth rather than through the propagation of religious superstition. Moisiodax and other Greek Orthodox clerics continued to argue against the teaching of religious superstition by bringing modern theories on education created during the Enlightenment into the context of the Greek Orthodox Church.

Given this environment of collaboration among institutions and classes of society, it is worth considering the relationship between music and Renaissance humanism, one of the primary intellectual strands active in Quattrocento Florence. Humanism arose as a literary movement in Italy during the late 13th century and flowered in the 15th, particularly in the city of Florence. Humanists were initially identified as professors or students of the studia humanitatis, the curriculum of core subjects that formed the foundation of the humanists' education; these included grammar (i.e. Latin), rhetoric, poetry, history, and moral philosophy.

He also played tennis for Oxford against Cambridge. On leaving Oxford he spent a brief period working for a firm of solicitors in London, before returning to Oxford where he spent the rest of his life, first as Fellow of Hertford College (1895–98) and then of Trinity College (1898–1924). He took early retirement from Trinity in 1924 on grounds of ill health, but recovered and was elected White's Professor of Moral Philosophy in 1928 and became a fellow of Corpus Christi College. He retired in 1937.

The growth and specialization of certain elements of philosophy in Europe, in time lead to their establishment as new disciplines, separate from philosophy. Natural philosophy became the study of physics, moral philosophy evolved into sociology and anthropology and psychology became a branch of study free of the influence of philosophy. These developments were reflected in Canada during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The first full professorships in physics as distinct from natural philosophy were established at Dalhousie, Halifax, in 1879, Toronto, 1887 and McGill, in Montreal in 1890.

Honours programmes in sociology were established at McGill in 1926 and at the University of Toronto in 1932. Anthropology evolved from a long history of interest in Canada's native peoples on the part of Jesuit missionaries, explorers and university professors including Sir Daniel Wilson at the University of Toronto and Sir John William Dawson at McGill and the inspiration provided by moral philosophy. Professional anthropology got its start in Canada in 1910 when Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier established the Division of Anthropology as a part of the Geological Survey of Canada.

Nietzsche, atheistFriedrich Nietzsche based his work on ethics on the rejection of Christianity and authority in general, or on moral nihilism. Nietzsche's many works spoke of a Master-Slave Morality, The Will to Power, or something stronger that overcomes the weaker and Darwinistic adaptation and will to live. Nietzsche expressed his moral philosophy throughout his collection of works; the most important of these to secular ethics being The Gay Science (in which the famous God is dead phrase was first used), Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Beyond Good and Evil and On The Genealogy of Morals.

The son of Alexander Richmond Holladay (1811–1877), a lawyer and former U. S. Representative, by his marriage to Patsy Quarles Poindexter,Bruce Harrison, The Family Forest Descendants of Lady Joan Beaufort, p. 1868 Holladay was born in Cherry Grove, Virginia. He was educated, like his father, at the University of Virginia (1857–1859) and then at the University of Berlin (1859–1861) where he specialized in Latin, Greek, moral philosophy, and law. While at Charlottesville, he was a member of the Beta Theta Pi fraternity.The Beta Theta Pi: Volume 23 (1895), p.

Selecting a moral philosophy was thus a fundamentally important consideration when founding a college. In 1752, at Franklin's urging, Johnson revised his philosophy textbook again to create a philosophy suitable for the proposed new-model colleges. Franklin took the unusual step (for him) of self-funding the domestic printing of Elementa Philosophica (1752). Dr. Samuel Johnson, along with Dr. Benjamin Franklin and Dr. William Smith, had together created what President James Madison of the College of William and Mary called a "new-model"Smith, Horace Wemyss, The Life and Correspondence of the Rev.

He has published widely on Romantic criticism and poetry, and on eighteenth-century politics and moral philosophy. His book Politics by Other Means concerns the role of critical thinking and tradition in higher education, and defends the practice of liberal education against political encroachments from both Left and Right. His essays and reviews have appeared in The New Republic, The New York Review of Books, the London Review of Books, The Times Literary Supplement, and many other U.S. and British journals. He is a frequent contributor of political blog posts on the Huffington Post.

Hasna Begum (born February 24, 1935) is a contemporary Bangladeshi philosopher and feminist and was a professor of philosophy at the University of Dhaka until her retirement in December 2000. She earned her BA (1968) and MA (1969) from the University of Dhaka and her PhD (1978) in moral philosophy from Monash University, where she was the first doctoral advisee of Australian philosopher Peter Singer. The title of her doctoral dissertation was Moore’s Ethics: Theory and Practice. Begum is a prolific author, and translated a number of philosophical classics into Bengali.

In the Victorian era many aspects of life were succumbing to quantification. The theory of utility soon began to be applied to moral-philosophy discussions. The essential idea in utilitarianism is to judge people's decisions by looking at their change in utils and measure whether they are better off. The main forerunner of the utilitarian principles since the end of the 18th century was Jeremy Bentham, who believed utility could be measured by some complex introspective examination and that it should guide the design of social policies and laws.

The Encyclopædia Britannica, in its second edition but particularly in its third edition (1797), attacked the premises of conjectural history from a biblical angle. In the second edition James Tytler opposed the polygenist approach of Kames. The third edition, under the editorship of George Gleig, featured "Savage" as a new topic, and expanded articles "Society" and "Moral philosophy". Cross-referenced to theological and biblical topics, and to articles by David Doig who had answered Kames with Two Letters on the Savage State from 1775/6, these articles in particular argued the orthodox Christian case.

Comensoli entered St Patrick's Seminary in 1986 and obtained a Bachelor of Theology degree in 1989 and a Bachelor of Sacred Theology degree in 1991 from the Catholic Institute of Sydney. He was ordained a priest of the Diocese of Wollongong in 1992 by William Edward Murray. Comensoli obtained a Licentiate in Sacred Theology from the Alphonsian Academy in Rome in 2000, a Master of Letters degree in moral philosophy from the University of St Andrews in 2007 and a Doctor of Philosophy degree in theological ethics from the University of Edinburgh in 2010.

He graduated from St. Andrews University where he had been Chairman of the St. Andrews University Labour Club with an MA in Medieval History and Moral Philosophy in 1976, and the University of Edinburgh with an LLB in Law in 1992. He served as a Labour Councillor on the City of Edinburgh District Council from 1980 to 1996, and was Leader of the Council from 1986 to 1993. From 1999 to 2001 he was a member of the unitary City of Edinburgh Council, serving as Executive Member for Transport.

Steeped in Scottish moral philosophy, he believed that the development of character was the central purpose of a true university. He did his part to mold character each Wednesday when he preached sermons to the student body in chapel, and he was staunch in his opposition to dormitories, claiming they were "injurious to both morals and manners." In the early days, the closest thing to campus radicals were the law students. In fact, the law students provided the first challenge to the chancellor over the concept of an open forum.

Acton also endorsed a version of negative utilitarianism, according to which the reduction of suffering has unique moral importance.Acton, Henry Burrows, “Negative Utilitarianism,” with John William Nevill Watkins, Aristotelian Society Supplementary, 1963, Volume 37:1, pp. 83-114. He had teaching positions at the London School of Economics, Bedford College, the University of Edinburgh where he occupied the Chair of Moral Philosophy, and the University of Chicago. He was editor of Philosophy, the journal of the Royal Institute of Philosophy, of which he was for a time Director.

Representative figures of the 17th century include David Hartley, Hugo Grotius, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Samuel von Putendorf. Thomas Hobbes argued that deductive reasoning from axioms created a scientific framework, and hence his Leviathan was a scientific description of a political commonwealth. In the 18th century, social science was called moral philosophy, as contrasted from natural philosophy and mathematics, and included the study of natural theology, natural ethics, natural jurisprudence, and policy ("police"), which included economics and finance ("revenue"). Pure philosophy, logic, literature, and history were outside these two categories.

He returned in 1665 to Zürich, where he was elected professor of moral philosophy. Two years later he succeeded Johann Heinrich Hottinger in the chair of theology, which he occupied until his death, having declined an invitation in 1669 to succeed Cocceius at Leiden, as well as a call to Groningen. Heidegger was the principal author of the Formula Consensus Helvetica in 1675, which was designed to unite the Swiss Reformed churches, but had an opposite effect. Wilhelm Gass describes him as the most notable of the Swiss theologians of the time.

His thesis was titled The Psychology of Alcoholism which was published, in revised form, in 1907. He was appointed professor of moral philosophy, but returned to Wolfville in 1910 to accept a position as president of the university. For more than a decade at Acadia, he actively supported the university’s sporting programs and opened the Memorial Gym in 1920, a facility which continues to function today.Acadia University: "George Barton Cutten" At the onset of the First World War, Cutten took time off to recruit for the war effort.

Moral Philosophy – The Discovery of Ethics : Socrates Jacques Maritain Center Accessed 24 November 2017Peter Singer (1985) – Encyclopædia Britannica Chicago, 1985, pp. 627–648 Accessed 24 November 2017Anne Rooney – The Story of Philosophy: From Ancient Greeks to Great Thinkers of Modern Times (search page) Arcturus Publishing, 2014 Accessed 24 November 2017 An enigmatic figure, he authored no texts, and is known chiefly through the accounts of classical writers composing after his lifetime, particularly his students Plato and Xenophon. Other sources include the contemporaneous Antisthenes, Aristippus, and Aeschines of Sphettos.

George Holmes Howison (29 November 1834 – 31 December 1916) was an American philosopher who established the philosophy department at the University of California, Berkeley and held the position there of Mills Professor of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy and Civil Polity. He also founded the Philosophical Union, one of the oldest philosophical organizations in the United States. Howison's philosophy is set forth almost entirely in his volume entitled The Limits of Evolution, and other essays, illustrating the metaphysical theory of personal idealism (19011st edition, Table of Contents, 2nd ed.: 19052nd edition, Title Essay, Page #1).

"The idea of having a school of nigger girls so near him was insupportable." The school opened in November, 1831, and in 1831–1832 "enjoyed the complete support of the community" and was soon a success. "The cordiality and friendliness of her reception were gratefully acknowledged by Miss Crandall, her relations with pupils and patrons were most agreeable and harmonious, and it seemed likely that this much-needed institution would become permanently established." Subjects taught included reading, writing, arithmetic, English grammar, geography, history, chemistry, astronomy, and moral philosophy.

This is a continuation of the problem of evil as human free will is used to respond to the problem of evil but creates another contradiction with divine foreknowledge. In the High Middle Ages, a Scottish philosopher, John Duns Scotus (1265-1308) made significant impressions on the areas of natural theology, metaphysics, the theory of knowledge, ethics and moral philosophy. Natural Theology is the effort to establish the existence and nature of God through argument. Scotus’s stance on natural theology is that human beings can come to know God in ways apart from revelation.

12 Although Asquith admired Jowett, he was more influenced by T. H. Green, White's Professor of Moral Philosophy. The abstract side of philosophy did not greatly attract Asquith, whose outlook was always practical, but Green's progressive liberal political views appealed to him.Matthew, H. C. G. "Asquith, Herbert Henry, first earl of Oxford and Asquith (1852–1928)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004. Retrieved 6 June 2015 Early press mention of Asquith, 1869 Asquith's university career was distinguished—"striking without being sensational" in the words of his biographer, Roy Jenkins.

In a January 2011 article published in L'Osservatore Romano, Ettore Gotti Tedeschi, the Vatican bank chief, cited the work in his warnings about economic policies of both United States and European governments thus endorsing Hunter Lewis's moral philosophy arguments regarding sustainability and social justice. Belgian Economist Paul De Grauwe gave the book an unfavorable review, describing it as a "collection of bullet point presentations" that presented "no more than a caricature of Keynes' view" and argued that "Keynes is the great devil because he has legitimized so much of post-war government policies".

In 'A Treatise of Human Nature' (1739), David Hume discusses the problems in grounding normative statements in positive statements, that is, in deriving ought from is. It is generally regarded that Hume considered such derivations untenable, and his 'is–ought' problem is considered a principal question of moral philosophy. Hume shared a political viewpoint with early Enlightenment philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) and John Locke (1632–1704). Specifically, Hume, at least to some extent, argued that religious and national hostilities that divided European society were based on unfounded beliefs.

Although Zhang was intellectually silenced after the 1940s, he had been an extraordinarily active writer until that time. Many of his works from that period still survive, testifying to Zhang's importance as one of the most penetrating and innovative Chinese thinkers of the 20th Century. His most important philosophical works include Science and Philosophy (), Outlook on Life (), Essays on Philosophy (), Psychoanalysis (), Moral Philosophy (), Philosophy (), Modern Ethics (), Modern Philosophy (), Value Philosophy (), Epistemology (), A new Formulation of Pluralistic Epistemology (), What is Philosophy (), Knowledge and Culture (), Thought and Society () and Rationality and Democracy ().

He is the author of several books, including Growing Moral Relations (2012), Human Being @ Risk (2013), Environmental Skill (2015), Money Machines (2015), New Romantic Cyborgs (2017), Moved by Machines (2019), the textbook Introduction to Philosophy of Technology (2019), and AI Ethics (2020). He has written many articles and is an expert in ethics of artificial intelligence. He is best known for his work in philosophy of technology and ethics of robotics and artificial intelligence (AI), he has also published in the areas of moral philosophy and environmental philosophy.

A recent study considered Birks and Maurice to have "significant parallels": As pastor at Cambridge, Birks gave religious instruction to the undergraduates, to older members of the university, and also to the residents in the town. In the year of his appointment he published his Scripture Doctrine of Creation and The Philosophy of Human Responsibility. His inaugural lecture as professor of moral philosophy was on The Present Importance of Moral Science(1872). In 1873 Birks published his First Principles of Moral Science which was a course of lectures delivered during his professorship.

Her Higher Certificate followed in 1926 (English Literature and History, Latin, French and Art). Frank was a student at the University of Glasgow in 1926–27, 1928–29 and 1929–30, taking courses in Latin, English, French, Moral Philosophy and Botany, living at home during her periods of study. In the session 1927–28 she attended Skerry's College, studying German, where she was assessed as 'having a rare talent for languages'. Although she had to negotiate several re-sits, she graduated Master of Arts on 8 November 1930.

His interests did not fit in with those then prevailing at Oxford and so he moved to St Andrews University as Professor of Moral Philosophy in 1936, serving also as deputy principal and head of department. He was thus the natural choice as acting principal in 1952 on the death of James Irvine, and was confirmed in position in 1953. Knox was widely known to philosophers for his translations and commentary of the works of Hegel and for editing the works of R.G. Collingwood. His scholarship was recognised with the award of an Hon.

In the 20th century some Christian philosophers, notably Dietrich Bonhoeffer, questioned the value of ethical reasoning in moral philosophy. In this school of thought, ethics, with its focus on distinguishing right from wrong, tends to produce behavior that is simply not wrong, whereas the Christian life should instead be marked by the highest form of right. Rather than ethical reasoning, they stress the importance of meditation on, and relationship with, God. Other important Protestant Christian ethicists include H. Richard Niebuhr, John Howard Yoder, Glen Stassen, and Stanley Hauerwas.

Horta completed an undergraduate degree in philosophy at USC in 1999, going on to complete a doctorate in philosophy at the same institution in 2007. His thesis was entitled Un desafío para la bioética: la cuestión del especismo (A Challenge to Bioethics: The Issue of Speciesism). In 2008, he won the Ferrater Mora Prize from the Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics, for his essay on the ethics of Spanish philosopher José Ferrater Mora. From 2005 to 2009, he was a lecturer in the Department of Logic and Moral Philosophy at USC.

Born in Paisley, Scotland to William McKechnie on 2 September 1863, McKechnie studied at the University of Glasgow. He was awarded an MA in philosophy from the University of Glasgow in 1883, having been awarded prizes in logic, moral philosophy and natural philosophy. He completed his LLB in 1887, and a DPhil in 1897, having qualified as a solicitor in 1890. In 1894 he became a lecturer in Constitutional Law and History at Glasgow, and the same year married Elizabeth Cochrane Malloch, daughter of the late John Malloch.

Laurenus Clark Seelye (September 30, 1837 – October 12, 1924), known as L. Clark Seelye, was the first president of Smith College, serving from 1873 to 1910. He graduated from Union College (NY) in 1857 with Phi Beta Kappa honors and membership in The Kappa Alpha Society. Seelye later studied at Andover Theological Seminary and the Universities of Berlin and Heidelberg. After serving as a Congregational Minister in Springfield, Massachusetts, he became Williston Professor of Rhetoric, Oratory and English Literature at Amherst College, where his brother Julius was Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy.

The five exercises of Falun Gong In addition to its moral philosophy, Falun Gong consists of four standing exercises and one sitting meditation. The exercises are regarded as secondary to moral elevation, though is still an essential component of Falun Gong cultivation practice. The first exercises, called "Buddha Stretching a Thousand Arms", are intended to facilitate the free flow of energy through the body and open up the meridians. The second exercise, "Falun Standing Stance", involves holding four static poses—each of which resembles holding a wheel—for an extended period.

He was born at Langenhorn (Schleswig) and educated at the Gymnasium Christianeum, the University of Erlangen, and the University of Berlin. He completed his doctoral thesis under Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg at Berlin in 1871, he habilitated there in 1875, and he became extraordinary professor of philosophy and pedagogy there in 1878. In 1896 he succeeded Eduard Zeller as professor of moral philosophy at Berlin. He was the greatest of the pupils of Gustav Theodor Fechner, to whose doctrine of panpsychism he gave great prominence by his Einleitung in die Philosophie (1892; 7th ed.

33-37 Thus, unlike the other three schools in town (and most other Southern schools), the female academy remained open during the conflict. After the war, aided by William Holmes McGuffey, professor of moral philosophy at the University of Virginia, and brother of teacher Eliza Howard, Baldwin improved the school's curriculum. It came to include rhetoric, composition, higher mathematics, chemistry and physics, as well as topics traditionally taught to well-bred women such as music, visual arts, and elocution. Baldwin wanted it to become a college or even university (as would happen after her death).

Falun Gong, a new religious movement that combines meditation with the moral philosophy articulated by founder Li Hongzhi, first began spreading widely in China in 1992. Li's first lectures outside mainland China took place in Paris in 1995. At the invitation of the Chinese ambassador to France, he lectured on his teachings and practice methods to the embassy staff and others.David Ownby, Falun Gong and the Future of China (2008) Oxford University Press From that time on, Li gave lectures in other major cities in Europe, Asia, Oceania, and North America.

In addition to being the basis for the Formula of Autonomy and the kingdom of ends, autonomy itself plays an important role in Kant's moral philosophy. Autonomy is the capacity to be the legislator of the moral law, in other words, to give the moral law to oneself. Autonomy is opposed to heteronomy, which consists of having one's will determined by forces alien to it. Because alien forces could only determine our actions contingently, Kant believes that autonomy is the only basis for a non-contingent moral law.

In the preface to the Groundwork, motivating the need for pure moral philosophy, Kant makes some preliminary remarks to situate his project and explain his method of investigation. Kant opens the preface with an affirmation of the Ancient Greek idea of a threefold division of philosophy into logic, physics, and ethics. Logic is purely formal—it deals only with the form of thought itself, not with any particular objects. Physics and ethics, on the other hand, deal with particular objects: physics is concerned with the laws of nature, ethics with the laws of freedom.

Some use the term "ethical intuitionism" in moral philosophy to refer to the general position that we have some non-inferential moral knowledge (see Sinnott-Armstrong, 2006a and 2006b)—that is, basic moral knowledge that is not inferred from or based on any proposition. However, it is important to distinguish between empiricist versus rationalist models of this. Some, thus, reserve the term "ethical intuitionism" for the rationalist model and the term "moral sense theory" for the empiricist model (see Sinnott-Armstrong, 2006b, pp. 184–186, especially fn. 4).

This work, of which he is credited with the authorship of two volumes, was originally called the Collegium Complutense philosophicum (Philosophical Writings of the Complutense College)Alcalá, 1624; other editions Frankfurt, 1629; Lyons, 1637, 1651, 1668 was highly esteemed by Thomists. The work was at first a treatise on logic; but in the course of time, metaphysics and moral philosophy were added, and the work served as an introduction to the Curso Dogmático Salmanticense (Theological Curriculum of Salamanca), the first three volumes of which are also attributed to Anthony.

As a field of intellectual inquiry, moral philosophy also is related to the fields of moral psychology, descriptive ethics, and value theory. Three major areas of study within ethics recognized today are: # Meta-ethics, concerning the theoretical meaning and reference of moral propositions, and how their truth values (if any) can be determined # Normative ethics, concerning the practical means of determining a moral course of action # Applied ethics, concerning what a person is obligated (or permitted) to do in a specific situation or a particular domain of action.

Irving Kristol posits that one reason that those who are "experiencing a Christian impulse, an impulse toward the imitatio Christi, would lean toward socialism ... is the attitude of Christianity toward the poor. " Arnold Toynbee characterized Communist ideology as a "Christian heresy" in the sense that it focused on a few elements of the faith to the exclusion of the others. Donald Treadgold interprets Toynbee's characterization as applying to Christian attitudes as opposed to Christian doctrines. In his book, "Moral Philosophy", Jacques Maritain echoed Toynbee's perspective, characterizing the teachings of Karl Marx as a "Christian heresy".

"Don Quixote" by Miguel de Cervantes, translated and annotated by Edith Grossman, p. 272 Another important source appears to have been Apuleius's The Golden Ass, one of the earliest known novels, a picaresque from late classical antiquity. The wineskins episode near the end of the interpolated tale "The Curious Impertinent" in chapter 35 of the first part of Don Quixote is a clear reference to Apuleius, and recent scholarship suggests that the moral philosophy and the basic trajectory of Apuleius's novel are fundamental to Cervantes' program.See chapter 2 of E. C. Graf's Cervantes and Modernity.

After the regular theological course at the seminary of Namur, he entered the Catholic University of Leuven (French: Louvain), where he applied himself especially to the study of Oriental languages, Holy Scripture, and philosophy. In 1848, he was appointed to the chair of moral philosophy at the university, and, the same year, received the doctorate in theology. Two years later he became president of the Collège du Pape. Upon the death of Pierre François Xavier de Ram, the bishops of Belgium chose Laforêt to succeed him in the rectorship of the university.

David P. Gushee has been the Distinguished University Professor of Christian Ethics and Director of the Center for Faith and Public Life at Mercer UniversityDavid P. Gushee, The Future of Faith in American Politics: The Public Witness of the Evangelical Center, Baylor University Press, 2008. since 2007. He was formerly the Graves Professor of Moral Philosophy and the Senior Fellow of the Carl F. H. Henry Center for Christian Leadership at Union University in Jackson, Tennessee. Gushee was elected in 2015 Vice President and 2018 Vice President of the American Academy of Religion.

Robertson, Alan. 1977. "Conrad Hal Waddington. 8 November 1905 – 26 September 1975." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 23, 575-622. Pg 577. In 1928, he was awarded an Arnold Gerstenberg Studentship in the University of Cambridge, whose purpose was to promote "the study of Moral Philosophy and Metaphysics among students of Natural Science, both men and women."Supplement, Historical Register of the University of Cambridge, 1921-30, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1932, p. 63. He took up a Lecturership in Zoology and was a Fellow of Christ's College until 1942.

He was also director of the Institute for Philosophy and Public Policy, both located at the University of Maryland. He has written on questions of political and moral philosophy, U.S. politics and public policy, having produced eight books and more than one hundred articles. His most recent book is Public Matters: Politics, Policy, and Religion in the 21st Century (Rowman & Littlefield, 2005). Galston is also a co-author of Democracy at Risk: How Political Choices Undermine Citizen Participation and What We Can Do About It, published by the Brookings Press.

The word "humanities" is derived from the Renaissance Latin expression studia humanitatis, or "study of humanitas" (a classical Latin word meaning—in addition to "humanity"—"culture, refinement, education" and, specifically, an "education befitting a cultivated man"). In its usage in the early 15th century, the studia humanitatis was a course of studies that consisted of grammar, poetry, rhetoric, history, and moral philosophy, primarily derived from the study of Latin and Greek classics. The word humanitas also gave rise to the Renaissance Italian neologism umanisti, whence "humanist", "Renaissance humanism"."humanism." Encyclopædia Britannica.

Johnston was the son of David Johnston, a grocer, and his wife, Mary Blackwood. He was born in Kirkintilloch in 1881 and educated at Kirkintilloch Board School then at Lenzie Academy. Studying Moral Philosophy and Political Economy at the University of Glasgow, he failed to graduate, but helped launch the left-wing journal, Forward, in 1906, and in the same city later became associated with the 'Red Clydesiders', a socialist grouping that included James Maxton and Manny Shinwell. In 1909 he published a book, Our Scots Noble Families, which aimed to discredit the landed aristocracy.

The Philosopher's Dog was shortlisted for the New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards, 2003 and The Age Book of the Year, 2003. It was nominated by the Kansas City Star as one of the ten best books of 2005. In 2009, the University of Antwerp awarded Gaita the degree of Doctor Honoris Causa "for his exceptional contribution to contemporary moral philosophy and for his singular contribution the role of the intellectual in today's academic world". In 2011, Routledge published Christopher Cordner (ed.) Philosophy, Ethics, and a Common Humanity: Essays in Honour of Raimond Gaita.

After the war, in 1951, he was appointed to the chair of Moral Philosophy at the Sorbonne (Paris I after 1971), where he taught until 1978. The extreme subtlety of his thought is apparent throughout his works where the very slightest gradations are assigned great importance. Jankélévitch, who drew on Platonist, Neoplatonist and Greek Patristic sources in establishing his essentially agnostic thought, was resolute in his opposition to German philosophical influence. He stated that "Forgiveness died in the death camps", and it was not possible for the perpetrators of Nazi crimes to be forgiven.

Lindsay married Anna Dunlop. The Glasgow Association for the Higher Education of Women was started at the suggestion of Mrs Jean Campbell in 1868. Anna Lindsay was one of its founders. Lindsay's name was said to be synonymous with the women's movement in Scotland.K. D. Reynolds, ‘Lindsay, Anna (1845–1903)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 14 Oct 2017 Their children included Alexander Lindsay, 1st Baron Lindsay of Birker, Professor of Moral Philosophy in the University of Glasgow, Master of Balliol College, and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford.

Holstein, p. 7. The monastery was sacked and destroyed during the Thirty Years' War.Holstein, pp. 7-8. The school was re-established in 1660 with 6 pupilsHolstein, p. 10. and although an unsuccessful court case was brought against the abbot in 1665 for excessive disciplining of 3 unruly pupils, starting in 1686 it was enlarged and reorganised as a gymnasium, preparing pupils for university study with a curriculum of religion, mathematics, history, geography, rhetoric, logic, poetry, moral philosophy, ars humaniora and fine arts, and came to be regarded as one of Germany's best schools.

A 1999 poll found that 73% of Canadians believed that Latimer acted out of compassion and should receive a more lenient sentence. The same poll found that 41% believe that mercy killing should be legal. Ethicist Arthur Schafer argued that Latimer was "the only person in Canadian history to spend even a single day in prison for a mercy killing" and that compassion and common sense dictated a reduced sentence and the granting of parole. In the introductory college coursebook, The Elements of Moral Philosophy, James Rachels and Stuart Rachels present Latimer's actions sympathetically.

In January 1556, Pope Paul IV authorized the college to confer academic degrees in theology and philosophy, thereby raising the school to the rank of university. During the following two decades, again because of an increased number of students, the university changed its location twice. A chair in moral philosophy was added, and a chair in Arabic was added to the already existing chairs in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew. With the university now having more than 1000 pupils at this point, Pope Gregory XIII wanted to give it a more suitable headquarters.

Mary Snell was awarded a State Scholarship to study at Saint Felix School, Southwold, Suffolk, where she attained G.C.E. Advanced and Scholarship Level in English, French and German (with Distinction) in 1958. She studied English, French, German, and Moral Philosophy at the University of St Andrews, where she obtained her MA with First Class Honours in German Language and Literature in 1962. The Austrian Ministry of Education granted her a post-graduate research scholarship for research on Austrian drama. which she followed at the University of Vienna, Austria.

Balfour was born in Edinburgh on 18 March 1813. He was son of John Balfour, a merchant of Leith, and his wife Helen, daughter of Thomas Buchanan of Ardoch. He was the great-grandson of James Balfour, professor of moral philosophy at Edinburgh in 1754, and of Robert Whytt, a celebrated medical writer and professor of physiology at Edinburgh. He graduated MD at Edinburgh in 1834; FRS, 1859; Surgeon-General, Honorary Physician to Queen Victoria and compiler of the first four volumes of Statistics of the British Army.

Leopold II of Tuscany abolished the death penalty in Tuscany and reduced censorship. From Naples, Antonio Genovesi (1713–1769) influenced a generation of southern Italian intellectuals and university students. His textbook "Diceosina, o Sia della Filosofia del Giusto e dell'Onesto" (1766) was a controversial attempt to mediate between the history of moral philosophy on the one hand and the specific problems encountered by 18th-century commercial society on the other. It contained the greater part of Genovesi's political, philosophical and economic thought – guidebook for Neapolitan economic and social development.

Many cuspers don't feel a sense of belonging to a specific generation. Researchers studying generational subculture theory have speculated that there may be populations within larger generational cohorts whose values are more in line with those of preceding generations, for example, someone born in the range of Generation X who has a moral philosophy more similar to the Silent Generation. The generational fuzziness theory purposes that one's generation is best defined as the combination of one's birth year and generational identity—the cultural generation to feel most similar to.

Richard Mervyn Hare (; 21 March 1919 – 29 January 2002), usually cited as R. M. Hare, was an English moral philosopher who held the post of White's Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Oxford from 1966 until 1983. He subsequently taught for a number of years at the University of Florida. His meta-ethical theories were influential during the second half of the twentieth century. Hare is best known for his development of prescriptivism as a meta-ethical theory, the analysis of formal features of moral discourse justifying preference utilitarianism.

His magnum opus, Plato: The Man and His Work (1926) and his commentary on the Timaeus (1927) are particularly important contributions to the higher learning of his time. In moral philosophy he explored such issues as free will and the relationship between rightness and goodness. Taylor was greatly influenced by the thought of classical antiquity, by such philosophers as Plato and Aristotle, as well as medieval scholasticism."Taylor, Alfred Edward," Dictionary of Philosophy, revised and enlarged, edited by Dagobert D. Runes, New York, 1983, The Philosophical Library Inc.

In Australia, he became a journalist and contributed to the Warrnambool Examiner, and subsequently edited the weekly newspaper, the Warrnambool Standard, in partnership with a printer and journalist named William Fairfax. His interests remained literary and philosophical throughout. In 1886, he was offered the job of Chair of Mental and Moral Philosophy at Melbourne, having written two articles on philosophy. One, "A Plea for Philosophy", rebutted objections to the study of philosophy including those who were worried that the study of philosophy would "be antagonistic to the Christian faith".

In 1881 he became principal of the Washington Graded School of Raleigh, the largest school in the city. In 1882 he was appointed by the Baptist State Convention of North Carolina as one of the editors of the bodies journal, the Baptist Standard. In 1883 he left the Washington Graded School to become professor of rhetoric and moral philosophy at Shaw, and he returned to edit the Expositor. That year he was also ordained to the ministry and elected clerk of the Baptist State Convention of North Carolina.

There were important centers of humanism at Florence, Naples, Rome, Venice, Mantua, Ferrara, and Urbino. Humanists reacted against this utilitarian approach and the narrow pedantry associated with it. They sought to create a citizenry (frequently including women) able to speak and write with eloquence and clarity and thus capable of engaging the civic life of their communities and persuading others to virtuous and prudent actions. This was to be accomplished through the study of the studia humanitatis, today known as the humanities: grammar, rhetoric, history, poetry and moral philosophy.

Peter Millican Peter Millican (born 1 March 1958) is Gilbert Ryle Fellow and Professor of Philosophy at Hertford College, University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. His primary interests include the philosophy of David Hume, philosophy of religion, philosophy of language, epistemology, and moral philosophy. Millican is particularly well known for his work on David Hume, and from 2005 until 2010 was co-editor of the journal Hume Studies. He is also an International Correspondence Chess Grandmaster, and has a strong interest in the field of computing and its links with Philosophy.

In 1830 he published "Moral Philosophy," the first treatise in the United States to support birth control, and returned to New Harmony in 1834. From 1836 to 1838, and in 1851, Owen served in the Indiana legislature and was also a delegate to the state's constitutional convention of 1850. Owen was an advocate for women's rights, free public education, and opposed slavery. As a member of the U. S. House of Representatives from 1843 to 1847, Owen introduced a bill in 1846 that established the Smithsonian Institution.Wilson, p. 195-197.

John Malcolm MacEachran was born in Glencoe, Ontario in Canada to David and Christina MacEachran. After finishing his primary education in the public school system of Glencoe, he was admitted to Queen's University in Ontario. There, MacEachran obtained an MA in Mental and Moral Philosophy (1902), became the appointed assistant to Professor John Watson, and obtained his first PhD in 1906. Following his apprenticeship, MacEachran traveled to Berlin, Germany, where he worked with the well-known scholars Friedrich Paulsen and Carl Stumpf, further increasing his knowledge of modern psychology, ethics, and the philosophy of education.

In their defence of what Drennan called "the restless power of reason", a new generation of Scottish thinkers had drawn on the republican ethos of Presbyterian resistance to royal and episcopal imposition. In the cases of David Hume (1711-1776), Adam Smith (1723-1790) and Adam Ferguson (1723-1816) they also drew directly upon the work of the Irish Presbyterian Francis Hutcheson (1694-1746). At Glasgow Hutcheson had held the Chair of Moral Philosophy and had led those in the Church of Scotland opposed to the "Old Light" Calvinist doctrines of a fallen humanity. But his influence would also reach Ireland via America.

He protested in 1568 to Lord Burghley that his religious views were needlessly suspected, and wrote a treatise on natural and moral philosophy for his youngest sister, Catharine, wife of Henry Berkeley, 7th Baron Berkeley,tudorplace.com.ar dated from Trinity Hall 6 August 1569; she supported him in some hard times.Somerset, p. 19. It was rumoured that he contemplated taking holy orders in the vague hope of succeeding Thomas Young as Archbishop of York. He came to court about 1570 at a low ebb, but the intrigues of which his brother, the Duke of Norfolk, was suspected at the time further depressed his prospects.

There is a description of a historical environment which inspired the development of Masonry's values, the latter demonstrating that the Russian Freemasonry can be viewed as a national phenomenon in the history of the Russian philosophy. A whole range of theoretical sources created by the Russian Masonry has been for the first time ever introduced to the academic public. Metaphysic background in moral philosophy is outlined; Russian masons’ religious and philosophical ideas and notions defining man's attitude to the world and to the society are specified. Such philosophical notions as free will and attitude to good and evil are discussed.

His article The Experience of Values (reprinted in Revisions: Changing Perspectives in Moral Philosophy by University of Notre Dame Press, 1983) is used in universities throughout the world. His book On Being Free (1977) was issued in a paperback edition in 1978. In this book, Bergmann argues against the standard views of freedom as the lack of external obstacles or as an irrational, unencumbered act that rejects all order. Both of these leave us with nothing substantial for a self at alland thus, he suggests, constitute virtually a reductio ad absurdum of modern ideals of education, society, and the family.

He was the son of John Balguy, and was born at Cox-Close 27 September 1716, educated at the Ripon Free School, and admitted to St John's College, Cambridge in 1734; was B.A. 1737, M.A. 1741, S.T.P. 1758. He was elected to a Platt fellowship at St. John's in March 1741, which he held till 1748. In 1744 he became assistant tutor to his friend William Samuel Powell, tutor and later master of the college, and gave lectures on moral philosophy and the evidences 'for sixteen years.' In 1743 he was deputy public orator, and in 1758 tutor to the Duke of Northumberland.

John Alexander Stewart (19 October 1846 – 27 December 1933) was a Scottish writer, educator and philosopher. He was a university professor and classical lecturer at Christ Church, Oxford from 1875 to 1883, White's Professor of Moral Philosophy at Oxford, and professorial fellow of Corpus Christi College, from 1897 to his retirement in 1927. Throughout his academic career, he was an editor and author of works on Aristotle and considered one of the foremost experts on the subject. His best known books were Notes on the Nicomachean Ethics of Aristotle (1892) and The Myths of Plato (1905).

Born in Geneva in 1821, Amiel was descended from a Huguenot family driven to Switzerland by the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. After losing his parents at an early age, Amiel travelled widely, became intimate with the intellectual leaders of Europe, and made a special study of German philosophy in Berlin. In 1849 he was appointed professor of aesthetics at the academy of Geneva, and in 1854 became professor of moral philosophy. These appointments, conferred by the democratic party, deprived him of the support of the aristocratic party, whose patronage dominated all the culture of the city.

477-484 in JSTOR When the University first opened for classes in the fall of 1888, the curriculum consisted of lectures in mental and moral philosophy, English literature, the Sacred Scriptures, and the various branches of theology. At the end of the second term, lectures on canon law were added and the first students were graduated in 1889. In 1904, an undergraduate program was added and it quickly established a reputation for excellence.The president of the first undergraduate class was Frank Kuntz, whose memoir of that period was published by the University press: Frank Kuntz, Undergraduate Days: 1904–1908 (CUA 1958).

Greenspan graduated from Barnard College, Columbia University summa cum laude with a B.A. in philosophy in 1966. In 1972 she received her Ph.D. from the Harvard University Philosophy Department, receiving the Emily and Charles Carrier Award for the best dissertation in moral philosophy. She then moved to an Assistant Professor position at the University of Chicago, where in 1979 she was awarded tenure and promoted to associate professor in the Department of Philosophy and the college. In 1980 she accepted an offer from the University of Maryland, College Park, where she was promoted to full Professor in 1989.

After the Revolution, Rush proposed a new model of education for elite women that included English language, vocal music, dancing, sciences, bookkeeping, history, and moral philosophy. He was instrumental to the founding of the Young Ladies' Academy of Philadelphia, the first chartered women's institution of higher education in Philadelphia. Rush saw little need for training women in metaphysics, logic, mathematics, or advanced science; rather he wanted the emphasis on guiding women toward moral essays, poetry, history, and religious writings. This type of education for elite women grew dramatically during the post-revolutionary period, as women claimed a role in creating the Republic.

This has brought him into conflict with some proponents of behavioural economics who emphasise the importance of other-regarding or social preferences, and argue that their findings threaten traditional game theory. Binmore's work in political and moral philosophy began in the 1980s when he first applied bargaining theory to John Rawls' original position. His search for the philosophical foundations of the original position took him first to Kant's works, and then to Hume. Hume inspired Binmore to contribute to a naturalistic science of morals that seeks foundations for Rawlsian ideas about fairness norms in biological and social evolution.

Segal was born and raised in The Bronx. His father, a socialist and member of the Jewish Labor Bund, was born in Poland and immigrated to the United States, where he found employment as a factory worker in the garment industry. After graduating from the Bronx High School of Science, Segal went to City College of New York, where he received honors in philosophy and economics, and was awarded the Brittain Prize in Moral Philosophy. Segal went on to receive a PhD from the University of Michigan, and taught in the philosophy department of the University of Pennsylvania.

For Stevenson, moral disagreements may arise from different fundamental attitudes, different moral beliefs about specific cases, or both. The methods of moral argumentation he proposed have been divided into three groups, known as logical, rational psychological and nonrational psychological forms of argumentation.Hudson, Modern Moral Philosophy, 130–31; Wilks, Emotion, 25–26 Logical methods involve efforts to show inconsistencies between a person's fundamental attitudes and their particular moral beliefs. For example, someone who says "Edward is a good person" who has previously said "Edward is a thief" and "No thieves are good people" is guilty of inconsistency until he retracts one of his statements.

His college career and studies was distinguished especially in mental philosophy, mathematics and physics and he graduated with a Master of Arts with Highest Honours. In 1841, Bain substituted for Dr. Glennie the Professor of Moral Philosophy, who, due to ill-health, was unable to discharge his academic duties. He continued to do this three successive terms, during which he continued writing for the Westminster, and also helped John Stuart Mill with the revision of the manuscript of his System of Logic (1842). In 1843 he contributed the first review of the book to the London and Westminster.

No, It's Not Actually the French Revolution: Les Misérables and History. Beginning in 1815 and culminating in the 1832 June Rebellion in Paris, the novel follows the lives and interactions of several characters, particularly the struggles of ex-convict Jean Valjean and his experience of redemption. Examining the nature of law and grace, the novel elaborates upon the history of France, the architecture and urban design of Paris, politics, moral philosophy, antimonarchism, justice, religion, and the types and nature of romantic and familial love. Les Misérables has been popularized through numerous adaptations for film, television and the stage, including a musical.

He was second son of Henry Parkhurst of Guildford, Surrey, by Alice, daughter of James Hills, and belonged to the same family as John Parkhurst, bishop of Norwich. He matriculated as a commoner of Magdalen Hall, Oxford, on 25 February 1581, was elected demy of Magdalen College in 1583, and subsequently fellow in 1588. He graduated B.A. in 1584, M. A. 1590, B.D. 1600, and D.D. 1610. At Magdalen he was engaged as reader in natural philosophy (1591-2) and in moral philosophy (1593 and 1596-7), and acted as bursar in 1602, having been proctor in the university in 1597-8.

Buer, the 10th spirit, who teaches "Moral and Natural Philosophy". Illustration by Louis Breton from Dictionnaire Infernal Buer is a spirit that appears in the 16th-century grimoire Pseudomonarchia Daemonum and its derivatives, where he is described as a Great President of Hell, having fifty legions of demons under his command. He appears when the Sun is in Sagittarius. Like Chiron, the chief centaur of Greek mythology, he teaches natural and moral philosophy, logic, and the virtues of all herbs and plants, and is also capable of healing all infirmities (especially of men) and bestows good familiars.

In parallel with the development of this work on mind and language, McDowell also made significant contributions to moral philosophy, specifically meta-ethical debates over the nature of moral reasons and moral objectivity. McDowell developed the view that has come to be known as secondary property realism, or sensibility or moral sense theory. The theory proceeds via the device of an ideally virtuous agent: such an agent has two connected capacities. She has the right concepts and the correct grasp of concepts to think about situations in which she finds herself by coming to moral beliefs.

Falun Gong is a spiritual discipline that combines meditation and exercises with a moral philosophy, emerged in China in the 1990s; by 1999 the number of practitioners was estimated in the tens of millions. In July 1999, following a large-scale demonstration to request official recognition, Chinese authorities initiated a nationwide campaign to suppress the group, and created the 610 Office to oversee and coordinate the elimination of Falun Gong.Sarah Cook and Leeshai Lemish, ‘The 610 Office:Policing the Chinese Spirit’, China Brief, Volume 11 Issue 17 (9 November 2011).James Tong, "Revenge of the Forbidden City," Oxford University Press (2009).

William Calvert Kneale (22 June 1906 - 24 June 1990) was an English logician best known for his 1962 book The Development of Logic, a history of logic from its beginnings in Ancient Greece written with his wife Martha. Kneale was also known as a philosopher of science and the author of a book on probability and induction. Educated at the Liverpool Institute High School for boys, he later became a fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, and in 1960 succeeded to the White's Professor of Moral Philosophy previously occupied by the linguistic philosopher J. L. Austin. He retired in 1966.

Stewart as a student in Glasgow wrote an essay on Dreaming. In 1792 he published the first volume of the Elements of the Philosophy of the Human Mind; the second volume appeared in 1814, the third not till 1827. In 1793 he printed a textbook, Outlines of Moral Philosophy, which went through many editions; and in the same year he read before the Royal Society of Edinburgh his Account of the Life and Writings of Adam Smith. Similar memoirs of Robertson the historian and of Reid were afterwards read before the same body and appear in his published works.

Eugenio Curiel was the first of four children of a Jewish family of comfortable circumstances. His father, Giulio, was an engineer in the San Marco workshops of Trieste, and his mother, Lucia Limentani, was the sister of the Florentine philosopher, Ludovico "Ludo" Limentani. After graduation from high school in 1929, he studied engineering for two years at the University of Florence. In 1931, he enrolled at the Politecnico di Milano University, but after a few months he returned to Florence, where he took up theoretical physics and lodged with his uncle, Ludovico, who taught moral philosophy at that university.

In Antifanatickal Religion and Free Philosophy, another essay from the volume, he attacked the whole tradition of imaginative illumination in religion, going back to William Perkins, as founded on the denigration of reason.Jeremy Schmidt, Melancholy and the Care of the Soul: Religion, Moral Philosophy and Madness in Early Modern England (2007), p. 89. This essay has the subtitle Continuation of the New Atlantis, and so connects with Francis Bacon's utopia. In an allegory, Glanvill placed the "Young Academicians", standing for the Cambridge Platonists, in the midst of intellectual troubles matching the religious upheavals seen in Britain.

William Wallace (11 May 184418 February 1897) was a Scottish philosopher and academic who became fellow of Merton College and White's Professor of Moral Philosophy at Oxford University. He was best known for his studies of German philosophers, most notably Hegel, some of whose works he translated into highly regarded English editions. While reputedly forbidding in manner, he was known as an able and effective teacher and writer who succeeded in greatly improving the understanding of German philosophy in the English-speaking world. He died at the age of 52 after a bicycle accident near Oxford.

Man-Robot Relationship, Taking into account the new sociological factors. Contains multiple references to Goffi's books.) Through moral philosophy, he tries to offer new approaches for military ethics basing his reflections upon intersubjectivity, moral responsibility,, in Paolo Tripodi and Carroll J. Connelley (eds.), Aspects of Leadership: Ethics, Law and Spirituality, Quantico, Marine Corps University Press, 2012, pp. 87-110. and moral freedom. Emmanuel's doctoral dissertation, entitled "Le sacrifice suprême, une approche critique de la construction d'un mythe: les officiers français et la mort pro patria dans le contexte du conflit en Afghanistan" (Supreme Sacrifice: A Critical Approach of the Construction of a Myth.

He was educated at Marshall College (now Franklin & Marshall College) and at the Mercersburg Theological Seminary. After acting as president of Heidelberg College in 1851 he became professor of theology in the Theological Seminary of Tiffin, Ohio, whence he was called to the presidency of Franklin and Marshall College in 1855, where he also lectured on mental and moral philosophy. In 1868, he was appointed professor at the Reformed Church Seminary, Lancaster, Pennsylvania. He edited Frederick Augustus Rauch's Inner life and, for several years, the Mercersburg Review, and wrote Philosophy and Logic (1858) and Institutions of the Christian Religion (1891).

The clear philosophical influence, however, was Ludwig Wittgenstein's philosophy of language, the moral philosophy of Alasdair MacIntyre, and the sociological insights of Clifford Geertz and Peter Berger on the nature of communities. Philosophers of science such as Thomas Kuhn and literary theorists such as Erich Auerbach also influenced the new approach. This movement has influenced other movements, such as radical orthodoxy, scriptural reasoning, paleo-orthodoxy, the emerging church movement, and postliberal expressions of evangelical Protestantism and Roman Catholicism. Its ecumenical spirit originates from Lindbeck's work, which was partly animated by his involvement as a Lutheran observer at the Second Vatican Council.

In the winter of 1850, Bowen lectured again before the Lowell Institute on political economy, and in 1852 on the origin and development of the English and American constitutions. In 1853, on the election of James Walker to the presidency of Harvard, Bowen was appointed his successor as Alford professor of natural religion, moral philosophy and civil polity. This time the appointment was approved almost unanimously by the overseers, and he occupied the chair until 1889. After 1858, he lectured before the Lowell Institute on the English metaphysicians and philosophers from Francis Bacon to Sir William Hamilton.

One of his main goals is to undermine what he sees as the fiction of the disembodied, independent reasoner who determines ethical and moral questions autonomously and what he calls the "illusion of self- sufficiency" that runs through much of Western ethics culminating in Nietzsche's Übermensch.Dependent Rational Animals, 127 In its place he tries to show that our embodied dependencies are a definitive characteristic of our species and reveal the need for certain kinds of virtuous dispositions if we are ever to flourish into independent reasoners capable of weighing the intellectual intricacies of moral philosophy in the first place.

She has extensively published on ordinary language philosophy (Ludwig Wittgenstein, John L. Austin), moral philosophy (moral perfectionism, ethics of care), American philosophy (Stanley Cavell, Henry David Thoreau, Ralph Waldo Emerson), gender studies, popular culture (TV series), and more recently about democracy and civil disobedience. She is the French translator of most of Stanley Cavell’s work. She has been Visiting Researcher at the Max Planck Institute (Berlin), Distinguished Visiting Professor at Johns Hopkins University, Visiting Professor at Pontifical University (Lima), and Visiting Professor “Chaire invitée” at the Facultés Saint-Louis (Bruxelles). She was also a columnist at the French journal Libération.

By the mid-15th century humanism described a curriculum – the studia humanitatis – consisting of grammar, rhetoric, moral philosophy, poetry, and history as studied via Latin and Greek literary authors. Humanism offered the necessary intellectual and philological tools for the first critical analysis of texts. An early triumph of textual criticism by Lorenzo Valla revealed the Donation of Constantine to be an early medieval forgery produced in the Curia. This textual criticism created sharper controversy when Erasmus followed Valla in criticizing the accuracy of the Vulgate translation of the New Testament, and promoting readings from the original Greek manuscripts of the New Testament.

The Moral Constitution is a means of understanding the U.S. Constitution which emphasizes a fusion of moral philosophy and constitutional law. The most prominent proponent is Ronald Dworkin, who advances the view in Law's Empire and Freedom's Law: The Moral Reading of the American Constitution. Alternatively, it can be taken to mean a constitution that defines the fundamental political principles and establishes the power and duties of each government, and does so while being consistent with a moral code. The moral code can take any of the same forms as the constitution itself: written, unwritten, codified, uncodified, etc.

In 1820 he became Professor of Moral Philosophy in King's College, Aberdeen, but his lectures there were mostly delivered by a deputy. He continued to lecture in St Andrews, intending to travel regularly between the two, however, he had a change of heart following a near-fatal accident when his stage-coach overturned en route to Aberdeen.Monuments and monumental inscriptions in Scotland: The Grampian Society, 1871 Therefore, in 1821 Lee resigned both professorships and, aided by the granting of a Doctor of Divinity from St Andrews University, accepted a position as minister of the Canongate Church in Edinburgh.

John, though partly to blame for Scott's loss of his fortune in the midst of his career, was a very dear friend to Scott, who is said to have openly wept at his funeral and whispered the above words on the plaque to John Gibson Lockhart. Scott had nicknames for both men: John was "Rigdumfunnidos"; James was "Aldiboronti-phoscophornio". Mausoleum of Dugald Stewart Dugald Stewart (1753–1828) was Professor of Moral Philosophy at Edinburgh University from 1785 until 1820. The son of Matthew Stewart, Professor of Mathematics, Dugald is principally remembered as author of Philosophy of the Human Mind (1792).

In 1777 he was appointed to the English church in Utrecht, and about 1788 to the professorship of moral philosophy and ecclesiastical history in the university, to which was soon added the professorship of the law of nature. The war which followed the French Revolution drove Brown in January 1795 to London. In 1795 the magistrates of Aberdeen appointed him to the chair of divinity, and soon after he was made principal of Marischal College. In the year 1800 he was appointed chaplain in ordinary to the king, and in 1804 Dean of the Chapel Royal, and of the order of the Thistle.

Sir Bernard Arthur Owen Williams, FBA (21 September 1929 – 10 June 2003) was an English moral philosopher. His publications include Problems of the Self (1973), Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy (1985), Shame and Necessity (1993), and Truth and Truthfulness (2002). He was knighted in 1999. As Knightbridge Professor of Philosophy at the University of Cambridge and Deutsch Professor of Philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley, Williams became known for his efforts to reorient the study of moral philosophy to psychology, history, and in particular to the Greeks.Mark P. Jenkins, Bernard Williams, Abingdon: Routledge, 2014 [2006], 3.

The writing is a bouquet of moral philosophy, set out to show how thought and deed can generate happiness on the one hand, or sorrow and disillusionment on the other. In a recurring theme throughout the dialogues, Petrarch advises humility in prosperity and fortitude in adversity. The 254 woodcut illustrations by the anonymous Master of Petrarch for the 1532 German edition are considered masterpieces of the German Renaissance. In 1579, the dialogues were translated into English by the Elizabethan physician Thomas Twyne (1543–1613) as Phisicke Against Fortune, and by Susannah Dobson in 1791 as Petrarch's View of Human Life.

A. Herman, How the Scots Invented the Modern World (London: Crown Publishing Group, 2001), . Key figures in the Scottish Enlightenment who had made their mark before the mid-eighteenth century included Francis Hutcheson (1694–1746), who was professor of moral philosophy at Glasgow from 1729 to 1746. He was an important link between the ideas of Shaftesbury and the later school of Scottish Common Sense Realism, developing Utilitarianism and Consequentialist thinking. Colin Maclaurin (1698–1746), appointed to a chair of mathematics by the age of 19 at Marischal College, was the leading British mathematician of his era.

During this period, he was active in his parochial duties and in advocating the cause of school and college education, lectured extensively and with success, and was a close student of literature and philosophy. In 1838, Walker was appointed Harvard's Alford Professor of Natural Religion, Moral Philosophy, and Civil Polity, which position he held until 1853, when he was elected president of the college. During his administration, music was added to Harvard's curriculum. Walker also served as a Fellow of Harvard College (1834-1853) and a member of its Board of Overseers (1825-1836, 1864-1874).

Retrieved June 25, 2017. Business ethics includes questions regarding the duties or duty of 'whistleblowers' to the general public or their loyalty to their employers."Business Ethics" Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved June 25, 2017. Applied ethics has expanded the study of ethics beyond the realms of academic philosophical discourse.Bayertz, K. (2002) Self- enlightenment of Applied Ethics, in: Chadwick, R and Schroeder, D. (eds.) Applied Ethics, Vol1. 36-51, London: Routledge The field of applied ethics, as it appears today, emerged from debate surrounding rapid medical and technological advances in the early 1970s and is now established as a subdiscipline of moral philosophy.

The series centres on Danny Gordon as he embarks on his first year at Bankside University. Unbeknown to him his "worst best friend" from school, Shane McKay, has been awarded a place at Bankside via the clearing system, and proceeds to gatecrash Danny's university life. The pair share their student accommodation with Scarlet Hayes, Fred and Wendy "Weird Bloke". The first episode introduces the characters and displays Danny's introduction into university life including life modelling, chatting up girls who have boyfriends at home and learning that there is a university degree called Moral Philosophy with Comparative Philology.

While some may have found this behavior outrageous or frightening, others knew him as a gentle person who enjoyed cross-dressing, capable of being very charming in private. By 1976, Mieli had graduated and began revising for publication his doctoral thesis in Moral Philosophy. The revision was published as Elementi di critica omosessuale. An English translation of the book was made by David Fernbach as Homosexuality and Liberation: Elements of a Gay Critique. The translation’s last chapter – "Towards a Gay Communism"—was excerpted as a political pamphlet and became Mieli’s most widely known work among English speakers.

John Pringle was the youngest son of Sir John Pringle, 2nd Baronet, of Stichill, Roxburghshire (1662–1721), by his spouse Magdalen (d. December 1739), daughter of Sir Gilbert Eliott, 3rd Baronet, of Stobs. He was educated at St Andrews, at Edinburgh, and at Leiden. In 1730 he graduated with a degree of Doctor of Physic at the last-named university, where he was an intimate friend of Gerard van Swieten and Albrecht von Haller. He settled in Edinburgh at first as a physician, but between 1733 and 1744 was also Professor of Moral Philosophy at Edinburgh University.

Virgil V. Topazio, "Diderot's Supposed Contribution to D'Holbach's Works", in Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, LXIX, 1, 1954, pp. 173-188. Regardless, however, of the extent of Diderot's contribution to the System of Nature, it is on the basis of this work that d'Holbach's philosophy has been called "the culmination of French materialism and atheism."Virgil W. Topazio, D'Holbach's Moral Philosophy: Its Background and Development (Geneva: Institut et Musée Voltaire, 1956), p. 117. D'Holbach's objectives in challenging religion were primarily moral: He saw the institutions of Christianity as a major obstacle to the improvement of society.

In 1825 he went to study at the University of Glasgow, where his classmates included John Eadie, William Hanna and Archibald Campbell Tait, the future Archbishop of Canterbury. In 1833 he studied for a year in Mid Calder before moving on to Edinburgh where he received warm encouragement from the professor of moral philosophy, John Wilson, better known as Christopher North. Here, he formed friendships with Thomas Aird, Thomas de Quincey, and Thomas Carlyle. He was licensed by the Presbytery of Edinburgh as a probationer in 1835, but declined an invitation to take on his late father's congregation in Comrie.

Stevens was educated at Phillips Academy, Andover and later studied medicine at Dartmouth College and the Medical College of South Carolina. After practicing medicine in Savannah, Georgia, for five years, he served as state historian of Georgia and at that time he began to study for the priesthood of the Episcopal Church. He was ordained deacon on February 28, 1843, and later to the priesthood on January 7, 1844. He briefly served as professor of moral philosophy at the University of Georgia prior to being called as the rector of St. Andrew's Church of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1848.

The Chinese government's campaign against Falun Gong was driven by large-scale propaganda through television, newspapers, radio and internet. The propaganda campaign focused on allegations that Falun Gong jeopardized social stability, was deceiving and dangerous, was "anti-science" and threatened progress, and argued that Falun Gong's moral philosophy was incompatible with a Marxist social ethic. China scholars Daniel Wright and Joseph Fewsmith stated that for several months after Falun Gong was outlawed, China Central Television's evening news contained little but anti-Falun Gong rhetoric; the government operation was "a study in all-out demonization", they wrote.Fewsmith, Joseph and Daniel B. Wright.

Witherspoon made fundamental changes to the moral philosophy curriculum, strengthened the college's commitment to natural philosophy (science), and positioned Princeton in the larger transatlantic world of the republic of letters. Witherspoon's common sense approach to morality was more influenced by the Enlightenment ethics of Scottish philosophers Francis Hutcheson and Thomas Reid than the Christian virtue of Jonathan Edwards. Witherspoon thus believed morality was a science. It could be cultivated in his students or deduced through the development of the moral sense—an ethical compass instilled by God in all human beings and developed through education (Reid) or sociability (Hutcheson).

Between 1749 and 1753, Basedow was a private tutor to the son of Herr Von Quaalen, a nobleman living in Borghorst, Holstein. He developed new teaching methods based on conversation and play with the child, and a program of physical development. Such was his success that he wrote a treatise on his methods, "On the best and hitherto unknown method of teaching children of noblemen", which he presented to the University of Kiel in 1752, and obtained the degree of Master of Arts. In 1753, he was appointed professor of moral philosophy and belles-lettres at Sorø Academy in Denmark.

Even after 1892, the LLA continued to be popular with women who wanted to study for an arts degree without needing to attend one particular institution for three or four years. Thousands of women received an LLA before it was discontinued in the 1930s. William Angus Knight (1836–1916), Professor of Moral Philosophy at St Andrews between 1876 and 1903, was a supporter of female education and the main force behind the university's introduction of the LLA degree. Helen Bannerman, the children's writer, and suffragette Margaret Nevinson both had LLAs, as did the wartime nursing "heroine", Violetta Thurstan.

Apparently the only scholar who ever studied the dissertation was Joseph Dorfman, for his 1934 book Thorstein Veblen and His America. Dorfman says only that the dissertation, advised by evolutionary sociologist William Graham Sumner, studies such evolutionary thought as that of Herbert Spencer, as well as the moral philosophy of Kant. Some historians have also speculated that this failure to obtain employment was partially due to prejudice against Norwegians, while others attribute this to the fact that most universities and administrators considered him insufficiently educated in Christianity. Most academics at the time held divinity degrees, which Veblen did not have.

At this time, Turnbull was interested in creating a rational form of Christianity, which led to his correspondence with John Toland, and the writing of an essay in defence of religious toleration which was never published. Turnbull was made regent at Marischal College, Aberdeen, on 14 April 1721. His two graduation theses were De scientiae naturalis cum philosophia morali conjunctione from 1723 and De pulcherrima mundi cum materialis tum rationalis constitutione from 1726. These two works indicate that he was the first Scottish thinker to publish writings that argued for the use of the so-called Newtonian method in constructing a moral philosophy.

Guyau's works primarily analyze and respond to modern philosophy, especially moral philosophy. Largely seen as an Epicurean, he viewed English utilitarianism as a modern version of Epicureanism. Although an enthusiastic admirer of the works of Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, he did not spare them a careful scrutiny of their approach to morality. In his Esquisse d'une morale sans obligation ni sanction, probably his most important work on moral theory, he begins from Fouillée, maintaining that utilitarian and positivist schools, despite admitting the presence of an unknowable in moral theory, wrongly expel individual hypotheses directed towards this unknowable.

Nagel in 2008, teaching ethics Thomas Nagel has been highly influential in the related fields of moral and political philosophy. Supervised by John Rawls, Nagel has been a long-standing proponent of a Kantian and rationalist approach to moral philosophy. His distinctive ideas were first presented in the short monograph The Possibility of Altruism, published in 1970. That book seeks by reflection on the nature of practical reasoning to uncover the formal principles that underlie reason in practice and the related general beliefs about the self that are necessary for those principles to be truly applicable to us.

3, 20, 39, 54. He is said to have believed that Fate was a god, though it is not clear what was implied in this expression;Stobaeus, de Fato, 16 and it appears from Athenaeus that he wrote a treatise entitled On Superstition ().Athenaeus, Deipnosophists, viii. Of Antipater's labours in moral philosophy nothing remains except a few scattered statements which concern points of detail, and have more to do with the application of moral precepts than with the principles themselves; such as they were, however, he took higher ground in solving them than his master Diogenes:Cicero, de Officiis, iii.

In this publication, Vives explores moral philosophy as a setting for his educational ideals; with this, he explains that the different parts of the soul (similar to that of Aristotle's ideas) are each responsible for different operations, which function distinctively. The first book covers the different "souls": "The Vegetative Soul;" this is the soul of nutrition, growth, and reproduction, "The Sensitive Soul," which involves the five external senses; "The Cogitative soul," which includes internal senses and cognitive facilities. The second book involves functions of the rational soul: mind, will, and memory. Lastly, the third book explains the analysis of emotions.

He developed new techniques for examining, preserving, and dissecting specimens, including wax injection to make viewing blood vessels easier. A method he invented for the preparation of hollow human organs was later much employed in anatomy. He had corresponded with contemporaries across Europe and his friends Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Nicolas Malebranche used his microscopic research to substantiate their own natural and moral philosophy. But Swammerdam has also been credited with heralding the natural theology of the 18th century, were God's grand design was detected in the mechanics of the solar system, the seasons, snowflakes and the anatomy of the human eye.

This follows a lesser-known 1841 incident in which a group of "fanatical abolition anarchists" from Oberlin, using saws and axes, freed two captured fugitive slaves from the Lorain County jail. Oberlin's football team in 1892 In 1866, James Fairchild became Oberlin's third president, and the first alumnus of the school to achieve that rank. Himself a committed abolitionist, Fairchild, at that point chair of theology and moral philosophy, played a role in Oberlin-Wellington Rescue, hiding fugitive slave John Price in his home. During Fairchild's tenure, the faculty and physical plant of the college expanded dramatically.

For Stevenson, moral disagreements may arise from different fundamental attitudes, different moral beliefs about specific cases, or both. The methods of moral argumentation he proposed have been divided into three groups, known as logical, rational psychological and nonrational psychological forms of argumentation.Hudson, Modern Moral Philosophy, 130–31; Wilks, Emotion, 25–26 Logical methods involve efforts to show inconsistencies between a person's fundamental attitudes and their particular moral beliefs. For example, someone who says "Edward is a good person" who has previously said "Edward is a thief" and "No thieves are good people" is guilty of inconsistency until she retracts one of her statements.

He thus analyses the truth of religious faith, which he judges to be decided upon by "inevident assent"—in which the truth of a proposition is not immediately obvious to the intellect, but must rather be accepted on God's authority. By May 1512, Cranston had finished his education in theology and took his doctorate. His subsequent works show a preoccupation with moral philosophy; he made major additions to the Questiones morales of Martin Le Maistre and minor ones to the Moralia of Jacques Almain, a peer at the University. In August 1512, two versions of Cranston's Insolubilia were printed.

Liberalism in the United States is a political and moral philosophy based on what liberals consider the unalienable rights of the individual. The fundamental liberal ideals of freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of religion, the separation of church and state, the right to due process and equality under the law are widely accepted as a common foundation of liberalism. It differs from liberalism worldwide because the United States has never had a resident hereditary aristocracyLouis Hartz, The Liberal Tradition in America, (1991) p. 4. and avoided much of the class warfare that characterized Europe.

You Italians, more than others, should understand this. For so long as you leave it to others you will be oppressed by these others," he said, "the longer you remain inarticulate and inactive, by so much longer will you be looked upon as not merely alien in blood and temperament, but in thought and moral philosophy. You will be looked upon as outlaws. Do not delay, for the longer you are held in low esteem, so much the longer will it require to establish yourself as worthy citizens in the eyes of those who today look down on you.

Samuel Stanhope Smith When Birney turned eleven he was sent to Transylvania University in Lexington, Kentucky, where "one of Birney’s teachers, Robert Hamilton Bishop, was one of the state's earliest outspoken opponents of slavery." He returned home two years later to enter a school run by a Presbyterian man that had just opened in Danville, where he excelled in his studies, mostly based in the sciences. In 1808, at age seventeen, he entered the College of New Jersey (later, Princeton University). He studied political philosophy, logic, and moral philosophy, and became known as a proficient debater.

She studied with tutors outside of Somerville, which at that time did not yet have a Classics tutor, taking Roman History with Henry Francis Pelham, Moral Philosophy with Edward Caird, and Greek History with Reginald Macan. Some of these classes were taken together with Barbara Bradby, a lifelong friend. Rathbone was devoted to her studies, taking little part in the entertainments available to female students such as games, and engaging in limited socialising with male students. Her handwriting was reportedly so poor that she had to dictate her final exam papers to a typist, and she received a result in the Second class.

Shortly after the publication of his first book, he was given the prestigious Professorship of Moral Philosophy at the University of Glasgow when he was called to replace Adam Smith. He resigned from this position in 1781, after which he prepared his university lectures for publication in two books: Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man (1785) and Essays on the Active Powers of the Human Mind (1788). In 1740 Thomas Reid married his cousin Elizabeth, daughter of the London physician George Reid. His wife and "numerous" children predeceased him, except for a daughter who married Patrick Carmichael.

Many believe that these works were not put into their current form by Aristotle himself, but by an editor sometime later.John M. Cooper, "The Magna Moralia and Aristotle's Moral Philosophy," in The American Journal of Philology 94.4 (Winter, 1973): pp. 327–49. Scholars, in recent years, have used the Eudemian Ethics as support, confirmation, and sometimes foil for NE. It is also noted that a discussion in the Nicomachean Ethics is also better understood using the Rhetoric. There is, for instance, the case of its discussion of emotions, which has been explained in Aristotle's analyses of various emotions in Rhetoric.

She is a fellow of the Hastings Center, an independent bioethics research institution in Garrison, New York. She is a fellow of the Hastings Center, an independent bioethics research institution in Garrison, New York. She held ACLS, AAUW, and Guggenheim fellowships, and has been a Fellow of the Program in Ethics and the Professions at the Kennedy School, the Center for Human Values at Princeton, and the Center for Advanced Study at Stanford. She is a member of the editorial boards of Philosophy & Public Affairs, Legal Theory, Bioethics, and Utilitas. In August 2007, Kamm delivered the annual Oslo Lecture in Moral Philosophy.

Polk briefly attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill before entering the United States Military Academy at West Point. During his senior year, he joined the Episcopal Church and was baptized in the Academy Chapel by Chaplain Charles P. McIlvaine, who later became the Episcopal Bishop of Ohio. Polk had an impressive academic record, excelling in rhetoric and moral philosophy. He graduated eighth of 38 cadets on July 1, 1827, and was appointed a brevet second lieutenant in the artillery.Dupuy, p. 601. Polk resigned his commission on December 1, 1827, so that he could enter the Virginia Theological Seminary.

124 He was interested not only in philosophy and theology, but in theories of education, and in knowledge classification schemes, which he used to write encyclopedias, develop college curricula, and create library classification systems.Fiering, Norman S., "President Samuel Johnson and the Circle of Knowledge", The William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series, Vol. 28, No. 2 (Apr., 1971), pp. 199–236 Johnson was a proponent of the view that "the essence of true religion is morality", and believed that "the problem of denominationalism"Fiering, p. 236 could be solved by teaching a non- denominational common moral philosophy acceptable to all religions.

As a young man Wooddeson frequented Thomas Payne's house and literary circle at Mews Gate. In 1766 Wooddeson was elected to a Vinerian scholarship in common law, and he was called to the bar in 1767 at the Middle Temple, who elected him a bencher in 1799. After acting for three years as deputy Vinerian professor, he was elected a Vinerian fellow in 1776, and served as proctor in the same year. On 4 March 1777 he was elected university lecturer on moral philosophy, and on 24 April, on the resignation of Robert Chambers, he was elected Vinerian professor, narrowly defeating Giles Rooke.

Both of Wollstonecraft's novels also critique the discourse of sensibility, a moral philosophy and aesthetic that had become popular at the end of the eighteenth century. Mary is itself a novel of sensibility and Wollstonecraft attempts to use the tropes of that genre to undermine sentimentalism itself, a philosophy she believed was damaging to women because it encouraged them to rely overmuch on their emotions. In The Wrongs of Woman the heroine's indulgence on romantic fantasies fostered by novels themselves is depicted as particularly detrimental.Johnson, 60, 65–66; Kelly, 44; Poovey, 89; Taylor, 135; Todd, Women's Friendship, 210–11.

' The poet whom he was charged with robbing was William Congreve. He wrote another poem on the death of the Duke of Gloucester. In 1710, Yalden became fellow of the college; and next year, entering into orders, he was briefly rector of Sopworth, Wiltshire, before being presented by the society with a living in Warwickshire, consistent with his fellowship, and chosen lecturer of moral philosophy, a very honourable office. On the accession of Queen Anne, he wrote another poem; and is said to have declared himself of the party who had the honourable distinction of Highchurchmen.

According to Paul Louis Courier, this edition is a great progress on the one of Isaac Casaubon, which was two centuries old at the time. His Herodotus (1816; lexicon, 1824) is less successful; he depends too much on earlier editions and inferior MSS., and lacks the finer scholarship necessary in dealing with such an author. Mention may also be made of his Enchiridion of Epictetus and Tabula of Cebes (1798), which appeared at the time when the doctrines of the Stoics were fashionable; the letters of Seneca to Lucilius (1809); corrections and notes to Suidas (1789); and some moral philosophy essays.

The United Kingdom is famous for the tradition of 'British Empiricism', a branch of the philosophy of knowledge that states that only knowledge verified by experience is valid, and 'Scottish Philosophy', sometimes referred to as the 'Scottish School of Common Sense'. The most famous philosophers of British Empiricism are John Locke, George Berkeley and David Hume; while Dugald Stewart, Thomas Reid and William Hamilton were major exponents of the Scottish "common sense" school. Two Britons are also notable for the ethical theory of utilitarianism, a moral philosophy first used by Jeremy Bentham and later by John Stuart Mill in his short work Utilitarianism.

He was born in the parish of St Martin, on the Channel Island of Jersey, second son of George Bandinel by his second wife, Elizabeth Lempriere. Educated at Winchester College, Bandinel went on to achieve distinction at the University of Oxford, entering Jesus College, Oxford in 1752 (B.A. 1755, M.A. 1758, B.D. 1767 and D.D. 1777); he was Fellow 1754-1776. At University level, he was Junior Proctor in 1766 under Nathaniel Haines of Pembroke College; elected to White's Professorship of Moral Philosophy in February 1767; and elected Oxford's twenty-first Public Orator in May 1776, a position he held until 1784.

Ainslie's cast of mind was literary rather than philosophical; and it is not entirely clear that he had the philosophical competence to translate Croce adequately. In a review of Ainslie's translation of Filosofia della practica. Economica ed etica (1909) (Philosophy of the Practical, Economic and Ethic, London : Macmillan, 1913), the Oxford philosopher, H.J. Paton (1887-1969, White's Professor of Moral Philosophy, 1937–52), wrote : 'Of the present translation we prefer to say as little as possible. Mr. Ainslie might have avoided some of his mistakes by consulting the readable, and on the whole accurate, French translation by Buriot and Jankelevitch.

This is the principal line in The God Delusion although there are subsidiary suggestions that Jesus may not have existed. Bertrand Russell, in his essay "Why I Am Not a Christian", criticized Jesus' personal character and philosophical positions on various grounds. # Even supposing that Jesus was correct, wise, and knowledgeable about a great many things does not imply that he was knowledgeable about everything. A deep knowledge of moral philosophy and the iniquities of the human condition, for example, do not necessarily imply any valid expertise on astrophysics, Phoenician literature, or the literal existence of God.

Never Again memorial to the Rwanda genocide According to Aaron Dorfman, "Since the Holocaust, the Jewish community's attitude toward preventing genocide has been summed up in the moral philosophy of 'Never Again.'" What this meant was that the Jews would not allow themselves to be victimized. The phrase has been used in many official commemorations and appears on many Holocaust memorials and museums, including memorials at Treblinka extermination camp and Dachau concentration camp, as well as in commemoration of the Rwanda genocide. It is in wide use by Holocaust survivors, politicians, writers, and other commentators, who invoke it for a variety of purposes.

Düttmann has published a number of authored books, many of which have been translated into several languages (English, Italian, Croatian, Japanese). His research in the past few years has been focused on the philosophical problem of deconstruction, the concept of exaggeration in philosophy, Theodor Adorno’s moral philosophy and the work of Italian filmmaker Luchino Visconti. Yet Visconti turns out to be Düttmann's pretext rather than subject, according to Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung reviewer Bert Rebhandl: "This is the book's real flaw: We never learn why García Düttmann talks about Visconti at all."Bert Rebhandl, Im Wahn des Mädchens Natalia.

Alfred Edward Taylor (22 December 1869 – 31 October 1945), usually cited as A. E. Taylor, was a British idealist philosopher most famous for his contributions to the philosophy of idealism in his writings on metaphysics, the philosophy of religion, moral philosophy, and the scholarship of Plato. He was a fellow of the British Academy (1911) and president of the Aristotelian Society from 1928 to 1929. At Oxford he was made an honorary fellow of New College in 1931. In an age of universal upheaval and strife, he was a notable defender of Idealism in the Anglo-Saxon world.

Smith was born in Edinburgh and educated at George Heriot's School, EdinburghWho’s Who 2008 (London, A & C Black, 2008 ) He attended the University of Edinburgh, graduating with an MA in Mental Philosophy in 1966. At graduation he was awarded the Skirving Scholarship and Gold Medal in Moral Philosophy, and moved to the University of Cambridge to study theology as a member of Westcott House, and of Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge. Following his graduation in Theology (MA) he was elected to a Lady Kay Scholarship by Jesus College, Cambridge and from there later graduated as Master of Letters (MLitt).

He was born in October 1830 in the manse, Garvock in northern Scotland the son of Rev James Mitchell, the local minister, and his wife, Margaret Gordon. He was educated by Dr Melvin at Aberdeen Grammar School. He entered Marischal College in 1846 studying Moral Philosophy and Logic, graduating MA in 1850. He then entered Divinity Hall in Aberdeen and studied Systematic Theology, Biblical Criticism and Theology for a further four years. In May 1854 he was licensed to preach at Fordoun, but almost immediately thereafter (July) was translated to be Rev Dr Barry's assistant at St Enoch's Church in Glasgow.

Princeton Seminary in the 1800s Scottish Realism greatly influenced conservative religious thought and was strongest at Princeton Seminary until the Seminary moved in new directions after 1929. The Princeton theologians built their elaborate system on the basis of "common-sense" realism, biblicism and confessionalism.James C. Livingston and Francis Schüssler Fiorenza, Modern Christian Thought: The Enlightenment and the nineteenth century (2006) p. 303 James McCosh was brought from Queen's College, Belfast, to Princeton College's Chair of Moral Philosophy and Presidency because of his book "The Method of Divine Government," a Christian philosophy that was precursory to Charles Darwin's "The Origin of Species" (1859).

Combe was part of an active Edinburgh scene composed of people thinking about the nature of heredity and its possible malleability, such as Lamarck proposed. Combe himself was no Lamarckian, but in the decades before the publication of Darwin's Origin of Species, the Constitution was probably the single most important vehicle for the dissemination of naturalistic progressivism in the English-speaking world. His Answers to the Objections Urged Against Phrenology published in 1838 was followed in 1840 by Moral Philosophy and in 1841 by Notes on the United States of North America. Combe's Phrenology Applied to Painting and Sculpture came in 1855.

Reed graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1825, practiced law in Philadelphia, and was assistant-professor of moral philosophy in the University of Pennsylvania in 1831-34 and professor of English literature and rhetoric there in 1835-54. He assisted William Wordsworth in the preparation of an American edition of his poems in 1837, edited in America Christopher Wordsworth's Memoirs of William Wordsworth (1851) and published Lectures on English Literature from Chaucer to Tennyson (1855). His brother was lawyer, politician and educator William Bradford Reed. Reed was married to Elizabeth White Bronson and had six children.

XXVII, p. 374, Google Books entry The charter called for a center of higher education consisting of three schools: the Grammar School, the Philosophy School and the Divinity School. The Philosophy School instructed students in the advanced study of moral philosophy (logic, rhetoric, ethics) as well as natural philosophy (physics, metaphysics and mathematics); upon completion of this coursework, the Divinity School prepared these young men for ordination into the Church of England. Reverend Dr. James Blair, founder of William & Mary This early curriculum, a precursor to the present-day liberal arts program, made William & Mary the first American college with a full faculty.

Davidson was born in Kinghorn, Fife, Scotland, and was educated for the ministry. Having gained a considerable reputation as a preacher, he was invited to assume the pastorate of Chalmers Church in Adelaide. Accepting the call, he arrived in South Australia in June 1870, and was connected with Chalmers Church until 1877, when he associated himself with the Adelaide Union College. When Sir Walter Watson Hughes agreed to endow the University of Adelaide with £20,000 for two professorships, he stipulated that Davidson should fill the first chair of English Language and Literature and Mental and Moral Philosophy.

In contemporary moral philosophy, motivational internalism (or moral internalism) is the view that moral convictions (which are not necessarily beliefs, e.g. feelings of moral approval or disapproval) are intrinsically motivating. That is, the motivational internalist believes that there is an internal, necessary connection between one's conviction that X ought to be done and one's motivation to do X. Conversely, the motivational externalist (or moral externalist) claims that there is no necessary internal connection between moral convictions and moral motives.Williams, Bernard (1981) "Internal and External Reasons", in Williams's Moral Luck, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 101–13.

Pavilion IX, Prof. Tucker's residence on the University of Virginia Lawn Near the end of Tucker's third congressional term in 1824, Thomas Jefferson presented him with an offer on behalf of the fledgling University of Virginia, sanctioned by Trustees James Madison and Joseph C. Cabell, to serve as the first Professor of Moral Philosophy. The offer met the school's desire to appoint a non-Federalist to the post, and Tucker's connections with Cabell and St. George would also have facilitated his selection. Another factor was Tucker's recent 1822 Essays on Various Subjects of Taste, Morals, and National Policy, which included papers from the Port Folio.

That is to say, it relies, in its discussion of the nature, the subject-matter and the parts of moral philosophy, mainly on Aristotelian terms and concepts: the discussion of the summum bonum is, from this point of view, a relatively minor difference. For all that, and didactic though it is, the work stands on its own feet. It is reasoned, it pays careful attention to definition (for example, of various senses of 'good ' and of ' end '), it has something of its own to say about common sense as a kind of moral sense, and it hangs together. A section on the passions of the soul is obviously Cartesian in inspiration.

After studying with Luigi Pareyson, Ugo Perone graduated in philosophy at the University of Turin with a thesis on "Charles Secrétan’s Philosophy of Freedom." The thesis received the Luisa Guzzo Award for the best philosophy dissertation discussed during that academic year. Perone has been Professor of Theoretical Philosophy and of Moral Philosophy at the University of Turin, the University of Rome "Tor Vergata", and the University of Eastern Piedmont in Vercelli, where he has also been Chair of the Department of Humanistic Studies and Associate Provost for International Relations. Since 2012, Perone has been Guardini Professur für Religionsphilosophie und Katholische Weltanschauung at the Humboldt- Universität in Berlin.

He is professor emeritus of philosophy at Princeton University. He taught at Ohio State University (1956—1962), SUNY Binghamton (1962—1963), Rockefeller University (from 1963 until the philosophy department was closed in 1976), Yale University (from 1976, where he served as chair of the philosophy department 1978—1987), and then Princeton (1990—2002). His major areas of interest include moral philosophy, philosophy of mind and action, and 17th- century rationalism. His 1986 paper On Bullshit, a philosophical investigation of the concept of "bullshit", was republished as a book in 2005 and became a surprise bestseller, leading to media appearances such as Jon Stewart's The Daily Show.

He is noted for his high-level equilibrium trap theory to explain why an Industrial Revolution happened in Europe but not in China, despite the fact that the state of scientific knowledge was far more advanced in China much earlier than in Europe. Essentially, Elvin proposed that pre-industrial production methods were extremely efficient in China, which obviated much of the economic pressure for scientific progress. At the same time, a philosophical shift occurred, where Taoism was gradually replaced by Confucianism as the dominant intellectual paradigm, and moral philosophy and the development of rigid social organization became more important than scientific inquiry among intellectuals.

Statue of Fray Luis de León in Salamanca, Spain Fray Luis continued to teach at the university, being awarded a special chair at the end of 1576, shortly after his acquittal. In 1578 he obtained, for life, the chair of Moral Philosophy, and in 1579 was elected to the most significant chair in the university, the Chair of Holy Scripture (sometimes known as the chair of Biblical Studies or the Bible Chair). He went on to earn a Master of the Arts degree from the University of Sahagún. Fray Luis did not pay heed to the cautionary admonishments of the Inquisitorial committee after his earlier imprisonment.

Shona Katrine Dunlop was born in Dunedin on 12 April 1920; her father was Francis Dunlop, a Scottish-born Presbyterian minister who lectured in moral philosophy at the University of Otago, and her brother was Bonar Dunlop who became a noted sculptor. In 1935, she and her family travelled to Europe, and she enrolled to study with expressionist dancer and choreographer Gertrud Bodenwieser at the University of Music and Performing Arts, Vienna. She studied there for two years and then joined as a principal dancer. Bodenwieser and many of her dancers were Jewish and in 1938, when the Nazis invaded Austria, the ballet was forced to leave Europe.

Teleological ethics (Greek: telos, 'end, purpose' + logos, 'science') is a broader class of views in moral philosophy which consequentialism falls under. In general, proponents of teleological ethics argue that the moral value of any act consists in its tendency to produce things of intrinsic value, meaning that an act is right if and only if it, or the rule under which it falls, produces, will probably produce, or is intended to produce, a greater balance of good over evil than any alternative act. This concept is exemplified by the famous aphorism, "the end justifies the means," i.e. if a goal is morally important enough, any method of achieving it is acceptable.

Thomas and Mary Gisborne in a 1786 painting by Joseph Wright of Derby. Gisborne's Principles of Moral Philosophy (1789) was a forceful evangelical attack on William Paley's Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy (1785), an influential work studied at both Cambridge and Oxford Universities, arguing morality as a categorical imperative against Paley's utilitarian standpoint. Gisborne also wrote Enquiry into the Duties of Men (1795) and Enquiry into the Duties of the Female Sex (1797) stressing subordination to the divinely imposed social hierarchy. His Walks in a Forest (1794) was a book of poems describing the scenery of Needwood Forest, which bordered his estate at Yoxall.

The School of Languages graduated the earliest modern Egyptian intellectual milieu, which formed the basis of the emerging grassroots mobilization against British colonialism in Egypt. Three of his published volumes were works of political and moral philosophy. They introduced his Egyptian audience to Enlightenment ideas such as secular authority and political rights and liberty; his ideas regarding how a modern civilized society ought to be and what constituted by extension a civilized or "good Egyptian"; and his ideas on public interest and public good. p. 115-16 Tahtawi's work was the first effort in what became an Egyptian renaissance (nahda) that flourished in the years between 1860–1940. p.

199), a textile manufacturing plant in Philadelphia.) and was named the David Murray research scholar in scientific studies. In 1911 he became foundation lecturer in mental and moral philosophy at the new University of Queensland and in 1919–23 held the first chair of philosophy there. He moved on to the University of Pennsylvania, but spent the second half of his career at Harvard Business School (1926–1947), where he was professor of industrial research. Two influences on his career from his time at the University of Queensland were Mayo's friendship with the social anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski and his work with shell-shock cases returning from the First World War.

Pettersen specializes in feminist philosophy and feminist ethics, especially in the ethics of care and the Existential Ethics of Simone de Beauvoir. Although Pettersen works primarily in feminist philosophy, feminist ethics, moral philosophy, feminist history of philosophy and related areas such as ontology, epistemology, she is also interested in political philosophy, phenomenology, existential philosophy and postmodern philosophy. She has published books and articles within her field in English and Norwegian, and her articles have been translated into French and Italian. She has also contributed to the general dissemination of feminist philosophy in Norway and elsewhere through public lectures, interviews, and articles in the press.

Germain Gabriel Grisez (September 30, 1929 – February 1, 2018) was a French- American philosopher. Grisez's development of ideas from Thomas Aquinas has redirected Catholic thought and changed the way it has engaged with secular moral philosophy. In 'The First Principle of Practical Reason: A Commentary on the Summa Theologiae, I-II, Q. 94, A. 2' (1965) Grisez attacked the neo- scholastic interpretation of Aquinas as holding that moral norms are derived from methodologically antecedent knowledge of human nature. Grisez defended the idea of metaphysical free choice, and proposed a natural law theory of practical reasoning and moral judgement which, although broadly Thomistic, departs from Aquinas on significant points.

Born in Paris, he became professor of moral philosophy at Bourges (1845–1848) and Strasbourg (1848–1857), and of logic at the lycée Louis-le-Grand, Paris (1857–1864). In 1864 he was appointed to the chair of philosophy at the Sorbonne, and elected a member of the academy of moral and political sciences. He wrote widely on philosophy, politics and ethics, on idealistic lines: La Famille, Histoire de la philosophie dans l'antiquité et dans le temps moderne, Histoire de la science politique, Philosophie de la Revolution Française, etc. However, in the opinion of 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, these writings are not characterised by much originality of thought.

Shipp served VMI as a faculty member from 1859 to 1889, succeeding Stonewall Jackson as Commandant of Cadets in 1861 and teaching Latin, Mathematics, Military History and Strategy, and Military Tactics. While still serving as Commandant of Cadets he was appointed chair of the Department of Latin in 1876. Shipp was elected president and appointed professor of mental and moral philosophy at Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, and served from August 12- August 25, 1880, resigning because of a dispute over the organizational authority of the faculty for the college. Shipp was awarded the Doctor of Letters in 1883 and Doctor of Laws in 1890 by Washington & Lee University.

In 1848 under the direction of William Whewell, two new honour examinations, one in natural sciences (relating to physical science), the other in moral sciences (in the sense of mores or social sciences) were introduced. Moral Sciences was interdisciplinary and included five subjects: moral philosophy, political economy, modern history, general jurisprudence and the laws of England. Moral Sciences was not popular as it did not lead to a degree, and in 1860 no candidates took the examinations. In 1861 following recommendations made by John Grote and Joseph Mayor, the Senate upgraded the status of Moral Sciences to become a three-year Undergraduate honours course in its own right.

At this time, J.N. Keynes and James Ward graduated with honours in Moral Sciences and its reputation grew. The increase in quality and to a lesser extent, in quantity, was assisted by the expansion of the teaching staff assisting the two Moral Sciences professors (Political Economy and Moral Philosophy). From the late 1860s a number of College lecturers in the Moral Sciences were appointed from St. John's, Trinity, Caius, and St. Catharine's who included Henry Sidgwick, Joseph Mayor, John Venn, Thomas Woodhouse Levin, and Alfred Marshall. Due to the efforts of Alfred Marshall, Economics was also dropped from the Moral Sciences Tripos, becoming a separate subject in 1903.

Leonidas Donskis was born in Klaipėda in Lithuanian Jewish family. He graduated from Lithuanian State Conservatoire (now Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theater), majoring in philology and theater, and then pursued his graduate studies in philosophy at the University of Vilnius, Lithuania. Having received his first doctorate in philosophy from the University of Vilnius, he later earned his second doctorate in social and moral philosophy from the University of Helsinki, Finland. His main scholarly interests lie in philosophy of history, philosophy of culture, philosophy of literature, philosophy of the social sciences, civilization theory, political theory, history of ideas, and studies in Central and East European thought.

After returning to Italy, Martinetti worked as a secondary school teacher in Avellino (1899-1900), Correggio (1900-1901), Vigevano (1901-1902), Ivrea (1903-1904) and at the Liceo classico statale Vittorio Alfieri in Turin (1904-1905). In 1904 he published his introduction to metaphysics ('Introduzione alla metafisica. I Teoria della conoscenza') thanks to which he was appointed professor of theoretical and moral philosophy at the Accademia scientifico-letteraria in Milan - which was to become, in 1923, the University of Milan - where he taught from 1906 to 1931. In 1915 he became an honorary fellow of the Istituto lombardo di scienze e lettere,Piero Martinetti, Lettere (1919-1942) Firenze, 2011, nota n.

His time at Lurgan had not been happy: he was uncomfortable among small boys, and both he and Elizabeth enjoyed culture and high society, something lacking so far from the big cities. He served at Cork from January 1876 to June 1883, though further information is hard to find. When he resigned to take the Hughes Professorship of English Language and Literature and Mental and Moral Philosophy at the University of Adelaide, to which he was appointed on 1 July 1883, he was farewelled with "glowing testimonials". The support of David Frederick Kelly, Professor of Classics at the University of Adelaide, may have been influential in his being selected.

In 1882, the requirement that the post holder should be a Doctor or Bachelor of Divinity was also repealed. It is unlikely that any of the holders of the Knightbridge Professorship gave the required lectures until the nineteenth century. William Whewell who was appointed to the Professorship in 1838, gave evidence to the University Commission stating that he was not aware that any predecessor to the post had lectured. Originally entitled the "Professorship of Moral Theology or Casuisticall Divinity", with the holder often known as simply the "Professor of Casuistry", it was subsequently designated the Professorship of Moral Theology, Casuistical Divinity, and Moral Philosophy.

Raynal's idea was to write a history of European enterprises in the East Indies and the New World, having observed the influence of the great explorations on European civilisation. The book first discusses the Portuguese and their oriental colonies, going on to give a history of British and French enterprises, then Spanish and Dutch, in the Orient. It then turns its attention to European conquests in the Americas, giving an account of atrocities against slaves in New Guinea and presenting a table of French and British colonies in North America, after which there is a series of essays on religion, politics, war, commerce, moral philosophy, belles-lettres, and so on.

Zamir studied at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Tel-Aviv University, and going on to be a Rothschild and Fulbright postdoctoral fellow in philosophy at The University of Chicago. He joined the English department of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 2004 as a lecturer, and is now Professor of English and General & Comparative Literature. Zamir is the author of the 2006 book Double Vision: Moral Philosophy and Shakespearean Drama and the 2007 book Ethics & the Beast: A Speciesist Argument for Animal Liberation, both published by Princeton University Press. His 2014 book Acts: Theater, Philosophy, and the Performing Self was published by the University of Michigan Press.

Robinson published in a wide variety of subjects, including moral philosophy, the philosophy of psychology, legal philosophy, the philosophy of the mind, intellectual history, legal history, and the history of psychology. He held academic positions at Amherst College, Georgetown University, Princeton University, and Columbia University. In addition, he served as the principal consultant to PBS and the BBC for their award-winning series "The Brain" and "The Mind", and he lectured for The Great Courses' series on Philosophy. He was on the Board of Consulting Scholars of Princeton University's James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions and was a Senior Fellow of BYU's Wheatley Institution.

Social sciences came forth from the moral philosophy of the time and was influenced by the Age of Revolutions, such as the Industrial revolution and the French revolution.Adam Kuper and Jessica Kuper, The Social Science Encyclopedia (1985) The beginnings of the social sciences in the 18th century are reflected in the grand encyclopedia of Diderot, with articles from Rousseau and other pioneers. Around the start of the 20th century, Enlightenment philosophy was challenged in various quarters. After the use of classical theories since the end of the scientific revolution, various fields substituted mathematics studies for experimental studies and examining equations to build a theoretical structure.

Particularly since the recovery of a great portion of Aristotelian writings in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, it became clear that, in addition to Aristotle's writings on logic, which had already been known, there were numerous others roughly having to do with natural philosophy, moral philosophy, and metaphysics. These areas provided the structure for the philosophy curriculum of the emerging universities. The general assumption was that the most 'scientific' branches of philosophy were those that were more theoretical and therefore more widely applicable. During the Renaissance too, many thinkers saw these as the main philosophical areas, with logic providing a training of the mind to approach the other three.

Ross joined the army in 1915. During World War I, he worked in the Ministry of Munitions and was a major on the special list. He was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1918 in recognition of his services during the war, and was promoted to a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1938.Cooley, Ken. Sir David Ross's pluralistic theory of duty (the beginnings) Ross was White's Professor of Moral Philosophy (1923–1928), Provost of Oriel College, Oxford (1929–1947), Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford from 1941 to 1944 and Pro-Vice-Chancellor (1944–1947).

Randolph also began attending the University of Virginia in Charlottesville near his home during his naval service in 1837, perhaps while recovering from tuberculosis contracted during his naval voyages (which went into a very long remission but which ultimately proved fatal). Randolph read the law with an established lawyer, probably in part guided by George Tucker, who was a professor of moral philosophy at the University of Virginia (at which his eldest brother Thomas Jefferson Randolph was rector) and also wrote the first widely read biography of Thomas Jefferson (in 1837) and various treatises about economics and slavery before retiring from the faculty and moving to Philadelphia in 1845.

Evelyn B. Pluhar-Adams is an American philosopher specialising in moral philosophy and the philosophy of mind, especially concerning the moral status of animals. She is the author of the 1995 book Beyond Prejudice: The Moral Significance of Human and Nonhuman Animals, which was published by Duke University Press. In Beyond Prejudice, Pluhar explores the argument from marginal cases, rejecting arguments that present humans as uniquely morally significant, and argues for an account of animal rights built upon ethical rationalism. She studied for a bachelor's degree in philosophy at the University of Denver before going on to read for a doctorate in philosophy at the University of Michigan.

He further posits that an action is ethical if the results would be positive if everyone took that action and the results would not be negative if no one took that action. According to Richard Flathman, Singer's 1961 book, Generalization in Ethics – An Essay in the Logic of Ethics, with the Rudiments of a System of Moral Philosophy, was, at its publication, the "most detailed study of the topic" of generalization of the universalizability principle.Flathman (1967), p. 39. According to his profile in the Encyclopedia of Ethics, Singer's "writings also include important work on the moral philosophies of" John Stuart Mill and Henry Sidgwick.

Tom Lamar Beauchamp (born 1939) is an American philosopher specializing in the work of David Hume, moral philosophy, bioethics, and animal ethics. He is Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at Georgetown University, where he was Senior Research Scholar at the Kennedy Institute of Ethics. Beauchamp authored or co- authored several books on ethics and on Hume, including Hume and the Problem of Causation (1981, with Alexander Rosenberg), Principles of Biomedical Ethics (1985, with James F. Childress), and The Human Use of Animals (1998, with F. Barbara Orlans et al). He is the co-editor with R. G. Frey of The Oxford Handbook of Animal Ethics (2011).

Andrej Dudrovich was born in Serbia, then part of the Austrian Empire before emigrating to Imperial Russia. Like many intellectuals of his generation who received an education abroad, he became influenced by Immanuel Kant's moral teachings. His chief work was a doctoral dissertation dealing with Kant while in the class of Johann Baptist Schad (1758-1834), a Benedictine monk who converted to Protestanism and became one of Kant's desciples in Imperial Russia. Dudrovich was a teacher at the Kharkov gymnasium, and from 1813 he was invited at Kharkov University, first as a lecturer in the department of logic, ethics or moral philosophy and natural law.

However, the town council appointed Cleghorn to the position on 5 June 1745. Hume was an atheist, and it is known that many of the ministers of Edinburgh opposed his appointment to the Chair's position, and petitioned the town council, describing Hume as amoral, an atheist, and a sceptic. It has been suggested that a clique of people who disliked Hume's personal beliefs arranged for Cleghorn to be given the Chair's position at the University. However, some historians believe that Cleghorn was appointed to the position, not because of rivalry based on personal beliefs, but rather because of rivalry between two competing schools of thought on moral philosophy.

University of California, Berkeley In 1979 Williams was elected Provost of King's, a position he held until 1987. He spent a semester in 1986 at the University of California, Berkeley as Mills Visiting Professor and in 1988 left England to become Monroe Deutsch Professor of Philosophy there, announcing to the media that he was leaving as part of the "brain drain" of British academics to America. He was also Sather Professor of Classical Literature at Berkeley in 1989; Shame and Necessity (1995) grew out of his six Sather lectures. Williams returned to England in 1990 as White's Professor of Moral Philosophy at Oxford and fellow of Corpus Christi.

John Charles Harsanyi (; May 29, 1920 – August 9, 2000) was a Hungarian- American Nobel Prize laureate economist. He is best known for his contributions to the study of game theory and its application to economics, specifically for his developing the highly innovative analysis of games of incomplete information, so-called Bayesian games. He also made important contributions to the use of game theory and economic reasoning in political and moral philosophy (specifically utilitarian ethics) as well as contributing to the study of equilibrium selection. For his work, he was a co-recipient along with John Nash and Reinhard Selten of the 1994 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.

The term "open source", as used to describe software, was first proposed by a group of people in the free software movement who were critical of the political agenda and moral philosophy implied in the term "free software" and sought to reframe the discourse to reflect a more commercially minded position. Moreover, the ambiguity of the term "free software" was seen as discouraging business adoption. The group included Christine Peterson, Todd Anderson, Larry Augustin, Jon Hall, Sam Ockman, Michael Tiemann and Eric S. Raymond. Peterson suggested "open source" at a meeting held at Palo Alto, California, in reaction to Netscape's announcement in January 1998 of a source code release for Navigator.

This points towards a productive interpenetration of the validity dimensions, for example the use of moral insights by the sciences without their having to sacrifice theoretical rigor, or the inclusion of psychological data into resources of moral philosophy. These last points concerning the breadth of communicative rationality have by far the most important implications. By differentiating the three validity dimensions and holding them as equally valuable and rational, a broader and multifaceted conception of rationality is opened. What this means is that Habermas has, through the formal pragmatic analysis of communication, revealed that rationality should not be limited to the consideration and resolution of objective concerns.

Mencke obtained his doctorate at the University of Leipzig in August 1666 with a thesis entitled: Ex Theologia naturali - De Absoluta Dei Simplicitate, Micropolitiam, id est Rempublicam In Microcosmo Conspicuam. He is notable as being the founder of the very first scientific journal in Germany, established 1682, entitled Acta Eruditorum. He was a professor of moral philosophy at the University of Leipzig, but is more famous for his scientific genealogy that produced a fine lineage of mathematicians that includes notables such as Carl Friedrich Gauss and David Hilbert. The Mathematics Genealogy Project database records more than 102,000 () mathematicians and other scientists in his lineage.

Kimball, Bruce A., The True Professional Ideal in America: A History, Rowman & Littlefield, 1996; Appendix 2 He introduced Enlightenment math and science and Johnson's moral philosophy into the curriculum, while retaining its Puritan theology. He also helped found the Linonian Society in 1753, a literary and debating society and one of Yale's oldest secret societies. He personally built the first Orrery in America, a milestone of American science, and awarded his friend Benjamin Franklin an honorary degree. His educational accomplishments were marred by many political, theological, and polity conflicts, with first the New Light faction in Connecticut, then the Anglicans, then the Old Light faction.

After the publication of The Autograph Man, Smith visited the United States as a Fellow of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University.2002–2003 Radcliffe Institute Fellows She started work on a still- unreleased book of essays, The Morality of the Novel (a.k.a. Fail Better), in which she considers a selection of 20th-century writers through the lens of moral philosophy. Some portions of this book presumably appear in the essay collection Changing My Mind, published in November 2009.Jennifer Hodgson, "Interview with Zadie Smith", The White Review, Issue 15, December 2015. Smith's third novel, On Beauty, was published in September 2005.

Born Antonin- Dalmace, he took the name Antonin-Gilbert when he entered the Dominican order. In 1893 he founded the Revue Thomiste and later became professor of moral philosophy at the Institut Catholique de Paris. Henri Daniel-Rops wrote that it was rumored that President Raymond Poincaré asked Léon-Adolphe Cardinal Amette, Archbishop of Paris, for a reply to Pope Benedict XV's peace proposals, and that Amette passed the request along to Sertillanges; in any event, Amette gave his imprimatur to this reply on 5 December 1917, five days before it was made public. In The Heroic Life,La vie héroïque, Third Series, 1916, esp. pp. 166--184.

See Consideraciones sobre la dogmática jurídica, México, 1974; and Algunos modelos metodológicos de "ciencia" jurídica, Valencia, 1980. This signaled the beginning of his philosophical investigations, which were always oriented to practical issues, and marked by a distinctively analytical approach. His need to provide a liberal justification for criminal law practice thus lead him to moral philosophy, and to the development of an original "consensual" theory of punishment which combined the merits of the retributive and utilitarian (see deterrence) varieties while avoiding their respective difficulties.See Towards a General Strategy for Criminal Law Adjudication, unpublished Ph.D. thesis 1977; revised Spanish translation, Los límites de la responsabilidad penal, Buenos Aires, 1980.

For a heart so feeling as yours this was the severest of trials, > and nothing but time can bring consolation under circumstances so > afflicting. Strength of mind in enfeebled by griefs of this nature; but, my > friend, one ought not to suffer it to be entirely extinguished, for it is > the duty of a sensible man to cherish the heavenly fire with which we are > endowed by Providence. Despite moral philosophy I weep with you, and glory > in the human weakness of mingling my tears with those of a friend I so > tenderly love. My dear Charles ought, ere this, to have received my answer > to the touching letter he wrote.

Although the treatise he valued above anything else he wrote was never, at least in his own lifetime, recognised for what he believed was its true worth,Throughout his life, Hazlitt held this to be his most original work. Its thesis is that, contrary to the prevailing belief of the moral philosophy of the time, benevolent actions are not modifications of an underlying fundamental human selfishness. The fundamental tendency of the human mind is, in a particular sense, disinterest. That is, an interest in the future welfare of others is no less natural to us than such an interest in our own future welfare.

The author attempts to exhibit the universe as a whole: terrestrial unity, solidarity of the living, the existence of a human race, united in its diversity, arriving in conclusion at a moral: Natural obligation of cosmic and human solidarity. In a second work, Benrubi studied at depth the great movements of moral philosophy in a manuscript of more than 600 pages, that is archived at the Bibliothèque de Genève, in which the essential ideas of the sceptics, relativists and utilitarians are analyzed in detail and compared - from the Greek Sophists to Max Stirner and Herbert Spencer, passing through Montaigne, Blaise Pascal, La Rochefoucauld, and Helvétius, among others (J. H. Zeilberger).

Asa Mahan (1799–1889) accepted the position of first president of the Oberlin Collegiate Institute in 1835, simultaneously serving as the chair of intellectual and moral philosophy and a professor of theology. Mahan's liberal views towards abolition—immediatism, the immediate and complete freeing of all slaves—greatly influenced the philosophy of the newly founded college; likewise, only two years after its founding, the school began admitting African Americans, becoming the second college in the United States to do so, and the oldest still existing. The college had some difficult beginnings, and Rev. John Keep and William Dawes were sent to England to raise funds for the college in 1839–40.

As of Fall 2006, she holds the Abraham I. Melden Chair in Moral Philosophy at the University of California, Irvine. She has been a visiting teacher and researcher at many academic institutions including Princeton University, the Institute for Advanced Study, the University of Pennsylvania, Indiana University, Wolfson College, Oxford, Technische Universität Dresden, King's College London, and the Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study in the Social Sciences, and regularly gives invited lectures in the United States, Europe, and elsewhere. Gilbert was married to noted philosopher Saul Kripke and is the sister of famed British historian Sir Martin Gilbert. In 2016, Margaret Gilbert was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Alfonso Gómez-Lobo (January 1, 1940 – December 31, 2011) was a professor of metaphysics and moral philosophy at Georgetown University known for his critical evaluations of modern-day ethics. He was a member of The President's Council on Bioethics of the United States. Born in Viña del Mar, Chile in 1940, Gomez-Lobo studied at the Catholic University of Valparaiso in Santiago, Chile, the University of Athens in Greece and three German universities: the University of Tübingen, the University of Munich and the University of Heidelberg. He completed his PhD in Munich in Philosophy, Classic and Ancient History in 1966, graduating magna cum laude.

The ideological strictness of the New Life Movement had many similarities with Neo-Confucianism, which had been the dominant moral philosophy of previous centuries. The New life Movement “four virtues” were taken from Confucian school of thought. Paul Linebarger had stated that “its [the New Life Movement’s] principles consist of a simple restatement of the cardinal Confucian personal virtues, interpreted to suit modern conditions.”Paul M. A. Linebarger, Government in Republican China, (New York: McGraw Hill, 1938) p. 61. The historian Lloyd Eastman saw Chiang's goal as unifying China under a singular ideology, a fascist one at that, with the resulting New Life Movement being a popularized or a “sloganized Confucianism”.

While even German readers can find Adorno's work difficult to understand, an additional problem for English readers is that his German idiom is particularly difficult to translate into English. A similar difficulty of translation is true of Hegel, Heidegger, and a number of other German philosophers and poets. As a result, some early translators tended toward over-literalness. In recent years, Edmund Jephcott and Stanford University Press have published new translations of some of Adorno's lectures and books, including Introduction to Sociology, Problems of Moral Philosophy and his transcribed lectures on Kant's Critique of Pure Reason and Aristotle's "Metaphysics", and a new translation of the Dialectic of Enlightenment.

Liber acerbe etatis, XIV sec., Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, pluteo 38v 01 Incipit of Acerba, 1484 Cecco d'Ascoli left many works in manuscript, most of which have never been published. The book by which he achieved his renown and which led to his death was the Acerba (from acervus), an encyclopaedic poem, of which in 1546, the date of the last reprint, more than twenty editions had been issued. It is a compendium for the contemporary natural science of the time, including "the order and influences of the heavens, the characteristics and properties of animals and precious stones, the causes of phenomena such as meteors and earthquakes—and of commonplace moral philosophy".

In volume 53 (1978) of Philosophy, the journal of the Royal Institute of Philosophy, J. L. Mackie published an article entitled The Law of the Jungle: Moral Alternatives and Principles of Evolution, praising Dawkins's The Selfish Gene, and discussing how its ideas might be applied to moral philosophy. Midgley responded in volume 54 (1979) with "Gene-Juggling," arguing that The Selfish Gene was about psychological egoism, rather than evolution.Midgley 1979. The paper criticised Dawkins' concepts. Midgley argued that while Dawkins purports to be talking about genes—that is, chemical arrangements—he nonetheless slides over to saying that "we are born selfish" (The Selfish Gene, p. 3).

299–300 were connected to Johnson's American Practical Idealism moral philosophy. Three members of the Committee of Five who edited the Declaration of Independence were closely connected to Johnson: his educational partner, promoter, friend, and publisher Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania, his King's College student Robert R. Livingston of New York, and his son William Samuel Johnson's legal protegee and Yale treasurer Roger Sherman of Connecticut. Johnson's son William Samuel Johnson was the Chairman of the Committee of Style that wrote the U.S. Constitution: edits to a draft version"Report of the Committee of Style ", Retrieved on September 2, 2013 are in his hand in the Library of Congress.

In some ways, Renaissance humanism was not a philosophy but a method of learning. In contrast to the medieval scholastic mode, which focused on resolving contradictions between authors, Renaissance humanists would study ancient texts in the original and appraise them through a combination of reasoning and empirical evidence. Humanist education was based on the programme of 'Studia Humanitatis', the study of five humanities: poetry, grammar, history, moral philosophy and rhetoric. Although historians have sometimes struggled to define humanism precisely, most have settled on "a middle of the road definition... the movement to recover, interpret, and assimilate the language, literature, learning and values of ancient Greece and Rome".

Dnyaneshwar's moral philosophy comes out in his exposition of the 13th of Bhagavad Gita, in his commentary on the book Dnyaneshwari. He considers humility; non–injury in action, thought and words; forbearance in the face of adversity; dispassion towards sensory pleasures; purity of heart and mind; love of solitude and devotion towards one's Guru and God as virtues; and their corresponding moral opposites as vices. A pessimistic view of one's life is considered as a necessary condition for spiritual growth in Dnyaneshwari. Dnyaneshwar writes that saints do not perceive distinctions and are humble because they identify all objects, animate or inanimate, with their own Self.

By 1780 he was once more in the Netherlands, having resigned his connection to Dr. John Sims, for many years the leading accoucheur in London, and retired to follow his studies in moral philosophy. They rented the mansion of Zuylestein, where they dwelt until the invasion by the French republicans in 1795. After a time at Colchester they settled at Bath, Somerset. Cogan rented a farm at South Wraxall, near Bradford-on-Avon and studied agriculture; when he left Bath he took farms at Clapton and at Woodford, and at the time of his death he was the tenant of a farm near Southampton. Mrs.

It is a treatise on moral philosophy, intended to direct the education of those destined to fill high positions, and to inculcate those moral principles which alone could fit them for the performance of their duties. The subject was a favourite one in the 16th century, and the book, which contained many citations from classical authors, was very popular. Elyot expressly acknowledges his obligations to Erasmus's Institutio Principis Christiani but he makes no reference to the De regno et regis institutione of Francesco Patrizzi (died 1494), bishop of Gaeta, on which his work was undoubtedly modelled. As a prose writer, Elyot enriched the English language with many new words.

Many practitioners instead use the term "Ginen" to describe the broader framework of their beliefs; this term refers particularly to a moral philosophy and ethical code regarding how to live and to serve the spirits. Many of the religion's practitioners will not describe themselves as an adherent of a distinct religion but rather will describe how they sèvi lwa ("serve the lwa"). Outside of Haiti, the term Vodou refers to the entirety of traditional Haitian religious practice. Originally written as vodun, it is first recorded in Doctrina Christiana, a 1658 document written by the King of Allada's ambassador to the court of Philip IV of Spain.

Along with Moral Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind and Logic (originally called Logic and the Philosophy of the Human Mind) was one of two Philosophy chairs established at the founding of University College London. The first Mind and Logic professorship was awarded to John Hoppus, a Congregational minister, who held the position from 1830 to 1866. George Grote, one of the college's founders and a member of its governing council, objected to the appointment on the grounds that the college was intended to be non-sectarian and that therefore a philosophy chair should not be held by a minister of religion. Because of this incident, Grote resigned from the council in 1830.

Kant expressed extreme dissatisfaction with the popular moral philosophy of his day, believing that it could never surpass the level of hypothetical imperatives: a utilitarian says that murder is wrong because it does not maximize good for those involved, but this is irrelevant to people who are concerned only with maximizing the positive outcome for themselves. Consequently, Kant argued, hypothetical moral systems cannot persuade moral action or be regarded as bases for moral judgments against others, because the imperatives on which they are based rely too heavily on subjective considerations. He presented a deontological moral system, based on the demands of the categorical imperative, as an alternative.

In her role as tutor for the PPE school, Taylor taught the general and moral philosophy courses and special papers for PPE final examinations, and also taught elementary formal logic to first year undergraduates. Her own research has focused on moral psychology, with a particular interest in the ‘ordinary’ vices traditionally seen as death to the soul. Her best-known works are probably Pride, Shame and Guilt (Oxford University Press 1985) and Deadly Vices (Clarendon Press 2006), which examine the beliefs involved in the experience of these emotions. Tom Hurka described Deadly Vices as 'deeply illuminating ... she takes the neo-Aristotelian view of virtue further than any other writer I know'.

Renwick was born at 32 Kelvin Drive, Glasgow, on 6 January 1889, the youngest of five children of Jane Renwick (née Lindsay), a teacher of English, and William Kirkwood Renwick, a mercantile clerk. Raised in the family home at 12 Arlington Street, Glasgow, he was educated at the local Woodside School. Although, Renwick always maintained strong links with Glasgow, he had a strong affinity to the Borders where his paternal grandfather was a shepherd near Garvald. In October 1907, he enrolled at the University of Glasgow and graduated with an ordinary MA degree on 10 June 1910 having taken classes in mathematics, logic, and moral philosophy.

Abraham J. Malherbe (1930 - September 28, 2012) was a distinguished South African-American biblical scholar and theologian. He taught at Yale Divinity School from 1970 until 1994, and was named Buckingham Distinguished Professor of New Testament Criticism and Interpretation in 1981. Malherbe was a prolific author and made major contributions in several areas. He is best known for his work in Hellenistic moral philosophy, especially cynic philosophy and Graeco- Roman moral exhortation, and the ways in which it influenced the Pauline tradition and early Christianity more widely. His “Hellenistic Moralists and the New Testament” (ANRW) was the most cited forthcoming article in the history of New Testament studies.

The persecution of Falun Gong is the antireligious campaign initiated in 1999 by the Communist Party of China to eliminate the spiritual practice of Falun Gong in China, which maintains a doctrine of state atheism. It is characterized by a multifaceted propaganda campaign, a program of enforced ideological conversion and re-education and reportedly a variety of extralegal coercive measures such as arbitrary arrests, forced labor and physical torture, sometimes resulting in death. Falun Gong is a modern qigong discipline combining slow-moving exercises and meditation with a moral philosophy. It was founded by Li Hongzhi, who introduced it to the public in May 1992 in Changchun, Jilin.

Gabrielle Suchon (December 24, 1632 in Semur-en-Auxois – March 5, 1703 in Dijon) was a French moral philosopher who participated in debates about the social, political and religious condition of women in the early modern era. Her most prominent works are the Traité de la morale et de la politique (Treatise on Morality and Politics) and Du célibat volontaire (On the Celibate Life Freely Chosen). Suchon is considered to be the first philosopher to produce a significant body of work dedicated solely to the topic of women. Suchon's writing is unique because she specifically addresses women, as opposed to most moral philosophy of the time whose primary audience was men.

The Religion of Nature Delineated is a book by Anglican cleric William Wollaston that describes a system of ethics that can be discerned without recourse to revealed religion. It was first published in 1722, two years before Wollaston's death. Due to its influence on eighteenth-century philosophy and his promotion of a Natural Religion, the book claims for Wollaston a ranking as one of the great British Enlightenment philosophers, along with John Locke, George Berkeley, and David Hume. It contributed to the development of two important intellectual schools: British Deism, and the pursuit of happiness moral philosophy of American Practical Idealism which appears in the United States Declaration of Independence.

He holds a BSc in Geography, submajoring in moral philosophy and psychology from the University of Aberdeen (1977), a financial MBA from the University of Edinburgh (1981), and in 2008 the Academy of Irish Cultural Heritages (of which he is a Visiting Fellow) at the University of Ulster approved the award of PhD by Published Work based on Soil and Soul and twelve supporting publications presented with a short linking thesis, 'Some Contributions of Liberation Theology to Community Empowerment in Scottish Land Reform 1991-2003'.Alastair McIntosh earns a PhD by publication Parts of this were published in 2008 as Schumacher Briefing No. 15: 'Rekindling Community: Connecting People, Environment and Spirituality'.

Brook has gained much attention for his application of Objectivist moral philosophy to the question of American foreign policy, particularly on the Middle East. He advocates an American foreign policy of rational self-interest that would serve only to protect the rights of Americans, as opposed to any form of government monetary aid, state-building, or spreading democracy. He has criticized the foreign policy of Ron Paul and other libertarians. He advocates the withdrawal of US troops from Europe, and US withdrawal from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the United Nations, calling the latter "one of the most immoral institutions ever created by man".

Grotius developed pivotal treatises on freedom of the seas, the law of spoils, the laws of war and peace and he created an autonomous place for international law as its own discipline. Jean Barbeyrac's Historical and Critical Account of the Science of Morality, attached to his translation of Samuel von Pufendorf's Law of Nature and Nations in 1706, praised Grotius as "the first who broke the ice" of "the Scholastic Philosophy; which [had] spread itself all over Europe" (1749: 67, 66).Darwall, Stephen (2013). Grotius at the Creation of Modern Moral Philosophy in Honor, History, and Relationship: Essays in Second- Personal Ethics II, p.

216 Adam Smith, in lectures delivered in 1762 on the subject of moral philosophy and the law of nations, said that: "Jurisprudence is that science which inquires into the general principles which ought to be the foundation of laws of all nations. Grotius seems to have been the first who attempted to give the world anything like a regular system of natural jurisprudence, and his treatise, 'On the Laws of War and Peace, ' with all its imperfections, is perhaps at this day the most complete work on this subject."Kuiper, Kathleen (2010). The Britannica Guide to Theories and Ideas That Changed the Modern World, p.

Newey blogged regularly for the London Review of Books on a range of topics including UK and overseas politics, university politics, finance and culture, taking a strongly critical stance against free-market capitalism and the marketising of higher education. His journalistic articles were often informal in vein; in one article entitled As Useful as a String Condom Newey criticised the British Royal Family as being of no use any more in modern Britain. His journalistic output also included film and theatre reviews, as well as review essays on political and moral philosophy, and cultural criticism. He was also a strong defender of free speech and of academic freedom.

He was the son of a Scottish farmer. Born in Galloway, in the parish of Kilpatrick-Durham, he received the rudiments of his education in the parish schools, and in his twenty-second year entered the University of Edinburgh, where he obtained prizes in Latin and in moral philosophy, distinguishing himself by his facility in Latin composition, and studying theology and church history under Chalmers and Welch. In 1836 he was ordained a minister of the church of Scotland, and in the same year was sent out to Madras as a missionary. The branch of missionary work to which Anderson devoted himself, was education.

Engel was born and died in Parchim, in the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. He studied theology at Rostock and Bützow,See entries of Johann Jakob Engel in Rostock Matrikelportal and philosophy at Leipzig, where he took his doctors' degree. In 1776 he was appointed professor of moral philosophy and belles- lettres in the Joachimstal gymnasium at Berlin, and a few years later he became tutor to the crown prince of Prussia, afterwards Frederick William III. The lessons which he gave his royal pupil in ethics and politics were published in 1798 under the title Fürstenspiegel ("Mirror for Princes"), and are a favourable specimen of his powers as a popular philosophical writer.

The main accusations Hegel charged Kant's philosophy with were formalism (or 'abstractism') and irrationality. In Hegel's view the entire project of setting a "transcendental subject" apart from nature, history, and society was fundamentally flawed, although parts of that very project could be put to good use in a new direction, that Hegel called the "absolute idealism". Similar concerns moved Hegel's criticisms to Kant's concept of moral autonomy, to which Hegel opposed an ethic focused on the "ethical life" of the community.Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Natural Law: The Scientific Ways of Treating Natural Law, Its Place in Moral Philosophy, and Its Relation to the Positive Sciences. trans.

Immanuel Kant Kant developed his moral philosophy in three works: Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals (1785), Critique of Practical Reason (1788), and Metaphysics of Morals (1797). In Groundwork, Kant' tries to convert our everyday, obvious, rationalThe distinction between rational and philosophical knowledge is given in the Preface to the Groundwork, 1785. knowledge of morality into philosophical knowledge. The latter two works used "practical reason", which is based only on things about which reason can tell us, and not deriving any principles from experience, to reach conclusions which can be applied to the world of experience (in the second part of The Metaphysics of Morals).

The founders of the Adelaide University (1875 engraving, Illustrated Australian News for Home Readers) Mitchell Building, University of Adelaide (with man and penny farthing bicycle) & the Mortlock Library, North Terrace, Adelaide (looking West), 1879–1886 The University of Adelaide was established on 6 November 1874 after a £20,000 donation by grazier and copper miner Walter Watson Hughes, along with support and donations from Thomas Elder. The first Chancellor was Sir Richard Hanson and the first vice-chancellor was Augustus Short. The first degree offered was the Bachelor of Arts and the university started teaching in March 1876. John Davidson was the first Hughes professor of English literature and mental and moral philosophy.

He married Isabella (died 8 November 1703, aged 70), who was the daughter of Robert Cunningham, minister of Holywood, Ireland, and had issue — William, professor of moral philosophy in the University of Edinburgh, founder of the family of Law of Elvingston, East Lothian. John Law's vault William built a tomb for his parents in Greyfriars Kirkyard. The inscription reads: :Memoriae optimorum parentum, D. Joannis Law, ecclesiae apud Edinensis pastoris prudentissimi, vigilantis- simi, purioris religionis studio & pietate non fucata insignis; et Isabella Cuninghame, conjugis amantissimae, vera sanctitate & placidi ac sedati animi ornamento conspicuae; qui mortalitatem exuerunt, ad immortalis vitae gaudia nitentes; ille 26 die Decembris, anno Dom. 1712, aetatis suae 80 ; haec 8 die Novembris, anno Dom.

David Albert, a philosophy professor at Columbia University, has described the book in a New York Times review as "brilliant and exhilarating" but presenting, instead of a "tight, grand, cumulative system of ideas," a "great, wide, learned, meandering conversation". He also states that Deutsch does not present "a live scientific hypothesis," but "[a] mood informed by profound and imaginative reflection on the best and most advanced science we have". Doug Johnstone writes in The Independent that Deutsch's "examination of the multiverse theory of quantum physics is great. But when he tries to apply his ideas to aesthetics, cultural creativity and moral philosophy, he seems on shakier ground and is less commanding as a result".

Simpson was the builder and founder of the major library of the institution. In 1613 he erected and endowed a hospital in Temple St., Bristol, called the Temple Hospital, for eight men and two women, and one man and one woman were afterwards added by himself. In 1622 he gave to Bristol houses in Gray's Inn Lane, London, to support various charities. He had friendly relations with the Merchant Taylors' Company; White in his will made the company nominators to eight out of the twenty places provided in his almshouses at Sion College, and the company were also connected as auditors with the moral philosophy lecture which he had founded at Oxford in 1621.

Many people believe a technological singularity is possible without adopting Singularitarianism as a moral philosophy. Although the exact numbers are hard to quantify, Singularitarianism is a small movement, which includes transhumanist philosopher Nick Bostrom. Inventor and futurist Ray Kurzweil, who predicts that the Singularity will occur circa 2045, greatly contributed to popularizing Singularitarianism with his 2005 book The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology . With the support of NASA, Google and a broad range of technology forecasters and technocapitalists, the Singularity University opened in June 2009 at the NASA Research Park in Silicon Valley with the goal of preparing the next generation of leaders to address the challenges of accelerating change.

Robert Garner (2013), who reviewed Sentientist Politics for Perspectives on Politics. Sentientist Politics was reviewed by Tore Fougner, a scholar of international relations, for Global Policy, the political theorist Robert Garner for Perspectives on Politics; the philosopher Kyle Johannsen for the Journal of Moral Philosophy, the philosopher Federico Zuolo for Constellations, and the legal theorist John Adenitire for Jurisprudence. Fougner praised the book, saying that "Undoubtedly, [Cochrane] argues very well and with great clarity, systematically supporting his ideas and proposals with chains of arguments, while acknowledging difficulties and engaging with possible objections throughout. Overall, the book makes a significant contribution to the 'political turn' in Animal Ethics, which he and others have promoted for some time".

The first scene of the series is somehow an overall conception of the events and also the moral philosophy of the story, the scene set in a local cafe in Sayala, and then starts the monologue-wise conversation between an old man (A'am Asaliya) and a falsely claimed reporter, the old man spoke frankly and modestly about his long stay in the urban area, his views on the people and how poverty sometimes might create a cooperative little communities and more strong beliefs and ethics, though, the evil always come from many ways. There are many scenes in almost every episode in the show which we can find portraits of these thoughts or even through a blunt dramatic dialogue.

Dunn once mused, "The real value of colleges and universities is not to be estimated by the magnitude of buildings or endowments, but by the increase of mental power and moral force." Dunn taught at Geauga Seminary (where he taught future president James Garfield and First Lady Lucretia Garfield), and he was a professor at Central Michigan College in Spring Arbor, MI, which later moved and was renamed Hillsdale College. He was the first President (1876–1879) as well as professor of mental and moral philosophy at Rio Grande College. He was later the president of Hillsdale College, Michigan, its dean, Burr professor of Christian Theology, and professor emeritus of moral theology.

After studying law in his home town, in 1839 he became Professor of Moral Philosophy, Logic and Grammar at the University of Seville. In 1853, he was elected a Deputy for the Province of Zaragoza and, in 1864, was named a Senator for life. Following the Revolution of 1868, he retired from politics and did not return to elected office until after the Bourbon Restoration when he was chosen as a Senator for the Province of Córdoba and reaffirmed as a Senator for life in 1877. He served as Minister of Justice from 1874 to 1875 during the government of Antonio Cánovas and abolished numerous laws that had been enacted during the Sexenio Democrático.

33-35 It is often assumed that John would have absorbed the thought of Aquinas, to explain the scholastic framework of his writings. However, the belief that John was taught at both the Carmelite College of San Andrès and at the University of Salamanca has been challenged.By L. Rodríguez-San Pedro Bezares, 'La Formación Universitaria de Juan de la Cruz', Actas del Congreso Internacional Sanjuanista (Valladolid, 1993) Bezares calls into question whether John even studied theology at the University of Salamanca. The philosophy courses John probably took in logic, natural and moral philosophy, can be reconstructed, but Bezares argues that John in fact abandoned his studies at Salamanca in 1568 to join Teresa, rather than graduating.

This reflected the two BA honours courses in classics and mathematics (following Oxford and Cambridge) and the course in theology, leading to the Licence in Theology (LTh). There were also readers in law (William Gray), medicine (William Cooke), history (Thomas Greenwood), natural philosophy (Charles Thomas Whitley) and moral philosophy (J. Miller), and lecturers in Modern languages (James Hamilton), and chemistry and mineralogy (James Finlay Weir Johnston, FRSE). Unlike at Oxford and Cambridge, where the teaching was carried out by the colleges, the professors at Durham were expected to "have the charge of the studies in their respective departments and work as at Glasgow and the foreign Universities, and as they did at Oxford in old times".

Anna Lindsay was amongst its founders.K. D. Reynolds, ‘Lindsay , Anna (1845–1903)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 14 Oct 2017 Their third children in 1879 was Alexander Lindsay, 1st Baron Lindsay of Birker, who became a Professor of Moral Philosophy in the University of Glasgow, Master of Balliol College, and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford.Lindsay, Alexander Dunlop, 1st Baron Lindsay of Birker, in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography at oxforddnb.com(subscription site), accessed 20 June 2013 In 1889 she used her membership of the Liberal Party to form a local women's association that was known as the Glasgow and West of Scotland Women's Liberal Association.

Born in Providence, Rhode Island, Park was the son of Calvin Park (1774-1847) (a Congregational minister who was a professor from 1804 to 1825 at Brown University, and pastor at Stoughton, Massachusetts from 1826 to 1840). Edwards Amasa Park graduated at Brown University in 1826, was a teacher at Braintree for two years, and in 1831 graduated from Andover Theological Seminary. He was co-pastor (with R. S. Storrs) of the orthodox Congregational church of Braintree in 1831-1833; professor of mental and moral philosophy at Amherst in 1835; and Bartlet professor of sacred rhetoric (1836-1847), and Abbot professor of Christian theology (1847-1881) at Andover. He died at Andover on 4 June 1900.

Bain's autobiography, published in 1904, contains a full list of his works, and also the history of the last thirteen years of his life by Professor W. L. Davidson of the University of Aberdeen, who further contributed to Mind (April 1904) a review of Bain's services to philosophy. Further works include editions with notes of Paley's Moral Philosophy (1852); Education as a Science (1879); Dissertations on leading philosophical topics (1903, mainly reprints of papers in Mind); he collaborated with JS Mill and Grote in editing James Mill's Analysis of the Phenomena of the Human Mind (1869), and assisted in editing Grote's Aristotle and Minor Works; he also wrote a memoir prefixed to G Croom Robertson's Philosophical Remains (1894).

He thus threw in his lot with the Scottish philosophy, and his first dissertations are adaptations from Reid's Inquiry. In 1826 he wrote a preface to a translation of Stewart's Moral Philosophy, demonstrating the possibility of a scientific statement of the laws of consciousness; in 1828 he began a translation of the works of Reid, and in his preface estimated the influence of Scottish criticism upon philosophy, giving a biographical account of the movement from Francis Hutcheson onwards. In the following year he was returned to parlement by the arrondissement of Pontarlier; but the work of legislation was ill-suited to him. Yet he attended to his duties conscientiously, and ultimately broke his health in their discharge.

The lectures were dull and while, at the time, some people thought he had committed himself to a heretical view of the Trinity akin to Socinianism and Sabellianism,Carpenter, S.C. Church and People, 1789–1889 SPCK (1937) p. 148 serious questioning only started after the publication of his Observations on Religious Dissent in 1834 and wide-ranging outrage in 1836 after his nomination to the Regius Professorship of Divinity. In 1833 he moved from a tutorship at Oriel to become Principal of St Mary Hall and in 1834 he was appointed White's Professor of Moral Philosophy without any adverse commentChadwick, Owen The Victorian Church I Adam & Charles Black (1966) p. 115. in preference to Newman.

We then want to have it proved to > us that we ought to do so, i.e., to be convinced of this by a process which, > as an argument, is different in kind from our original and unreflective > appreciation of it. This demand IS, as I have argued, illegitimate. Hence in > the first place, if, as is almost universally the case, by Moral Philosophy > is meant the knowledge which would satisfy this demand, there is no such > knowledge, and all attempts to attain it are doomed to failure because they > rest on a mistake, the mistake of supposing the possibility of proving what > can only be apprehended directly by an act of moral thinking.

Otteson first became known for his writings on the ethics of Adam Smith. In his book, Adam Smith's Marketplace of Life (Cambridge University Press, 2002), he argued that Smith's moral philosophy proposed a "marketplace model" for the creation, development, and maintenance of large- scale human social orders, including morality. He also argues that this "market model" unifies Smith's two books, his 1759 Theory of Moral Sentiments and his 1776 Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, thereby providing a resolution to the long-standing "Adam Smith Problem." In 2005, Otteson won a prize from the Fund for the Study of Spontaneous Order, sponsored by the Atlas Economic Research Foundation.

Ever since the family actively took part in the politics of the region, protecting the city of Villena in favour of the Catholic Monarchs against the Pachecos, as well as serving to King Philip II in the defence of Malta and King Philip IV. Joaquín Maria studied Philosophy en the School of San Fulgencia de Murcia between 1811 and 1814, and law in the University of Orihuela, where he gained a Bachiller en Leyes in 1818 and a Licenciatura in 1821. While completing his studies he became chair of Moral Philosophy and Natural and Roman Law. Once the Trienio Liberal finished he went into exile to Montpellier escaping from Absolutism repression. In Montepellier he studied Sciences and Medicine.

Walker was the companion of Bentley's old age, and was introduced by Alexander Pope into the Dunciad' with his patron. In 1744 Walker was appointed professor of moral philosophy at Cambridge, and in 1745 he was nominated rector of Thorpland in Norfolk, a living which he exchanged in 1757 for that of Upwell. He was devoted to horticulture, and had a small garden within the precincts of Trinity College which was famous for exotic plants, including the pineapple, banana, coffee shrub, logwood tree, and torch thistle, which, with the aid of a hothouse, he was able to raise. On 16 July 1760 he purchased land from Richard Whish, a vintner, and on 25 Aug.

In 1864, less than a year after his inauguration, Cattell secured a $20,000 gift (equivalent to $ in dollars), from coal magnate Ario Pardee, which lead the charge for more donations to bring the college's assets from $40,000 to almost $900,000. Cattell later took a sabbatical with Pardee's son, Ario Pardee Jr. in Europe to learn the practices of their institutions and bring back some of their knowledge to implement at Lafayette. During his time as president, Cattell also taught courses in Mental and Moral Philosophy, and instituted a series of courses centered around the Bible. He also took on responsibility for the campus's literary and social clubs, as well as its religious obligations.

He was next Rector of Christ's Church, Cambridge, Mass., from Easter, 1829, to Easter, 1835. In 1831 an Episcopal Theological School was begun in Cambridge, and Coit was made Professor of Biblical Learning; this position he held (in connection with his rectorship) until he became in 1835 the President of Transylvania University, Lexington, Ky., and Morrison Professor of Metaphysics and Moral Philosophy. He published in 3 834 a duodecimo edition of the Bible, arranged in paragraphs and parallelisms, with annotations, which was republished in England; in the same year he received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from Columbia College, that of Doctor of Laws was conferred by Trinity College in 1853.

Population ethics is the philosophical study of the ethical problems arising when our actions affect who is born and how many people are born in the future. An important area within population ethics is population axiology, which is "the study of the conditions under which one state of affairs is better than another, when the states of affairs in question may differ over the numbers and the identities of the persons who ever live." Moral philosopher Derek Parfit brought population ethics to the attention of the academic community as a modern branch of moral philosophy in his seminal work Reasons and Persons in 1984. Discussions of population ethics are thus a relatively recent development in the history of philosophy.

Howison taught privately for a year and although he did not want to leave Boston, he accepted a position at the University of Michigan, which turned out to be not to his liking. At this time, the University of California decided to begin a philosophy program and recruited Howison, now 50 and a prominent voice in academia, as the Mills Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy and Civil Polity, and they invited Howison to create a philosophy program according to his own vision. Howison's extensive administrative experience along with his connections to the eastern and mid-western intellectual lights led to great success. Howison was also an inspiring teacher and so the program attracted students easily.

In moral philosophy, instrumental and intrinsic value are the distinction between what is a means to an end and what is as an end in itself. Things are deemed to have instrumental value if they help one achieve a particular end; intrinsic values, by contrast, are understood to be desirable in and of themselves. A tool or appliance, such as a hammer or washing machine, has instrumental value because it helps you pound in a nail or cleans your clothes. Happiness and pleasure are typically considered to have intrinsic value insofar as asking why someone would want them makes little sense: they are desirable for their own sake irrespective of their possible instrumental value.

He followed in 1827 with one of the country's first science fictions, A Voyage to the Moon: With Some Account of the Manners and Customs, Science and Philosophy, of the People of Morosofia, and Other Lunarians. Tucker was the first Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Virginia. In 1836 Tucker published the first comprehensive biography of Thomas Jefferson - The Life of Thomas Jefferson, Third President of the United States.McLean, Robert C., George Tucker, Moral Philosopher and Man of Letters, University of North Carolina Press, 1961 Some critics also regard Poe as a Southern author—he was raised in Richmond, attended the University of Virginia, and edited the Southern Literary Messenger from 1835 to 1837.

In October 1873, Greener accepted the professorship of mental and moral philosophy at the University of South Carolina, where he was the university's first African-American faculty member He also served as a librarian there helping to "reorganize and catalog the library's holdings which were in disarray after the Civil War" and wrote a monograph on the rare books of the library. His responsibilities included assisting in the departments of Latin and Greek and teaching classes in International Law and the Constitution of the United States. In 1875, Greener became the first African American to be elected a member of the American Philological Association, the primary academic society for classical studies in North America.

The original intention was to have similar journals published in many different cities throughout France; by September 1994, these failed to materialise, so "lyonnais" was dropped from the name. The journal used the subtitle "revue de lutte pour la libération animale" ("journal of the fight for animal liberation") from its original publication to 1996, before changing it to "réflexion et action pour l'égalité animale" ("reflection and action for animal equality") in 1998. As well as articles on moral philosophy, Cahiers antispécistes contained translated versions and commentaries of texts written by English-speaking animal rights authors, including Tom Regan and Peter Singer. It also included interviews with leaders within the radical animal rights movement.