It's applied to women who are freethinking and speak their minds.
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And it often tolerates and even nurtures ruggedly contrarian, freethinking spirits.
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The Moon is in freethinking Aquarius all day, encouraging us to be ourselves.
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The ghostly absence of books, and the freethinking they seed, is the nightmare.
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But Berkeley makes an extraordinary effort to stay true to its freethinking, iconoclastic roots.
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Mathilde de Morny (the appealing Denise Gough), a freethinking noblewoman who dressed as a man.
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The conflict between the freethinking artist and state censorship is one of Snider's points of interest.
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Also on Tuesday, your ruling planet, warrior Mars, enters freethinking Aquarius, giving you a dynamic edge.
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Freethinking people are bound to disagree occasionally, even if a vast majority of their values align.
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Certainly, in the arts maybe there was a little bit more freethinking and wanting to express their realities.
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His reputation among freethinking trumpet players is ironclad, a function of superhuman precision and a trailblazing technical vocabulary.
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Quietly and studiously, Mr. Mitchell has established himself as one of New York's most riveting and freethinking pianists.
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The book detailed the methods of a freethinking commune called the Farm where Gaskin and other midwives delivered babies.
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This is the Chocolate Factory, dedicated to freethinking, free-spirited artists, including many who wear the label of dance.
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I'm excited to share a glimpse of the reflective, creative, freethinking goofball of an artist who was my grandfather.
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It has contrasted a conservative, Catholic Poland and its family values with a godless, freethinking, gender-bending Western Europe.
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A freethinking firm makes its mark exploring the intersections between public and private, indoors and out, function and form.
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Jazz Quietly and studiously, Mr. Mitchell has established himself as one of New York's most riveting and freethinking pianists.
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Rana Dajani, a Jordanian scientist, reckons the biggest problem is "the lack of an environment that encourages freethinking and exploration".
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And this is why, despite lofty goals of freethinking, mess often fails in the moments it most needs to succeed.
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Just make sure you're discreet — otherwise, your boyfriend's "freethinking" stepbrother will turn dinner into a real-life Reddit comment thread.
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Mary, however, turns out to be pregnant; she moves to New York to live with her freethinking Aunt Julia (Billie Burke).
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This engagement, a respectful but freethinking spin through Parker's music, began the day after what would have been his 96th birthday.
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This engagement, a respectful but freethinking spin through Parker's music, begins the day after what would have been his 96th birthday.
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But the college town has made "an extraordinary effort to stay true to its freethinking, iconoclastic roots," our Frugal Traveler columnist writes.
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Jennifer Ehle co-stars as the poet's sister, Vinnie; Keith Carradine plays their father; Catherine Bailey plays Dickinson's freethinking friend Vryling Buffam.
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How do you reconcile the historical Joan, burned for heresy and canonized for faith, with Shaw's Joan, a martyr for the cause of freethinking?
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They are part of the Kremlin's plan to hand out plots of land in Russia's Far East, which has attracted some unusually freethinking settlers.
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The unusual way he combines freethinking liberalism with punctilious social conformity—in his manners, religious practice and otherwise—is a sort of extrapolation of it.
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The notion that Judaism is about diversity and pluralism reflects a multicultural, freethinking liberalism that is very congenial to the books' secular, English-speaking audience.
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And in addition to admiration among her freethinking peer group, Ms. Halvorson, 36, has earned the respect of more established rule-breakers like Mr. Zorn.
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I wrote previously in my review of Snider's show: The conflict between the freethinking artist and state censorship is one of Snider's points of interest.
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Trump also told the paper that he though it takes "more talent to do freethinking rallies," as opposed to reading off a script from a prompter.
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So is anyone surprised that things took an awkward turn when the film's freethinking cast did a live Q&A at Twitter with C.E.O. Jack Dorsey?
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The area has long been a magnet for dissenters and idealists, and the law has attracted some freethinking settlers, including Sergey Lunin and Aliona Dobrovolskaya, above.
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And he was prolific, authoring eight books, editing two more books and managing a website that promoted "freethinking," an atheist intellectual movement that frequently challenged organized religion.
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In this, he may remind you of dozens of characters, from Tevye to Archie Bunker, whose assumptions and worldview are challenged by changing times and freethinking daughters.
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For now, "Westworld" still works best as an idea-driven show, and "Virtù e Fortuna" latches onto a good one by considering how freethinking the hosts actually are.
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" His Dickinson is "a prickly, funny, freethinking intellectual, whose life is less a chronicle of withdrawal from the world than a series of explosive engagements with the universe.
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Russia Dispatch The Kremlin's plan to hand out plots of land in Russia's Far East, long a magnet for dissenters, idealists and oddballs, has attracted some unusually freethinking settlers.
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Just before the sun enters Pisces on Monday, you are presented with the opportunity to connect with a mentor, as the sun gently harmonizes with freethinking Uranus late Sunday night.
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The thought police want to suppress freedom of thought Overall, the throughline of Kanye's recent Twitter return, such as it is, seems to be freethinking mixed with a genuine hopefulness.
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"They have failed to successfully counter freethinking with ideology so the only tool at their disposal is violence," said Ms. Salmani, a journalist and political activist, in a telephone interview.
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But "election hacking" and "brainwashing" share an aura of dark magic that obscures the precise mechanics believed to be at work in shaping the thoughts and actions of freethinking adults.
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So Trump would enter the 2020 campaign with his base intact but also with the brand as a freethinking moderate who's at odds with the right wing of congressional Republicans.
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A few years later, she got to know the owners of Thema Selection, which was founded in 1972 by a group of freethinking friends from the city's then thriving squat scene.
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John McCain, who convinced the world he's a freethinking maverick despite a bog-standard ideological voting record (a feat Rubio would love to replicate), championed cap and trade in the aughts.
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A savvy, freethinking Czech woman living in Vienna and unhappily married to a philandering member of the city's literati, she was in her mid-twenties when she befriended Kafka, albeit from afar.
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Only by following the lead of Ortrud — here no wicked witch but a freethinking freedom fighter, as Mr. Sharon calls her — will Elsa free herself, by asking a question that the patriarchy bans.
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The situation has outraged fellow scientists, would-be entrepreneurs and others in Akademgorodok, a freethinking settlement of broad avenues, forested pathways and 35 Soviet-era research institutes near the Siberian city of Novosibirsk.
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It is also about his actions over the past few months where he's repeatedly made misinformed comments about slavery and then defended himself as a "freethinking" person being unfairly chastised by other African Americans.
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In this play by Miles Malleson, the second that the Mint Theater has staged, Lady Dare Bellingdon, a freethinking woman, finds herself in the middle of a closely fought Parliamentary contest in the 1920s.
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She wrote tons of music, including collaborating with other likeminded acts, including the freethinking punks in Show Me the Body and the harp and violin duo LEYA, whose Marilu Donovan also plays harp on IRISIRI.
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That she defied the norms helped her stand out in the Big Bang era of haute couture in Paris; that people bought it proved a wave of freethinking rabble-rousers were ready for a fashion revolution.
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I recently discovered Jenny Uglow's 2002 biography of the Lunar Men — a small group of freethinking intellectuals, whose members are responsible for the development of the steam engine and a cascade of other advances in science.
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While Ms. Stavisky's "Tableau d'une execution," a staging of Howard Barker's 1984 play "Scenes from an Execution," is more conventional in its form, its heroine Galactia, an uncompromising, freethinking painter in Renaissance Venice, remains a startling creation.
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And late last month Mr. Akhtar was back at the Burg for the local premiere of his 2014 drama "The Who & the What," about the patriarch of a Pakistani-American family and his freethinking and outspoken daughter.
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More often though, this means that Rogan&aposs show skews libertarian — or "freethinking" — with guests like Democratic candidate and entrepreneur Andrew Yang, journalist Tim Pool, and members of the "Intellectual Dark Web" like psychology professor Jordan Peterson.
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Born in Concord to a freethinking mother and a father who eventually became a prosperous pencil manufacturer, Thoreau entered Harvard as a retiring boy of 16 and emerged as a budding intellectual who read at least five languages.
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These days, the crumbling, graffiti-tagged church, whose freethinking founders helped modern Brazil rise from the ashes of an empire, is just another emblem of how Rio de Janeiro neglects its past, allowing grandeur to fall into ruin.
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"I wanted my unhappiness to be a result of defying convention — like a Hardy novel where I'd exceeded my society's allowance for freethinking and was now being punished," Peter fancies, lolling on vacation in Maine in his picturesque agony.
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Doug Peterson, a freethinking yacht designer who turned the offshore racing world on its head in the 21976s with breakthrough boats, and later contributed to the designs of two America's Cup winners, died on June 21982 in San Diego.
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Directed by Stéphane Aubier, Vincent Patar and Benjamin Renner, this 2012 Oscar-nominated French and Belgian production chronicles how the imposing but fundamentally gentle Ernest and the artistic, freethinking Celestine go on the lam together when society refuses to accept their unconventional friendship.
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Between 2013 and 2015, three religiously freethinking Indian writers and activists were shot dead near their homes by assailants who escaped on motorcycles: the doctor Narendra Dabholkar, in Pune; the politician Govind Pansare, in Kolhapur; and the scholar M.M. Kalburgi, in Dharwad.
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The romantically disappointed recluse of "The Belle of Amherst," William Luce's sturdy, sentimental play, has been replaced by a prickly, funny, freethinking intellectual, whose life is less a chronicle of withdrawal from the world than a series of explosive engagements with the universe.
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So in case you are a Kanye West fan (or even Kanye West himself) and are wondering who these right-wing chucklefucks clamoring to hitch onto the most influential rapper of a generation are, here is Noisey's handy guide to these dragon-energied, freethinking warriors.
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In the decade before, the queen had asserted herself as the patron of Iran's cultural avant-garde—hosting Andy Warhol in Tehran and laying the foundations for the commercial success of a generation of freethinking Iranian artists—as well as causes like rural literacy and environmental conservation.
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They chose instead an ear-grazing crop cut that until then had been worn only by willful, freethinking renegades — Bolsheviks, the Bloomsbury set, the up-and-coming Coco Chanel, Greenwich Village radicals, the fashion-forward ballroom dancer Irene Castle, who catapulted the bob into the American mainstream.
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You'll also find books on motherhood, embattled Iraqi women and the legacy of freethinking female writers, along with a magical story collection, a look at the new space race and, for people who haven't been paying attention, a memoir by James Comey about his time in government.
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Mr. Serra has managed to coax two legendary European actors out of retirement for the production: 79-year-old Ingrid Caven, Rainer Werner Fassbinder's wife and muse, plays an exiled French duchess and notorious libertine, and 73-year-old Helmut Berger, who appeared in several of Luchino Visconti's films, takes the role of a freethinking German duke.
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"She's again showing leadership by not taking a politically convenient position which would have been supporting 'Yes on C.'" Benioff, a city power player in his own right who has rubbed elbows with former mayors Willie Brown and the late Ed Lee, wants to pose himself as the opposite of a restrained politician: a freethinking businessperson with no political baggage and San Francisco's best interests at heart.
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Tosh, the son of Shirley and Wallace Berman, relates in mellow prose (I easily read the book over a weekend) his experience as a boy and young man within a freethinking circle of West Coast beat-hippie artists, writers, actors, and musicians who regarded art not as a profession, but as an integral part of their everyday lives that had little or nothing to do with the art market.
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Freethought Festival is a student-run freethinking convention held annually in Madison, Wisconsin by the student group Atheists, Humanists, and Agnostics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Speakers give talks relating to atheism, freethinking, skepticism, and other topics.
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Despite his freethinking stance, his connection with the Protestant movement has not been confirmed.
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The ceremony is broken up by songs and recitals. This freethinking tradition was absorbed into the labour movement.
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During this time he had become member of the board of the League of Freethinking Propaganda Associations, the freethinking liberal youth organisation. He took a private courses in registration in Gorinchem between 1907 and 1909. Between 1909 and 1911 he was civil servant within the ministry of Finance responsible for registration and government possessions. In 1911 he became a tax collector on Texel.
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However, ADF was also a reaction to the Reformed Druids of North America, a freethinking religious group which Bonewits considered too loose and not Neopagan enough.
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The Freethinking Atheist and Agnostic Kinship or FAAK is a Capistrano Valley High School club. The club, created in 2007, has stirred controversy within the Orange County, CA community.
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American Spectator, June 1984. The magazine's financial independence and self- styled "freethinking" incited the wrath of the University administration and other left-leaning academic elites,Sources: Time, 8 November 1982.
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Cambridge University Press, 1999. . Page 70. He also wrote six comic operas operas and eight tragedies, which, as D.S. Mirsky put it, "breathe an almost revolutionary spirit of political freethinking".D.S. Mirsky.
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Surveys show that Atheists, Agnostics and Freethinkers are the least trusted group of people. The primary purpose of Freethinking Atheist and Agnostic Kinship is to improve this image through activism and community service.
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The comic story deals with a young, freethinking socialite who falls desperately in love with an Episcopal minister. The result is a clash of intellects, a confrontation between faith and reason and a battle of the sexes.
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Hitler's faith: The debate over Nazism and religion; Samuel Koehne; ABC Religion and Ethics; 18 Apr 2012 Hitler made various comments against "atheistic" movements. He associated atheism with Bolshevism, Communism and Jewish materialism.Norman H. Baynes, ed., The Speeches of Adolf Hitler, April 1922-August 1939. Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1942, pp. 240, 378, 386. In 1933, the regime banned most atheistic and freethinking groups in Germany—other than those that supported the Nazis. The regime strongly opposed "godless communism" and most of Germany's freethinking (freigeist), atheist and largely left-wing organizations were banned.
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The League was closed down in the spring of 1933, when Hitler outlawed all atheistic and freethinking groups in Germany. Freethinkers Hall, the national headquarters of the League, was then converted to a bureau advising the public on church matters.
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Croix, have taken the derogatory side. Bentley in particular speaks of Zosimus with great contempt.Bentley, Remarks upon a late Discourse of Freethinking, Part. ii. p. 21 On the other hand, his historical authority has been maintained by Leunclavius, G. B. von Schirach, J. Matth.
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His first book appeared in 2004 (N of Shepherds). At the end of 2005, Khalaf founded the Jidar website. It was an independent cultural platform for freethinking and supporting beginning and independent writers. It had been rated as the first among the Syrian culture websites and had high ranking.
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An avenue for intelligent discourse and social awareness, the show empowers today's freethinking millennial with information - enabling Pinoy teens to voice their views on matters that impact their lives as active stakeholders of the future. It is produced by the PTV Public Affairs Division since June 23, 2015.
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Her first novels were published anonymously. The first, Initiation, was published as a feuilleton in La Revue de Belgique, a liberal paper, influenced by Freemasonry and freethinking. Her novel Hors sexe occasioned a scandal. The work was seized by the public prosecutor and Coppin was accused of gross indecency.
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However a large number of institutions were created by freethinking Czech Americans. The free-thought movement had its origins in Protestantism but could be best described as agnostic. These institutions promoted free-thought philosophy and maintained Czech language and culture. They also created social venues, benevolent societies, and cemeteries.
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However, she was an active contributor to many secularist periodicals including the National Reformer and author of many other books relating to secularism, blasphemy and freethinking. In Penalties upon Opinion she catalogues various trials and cases of blasphemy including the recent revival in blasphemy prosecutions in the first decades of the 20th century.
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During the Baroque era in France, there existed a freethinking circle of philosophers and intellectuals who were collectively known as libertinage érudit and which included Gabriel Naudé, Élie Diodati and François de La Mothe Le Vayer. The critic Vivian de Sola Pinto linked John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester's libertinism to Hobbesian materialism.
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Henry M. Tichenor probably sometime 1914-1919. Henry Milford Tichenor (October 23, 1858 - December 4, 1922)Tichenor, Harold A. (1988). Tichenor Families in America. Napton. p. 29 was a writer and magazine editor prominent in the socialist and freethinking movements during the Progressive Era and the Golden Age of Freethought of American history.
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The Freethinking Atheist and Agnostic Kinship has been featured in the Orange County Weekly, Orange County Register and national TV's The O'Reilly Factor. In addition, the club has organized several rallies each drawing over 200 picketers. These rallies have landed on the front pages of Orange County Register and Los Angeles Times.
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Carlile died intestate in 1843, leaving his family destitute. Sharples ran a freethinking coffee house in Hackney, where she met the 15-year-old Charles Bradlaugh and invited him to stay with her and her children. Sharples did not succeed as a businesswoman, and died in 1852, after 20 years of living in poverty.
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After a disagreement between the Sundsvall branch of the heirs (who wanted to sell) and the Umeå branch (who wanted to keep the VK as a liberal and freethinking news paper) the paper was first sold to the small printing company Folk och Samhälle (People and Society) and later around 1978 to the Stiftelsen VK-Press (VK- Press Foundation).
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"Corporation Details", Ohio Secretary of State. Retrieved August 14, 2012. The SSA is an independent, democratically structured organization in the U.S. that promotes freethinking high school and college students. The SSA was formed "to organize, unite, educate and serve students and student communities that promote the ideals of scientific and critical inquiry, democracy, secularism, and human based ethics".
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Tina Strobos was born Tineke Buchter on May 19, 1920, in Amsterdam. Her parents, Marie Schotte and Alphonse Buchter, were socialist atheists and fluent in four languages. Schotte supported the women's peace movement. Strobos' maternal grandfather had founded a freethinking movement, and her maternal grandmother had been part of the labor movement in the late nineteenth century.
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This was one of the first attempts of the writer, but despite that, it was full of appeals and freethinking ideas. "The last exhibit" (; 1961) and "A wedding sheep" works were also dedicated to the Great Patriotic War. "The last exhibit" narrative is a touching story about a poor mother who lost her son in the war.
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In February 1923, she launched Renascença, a periodical linked with the anarchist, progressive and freethinking circles of the period. Her thought was mainly influenced by individualist anarchists such as Han Ryner and Émile Armand. She maintained contact with Spanish individualist anarchist circles. Horst Matthai Quelle was a Spanish language German anarchist philosopher influenced by Max Stirner.
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Following this incident she focused on her creative talent and considered a singing or dancing career for the first time. By 9, she was a smoker; she denies claims that smoking has affected her voice. At 11, she moved with her family to the city of Saskatoon, which she considers her hometown. She responded badly to formal education, preferring a freethinking outlook.
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Chandler particularly benefitted from the patronage of the Earl of Warwick, who is likely to have given him the use of studios at Warwick Castle for painting. About 1800, he was invited to Aberdeenshire, where he painted a good many portraits. Afterwards he settled in Edinburgh. He indulged freethinking speculations, was melancholic, and is rumoured to have attempted to kill himself.
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Blount was born in Upper Holloway, Islington, Middlesex, the fourth son of Sir Henry Blount. His father educated him at home and exposed him to freethinking philosophy. In 1672 Charles inherited lands in Islington and the estate of Blount's Hall in Staffordshire. He married Eleanor Tyrrell in Westminster Abbey at the end of 1672; they had three sons and a daughter.
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At the same time, Montagu was attempting to court Venetia and unsuccessfully proposed marriage to her in 1913. Venetia liked Montagu but did not reciprocate his love. Also, Montagu had to marry within his Jewish faith to keep his inheritance. Although Venetia was from a freethinking family and was not a devout Anglican, conversion to Judaism seemed too great a barrier.
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Myers has made frequent use of the phrase "deep rifts" to satirize perceptions that atheism could experience a religious schism over disagreements on marketing atheism or the role of science and religion. Myers does not deny there are some differences of opinion between prominent atheists, but contends this is a good thing and is attributed to the freethinking nature of atheism.
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A unique characteristic of some Renaissance libraries is that they were open to the public. These libraries were places where ideas were exchanged and where scholarship and reading were considered both pleasurable and beneficial to the mind and soul. As freethinking was a hallmark of the age, many libraries contained a wide range of writers. Classical texts could be found alongside humanist writings.
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Rip Torn is the American poet Walt Whitman. The setting is a 19th-century Canadian institution for the mentally retarded. A compassionate London, Ontario, doctor (Colm Feore) defies his superiors by treating his patients as human beings rather than animals. When Whitman champions his cause, the doctor is ostracized by those who fear the poet's reputation as a freethinking radical.
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December 8, 1907 r., Delegates and the National Congress of Polish freethinking in Warsaw, established the Polish Association of Freethinkers. Among the participants-founders were social activists Aleksander Świętochowski and Ludwik Krzywicki. Association set itself the goal of fighting for the introduction of: secular standards of public life, secular metrics, secular wedding and funeral, and abolition of coercive religious education in schools.
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Most of the women educated by these programs were ones with affluent, freethinking fathers. María de Maeztu was an early twentieth century Spanish feminist and pedalogist. She helped co-found the International Institute for Young Ladies in Spain in 1913 as part of larger collaborative efforts. Two years later, she would go on to found the Residence for Young Ladies.
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In 1836 Charles Bray, author of The Philosophy of Necessity, married Hennell's sister Caroline, setting off Hennell's writing career. The Hennells had been brought up in the Unitarianism of Joseph Priestley and Thomas Belsham. In reaction to Charles Bray's freethinking (Bray had sent in particular sent him the Diegesis of Robert Taylor)Robert Taylor, Herbert Cutner (editor), The Diegesis (1997), p. 37; Google Books.
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Caricature of Kuyper by Albert Hahn, from a 1904 edition of the satirical magazine De Ware Jacob. In the 1901 elections, Kuyper was re-elected in Sliedrecht, defeating the liberal De Klerk. In Amsterdam he was defeated again, now by the freethinking liberal Nolting. He did not take his seat in parliament however but was instead appointed formateur and later prime minister of the Dutch cabinet.
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It was published in two volumes, in 1931 and 1935. After the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, Goldman traveled to Spain to support the anarchist revolution there. She died in Toronto, Canada, on May 14, 1940, aged 70. During her life, Goldman was lionized as a freethinking "rebel woman" by admirers, and denounced by detractors as an advocate of politically motivated murder and violent revolution.
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Albert Wingert was a teacher by profession. From 1922 to 1933 he was married to the co-teacher and author Maria Rodenbour who he had met while working in Perlé. In 1923 he was appointed head of the school run by the League of Nations in the Saar and lived with his wife in Völklingen. He became involved in various freethinking and pro-democracy political movements.
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New York: Howard Fertig, p. 378. However, "The aggressive spread of atheism in the Soviet Union alarmed many German Christians", wrote Geoffrey Blainey and Hitler saw Christianity as a "temporary ally" against Bolshevism, and courted and benefited from fear among German Christians of militant Communist atheism. In that same year the regime banned most atheistic and freethinking groups in Germany—other than those that supported the Nazis.
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Mizan Rahman (September 16, 1932 – January 5, 2015) was a Bangladeshi Canadian mathematician and writer. He specialized in fields of mathematics such as hypergeometric series and orthogonal polynomials. He also had interests encompassing literature, philosophy, scientific skepticism, freethinking and rationalism. He co-authored Basic Hypergeometric SeriesGeorge Gasper and Mizan Rahman, Basic Hypergeometric Series, first edition, 1990; second extended edition, 2004, Encyclopedia of Mathematics and Its Applications, 96, Cambridge University Press. .
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The date of its establishment is commemorated annually by students of its successor institutions as "St V". The motivating principle behind the new institution was "free inquiry" (libre examen) which denoted freethinking ideas inherited from the European Enlightenment. This hostility to political and religious authority led to hostility from the Catholic Church and Catholic Party politicians, increasingly associated with the Mechelen university's successor, the Catholic University of Leuven founded in 1835.
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In November 2012 Van der Ham was elected chair of the Dutch Humanist Association. In this position he is focusing on issues of freedom of speech, education and solidarity with atheists and humanists in Muslim-majority countries. Since January 2010, he has maintained a weekly vlog on YouTube about freethinking, humanism and liberalism. On 9/11 2009 he produced his first English spoken "Freethoughtvlog" about the Ground 0 Mosque.
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Logo deMens.nu In Belgium, organized secularism (, ) is the local associations and organizations which provide moral support for naturalist, atheist, agnostic, secular humanist, freethinking, Bright, or irreligious and non- confessional citizens. A person who subscribes to such entities or ideologies, or at least espouses an interest in "free inquiry" apart from religious traditions is described as a "secular" or "free-thinker" (, ). In Dutch- speaking Belgium, the leading humanist group is deMens.
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Before 1895 Brunetière was widely known as a rationalist, freethinking scholar. That year, however, he published an article, "Après une visite au Vatican," in which he argued that science was incapable of providing a convincing social morality and that faith alone could achieve that result.Jennifer Michael Hecht. The End of the Soul: Scientific Modernity, Atheism and Anthropology in France, New York: Columbia University Press, 2003, pp. 172-176\.
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Some of the intellectuals who gathered around Pramatha Chowdhury became literary luminaries later. Dhurjatiprasad Mukhopadhyay, Atul Chandra Gupta, Barada Charan Gupta, Suniti Kumar Chatterji, Kiranshankar Roy wrote articles in Sabujpatra; Kanti Chandra Ghosh, Amiya Chakraborty and Suresh Chakraborty contributed poems. In everything it published, Sabujpatra expressed the spirit of freethinking and advocated rationalism, democracy and individual freedom. Pashchimbanga Bangla Akademi Library, Calcutta has archived a complete set of Sabujpatra.
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Sources promoting irreligion in Africa have been dated to go back several millennia.M.B. Mat'e, The History of Freethinking in Ancient Egypt (1956), no. 3. Other sources have noted that many African philosophies such as Ubuntu are rooted in a secular humanistic framework. During the 1950s and 1960s, irreligion in Africa became increasingly widespread among the educated classes as communism, socialism and anti- colonial movements gained influence on the continent.
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Náprstek in 1848 He secretly fled to Milwaukee in Wisconsin, where he lived for about a decade before returning home, completing his law studies. He is considered to be the spiritual father of Czech journalism in America. He published the freethinking newspaper the Milwaukee Flügblatter, the first periodical published by a Czech in the United States. Although the Flügblatter was in the German language, it was read largely by Czechs.
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Baruch Spinoza (1632–1677), in his 1670 Theologico-Political Treatise, criticized Judaism (his birth religion) and all organized religion. His philosophical orientation is often called "pantheism", a term coined by John Toland after Spinoza's death. However, in the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Spinoza's name was often associated with atheism, freethinking, materialism, deism, and any other heterodox religious belief. Whether or not "pantheism" constitutes atheism is still debated by modern scholars.
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He has written and edited books and articles critical of intelligent design, using the term methodological naturalism to emphasise that the scientific method inherently explains observable events in nature only by natural causes, without assuming the existence or non-existence of the supernatural, and is not based on dogmatic metaphysical naturalism as claimed by creationists. He has also been a featured speaker at religious, freethinking, and atheist gatherings.
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In 1739 he wrote and published a pamphlet, Judging for Ourselves, or Freethinking the Great Duty of Religion, a strong criticism of Christianity. For writing this and similar pamphlets, he lost his teaching position. A work attributed to him, called A History of the Man after God's own Heart (1761), intended to show that King George II was insulted by a current comparison with King David. The book is said to have inspired Voltaire's Saul.
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Buffalocomotive's music is a combination of hard rock and progressive rock but with the underlying sensibility and structure of power pop. Taylor, known for his freethinking lyrics, pens concepts that deal with the darker aspects of theology, fantasy and science fiction but additionally encompasses such topics as the uncanny frequency of orphaned protagonists in fiction, the non-medical use of prescription medications and romanticized suicide amongst vampires.Buffalocomotive Song Titles. Discogs.com. Retrieved on 2012-08-30.
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Describing how Goldfaden came to engage Mogulesko as an actor, Nahma Sandrow remarks: "Meshoyrerim were sophisticated musically, and were notorious for being freethinking and irreverent. As soon as Goldfadn arrived in town he heard about a young cutup who was the life of local parties, imitating scenes from Rumanian comedies and mimicking the dignified cantor he sang for. Within a year Mogulesko had become the comic genius of his generation."Sandrow, Nahma (1986).
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Berdakh studied in a maktab and at the same time he grazed his fellow villagers' cattle. His brother helped him to go to Karakum madrasah, a Muslim religious school, but Berdakh dropped out from the school because of his freethinking poetry. The young poet began to study folk poetry and narrative classical masterpieces of the East. His tutor, Kunkhoja, (1799–1880) who was famous for his folk poetry, helped him with his poetry.
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Camp Quest is an organisation providing humanist residential summer camps for children in the United States, the United Kingdom, Switzerland and Norway. It was created in 1996 in Kentucky to provide an alternative to the traditional religiously affiliated summer camps, for the children of nontheistic, humanist or freethinking families as well as children from a religious upbringing. Camp Quest currently consists of 13 affiliated camp groups and its current Executive Director is Kim Newton.
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Cover of the Encyclopédie The "Philosophes" were 18th-century French intellectuals who dominated the French Enlightenment and were influential across Europe. Their interests were diverse, with experts in scientific, literary, philosophical and sociological matters. The ultimate goal of the philosophers was human progress; by concentrating on social and material sciences, they believed that a rational society was the only logical outcome of a freethinking and reasoned populace. They also advocated Deism and religious tolerance.
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The extensive distribution network and potency of the Northern Star in spreading United Irish opinion alarmed the authorities and possession of a copy came to be regarded as an admission of seditious intent."In late eighteenth-century Ireland, the purchase of The Northern Star was as potent a symbol of freethinking, independent citizenship as bearing arms." - Gillian O’Brien " ‘Spirit, Impartiality and Independence’ The Northern Star, 1792-1797." Eighteenth-Century Ireland/Iris an dá chultúr 13 (1998): 7-23.
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He is also director of the Middle Eastern Mediterranean Freethinking Platform at the Università della Svizzera italiana in Lugano, Switzerland. The MEM Summer Summit is held every August, gathering young change-makers from the Middle East Mediterranean region. In October 2018, he published Sortir du Chaos, Les crises en Méditerranée et au Moyen Orient. The book was translated into English by Henry Randolph and published in the US in 2020 by Columbia University Press as : Away from Chaos.
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Dixon's strong Freethinking Christian religious beliefs were, however, examined and repudiated as "insane mysticism" by the atheist Carlile, first in his initial account of their meeting and then in a subsequent issue of The Lion, in which he published and annotated a lengthy response from Dixon to the previous piece.Carlile, pp.133–141 Two years later, on 7 June 1829, Dixon attracted large crowds when he underwent public baptism by total immersion in the Peak Forest Canal.
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Although Stanley was from a freethinking family and was not a devout Anglican, conversion to Judaism seemed too great a barrier. However, Asquith's epistolary obsession with Venetia and his constant demands for advice apparently became overwhelming even for this intelligent and well-read woman, keenly interested in politics as she was. As a result, she finally accepted Montagu's proposal on 28 April 1915. She converted to Judaism, and the couple were wed on 26 July 1915.
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Atheism, Agnosticism, Deism and freethinking became relatively popular (although the majority of the society was still very religious) in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. During the Spanish civil war irreligious people were repressed by the Francoist side, while religion was largely abolished among the republicans. During the Francoist dictatorship period (1939-1975) irreligion was not tolerated, following the national-catholic ideology of the regime. Irreligious people could not be public workers or express their thoughts openly.
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Victor Dave was born in Aalst, Belgium, on February 25, 1847, to a customs officer. He showed interest in freethinking and socialism in his youth and attended the University of Liège and Université libre de Bruxelles. The Marxist socialist Paul Lafargue introduced Dave to the anarchist political thought of Proudhon at an 1869 international student congress in Liège. Within two years, Dave joined the Brussels branch of the International Workers' Association and two years later, its general council.
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Maria Lacerda de Moura, Brazilian anarchist individualist and feminist Brazilian individualist anarchist Maria Lacerda de Moura lectured on topics such as education, women's rights, free love and antimilitarism. Her writings and essays landed her attention not only in Brazil, but also in Argentina and Uruguay. In February 1923, she launched ', a periodical linked with the anarchist, progressive and freethinking circles of the period. Her thought was mainly influenced by individualist anarchists such as Han Ryner and Émile Armand.
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George Cannon (1789–1854) was an English solicitor, radical activist and publisher and pornographer who also used the pseudonyms Erasmus Perkins and Philosemus. Around 1812 he became associated with freethinking discussion groups in LondonMcCalman (1988) p.73 and in 1815 he edited, as "Erasmus Perkins", a radical periodical Theological Inquirer; or Polemical Magazine, with which Percy Bysshe Shelley was associated, and in which "Perkins" published extracts from Queen Mab:McCalman and Mee (2001) p.339 his relationship with Shelley was somewhat hostile.
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Ivan Aguéli founded Al Akbariyya as a secret Sufi society in Paris in 1911. Among its first members was René Guénon. Its purpose was to promote the teachings of Muhyeddin Ibn al-Arabi among the "scholarly, educated and freethinking classes..." through the practice of the Shadhili and Malamati Sufi paths. The only time this society is mentioned is in a letter written by Aguéli in September 1911 to an unknown address in Cairo announcing its founding, not much more is known.
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According to F. M. Müller this term means "the golden germ of child" and is an attempt at naming the sun. This is occasionally brought up as evidence for the hypothesis that "virgin birth" tales are a fairly common phenomenon in non-Christian religions around the world.Christopher Hitchens, God is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything (Paperback), 2007, p. 23Chapman Cohen, Essays in Freethinking, 1927, "Monism and Religion" However, there is nothing in Hindu scriptures to suggest that it was a "virgin" birth.
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The son of Hermenegildo Giner de los Ríos and Laura García Hoppe, Bernardo Giner de los Ríos was born into a family of intellectuals and progressive politicians. His uncle, Francisco Giner de los Ríos, was a philosopher and proponent of the ideas of Karl Christian Friedrich Krause. Francisco Giner de los Ríos translated selections from Krause's aesthetic writings in 1874 as Compendio de Estética. Francisco and Hermenegildo Giner de los Ríos also founded the freethinking Institución Libre de Enseñanza in 1876.
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Some atheists surrounding Jacques Hébert instead sought to establish a Cult of Reason, a form of atheistic pseudo-religion with a goddess personifying reason. The Napoleonic era further institutionalized the secularization of French society. In the latter half of the 19th century, atheism rose to prominence under the influence of rationalistic and freethinking philosophers. Many prominent German philosophers of this era denied the existence of deities and were critical of religion, including Ludwig Feuerbach, Arthur Schopenhauer, Max Stirner, Karl Marx, and Friedrich Nietzsche.
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Freethought is a philosophical viewpoint that holds opinions should be formed on the basis of logic, reason and empiricism, rather than authority, tradition, or other dogmas. The cognitive application of freethought is known as "freethinking" and practitioners of freethought are known as "freethinkers". Argument from authority (Latin: argumentum ab auctoritate) is a common form of argument which leads to a logical fallacy when misused. In informal reasoning, the appeal to authority is a form of argument attempting to establish a statistical syllogism.
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In this introduction, he contradicts himself, at one point insisting that one should not be horrified by the 600 passions outlined in the story because everybody has their own tastes, but at the same time going out of his way to warn the reader of the horrors that lie ahead, suggesting that the reader should have doubts about continuing. Consequently, he glorifies as well as vilifies the four main protagonists, alternately declaring them freethinking heroes and debased villains, often in the same passage.
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He continued to promote freethinking – chaired Freethinkers' Society of Ethical Culture, edited reestablished Laisvoji mintis (1933–1940), lobbied for non-religious cemeteries, schools, marriage and birth registrations, published numerous anti-religious texts. For one such text, he was sued by a priest for slander and received a one-month suspended prison sentence. After the Soviet occupation of Lithuania in June 1940, Šliūpas was invited to the People's Government of Lithuania, but refused. He continued to be active in public life until his death.
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Initially, the idea was to publish the newspaper both in Polish and Lithuanian, but they could not get enough Polish subscribers due to Šliūpas' focus on the Lithuanian National Revival. The first issue was published on 25 October 1884. It was a small four-page publication that mainly printed Šliūpas' texts that focused on Lithuania's revival, promoted a union with Latvia, discussed children's education, advanced freethinking and socialist ideas. It also published the first poems by Šliūpas' fiancé who stayed behind in Mitau.
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In some areas, Continental Freemasonry may have drawn from more subversive English sources. Margaret C. Jacob outlines a relationship between John Toland and Dutch Freemasonry; Jean Rousset de Missy, the founder of the Masonic lodge in the Dutch Republic in 1735 was a self-described pantheist, borrowing the term coined by Toland. Jacob argues that "there is a streak of freethinking or deism that turns up at moments in the history of Continental Freemasonry right into, and especially during, the 1790s."Jacob, 94.
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From 1818–1819, Galich published A History of Philosophical Systems in two volumes, compiled on the basis of German works by Sacher, Ast, Tenneman, and other German philosophers, and ending with an essay on the philosophical exposition of Schelling. Shortly thereafter, charges were instituted against Galich and three other professors of impiety and revolutionary designs. In 1837, Galich, accused of freethinking, was laid off from St. Petersburg University. However, in the same year, he obtained a position in the Department of Archives.
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Cesare Cremonini, whose teachings inspired the Accademia degli Incogniti The Accademia degli Incogniti (Academy of the Unknowns) was a learned society of freethinking intellectuals, mainly noblemen, that significantly influenced the cultural and political life of mid-17th century Venice. The society was founded in 1630 by Giovanni Francesco Loredano and Guido Casoni, and derived its basic Aristotelian philosophy from Cesare Cremonini, a Peripatetic who was professor of philosophy at the University of Padua.Rosand, pp. 37–40 The society included historians, poets, and librettists.
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The German Land Company hired Christian Prignitz to complete a new plan for New Ulm, filed in April 1858. This master plan for New Ulm expressed a grand vision of the city's future. At the heart of the community stood blocks reserved for Turner Hall, the county courthouse, and a public school, representing the political, social, and educational center of the community. The westernmost avenues were named after American heroes George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and Thomas Paine—the latter three noted for their freethinking philosophies.
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Susan Jacoby credits Ingersoll for the revival of Thomas Paine's reputation in American intellectual history, which had decreased after the publication of The Age of Reason published during 1794–95. Paine postulated that men, not God, had written the Bible, and Ingersoll included this work in his lectures on freethinking. As the only freethinker of his time with a wide audience outside of the unbelieving circle, he reintroduced Paine's ideas to a new generation. In 2005, a popular edition of Ingersoll's work was published by Steerforth Press.
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In March 1900, he created with Charles Brunellière the Socialist Federation of Brittany, at a congress in Nantes. He became very active as a political journalist in the journal Breton Socialiste which was succeeded by Réveil du Finistère, in which he developed a legislative programme for republican and socialist rural politics. A freethinking Socialist, he wrote a number of critical studies of the historical myths created by the nationalistic and often reactionary "Breton movement". These were published as the book La Bretagne agenouillée (Brittany on its Knees).
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Gordon Douglas has traditionally been seen as the first European to become ordained as a Bhikkhu in Southeast Asia although Laurence Carroll (U Dhammaloka) and others are now understood to have been earlier."Beachcombing, going native and freethinking: rewriting the history of early western Buddhist monastics" Contemporary Buddhism 11/2 (November 2010): 1 - 49 He was ordained in Siam in 1899 or 1900 and assumed the name Bhikkhu Asoka or Ashoka.Stephen Batchelor. 1994. The Awakening of the West: The Encounter of Buddhism and Western Culture, p.
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On 15 October 1896, Florence Annie Strauss, a twenty-four-year-old spinster from West Kensington, married the 43-year-old bachelor, former Liberal MP for Camborne, Cornwall, and practising barrister, Charles Augustus Vansittart Conybeare. The marriage was conducted in accordance with to the rites and ceremonies of the Theistic Church. Marriage certificate, 15 October 1896, General Register Office, Southport, England. The service was officiated by Charles Voysey, a freethinking Yorkshire vicar who was deposed for publishing heretical sermons and for denying the doctrine of everlasting hell.
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The VVD was originally a merger of the Party of Freedom and Freethinking Democratic dissenters within the Labour Party. In this name, both tendencies, classical liberalism ("Freedom") and social liberalism ("People's Party"; "Democracy") are represented. Despite being a liberal party, the VVD did not openly call itself "liberal", mainly because of the for some still lingering negative connotations of liberalism developed during the Great Depression and World War II. The most common English translation of the name is the literal translation, People's Party for Freedom and Democracy.
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Such was the impact it made that the following year she published two follow-ups Why Does the Future Triumph?." In February 1923 she launched Renascença, a periodical linked with the anarchist, progressive, and freethinking circles of the period. "At around the same time she helped to found the International Women’s Federation and the Women’s Anti-war Committee, based in São Paulo." "In February 1923 she launched the monthly review Renascença which made no bones about spreading libertarian feminist ideas and dealing with other social issues.
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He eventually moved to London to become assistant editor of Bradlaugh's paper National Reformer, subsequently taking over as editor on Bradlaugh's death in 1891. The National Reformer finally closed in 1893. Robertson was also an appointed lecturer for the freethinking South Place Ethical Society from 1899 until the 1920s. An advocate of the "New Liberalism," Robertson's political radicalism developed in the 1880s and 1890s, and he first stood for Parliament in 1895, failing to win Bradlaugh's old seat in Northampton as an independent radical liberal.
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9 Lovinescu noted in 1943: "as modernism or synchronism, I have been supporting those same ideas these past twenty years."Lovinescu (1943), p. 291 Zarifopol's revolt was more contextual, and bound by his own debt to the classics: Ralea sees him as a classical rationalist in the manner of Voltaire, Sainte-Beuve, and Anatole France,Ralea, pp. 162, 168, 170 and Călinescu as a "cultured academic, for all his freethinking airs", copying his style from Caragiale and Tudor Arghezi, without "a sense of the sublime".
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His father, who runs a kosher butcher shop, is unnerved by the deaths in the war of boys like his son and becomes overwhelmed with paranoia. At Winesburg, Marcus is a studious, introverted pupil who feels disconnected from the rest of the student body, including fellow Jewish students. He meets Olivia Hutton, a beautiful student majoring in French literature. The daughter of a Cleveland surgeon, Olivia is freethinking, sophisticated, and sexually frank, but also fragile and disturbed; she feels as alienated and out-of-place as Marcus.
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He was later introduced to Australian musician Richard Connolly by a priest, Ted Kennedy, at the Holy Spirit parish at North Rydecf. Australasian Catholic Record October 1995 and the two subsequently collaborated to produce between them the most significant collection of Australian Catholic hymnody to date, titled "Hymns for the Year of Grace". Connolly was McAuley's sponsor for his confirmation into the Roman Catholic Church. McAuley had been influenced during his undergraduate years by communism, anarchism and the freethinking philosophy of Professor John Anderson.
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Ashurst belonged to a small sect, the 'Freethinking Christians.' He ceased to be a member of any sect, though he regarded his political principles as the logical outcome of the doctrine of human brotherhood. He was much influenced by the political writings of Paine and Franklin. He was an enthusiastic radical, spending both money and labour to advance the cause. His house was one of the first to announce on its walls that it would pay no taxes till the Reform Bill (of 1832) was passed.
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St V festivities, 2004. Saint V is the commonly used name for a holiday for freethinking university students in Brussels, Belgium, celebrating the founding of the Free University of Brussels. The day's long form (, ) differs in the two official languages, but both are a reference to Pierre-Théodore Verhaegen, the founder of the university, who notably is not a saint and was never canonized; the name was chosen to mock the Saint-Nicolas festivities of the rival Catholic University instead. The festivities take place on November 20, commemorating the anniversary of the university's official opening.
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Pavel A. Katenin Pavel Aleksandrovich Katenin () (22 December 1792 — 4 June 1853) was a Russian classicist poet, dramatist, and literary critic who also contributed to the evolution of Russian Romanticism. Katenin took part in the Patriotic War of 1812 and was one of the leaders of the Military Society, which preceded the Decembrists. In 1820, his freethinking attitudes led to his being dismissed from the army. Two years later, Count Miloradovich, Governor of St. Petersburg, had him deported from the capital for having booed his own favourite actress.
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His pieces are not feats of stamina nor consciously motivated by a desire to suffer (although they have been described as ordeals),) but rather are explorations of time and of struggle. According to the American cultural critic Steven Shaviro, Hsieh's work can be seen as being about imprisonment, solitude, work, time, homelessness, exposure, marriage / human relations, and the way in which art and life are related. The artist himself states his work is about "wasting time and freethinking". A little after 1999, he declared he was no longer an artist.
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New York: Howard Fertig, p. 378. However, the regime strongly opposed "Godless Communism" and all of Germany's freethinking (freigeist), atheist, and largely left-wing organizations were banned the same year. In a speech made during the negotiations for the Nazi- Vatican Concordant of 1933, Hitler argued against secular schools, stating: "Secular schools can never be tolerated because such schools have no religious instruction, and a general moral instruction without a religious foundation is built on air; consequently, all character training and religion must be derived from faith."Helmreich, Ernst (1979).
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Libertarian socialists have traditionally been skeptical of and opposed to organized religion. Freethought is a philosophical viewpoint that holds opinions should be formed on the basis of science, logic and reason; and should not be influenced by authority, tradition, or other dogmas. The cognitive application of freethought is known as freethinking and practitioners of freethought are known as freethinkers. In the United States, freethought was an anti-Christian and anti-clerical movement, "whose purpose was to make the individual politically and spiritually free to decide for himself on religious matters".
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Several attempts to confirm Madoc's historicity have been made, but historians of early America, notably Samuel Eliot Morison, regard the story as a myth. Madoc's legend has been a notable subject for poets, however. The most famous account in English is Robert Southey's long 1805 poem Madoc, which uses the story to explore the poet's freethinking and egalitarian ideals. Fittingly, Southey wrote Madoc to help finance a trip of his own to America, where he and Samuel Taylor Coleridge hoped to establish a Utopian state they called a "Pantisocracy".
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Budgell had adopted some of Tindal's freethinking views and assisted him in publishing his 'Christianity as Old as the Creation'. However, he had fallen on hard times, losing up to £20,000 in the South Sea Bubble. It was therefore of some surprise that Matthew Tindal had apparently left the greater part of his fortune to this man, to the exclusion of Tindal, who had been named in a previously published will. Budgell was prosecuted for forgery but committed suicide by drowning himself in the Thames before the case came to trial.
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Nevil Beauchamp is a young naval officer with high ideals of honour and public service who, having been wounded in the Crimean War, recovers his health in Venice. He there falls in love with a brilliant and high-spirited French girl, Renée de Croisnel, with whom he hopes to elope. Renée marries an elderly French aristocrat instead, and Nevil takes up his naval career again. He falls under the influence of the republican and freethinking Dr. Shrapnel, thereby alienating his wealthy uncle Everard Romfrey, a staunchly Conservative peer.
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Novikov belonged to the first generation of Russians that benefited from the creation of Moscow University in 1755. He took an active part in the Legislative Assembly of 1767, which sought to produce a new code of laws. Inspired by this kind of freethinking activity, he took over editing the Moscow Gazette and launched satirical journals, including Zhivopisets, patterned after The Tatler and The Spectator. His attacks on the existing social customs prompted jocund retorts from Catherine the Great, who even set her own journal called Vsyakaya vsyachina to comment on Novikov's articles.
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Between the early 1690s and his death in 1733, Tindal made major contributions in a various areas. As Deputy Judge Advocate of the Fleet he had a large influence on the case law on piracy, such as his contributions the 1693-1694 trial of John Golden. His timely pamphlet on the freedom of the press was hugely influential in the ending of the legal requirement that all publications be licensed before being printed. His book Rights of the Christian Church had an immense impact on church/state relations and on the growth of freethinking.
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In his Autobiographical Notes, Einstein wrote that he had gradually lost his faith early in childhood: > . . . I came—though the child of entirely irreligious (Jewish) parents—to a > deep religiousness, which, however, reached an abrupt end at the age of > twelve. Through the reading of popular scientific books I soon reached the > conviction that much in the stories of the Bible could not be true. The > consequence was a positively fanatic orgy of freethinking coupled with the > impression that youth is intentionally being deceived by the state through > lies; it was a crushing impression.
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Endnote: Poésies de Des Barreaux (1904), edited by F. Lachèvre. Des Barreaux was apparently bisexual. Although he was later known as one of the lovers of Marion Delorme, a famous courtesan, he also was the lover of the freethinking poet Théophile de Viau, called the "King of Libertines" by Jesuit prosecutors. During his imprisonment in 1623–25 on charges of writing atheistic poems with homosexual allusions, de Viau addressed a poem to Vallée, "The Complaint of Théophile to his friend Tircis", reproaching Des Barreaux for doing little to help him.
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It defended public education. Internationally it favoured international (mutual) disarmament and the gradual implementation of autonomy for the Dutch Indies. The LSP mainly received support from agnostics or latitudinarian protestants (such als Remonstrants, moderate orthodox or freethinking members of the Dutch Reformed Church and Mennonites) from higher classes: businessmen, civil servants, wealthy farmers, and voters with free professions (lawyers, doctors etc.). The party performed particularly well in the major trading cities Amsterdam and Rotterdam, the rich municipalities around Hilversum and The Hague and in northern rural provinces, like Groningen and Drenthe.
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She was passionate in her beliefs and prolific in her output, as her work began appearing in the New York Call, Judge, and the Woman's Journal, a propaganda newspaper for the National American Woman Suffrage Association. She was invited to join Heterodoxy, a private club for radical, freethinking professional women, that met twice a month, for lunch and serious discussions. She formed a close friendship with Heterodoxy member Elizabeth C. Watson, a Maryland woman active in prison and labor reform. Both women were passengers on Henry Ford's "Peace Ship," which carried 102 peace delegates and 46 journalists to Europe in December 1915.
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Giovan Francesco Loredano, one of the founders of the Accademia degli Incogniti, a learned society of freethinking intellectuals established in 1630 in Venice, often ordered the illustrations for his multiple writings from van den Dyck, Pietro della Vecchia and Francesco Ruschi. One of these prints was a portrait of Loredano which he made for Loredano's Opere (Collected works).Giovan Francesco Loredano, Opere di Gio. Francesco Loredano Nobile Veneto: Diuise In Sei Volvmi, Volume 1 at Google Books St Dominic accompanied by Simon de Montfort raising the crucifix against the Albigensians From late 1657 van den Dyck was living with his family in Mantua.
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On April 10, 1946, the Fiskes bought of mountain, meadow, and brook land in Rochester, Vermont. Their intention was to create an artists’ and writers’ retreat, a gathering place for creative and freethinking people. When the countercultural movement of the 1960s and 1970s began, hundreds of people from all over the world began to discover Quarry Hill. Many people built houses at Quarry Hill, with an agreement with the Fiskes that the land would continue to be owned by the family. Children at Quarry Hill and attended its private K-12 school, the North Hollow School.
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He was born Oton Zupančič in the village of Vinica in the Slovene region of White Carniola near the border with Croatia. His father Franc Zupančič was a wealthy village merchant, his mother Ana Malić was of Croatian origin.Janko Kos, Slovenska književnost (Ljubljana: Cankarjeva založba, 1982), 413 He attended high school in Novo Mesto and in Ljubljana. In the Carniolan capital, he initially frequented the circle of Catholic intellectuals around the social activist, author and politician Janez Evangelist Krek, but later turned to the freethinking circle of young Slovene modernist artists, among whom were Ivan Cankar, Dragotin Kette and Josip Murn.
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A fictional story of literary scholars American Roland Michell (Aaron Eckhart) and British Maud Bailey (Gwyneth Paltrow), who independently find that the socially antagonistic relationship between the Victorian era poets Randolph Henry Ash (Jeremy Northam) and Christabel LaMotte (Jennifer Ehle) may have concealed a secret connection as lovers. Ash is traditional and conservative and LaMotte is a freethinking bisexual. Rival scholars become aware of their efforts and each seeks to be the first at the public disclosure of this major finding about the poets. In a parallel relationship, Michell and Bailey have their own deepening connection.
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The philosophes of the Enlightenment used criticism of myth as a vehicle for veiled criticisms of the Bible and the church.Lincoln 49 According to Bruce Lincoln, the philosophes "made irrationality the hallmark of myth and constituted philosophy—rather than the Christian kerygma—as the antidote for mythic discourse. By implication, Christianity could appear as a more recent, powerful, and dangerous instance of irrational myth".Lincoln 50 Since the end of the 18th century, the biblical stories have lost some of their mythological basis to western society, owing to the scepticism of the Enlightenment, 19th-century freethinking, and 20th century modernism.
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Faisal Arefin Dipan (; 12 July 1972 – 31 October 2015) was a publisher of Bangladesh who had collaborated with many prominent writers of Bengali literature like Muhammed Zafar Iqbal, Syed Shamsul Haque, Ahmed Sofa and Sufia Kamal, as well as eminent scholars and personalities, such as, Bodruddin Umar, Serajul Islam Choudhury, Syed Moqsud Ali, Muhammad Habibur Rahman and Ahmed Sharif, and most notably the secular science writer Avijit Roy. Dipan was brutally hacked to death inside his office at the hands of suspected religious extremists for his association with Avijit Roy and other freethinking, secular and atheist writers.
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The Yugoslav critics were part of official Titoist nomenclature, and rejected his bohemian style and freethinking attitude and accused his writings of being decadent, cynical, and a glorification of evil, amorality, and nihilism. Alternative Slovene writers and literary thinkers, such as Dušan Pirjevec Ahac and Taras Kermauner, were influenced by Zupan's work and they challenged the Titoist cultural policies. The echos of Zupan's vitalism and anticonformism can be seen in the works of the writer and essayist Marjan Rožanc, who reflected on Zupan in his 1983 novel-like essay Roman o knjigah (A Novel about Books). He also influenced the poet Borut Kardelj.
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ODNB entry by Patricia Srebrnik. Retrieved 2 May 2013. Pay-walled. In London Blind attended the Ladies' Institute, St John's Wood, where she was a friend of future novelist Rosa Nouchette Carey. Much of the evidence for this period in Mathilde's life is contained in a 55-page typescript in the British Library, a fragmentary story of a precocious, rebellious girl who is expelled from the Ladies' Institute for her freethinking, and who then travels to Switzerland for a long stay with maternal relatives in Zurich, before embarking on an unaccompanied walking tour through the Alps – highly unusual at that time for a single woman.
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By 1882, membership had grown to 357.Idem, p. 38–41. In 1880s, the 'Dageradianen' ("Dawnians", also called 'Dageraadsmannen' or "Dawnmen" and 'Dageraadsvrouwen' or "Dawnwomen", respectively) focused increasingly on philosophical materialism and atheism under the influence of Ernst Haeckel, Ludwig Büchner, Charles Darwin and the Dutch Jacob Moleschott (later honorary member), whilst more and more freethinking feminists such as Aletta Jacobs, Wilhelmina Drucker, Elise Haighton (secretary and editor-in-chief of De Dageraad) and Titia van der Tuuk (board member) came to the fore and made women's emancipation a central theme. Moreover, the 17th century philosopher Spinoza became an idol for many association members.
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This focus fits with the state-sponsored funding sources in the United States which sought to encourage "liberty and freethinking" in contrast to narrative-driven dance, which was seen as to be connected too closely with socialism, especially Soviet communism. Today, partly thanks to Balanchine, ballet is one of the most well-preserved dances in the world. Barbara Karinska was a Russian emigree and a skilled seamstress who collaborated with Balanchine to elevate the art of costume design from a secondary role to an integral part of a ballet performance. She introduced the bias cut and a simplified classic tutu that allowed the dancer more freedom of movement.
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The society also organized lectures and cultural events, established reading rooms, published and distributed works promoting freethinking. The society organized three major congresses in Kaunas in 1932, Šiauliai in 1936, Palanga in 1939. LEKD encountered significant resistance and opposition from local priests, police, or government officials – for example, its publications were censored, chapters encountered bureaucratic obstacles in renewing registrations, members could not find premises for meetings and other events. In 1933, LEKD had 25 chapters. The society considerably expanded with former members of the Lithuanian Popular Peasants' Union and the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania when all Lithuanian political parties were banned in 1936 by the authoritarian regime of Antanas Smetona.
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Many in the blossoming underground movement were influenced by 1950s Beatnik Beat generation writers such as William Burroughs and Allen Ginsberg, who paved the way for the hippies and the counterculture of the 1960s. During the 1960s, the Beatnik writers engaged in symbiotic evolution with freethinking academics including experimental psychologist Timothy Leary. An example of the cross-over of beatnik poetry and music can be seen when Burroughs appeared at the Phun City festival, organised in 24–26 July 1970 by Mick Farren with underground community bands including The Pretty Things, the Pink Fairies, the Edgar Broughton Band and, from the United States, the MC5.
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Born in London, the son of the judge Edward Fry, he grew up in a wealthy Quaker family in Highgate. His siblings include Joan Mary Fry and Margery Fry, who became principal of Somerville College, Oxford. Fry was educated at Clifton College"Clifton College Register" Muirhead, J.A.O. p95: Bristol; J.W Arrowsmith for Old Cliftonian Society; April, 1948 and King's College, Cambridge, where he was a member of the Conversazione Society, alongside freethinking men who would shape the foundation of his interest in the arts, including John McTaggart and Goldsworthy Lowes Dickinson. After taking a first in the Natural Science tripos, he went to Paris and then Italy to study art.
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To elude this sentence he went to Florence, where he was attached to the household of Carlo di Calabria. His freethinking and plain speaking had made him many enemies; he had attacked the Commedia of Dante, and the Canzone d'amore of Guido Cavalcanti. But according to Ernst Cassirer's The Individual and the Cosmos in Renaissance Philosophy, he died at the stake for his attempt to determine the nativity of Christ by reading his horoscope (page 107). The physician Dino del Garbo was indefatigable in pursuit of him; and the old accusation of impiety being renewed, Cecco was again tried and sentenced for relapse into heresy.
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"To the editorial committee of Le Monde Libertaire" by [Michele Bernstein, Guy Debord, [Herbert] Holl, [Mustapha] Khayati, [Donald] Nicholson-Smith]"Subversive Remarks Tough Customers!" by Maurice Joyeux"What is 'Situationism'?" by Guy Bodson He was a prolific author mainly on the topics of anarchism, freethinking, pacifism and Anarcho-naturism. His views on anarchism were based around his concept of "Social Individualism" on which he wrote extensively. He defended an anarchist perspective which was based on "a collectivism of things and an individualism of persons.""BONTEMPS Auguste, Charles, Marcel dit « Charles-Auguste » ; « CHAB » ; « MINXIT »" at Dictionnaire International des Militants Anarchistes He died on October 14, 1981 in Paris.
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Erotica was an adult, consumer exhibition held each November at Olympia, London, UK. A mainstream ‘lifestyle show’ aimed primarily at women and couples, where visitors were encouraged to celebrate or re-kindle their relationships with goods and services aimed to enhance their love lives. Erotica's organisers have claimed that it is the world's largest lifestyle show "for freethinking adults who are comfortable with their sexuality". Erotica cancelled its 2014 show and has since shut its doors. Exhibitors, including many small- to medium-sized companies and sole traders, offered: fashion, corsetry, lingerie, shoes, jewellery, art, photography, sculpture, adult toys, games, books, DVDs, furniture and romantic gifts.
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In 1907, a young English girl, Lucy Honeychurch (Helena Bonham Carter), and her spinster cousin and chaperone, Charlotte Bartlett (Maggie Smith), stay at the Pensione Bertolini while on holiday in Florence. They are disappointed their rooms lack a view of the Arno as promised. At dinner, they meet other English guests: the Reverend Mr Beebe (Simon Callow), two elderly spinster sisters, the Misses Alan (Fabia Drake and Joan Henley), the romance author, Eleanor Lavish (Judi Dench), the freethinking Mr Emerson (Denholm Elliott) and his handsome philosophical son, George (Julian Sands). Learning about Charlotte and Lucy's view predicament, Mr Emerson and George offer to exchange rooms, though Charlotte considers the suggestion indelicate.
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"Charles-Auguste Bontemps" at Ephemeride Anarchiste Charles-Auguste Bontemps was a prolific author mainly in the anarchist, freethinking, pacifist and naturist press of the time. His view on anarchism was based around his concept of "Social Individualism" on which he wrote extensively. He defended an anarchist perspective which consisted on "a collectivism of things and an individualism of persons"."BONTEMPS Auguste, Charles, Marcel dit « Charles-Auguste » ; « CHAB » ; « MINXIT »" at Dictionnaire International des Militants Anarchistes In 2002, Libertad organized a new version of the L'EnDehors, collaborating with Green Anarchy and including several contributors, such as Lawrence Jarach, Patrick Mignard, Thierry Lodé, Ron Sakolsky and Thomas Slut.
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In the nineteenth century, open proclamation of atheist views were rare, although a certain part of the intelligentsia openly admitted to atheism (including Vaclav Nałkowski and Maria Sklodowska-Curie). During the Second Republic, President Gabriel Narutowicz was accused of being an atheist.M. Ruszczyc, Strzały w Zachęcie, Katowice 1987, s. 163. . In general, then Polish overt atheism was a very widespread view, even among anti-clerical and secular intelligentsia, as evidenced by the fact that in the Second Republic the traditional association of atheists – Freemasonry of the Great East - has not been established despite the existence of acting freethinking organizations: Polish Association of Freethinkers, Polish Association of Free Thought or Warsaw Circle of Intellectuals.
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In the essay, Swift answers several real and rhetorical arguments against Christianity. First, he responds to the argument that the abolition of Christianity would expand the liberty of conscience by arguing that if great wits could not denounce the Church, they might instead turn to the denunciation of the government, causing political unrest. Swift then addresses the argument that the Church, then supported by government funds, was a drain on resources that might be better spent elsewhere. Swift responds that if the funds used to support the clergy were used instead to fund freethinking young gentlemen, the money would, in short time, be squandered away on vices, and divided by disagreeable marriages.
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Involved in the Argentine freethinking movement, in 1903 Abella supported the creation of a feminist center to facilitate discussions, later explaining her “minimum plan of female vindications” at the 1906 Freethinker Congress, arguing for equal opportunities and pay for women. She also campaigned for female divorce rights while facing opposition from the Roman Catholic Church. Even pro-divorce groups left out the female voice and body; in 1905, for instance, Oneto y Viana's proposed bill legalized divorce, but confirmed the reason as female adultery in all cases. Abella also argued that the state had no right to regulate the sex trade, which she announced in a conference in 1906: “Que la prostitución sea tolerada pero no reglamentada.
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The freethinking Alexander Geddes encouraged her. Her first book, a novel in two volumes, entitled Antoinette, was published anonymously, but was acknowledged in a second edition. Anne was one of the first to make German plays known in London, and in 1798 and 1799 translated many of the dramas of Kotzebue, following up this work with a Life and Literary Career of Kotzebue, translated from the German and published in 1801. From 1802 to 1805 she resided in France, and published her experiences in 1810 in the Narrative of a Three Years Residence in France (3 vols.) Lucy Brightwell states that she accompanied John Opie and Amelia Opie to Paris in August 1802.
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The themes of his ballades and romances come from Slovene and Slavic history, the Bible, folk traditions as well as contemporary life. He became strongly influenced by literary realism, writing some of his best known poems in this style, but never fully rejected post-romanticism. Aškerc published his poems in the journal Ljubljanski zvon under the pseudonym Gorázd from 1881, but used his real name in his first poetry collection, Balade in romance ("Ballades and Romances") published in 1890. The collection was warmly accepted by the reading public and critics, but was criticized from the emerging Catholic political activists, such as the bishop Anton Mahnič, who disapproved of Aškerc's national, freethinking and progressive social ideals.
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Almost all of them have reverence for their mythical creator, a being they call the "Lifemaker". Early in the 21st century, the North Atlantic Space Organization (combining NASA and NATO) dispatched the Orion with a cover story of terraforming Mars for human habitation. Karl Zambendorf, a con artist who is present on this expedition to verify ESP over interplanetary distances, prematurely learns that the Orion and its crew of researchers is headed for Titan, where the discovery of the Taloids has been kept need-to-know on Earth. When the Orion arrives, the first landing party sets down in a freethinking state where Thirg, a Taloid who was cast out of his home state Kroaxia, has fled.
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The modern view is that suffering has no purpose because nothing that happens has any purpose: the world is run by causes, not by purposes. His novel An Affair of Honor (2001) features a protagonist, Charles Alexander, who like Marius becomes caught between the traditional morality of his upbringing and the freethinking he encounters at University of Tennessee and in W.T. Stace.Folks, Jeffrey J (Summer 2003) Richard Marius and cultural orphanhood Southern Quarterly As Marius evolved toward atheism, he developed what would become a lifelong distaste for the religious right. But toward the end of his life, he began attending services again, first at Memorial Church in Harvard Yard and later at a Unitarian church.
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Picture used by online activists to show the solidarity with 2013 Bengali blog blackout On 4 April 2013 (0700 GMT) all Bengali blogs were blacked out for an indefinite time to protest the arrest of four bloggers in Bangladesh (Moshiur Rahman Biplob, Rasel Parvez, Subrata Adhikari Shuvo and Asif Mohiuddin). The blackout was to back a demand for the unconditional release of the arrested bloggers. A fundamentalist group named Hefajat-e-Islam Bangladesh started a campaign to hang freethinking bloggers, and demanding tough blasphemy laws. In response, the government started monitoring Bengali blog sites and sending letters to their authorities to terminate the alleged "anti-religious" blogs and provide information about the alleged "anti-religious" bloggers.
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He also for the first time came into contact with the Lithuanian socialist movement, and soon came to abandon the Catholicism of his youth for religious freethinking as he himself became a socialist. Bimba lived briefly among the Lithuanian immigrant communities at Muskegon, Michigan, and Niagara Falls, New York, where he came to believe that "the church and saloon held them firmly in hand," as he later put it and helped sponsor a visit from an atheist lecturer from Chicago. In May 1916 Bimba began attending classes at Valparaiso University, a small private college in Valparaiso, Indiana, which had gained a following among the Lithuanian immigrant community as a friendly institution.Wolkovich, Bay State "Blue" Laws and Bimba, pg. 33.
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Socrates and two students Della Vecchia was close to the humanistic and libertine circle around the Accademia degli Incogniti (Academy of the Unknowns), a learned society of freethinking intellectuals, mainly noblemen, that significantly influenced the cultural and political life of mid-17th-century Venice.Stéphane Loire, Bernard Aikema, 'Pietro Della Vecchia and the heritage of the Renaissance Venice', Florence, 1990 ; Paola Rossi, 'Francesco Maffei', Milan, 1991 (compte rendu), in: 'The Burlington Magazine', 135, 1993, pp. 358-359 Many of the subjects of his works were a reflection of the intellectual occupations of this influential Venetian society. For instance the charged eroticism in the Young couple is likely linked to the libertine attitudes of the Accademia.
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Upon the death of his father in 1807, he joined the freethinking household of his mother at Auteuil, and spent two years mixing with the literary set of the so-called "ideologues", philosophers of the 18th-century school, among whom he made many friends, notably Claude Charles Fauriel. There too he imbibed the anti- Catholic creed of Voltairianism. In 1806–1807, while at Auteuil, he first appeared before the public as a poet, with two works, one entitled Urania, in the classical style, of which he became later the most conspicuous adversary, the other an elegy in blank verse, on the death of Count Carlo Imbonati, from whom, through his mother, he inherited considerable property, including the villa of Brusuglio, thenceforward his principal residence.
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Annie Laurie Gaylor has argued in her collection of writings by female freethinkers that "the women's movement has not acknowledged the debt it owes to the unorthodox, freethinking women in its ranks. Their non-religious views often have been suppressed, as if shameful, when in fact repudiation of patriarchal religion is an essential step in freeing women." Indeed, "the status of women and the history of the women's rights movement cannot be understood except in the context of women's fight to be free from religion ... if there was one cause which had a logical and consistent affinity with freethought, it was feminism."A. L. Gaylor (ed.), Women Without Superstition: "No Gods – No Masters" (Madison, WI.: Freedom from Religion Press, 1997), pp. xiii-xv.
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The Dictionary of National Biography identified him tentatively as the son of Owen Roydon who co-operated with Thomas Proctor in 1578 in the latter's Gorgious Gallery of Gallant Inventions; and as the Mathew Royden who graduated M.A. at Oxford on 7 July 1580. He was soon afterwards a prominent figure in literary society in London, and knew the poets of the day, including Philip Sidney, Christopher Marlowe, Edmund Spenser, Thomas Lodge, and George Chapman.:s:Roydon, Matthew (DNB00) Roydon fell in with Marlowe, and he, Thomas Harriot, and William Warner are mentioned among those companions of the dramatist who shared his freethinking. Christopher Hill has suggested that Roydon may have been the author of Willobie His Avisa (1594), published by Henry Willobie (quite possibly pseudonymous but unidentified).
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From 1837 to 1841 Molesworth sat for Leeds, and acquired considerable influence in the House of Commons by his speeches and by his tact in presiding over the select committee on Penal transportation. But his Radicalism made little impression either on the house or on his constituency. In 1839 he commenced and carried to completion, at a cost of £6000, a reprint of the entire miscellaneous and voluminous writings of Thomas Hobbes, which were placed in most of the English university and provincial libraries. The publication did him great disservice in public life, his opponents endeavouring to identify him with the freethinking opinions of Thomas Hobbes in religion as well as with the philosopher's conclusions in favor of despotic government.
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Chandler's answer was contained in The Witnesses of the Resurrection of Jesus re-examined, and their testimony proved entirely consistent (London, 1744). John Leland, in his overview of deist writers, called it a 'very valuable treatise' that showed 'great clearness and judgement'Leland, John, A View of the Principal Deistical Writers that have appeared in England in the last and present century (London, 1754), p.280-1. His apologetic, Plain Reasons for Being a Christian (London, 1730), was a more indirect reply to freethinking critiques of Christianity. It was advanced on the same grounds, however, making its appeal to 'the Truth and Reason of Things' arrived at by a 'free and rational Choice'Chandler, Samuel, Plain Reason for Being a Christian (London, 1730), p.3.
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Forty senior journalists from around the country, alumni of JNU, condemned the arrests stating that every University should protect dissenting members however unpalatable they may be to the mainstream opinion. They chastised the "government in power" for using the incidents as a ruse to attack a higher education institution and regarded at as a part of the attacks on dissent and freethinking. A group of professors from the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay said that the state cannot dictate the many meanings of what it means to be "Indian" or mandate the meaning of "nationalism." Lyricist and film director Gulzar said that he felt he and his country to be safe when he saw youngsters raising their voices in dissent.
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But after the Decembrist revolt of December 1825 it became a conservative pro-government publication. By his own admission, Bulgarin worked with the chief of the Third Section, Count Alexander von Benckendorff, and used the knowledge gained by his position in writing reports for the police. Northern Bee enjoyed a monopoly on political news and Bulgarin used its platform to express in various ways his disgust for constitutionalism and the parliamentary speakers in France and England, representing them as screamers and freethinkers in need of looking after by the police. Having begun by publishing Pushkin and Ryleyev, including an enthusiastic review of the latter's poem "Voynarovsky", the paper turned to harassing Pushkin, mocking his antics and reproaching him for freethinking.
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He also participates in the refoundation of the francophone Anarchist Federation in 1953. Around 1967 Bontemps alongside Maurice Joyeux and Guy Bodson on the francophone Anarchist Federation's journal Le Monde libertaire had an exchange of criticism with the Situationist International to which he was responded by Guy Debord and others on that organization."To the editorial committee of Le Monde Libertaire" by [Michele Bernstein, [Guy] Debord, [Herbert] Holl, [Mustapha] Khayati, [Donald] Nicholson-Smith]"Subversive Remarks Tough Customers!" by Maurice Joyeux"What is 'Situationism'?" by Guy Bodson He was a prolific author mainly in the anarchist, freethinking, pacifist and naturist press of the time. His view on anarchism was based around his concept of "Social Individualism" on which he wrote extensively.
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In the years before the First World War, three Britons are drawn into fraught and ultimately tragic relations: Anglican Christopher Tietjens, second son of the lord of the manor of Groby, Yorkshire, who is a disconsolate Tory statistician in London; Catholic Sylvia Satterthwaite, his promiscuous and self-centred socialite wife who has married him knowing that she was already pregnant (possibly by another manas she confesses to her husband in episode 4); and freethinking Valentine Wannop, a young suffragette, pacifist daughter of a lady novelist, who is torn between her idealism and her attraction to "Chrissy". As the war works a profound change on Europe, and Christopher is badly wounded in France, the conflict shatters and rearranges the lives of all three principals, as well as virtually everyone else in their elite circle.
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Hermogenes founded the Annunciation Convent and Saint Trinity Monastery in Khvalynsk, in Volsk the Town Church of Annunciation. Rasputin, Hermogen and Iliodor next to each other in 1906. Alexandra ordered Hermogen banished to a monastery after beating Rasputin with a crucifix; Iliodor went into exile after the attack by Khioniya Guseva in June 1914. In 1905, Hermogenes, probably the most widely respected figure in the Russian Orthodox Church,J.T. Fuhrmann (2013), p. 83 became a friend of Grigori Rasputin from the time he arrived in the capital.E. Radzinsky (2010) The Rasputin File, p Rasputin stayed at Alexander Nevsky Lavra; there he met with Hermogenes and Theophanes of Poltava, who were amazed with his psychological perspicacity. For a time, Bishop Hermogen and Rasputin became allies in the struggle against freethinking and modernism.
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Secular ethics is a branch of moral philosophy in which ethics is based solely on human faculties such as logic, empathy, reason or moral intuition, and not derived from belief in supernatural revelation or guidance—the source of ethics in many religions. Secular ethics refers to any ethical system that does not draw on the supernatural, and includes humanism, secularism and freethinking. A classical example of literature on secular ethics is the Kural text, authored by the ancient Tamil Indian philosopher Valluvar. Secular ethical systems comprise a wide variety of ideas to include the normativity of social contracts, some form of attribution of intrinsic moral value, intuition-based deontology, cultural moral relativism, and the idea that scientific reasoning can reveal objective moral truth (known as science of morality).
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They released a single "Fu Man Chu" featuring Bitty McLean from this album, and in February 2014, released a second single "Bangarang" featuring Dawn Penn and Sharon Shannon. The NJE, a new band with Terry Edwards, released the album Afloat in 2017.Evening Standard Friday 18 August 2017 17:00 JANE CORNWELL Afloat - The NJE review: Experience is paramount Having managed to establish a cult following for their longstanding monthly residency in the East End, freethinking trio The NJE — short for near jazz experience — bring their fluid experimental stylings to CD. Experience is paramount here: bassist Mark Bedford and drummer Simon Charterton are seasoned veterans of the UK’s pop and rock circuit, while multi-instrumentalist Terry Edwards has gigged with everyone from P J Harvey to St Vincent.
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The course of Maurist history and work was checkered by the ecclesiastical controversies that distracted the French Church during the 17th and 18th centuries. Some of the members identified themselves with the Jansenist cause; but the bulk, including nearly all the greatest names, pursued a middle path, opposing the lax moral theology condemned in 1679 by Pope Innocent XI, and adhering to those strong views on grace and predestination associated with the Augustinian and Thomist schools of Roman Catholic theology; and like all the theological faculties and schools on French soil, they were bound to teach the four Gallican articles. Towards the end of the 18th century a rationalistic and freethinking spirit seems to have invaded some of the houses. The congregation (along with all Catholic religious orders) was suppressed in 1790 during the French revolution, and the monks were scattered.
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This was circulated and widely discussed, with scientists sharing Herschel's approach of looking for an answer through laws of nature and rejecting ad hoc miracles as an explanation. Charles Babbage expressed in his Ninth Bridgewater Treatise (1837) a view of "Nature's God" along the lines of a programmer of such laws. Darwin's freethinking brother Erasmus was part of this Whig circle and a close friend of the writer Harriet Martineau, who promoted the Malthusianism underlying the controversial Whig Poor Law reforms (1834) to stop welfare from causing overpopulation and more poverty, which were then being implemented piecemeal in the face of opposition to the new poorhouses. As a Unitarian, Martineau welcomed the radical implications of transmutation of species, which was promoted by Grant and some medical men but anathema to Darwin's Anglican friends who saw it as a threat to the social order.
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" Despite Lane's contempt for Christianity, he described the Bible as containing secret codes hidden by pre-Christian, non-Jewish Aryan masters. Lane stated that this Bible code was carried over into the King James Version, which he believed Sir Francis Bacon had translated. Lane also taught something which he called "Pyramid Prophecy" which according to him, said his name and birth-date were prophesied in the Bible as being connected to the coming of the Antichrist, and embodying the spirits of Mars, Thor, and King David while being described as "the Man of prophecy", the "666 Man" and the "Joseph Smith of Wotanism". Ron McVan dismissed the African-Americans who "zealously emphasize the rigors of 200 years of slavery in this country", and Jews who "rant hysterically and endlessly about an alleged holocaust", while highlighting the "freethinking Aryan pagans, alchemists, and scientists suffered under the Christian pogroms and Inquisition.
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An alien race known as the Boov find near-future Earth a suitable place to call "home". Led by Captain Smek (Steve Martin), they commence their "friendly" invasion of the planet, relocating the humans, whom the Boov deem as simple and backwards, to remote parts of the planet while the Boov inhabit their homes in a quick and bloodless conquest. One of the Boov, named Oh (Jim Parsons), is a more excitable, freethinking member of the species, who decides to invite the Boov to his apartment for a housewarming party, despite the race's antipathy towards him. Not far from Oh is a 14-year-old girl named Gratuity "Tip" Tucci (Rihanna), who drives away through her home city to find her mother Lucy (Jennifer Lopez) after being separated from her during the invasion, leaving her with only her calico cat Pig and fueling her hatred for the Boov.
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Early in March, Darwin moved to London to be near this work, joining Lyell's social circle of scientists and experts such as Charles Babbage, proposes a move on Friday 3 March 1837, Darwin's Journal () backdated from August 1838 gives a date of 6 March 1837 who described God as a programmer of laws. Darwin stayed with his freethinking brother Erasmus, part of this Whig circle and a close friend of the writer Harriet Martineau, who promoted Malthusianism underlying the controversial Whig Poor Law reforms to stop welfare from causing overpopulation and more poverty. As a Unitarian, she welcomed the radical implications of transmutation of species, promoted by Grant and younger surgeons influenced by Geoffroy. Transmutation was anathema to Anglicans defending social order, but reputable scientists openly discussed the subject and there was wide interest in John Herschel's letter praising Lyell's approach as a way to find a natural cause of the origin of new species.
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In the second half of the seventeenth century, partially out of being tired with the religious wars, partially influenced by early enlightenment, several countries adopted some sort of tolerance for other denominations, e.g. the Peace of Westphalia 1653 or the Edict of Tolerance in England in 1689. Protestant and freethinking philosophers like John Locke and Thomas Paine, who argued for tolerance and moderation in religion, were strongly influential on the Founding Fathers, and the modern religious freedom and equality underlying religious pluralism in the United States are guaranteed by First Amendment to the United States Constitution, which states: :"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof..." In the United States religious pluralism can be said to be overseen by the secular state, which guarantees equality under law between different religions, whether these religion have a handful of adherents or many millions. The state also guarantees the freedom of those who choose not to belong to any religion.
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An important early letter was published, probably without Montagu's consent, titled "The Genuine Copy of a Letter Written From Constantinople by an English Lady" in 1719. Both in this letter and in the Turkish Embassy Letters more broadly, particularly in the letters about the scholar Achmet Beg, Montagu participates in a wider English dialogue on Enlightenment ideas about religion, particularly deism, and their overlap with Islamic theology. Montagu, along with many others, including the freethinking scholar Henry Stubbe, celebrated Islam for what they saw as its rational approach to theology, for its strict monotheism, and for its teaching and practice around religious tolerance. In short, Montagu and other thinkers in this tradition saw Islam as a source of Enlightenment, as evidenced in her calling the Qur'an "the purest morality delivered in the very best language" By comparison, Montagu dedicated large portions of the Turkish Embassy Letters to criticizing Catholic religious practices, particularly Catholic beliefs around sainthood, miracles, and religious relics, which she frequently excoriated.
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Outside of publishing his own work as a poet, Leonard worked on various compilations of other poet's work, in addition to occasional forays into prose and fiction. Whilst working as Writer in Residence at Renfrew District Libraries in 1990, Leonard compiled Radical Renfrew: Poetry from the French Revolution to the First World War, an anthology of poetry which sought to resurrect the work of long forgotten poets from the West of Scotland and disprove the belief that Scotland at that time was a cultural wasteland,, a belief perpetuated by claims such as those of T. S. Eliot, who once claimed that Scotland has no literary culture. Radical Renfrew wished to dispel this idea, and Leonard in his introduction suggests that in denying the existence of a native Scottish culture, the Scottish people have been denied "the right to equality of dialogue with those in possession of Queen's English or "good" Scots." In 1993, he released Places of the Mind, a biographical novel based on the seminal Scottish author James Thomson. Best known for his epic poem The City of Dreadful Night, Thomson’s life and works are captured by Leonard in a study of poetry, alcoholism and freethinking.
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In addition to LGBT people and immigrants, women are also disproportionately victimised by religion-based scapegoating for natural disasters: fanatical religious leaders or adherents may claim that a god or gods are angry with women's independent, freethinking behaviour, such as dressing 'immodestly', having sex or abortions if they so choose. For example, Hindutva party Hindu Makkal Katchi and others blamed women's struggle for the right to enter the Sabarimala temple for the August 2018 Kerala floods, purportedly inflicted by the angry god Ayyappan. After an earthquake struck on 26 September 2019 near Istanbul, Turkey, Islamists blamed the disaster on women, and harassed random women in the streets; a similar Islamist backlash against women occurred after the 1999 İzmit earthquake. In response to Iranian Islamic cleric Kazem Seddiqi's accusation of women dressing immodestly and spreading promiscuity being the cause of earthquakes, American student Jennifer McCreight organised the Boobquake event on 26 April 2010: she encouraged women around the world to participate in dressing immodestly all at the same time while performing regular seismographic checks to prove that such behaviour in women causes no significant increase in earthquake activity.
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In France the revolutionary leader and former bishop Henri Grégoire published a vitriolic open letter taking grave exception to Barlow's secularist point of view, and this was extensively reprinted in the United States. Barlow responded with a pamphlet, Letter to Henri Grégoire…in Reply to his Letter on the Columbiad, which was likewise reprinted in many American newspapers, keeping the poem in the public eye. Partly as a result of this controversy sales of The Columbiad continued healthy, but by the 1820s interest in the poem was waning, either because it was too concerned with the issues of its own day, because the evangelized American public at the time of the Second Great Awakening were not ready to take such a freethinking work to its heart, or because Barlow's Augustan conception of epic poetry seemed hopelessly old-fashioned in a Romantic age. In 1829 it was being reported that The Columbiad "is now fallen quite into neglect", and in 1900 Barrett Wendell said that "few mortals now living have more than glanced at [it]". The Columbiad’s standing has not greatly improved in modern times.
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He had been interested in freethought since the 1820s, joining the Freethinking Christians, a small sect. However, after his expulsion for questioning a decision by its leader, Hetherington had written a pamphlet exposing what he saw as the group's hypocrisy.Wiener, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.Hetherington, Henry, Principles and Practice contrasted (1828). Retrieved 5 April 2020. In another pamphlet he had advocated a primitive Christianity without clergy,Hetherington, Henry, Cheap Salvation, or, an Antidote to Priestcraft (1832, reprinted 1843). and in 1840 he had been imprisoned for four months for publishing an allegedly blasphemous book, C. J. Haslam's Letters to the Clergy of All Denominations.Wiener, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.Hetherington, Henry, A Full Report of the Trial of Henry Hetherington, on an Indictment for Blasphemy (1840) In 1846 his commitment to freethought led to a rift with Lovett, after which Hetherington left the NA to join the atheist George Holyoake at the Literary and Scientific Institution, John Street.Weiner, William Lovett, p. 106. The John Street Institution was one of Robert Owen's London basesHarrison, J. F. C., Robert Owen and the Owenites in Britain and America (Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1969) p. 225 and during the 1840s Hetherington reconnected with mainstream Owenism.
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