The answer to a politics of right-wing illiberalism is not a politics of left-wing illiberalism.
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If the past century holds a lesson for Jews, it's to beware every form of illiberalism, including the illiberalism of those who purport to be on our side.
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It's about whether the illiberalism of today is really worse than the illiberalism of yesteryear, and whether the critiques of the campus left accurately describe anyone who holds real power.
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It's a slope that leads to illiberalism, violence, & collapse.
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Commentary On both sides of the Atlantic, illiberalism is flourishing.
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The rise of illiberalism in America is not an accident.
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For the EU, Poland's growing illiberalism presents a grave dilemma.
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On campuses at this point, illiberalism is led by liberals.
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Once again, illiberalism seems ascendant, to the detriment of democracy.
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None of these lines of defense against illiberalism is foolproof.
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This illiberalism is affecting more and more of our nation.
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Do you think people are right to be concerned that this type of illiberalism will only occasion more illiberalism in response to it, and that the result will be a spiral of competing illiberalisms?
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In this column, Trump is the backlash to left-wing illiberalism.
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Unless someday illiberalism comes as a Darcy rather than a Wickham.
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Meanwhile, Obama is an extremely vocal critic of left-wing campus illiberalism.
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Economic, social and physical insecurity have driven the global trend toward illiberalism.
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What Freedom House calls illiberalism is on the rise across Eastern Europe.
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In a recent podcast, Ezra Klein interviewed Yascha Mounk about Donald Trump's illiberalism.
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In the fight against illiberalism, a new liberal vision is slowly being born.
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A cold war will more likely propel than diminish the forces of illiberalism.
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The alternative is further epistemic tribalism and attendant illiberalism, which undermine journalism's health.
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Latin America continues to be a region where illiberalism often meets its match.
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Instead, illiberalism, in the name of liberalism, will be the PC midwife of authoritarianism.
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This wasn't a harbinger of creeping illiberalism; it was a mocking repudiation of it.
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Creeping illiberalism in Turkey, Hungary and Poland threatens the democratic values that underpin NATO.
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The CEU is not just a bulwark against illiberalism in Hungary or Eastern Europe.
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But perhaps it could at least figure out a systematic way to repudiate illiberalism.
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Making such threats to the foundation of America's democracy is a move toward illiberalism.
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But if the United States slides into illiberalism, that has a dramatic symbolic effect.
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Trump's anger, paranoia, dishonesty, and illiberalism operate at human scale, in 140-character bursts.
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What liberals could learn from NeverTrumpers in the coming battle with left-wing illiberalism.
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This move toward left-wing illiberalism is not new, and the list of thinkers who have waged war against that illiberalism, from Arthur Schlesinger Jr. in the 1940s to Christopher Hitchens in the 2000s, amounts to a roll call of liberal honor.
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And herein lies the unnoticed danger that Central Europe's illiberalism poses to the European Union.
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That does not mean Poland will seek to export its illiberalism, as some have supposed.
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What if he let illiberalism drive his actions even as he carefully chose his words?
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Intolerant nationalism, xenophobia and illiberalism are the hallmarks of most of these parties and politicians.
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Administrators now must stop the illiberalism of the activists as a matter of federal policy.
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The primary battle right now is over Poland, which is deepening its descent into illiberalism.
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Authoritarian aggressors, illiberalism, and poverty will flourish in a world of German-American mutual incomprehension.
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A tacit rebuke to Mr Trump's illiberalism, this plays a contradictory role in the mayor's campaign.
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It was a speech about accepting change, even when it's scary, and rejecting illiberalism and hate.
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In the context of growing illiberalism in Western countries as well, the news has been gloomy.
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In many democratic countries, we are seeing a rise in demagogic populism, illiberalism, nationalism and protectionism.
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The battle lines must be drawn between the advocates of liberalism and the forces of illiberalism.
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Several have slid into autocratic illiberalism; others, like Britain, have chosen to withdraw from international commitments.
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The new illiberalism everywhere has its limits, and may not always be genuinely illiberal at all.
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To a large extent, it "must be the people" who push back against illiberalism, she said.
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Yet in many places discussion of trans issues has fallen prey to the illiberalism of identity politics.
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The pull of illiberalism right now seems irresistible, though, as the rightward tilt of Europe makes clear.
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In this way, political contests are bounded and contained, prevented from spilling over into violence or illiberalism.
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If I walked through the door, was I complicit in the destructive illiberalism of the Trump administration?
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The 2020 candidates who seek to oust Trump must defend liberal democracy against illiberalism at home and abroad.
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This matters, because it is another reminder that our constitutional system can bear a tremendous amount of illiberalism.
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Is the rise of Trumpist populism and illiberalism more generally a reaction against decadence or its logical fulfillment?
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Because Mr. Kagame has been masterful at deflecting criticism of his illiberalism by pointing to Rwanda's economic performance.
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It seems just as likely, though, that two kinds of illiberalism have joined in an uneasy and unstable alliance.
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Preventing the normalization of Orban's illiberalism would send a vital signal that Americans can still lead in the world.
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The Weinstein saga is just the latest installment in a series of similar instances of illiberalism on American campuses.
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He has put forward a foreign policy vision that pits democratic peoples everywhere against illiberalism at home and abroad.
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Rather, rewarding advocates of intolerance with a cushy position reveals a misunderstanding of how the forces of illiberalism work.
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From Beijing to Budapest, authoritarianism and illiberalism have been given a boost by Trump as alternative models to liberal democracy.
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Resisting that, rather than fretting about illiberalism, must be where the opponents of Mr Orban and his ilk devote their efforts.
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We've advanced beyond illiberalism, beyond accepting hate and division as a way of life, beyond the insecurity that drives such actions.
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The current slowdown is mostly collateral damage, the result of an erosion of trust caused by the country's drift toward illiberalism.
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Opting out of that struggle, as many Jewish Americans exasperated with Israeli illiberalism seem inclined to do, means forfeiting that soul.
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Punishing houses of worship for their spiritual beliefs veers into precisely the kind of illiberalism that Democrats are hoping to overthrow.
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That's why the intelligent conservative has no time either for illiberalism, often of the right, or relativism, typically of the left.
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One possibility that has been much discussed is that it will be seen as the dawn of America's descent into illiberalism.
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Italy's uncertain future What does this outcome mean for Italy, and how does this vote add to the trending illiberalism within Europe?
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Sceptics note that Hungary, which is far further down the path of illiberalism than Poland, has never faced serious repercussions in Brussels.
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The Visegrad group once aimed to accelerate its members' integration into the EU. Its turn towards illiberalism presents Europe with a problem.
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True, its image has recently lost some of its shine as a result of illiberalism in member states like Hungary and Poland.
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I still think the American ideal of multiethnic social democracy is worth pursuing, and worth defending from illiberalism in all its guises.
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But if the last year has taught us anything, it's that predictions are futile in the face of resurgent irrationalism and illiberalism.
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As for Mr. Farage, for all of his boorishness and illiberalism, he remains one of the great radicals of the postwar period.
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The new divide in European politics is not between left and right, it is between nationalist illiberalism and pro-European liberal democracy.
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A quarter-century after the post-Cold War zenith of liberal democracies and neoliberal economics, illiberalism and authoritarianism are on the march.
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I asked him why the distinction between democracy and liberalism is so crucial, and why illiberalism is a natural outgrowth of democracy.
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The rise of illiberalism and right-wing populism across Europe is scaling back democratic checks and balances and raising the potential for corruption.
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Trump may be aligning himself with the global forces of illiberalism and racism, but we don't have to follow him down that path.
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As in Hungary, the problems in Slovakia lie less in an ideologically coherent "illiberalism" than in the temptations of embezzlement and nobbled judiciaries.
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The populist rulers of present-day Venezuela claim Miranda as a forebear, but his hurly-burly life is a rebuke to their illiberalism.
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His critique of democracy is wildly exaggerated, and there's a streak of illiberalism in his thought that ought to offend the modern reader.
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It's something I've realized as I watch these developing countries move toward democracies: They tend to spiral downwards into various sorts of illiberalism.
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What we're learning is that authoritarian politicians have figured out how to achieve a balance between liberalism and illiberalism that keeps people satisfied.
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In response to the burgeoning illiberalism of European governments including Hungary, the EU adopted a framework for protecting the rule of law in 2014.
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My objection to it has always been the illiberalism of it restricting freedom of speech; that to me the most serious aspect of it.
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No political dinner party in Brussels, Paris or Berlin is complete without the observation that the shroud of illiberalism is settling on central Europe.
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Like others that preceded it, his essay published Tuesday, "Democrats Finally Wake Up to the Dangers of Illiberalism," suffers from a familiar category error.
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Debating the interests of the Democratic Party confines the imagination; rising illiberalism in the United States is a deeper problem than the Trump presidency.
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All of that is, of course, true: Trump's illiberalism, and his predilection for inserting and expanding corruption wherever he can, is hardly a secret.
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Fueling both anti-Americanism and illiberalism and most damning of all, it managed to meddle almost unopposed in U.S. politics, all on Obama&aposs watch.
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Although critical of PiS's illiberalism, Mr Biedron has little sympathy for its arch-rival, the centrist Civic Platform (PO), which governed from 2007 to 2015.
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Poland has followed Hungary's slide into illiberalism under Viktor Orban, and the Czech Republic is run by Andrej Babis, a Trumpy tycoon prone to scandal.
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Three decades on, nationalism, nativism and illiberalism are ascendant, from Donald Trump's United States, to Jaroslaw Kaczynski's Poland, to Daw Aung San Suu Kyi's Myanmar.
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In a December Washington Post column, Zakaria revisited his 1997 essay and asked a more pointed question: Is illiberalism now ascendant in the United States?
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From Hungary and Poland to the Philippines to America, the forces of illiberalism—the authoritarians, the nativists, the nationalists, the racial supremacists, the kleptocrats—are resurgent.
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At the Center for a New American Security, a new program tracks "High tech illiberalism," which mostly the state surveillance carried out by countries like China.
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An important reason for the unforeseen appeal of illiberalism in the East was therefore the shocking crisis of liberalism within the West that they once idolized.
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Remember, fear pushes everyone toward tribalism, and the more chaotic things get, the easier it will be to scare people, to demagogue, to slide into illiberalism.
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" But she notes with regret: "In American history, liberals have failed, time and again, to defeat illiberalism except by making appeals to national aims and ends.
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Yet they may be considered imitators of Trump in the sense that, with him as the American president, their illiberalism has become an ascendant political force.
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They lean on old arguments persuasive largely to other liberals, doing little to counteract the narrative of crisis from which the new illiberalism gets its force.
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You do not have to reach far back into the mists to realize there is nothing in our nature that precludes illiberalism or that ensures progress.
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But the current turbulence requires factoring in critical geopolitical trends like the rise of illiberalism in Europe, Trump administration trade policies, and China's Belt and Road initiative.
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It repeatedly flirts with illiberalism: witness the fashion for no-platforming heterodox speakers in universities, putting "trigger warnings" on books and privileging group rights over individual rights.
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This is radical anti-Americanism—not simply illiberalism or anti-cosmopolitanism—because America is not only a nation but also an idea, cleanly if not tightly defined.
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If these are the conditions of international relations, then the aim of American foreign policy should be to stand against this rising tide of illiberalism and oligarchy.
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My advice to traditional liberals is not to repeat the establishment Republican mistake of not taking the threat of populist illiberalism seriously, and of not fighting it fiercely.
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"They lean on old arguments persuasive largely to other liberals, doing little to counteract the narrative of crisis from which the new illiberalism gets its force," he wrote.
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With Trump as president, especially if he secures reelection, illiberalism could become an increasingly important force in countries that had previously been numbered among the world's liberal democracies.
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Trump is now pursuing his own goals, using many of the tools bequeathed to him by his predecessors, at a time when global illiberalism is on the march.
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Wherever it springs up, illiberalism assumes a familiar form: more corruption, greater restrictions on assembly and speech, constraints on the press, retribution against political opponents, oppression of minorities.
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Trump's illiberalism—his cockeyed expressions of admiration for such leaders as Vladimir Putin, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, and Rodrigo Duterte, and his heedless detachment from American norms—betrays that faith.
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We're seeing an uptick in hate crimes in society tied to Trump's rise, and the last thing we need on campuses is reciprocal illiberalism, this time led by liberals.
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The Trump era has changed that, and exposed a real philosophical quandary: What do institutions dedicated to protecting an open society do when faced with the forces of illiberalism?
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That "stopping political correctness" was, for him, not only synonymous with but contingent upon the continued subjugation of certain minorities, indicates the illiberalism in which anti-PC reactionaries are steeped.
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Her personal narrative, which parallels the dark forces of 20th-century politics, makes her uniquely qualified to identify and call out the trends of illiberalism in the current political climate.
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The EU's most pressing clash with illiberalism among its members is not in Poland but in Hungary, whose prime minister, Viktor Orban, has been testing the club's tolerance for years.
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International celebration of these instances of liberal democratic values winning out—in a world marked by growing international illiberalism—have to be tempered by an awareness of historical precedent, however.
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Central European governments like that of Poland also object to Mr Timmermans, who as vice-president of the outgoing commission has been a sturdy opponent of illiberalism in the region.
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His ultimate goal won't be "economic populism" but the fracturing and weakening of ideals and political norms that have served as bulwarks against white supremacy and other forms of illiberalism.
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But while Orbán may have trouble actively promoting illiberalism, Hungarian-style soft fascism — particularly its clever, quiet undermining of the electoral system — could blossom abroad even without his direct assistance.
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Had Ms. Merkel fallen, even temporarily, the European Union would have lost one of its last stalwart advocates — at a time when the forces of illiberalism are growing even stronger.
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All that can be said for now is that, in such a moment, illiberalism and xenophobia in the hands of a would-be autocrat will make for a dangerous brew.
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Still, betting on American institutions to constrain illiberalism has generally gone rather poorly this year, so it's worth keeping an eye on what happens in North Carolina in the coming weeks.
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If "illiberalism" means the freedom to choose who may or may not live in your country, then Mr Orban will happily don the mantle—and most of his compatriots will agree.
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Today that tradition lives on in coverage of illiberalism in the region and in suggestions that Europe's future involves a permanent and exclusive integrationist vanguard, and a more sceptical outer layer.
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If enough Americans unite across racial lines to replace Trump with a Jewish socialist, it might mean that our country is figuring out how to transcend the illiberalism of our age.
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More than that, he wishes to spread illiberalism to other countries in Europe and beyond, teaming up with the white nationalist Steve Bannon and Italy's far-right Interior Minister, Matteo Salvini.
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As Democrats became the party of civil rights, the G.O.P. could attract working-class whites by catering to their social and racial illiberalism, even while pursuing policies that hurt ordinary workers.
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Most leaders know they have no destiny outside the EU. That calls for a two-track approach: leaning harder on governments that tolerate lawlessness or illiberalism, and renewing the commitment to enlargement.
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The fact that Republicans are defending Gianforte and conservative journalists piled on Jacobs isn't confusing or an outgrowth of "broken politics," but the inevitable consequence of virulent illiberalism in the American right.
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Do you really want to look on now, a spectator like Switzerland, as Europe retreats into illiberalism and protectionism, and its eastern fringes drift into the orbit of a neo-imperial Russia?
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Finally, David Remnick, in the lead essay in the new issue of The New Yorker, explains why this debate matters so much: The next American election is a referendum on Trump's illiberalism.
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For him, the ideological struggle of the 21st century doesn't pit a liberal, democratic America against illiberal, authoritarian opponents, but instead pits liberal, democratic peoples everywhere against illiberalism at home and abroad.
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If the war against illiberalism takes place on many fronts, including the economic and the cultural, then one domain where the revanchists are clearly gaining power is in the realm of the transcendent.
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" Charles A. Kupchan, an adviser on European affairs during the Obama administration, said the new laws were "yet another sign of the rising tide of illiberalism that has taken hold in Central Europe.
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For starters, the task of battling the illiberalism and nativist economic thought that permeates politics in the United States, Britain, Italy and beyond has fallen, through a process of elimination, to the French president.
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It is worth considering the possibility that there are ways in which we got lucky with Trump — illiberalism comes in many forms, and some are much more compelling, effective, and persistent than he is.
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Thiel's illiberalism—and the tech industry's tolerance for it in a year when the measure of human decency was horrifically recalibrated—aren't anomalies, but evidence of Silicon Valley's decades-long descent into moral bankruptcy.
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He pursued these avenues of inquiry in the essays collected in "The Failure of Illiberalism: Essays on the Political Culture of Modern Germany" (21999) and "Dreams and Delusions: The Drama of German History" (22013).
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Donald Trump did not ignite but merely joined a miserable, destabilizing trend of illiberalism that has been under way for years in Russia, Turkey, China, India, Southeast Asia, and Western, Eastern, and Central Europe.
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More recently, he has dropped the illiberalism in favor of a "Christian democracy," but one sharply different from the policies of the Western European Christian and social democratic parties, whom he regards as effete.
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The illiberalism of these new radicals is mirrored among the new reactionaries, a group defined by skepticism of democracy and egalitarianism, admiration for more hierarchical orders, and a willingness to overthrow the Western status quo.
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Turkish policymakers eagerly jump on any perceived American or European backtracking on freedom of expression issues, using these events to draw false comparisons to the domestic situation and to deflect international condemnation of Turkish illiberalism.
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And what has happened to our discourse — and how we do we make necessary progress — when hate is answered by hate, prejudice is echoed by prejudice, extremism begets extremism and ostensible liberalism practices abject illiberalism?
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As this crisis has developed and encompassed grievances beyond the economic — immigration and national identity above all — it has been covered more and more as a clash between liberalism and illiberalism, between freedom and authoritarianism.
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The aftermath of the incident had made Murray a martyr for free speech, and Harris brought him on the show in part as a statement of disgust with the illiberalism that had greeted Murray on campus.
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But over the years he came to believe that counterterrorism was creating more problems than it solved, fuelling illiberalism and hysteria, destroying communities overseas, and diverting attention and resources from essential problems in the United States.
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Whatever hopes remain of a decent conservative movement rest in rejecting the illiberalism he now embraces — the one that would close the door to some future Ahmari, embarking on an experiment in living all his own.
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After the one-two punch of Brexit and Trump, Europeans are watching every coming election, from Austria to the Netherlands to France, for fear it could become the next staging post in the long march to illiberalism.
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"I have the weird sense this is the future — it feels like the transition to something new," Michael Ignatieff, the president of the Budapest-based and Soros-funded Central European University, told me of Orban's ascendant illiberalism.
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Many predict that Austria will be the first of still-more European states to fall to democratic illiberalism — in much the same way as Hungary and Poland, whose governments are both stacked with politicians of the far right.
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Roger Cohen Poland's lurch into illiberalism and rewritten history, following the well-trodden Hungarian path toward the curtailment of democracy, is the most alarming political development in Europe since the fall of the Berlin Wall almost three decades ago.
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Gessen, a child of the Soviet Union, offers up a portrait of Vladimir Putin as a man formed by his many years in the K.G.B. She finds the roots of his illiberalism, his secrecy, his disregard for democratic norms.
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China, the world's most successful economy over the past 133 years and likely to be its largest over the coming 213, is growing less liberal, not more, and its state-led, quasi-capitalist illiberalism is attracting admirers across the emerging world.
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Asli Aydintasbas, of the European Council on Foreign Relations, points out that the legislation Turkey passed in the 2000s as part of its EU membership bid, which was still on track back then, has hardly stopped Mr Erdogan's march towards illiberalism.
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Mitchell's tenure, which began under then-secretary of state Rex Tillerson, was marked by a push to engage those parts of Europe — specifically, Central Europe, with its rising illiberalism — that the Obama administration had made a point of ignoring over human rights differences.
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The conventional wisdom among liberals is that a struggle is now underway between a monolithic liberalism and a monolithic illiberalism—or even more simplistically, between "open" and "closed" world views, which have replaced the traditional political fault-line of left v right.
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"Unlike most other liberal media outlets, the idea here isn't to embody a specific political ideal or partisan goal, but to represent the whole swath of liberalism, defined broadly in contrast to the tide of illiberalism sweeping free societies everywhere," reads the Crooked.
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Now, on the eve of European Parliament elections likely to result in a rightist lurch, it has an anti-immigrant, populist government whose strongman, Matteo Salvini, known to his followers as "the Captain," is the Continent's most seductive exponent of the new illiberalism.
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Philosophers from Karl Popper to John Rawls have wrestled with the "paradox of tolerance": Liberals must admit illiberal voices to the public forum, but at some point, liberals have to take a stand against illiberalism, lest they be destroyed — along with tolerance itself.
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You do not have to like Mrs May's economic and social illiberalism to take it seriously; it is popular, and for reasons liberals must examine closely (I still think moving the capital from London to Manchester and confronting, really confronting, the housing crisis would help).
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Most people, including many self-identified Republicans, want to see higher taxes on the rich and increased spending on social programs; however, quite a few people combine these sentiments with racial hostility and social illiberalism, which is why they seem to vote against their own economic interests.
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" Remnick represented their arguments well in his memo, writing, "The main argument for not engaging someone like Bannon is that we are giving him a platform and that he will use it, unfiltered, to propel further the 'ideas' of white nationalism, racism, anti-Semitism, and illiberalism.
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While "reflecting on the complexity of shaping policy in a post-truth world," as its website says, the nearly 60-year old organization faces a new set of challenges in the form of growing trade protectionism and a shift toward illiberalism among some of its member states.
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Nor do the pressures on the system from social fragmentation and economic stagnation yet look strong enough to overcome the stabilizing effects of the developed world's great wealth, the risk aversion bred by age and habit, the fearful memories of what the last age of illiberalism wrought.
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Ever since the murders, in 2002 and 2004 respectively, of the taboo-trampling politician Pim Fortuyn and the movie director Theo van Gogh who had explored suffocated female sexuality under Islam, the Netherlands has been Exhibit A in Europe's questioning of multiculturalism and the political potency of illiberalism.
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Years of progress made in smothering corruption, encouraging democracy, and combating Russian revanchism could all go up in smoke—all because Giuliani's ghoulishness knows no depths, and his unalloyed illiberalism just so happens to benefit a president willing to go to unprecedented, and unsettling, lengths to assure re-election.
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Another way to put it is that social justice theory encourages the consideration of privilege in order to prevent people from being so blinded by their own perspective that they look at America's political past and declaim this the era in which we departed from political proceduralism and collapsed into illiberalism.
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The aim of the program, called Countering High-Tech Illiberalism, as it's described on the Web site for the Quadrivium foundation, founded by James and his wife, Kathryn, is "to craft effective, practical, actionable, and ambitious policies domestically and abroad" that impair illiberal populism, such as fighting disinformation and electoral interference.
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Many American pundits seem to firmly believe that the country stands at a precipice in which young, left-wing college students and recent graduates are the leading edge of a rising tide of illiberalism that comes in the form of "political correctness" and poses a clear and present danger to free speech and rational discourse.
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If Trump can actually manage to make this happen — by installing cronies at the Justice Department who will shut down investigations he doesn't like and start up ones he wants — it would mean a remarkable slide into illiberalism, and it would violate decades' worth of norms in American government and about the rule of law.
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Nonetheless, Macron deserves support for leading the charge against illiberalism and in favour of the multilateralism that has brought stability to the world, whether it's drumming up pro-EU sentiment ahead of European parliament elections in 2019 or trying to hold together the Paris Agreement on climate change and the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action with Iran.
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Regardless, the fact remains that, for months, Rasky served as a foreign agent for a government that is perhaps the quintessential post-Soviet kleptocracy: the most brutal and bloodied regime in Europe, overseen by a family acting as the model for the kind of illiberalism and rapaciousness that other regimes in the region struggle to match.
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A balance needs to be struck, but European attempts to restrict what Europeans see as expressions of religious illiberalism — from bans on veils in French schools to permitting a schoolteacher to sue a Muslim man for failure to show her a respect equal to men — may push the weight on the scale of justice beyond the tipping point.
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And at a time when democratic values are under siege around the globe — from populist attacks that undermine confidence in democratic institutions to leaders who try to bolster their power by closing the space for civil society and rolling back citizens' rights — the world cannot afford to have America cede the field to illiberalism and intolerance.
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If Ms. Merkel was reluctant to inherit the mantle of leader of the free world that Barack Obama tried to pass on to her on his last visit to Berlin as president, she has since been emboldened both by the entrenchment of illiberalism and by Mr. Macron's victory over the far-right candidate Marine Le Pen in May.
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Browning worries that Republicans have grown comfortable enough manipulating the rules of the democratic game to their advantage, with things like voter ID laws and gerrymandering, that they might go even further even after Trump is gone: No matter how and when the Trump presidency ends, the specter of illiberalism will continue to haunt American politics.
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In the policy world, unity would mean coming together to: rebuild the national infrastructure so the country can compete globally, pass social programs such as healthcare, invest in new technologies such as clean energy, and work with allies to protect liberal values of democracy, peace and prosperity, individual freedom and free markets at home and worldwide from the challenge of illiberalism, tyranny and national socialism.
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Letters To the Editor: In "The Crisis of Western Civ" (column, April 21), David Brooks argues that the traditional way of teaching the history of the West, as exemplified by Will and Ariel Durant's multivolume study, "The Story of Civilization," gave way in academia to a darker view of the rise of the West, one that stressed a history of oppression, leading in turn to the contemporary waves of illiberalism and authoritarianism.
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I believe that for people who are feeling the worst repercussions of this, they are already experiencing a kind of illiberalism in terms of their lack of access to the kinds of freedoms that liberalism promotes and tries to aspire to; and so for me, that's more of a focus, in terms of trying to mitigate those kinds of problems, than the fears of people who, prior to Trump, thought that everything was fine in the US. Do you anticipate antifa becoming larger and more active?
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