America's bastions of free thought have become hubs of suppression.
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They were not allowed to be educated or have free thought.
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It's a fight against the extinction of free thought and spirit.
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He is all about "free thought" and not being controlled by others.
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From what we've seen Kanye say about "free thought" ... that's highly unlikely.
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Kanye fired back, essentially suggesting Legend was trying to squelch free thought.
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" West wrote back, accusing Legend of trying to "manipulate" his "free thought.
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My 'politics' are simple: I believe in free thought and free speech.
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For generations, our society has protected free press, free speech, and free thought.
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Kanye West stirs up the TMZ newsroom over TRUMP, SLAVERY and FREE THOUGHT.
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Individualism, free thought, resistance to authority; Satan, he said, represented all of them.
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Even the statement was an example of free thought It was just an idea.
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Even the statement was an example of free thought ... It was just an idea.
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The killers attempt to create one barricade after another on the road to free thought.
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This is the nadir of Hollywood's creative bankruptcy, a crime against originality and free thought.
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" And it was Holmes who thoughtfully amended those words a decade later by writing that nothing in the Constitution was more sacred than "the principle of free thought — not free thought for those who agree with us but freedom for the thought that we hate.
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He directly addressed the concern that "free thought" doesn't help the most vulnerable people among us.
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America is a nation of immigrants founded on the ideals of free thought and free speech.
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It's the death of the mind—free thought—that Winston (Tom Sturridge) fights in "1984" (at the Hudson).
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Privacy sustains space for free thought and expression, for the growth that comes from mistakes without public shame.
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" The rapper kept the tweets going, sending messages of unity to his followers, including "love everyone" and "free thought.
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It does not present the impression or volume of beauty but the actualization of it as free thought. w.
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But he's just fighting for free thought and freedom to like a person, even if it's not the popular decision.
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You bringing up my fans or my legacy is a tactic based on fear used to manipulate my free thought.
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" Today, there's no trace of Free Thought University, founded in 19633 to offer courses "untrammeled by Bible, creed, or isms.
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He keeps invoking the concept of "free thought" and clearly rebels at the notion of conforming to black political norms.
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Advertise on Hyperallergic with Nectar Ads "Degenerate Art" has become synonymous with the Nazi war on free thought and expression.
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" The soon-to-be father of four also sent messages of unity to his followers, including "love everyone" and "free thought.
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Since its release, Fahrenheit 451 has remained an enduring classic for its condemnation of censorship and the suppression of free thought.
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In a way, it served as evidence of his argument — his free thought too liquid for the rigidity of the show.
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They're committed to the belief that setting up no-go zones and no-go people is inherently corrupting to free thought.
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"Free thought and all-embracing tolerance," two values famously preached by the 1919 university leadership, remain the school's often-touted distinctive identity.
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But he's just fighting for free thought and for the freedom to like a person even if it's not the popular decision.
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Kanye West, continuing his controversy tour 2018, spoke Tuesday to TMZ Live about slavery, free thought and his love for President Trump.
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" West responded: "You bringing up my fans or my legacy is a tactic based on fear used to manipulate my free thought.
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De Cleyre was just 453 when she began writing and lecturing on Free Thought, a questioning of traditional religious and social beliefs.
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"When you start ridiculing and looking down on people for their views then you undermine the democracy of free thought," he says.
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We need to start worrying about ourselves and not worrying about what other people think, and we have the right to free thought.
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Smoke isn't just a sign of degeneracy, but of vitality and free thought: "It's the animal part of us that will not serve."
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I think now is a time of free thought if you look across the broader picture of thousands of years of Chinese history.
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It's the systematic elimination of free speech, free assembly, and free thought via any means necessary, including violent protest, the media and Orwellian revisionism.
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While social media can facilitate the circulation of ideas and the defense of free thought, they also depend on profit-chasing and maximizing saleable engagement.
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The Virginia Supreme Court rejected one such request in 2014, saying it would cause "impairment of free thought and expression" at the University of Virginia.
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In the song, West waxes philosophically about unity, love, and free thought — oddly contrarian themes that have cropped in his recent Twitter screeds as of late.
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While appreciative of the attention to atheists and agnostics in Mark Oppenheimer's article, I dispute the cartoonish caricature of the free-thought movement and its conferences.
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The free-thought movement as a whole is scrupulous in weeding out sexism and is predicated in part on freeing women from control by misogynistic religions.
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Now, he says, Middlebury may prove an "inflection point" — where colleges yield the lectern to intolerant liberals, hastening a bastion of free thought toward its demise.
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It's not too much to ask, however, that colleges and universities which draw on public support actually serve as repositories of free inquiry and free thought.
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Xi offends global values by detaining more than one million Muslims in the Xinjiang region, arresting lawyers and Christians, and steadily squeezing out space for free thought.
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" In Weiss's description, dark web intellectuals are "committed to the belief that setting up no-go zones and no-go people is inherently corrupting to free thought.
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"If you have an algorithm which is constantly pointing you in different directions, manipulating your thoughts or your purchasing decisions, you can't call that free thought," he adds.
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In a country riven by ethnic and religious differences, this amounted to no less than a revolution, and selling parents on the virtues of free thought required a sly ingenuity.
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" A month after that, he tweeted a story about French women denouncing #MeToo, writing, "I find their statement brave and thought-provoking, representing free-thought and skepticism at its best.
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Stability and the liberal state protected free thought and private property: It wasn't long before intelligent individuals figured out how to use the former to acquire more of the latter.
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"No Safe Spaces," which recently opened in theaters, exposes "the attack on free speech and free thought" against conservative speakers at universities across the country, according to its promotional material.
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And yet, if we think of propaganda more broadly as a tool for stifling free thought, then maybe these new forms of propaganda aren't all that different from their historical precursors.
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In the 19th century, Western and Central New York were such hotbeds of social revolution, free thought, dubious science and new religions that they were known as the Burned-Over District.
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"I understand the need to have free thought, but if your thoughts aren't researched, that is just going to hurt those that are still in conditions where it's not choice," he said.
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"There is only one way to counter bad ideas and it is with good ideas," says Jonathan Rauch, Brookings Institution scholar and author of Kindly Inquisitors: The New Attacks on Free Thought.
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Hours after the story ran, online magazine Quillette — a self-described "platform for free thought" — announced that Ngo was leaving his job there as an editor and removed him from the masthead.
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Breaking the law The Grenoble Tribunal Administration first filed a request to the Publier authority in January 2015 after a local group called "The Free Thought Federation of Haute-Savoie" requested a review.
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N.Y.U. has caught plenty of flak for locating liberal arts programs in countries ruled by monarchs and Communists, but it contends that its schools are unimpeded bastions of free thought in illiberal environments.
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For nearly three decades CEU has been a gateway to the West for thousands of students from ex-communist eastern Europe, offering U.S.-accredited degree programs in an academic climate that celebrates free thought.
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"Under the guise of speech codes and safe spaces and trigger warnings, these universities have tried to restrict free thought, impose total conformity, and shut down the voices of great young Americans," he said.
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BUDAPEST (Reuters) - Thousands of Hungarians protested in central Budapest on Wednesday against what they fear is a crackdown on free thought and education by government proposals to restrict foreign universities and non-government organisations.
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In two interviews released Tuesday, with Charlamagne and "TMZ," Mr. West emphasized the importance of "free thought" and "free love," trying to contextualize his acceptance of Mr. Trump as part of a broader philosophy.
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As a recent college graduate, I know all too well the degree to which the climate on college campuses has become inhospitable to intellectual diversity and free thought, especially on issues relating to race and gender.
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Since it was founded by Soros in 1991, CEU has been a gateway to the West for thousands of students from eastern Europe, offering U.S.-accredited graduate degree programs in an academic climate that celebrates free thought.
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West also started tweeting about the merits of free thought, connecting it to his support of Trump, but many of his followers felt he was deliberately ignoring any arguments against the president without educating himself on current issues.
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Participants in the demonstration held outside the historic buildings of Corvinus University on the bank of the Danube river, said the academic climate symbolized by the CEU, one which celebrates free thought and open debate, needed to be defended.
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In a world in which West became the MAGA Hatter just over a month ago, stating slavery is a choice and spouting nonsense about free thought, it was difficult to see if this was a joke or a critique.
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V for Vendetta is primarily about the education of Evey, who — in the graphic novel and the film's most riveting sequence — is completely broken down, emotionally and physically, so she can understand how vital it is to preserve some sliver of free thought.
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The American Institute of Architects—along with several other institutions, architecture critics, and publications—swiftly published vehement denunciations to this plan, on the grounds that it would stifle architecture and violate the free thought and artistic expression that are essential to a democracy.
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And here Kanye is, doing just that: tweeting his love for Peter Thiel—a man who is doing everything he can with his money and power to destroy the right to free thought—and wearing a red Make America Great Again hat.
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It was precisely this longing for freedom, free thought and artistic fulfillment that eventually led to my escape to the West some years later when the repressions, censorship and restrictions we experienced as intellectual, progressive jazz-rock musicians in Hungary became unbearable.
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They know their son or daughter was shot because their skin color evoked fear Legend's point is that Kanye might be able to afford indulging in abstract "free thought," but many people affected by Trump's actual policies — many people who may overlap with Kanye's fan base — can't.
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People reacted by saying West had finally hit the point of no return, sharing memes of the rapper in the "sunken place," and laughing at the hypocrisy of West championing free speech and free thought while showing admiration for the man who spent a fortune to shutter Gawker.
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The dispute seems to illustrate the conflict between those who view cultural institutions as bastions of free thought that should embrace activism and those who think that, to protect the primacy of the performance, political statements should be limited to those made by the artists and the art.
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" As for his thoughts on West's current "free thought" phase, he's reticent, explaining that "I don't like talking about other people," but noting that during that previously mentioned phone call, Kanye seemingly instructed Cole to foster further discourse: "When he called me he said, 'I need you to hold me accountable.
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If you don't remember what you read in middle school, A Wrinkle in Time is the story of a young girl named Meg Murry on a mission to save her scientist father, who has been taken prisoner by a dark force in the universe intent on crushing free thought and free will.
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" In the interview with Quillette — a "platform for free thought" which has published many trans-critical articles — Littman elaborated that "because this paper was of interest to scientists and non-scientists alike, extra care was taken to make sure that certain terms and concepts were not misconstrued by individuals outside of the scientific community.
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On Thursday, things got even wilder when "free thought" champion and Donald Trump admirer Kanye West tweeted that—more than Keeping up with the Kardashians—Rick and Morty is his favorite thing on TV. Apparently psyched by the news, Roiland asked Kanye to hang out on Twitter—and now it looks like that's actually happening.
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It represents the fear of change; the fear of people who look or speak or pray differently; a contempt for the rule of law that holds leaders accountable; an intolerance of dissent and free thought; a belief that the sword or the gun or the bomb or the propaganda machine is the ultimate arbiter of what's true and what's right.
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It represents the fear of change; the fear of people who look or speak or pray differently; a contempt for the rule of law that holds leaders accountable; an intolerance of dissent and free thought; a belief that the sword or the gun or the bomb or propaganda machine is the ultimate arbiter of what's true and what's right.... Democracy can buckle when we give in to fear.
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" The newspaper will also sponsor a yearly gathering named after Block's grandmother, Dina Wallach Block, who was the wife of newspaper publisher and philanthropist Paul Block Sr. The Dina Wallach Block Symposium will be in "honor of the victims of the Tree of Life shootings and devoted to an exploration of how free speech and free thought can be used to confront hate speech and violence and overcome both with decency and love.
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She was one of the founders of the Foundation for Science and Free Thought in 2012.
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In 1881, Lasker left the National Liberal party and helped form the new German Free Thought Party.
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However a large number of institutions were created by freethinking Czech Americans. The free-thought movement had its origins in Protestantism but could be best described as agnostic. These institutions promoted free-thought philosophy and maintained Czech language and culture. They also created social venues, benevolent societies, and cemeteries.
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After the race is over, competitors can bathe their aching feet in the Széchenyi thermal bath (usually for free thought this can change).
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During the screening, many students began yelling, expressing distaste for the film. Co-founder of Students for Free Thought, Chris Wand, was pleased that the film started a conversation on campus. The Lawrence student government voted against recognizing Students for Free Thought as an official university club. Director/Producer Ted Balaker later wrote an article about the Lawrence University screening.
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The present bylaws of De Vrije Gedachte state it: This poster from c. 1920 calls De Dageraad an "Ass[ociation] to promote the Free Thought".
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A group of activists associated with the old leadership had left the organization and set up in 1926 Polish Association of Free Thought. In 1928. The administrative authorities resolved the Polish Association of. Most of Freethinkers the activists of the banned PAFT joined the Polish Association of Free Thought, which eventually began to refer to leftist slogans, which led to its outlawing in 1936.
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Bezbozhnik» («Godless») 1930, No. 10, p. 8) Charles Lee Smith (1887 – October 26, 1964) was an American atheist, free-thought activist, anti-Semite and white supremacist.
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Trend News Agency (April 11, 2013). "Azerbaijani Prosecutor General's Office denies Free Thought University’s closure" On April 11, 2013, U.S. Ambassador Richard Morningstar gave a speech in support of the Free Thought University because, as he put it, it "offers a delightful forum for thoughtful, engaging discussion – the kind of thing one finds at any good university campus."Embassy of the United States of America Baku. Press Release (April 12, 2013).
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"Ambassador Morningstar Speaks to Free Thought University" After the closure of AFU there has been tremendous support on social media, with many young Azerbaijanis posting status updates, photos, and thoughts about the importance of this project in their lives.Azerbaijan TL;DR (May 1, 2013). "Free Thought University’s Door Sealed" On April 29, the Prosecutor’s Office unsealed the door to AFU and the leadership were allowed to remove the remaining possessions.Contact.az (April 30, 2013).
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Syracuse University Press. pp. 369, . The book has been described as "a compendium of old arguments against religion and belief in God" and "an anthology of free thought."Craig, Edward (1998).
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Open University Press. p. 109 McSweeney was an advocate of the Christ myth theory and lectured on the subject.Davies, Charles Maurice. (1874). Heterodox London: Or, Phases of Free Thought in the Metropolis.
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Józef Landau (Born in 1875, died in November 1933Horizon Information Portal) is a poet, essayist, philosopher, educational activist, assimilationist, a leading representative of the movement of freethought. Member and promoter of the progressives united in the Association of Commercial Employees of the Jews in Warsaw. Since 1921 board member of the main Polish Association of Free Thinkers and chief editor of "Free Thought" (1923–1924) and "Free Life". Delegate to the International Congress of Free Thought in Paris (1925) and Luxembourg (1929).
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Robert Green Ingersoll (; August 11, 1833 – July 21, 1899) was an American writer and orator during the Golden Age of Free Thought, who campaigned in defense of agnosticism. He was nicknamed "The Great Agnostic".
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He established their special collections in London history, labour history, free-thought and humanism. The library hosts the Great Diary Project, founded by Dr Irving Finkel, which by 2020 had collected more than 9,000 unpublished diaries.
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Danchev was praised at the time in the U.S. media as a hero of free speech and free thought and in 1991 the International Federation of Human Rights inaugurated an award for journalists in his name.
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He founded the Sydney University Free Thought Society"No Political Freedom. Professor Anderson's Address." Sydney Morning Herald, 11 July 1931, at Trove which ran from 1931 to 1951. He was president of the society throughout that period.
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The building sits in a one-acre cemetery, where lie many original members of the congregation. At formation, the congregation called itself "The First Free Christian Church of the town of Franklin and Oak Creek," but many of the members admired Thomas Paine for his early writings on free thought, and the meeting place soon became commonly known as the "Painesville Chapel" or "Painesville Cemetery Chapel." Rausch left in 1853, leaving Free Thought to again become a Lutheran pastor. The next speaker was Robert Glatz, a former German priest.
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Julieta Lanteri in 1920. Lanteri worked for a decade in the Public Assistance Bureau of Buenos Aires and in the Emergency Hospital and Dispensary. She campaigned actively for greater access to medical care for the poor early on, and founded a periodical, Semana Médica, for the purpose. She established the Argentine Association of Free Thought in 1905, and remained active in women's rights causes, having joined Grierson, Alicia Moreau de Justo, and others in the establishment of the Center for Feminism at the 1906 International Congress of Free Thought, held in Buenos Aires.
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Polish Association of Free Thought (PAFT) () is a secular movement, appointed in 1926 for a group of former activists of the Polish Association of Freethinkers. Chairman was Zygmunt Radliński in the board entered: Tadeusz Kotarbiński, Józef Landau. In June 1930 PAFT organized in Warsaw Circle of Intellectuals (under the leadership of T. Kotarbinski), which primary aim was to deepen the theoretical principles of free thought and to create a center, grouping intellectuals – thinkers from around the country. From October 1930 to December 1935 Circle seemed own monthly magazine "Rationalist" edited by Józef Landau.
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A Treatise of Civil Power was published by John Milton in February 1659. The work argues over the definition and nature of heresy and free thought, and Milton tries to convince the new English Parliament to further his cause.
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The Fédération nationale de la libre pensée () is a French not-for-profit federation of local associations concerned with free thought. It promotes humanist principles of free enquiry and tolerance on rationalist and scientific principles, and campaigns against dogmatism.
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One group studied Esperanto. Lectures discussed free thought, religion, sex, and hygiene. Margaret Sanger proposed mothers' meetings on birth control. On the weekends, the Center hosted speakers for discussion including journalist Hutchins Hapgood, poet Edwin Markham, and reporter Lincoln Steffens.
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After the Great Fire of 1866, Hacker left Portland and retired to a life of farming in Vineland, New Jersey. He continued to write, sending letters and poems in to Anarchist and Free thought newspapers until his death in 1895.
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He edited a Universalist magazine in Philadelphia 1821–1823; he managed and edited the Olive Branch and Christian Enquirer in New York City in 1828; and he founded the Boston Investigator, an organ of free thought, in Boston in 1832.
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What matters instead, he says, what is "uniquely human", is the "philosophic experience". Bloom also notices a trend in which students notice the devaluing of free thought in universities. He writes about students at Cornell University, that "these students discerned that their teachers did not really believe that freedom of thought was necessarily a good and useful thing, that they suspected that all this was ideology protecting the injustices of our 'system'". Bloom asserts that American professors in the sixties "were not aware of what they no longer believed" and that this notion gravely endangered any capacity for progress towards free thought.
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"Free Society was the principal English-language forum for anarchist ideas in the United States at the beginning of the twentieth century." Anarcha-feminism has voiced opinions and taken action around certain sex-related subjects such as pornography, BDSM and the sex industry. Free thought is a philosophical viewpoint that holds opinions should be formed on the basis of science, logic and reason in contrast with authority, tradition or other dogmas. In the United States, free thought was an anti-Christian, anti-clerical movement whose purpose was to make the individual politically and spiritually free to decide on religious matters.
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Fundacja Harambi w NGO.PL Member of Transparency International (1999–present). Adil was member of the Interim Board, Human Rights Network Advocacy for Democracy –Hand (2011-2016). Adil is a member of the Board of Trustees, Free Thought Centre, Wad Medani, Sudan (2011–Present).
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9 But doubt is not the road to atheism; in fact, doubt is part of a very difficult road to theism.Will to Doubt, p. 27 Bertrand Russell built upon these arguments in subsequent years, even directly referencing Lloyd in Free Thought and Official Propaganda.
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Rationalist () was a Polish magazine published in Warsaw from October 1930 to December 1935 by the Warsaw Circle of Intellectuals, Polish Association of Free Thought. Editor and publisher of "rationalist" was Józef Landau. The leading publicists were: Tadeusz Kotarbiński, Henryk Ułaszyn, and Józef Landau.
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United States (1971). The title of the book is drawn from the dissenting opinion by Supreme Court Associate Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. in United States v. Schwimmer. Holmes wrote that "if there is any principle of the Constitution that more imperatively calls for attachment than any other, it is the principle of free thought—not free thought for those who agree with us but freedom for the thought that we hate." Lewis warns the reader against the potential for government to take advantage of periods of fear and upheaval in a post-9/11 society to suppress freedom of speech and criticism by citizens.
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The Free Thought University was the first organization to receive the Ambassadorial Award for Freedom of Expression over the Internet from the U.S. Mission to the OSCE, awarded during the 2010 Summit in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan. The University received the award for its innovative use of new media to promote democratic reforms, civil society, independent media, human rights, and the rule of law in support of OSCE values and commitments.U.S. Mission to the OSCE (April 18, 2013). "Closure of the Free Thought University Facility in Azerbaijan" The AFU website as the winner of the Milli Net National Internet Awards in Science and Education category in 2011.ABC.
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Taylor is a former co-host of the weekly WBAI-FM radio show Equal Time for Free Thought. She has written for Revolution and Truthdig, and been featured as a guest on The O'Reilly Factor, Tucker Carlson, the Sean Hannity Show, and other shows on Fox.
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A screening of Can We Take a Joke? was held at Lawrence University, a liberal arts college in Appleton, Wisconsin. Students for Free Thought on campus held a screening of Can We Take a Joke? as a way to start a discussion about free speech on campus.
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Will to Doubt, p. 9 But doubt is not the road to atheism; in fact, doubt is part of a very difficult road to theism.Will to Doubt, p. 27 Bertrand Russell built upon these arguments in subsequent years, even directly referencing Lloyd in Free Thought and Official Propaganda.
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Inasmuch as the fullest individual liberty was allowed, the belief of members and congregations varied greatly. There was a tendency toward radical free thought, and some even denied the existence of a personal God. The association was strongest in Berlin, Breslau, and Magdeburg. Its numbers and influence gradually diminished.
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He was also strongly anti-clerical. He became associated with the 'free thinkers', a humanistic, non-religious movement associated with the exiled Victor Hugo. In 1866, Eudes became managing editor of the journal La Pensée Libre (Free Thought). He also briefly ran a progressive bookstore and became a freemason.
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The first events in which he participated are organized by Free Thought. Lorulot was influenced by books by Jean Jaurès (The Radical and The Little Republic) as well as the works of Jules Guesdes, Lafargue, and publications of the Belgian Workers' Party. Lorulot died in 1963 in Herblay.
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"Free Thought and Official Propaganda" is a speech (and subsequent publication) delivered in 1922 by Bertrand Russell on the importance of unrestricted freedom of expression in society, and the problem of the state and political class interfering in this through control of education, fines, economic leverage, and distortion of evidence.
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Sarit's regime reinstated strict censorship, ending the period of free thought through imprisonment, exile, and execution of Thai intellectuals, writers, and progressives.Anderson, 19 This crackdown on progressives and the independent press forced Khamsing to abandon writing for a number of years, during which time he returned to Nakhon Ratchasima to his farm.
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Russell starts out by describing the more common use of the term "free thought" to mean that one does not accept unquestioning belief in the popular religion of a region, or ideally of any religion at all. But he goes on to say that a more important and global kind of free thought is the freedom of pressure to believe any specific ideas, that one be allowed to have and express any opinion without penalty. He notes that this is not allowed in any country at all, with the possible exception of China at that time. One could not, for example, immigrate to the US without swearing they are not an anarchist or polygamous, and once inside must not be communist.
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The Renaissance did much to expand the scope of free thought and skeptical inquiry. Individuals such as Leonardo da Vinci sought experimentation as a means of explanation, and opposed arguments from religious authority. Other critics of religion and the Church during this time included Niccolò Machiavelli, Bonaventure des Périers, Michel de Montaigne, and François Rabelais.
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He was leader of a group called "Art and Life" that discussed subjects like symbolism, free thought, spirituality and socialism. He published several books, wrote in La Dépêche de Toulouse, and in 1903 founded the journal L'Action. He soon left L'Action and became in turn director of Le Siècle (1908) and Paris-Midi (1911).
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Ferrer's execution became known as "martyrdom" to the causes of free thought and rational education. Ferrer was widely believed to be innocent at the time of his death. His execution sparked worldwide protest and indignation. Beyond anarchism, liberals across society viewed Ferrer as a martyr to the collusion of a vengeful church and traditionalist state.
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From 1999 to 2019, Nikita Mikhalkov became the president of the Moscow International Film Festival. In 2015, the festival started to be held annually. Since 2006, the documentary program "Free Thought" has appeared in the framework of the Moscow International Film Festival. In 2011, it was announced that the competition of documentary films in the MIFF was resumed.
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A History of Free Thought in the Nineteenth Century, Volume 1. Whitefish, Montana: Kessinger Publishing Co. p. 63. . Found guilty of blasphemy like Carlile after his trial in October 1820, Davison was fined £100 and imprisoned for two years. Reduced to poverty in his last years, he eked out a living as a bookseller following his release in 1822.
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While at Oxford Farrar published his major work, Science in Theology, Sermons before the University of Oxford, in 1859, followred by A Critical History of Free Thought, the Bampton Lectures in 1862. In the former he sought "to bring some of the discoveries and methods of the physical and moral sciences to bear upon theoretic questions of theology".
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Bilal Xhaferri Publishing House was established by a group of Albanian writers, journalists and intellectuals who represented the free thought and supported the Albanian and Balkans dissident literature, the American-English literature and the literary and artistic trends that propagated peace and prosperity around the world. This new publishing institution took the name of the dissident writer Bilal Xhaferri.
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The Freethinkers' Society of Ethical Culture ( or LEKD) was a Lithuanian society promoting freethought active from 1923 to 1941. Chaired by Jonas Šliūpas, it promoted non-religious policies in public life (e.g. established non-religious cemeteries and lobbied for civil registration). It published magazine Laisvoji mintis (Free Thought; 1933–1941) and separate books (mainly translated from foreign authors).
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Plaque in the Sozzini's palace in Siena to remember Fausto and Lelio Socini. The inscription say: "During ages of fierce despotism, with their new doctrines they awoke the free thought" No authentic portrait of him exists; alleged likenesses on medals, etc., are spurious. The news of his uncle's death reached Fausto at Lyons through Antonio Maria Besozzo.
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The university perceived the liberal ideas of 1860s and became a mainstay of free thought, science and art. The Faculty of Law became the biggest at Saint Petersburg University by the end of 19th century (1335 of 2675 students studied there in 1894). The university's and faculty's advancement was stopped by the Revolution of 1905, World War I and the Revolution of 1917.
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Vrijdenkersvereniging De Vrije Gedachte (DVG) (English: Freethinkers association The Free Thought), is a Dutch atheist–humanist association of freethinkers. It was founded in 1856 and known by the name De Dageraad ("The Dawn") before assuming its present name in 1957. De Vrije Gedachte strives to use reason, natural science and logic to liberate humanity from prejudices, clerical paternalism, dogmas and false truths.
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The objects of the Foundation are: # To encourage and to provide a means of expression for informed free-thought on philosophical and social issues. # To safeguard the rights of all non-religious people. # To serve as a focal point for the community of non-religious people. # To offer verifiable information in place of superstition and to promote logic and reason.
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Fairbanks's writing career began in 2014 as an outgrowth of her activism. For nine months at the Free Thought Project, she reported mostly about police brutality. In 2015 she wrote for PINAC News, continuing to chronicle controversial policing around the United States. That summer, she live streamed her own arrest while covering anti-police brutality protests on Interstate 70 in St. Louis.
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The Free Thought University () project in Baku, Azerbaijan was launched in 2009 by the OL! Movement.Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (April 11, 2013). "Azerbaijan Closes University Promoting Democracy" as an alternative education institution and a platform for discussions to educate Azerbaijani youth on human rights and democratic values through weekly interactive lectures and free debates.The Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst (April 24, 2013).
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Free Women, Free Men: Sex, Gender, Feminism is a 2017 essay collection by American academic and cultural critic Camille Paglia. Comprising previously published essays, the book's central principles, according to Paglia, are "free thought and free speech—open, mobile, and unconstrained by either liberal or conservative ideology"; she argues for an "enlightened feminism, animated by a courageous code of personal responsibility".
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With this realization, Viktor learns that the political and social chaos Russia is undergoing in fact fits right in with the fundamental laws of the universe. This is why science was such a key field under the Soviet regimes. Under Stalin, free thought was oppressed and discouraged. Therefore, Viktor's work as a physicist was increasingly difficult under the watchful eye of Stalin.
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Idées républicaines (Republican ideas) is a political pamphlet by the French philosopher and author Voltaire. It was published anonymously and undated, but is thought to have been written in late 1765. It defends free thought and free expression in general, and also contains Voltaire's thoughts on the ongoing campaign for democracy in Geneva, where he supported greater power for the citizens.
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In the late 18th century Europe was swept by a group of intellectual, social and political movements, together known as The Enlightenment. These movements promoted scientific thinking, free thought, and allowed people to question previously unshaken religious dogmas. Like Christianity, Judaism developed several responses to this unprecedented phenomenon. One response saw the enlightenment as positive, while another saw it as negative.
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The Woman's Bible is a two-part non-fiction book, written by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and a committee of 26 women, published in 1895 and 1898 to challenge the traditional position of religious orthodoxy that woman should be subservient to man.Council for Secular Humanism. Great Minds: Classic Voices of Free Thought. The Woman's Bible, from Free Inquiry, Volume 19, Number 4.
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A number of contributors to Liberty were prominent figures in both free thought and anarchism. Catalan anarchist and free-thinker Francesc Ferrer i Guàrdia established modern or progressive schools in Barcelona in defiance of an educational system controlled by the Catholic Church. Fiercely anti- clerical, Ferrer believed in "freedom in education", i.e. education free from the authority of the church and state.
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The constitution has to be made clear. It gives me the right to criticise. It gives me the right to take part in gatherings without carrying weapons, it gives me the right to free speech and free thought. And because of this constitution that our fathers voted for, I am free not to be indifferent to the destiny of my country.
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Holmes wrote that "if there is any principle of the Constitution that more imperatively calls for attachment than any other, it is the principle of free thought—not free thought for those who agree with us but freedom for the thought that we hate." The book starts by quoting the First Amendment, which prohibits the U.S. Congress from creating legislation that limits free speech or freedom of the press. The author analyzes the impact of this clause and refers to the writer of the United States Constitution, James Madison, who believed that freedom of the press would serve as a form of separation of powers to the government. Lewis writes that an expansive respect for freedom of speech informs the reader as to why citizens should object to governmental attempts to block the media from reporting about the causes of a controversial war.
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DVG played an important role in rethinking sexual morality, promoting women's emancipation, and reducing the influence of the churches; it often partnered with the Dutch Society for Sexual Reform (NVSH) in sex education activities. In 1978, the association changed its full name to Vrijdenkersvereniging De Vrije Gedachte ("Freethinkers' association The Free Thought"). New bylaws were agreed upon that focused on atheism and collaboration with other humanist organisations.
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The Westernizers, led by Alexander Herzen, Vissarion Belinsky, Ivan Turgenev and Mikhail Bakunin, wanted Russia aligned to Western science and values such as free thought, rationalism and individual liberty.Cowles, The Romanovs, p. 172 By contrast, the Slavophiles, led by Aleksey Khomyakov, the two Aksakov brothers, Konstantine and Ivan, and Ivan Kireyevsky and his brother Pyotr Kireevsky advocated three principles: Autocracy, Orthodoxy and Nationalism.Cowles, The Romanovs, p.
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Klotter in The Breckinridges of Kentucky, p. 105Heck, p. 34 Holding that "free thought needed free trade", Breckinridge opposed Whig protective tariffs. He only favored federal funding of internal improvements "of a national character". Carrying only three of seven counties, but bolstered by a two-to-one margin in Owen County, Breckinridge garnered 54% of the vote, winning the election by a margin of 537.
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Retrieved on March 27, 2012. The society also is a member affiliate and associate of various international atheist organizations such as the Atheist Alliance International, Institute for Science and Human Values, and the International Humanist and Ethical Union, as one among secular organizations that promotes free thought and scientific development in the Philippines. The 2010 Philippine Census reported the religion of about % of the population as "none".
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Praxis also publishes a newspaper, Free Thought, and holds annual international conferences. These projects are funded in part by the Victor Serge Foundation Inc., a 501(c)(3) US non-profit, established in 1997 by Vlady Kibalchich, Serge's son, with Greeman as Secretary, to accept tax-free contributions and promote Serge's writings and philosophy internationally. The Foundation is currently underwriting Arabic translations of Serge and related authors.
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Shaffer, Kirwin R. "Freedom Teaching: Anarchism and Education in Early Republican Cuba, 1898-1925." The Americas Oct. 2003, pp. 151-183 Anarchists ran schools for children to run counter to the Catholic schools and public schools, believing that religious schools were anathema to their ideas of freedom, and that public schools were too often used to instill ideas of "patriotic nationalism" and discourage free thought in children.
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In France it was a combination of many influences, from Jansenism to Free-thought, to the then prevaling impatience with the old order of things. Monarchies attempting to centralise and secularise political power viewed the Jesuits as supranational, too strongly allied to the papacy, and too autonomous from the monarchs in whose territory they operated.Ida Altman et al., The Early History of Greater Mexico, Pearson 2003, p. 310.
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Der Trotzkopf has been translated into English twice, once under the title An Obstinate Maid (1898) by Mary E. Ireland and once as Taming a Tomboy (1898), likely by the Belgian- born naturalist and free-thought advocate Felix Leopold Oswald.T. Feldmann, "The Untameable Trotzkopf: Commerce and Canonicity in the Curious Circulation of a Classic of Germans Children's Literature in the Low Countries and Germany", Dutch Crossing, 44(2): 253.
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He has helped in building Indian Atheist Publishers, which is now Asia's largest free thought publishing house. He convened the three International Rationalist Conferences held in 1995, 2000 and 2002. In December 2013, Edamaruku announced the launch of a new quarterly English language magazine The Rationalist on his blog. Contributors will include international rationalists on several continents and content will focus on science, reason, critical thinking and human rights.
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Study should be guided by humanistic ideals and free thought, and knowledge should be formed on the basis of logic, reason, and empiricism rather than authority, tradition, or dogma. In line with the basic concept of Wissenschaft, Humboldt regarded philosophy as the link between the different academic disciplines, which include both humanities and natural sciences.Bildung in Zeiten von Bologna?: Hochschulbildung aus der Sicht Studierender, Jennifer Ch. Müller Springer-Verlag, 28.06.
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Collins represented the City of Christchurch electorate in the House of Representatives from 1893 to 1896 and again between 1899 and 1902. He also stood in the 1896 election, but was narrowly defeated. He was a rationalist (free-thought) lecturer and was involved with the English Secularists and obtained a diploma from the National Secular Society. The Canterbury Freethought Association was established in Christchurch in 1881 and ran until 1917.
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In 1892 she "served as acting editor of an anarchist free-thought weekly titled Lucifer, the Light-Bearer"Passett, 2006, p. 230. when its former editor Moses Harmon went to prison. Like other radical writers of the period, she was prosecuted under the Comstock Act that prohibited the sending of obscene materials through the U.S. mail. She was involved in public controversy, and was the subject of condemnation and ridicule, throughout her career.
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In his 1953 acceptance speech for the Lauterbach Award for support of civil liberties, Supreme Court justice William O. Douglas affirms that "safety of our civilization lies in making freedom of thought and freedom of speech vital, vivid features of life" and condemns "[r]estriction of free thought and free speech," labeling it "the most dangerous of all subversions," and an "un-American act."The One Un-American Act. Nieman Reports, vol. 7, no.
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Free China Journal () was a periodical that was published by Nationalist China after its retreat to the island of Taiwan following the Chinese Civil War. Its first issue was published on November 1949. Its chief executive was Hu Shih and its editor-in-chief was Lei Chen. The publication was sponsored by the Kuomintang-led government to act as a forum for free thought and discussion against the People's Republic of China.
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It is a collection of moral and satirical addresses to all classes of society. With his Rijmbijbel ("Verse Bible") he foreshadowed the courage and free-thought of the Reformation. It was not until 1284 that he began his masterpiece, De Spieghel Historiael ("The Mirror of History") at the command of Count Floris V. From the very first the literary spirit in the Low Countries began to assert itself in a homely and utilitarian spirit.
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Amartya Sen (1933-), an Indian economist, philosopher and Nobel laureate, is an atheist and he holds that this can be associated with one of the atheist schools in Hinduism, the Lokayata. Mumbai Rationalist Association, the successor of Maharashtra Rationalist Association, is actively involved in developing scientific temper and eradicating superstition. In 2008, the website Nirmukta was founded. It later became an organisation aiming to promote free thought and secular humanism in India.
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John Shertzer Hittell (J.S. Hittell, 25 December 1825 – 8 March 1901) was an American author, historian, and journalist of the United States during the Golden Age of Free Thought. Hittell wrote on a wide variety of topics including history, mining, Christianity, Pantheism, phrenology, morality, and politics. He is best known for his works A History of The City of San Francisco and Incidentally of the State of California (1878) and The Evidences Against Christianity (1856).
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The Norwegian Humanist Association (, HEF) is one of the largest secular humanist associations in the world, with over 95,000 members. Those members constitute 1.8% of the national population of 5.36 million, making the HEF by far the largest such association in the world in proportion to population. The association publishes the magazine Fri tanke (Free Thought). Founded in 1956, the HEF is a member of the International Humanist and Ethical Union (IHEU).
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She was offered a vice-presidency of the NSS in 1867 and again in 1876, but refused both times. In the mid-1870s Annie Besant threatened to eclipse Law as the leading woman free thought lecturer. A biographer of Bradlaugh said "Mrs Besant had come on the scene, and there was not room for two ladies as Secularist advocates." Law fell out with Bradlaugh and Besant and left the NSS in 1877.
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In 2013 he lectured on "Trends in Russian Media" for students at Columbia University. He produced and sponsored "The Book" (2013), a documentary film directed by V. Mansky. In 2014 the film was shown during the official program of the documentary film "Free Thought" at the 36th Moscow International Film Festival. He supports of Gregory of Narek's ideas and organizes and sponsors all events and activities associated with Narek's name and work in Armenia.
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HAND is active in campaigns to release political prisoners and detainees and is active against civil war crimes in Sudan and against human rights violations within war zones. LP members are also active in many organisations and foundations working inside Sudan, like the Ali Abdel Latif Centre for Culture and Developmental Studies in Khartoum, the Free Thought Centre in Madani Town in Central region, and the Abiye Organisation for Peace and Development in Southern Kordfan.
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"Freethought was a basically anti-christian, anti-clerical movement, whose purpose was to make the individual politically and spiritually free to decide for himself on religious matters. A number of contributors to Liberty (anarchist publication) were prominent figures in both freethought and anarchism. The individualist anarchist George MacDonald was a co-editor of Freethought and, for a time, The Truth Seeker. E.C. Walker was co-editor of the excellent free-thought / free love journal Lucifer, the Light-Bearer".
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Idem, p. 40. In 1906, it was renamed De Vrije Gedachte ("The Free Thought"), in 1920 the national paper was absorbed into De Vrijdenker ("The Freethinker", 1913–1940) of the branch of Amsterdam, which then became the national edition.God noch autoriteit, p. 144. Because the distribution of De Vrijdenker was considered too dangerous under Nazi rule due to its firm pre-war antifascist attitude, it was immediately terminated when Nazi Germany occupied the Netherlands in May 1940.
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Nineteenth- Century British Secularism: Science, Religion and Literature. Houndsmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK; New York: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 106. According to a review in Victorian Studies, "Rectenwald thus offers a revisionist interpretation that, rather than understanding Holyoake's leadership of the free thought movement as a failed rhetorical attempt to make society more secular, sees it as marking a distinct moment in modernity."Reagles, David G. Nineteenth-Century British Secularism: Science, Religion, and Literature by Michael Rectenwald (review).
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Friedrich Karl Joseph von Erthal, 1794 Erthal did not pursue his opposition to the enlightenment for very long, reinstating the modern government of his predecessor in 1777. After 1781, Erthal's politics were dominated by the Enlightenment. The universities of Mainz and Erfurt were reformed according to new ideas, and a hymnal in German language was published. He became one of the most notable supporters of free-thought in theology and of Febronianism in the government of the Church.
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In 2087, free thought is illegal and the population is controlled by governments. A small band of free thinkers sends Garth A7 (Michael Rennie), a cyborg via travels back in time to 1966 to prevent Professor Sigmund Marx (Eduard Franz) from revealing his new discovery. The discovery will eventually make mind control possible and create a tyranny in Garth's time. He is pursued by two "Tracers" (also cyborgs) sent by the government out to stop him.
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Its grand hall, known as "Saal des freien Denkens" (The Hall of Free Thought), featured numerous stain-glass windows featuring popes, religious founders and various Greek and Jewish philosophers. The NSDAP objected to the images of Jews and after a violent debate they were packed away in crates and replaced by portraits of the new leadership. They also objected to many of the titles in the hotel library and so these were taken away and burnt.
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Alpha 60 is a sentient computer system created by von Braun, which is in complete control of all of Alphaville. Alpha 60 has outlawed free thought and individualist concepts like love, poetry, and emotion in the city, replacing them with contradictory concepts or eliminating them altogether. One of Alpha 60's dictates is that "people should not ask 'why', but only say 'because". People who show signs of emotion are presumed to be acting illogically and are gathered up, interrogated, and executed.
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To implement progressive social and cultural changes, Moisiodax argued that Greece needed to reform their education system to resemble the one adopted by Europe after their Enlightenment. As described in his work entitled, Pedagogy, Moisiodax sought to develop an education system that spread Enlightenment thinking and fostered free thought across Greece. Moisiodax mirrored his reforms after John Locke's theories on education, specifically those found in Locke's work entitled Some Thoughts Concerning Education. His theories also mirrored the section on education in Diderot's Encyclopedia.
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Louvet wrote on subjects such as anarcho-syndicalism, the anarchist movement, free thought, anticlericalism, pacifism and neo- malthusianism in journals such as Le Libertaire (1924), L'Éveil des jeunes libertaires (1925), L'Anarchie (1925), La Revue Anarchiste (1925), Controverse (1932), Ce Qu'il Faut Dire (1944-1945), Les Nouvelles pacifistes (1949) and Contre-Courant (1951). He was also involved in various publishing projects. In November 1959 he started a "Biographical Dictionary of Pacifist Anarchist Pioneers and Militants", but it did not progress beyond the letter "B".
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Several of these groups came together in 1933 forming an Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Deutschen Glaubensbewegung. There was however no unified take on the contents of a Deutschgläubig religiosity, and approaches varied from a "national Christianity" based on the Arianism of the Goths, German mysticism, Humanism and free thought, as well as racialist ideas of a native Nordic or Aryan religion. The radical free-thinking tendency combined with the Nordicist one to the effect of pronounced hostility towards Christianity and the Church. Krause et al.
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"James Garrard". Dictionary of American Biography As Secretary of State, Toulmin was signatory to the Kentucky Resolutions, the legislature's official protest of the Alien and Sedition Acts, which he regarded as an "unwarranted government intrusion into free thought, free association, and free speech". In 1801, he published The Magistrate's Assistant, a guide to the state's magisterial laws. He also promoted public awareness of governmental activity by compiling and publishing the proceedings of the General Assembly as The Public Acts of the General Assembly.
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In January 1910, he began publishing the monthly magazine Laisvoji mintis (Free Thought) with the help of two new Lithuanian immigrants with prior experience in publishing periodicals in Scranton – Karolis Račkauskas (pen name Vairas) and Kleopas Jurgelionis (pen name Kalėdų Kaukės). The magazine promoted the ideas of freethought and was primarily devoted to science. It published many articles on natural sciences, many of them translated (e.g. A Picture Book of Evolution by Dennis Hird or on popular astronomy by Garrett P. Serviss).
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James Monroe, a future President of the United States, used his diplomatic connections to get Paine released in November 1794. Paine became notorious because of his pamphlets. In The Age of Reason he advocated deism, promoted reason and free thought and argued against institutionalized religion in general and Christian doctrine in particular. He published the pamphlet Agrarian Justice (1797), discussing the origins of property and introduced the concept of a guaranteed minimum income through a one-time inheritance tax on landowners.
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He also presented features on BBC Radio 3.Twenty Minutes: Two Welsh Hills, BBC Radio 3, 3 August 2009."Free Thought: Osi Rhys Osmond", BBC Radio 3; retrieved 8 March 2015. In March 2012, Osmond was profiled on BBC 2's The Culture Show.The Culture Show: Episode 24, BBC 2, 3 March 2012; retrieved 8 March 2015. In June 2012 Osmond was co-presenter and mentor on the BBC Wales television series, The Exhibitionists, where participants compete to become art experts.
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Nelson portrays Meiklejohn as "contradictory, paradoxical, and quixotic". Despite believing in free thought and the primacy of student choice in determining their own education, he held incontrovertible stances. Nelson compares Meiklejohn to fellow educator Woodrow Wilson: "idealists who occasionally allowed the enthusiasm of their vision to impede the integrity of their leadership". Meiklejohn's students often defied his wishes, overturning a ban of professional baseball student players at Brown, enlisting in the army at Amherst, and choosing anarchy over student government at Wisconsin.
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The book was not a success. Success came with We Two, based on the life of Charles Bradlaugh, a social reformer and advocate of free thought. Her historical novel In the Golden Days was the last book read to John Ruskin on his deathbed;Drabble, Margaret (ed.) (1995), The Oxford Companion to English Literature (5th revised edition), Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. while Hope the Hermit was a best-seller set in the Lake District which was later an inspiration for Hugh Walpole's Rogue Herries.
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Foreign Policy Research Institute. Overall the strongest political group of the 1640s and 50s, the English Puritans, had a negative view of toleration, seeing it as a concession to evil and heresy. It was often associated with tolerating the heresies of Arminianism, the philosophy of free will and free thought, and Socinianism, a doctrine of Anti- trinitarianism. But despite this Puritan hostility to toleration, England did see a certain religious laissez-faire emerge (for instance, the Rump Parliament repealed the recusancy laws in 1650).
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This was criticized by advocates of skepticism rationality, like Bertrand Russell in Free Thought and Official Propaganda and Alfred Henry Lloyd with The Will to Doubt. Both argued that one must always adhere to fallibilism, recognizing of all human knowledge that "None of our beliefs are quite true; all have at least a penumbra of vagueness and error," and that the only means of progressing ever-closer to the truth is to never assume certainty, but always examine all sides and try to reach a conclusion objectively.
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Bloom also explains what he believes is the dichotomy between the "spirit of the university" and the university itself. "The philosophic life is not the university." He alludes to early philosophers, from Socrates (who he firmly believes to be "the essence of the university" concept) through the nineteenth century, who he claims never made use of such institutions at all. Bloom posits that maybe, after all, free thought and commitment to a greater truth need not exist within the metaphorical four walls of a university.
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She was elected Secretary General of the UJFF at its First Congress in December 1936, and organised a collection of milk for Spanish children who were victims of the Civil War. After the French Communist Youth was banned in September 1939, Danielle Casanova went into hiding. She wrote for the newspaper Le Trait de l'Union. From October 1940, after the fall of France, she helped set up women's committees in the Paris region, while still writing for the underground press, especially Pensée Libre ("Free Thought").
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He has been sometimes described as the "father of free thought and unbelief" and "father of rationalism". Michael Scot (1175 – c. 1232) was the first Latin translator of Averroes who translated the long commentaries of Physics, Metaphysics, On the Soul and On the Heavens, as well as multiple middle and short commentaries, starting in 1217 in Paris and Toledo. Following this, European authors such as Hermannus Alemannus, William de Luna and Armengaud of Montpellier translated Averroes' other works, sometimes with help from Jewish authors.
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Freethinkers published two short-lived magazines, Vaga (Furrow) in 1931 and Laisvamanis (Freethinker) in 1933, until Šliūpas became editor of the reestablished monthly Laisvoji mintis (Free Thought) in November 1933 (it was published twice a month from 1939). Šliūpas had previously published Laisvoji mintis in the United States in 1910–1915. He continued to edit the magazine up until the Soviet occupation of Lithuania in June 1940. The magazine devoted significant attention to science and printed many articles (often translated) focused on humanities, particularly history.
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This was one of the most favourable periods ever for scholars and men of letters in France, and Michelet had powerful patrons in Abel-François Villemain and Victor Cousin, among others. Although he was an ardent politician (having from his childhood embraced republicanism and a peculiar variety of romantic free- thought), he was above all a man of letters and an inquirer into the history of the past. His earliest works were school textbooks. Between 1825 and 1827 he produced diverse sketches, chronological tables etc.
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The school took its name from Elea (), a Greek city of lower Italy, the home of its chief exponents, Parmenides and Zeno. Its foundation is often attributed to Xenophanes of Colophon, but, although there is much in his speculations which formed part of the later Eleatic doctrine, it is probably more correct to regard Parmenides as the founder of the school. Parmenides developed some of Xenophanes's metaphysical ideas, developing Xenophanes' spirit of free thought. Subsequently, the school debated the possibility of motion and other such fundamental questions.
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Alex is a young man who is depressed after his fiancée breaks up with him. Tired of seeing him unhappy, Alex's grandmother sends him Ada, a Tanaka X-5 android which is capable of intelligent human interaction. The robot is initially incapable of self-awareness, as each android has a program that blocks any potential free thought or consciousness. Alex decides to remove this program and grant Ada her own mental freedom, as he is uninterested in a partner who cannot truly interact with him.
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American anarchist Emma Goldman, prominent anarcha- feminist, free love and freethought activist Left-libertarians have been advocates and activists of civil liberties, including free love and free thought. Free love appeared alongside anarcha-feminism and advocacy of LGBT rights. Anarcha-feminism developed as a synthesis of radical feminism and anarchism and views patriarchy as a fundamental manifestation of compulsory government. It was inspired by the late-19th-century writings of early feminist anarchists such as Lucy Parsons, Emma Goldman, Voltairine de Cleyre and Virginia Bolten.
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The action takes place in an unnamed country (in foreign versions of the film the country is Portugal during Salazar's reign), ruled by a military junta which violently suppresses any free thought. Antonio Murillo is a former military pilot who was dismissed from the army for refusing to sink a ship loaded with refugees. Now he drives a taxi and periodically becomes a witness to the despotism of the authorities. His girlfriend Mary, waitress, is a member of an underground movement fighting against the dictatorship.
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Judd had begun his own publishing company and was proprietor of 'The Best Bookshop', 140 Castlereagh Street, in central Sydney,Sydney Morning Herald Mon 31 May 1926, p.9. advertising free- thought and birth-control literature in Liberator, the secularist newspaper. Among Judd's publications were The War and the Sydney Labor Council (1917) and Judd's Speech From the Dock (1919). In his The Case for the O.B.U. (1919), he urged the replacing of 'Class Governments' by an 'Industrial Parliament' and attacked the Australian Labor Party.
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At the end of World War II, bandurist Hryhory Bazhul emigrated to Sydney, Australia where he continued to perform for the Ukrainian community. Having had performing success in a number of bandura ensembles in Germany during the post-war years (1944–49), he was keen to establish a similar ensemble in Sydney where he had settled on completion of his immigrant contract.Bazhul, H. "Альфа і омеґа мистецької одиниці в Сіднеї", Вільна Думка 13.VI.1982 In 1952, Bazhul advertised in The Free Thought Ukrainian-language newspaper in an attempt to locate like-minded individuals.
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In the case of E.S. v. Austria (2018) the Court upheld the ruling of the Austrian courts that imposed a fine on a woman for calling Muhammad a pedophile. The Court maintained that the Article 10 wasn't violated by the Austrian courts, because the plaintiff's "comments were not objective, failed to provide historical background and had no intention of promoting public debate." The ruling drew a lot of criticism for not upholding the freedom of speech (guaranteed under ECHR Article 10) and fears of promoting "anti-blasphemy laws" that endanger free thought.
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In the 19th century the radical subculture of free- thought in Scotland began to take a more organised form. Activists inspired by the ideas of social reformers such as Robert Owen, Richard Carlile, and the revolutionary thinker Thomas Paine formed the first secular societies in Edinburgh and Glasgow in 1821. In the second half of the century, secular societies were thriving in Edinburgh, Glasgow, Perth, Dundee, Paisley, Greenock, and Aberdeen. Many prominent Scottish secularists, like J. M. Robertson from the Isle of Arran, eventually gravitated towards London, where they made great contributions to the movement.
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It's like we're mentally imprisoned." during an appearance on TMZ. West responded to the controversy on Twitter stating, "Of course I know that slaves did not get shackled and put on a boat by free will. My point is for us to have stayed in that position even though the numbers were on our side means that we were mentally enslaved" and "The reason why I brought up the 400 years point is because we can't be mentally imprisoned for another 400 years. We need free thought now.
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The album's soul and rock music is more electronic- and guitar-oriented than Bilal's previous albums, featuring influences from jazz, blues, and futurism. Experiences from his personal life and professional conflicts with his former label, Interscope Records, formed the inspiration for the album's dark songwriting, which explores themes of love, spirituality, capitalism, and politics, with lyrics informed by free thought. The album debuted at number 106 on the US Billboard 200 chart, selling 4,600 copies in its first week. Although it charted modestly, Airtight's Revenge was well received by music critics upon its release.
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The Free Thought University was founded in 1886 with a staff of seven teachers providing regular lectures and hosting intellectual debates. The arrival of the railroad triggered a population boom, bringing the town to 546 residents by 1890. Christian practitioners began arriving in Liberal soon after it was founded, but were initially met with resistance by Walser. They quietly bought homes within the town and began holding religious services, which were interrupted by Walser, and the Christian group later moved to nearby plots of land after being evicted.
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The stained glass dome in the library. Bishopsgate Library is a free, independent library, open every weekday and late night on Wednesdays. The Special Collections and Archives beneath the library hold important historical collections about London, the labour movement, free thought and co-operative movements, as well as the history of protest and campaigning. There are over 250,000 images in the collections – including the London & Middlesex Archaeological Society (LAMAS) Glass Slide Collection, the London Co-operative Society and the London Collection Digital Photographs – as well as ephemera, papers, publications and letters.
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With his Rijmbijbel ("Verse Bible") he foreshadowed the courage and free-thought of the Reformation. It was not until 1284 that he began his masterpiece, De Spieghel Historiael ("The Mirror of History") at the command of Count Floris V. In the northern provinces, an equally great talent was exhibited by Melis Stoke, a monk of Egmond, who wrote the history of the state of Holland to the year 1305; his work, the Rijmkroniek ("Verse Chronicle"), was printed in 1591 and for its exactitude and minute detail it has proved of inestimable service to later historians.
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Bloom insists that requiring from universities empty values like "greater openness", "less rigidity", and "freedom from authority" are only fashionable and do not have any substantive content. And in the face of growing civil rights conflicts, universities have a duty to instead actively pursue the task of "opening American minds". It is not enough, Bloom contends, for universities to "not want trouble". It is not enough for universities to only hold reputation paramount in the face of campus disruption, and only in name espouse free thought and truth.
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In a 6 to 3 decision of the United States v. Schwimmer, handed down on 27 May 1929, Associate Justice Pierce Butler determined that pacifists should not be allowed to become citizens. In a dissenting opinion, Associate Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. put forth that free thought was a tenet of the Constitution and had no bearing on whether someone should be admitted to or live in the country. He also pointed out that as a woman over 50, even had she wanted to take up arms, she would not be allowed to do so.
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"Aimee Semple McPherson and the Resurrection of Christian America", Matthew Avery Sutton, pp 216The Pittsburgh Press, March 18, 1934 In 1935 Smith published The Bible in the Balance, which criticizes the Bible as unworthy of belief, and became a popular pamphlet for the A.A.A.A. In 1937 Smith took over as an editor of The Truth Seeker, a free-thought magazine in New York City, where he continued as editor until his 1964 death. During his editorship, he subtitled The Truth Seeker as "The Journal for Reasoners and Racists".
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Samuel Eells studied at Hamilton College from 1828 to 1832, a time when both the college and American society were in turmoil. The college was nearly bankrupt due to mismanagement, and the student body was torn apart by rivalries between underground debating and literary societies, primarily the Phoenix and the Philopeuthian. College life at the time was intensely supervised and instruction was rigidly traditionalist. Eells saw the virtue of the debating societies as a haven for free thought, association and intellectual cultivation, yet he deplored their vicious competition for members and social dominance.
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Free thought is not allowed, and only the pay-dreams provided by the system are permissible. But one day, one man dreams with the help of something different: his own mind. In a mainly empty room with no windows and faint lighting, the man (referred to by the system with a user numerical designation) is hooked up to a machine via a tube, apparently a set of cables grafted directly on to his head. He imagines a butterfly with wings of four different patterns and colours on its wings.
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During her reign, philosopher, mathematician, astrologer, and astronomer Giordano Bruno took refuge in England from the Italian Inquisition, where he published a number of his books regarding an infinite universe and topics banned by the Catholic Church. After leaving the safety of England, Bruno was eventually burned as a heretic in Rome for refusing to recant his ideas. For this reason, he is considered by some to be a martyr for free thought. However, freedom of expression can be limited through censorship, arrests, book burning, or propaganda, and this tends to discourage freedom of thought.
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The Ugly Swans () is a science fiction novel by Arkady and Boris Strugatsky. In the USSR, it was published in 1987, in the Latvian magazine Daugava, with the title "The Time of Rains" (). Initially, the novel was written in 1966-1967 to be published in the Soviet literary magazine Molodaya Gvardiya, but the publication was rejected by censor due to prominent political and free-thought overtones in the novel. It circulated in samizdat, and in 1972 was published without the authors' permission abroad, in the Federal Republic of Germany.
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Abu Hanifa extended the rigid principle of basing rulings on the Qur'an and Sunnah to incorporate opinion and exercise of free thought by jurists. In order to respond suitably to emerging problems, he based his judgments, like other jurists, on the explicit meanings of primary texts (the Qur'an and sunnah). But, he also considered the "spirit" of Islamic teachings, as well as whether the ruling would be in the interest of the objectives of Islam. Such rulings were based on public interest and the welfare of the Muslim community.
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MLQ founders wanted an association whose scope would extend beyond the right to exemption, for instance by promoting values such as free thought. Their goal was secularisation of Quebec public institutions. In 1987, the MLQ collaborated with senator Jacques Hébert to prevent the adoption of a private bill that would have enabled Opus Dei, a Catholic lay organization, to bypass Canadian fiscal law as a religious institution. In the same year, the MLQ petitioned the Federal Department of Justice to withdraw Bibles from courts, so that solemn affirmations would be recognized as valid.
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Caricature of Šliūpas and his lobbying efforts on civil registration published in December 1938 Šliūpas established the first chapters of the Freethinkers' Society of Ethical Culture (), a society to promote freethought in Lithuania, in Biržai and Šiauliai in 1922 and 1924. Šliūpas became editor of the reestablished Laisvoji mintis (Free Thought) in November 1933 and continued to edit it up until the Soviet occupation of Lithuania in June 1940. The magazine focused on humanities, particularly history, and balanced academic articles with agitation. Šliūpas also promoted freethought policies in daily life.
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After the war Monclin wrote for the journal Défense de L'Homme and was an activist in the Union Pacifiste de France. He was among the founders of the Union Pacifiste de France in 1961, with Robert Jospin, Raymond Rageau, Louis Lecoin, Jean Gauchon and others. From 1968 to 1982 Andre Arru and members of the Group Francisco Ferrer published La Libre Pensée des Bouches du Rhône (Free Thought of the Mouths of the Rhone). Monclin was among the contributors to this journal, as were Charles-Auguste Bontemps and Giovanni Baldelli.
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Shelley Segal (born 4 April 1987) is an Australian singer and songwriter. She is most known for music with secular themes, including her 2011 album, An Atheist Album. She has toured Australia, the United Kingdom, Hong Kong, China, and the United States and has played at many atheist/secular events including the Reason Rally, the American Humanist Association conference, California Free Thought Day, the Global Atheist Convention, ReAsonCon, Gateway to Reason, and Reasonfest. Her first single, "Saved", is currently used as the opening theme by the webcast and cable access television show The Atheist Experience.
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In 1996, the musicologist Paul Henry Lang, wrote of it: Walker's essays written over a 30-year period were collected in Free Thought and the Musician (1946), in which he explains his philosophical, religious and mystical views. Although he is described as a man of unfailing integrity and kindliness, he was a man of strong prejudices: he condemned Victorian music: Arthur Sullivan ("disgraceful rubbish"),Fiddian, Moulton. "History of Music in England", The Bookman, August 1924, p. 294 and John Stainer's The Crucifixion, and he dismissed all medieval music as "pre- artistic".
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During World War I, Russell was one of the few people to engage in active pacifist activities. In 1916, because of his lack of a Fellowship, he was dismissed from Trinity College following his conviction under the Defence of the Realm Act 1914. He later described this as an illegitimate means the state used to violate freedom of expression, in Free Thought and Official Propaganda. Russell championed the case of Eric Chappelow, a poet jailed and abused as a conscientious objector.Caroline Moorehead, Bertrand Russell: A Life (1992), p. 247.
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As a response to the Rushdie Affair, participating cities were to cooperate in assisting and welcoming persecuted writers from around the world into Europe, in order to promote free thought. According to its mission, the cities’ "priority task today is to respond to censorship by creating new areas of freedom, exchange and solidarity" for at-risk writers and thinkers. Berlin, Helsinki, and Vienna are all member cities of this project. Sam Cherribi (2013) Since 2000, Cherribi has served as an Affiliate Board Member at University of California- Berkeley’s Center for Globalization and Information Technology.
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Frances Wright (1795-1852) came to New Harmony in 1824, where she co- edited and wrote for the New Harmony Gazette with Robert Dale Owen. In 1825 she established an experimental settlement at Nashoba, Tennessee, that allowed African American slaves to work to gain their freedom, but the community failed. A liberal leader in the "free-thought movement," Wright opposed slavery, advocated woman's suffrage, birth control, and free public education. Wright and Robert Dale Owen moved their newspaper to New York City in 1829 and published it as the Free Enquirer.
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PlayMotion was founded by designer Greg Roberts and noted computer vision scientist Matt Flagg in 2003. The company has a partnership with Carnegie Mellon's Entertainment Technology Center (ETC) who uses the platform to create next generation videogame and novel live performance concepts. PlayMotion builds upon the pioneering work done by visionary Myron Krueger in the 1970s and 1980s. Their internal Funlab is an R&D; incubator allowing for free thought and autonomous action which has produced many games and technologies throughout the years, including a landmark 5-screen, 250 player experience at Disney's Epcot in Orlando, Florida.
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He became known as an outspoken journalist who railed against organized religion, government, prisons, slavery, land monopoly, and warfare. He was an early proponent of anarchism, and free thought, he was also a prison reformer. Unhappy with how juvenile offenders were treated in the adult prisons, Hacker was influential in building public support for a Maine reform school which became the third in the country, after Philadelphia and Boston. Because of the culture of reform that existed in 19th-century New England, The Pleasure Boat enjoyed wide circulation until the approach of the American Civil War.
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He co-initiated the first high-end formal sound workshops in Ireland for visual artists in collaboration with The Sculpture Society of Ireland and Bowe Lane Recording studios. He co-produced the first dedicated intermittent independent FM Art Radio station in Ireland entitled A.A.R.T. – Radio in 1994. This was broadcast from the Irish Museum of Modern Art in a group survey exhibition entitled 'From Beyond the Pale'. He has continued to work independently on creating large scale FM/online radio broadcast experiments, significant projects include; Black Brain Radio, HEED FM and FREE THOUGHT FM. In 1997 Phelan began working Solo.
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Rudolf Jaromír Pšenka, Czech author and playwright, editor of the Chicago Daily Svornost (Concord) from 1909 until his death in 1939. As the Paroubeks were not Catholics but freethinkers,"...the Bohemians stood out from other Eastern Europeans by the high proportion who proved indifferent to Catholicism or any other religion... in the United States, the free-thought movement broadened its base and embraced a large number of Bohemian workers as well... Bohemian freethinkers greatly outnumbered Bohemian Catholics in Chicago." Edward R. Kantowicz, "The Ethnic Church". In Ethnic Chicago: A Multicultural Portrait, Melvin G. Holli & Peter d'Alroy Jones, eds.
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The philosophes considered themselves part of a grand "republic of letters" that transcended national political boundaries. In 1784, the German philosopher Immanuel Kant summed up the program of the Enlightenment in two Latin words: sapere aude, "dare to know", meaning, have the courage to think for yourself. The philosophes used reason to attack superstition, bigotry, and religious fanaticism, which they considered the chief obstacles to free thought and social reform. Voltaire took religious fanaticism as his chief target: "Once fanaticism has corrupted a mind, the malady is almost incurable" and that "the only remedy for this epidemic malady is the philosophical spirit".
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Another American center, the James Baldwin Library in Yangon, has proved popular with the locals despite heavy government surveillance. George Packer, writing for The New Yorker in 2008, said that the Baldwin Library featured 13,000 books and periodicals and boasted a membership 22,000 Burmese. The center, an outlet of free thought in a sea of oppression, served as a meeting place for member of the 88 Generation Students Group and the National League for Democracy, as well as Burmese students, business-people, and ethnic minorities. Members are able to read books and DVDs banned by the Burmese government.
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These Elephantmen are trained from birth to be soldiers and killers and are indoctrinated with an Orwellian mindset to think of themselves as property of the MAPPO Corporation and to deny any concept of free thought. Upon discovering these experiments, the United Nations send in an army to storm MAPPO's secret base. While their mission has not been elaborated at this stage it seems to be a combination of liberating the Elephantmen, investigating the attacks on the local populace and ending the development of MAPPO's illegal army. MAPPO turns the Elephantmen on the U.N. troops, and horrendous casualties are inflicted on both sides.
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While the Catholic Church was active along the coast, established particularly the French and Spanish colonial periods, after 1799 more American Protestants entered the territory, bringing their religious varieties with them. Free thought, skepticism, deism, or indifference to religion were characteristic of the wealthy planters and land speculators, as newcomers were far more interested in seeking riches in this world than in the next. As the number of American migrants increased, Methodists, Baptists, and Presbyterians formed the three leading denominations in the territory. Protestant ministers won converts, often promoted education, and had some influence in improving the treatment of slaves.
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Breckinridge's opponent, Leslie Combs, was a former state legislator whose popularity was bolstered by his association with Clay and his participation in the War of 1812; he was expected to win the election easily. In April, the candidates held a debate in Frankfort, and in May, they jointly canvassed the district, making daily speeches. Breckinridge reiterated his strict constructionist view of the U.S. Constitution and denounced the protective tariffs advocated by the Whigs, stating that "free thought needs free trade". His strong voice and charismatic personality contrasted with the campaign style of the much older Combs.
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O'Neil, 2001, pp. 63–64 He explained in his Roth dissent: > The danger is perhaps not great if the people of one State, through their > legislature, decide that Lady Chatterley's Lover goes so far beyond the > acceptable standards of candor that it will be deemed offensive and non- > sellable, for the State next door is still free to make its own choice. At > least we do not have one uniform standard. But the dangers to free thought > and expression are truly great if the Federal Government imposes a blanket > ban over the Nation on such a book.
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John Anderson (1 November 1893 – 6 July 1962) was a Scottish philosopher who occupied the post of Challis Professor of Philosophy at Sydney University from 1927 to 1958. He founded the empirical brand of philosophy known as Australian realism. Anderson's promotion of 'free thought' in all subjects, including politics and morality, was controversial and brought him into constant conflict with the august senate of the university. However, he is credited with educating a generation of influential 'Andersonian' thinkers and activists—some of whom helped to place Sydney in the forefront of the 'sexual revolution' of the 1950s and 1960s.
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Born in Ohio, he spent the majority of his life in Carthage, Missouri. He published cartoons satirising the Republican party in People's Party publications, and his cartoons satirising religion in general and Christianity in particular, appeared in the famous freethought newspapers Truth Seeker, Etta Semple's Free-Thought Ideal, and other regional papers. Later, he would write and illustrate The Old Testament Comically Illustrated (1892), and The New Testament Comically Illustrated (1898), which caricature scenes from the Bible. In 1890, Heston published a critique of the involvement of religious clergy in politics, calling for strict separation of church and state.
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Early in 2006, Amer was expelled from al-Azhar University, Damanhour Campus, for criticizing some of the university's Islamist instructors, writing in his blog that the "professors and sheikhs at al-Azhar who ... stand against anyone who thinks freely" would "end up in the dustbin of history". He also posted writings that promoted secularism and women's rights. Amer referred to the university as "the university of terrorism" and said that the institution stifles free thought. University administrators also filed a communiqué to the Public Prosecutor Office against their former student, alleging he was "spreading rumours endangering public security" and "defaming President Mubarak".
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During the 1930s, De Ligt also promoted the ideas of Simone Weil. De Ligt's ideas were especially influential in Britain; they strongly influenced the British No More War Movement. Writing in the pacifist magazine Peace News, playwright R. H. Ward praised De Ligt as "the Gandhi of the West". De Ligt's last work was a biography of Desiderius Erasmus, whom Van Den Dungen argues De Ligt strongly identified with: "He recognized in Erasmus a kindred spirit who.. had fought,..not only against war and violence, but also for the idea of free thought and for the liberation of humanity".
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Kappa Delta Sigma is an exclusive university-based sorority of young free-thinking women committed to the advancement of individual gender consciousness and gender equality and the promotion of a progressive sisterhood. Deltans subscribe to a "feminism" that celebrates individual femininity, womanhood, and the sisterhood of all women in a positive light. Established in the Philippines also in 1985, Kappa Delta Sigma is the official sister organization of the Kappa Sigma Fraternity. As the official sorority, Kappa Delta Sigma also shares the same principles and philosophy that guide its fraternal counterpart: objectivism, free thought, and individual excellence.
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The Hundred Flowers Movement was the first of its kind in the history of the People's Republic of China in that the government opened up to ideological criticisms from the general public. Although its true nature has always been questioned by historians, it can be generally concluded that the events that took place alarmed the central communist leadership. The movement also represented a pattern that has emerged from Chinese history wherein free thought is promoted by the government, and then suppressed by it. A similar surge in ideological thought would not occur again until the late 1980s, leading up to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.
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Idem, p. 72. De Dageraad sought cooperation with the newly founded Humanistisch Verbond (HV, "Humanist League") and Humanitas (Latin for "Humanity"). From 1957 onwards, the association continued under the name: De Vrije Gedachte (Vereniging tot bevordering van zelfstandig denken) ("The Free Thought (Association for the promotion of independent thought)"), with its magazine renamed to Bevrijdend denken ("Liberating thinking"). Despite considerable competition between De Vrije Gedachte, that held on to combatting church and religion, and the HV, that was primarily concerned with giving the unchurched an equal place in society, most DVG members opined cooperation was necessary, leading the board to advocate for dual memberships;Idem, p. 73–74.
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The first lodge of Le Droit Humain was founded in Brussels in 1911, after a long period of incubation during which eminent members of the Maçonnerie Mixte Ecossaise de France worked patiently to convince the Progressives to accept a masonry working in a world without frontiers.An Out line on the Origins and Development of The Order of International Co-Freemasonry Le Droit Humain, 1993, Compose at imprime sur les presses mukanda a Sart Bernard (Belgique), p.20. At the Congress on Free Thought of 1895, Louise Barberousse, Senior Deacon of the Lodge Nr.1 Le Droit Humain introduced co-masonry to Brussels and showed its Bulletin.
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Although Sharples claims not to have met Carlile on that occasion, it nevertheless sparked her interest, which was soon further heightened when she encountered a relative reading one of his early publications. Offered the use of her cousin’s library, which contained some of Carlile’s works, she thereafter sought more publications through a free-thought bookseller in Bolton, known only as Mr Hardie. Carlile’s philosophies, Sharples later wrote, prompted a deep transformation. She described herself as a ‘brand snatched from the fire’; she experienced a ‘new birth…unto righteousness’—an intense emotional conversion not unlike that felt by William Knight from his seat in the audience at the Blackfriars Rotunda.
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Though Odian would seek a life as a political satirist through writing, he was never aligned specifically with any political party, rather he believed in free thought as being the most thorough and thoughtful process of understanding political issues. File:Human remains from the massacre of the Armenians at By 1896, before the massacres of Armenians in Constantinople concluded, Odian left his then home and traveled across Europe seeking asylum in places like Athens (Greece), Paris (France), Vienna (Austria), and London (England), even living for some time in Bombay (India), and finally Cairo (Egypt). Many of these places now have strong Armenian diaspora as a result of the latter Armenian genocide.
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Anderson's insistence on unceasing inquiry and criticism became central to the intellectual principles of the university's Libertarian Society which supplanted the Free Thought Society in the early 1950s and provided a philosophic platform for the much broader subculture known as "the Push" throughout the 1960s. He was a defender of free speech and was critical of the Australian government's bans on certain political publications (1928). He advocated religious and sexual freedoms and free discussion of issues in an era when mention of taboo subjects commonly resulted in angry public condemnation by prominent moralists. After the Second World War, however, Anderson began exhibiting more conservative views.
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GOB The lodges resumed their work when peace came, but found new enemies in the dictators of the right and left (with the former finding Masonry's emphasis on free thought dangerous, and the latter reproaching it for "class collaboration"). In 1921 the "Association Maçonnique Internationale" (A.M.I.) was created on the initiative of the Swiss Grand Lodge Alpina and with the active participation of Charles Magnette. Like the vast majority of international Freemasonry (with the notable exception of the Grand United Lodge of England), the Grand Orient of Belgium adhered to this organisation, though the Grand Lodges of New York and the Netherlands soon left it.
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Opponents criticized the Committee as "investigating free thought". The Republican Angier Goodwin added a note below his signature: "In signing this report, I do so with strong reservations and dissent from many of its findings and conclusions and with the understanding that I may file a supplementary statement to follow". In his supplementary statement he disagreed with the main points of the Reece Report and agreed with the diametrically opposite conclusions of the Cox Committee of which he had been a member.Dwight Macdonald, "Profiles: Ford Foundation I", New Yorker, 26 November 1955, p94 The committee's two Democrats, Wayne L. Hays and Gracie Pfost, refused to sign the final report.
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In the nineteenth century, open proclamation of atheist views were rare, although a certain part of the intelligentsia openly admitted to atheism (including Vaclav Nałkowski and Maria Sklodowska-Curie). During the Second Republic, President Gabriel Narutowicz was accused of being an atheist.M. Ruszczyc, Strzały w Zachęcie, Katowice 1987, s. 163. . In general, then Polish overt atheism was a very widespread view, even among anti-clerical and secular intelligentsia, as evidenced by the fact that in the Second Republic the traditional association of atheists – Freemasonry of the Great East - has not been established despite the existence of acting freethinking organizations: Polish Association of Freethinkers, Polish Association of Free Thought or Warsaw Circle of Intellectuals.
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Scotland's culture has been dominated by Christianity for most of recent history. However, there has been an undercurrent of free-thought and radical secularism spanning as far back as the 17th century to the likes of Scottish student Thomas Aikenhead, who was hanged for his criticism of religion and theology, and famously David Hume in the 18th century. Though Hume was raised by strict Calvinists, he became highly critical of religion, and his subsequent work disputed religious assertions such as the existence of miracles, intelligent design, and the immortality of the soul. His suspected atheism led to him being turned down for various academic positions, and a trial against him for the crime of heresy.
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It was primarily concerned with concepts such as mutual aid, against selling out, egalitarianism, humanitarianism, anti- authoritarianism, anti-consumerism, anti-corporatism, anti-war, decolonization, anti-conservatism, anti-globalization, anti-gentrification, anti-racism, anti-sexism, gender equality, racial equality, health rights, civil rights, animal rights, disability rights, free-thought and non- conformity. One of its main tenets was a rejection of mainstream, corporate mass culture and its values. It continued to evolve its ideology as the movement spread throughout North America from its origins in England and New York and embrace a range of anti-racist and anti-sexist belief systems. Punk ideologies are often left-wing and go against right-wing authoritarian ideology.
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Licenciado Manuel Estrada Cabrera, for example, altered the Guatemalan Constitution in 1899 to permit his return to power. The dictators who have become the focus of the dictator novel (Augusto Roa Bastos's I, the Supreme, for instance, is based on Paraguay's dictator of the early nineteenth century, the so-called Dr Francia) do not differ much from each other in terms of how they govern. As author González Echevarría states: "they are male, militaristic, and wield almost absolute personal power." Their strong-arm tactics include exiling or imprisoning their opposition, attacking the freedom of the press, creating a centralized government backed by a powerful military force, and assuming complete control over free thought.
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Lodowicke Muggleton, by William Wood, circa 1674 Lodowicke Muggleton (1609–1698) was an English religious thinker who gave his name to Muggletonianism, a Protestant sect which was always small, but survived until the death of its last follower in 1979 [Note: There is some anecdotal evidence of Muggletonians in existence as late as 2000.] He spent his working life as a journeyman tailor in the City of London and was imprisoned twice for his beliefs. He held opinions hostile to all forms of philosophical reason, and had received only a basic education. He encouraged quietism and free-thought amongst his followers whose beliefs were predestinarian in a manner that was distinct from Calvinism.
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Support for Darwin Day comes from both secular and religious organisations. Many Christians who support the concept of evolutionary creation, such as the Biologos Foundation and GC Science, celebrate Darwin Day, believing that evolution was a tool used by God in the creation process. Some free-thought organisations that support Darwin Day include Council for Secular Humanism, The Freedom from Religion Foundation, the Humanist Association of Canada the Center for Inquiry and the American Humanist Association in the United States, as well as the British Humanist Association in the UK, have helped to spread awareness about Darwin Day. In 1999, the Campus Freethought Alliance and the Alliance for Secular Humanist Societies began promoting Darwin Day among members.
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In an article for Alternative Right entitled "The Cult of "The Other"", Fraser warned that academic freedom was being stifled in Australian universities. He wrote: > Academic freedom in Australia is dying before our eyes; another sacrifice > performed in the now holy name of "The Other." In the universities, as > elsewhere, public criticism of privileged minorities must walk a shaky legal > tightrope... Unfortunately, in a mass-mediated wasteland of intellectual > cowardice and political conformity, Australian universities are not an oasis > of dissent. If my experience as a teacher, scholar, and, more recently, a > first-year theology student is a reliable guide, academia is utterly hostile > to free thought and frank discussion on race, ethnicity, and gender.
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This was thanks in part due to William Montagu Manning (Chancellor 1878–95) who argued against the claims by British Tax Commissioners. The following year seven professorships were created: anatomy; zoology; engineering; history; law; logic and mental philosophy; and modern literature. A significant figure from 1927 to 1958, termed 'Sydney's best known academic',Franklin, James 2003, 'Corrupting the Youth: A history of philosophy in Australia', Macleay Press was the Professor of Philosophy at the University John Anderson. A native of Scotland, Anderson's controversial views as a self-proclaimed Atheist and advocate of free thought in all subjects raised the ire of many, even to the point of being censured by the state parliament in 1943.
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He is currently a senior fellow in governance studies at the Brookings Institution and a contributing editor of The Atlantic. He is the author of books and articles on public policy, culture, and economics. His books include The Happiness Curve: Why Life Gets Better After 50 (2018), Gay Marriage: Why It Is Good for Gays, Good for Straights, and Good for America (2004); Government's End: Why Washington Stopped Working (2000); and Kindly Inquisitors: The New Attacks on Free Thought (1993; revised second edition in 2013). In 2015, he published a short ebook, Political Realism, arguing that overzealous efforts to clean up politics have hampered the ability of political parties and professionals to order politics and build governing coalitions.
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2015 Spring issues of De Vrijdenker. A year before the association De Dageraad was founded, the first issue of the monthly periodical De Dageraad appeared on 1 October 1855. In the beginning, the magazine De Dageraad took on a rather autonomous, deistic approach under the influence of Junghuhn, while the association itself was open to atheists, pantheists, materialists, liberals, socialists and conservatives in the philosophical, religious or political sense. The radical chair d'Ablaing tried to publish three other magazines in 1858: Verbond der Vrije Gedachte ("League of the Free Thought", for the association), De Rechtbank des onderzoeks ("The Court of Inquiry", for Biblical criticism) and Tijdgenoot op het gebied der Rede ("Contemporarian on the Terrain of Reason", for philosophical questions).
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Turning away from most political, economic, and diplomatic themes historians recently have looked at the intellectual and cultural impact of the Empire on Britain itself. Ideologically, Britons promoted the Empire with appeals to the ideals of political and legal liberty. Historians have always commented on the paradox of the dichotomy of freedom and coercion inside the Empire, of modernity and tradition. Sir John Seeley, for example, pondered in 1883: :How can the same nation pursue two lines of policy so radically different without bewilderment, be despotic in Asia and democratic in Australia, be in the East at once the greatest Musselman Power in the World ... and at the same time in the West be the foremost champion of free thought and spiritual religion.
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Moran was initially a supporter of the Irish Parliamentary Party, believing that the separatism advocated by Arthur Griffith's Sinn Féin was impracticable; however, he opposed John Redmond's support of the British World War I effort. Moran supported the Anglo-Irish Treaty agreed in 1921–22, and saw the partition of Ireland as beneficial for a truly Irish culture in the Irish Free State. This caused a sea-change in his opinions; from now on Northern Ireland could be safely ignored, along with what he saw as the English evils of 'free thought, free trade, and free literature'. He claimed Irish life and culture had to be protected from foreign influences, including the twin evils of the music hall and the English press.
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Döblin's parents briefly reconciled in 1889, when Max returned penniless from America; the family moved to Hamburg in April 1889, but when it came to light that Max had brought his lover back with him and was leading a double life, Sophie and the children returned to Berlin in September 1889. The sense of being déclassé, along with rocky experiences at school, made this a difficult time for Döblin.; Although he had early been a good student, starting in his fourth year of Gymnasium his performance tended toward the mediocre. Furthermore, his oppositional tendencies against the stern conventionality of the patriarchal, militaristic Wilhelminian educational system, which stood in contrast to his artistic inclinations and his free thought, earned him the status of a rebel among his teachers.
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"Goodnight Irene", for example, acquired the aura of a protest song because it was written by Lead Belly, a black convict and social outcast, although on its face it is a love song. Or they may be abstract, expressing, in more general terms, opposition to injustice and support for peace, or free thought, but audiences usually know what is being referred to. Ludwig van Beethoven's "Ode to Joy", a song in support of universal brotherhood, is a song of this kind. It is a setting of a poem by Friedrich Schiller celebrating the continuum of living beings (who are united in their capacity for feeling pain and pleasure and hence for empathy), to which Beethoven himself added the lines that all men are brothers.
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Famous 1876 editorial cartoon by Thomas Nast showing bishops as crocodiles attacking public schools, with the connivance of Irish Catholic politicians Some anti-immigrant and Nativism movements, like the Know Nothings have also been anti-Catholic. Anti- Catholicism was led by Protestant ministers who labeled Catholics as un- American "Papists", incapable of free thought without the approval of the Pope, and thus incapable of full republican citizenship. This attitude faded after Catholics proved their citizenship by service in the American Civil War, but occasionally emerged in political contests, especially the presidential elections of 1928 and 1960, when Catholics were nominated by the Democratic Party. Democrats won 65–80% of the Catholic vote in most elections down to 1964, but since then have split about 50–50.
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Al-Haram Mosque and the Kaaba Makkah's culture has been affected by the large number of pilgrims that arrive annually, and thus boasts a rich cultural heritage. As a result of the vast numbers of pilgrims coming to the city each year, Makkah has become by far the most diverse city in the Muslim world. In contrast to the rest of Saudi Arabia, and particularly Najd, Makkah has, according to The New York Times, become "a striking oasis of free thought and discussion and, also, of unlikely liberalism as Meccans see themselves as a bulwark against the creeping extremism that has overtaken much Islamic debate". Al Baik, a local fast-food chain, is very popular among pilgrims and locals alike.
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In 1851 the journal was acquired by John Chapman based at 142 the Strand, London, a publisher who originally had medical training. The then unknown Mary Ann Evans, later better known by her pen name of George Eliot, had brought together his authors, including Francis Newman, W. R. Greg, Harriet Martineau and the young journalist Herbert Spencer who had been working and living cheaply in the offices of The Economist opposite Chapman's house. These authors met during that summer to give their support to this flagship of free thought and reform, joined by others including John Stuart Mill, the physiologist William Benjamin Carpenter, Robert Chambers and George J. Holyoake. They were later joined by Thomas Huxley, an ambitious young ship's surgeon determined to become a naturalist.
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A.N. Pypin, Religioznye dvizheniia pri Aleksandre I (Religious Movements during the Alexander I Reign) (Petrograd: Ogni, 1916), 136-137 The Herald of Zion was published during the reign of Alexander I, a monarch known for his liberal and lenient politics towards religious free thought and dissent. Nikolai Ilyin read Sionskii Vestnik and the ideas of the universal brotherhood of all men, a mystical core common to all faiths and the focus on personal spirituality as opposed to external forms, appealed to him. Ideas of the German mystic Johann Heinrich Jung also played a very important role in shaping Il’in’s worldview.Molostvova, Egovisty, 25 Ilyin, as many other Christian mystics, turned to the most secret text of the New Testament, Apocalypse and thoroughly studied commentaries on the Book of Revelation.
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Third, the Articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights were to be used as much as possible as a guideline for all aspects of camp life. This meant that no one was to be removed by force from an UNBRO camp for any reason; free thought, free speech and free access to education and information should be guaranteed for all; the camps should be free of political or any other kind of coercion; and protection and justice for camp residents should be provided by the Khmer Police and an internal justice system. Fourth, UNBRO assisted civilians only. This meant that UNBRO expected the camps to be free of military influence of any kind, and that no military activity was to take place in or through UNBRO camps at any time.
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Weblin, Mark (ed.), A Perilous and Fighting Life: From Communist to Conservative: The Political Writings of Professor John Anderson (North Melbourne: Pluto Press, 2003)) The Free Thought Society held its last meeting in 1951. The Libertarian Society functioned from 1952 to 1969. Anderson broke off contact with the former disciples who formed the Libertarian Society and never associated with "Push" people who routinely sang his praises along with the bawdy songs he had imported to his new country.Ballad of Professor John Glaister is one example, some of the words of which have been published in Snatches & Lays (Sun Books, Melbourne, 1975) However, even after retirement in 1958 and to the brink of his death in 1962, he was seen daily in his study, continuing his work and reviewing earlier work.
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It was a thought which pioneered academic rigor in a region that had traditionally lagged in terms of education. It was the time when the erstwhile Rajputana was yet to emerge from the feudal darkness, illiteracy plagued the masses and the doors of formal education remained firmly shut for the downtrodden and the subaltern. These two teachers took upon themselves, the herculean task of taking education, free thought and liberal ideas to the doorsteps of those who were poor by dime, to those who were poor by gender and to those who were poor by birth. Peripatetic instructors, with little or no money put all their heart, mind and spirit into Sahitya Sadawart and laid the foundation of an edifice which was to change the course of things for an entire generation in Jaipur.
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Similar to other fraternities who encouraged their members to have their own free thought and will, members of the Corps Altsachsen felt the increasing pressure of national socialist surveillance as well as political pressure in the early 1930s. A similar-minded fraternity, Corps Makaria Dresden, fused with the Corps Altsachsen in 1934, which strengthened bonds and numbers within the fraternity. Still, as political pressures in Nazi Germany had increased to dangerous levels for fraternities during the next years, Corps Altsachsen officially suspended activities in 1936. During the 1930s, eventually all corps abiding by a free democratic order did the same as their view of the world was in stark contrast to the so-called Führerprinzip (Führer-principle), where one person governs essentially as dictator instead of relying on a democratic, consensus-based majority in a convent.
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Dhammaloka's identification of Buddhism with free thought – and his consequent rejection of multi-faith positions – was tenable within Theravada Buddhism. In terms of the global Buddhism of his day it aligned him with Buddhist rationalists and those who aimed at a Buddhist revival resisting colonial and missionary Christianity; this contrasted both with post-Theosophist Buddhists who saw all religions as ultimately one and with those who sought recognition for Buddhism as a world religion on a par with (and by implication extending equal recognition to) Christianity. Beyond this, his Buddhism seems to have focussed primarily on the major concerns for Burmese monks of the day, above all correct observance of the Vinaya. In western terms this reflected a persistent concern of plebeian freethinkers in particular to assert that morality without threat of religious punishment was entirely possible, and to his own temperance concerns.
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He is often classified as one of the earliest existentialists, although he dreaded being placed in the same category as Jean-Paul Sartre; Marcel came to prefer the label neo-Socratic (possibly because of Søren Kierkegaard, the father of Christian existentialism, who was a neo-Socratic thinker himself). While Marcel recognized that human interaction often involved objective characterisation of "the other", he still asserted the possibility of "communion" – a state where both individuals can perceive each other's subjectivity. In The Existential Background of Human Dignity, Marcel refers to a play he had written in 1913 entitled Le Palais de Sable, in order to provide an example of a person who was unable to treat others as subjects. > Roger Moirans, the central character of the play, is a politician, a > conservative who is dedicated to defending the rights of Catholicism against > free thought.
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Speedy digitization of the material is crucial to accomplish the Museum's main aim, which is to make it a centre for information on the regional Avant-Garde practices. The Virtual Museum of Avant-Garde is a free online platform to research all forms of Avant-Garde art of Eastern and Central Europe, to show connection with the rest of the world, to be a place for free thought and presenting the relevant cultural phenomena of Avant-Garde thought and artistic doing, to be a space for creating and publishing expert materials and research on the phenomena of the Avant-Garde. In its work, the Virtual Museum of Avant- Garde managed to become a meeting point of experts and intellectuals from the region and the artists, as well as interested public who can, in one place, find many information on the Avant-Garde movement in this area.
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"Turkey's Erdogan must reform or resign (www.washingtonpost.com, 10 March 2016) "The overall pace of reforms in Turkey has not only slowed down but in some key areas, such as freedom of expression and the independence of the judiciary, there has been a regression, which is particularly worrying," rapporteur Kati Piri said in April 2016 after the European Parliament passed its annual progress report on Turkey. On 22 June 2016, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan said that he considered himself successful in "destroying" Turkish civil groups "working against the state", a conclusion that had been confirmed some days earlier by Sedat Laçiner, Professor of International Relations and rector of the Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University: "Outlawing unarmed and peaceful opposition, sentencing people to unfair punishment under erroneous terror accusations, will feed genuine terrorism in Erdoğan's Turkey. Guns and violence will become the sole alternative for legally expressing free thought.
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Alexander Keyssar, Out of Work (1986) Moving to Los Angeles to become editor of The Public Ownership Review, Swift was involved in the Altruria Colony, an experiment in cooperative industry and farming in the Santa Rosa Valley,"Alturia in California," Overland Monthly and Outwest Magazine (June 1897) and was an organizer of the socialist Equality Colony in Skagit County, Washington. In 1901, Swift, who was openly critical of President William McKinley, was briefly imprisoned after McKinley's assassination by an anarchist.George E. MacDonald, Fifty Years of Free Thought (New York, 1931) Returning to Boston, he was chief lecturer and director of the Humanist Forum from 1907 to 1914 and contributed to the Boston Transcript. Swift lost the support of many of his anarchist, pacifist and socialist followers when he stated that he was in favor of increased militarization and the US entry into the First World War.
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The punk culture, in stark contrast with the 1960s' sense of power through union, concerned itself with individual freedom, often incorporating concepts of individualism, free thought and even anarchism. According to Search and Destroy founder V. Vale, "Punk was a total cultural revolt. It was a hardcore confrontation with the black side of history and culture, right-wing imagery, sexual taboos, a delving into it that had never been done before by any generation in such a thorough way."Savage (1991), p. 440. The most significant protest songs of the movement included "God Save the Queen" (1977) by the Sex Pistols, "If the Kids are United" by Sham 69, "Career Opportunities" (1977) (protesting the political and economic situation in England at the time, especially the lack of jobs available to the youth), and "White Riot" (1977) (about class economics and race issues) by The Clash, and "Right to Work" by Chelsea.
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51; Grayling 2000, pp. 36–38; Wu 2008, p. 56. At a time when some of the most noted thinkers and literary men narrowly escaped conviction of High Treason, a time of rejoicing by supporters of free thought in Britain, Eldon had been on the wrong side, which Hazlitt, then an impressionable youth, never forgot. Eldon, as Lord Chancellor, later continued to help enforce the government's severe reaction to the civil unrest in the wake of the French Revolution and during the Napoleonic Wars, and was a notoriously persistent blocker of legal reforms as well as of the speedy resolution of lawsuits over which he presided.Mathieson 1920, pp. 182, 216, 241. Sir Thomas Lawrence, 1826 As both Attorney General and Lord Chancellor, Eldon consistently stood against every humanitarian principle that Hazlitt had so fervently supported. Nevertheless, paradoxically, in person, Lord Eldon, as Hazlitt found, just as consistently presented himself as a kindly, amiable, even humble soul.Hazlitt 1930, vol. 11, p. 145.
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Not just having the chance to go to school and learning how to read, but children need to be taught to think for themselves, be equipped and encouraged to question, to be creative and to learn essential life skills. And, while SAT-7 is always seeking to build such ideas into our on-air programming for children, the network also wishes to address the needs and attitudes of poorly trained teachers and parents. Many have not experienced a form of education that goes beyond rote learning, where violence has been a standard way of maintaining class and home discipline and where an obsession with coming up with "the right" answers has stunted any free thought…or the concept that there might actually be no right answers to some questions. The idea of educational programming is in fact much more than just the delivery of instruction modules for children and youth hungry to learn the basics of literacy and mathematics.
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His ability to perform, however, was hindered by his poor eyesight and he soon concentrated upon composing only.Banister (1891), 31. In his first year at the Academy, Macfarren composed his first work, the Symphony in F minor.Caswell (1938), 66. From 1834 to 1836 Macfarren taught at the Academy without a professorship; he was appointed a professor in 1837.Smither (2000), 340. He resigned in 1847 when his espousal of Alfred Day's new theory of harmony became a source of dispute between him and the rest of the Academy's faculty. Macfarren's eyesight had at that point deteriorated so significantly that he spent the next 18 months in New York to receive treatment from a leading oculist, but to no effect. He was re- appointed a professor at the Academy in 1851, not because the faculty had any greater love for Day's theories, but because they decided that free thought should be encouraged.Banister (1887–1888), 70. He succeeded Sir William Sterndale Bennett as principal of the Academy in 1876. He was also appointed professor of music at Cambridge University in 1875, again succeeding Bennett.
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Nothing about Freidank's life is known with certainty, such hypotheses as there are based on the language and content of his work Bescheidenheit. He would have been born in the later 12th century, and was likely of Swabian origin. Freidank (Vrîdanc, Vrîgedanc) literally translates to "free thought"; passages in Freidank's poetry allude to the freedom of thought, and the name may be an assumed epithet,Grimm, Vridankes Bescheidenheit (1834), 40f. although Freidank (Fridanc, Fridangus) is also recorded as a German family name in the later medieval period; one Bernhard Freidank is mentioned in Helbling's Lucidarius (but it has been argued that this may in fact be a reference to the poet himself. Friedrich Heinrich von der Hagen, Germania, Volume 4 (1841), 194-210.). Wilhelm Grimm (1834) argued that the author is Vrîdanc is a pseudonym and that the author of Bescheidenheit is Walter von der Vogelweide. This hypothesis was immediately rejected by the majority of scholars; according to Bartsch (1878), the only German philologist convinced by Grimm's idea was Wackernagel.Karl Bartsch, "Freidank" in: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie vol.
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Fabbri was born in Fabriano, in the province of Ancona, on 23 December 1877 to Curzio Fabbri and Angela Sbriccioli. While still a student at the Technical Institute of Ancona, he embraced anarchist ideals, under the influence of Virgilio Condulmari, a shoemaker from Recanati. On June 9, 1894, he was arrested and sentenced to 25 days in prison for participating in an anarchist demonstration. He enrolled as a law student at the University of Macerata and started to collaborate on a number of the anarchist periodicals including The Thought of Chieti, The Human Protest of Tunis, The Social Future of Messina and L'Agitazione of Ancona. In 1897 he met Errico Malatesta. On 10 May 1898 he was arrested again and sent to confinement, first on the island of Ponza and then in Favignana. Released on October 17, 1900, he dropped out of school and moved to Rome, founding the theoretical magazine Il Pensiero with Pietro Gori in 1903. After taking part, on September 20, 1904, in the International Congress of Free Thought, he went to France to contact the major exponents of anarchism, in order to encourage the revival of political organization at an international level.
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