1000 Sentences With "etymological" | Random Sentence Generator

Furthermore, they need not remain true to their etymological roots, a belief known to linguists as the "etymological fallacy".

A great hike along the path of the etymological past, Mr. McCoy.

The feeling had a certain etymological justice: he had jumped from one ship to another.

On some deep, etymological level, Trump seems to be accusing Hillary of not having a penis.

By the way, BRIGANTINE is probably the etymological root of the term BRIG for a ship's prison.

It is a word that has its etymological roots in art, the surrealism movement of the early 1900s.

It undermines tolerance as an ideal while underscoring its etymological and historical roots as a form of persecution.

Etymological notes aside, the monster's behavior ties it closely to iconic creatures from films of the 1970s and 1990s.

But today, with the advent of computerized word searching, Shakespeare has been dethroned from almost all of his etymological entries.

From the depths of Port Authority, we move to the hallowed halls of N.Y.U., where kids are learning about etymological fallacies.

An etymological connection to the Jewish philosopher Maimonides is also possible, as is one to the name of a Berber goddess.

By taking away the magic and whimsy of Harry's world, we can look at each spell from a strictly etymological stand point.

Finding the etymological links between words feels like unlocking poetry from thousands of years ago — aligning with souls of humans across time.

This was a remarkable feat of reverse engineering, not quite like any of his other etymological exploits amongst the tongues of Middle-earth.

Understandably, then, "Babel" often has been associated with "babble" (and the Hebrew root of "Babel" does mean "confusion," though "babble" has other etymological roots).

In Europe, specifically, many languages still have an etymological link between "right" and "correct" (as English does) and "left" and "sinister" (as Italian does).

But the Spanish word "violación" itself clearly displays its etymological link to "violence", the lack of which was at the heart of the controversy.

The OED has "respair", both as a noun and verb, meaning the return of hope after a period of despair—an obvious etymological kissing-cousin.

As the etymological origins of the word suggests—it comes from "mekhos," the ancient Greek word for "expedient" or "remedy"—machines are here to help.

We all sat around a large table full of etymological dictionaries and thesauruses, and the children were discussing a line about being born in Mexico.

He enumerated them in 19663 in a memoir, "If This Be Treason: Translation and Its Dyscontents," whose subtitle reflects the etymological underpinnings of that curiously spelled word.

But the key to the etymological puzzle behind the word is knowing how it was used in the 1980s, when Kavanaugh and Judge included it in their yearbook entries.

Berio intended the title not in a conventional sense, to describe musical structure, but in an etymological sense, to point to a diversity of sounds and meanings coming together.

The word's etymological roots, however, going back to ancient Greece, suggest that, in the case of the president, it may be even more apropos than it might first seem.

Revel in the confusion of whether it's pronounced "ten s" or "excess" as that delightful etymological puzzle slams an energy drink and positively freestyle walks its way off your tongue.

Garry Trudeau: I still have no idea what an "interlock" is — and have never once used "etymological" in a sentence — so it's baffling to find myself part of this collaboration.

Ahmet Ardic -- an electrical engineer by profession, whose lifelong passion has been researching Turkic languages, linguistics and etymological roots -- stumbled upon a copy of the Voynich manuscript online four years ago.

Oh, and while a political cartoonist should be no stranger to vigorous internet blowback, I don't think dad is remotely prepared for the Category 5 ORANG/ORANGES etymological Twitterstorm that's brewing.

It conveys not only the need for love despite a disease or plague, but also loving amidst deep sadness, anguish or depression, deriving from its etymological root of the medieval humor of choleric.

Aleister Crowley once stated that the most important grimoire, or book of magical instruction, that anyone could ever conceivably own would be an etymological dictionary, and in my opinion he was exactly right.

"So I checked a reference book on mythology my roommate had, which in turn laid out the spelling of Thoth in Greek and its etymological roots in Ancient Egyptian." https://twitter.com/Fire_Sister_Bee/status/923659332763480065

In the United Kingdom, "cunt" isn't so associated with misogyny; whereas in the United States, the word is a nasty gendered insult, for no secret etymological reason (see: John McCain allegedly calling his wife Cindy a cunt).

This bilateral understanding of the term has not been lost to etymological history and, over the past six decades, dozens of courts consistently have understood "sex" in Title VII to mean biological sex — a division between males and females.

Favilla introduces us to the online punctuation police ("comma panic," vanity capitalization), helps us read between the lines in our inboxes ("the 48 most annoying ways to start off an email") and steers us through the etymological minefield that is modern digital communication ("42 ways to type laughter").

We explored other examples of ad and ab words but ran into a bit of trouble with adverse and averse (where ab has been replaced by "a" for ease of pronunciation) because their functional meanings ("inimical to" and "feeling repugnance toward") are much more alike than their etymological meanings ("turning toward/against" and "turning away from").

The Chinese voyaged there, too, migrating in the 19th century, although it took longer for their culinary notions to enter the culture; only in the past few decades did chamoy — the food historian Rachel Laudan has noted the name's etymological kinship to "see mui" — become common, first in the form of dried and salted fruit (saladito), and then as a ubiquitous condiment, salty-sour-sweet with a quaver of heat, wielded by street vendors and high-end chefs alike.

The Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language) is an etymological dictionary first published in 1927. It was compiled by Aleksander Brückner and served through the 20th century as a principal Polish etymological dictionary. Though now to some extent superseded by more recent efforts, it remains serviceable.

The Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus. Berkeley: University of California. (PDF)Bruhn, Daniel; Lowe, John; Mortensen, David; Yu, Dominic (2015). Sino- Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus Database Software.

The origin of the word is not known: Fasmer's etymological dictionaryМакс Фасмер. The etymological dictionary of Russian. Translation from German and additions of member-correspondent АН the USSR O.N.Trubacheva. In four volumes.

An etymological dictionary discusses the etymology of the words listed. Often, large dictionaries, such as the Oxford English Dictionary and Webster's, will contain some etymological information, without aspiring to focus on etymology. Etymological dictionaries are the product of research in historical linguistics. For many words in any language, the etymology will be uncertain, disputed, or simply unknown.

McCown is a Goidelic surname with several possible etymological origins.

He is the editor of the Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.

R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 363.

For etymological discussion, see Deus and Dyeus. See also List of Roman deities.

Mazreku knew many languages, and wrote an etymological dictionary of the Albanian language.

Albanian Etymological Dictionary. Leiden: Brill. Szemerényi, Oswald. 1996. Introduction to Indo-European Linguistics.

From the etymological point of view, false friends can be created in several ways.

R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, pp. 855 and 858–9.

This is a list of streets in the 1st arrondissement of Paris with etymological information.

The list comprises comparative etymological origins and referential locations for each stone in the Bible.

The Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages: Proto-Slavic Lexical Stock (, abbreviated ESSJa / ) is an etymological dictionary of the reconstructed Proto-Slavic lexicon. It has been continuously published since 1974 until present, in 41 volumes, making it one of the most comprehensive in the world.

He has published more than 100 papers, has written several books and has edited conference proceedings and a handbook of Indo-European. He wrote the etymological dictionary of Latin and other Italic languages as a contributor to the Leiden- based Indo-European Etymological Dictionary project.

Other etymological theories exist, with some claiming the name originated as early as the 16th century.

From 1994, he collaborated on the Indo-European Etymological Dictionary at the University of Leiden, while continuing his etymological research in Bonn. In 2001, he was appointed Professor of Albanian at the Institute for Comparative and Indo-European Linguistics of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich.

Urs Eggli, Leonard E. Newton: Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg 2010, , p. 174.

The place name has no etymological connection to the contemporary Hungarian common name "bugyi", meaning women's panties.

Apart from many individual studies, etymological dictionaries are prominent reference books for finding out about semantic changes.

In linguistics, an etymological calque is a lexical item calqued from another language by replicating the etymology of the borrowed lexical item although this etymology is irrelevant for the meaning being borrowed.Zuckermann, Ghil'ad (2003), Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew. Palgrave Macmillan. / Most calques are not etymological.

The etymology of the English lexical item cocktail is maintained and visible within the Chinese etymological calque 鸡尾酒 jīwěijiǔ "cocktail". The Chinese lexical item 鸡尾酒 jīwěijiǔ "cocktail" means literally "chicken tail alcohol", and is thus an etymological calque of the English lexical item cocktail.

Its title, "the source", reflects its author's goal to derive the etymological origins of Arabic vocabulary and lexicography.

The inscription Matar Kubileya/KubeleyaR. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 794 (s.v. "Κυβέλη").

According to the school etymological dictionary, the name saksaul borrowed in the XIX century from the Turkic languages.

Russian Etymological Dictionary by Max Vasmer Some kremlins in Russia are called detinets, as for example the Novgorod Detinets.

Both Lóðurr and Loki have been proposed, but the etymological reasoning is tenuous, and firm conclusions cannot be reached.

Consonant-final stems in Jarawa often have cognates with final e in Onge, e.g. Jarawa iŋ, Onge iŋe 'water'; Jarawa inen, Onge inene 'foreigner'; Jarawa dag, Onge dage 'coconut'. Historically these vowels must have been excrescent, as nonetymological word- final e doesn't surface when number markers are suffixed, and the definite article (-gi after etymological consonants, -i after etymological vowels, due to lenition) appears as -i after etymological e but as -gi after excrescent e, e.g. daŋe → daŋe-gi 'tree; dugout'; kue → kue-i 'pig'.

The Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages is a comparative and etymological dictionary of the hypothetical Altaic language family. It was written by linguists Sergei Starostin, Anna Dybo, and Oleg Mudrak, and was published in Leiden in 2003 by Brill Publishers. It contains 3 volumes, and is a part of the Handbook of Oriental Studies: Section 8, Uralic and Central Asian Studies; no. 8.catalogue.nla.gov.au. Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages / Sergei Starostin, Anna Dybo, Oleg Mudrak ; with assistance of Ilya Gruntov and Vladimir Glumov.

1994 North Caucasian Etymological Dictionary. Moscow: Asterisk Press. Available online. However, this proposal is difficult to evaluate, and remains controversial.

R. S. P. Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin.R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 1017.

Acqueville was called Akevilla in 1204:Albert Dauzat and Charles Rostaing, Etymological Dictionary of place names in France, Ed. Larousse, Paris, 1963 the German or ScandinavianRené Lepelley, Etymological Dictionary of commune names in Normandy, Ed. Éditions Charles Corlet, Condé- sur-Noireau, 1996, , Page 45 anthroponym Aki or Aka, and in Latin a "rural villa".

The etymological genesis of the name Maeshowe is uncertain. The name may involve Gaelic mas, meaning "a buttock"; in reference to a hillock. However, Celtic-derived toponyms are uncommon in the Northern Isles, and derivation from an analog of Welsh maes, "a field", is a doubtful proposition. A Masshowe on Holm suggests an etymological parallel.

Some texts of ethnographic study were attached to the story, such as the etymological explanation of 'zumbayllu' or magical spinning top.

Newman and Principe, "Alchemy vs. Chemistry: The Etymological Origins of a Historiographic Mistake," in Early Science and Medicine 3(1998), pp.

Eric Partridge (1977) Origins: A Short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English (Routledge) Archaeological Evaluation. Heslington Hill. Heslington York. (University of York.

Rick Derksen (born 1964) is a Dutch linguist and Indo-Europeanist at the University of Leiden. He is specialist in Balto-Slavic historical linguistics with an emphasis on accentology and etymology. He's a contributor to Leiden- based Indo-European Etymological Dictionary project, for which he wrote the Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Brill, 2008).

70–71, contested by O. Keel to an Aramaic word for "snake" (Old Aramaic language ; Aramaic ). The origins for this etymological hypothesis is the rabbinic pun present in Genesis Rabbah 20:11, utilizing the similarity between Heb. Chavvah and Aram. chivviya. Notwithstanding its rabbinic ideological usage, scholars like Julius Wellhausen and Theodor Nöldeke argued for its etymological relevance.

Among other researchers, Paul K. Benedict and James Matisoff have proposed reconstructed vocabulary items for Proto-Tibeto-Burman. Matisoff's Proto-Tibeto-Burman reconstruction is by far the most cited, and with his last version published in the final release of the Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (2015).Matisoff, James A. 2015. The Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus.

Alternately, al-kīmīā may derive from χημεία, meaning "cast together".Weekley, Ernest (1967). Etymological Dictionary of Modern English. New York: Dover Publications.

Biliarsky, pp. 331–333 Both have their etymological source in Cześnik, used by szlachta nobility to the north.Biliarsky, p. 333; Tașcă, p.

Yebát () (lat. futuere) means "to fuck", "to copulate", "to have intercourse".Max Vasmer. «Russisches etymologisches Wörterbuch» («Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language»).

Cengage Learning, 2001. . Page 5. The name's etymological origin is the Greek word ὄγκος (óngkos), meaning 1. "burden, volume, mass" and 2.

London: John Murrey. P. 162n. Those accepting the plainest derivationTaylor, Isaac. 1865. Words and places; or, Etymological illustrations of history, ethnology, and geography.

The name was attested as castellum Alnei in 1142.Albert Dauzat and Charles Rostaing, Etymological Dictionary of place names in France, Larousse, Paris, 1963 It is derived from the Latin Alnus meaning "alder".René Lepelley, Etymological Dictionary of place names in Normandy, Éditions Charles Corlet, Condé-sur-Noireau, 1996, , BnF 36174448w, p. 53 In 1895 the commune of Aunay became Aunay-sur-Odon.

In other positions, etymological seems to be in free variation with (etymological , however varies only with ). Vowel phonemes come in two series: long and short. The long vowels are the same as in Classical Arabic , and the short ones extend this by one: . The classical diphthongs and may be realised in many different ways, the most usual variants being and , respectively.

Slavic vǎlkolak, volkodlak, volkolak, vukodlak, wurdulak, etc.; Romanian Vârcolac; and Greek Vrykolakas (both borrowed from the Slavic term).M. Fasmer, Etymological Dictionary Russian Language.

Her name could derive from the Greek Kupria, a name for Aphrodite. Another etymological possibility is from the same root of Roman god Cupid.

Bronson's work did not pretend to be an etymological dictionary but contained a very considerable collection of words from the people themselves without recording derivations.

Swami Dayanada based his commentary on the Brahmanas and the Nirukta and rejected all other commentaries. His interpretations are based mainly on the etymological method.

Turner, R. L. (1931.) बिस् bis, हजार् hajār, ताल् tāl. In: A comparative and etymological dictionary of the Nepali language. London: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner.

's/he, it falls'. The double consonants in French orthography, however, are merely etymological. In Catalan, the gemination of is marked by a ("flying point"): .

Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases, and of Kindred Terms, Etymological, Historical, Geographical and Discursive. London: John Murray. 1021 pages.

Banneville-sur- Ajon was Barneville sur Ajon in 1371.Albert Dauzat and Charles Rostaing, Etymological Dictionary of place names in France, Larousse, Paris, 1963 René Lepelley attributed the origin of the name to the Germanic anthroponym BennoRené Lepelley, Etymological Dictionary of names of communes in Normandy, Éditions Charles Corlet, Condé-sur-Noireau, 1996, BnF 36174448w, p. 58 with the Old French suffix -ville meaning "rural domain".

The Bulgarian etymological dictionary () is a multi-volume etymological dictionary of the Bulgarian language. It is published by the Institute for Bulgarian Language at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. The first seven published corpora are available on the Institution for Bulgarian Language website. It is an ongoing project, with seven volumes published in the period 1971-2017 and the ninth volume currently in preparation.

The word antitheism (or hyphenated anti-theism) has been recorded in English since 1788. The etymological roots of the word are the Greek anti and theos.

Georgij Andreevich Klimov. Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Mouton deGruyter, 1998) reviewed for Anthropological Linguistics vol 42 #4 (2000) by Kevin Tuite, Université de Montréal.

Beekes, R. S. P.. (2009). Etymological Dictionary of Greek, pp. 1651–1652. Brill. English words derived from it include chronology, chronometer, chronic, anachronism, synchrony, and chronicle.

29 The name bonplandii honors the French scientist Aimé Bonpland.Urs Eggli, Leonard E. Newton: Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 2010, , S. 28.

Donald, J. (1880). Chambers's etymological dictionary of the English language. London/Edinburgh: W. & R. Chambers. In addition, ceiling is ultimately derived from Latin caelum as well.

Berkeley: University of California. (PDF)Bruhn, Daniel; Lowe, John; Mortensen, David; Yu, Dominic (2015). Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus Database Software. Software, UC Berkeley Dash.

According to the Max Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary, the name of the river originates from the Russian and most likely means "a river with a dry (hard) bottom".

He collaborated with Antoine Meillet on an etymological dictionary of Latin, and with François Thomas on a Latin grammar that had gone through five editions by 1975.

T. Burrow and M.B. Emeneau, A Dravidian Etymological Dictionary 2nd ed. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984), p. 257, entry #2949. The people are called Bericho, Dom, or Doma.

Alexander Macbain (or Alexander MacBain) (22 July 1855 – 4 April 1907) was a Scottish philologist, best known today for An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language (1896).

The Etymological Dictionary of the German Language is a reference book for the history of the German language, and was one of the first books of its kind ever written. Originally written in 1883 by Friedrich Kluge, it is still actively maintained and considered a standard work among the German etymological dictionaries. The most recent publication was released in 2011 in print, eBook and as an Android app.

An etymological fallacy becomes possible when a word has changed its meaning over time. Such changes can include a shift in scope (narrowing or widening of meanings) or of connotation (amelioration or pejoration). In some cases, meanings can also shift completely, so that the etymological meaning has no evident connection to the current meaning. Ancient Greeks believed that there was a "true meaning" of a word, distinct from a common use.

Thomas Collelo, ed. Lebanon: A Country Study Washington, Library of Congress, 1987. The uncertainty in the definition of the extent of "Syria" is aggravated by the etymological confusion of the similar-sounding names Syria and Assyria. The question of the ultimate etymological identity of the two names remains open today, but regardless of etymology, the two names have often been taken as exchangeable or synonymous from the time of Herodotus.

Original from the University of California. Pages 285, 299Taylor, Isaac. 'Words and Places: or, Etymological Illustrations of History, Ethnology, and Geography'. Macmillan, 1865, Harvard University. Length: 561 pages.

Etymological data points to the Middle Persian word kōšk 'palace, portico' as the origin, via Turkish köşk 'pavilion' and French kiosque or Italian chiosco.Oxford English Dictionary, 1901, s.v.

On 6 June 1947 Heinrich married Eva Auguste Horowitz. Together they wrote Jewish Family Names and their Origins: an Etymological Dictionary (1992).KTAV Publishing House, Inc. , 882 pages.

Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Heft 5. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 1915, S. 198.Urs Eggli, Leonard E. Newton: Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names. Birkhäuser 2004, , S. 13.

Retrieved 3 January 2014. or be of Scots derivation and mean "between the river banks".Blackie, Christina (1876) Etymological Geography Daldy, Isbister, & Company. Page 89. Retrieved 3 January 2014.

Baikunth Nath Sharga argues that, despite the etymological similarities between Kashmiri and Jewish surnames, the Kashmiri Pandits are of Indo-Aryan descent while the Jews are of Semitic descent.

'Hittite Etymological Dictionary Vol. 1(A)' Berlin, New York, Amsterdam: Mouton de Gruyter 1984–. and recently found inscriptions seem to pinpoint the places in the Hittite record.J.David Hawkins (2009).

The ornithological and etymological confusions posed by the name or word "geier" have led to some interesting and sometimes comical confusions in literary uses of the term, as well.

The name was attested in the form Osbertivilla in 1082.Albert Dauzat and Charles Rostaing, Etymological Dictionary of place names in France, Larousse, Paris, 1963 It came from the Germanic anthroponym Osbert or alternatively from the Scandinavian OsbernRené Lepelley, Etymological dictionary of names of communes in Normandy, Éditions Charles Corlet, Condé-sur-Noireau, 1996 , BnF 36174448w, p. 52 and the old French ville (from the Latin villa) in its original sense of "rural domain".

But these negative etymological meanings conflict with the "bon Iroquois" attitude held by the French fur traders and explorers. An alternate etymology is from the Algonquin words ronon ("nation"), or Irri- ronon ("Erie" or "Cat Nation"). It was pronounced Hirri-ronon by the French, eventually shortened to Hirr-on, and finally spelled in its present form, Huron. Other etymological possibilities come from the Algonquin words ka-ron and tu-ron ("straight coast" and "crooked coast").

There are non-etymological equivalents to the title of viscount (i.e., 'vice-count') in several languages, including German. However, in such case titles of the etymological Burgrave family (not in countries with a viscount-form, such as Italian burgravio alongside visconte) bearers of the title could establish themselves at the same gap, thus at generally the same level. Consequently, a Freiherr (or Baron) ranks not immediately below a Graf, but below a Burggraf.

The word predates Old English, and is first recorded in 731 as Soluente. This original spelling suggests a possible derivation from the Brittonic element -uente, which has endured throughout the history of Hampshire, as in the Roman city of Venta Belgarum (latinised as Venta), the post-Roman kingdom of Y Went, and the modern name of Winchester.Matasović, Ranko. "wentā" in the Etymological Dictionary of Proto- Celtic at Indo-European Etymological Dictionaries Online.

Hermeneutics is derived from the Greek word (hermēneuō, "translate, interpret"),Klein, Ernest, A complete etymological dictionary of the English language: dealing with the origin of words and their sense development, thus illustrating the history of civilization and culture, Elsevier, Oxford, 2000, p. 344. from (hermeneus, "translator, interpreter"), of uncertain etymology (R. S. P. Beekes (2009) suggests a Pre-Greek origin).R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 462.

The Chinese lexical item 热狗 règǒu "hotdog" consists of 热 rè "hot" and 狗 gǒu "dog", and is thus an etymological calque of the English lexical item hotdog. Those making the calque (as well as Chinese speakers) are completely aware that when they eat a 热狗 règǒu "hotdog" they do not eat dog meat. Nonetheless, they chose to retain the English etymology within the Chinese neologism. Therefore, règǒu is an etymological calque.

Etymology can be helpful in clarifying some questionable meanings, spellings, etc., and is also used in lexicography. For example, etymological dictionaries provide words with their historical origins, change, and development.

The dictionary was conceived in the 1950s with the inadequacy of the existing Slavic etymological dictionaries in mind.Трубачёв О. Н. Принципы построения этимологических словарей славянских языков // Вопросы языкознания. — 1957. — № 5.

Partridge, Eric. Origins: A short etymological dictionary of modern English. Book Club Associates, 1966. An early use of the word clinic was "one who receives baptism on a sick bed".

Despite not appearing in the archaeological record, etymological analysis suggests a pre- colonial Guanche origin for this instrument, its name possibly related to Berber words such as šakar, meaning "hoof".

In Greek mythology, Thalassa (; , "sea") was the primeval spirit of the sea, whose name may be of Pre-Greek origin.R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, p. 530.

Erstwhile, it was also called 'Rammalli Gorayan Di' which is also a composite of 'Rah' (passage), 'Malli' (occupied), 'Gorayan Di' (by the Gorayas), that makes the etymological development more authentic.

The Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) project uses an electronic form of the GSR and has donated a mapping to Unicode, which is now included in the Unicode dataset.

In Greek mythology, Thanatos (; , pronounced in "Death",. from θνῄσκω thnēskō "(I) die, am dying".R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 533.) was the personification of death.

Several Ohlhausen family crests bear a house and eels. Ael/ahl/ohl are all Germanic etymological variations of the English word "eel". Variations of the name: Olnhausen, Ohlhausen, Olhausen, Aelhausen, etc.

The word kentron literally means "centre" in Armenian, and has the same etymological root as the English word, ultimately from Ancient Greek κέντρον (kéntron, "centre"). Its Western Armenian cognate is getron ().

Because Jamtlandic l in a post-f position is pronounced as a retroflex r, the false etymological "Offerdal" with offer = '(ritual) sacrifice' was introduced in documents when referring to the area.

The prickly brown ray's genus name, Dipturus, comes from the two Greek words: δι (di), meaning "two", and πτερύγια (pteryx), meaning fin.Romero, P., 2002. An etymological dictionary of taxonomy. Madrid, unpublished.

Muntić (mǔnːtich, latin Monticolum, ital. Monticchio (Polesano)) is a village in Southeastern Istria, Croatia. The etymological meaning is traced to the Latin, mòns, or monticulus, which means hill or little mountain.

The spelling Barou was attested in 1417.Albert Dauzat and Charles Rostaing, Etymological Dictionary of place names in France, Larousse, Paris, 1963 René Lepelley suggested a possible attribution of its origin to the Gallic barro (barre in Old French) meaning "fence" joined to the Gallic suffix of presence -avo meaning "enclosure".René Lepelley, Etymological Dictionary of names of communes in Normandy, Éditions Charles Corlet, Condé-sur-Noireau, 1996, BnF 36174448w p. 59 Albert Dauzat proposes the Latin anthroponym Barus.

A map of the proposed Altaic language family The Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages contains 2,800 etymologies, among which half were newly developed by the team over 10 years.Starostin, S.A., Dybo, Anna V., and Mudrak, O.A. Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages BRILL, Leiden, 2003. There is an introduction at the beginning detailing the authors' defenses of the Altaic language family theory. It is claimed that there are two contact zones for the Altaic languages.

Vowel length is not distinctive in Shilha, but orthographically long vowels may be used to indicate emphasized syllables in metric texts, e.g. lxálayiq ‹lxālayiq› “creatures” vs. standard Arabic orthography ‹l-xalāʼiq›. The Arabic letters ﺙ, ﺫ, ﻅ, representing the Arabic interdentals /θ, ð, ð̣/ may be used in etymological spellings of loanwords, but they are often replaced by ﺕ, ﺩ, ﺽ, in accordance with Shilha pronunciation, e.g. lḥadit “tradition” can be written as ‹lḥadiθ› (etymological) or as ‹lḥadit› (phonemic).

The etymology of the word ketchup is unclear, with multiple competing theories:"The etymological origin of the word ketchup is a matter of confusion". Pure Ketchup, by Andrew F. Smith, . Page 4.

"The Origin of the Kabeiroi" Mnemosyne. Vol. 57, Fasc. 4 (2004: 465–477); Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 612. The Albanian language also gives an explanation of the word Cabeiri.

The light green stamens are in two rows. The stylus is also light green; the scar yellowish. The fruits are spindle-shaped.Urs Eggli, Leonard E. Newton: Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names.

The word is of uncertain origin.Entry "Gaia", in the Online Etymology Dictionary. Robert S. P. Beekes has suggested a Pre- Greek origin.Robert S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, pp.

While to English speakers they may seem unusual at first, once the new orthography and pronunciation are learned, written Hungarian is almost completely phonemic (except for etymological spellings and "ly, j" representing ).

All these names apparently share their etymological origins. The name of the Rugii continued to be used after the 6th century to refer to Slavic speaking peoples including even Russians. pp.43-44.

Klein, E. (1971). A comprehensive etymological dictionary of the English language. Dealing with the origin of words and their sense development thus illustration the history of civilization and culture. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science B.V.

Of the original more than 3,000 books, only about 200 can now be identified. Jokl's life's work, an edition of the Etymological Dictionary of Albanian by Gustav Meyer,with handwritten addendtos, is untraceable.

Oxford English Dictionary, s.v. "itsy-bitsy"; Oxford Dictionary of English (2005), s.v. "itsy-bitsy"; Online Etymological Dictionary . ; komondor : A big Hungarian breed of livestock guardian dog, looking like a big mop, always white.

He then worked at the Palacký University. With colleagues, he wrote an Old Slavic dictionary. From 1952, he worked at Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, where he wrote an Etymological dictionary (Czech: Etymologický slovník).

The etymological origin of the name "Nandinagari" is unclear. The first part of the term "Nandi" is ambiguous in its context. It may mean "sacred" or "auspicious" (cf. Nandi verses in Sanskrit drama).

"Muir" is the Scots word for "moorland", and Scots Gaelic for "sea", and is the etymological origin of the surname and Clan Muir/Mure/Moore in Scotland and other parts of the world.

The name Ogrobe is well documented and the following passage in Latin was written about the name of Ograbe: "et ecclesiam Sancti Uincentii in insula Ocobre dextris cum suis." (899, St. Vincent of O Grove). Its original form is Ogrobe, having suffered in more recent times as a result of a completely Spanish etymological process. As natural etymological evolution occurred, the segmentation of the initial vowel "O" was confused with the masculine singular article in Galician and is translated as "El" in Spanish .

The Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico is a discursive etymological dictionary of Spanish compiled by Joan Corominas (also spelled Coromines) in collaboration with José Antonio Pascual. It was completed in the late 1970s and published in five volumes in the early 1980s. An index of the five volumes was published as a sixth volume in 1991. The dictionary is an expansion and consolidation of earlier etymological publications by Corominas, particularly the mid-1950s Diccionario crítico etimológico de la lengua castellana.

1000 to c. 1850. A Glossary of Terms and Definitions. and is also regarded as the etymological root of the word hay. The term haga or hay effectively came to mean a deer park.

The second element is uncertain, the latinization Gundisalvus may be based on a folk etymological interpretation based on Latin salvus. Suggestions include gunþi-saiwala- (as it were "battle-soul") and gunþis-albs ("battle-elf").

The tree represents the etymological origin of the name Bammental, Baum im Tal (tree in the valley). The flag is green and white and was awarded by the Ministry of the Interior in 1965.

57–67; Williams, p. 23 Lăzurică himself extended the neologism to mean "freedom-loving man", rather than simply "man", and claimed that it had etymological links to Ramayana.Matei (2012), pp. 60–61, 64–65.

The Keśin were lone ascetics, living a life of renunciation and wandering mendicants.Flood 1996, p. 78. Yāska (c. 500 BCE) offered several etymological meanings to Keśin, including the sun or the sun God Surya.

This etymological origin has been criticized as not being in accordance to Grimm's law and Skeat may have recanted the proposal at a later date.Shippey, Tom A. Beowulf: The Critical Heritage pp. 387–88.

The name Langtoft is derived from Old Norse langr or Old English lang 'long' and Old Norse topt 'site of a house'. It has etymological homonymy with Langtoft, Lincolnshire and Lanquetot (Normandy, Languetot 12th century).

The use of adviser is of English origin, with "er" as a noun ending, and advisor of Latin origin.Adviser versus advisor- Retrieved 2014-05-25 The words are etymological twin cognates and are considered interchangeable.

The English word spade,Donald, J. (1880). Chambers's etymological dictionary of the English language.’’ London/Edinburgh: W. & R. Chambers. as well as the Dutch equivalent spade Vries, J. de, Tollenaere, F. de & Persijn, A.J. (1993).

However, according to Beekes, the name Kadmilus may be of pre-Greek origin, as seems to be the case with the name Cadmus.R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, pp. 613–4.

The name "Vigilantia" is Latin for "alertness, wakefulness". Itself deriving from "vigilia" (watch, watchfulness) and "vigil" ((1)adjective: awake, watching, alert (2)noun: watchman, sentinel).Douglas Harper, Online Etymological Dictionary. Entries "vigil", "vigilance", "vigilant", "vigilante".

The pelagic zone consists of the water column of the open ocean, and can be further divided into regions by depth. The word "pelagic" is derived .pelagic (adj.) Online Etymological Dictionary. Retrieved 17 February 2020.

The guthriae plant name honors Louise Guthrie.Urs Eggli and Leonard E. Newton, eds., Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names (Springer Science & Business Media 2013): 100. Her art is archived at the University of Cape Town.

The Greek ἔρως, meaning "desire," comes from ἔραμαι "to desire, love", of uncertain etymology. R. S. P. Beekes has suggested a Pre-Greek origin.R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 449.

The word bespoke derives from the verb bespeak, to speak for something, in the specialised meaning of "to give order for it to be made."Bailey, Nathan (1756). An Universal Etymological English Dictionary. R. Ware.

The brothers were said to have been buried at Baghan, a local harbour in Torrin, Scotland. Acunn is the possible etymological origin of Kyleakin, a village in Scotland, whereas Kylerhea might be named after Riadh.

Ben Jonah et al., 1841, pp. 107–108.Negev and Gibson, 2005, p. 330. The Reverend R. Rappaport ventured that merino, the celebrated wool, may have its etymological roots in the name for the village.

After retiring in 1989, he spent significant time compiling an etymological glossary of Old Gujarati. He died at his home, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania, on April 18, 1996 of a heart attack, aged 77 years old.

Ben Jonah et al., 1841, pp. 107-108.Negev and Gibson, 2005, p. 330. The Reverend R. Rappaport ventured that merino, the celebrated wool, may have its etymological roots in the name for the village.

The encompassing nature of Dal's dictionary gives it critical linguistic importance even today, especially because a large proportion of the dialectal vocabulary he collected has since passed out of use. The dictionary served as a base for Vasmer's Etymological dictionary of the Russian language, the most comprehensive Slavic etymological lexicon. For his great dictionary Dal was honoured by the Lomonosov Medal, the Constantine Medal (1863) and an honorary fellowship in the Russian Academy of Sciences. He is interred at the Vagankovskoye Cemetery in Moscow.

Miles Bronson, an American missionary was the first to compile a dictionary of the Assamese language. His Dictionary published in 1867 at American Baptist Mission Press Sibsagar, is out of print now. Bronson's work was not really an etymological dictionary but contained a very considerable collection of words culled from the lips of local people but without derivations. Hem Chandra Baruah (1836–1897) was the first Assamese to compile an etymological dictionary called Hem Kosh of the Assamese language, published in 1900 under the supervision of Capt.

It has also been suggested by Pseudo-Plutarch that the name comes from a word meaning "to follow" and another meaning "blind". Other sources connect Homer's name with Smyrna for several etymological reasons.Graziosi, pp. 79–81.

Hemda Ben-Yehuda’s 1904 neologism אופנה ' "fashion" is an etymological calque - deriving from אופן ' "mode" – of the internationalism móda "fashion" (e.g. moda in Italian), which can be traced back to the Latin lexical item modus "mode".

Roberto Peter Bongiovanni (2014). "The Interchange of Plain Velar and Aspirate in Kronos/Chronos: A Case for Etymological Equivalence". Master's thesis at City University of New York. The interpretatio graeca identified him with the Titan Cronus.

The name is related to Lael found in Numbers 3:24 meaning a man consecrated "to God". In etymological form the name Lemuel is kindred with Jamuel (Genesis 46:10) and Namuel (1 Chronicles 4:24).

DOI: 10.1093/ijl/ecy010 generally with citations from literary sources, many of which date to the first European contact with the Indian subcontinent, frequently in other non-English European languages. Most entries also have etymological notes.

"Ananke" is derived from the common Ancient Greek noun ἀνάγκη (Ionic: ἀναγκαίη anankaiē), meaning "force, constraint or necessity." The common noun itself is of uncertain etymology.Beekes, R. S. P.. (2009). Etymological Dictionary of Greek, p. 97\. Brill.

Pjetër Mazreku or Peter Masarechi or Petar Masarechi (1584-16??) (, ) was an Albanian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He wrote documents on the state of Christians in the Ottoman Empire, and authored an Albanian etymological dictionary.

In one attested document, the Arcadocypriot Greek of Mantineia used an innovative letter similar to И (), probably derived from a variant of san, to denote what was probably a -like sound in environments reflecting etymological Proto-Greek .

Yi Jianping, "'Civilization' and 'State': An Etymological Perspective"; Social Sciences in China 33(2), 2012; . In toponymic terminology, names of individual cities and towns are called astionyms (from Ancient Greek ἄστυ / city or town, and ὄνομα / name).

Excerpt for the etymology of Meenatchi from "A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Tamil Language, Vol. VII, PART - II", page 68: மீனாட்சி ,Mīṉāṭci, பெ. (n. ) மதுரையை உறைவிடமாகக் கொண்ட தெய்வம்; Umā, the tutelary Goddess of Madurai. [மீன் + ஆட்சி.

The earliest use of the term "pureblood" in English referring to animal breeding, according to the Online Etymological Dictionary, was in 1882 and "pure bred" in 1890. The Merriam- Webster Online Dictionary dates the use to 1852.

The word bolus comes from Yiddish. The Dutch Van Dale etymological dictionary says that the word bolus or boles is the plural of bole, which comes from the Spanish bollo meaning bun, or bola which means "ball".

In The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity, Jürgen Habermas criticized what he considered Derrida's opposition to rational discourse. Further, in an essay on religion and religious language, Habermas criticized Derrida's emphasis on etymology and philology (see Etymological fallacy).

The Ukrainian word nehr () is widely used and is a calque- form of the .Melnychuk (2003), Etymolohichnyi slovnyk Ukraïnsʹkoï movy (Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, p 63. It is considered a neutral term.

Author article in English on WordPress, philosophy website, the etymological interpretation of kelpie may be in connection with the medieval word palfrey, denoting a galloway; a horse is one of the widespread transformations of water (loch) elves.

Multikulti is a slogan of the multiculturalism public policy approach. Its etymological origin is with the German progressive movements of the 1970s and 1980s. It was popularised by the German Green Party and gained popularity throughout Europe.

The name of the locality was attested as Balcheium in 1082Albert Dauzat and Charles Rostaing, Etymological Dictionary of place names in France, Larousse, Paris, 1963 The toponym comes from the Gallic balc, meaning "clay", which gave the old French bauche with the same meaning. The place used to supply clay for construction.René Lepelley, Etymological Dictionary of names of communes in Normandy, Éditions Charles Corlet, Condé-sur-Noireau, 1996, BnF 36174448w p. 59 Bauquay appears as Beaugnay on the 1750 Cassini Map and the same on the 1790 version.

Max Vasmer in his etymological dictionary notes that the historical name of the river mentioned in the earliest East Slavic document, Primary Chronicle is Pripet' () and cites the opinion of other linguists that the name meant "tributary", comparing with Greek and Latin roots. He also rejects some opinions which were improperly based on the stem -pjat', rather than original .Max Vasmer, Etymological dictionary of the Russian language, article "Припять" in Russian translation It might also derive from the local word pripech used for a river with sandy banks.

The underworld windowskate's genus name, Fenestraja, comes from a combination of two words. Fenestre is a Latin word meaning window, which in this case refers to a small opening in bone.Romero, P., 2002. An etymological dictionary of taxonomy.

In the honour of Petar Skok etymological-onomastics conferences are held with contributions of Croatian and foreign experts. So far six of them have been held, chronologically in Zagreb (1987), Zadar, Pula, Krk, Vukovar and in Korčula (2006).

The etymological connection is probably due to the resemblance to a grenade or old-fashioned bomb and may today possibly also be regarded as a reference to the high calorie density of this recipe (i.e., a "calorie bomb").

Murray Rothbard himself stated that "[w]e are not anarchists, and that those who call us anarchists are not on firm etymological ground, and are being completely unhistorical."Rothbard, Murray (1 April 2008). "Are Libertarians 'Anarchists'?". Mises Institute.

Daugava flowing through Riga in Latvia According to Max Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary, the toponym Dvina clearly cannot stem from a Uralic language, and it possibly comes from an Indo- European word which used to mean river or stream.

Wax & Gold. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. pp. 1–2. This theory is recounted by Tigrinya speaking people on the Ethiopian side of the border. There is currently no etymological and chronological evidence to support this theory.

An etymological dictionary of taxonomy. Madrid, unpublished. Specimens of P. grandoculus were collected as early as 1976, and originally described as the Mauve Goby, however it was not formally identified as a separate species and described until 2002.

Other etymological versions explaining how Dulag got its name includes "dulao" (the medical herb turmeric, curcuma longa),"nagdudulag" (bones of wild animals scattered by hunters; scattered settlers), and "dalag" (vernacular term for catfish, ictalutus punctatus, thriving along Candao River).

To its south was the Kingdom of Morgannwg. The main legacy of the kingdom of Brycheiniog is etymological. It has lent its name to Brecknockshire (Welsh: Sir Frycheiniog, the shire of Brycheiniog) and Brecon (known as Aberhonddu in Welsh). .

Maes is also a Welsh or Brythonic toponymic name referring to one who lived or worked “in or near a field”. In this usage it is pronounced “Mize”, and is a possible etymological source of that name as well.

The epithet yuccoides derives from the botanical name of the genus Yucca and the suffix oides meaning "likeness" derived from a Greek word.Urs Eggli, Leonard E. Newton: Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 2010, , S. 263.

320-321The fuller title taken from: Robert Jamieson also noted the ballad under the etymological explanation of seelie meaning "happy." The ballad thus mention the Queen of Fairies, elphyne meaning Elfland (Fairyland), and seelie witches in a single passage.

The word of mouth knowledge about the etymological roots of the name is that at first the name was "Mullakara" which translates in Malayalam as "Land of Bamboos" which was later altered to Mulakuzha (Mula + kuzha/kula=Bamboo+Area).

Archaic perfume vase in the shape of a Siren, c. 540 BC The etymology of the name is contested. Robert S. P. Beekes has suggested a Pre- Greek origin.Robert S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p.

There are many etymological claims as to the origins of the name Ossola. The most likely is from the Celtic "hoch hill", which means "high lands". The German name for the valley is Eschental ("valley of the ash trees").

Salus, seated and holding a patera (libation bowl), on an aureus issued under Nero Salus (, "safety", "salvation", "welfare")M. De Vaan Etymological Dictionary of Latin Leyden 2010 s.v.; The Oxford Classical Dictionary 4th ed. London & New York 2012 s.v.

The word "thesaurus" comes from Latin thēsaurus, which in turn comes from Greek (thēsauros) 'treasure, treasury, storehouse'."thesaurus". Online Etymology Dictionary. The word thēsauros is of uncertain etymology.R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 548.

Both dialogues attest to Euthyphro's particular interest in father- gods such as Uranus, Cronus and Zeus,Plato, Cratylus, 396bPlato, Euthyphro, 5e and Socrates accredits Euthyphro with igniting deep inspiration during the etymological exercise he embarks upon in the Cratylus.

The Gods of the Celts. Alan Sutton, Gloucs. . pp.85, 165. Xavier Delamarre, however, considers Vendryes' interpretation to be very improbable; on purely etymological grounds, he suggests that ico- might be the name of a bird, perhaps the woodpecker.

Besides his contribution to the Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (French Etymological Dictionary) for which he is the author of at least ninety extensive articles, and of numerous monographs, he stands out for the launch of two major dictionaries: Dictionnaire onomasiologique de l'ancien occitan (Onomasiological Dictionary of Old Occitan), which later was merged into the Dictionnaire onomasiologique de l'ancien gascon (Onomasiological Dictionary of Old Gascon), as well as Dictionnaire étymologique de l'ancien français (DEAF) (Etymological Dictionary of Old French) (1971). As its name indicates, the first dictionary is onomasiological; that is, it is organized by concept, while the second (DEAF) is organized by etymological families. Baldinger originally published his Teoría semántica: Hacia una semántica moderna (Semantic Theory: Toward a Modern Semantics) (Madrid, Alcalá, 1970 and 1976) in Spanish. Baldinger's productivity was enormous: a tribute collection, published to mark his seventieth birthday, included 70 monographs, 261 articles and 1,890 reviews.

Setting up homesteads in the area, the settlers named local places and geographic features after the lands they never reached. Ohioville, New York is an example of another area with the same etymological lineage.Maguire, Jack. Of Turtles, Pioneers, Falcons, and Moss.

In Greek mythology, ichor (; )Of uncertain etymology; R. S. P. Beekes has suggested that is a foreign word (Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, pp. 607–8). is the ethereal fluid that is the blood of the gods and/or immortals.

The English word 'gibbon' is said to be a reborrowing from French, and folk etymology (cf. Gibbon (surname))Skeat, Walter William (1910), “gibbon”, in An etymological dictionary of the English language, Oxford: Clarendon, page 778. originally from an Orang Asli word.

To the south lie the City of London wards of Farringdon Within and Farringdon Without. The City Wards, which were once a single unit, are unconnected to the distinct area of Farringdon to their north, though there is an etymological connection.

Japanese adjectival nouns differ in etymological origin from adjectival verbs. Whereas adjectival verbs are almost entirely native in origin, the class of adjectival nouns comprises mostly foreign loanwords and a small subset of polymorphemic native words.Nishiyama 1999, pp. 204Fujino 2013, p.

There is probably an etymological link between hajdú and the Turkish word hajdud which was used by the Ottomans to describe Hungarian infantry soldiers, though it is not clear whether the word traveled from Hungarian to Turkish or vice versa.

Androcide is a coordinate term of femicide and a hyponym of gendercide. The etymological root of the hybrid word is derived from a combination of the Greek prefix andro meaning "man" or boy, with the Latin suffix cide, meaning killing.

Seoul is a rendering of the Korean word “seo'ul” (), pronounced [səˈul]. An etymological hypothesis presumes that the origin of the native word “seo'ul” derives from the native name Seorabeol (), which originally referred to Gyeongju, the capital of Silla, then called Geumseong ().

It has, since 1991, found some favor in advertising to deliberately invoke an archaic or "old-timey" style. It is also a permissible though optional way of writing the etymological yat in the Cyrillic writing of Interslavic (equivalent to Latin ě).

When "Paz" is of Castilian origin, it is a descriptive surname meaning 'peace' (from Latin 'pax', genitive 'pacis'), deriving from the Castilian language Marian epithet; "María de la Paz." With this same etymological history, the surname also exists in Portuguese.

The etymological origin of anarchism is from the Ancient Greek anarkhia, meaning "without a ruler", composed of the prefix an- (i.e. "without") and the word arkhos (i.e. "leader" or "ruler"). The suffix -ism denotes the ideological current that favours anarchy.

The name means "Lioness" in the Berber language, a reference to the Barbary lions that lived in this region. Maghrebian place names like Oran (Uhran) which means "lion", and Souk Ahras which means "Market of Lions" have the same etymological source.

Biatach, also, spelled biadhtach, is a Gaelic word translated as farmer and provider MacBain, Alexander, An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, 2nd ed. 1911, reprinted 1982. Positions of this nature in Ireland were passed down within a given family.

Amerias (Greek: Ἀμερίας, 3rd century BC) was an ancient Macedonian lexicographer, known for his compilation of a glossary titled Glossai (', terms or words). Αnother of his works was called Rhizotomikos ('), an etymological treatise.Athenaeus, iv. p.176, c, e, xv. p.

He continued to publish studies of folklore, including one in 1918 about Bessarabia.Anghel, p. 96 Nevertheless, his research interests shifted toward a historic and etymological study of the Romanian lexis and a determination of the language's relationship to its Romance counterparts.

Barneville was called Barnavilla in 1062: from the Scandinavian antroponym BiarnAlbert Dauzat and Charles Rostaing, Etymological Dictionary of place names in France, Larousse, Paris, 1963 or BarniRené Lepelley, Etymological Dictionary of commune names in Normandy, Éditions Charles Corlet, Condé-sur-Noireau, 1996 bnf 36174448w, p. 59 and the Latin villa giving the meaning "rural domain". Bertran is the family name of the lords of the area in the Middle Ages.Community of communes of Pays de Honfleur - Barneville-la-Bertran , consulted on 20 April 2012 On 6 November 1995 the commune of Barneville officially changed its name to Barneville-la- Bertran.

A series of ethnological and pseudo-linguistic works were published by three Greek teachers, notably Boukouvalas and Tsioulkas, whose publications demonstrate common ideological and methodological similarities. They published etymological lists tracing every single Slavic word to Ancient Greek with fictional correlations, and they were ignorant of the dialects and the Slavic languages entirely. Among them, Boukouvalas promoted an enormous influence of the Greek language on a Bulgarian idiom and a discussion about their probable Greek descent. Tsioulkas followed him by publishing a large book, where he "proved" through an "etymological" approach, that these idioms are a pure Ancient Greek dialect.

Ihre was the first scholar to recognize the sound change of the Germanic languages that was later to be elaborated on by Rasmus Christian Rask and Jakob Grimm and now known after the latter as Grimm's law. In 1737 the German philologist Johann Georg Wachter (1663–1757) published an etymological dictionary of the German language, Glossarium Germanicum. This book had a great influence on Johan Ihre: in 1769 he published, along the same lines as Wachter's work, a Swedish etymological dictionary.Two Pre-Modern Etymologists: The Connections between Johann Georg Wachter (1663–1757) and Johan Ihre (1707–1780).

Oslo: Institute for Comparative Research in Human Culture. . Pages 98–99 In 2003, Claus Schönig published a critical overview of the history of the Altaic hypothesis up to that time, siding with the earlier criticisms of Clauson, Doerfer, and Shcherbak. In 2003, Starostin, Anna Dybo and Oleg Mudrak published the Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages, which expanded the 1991 lexical lists and added other phonological and grammatical arguments. Starostin's book was criticized by Stefan Georg in 2004 and 2005,Stefan Georg (2004): "[Review of Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages (2003)]". Diachronica volume 21, issue 2, pages 445–450.

He currently holds a chair in the Department of Linguistics in the Faculty of Philosophy in Zagreb, where he teaches courses on comparative Indo-European grammar, Celtic studies, and language typology. His research interests include comparative Indo-European grammar (especially of Celtic and Balto-Slavic languages), language typology and syntax, and Latin, Celtic, and Hittite philology. He has contributed to the Indo-European Etymological Dictionary project organized by Leiden University with his Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic. He has also published works on Armenian and Albanian, including the Arbanasi speech of the Albanian diaspora near Zadar.

Other etymological root suggests that the word is said to derive from 'silap' (to make a mistake). This means that using the opponent’s strength against them—in their strength lies their weakness. This strength could be physical or psychological. Others suggested that it originated from the word sekilat meaning “as fast as lightening” derived from kilat (lightning); sila (as in silsilah or chain) indicating the transmission of Silat from guru to murid (disciple of Silat or other religious or secular knowledge); and more mysteriously, from the Arabic solat (prayer), although linguists regard solat as an unlikely candidate for the etymological root of 'Silat'.

This term stems from the root-verb meaning acceptance by tradition, from which derives the words سَمْع (sam‘un) and اِسْتِمَاع (’istimā‘un, listening), often paired with نَقْل (naqlun) and تَقْلِيد (taqlīdun, tradition).Arabic: قاموس المنجد — Moungued Dictionary (paper); Persian: Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb — Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary 2 (paper), by Johnny Cheung, Brill Academic. It may have been in use since the 10th century to refer to a type of dhikr (remembrance of God), a spiritual concert, a ceremony used by various Sufi orders, particularly the Chishti order of the sub-continent. It often involves prayer, song and dance.

After the War, Marianne Winder began studying German as an external student at the University of London. On gaining her honours degree in 1948 she obtained a post as Tutorial Assistant in the Department of German at the University of Nottingham. At Nottingham she completed a Master's thesis on the etymology of High Middle German words, an excerpt from which was published in 1952 as a supplement to Maurice Walshe's dictionary, A Concise German Etymological Dictionary. As no etymological dictionary of High Middle German in medieval German texts existed at that time her contribution was significant in the field.

The Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana (in English, Brief etymological dictionary of the Spanish language) is an etymological dictionary compiled by the Catalan philologist Joan Corominas (1905-1997), and first published in 1961—with revised editions in 1973, 1993, and 2008—by Gredos in Madrid. This work has received high marks from critics in the field of Romance philology, and its author has been recognized with the highest honors of Spanish civil society, such as the Premio Nacional de las Letras Españolas, in 1989, which was for the entirety of his work, including both Spanish and Catalan dictionaries.

Critical etymological dictionary of the Spanish language, in four volumes (Editorial Francke - 1954) The Diccionario crítico etimológico de la lengua castellana is a discursive, four-volume etymological dictionary of Spanish compiled by the Catalan philologist Joan Corominas (1905-1997), and first published by Francke Verlag in Bern, Switzerland, in 1954. Its publication was followed in 1961 by that of a single-volume abridged version (Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana), and in the 1980s by a six- volume revised and expanded version (retitled Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico). This dictionary was praised for its ambitious approach, its exhaustive coverage of the material, its meticulous documentation, and its unprecedented candor about the unknown. As Josep Pla said: "... I have the feeling that is one of the hardest works in the country, done with a safe, rhythmic and continuous effort.. The Critical & etymological Dictionary is what it has been left behind a lonely, restless lifetime of effort...".

A revision of John Jamieson's etymological Scottish Dictionary provided his major work. His abridged edition was issued at Aberdeen in 1867, and a complete edition in 4 vols. (Paisley, 1879–82). On the title-page he appears as joint-editor with David Donaldson.

He studied under M. H. Shastri(whom he later succeeded in the Government Sanskrit College, Trivandrum). He obtained his PhD degree for his thesis on the Unadi Sutras, Ancient Indian etymological treatise under the guidance of V. Venkatasubramania Iyer and R. Karunakaran.

The Bulgarian online etymological dictionary claims that longest word in Bulgarian to be the 39-letter-long ('), introduced in the Constitution of Bulgaria of 1947 (Dimitrov Constitution). The word means "do not perform actions against the constitution" (addressed to more than one person).

Albrecht Dürer's engraving of Nemesis, c 1502 The name Nemesis is related to the Greek word νέμειν némein, meaning "to give what is due", from Proto-Indo-European nem- "distribute".R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, pp. 1005–06.

Southey's link of oikophobia to wealth and the search for new experiences was taken up by other writers, and cited in dictionaries.Black, Richard. 1874. The student's manual complete: an etymological vocabulary of words derived from the Greek and Latin. Oxford. p. 84.

Their genus name, Pegasus is taken from the Greek mythological creature the Pegasus, or a winged horse of Perseus. Their species name, laternarius is derived from the Latin word later, meaning "made of bricks".Romero, P., 2002. An etymological dictionary of taxonomy.

Antenor de Veras Nascentes (1886–1972) was a Brazilian philologist, etymologist, and lexicographer. He wrote the first etymological dictionary of Brazil. He also had an interest in dialect and experimental phonetics. He did analysis of popular speech in Rio de Janeiro in 1922.

Silent 'h' is never written, unlike in Standard French, where it remains for etymological purposes. The diphthong 'OU' is replaced by 'w' when it stands for . The diphthong 'OI' is replaced by 'we', but by 'o' in the words "mo" and "to".

Etymological list of counties of Ireland is a list of the origins of the names of the traditional counties of Ireland, both north and south, including counties that are no longer used. Unless otherwise state, the origin of a name is from Irish.

The word génépi has uncertain etymological origins, but it is strongly associated with the Savoy region.Nicola Zingarelli, Vocabolario della lingua italiana, 12ª ed. a cura di Miro Daglioti e Luigi Risiello, Ed. Zanchilelli, Bologna, 1990 ad vocem "Genepì". The Petit Larousse IllustréEd.

Barry is both a given name and a surname. The given name is an Anglicised form of several Irish personal names or shortened form of Barnabas, while the surname has numerous etymological origins, and is derived from both place names and personal names.

Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books. ASIN B00D959PJ0 Though the Greek drakōn often differs from the modern Western conception of a dragon, it is both the etymological origin of the modern term and the source of many surviving Indo-European myths and legends about dragons.

The axe was used in battle, as a status symbol, and also as a form of currency in trade. The weapon is the etymological base of the name "Zappo Zap", an infamous Songye tribal group once active in the Congo Free State.

Antonio Tovar, with preliminary studies in Berlin, later professor of the University of Salamanca, was professor for Comparative Linguistics in Tübingen from 1967 to 1979. Together with Manuel Agud and Koldo Mitxelena he prepared an unedited etymological dictionary of the Basque language.

These eastern scripts, which also varied somewhat by state or region, were later misunderstood by Xu Shen, author of the Han dynasty etymological dictionary Shuowen Jiezi, who thought they predated the Warring States Qin forms, and thus labeled them gǔwén (古文), or "ancient script".

According to some sources, this is the origin of x used for the unknown in the equations.Terry Moore: Why is 'x' the unknown?Online Etymological Dictionary However, according to other sources, there is no historical evidence for this. In Modern Arabic mathematical notation, sīn, i.e.

Some letters are not part of any grapheme, but function as etymological markers. Graphemes do not cross morpheme boundaries. Morphemes are spelled consistently, following rules inflection and word-formation, and allow readers and writers to understand and produce words they have not previously encountered.

Sibi (Urdu: سِبی, Pashto: سیوئ), is a city in the Balochistan province of Pakistan and the Sibi Division is named after it. The etymological origin of Sibi is attributed to Rani Sewi of the Sewa Dynasty that ruled Balochistan before the onset of Islam.

The Pastoral Tuareg: Ecology, Culture and Society Vol. I & II. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1997, pp. 31. Some studies have linked the Tuareg to early ancient Egyptian civilization.Hagan, Helene E. The Shining Ones: An Etymological Essay on the Amazigh Roots of Egyptian Civilization.

The term coccyx is derived from the ancient Greek word Klein, E. (1971). A comprehensive etymological dictionary of the English language. Dealing with the origin of words and their sense development thus illustration the history of civilization and culture. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science B.V. kokkyx "cuckoo";.

Terms with an etymological equivalent to Yule are still used in Nordic countries and Estonia to describe Christmas and other festivals occurring during the winter holiday season. Today, Yule is celebrated in Heathenry and other forms of Neopaganism, as well as in LaVeyan Satanism.

Huncote is a village and civil parish in the district of Blaby in the county of Leicestershire, England. It is just west of Narborough, and is on the Thurlaston Brook. The place-name Huncote is the etymological root of the American surnames Hunnicutt, and Honeycut.

It had been said that no one in three worlds could match her in beauty, having perfect features, and severe religious self-discipline. This name is possibly connected to that of the queen of the Scythian gods, Tabiti,Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 378–379MacLeod, Sharon (Dec 7, 2013). The Divine Feminine in Ancient Europe: Goddesses, Sacred Women and the Origins of Western Culture. McFarland. p. 116-128.- Retrieved 2018-12-17 and it is possible that there was originally a dominant fire goddess in ancient Proto-Indo-Iranian religion.

Since neither nor was a native sound in Latin, the tendency must have emerged early, and at the latest by medieval Latin, to substitute . Thus, in many modern languages, including French and German, the digraph is used in Greek loan-words to represent an original , but is now pronounced : examples are French théâtre, German Theater. In some cases, this etymological , which has no remaining significance for pronunciation, has been transferred to words in which there is no etymological justification for it. For example, German Tal ('valley', cognate with English dale) appears in many place-names with an archaic spelling Thal (contrast Neandertal and Neanderthal).

The Meitei are known by a number of endonyms, Meitei, Meetei (), Meithei (), and as well as by numerous exonyms, including Manipuri (), Cassay-Shan (), and Kathe (). The etymological origins of the word "Meitei" are contested; the term may have descended from the word "Mitei," which means "modeled in God's image." Another etymological origins of "Meitei" from two different Meitei words i.e. 'Mei' meaning fire, and 'tei' meaning touch or paint, combining the two words which give philosophical mean of "purified by fire", after death Meitei burn the deceased body hoping the soul get purified and goes to Koubru the place which Meitei believe human originated.

His one major surviving work, the philosophical treatise, ("Compendium of Greek Theology")A new edition is in preparation: Cornutus: A Cursory Examination of the Traditions of Greek Theology (), with text, translation, and commentary, edited by David Armstrong, Pamela Gordon, Loveday Alexander and L. Michael White. is a manual of "popular mythology as expounded in the etymological and symbolical interpretations of the Stoics".John Edwin Sandys This early example of a Roman educational treatise, provided an account of Greek mythology on the bases of highly elaborated etymological readings. Cornutus sought to recover the earliest beliefs that primitive people had about the world by examining the various names and titles of the gods.

The name of the hill is the etymological origin of the word palace and its cognates in other languages (Greek: παλάτιον, , , Spanish: palacio, Portuguese: palácio, , , etc.)."Palace". From the Oxford English Dictionary The Palatine Hill is also the etymological origin (via the Latin adjective ') of "palatine", a 16th century English adjective that originally signified something pertaining to the Caesar's palace, or someone who is invested with the king's authority. Later its use shifted to a reference to the German Palatinate."Palatine". From the Oxford English Dictionary The office of the German count palatine (Pfalzgraf) had its origins in the comes palatinus, an earlier office in Merovingian and Carolingian times.

Spelling is easier in languages with more or less consistent spelling systems such as Finnish, Serbian, Italian and Spanish, owing to the fact that, either, pronunciation in these languages has changed relatively little since the establishment of their spelling-systems, or else that non- phonemic etymological spellings have been replaced with phonemic unetymological spellings as pronunciation changes. Guessing the spelling of a word is more difficult after pronunciation changes significantly, thus yielding a non-phonetic etymological spelling system such as Irish or French. These spelling systems are still 'phonemic' (rather than 'phonetic') since pronunciation can be systematically derived from spelling, although the converse (i.e. spelling from pronunciation) may not be possible.

This work has been called simply "the best etymological dictionary of Spanish."Haensch and Omeñaca (2004:143) Throughout almost five thousand pages, Corominas establishes the origin and development of Castilian vocabulary, both archaic and modern, Peninsular and Latin American, often referencing other Iberian and Romance languages. This project was begun in parallel with the author's other magnum opus, the Diccionari Etimològic i Complementari de la Llengua Catalana, an etymological dictionary of Catalan. Its lexical data base includes all the languages and dialects of the Iberian Peninsula (as well as others from beyond), including Catalan, Galician, Basque, Leonese, Judaeo-Spanish, Mozarabic, Portuguese, and Occitan/Provençal.

Location map The etymological origin of the name stems from the Old Norse word appearing in historical records in the 1320s and meaning gravel.”Mälaren”. Nationalencyklopedin. Accessed 4 November 2016. The lake was previously known as , which is Old Norse for "The Lake".Grimes, Heilan Yvette.

The English word joint is a past participle of the verb join, and can be read as joined.Klein, E. (1971). A comprehensive etymological dictionary of the English language. Dealing with the origin of words and their sense development thus illustration the history of civilization and culture.

117 or "crime-case" fiction.Hegel, 1998, p. 32 The above etymological development is similar to that of "case" in English - a word which originally described the physical depository where documents of a particular criminal investigation were kept, and later came to refer to the investigation itself.

The etymological origin of the word 'genet' is uncertain; it might originate from the Greek prefix gen meaning bear and the New Latin suffix etta meaning "small". Or it may be a derivation of the Arab name Djarnet, or from Old French 'genete', from Spanish 'gineta'.

Early references appear around 1096 in Old English as Wasindone. The etymological origin is disputed and there are several proposed theories for how the name "Washington" came about. Early interpretations included Wasindone (people of the hill by the stream, 1096), or Wassyngtona (settlement of Wassa's people, 1183).

Etymologiae (Latin for "The Etymologies"), also known as the Origines ("Origins") and usually abbreviated Orig., is an etymological encyclopedia compiled by Isidore of Seville (c. 560–636) towards the end of his life. Isidore was encouraged to write the book by his friend Braulio, Bishop of Saragossa.

Tezel, Aziz (2003). Comparative Etymological Studies in the Western Neo-Syriac (Ṭūrōyo) Lexicon: with special reference to homonyms, related words and borrowings with cultural signification. Uppsala Universitet. . Being stateless, Assyrians are typically multilingual, speaking both their native language and learning those of the societies they reside in.

Bahn, Eugene, and Margaret L. Bahn. A History of Oral Interpretation. Minneapolis, MN: Burgess, 1979, p.7 The etymological meaning is interesting because it is an exact metaphor for what oral narrative poets do: they stitch together formulas, lines and type-scenes in the course of performance.

418, reply by F. C. Birkbeck TerryColes, 1676 It was also repeated by Nathan Bailey in his influential 1721 An Universal Etymological English Dictionary.Notes and Queries, 1881, p. 29, query by James HooperBailey, 1721 While honorificabilitudinitatibus was not included in Samuel Johnson's famous dictionary,Johnson, 1755, p.

The text is as though paraphrased in a commentary where all data, cosmological, physical, philosophical, theological, geographical, etc., are found. There are numerous inaccuracies and fables. The work consists of twenty books, and often small "additions" supply geographical or etymological appendices at the end of the chapters.

Oleksa Horbach's 1951 study of argots analyzed sources (argots of professionals, thugs, prisoners, homeless, school children, etc.) with special attention to an etymological analysis of argots, ways of word formation and borrowing depending on the source-language (Church Slavonic, Russian, Czech, Polish, Romani, Greek, Romanian, Hungarian, German).

Den Store Danske Encyklopædi, article Gefion However, since modern maps show a similarity between Zealand and the Swedish lake Vänern, it is sometimes identified as the hole left by Gefjun. Gefjun is queen of King Skjöldr, eponymous ancestor of the Scyldings, related to the etymological debate.

Fowler 2013, p. 11; West 1997, pp. 146-147. while R. S. P. Beekes has suggested a loanword from the Aegean Pre-Greek non-Indo-European substrate.Fowler 2013, p. 11 n. 34; Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek s.v. Nevertheless, Michael Janda sees possible Indo-European connections.

It reproduces ancient documents, such as the Laws of King Ina. The views derived from Strabo and the work of John Twyne. Sammes gave etymological reasons connecting Phoenician with Welsh, but did not accept the descent of the Cymry from Gomer.Herman L. J. Vanstiphout, Wout Jac.

He had written fifteen books. His books on Gujarati language include Gujarati Bhashano Itihas (1866), Utsargmala (1870), Gurjar Bhasha Prakash (1892). His Utsargama is a pioneer work in philology of Gujarati. He also compiled, with J. V. S. Taylor, Dhatusangraha (1870), an etymological dictionary of Gujarati roots.

Epher ( ‘Êp̄er) was a grandson of Abraham, according to Gen. 25:4, whose descendants, Jewish historian Flavius Josephus claimed, had invaded Libya. Josephus also claimed that Epher's name was the etymological root of the continent Africa. According to the Bible, he was a son of Midian.

Teachings of the Book of Mormon, Semester 1, p.216. Covenant Communications (2004). Jonathan Curci suggested that the word means "the direction of the Lord".Jonathan Curci, "Liahona: 'The Direction of the Lord': An Etymological Explanation", Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 16(2) (2007): 60–67.

In Middle English (used roughly between the 12th and the late 15th century) the verb "to account" had the form accounten, which was derived from the Old French word aconter,Baladouni, Vahé. 1984. “Etymological Observations on Some Accounting Terms.” The Accounting Historians Journal 11 (2): 101–109.

Austrocylindropuntia subulata is a species of cactus native to the Peruvian Andes. The name subulata comes from the Latin subulate, for awl-like, referring to the shape of the rudimentary leaves.Urs Eggli, Leonard E. Newton: Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 2010, , S. 233.

In Greek mythology, Iapetus () (also Japetus ( Iapetos))Of uncertain etymology; R. S. P. Beekes has suggested a pre-Greek origin (Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, pp. 573–4). was a Titan, the son of Uranus and GaiaHesiod, Theogony, 135.Diodorus Siculus. Bibliotheca historica, 5.66.3Clement of Alexandria.

His studies on linguistics in Zürich and Geneva and of Sanskrit in Leipzig and Berlin were followed by his doctorate in 1881 in Strasbourg. His dissertation was (Etymological Dictionary of the Sanskrit Language). 1882–84 working on Sanskrit-English Dictionary in Oxford.Monier-Williams: Sanskrit-English Dictionary.

Being a dictionary of the technical terms used by writers on medicine and the collateral sciences, in the Latin, English, French, and German languages. New York: D. Appleton and Company. to dilate, to spread out. Two possible explanations exist concerning the etymological derivation of this verb.

Calnan is a surname found in England and in Ireland with several origins.Source: An Etymological Dictionary of Family and Christian Names With an Essay on their Derivation and Import; Arthur, William, M.A.; New York, NY: Sheldon, Blake, Bleeker & CO., 1857. Originating from the Irish Gaelic O Cathalain.

Phillips, H. (1829). Flora Historica, p. 43. E. Lloyd & Son It is also said to be named after Saint William of York or after William the Conqueror. Another etymological derivation is that william is a corruption of the French oeillet, meaning both "carnation" and "little eye".

The etymological derivation is unknown. In the scholarship, it has been related to the personal name of White Croat Kloukas, one of the seven brothers and sisters who led the Croatian tribes during their migration to present-day Croatia according to De Administrando Imperio (10th century).

Isan, writes all words with Thai cognates as they exist in Thai, with clusters, special letters only found in obscure Sanskrit words and etymological principles that preserve silent letters and numerous exceptions to Thai pronunciation rules although a small handful of Isan words, with no known or very obscure Thai cognates, are spelled more or less the same as they are in Lao. Lao spelling in Laos was standardised in the opposite direction. Whilst previously written in a mixture of etymological and phonetical spellings, depending on audience or author, the language underwent several reforms that moved the language towards a purely phonetical spelling. During the restoration of the king of Louang Phabang as King of Laos under the last years of French rule in Laos, the government standardised the spelling of the Lao language, with movement towards a phonetical spelling with preservation of a semi-etymological spelling for Pali, Sanskrit and French loan words and the addition of archaic letters for words of Pali and Sanskrit origin concerning Indic culture and Buddhism.

English translation > by William Beloe, The Attic Nights of Aulus Gellius (London, 1795), vol. 3, > pp. 247–248 online. Despite the insistence on an etymological connection between the god's name and vagitus, Gronovius thought the correct form should be Vaticanus, and that Vagitanus was Vulgar Latin rather than classical.

Hermann Friedrich Teichmeyer Hermann Friedrich Teichmeyer (April 30, 1685 – February 5, 1746) was a German physician and botanist born in Hannoversch Münden. He was father-in-law to Albrecht von Haller (1708–1777). The botanical genus Teichmeyeria (Scop., 1777) is likely named after him, although etymological information is lacking.

This is the case for Baro according to and Ernest Nègre and Albert Dauzat.Albert Dauzat and Charles Rostaing, Etymological Dictionary of place names in France, Larousse, Paris, 1963 The name is homonymous with Barville, Normandy. The person's name is also found in Baromesnil, a commune of Upper Normandy.

"Anarchy" derives from the Greek anarkhos, meaning "without authority" (as opposed to "without government/state"). Hence the etymological definition of anarchism as the negation of an authority. But anarchism is generally not simply a negative stance on authority but also a positive stance about how society should be structured.

Within the second economy of the Soviet Union, shabashka () was semi-official seasonal work. The word ultimately derives from "shabbat" and literally means "work in free time".. A person engaged in shabashka is called a shabashnik ().Articles Шабашка, Шабашник, in etymological dictionary (Т.Ф. Ефремова Новый словарь русского языка.

1182 The etymological treatise Nirukta by Yaska mentions that Sarama derives her name from her quick movement. Mahidhara, a commentator of the Vajasaneyi Samhita, states that Sarama is "she who entertains (remante) the gods".Singh pp. 158–61 More broadly, Sarama has also come to mean any female dog.

"Adam" (אדם in Hebrew) literally means red, and there is an etymological connection between adam and admah, admah designating "red clay" or "red ground" in a non- theological context. The Village of Adma was named after its fertile and rich soil which was covered by vegetation before urbanisation.

Rust is named after the resulting phenomenon of the oxidation of iron. The word 'rust' finds its etymological origins in the Proto-Germanic word rusta, which translates to "redness." The word is closely related to the term "ruddy," which also refers to a reddish coloring in an object.

A. J. van Windekens,Windekens, in Glotta 36 (1958), pp. 309-11. offers "young cow, heifer", which is consonant with Hera's common epithet βοῶπις (boōpis, "cow-eyed"). R. S. P. Beekes has suggested a Pre-Greek origin.R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 524.

Plato and Aristotle, depicted here in The School of Athens, both developed philosophical arguments addressing the universe's apparent order (logos) Teleology (from and )Partridge, Eric. 1977. Origins: A Short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English. London: Routledge, p. 4187. or finalityDubray, Charles. 2020 [1912]. "Teleology." In The Catholic Encyclopedia 14.

After which, shouts of "Sogod, sogod!" (vernacular for "to begin") would reconvene the meeting. Thus the word "Sogod" became the name of the town. Although the name Sogod already existed before the 1600s, the Bancao account remains to be the accepted etymological origin of the name of the town.

Japan and Korea have historical contact that began in prehistory, and this has led to loan words between both Korea and Japan. Phonetic similarities have been used as rules to show an etymological connection, but the kinship is based on loan words rather than the Korean language itself.

Probably there is an etymological link with the nearby Getakärr, a medieval city that was a predecessor of Varberg. Possibly there is a link to the noun goat. In Norwegian, the word Geite, which means "goat", is sometimes used in names of rivers and skerries.Gustafsson 1988, p 13.

Early in the 19th century the publication of John Jamieson's Etymological Dictionary of the Scots Language was accompanied by a renewed interest in Scots among the middle and upper classes. In this period the absence of an official standard or socially acceptable norm led to further dialect divergence.

In Olav Jakobsen Høyem's version of based on , ð was always silent and was introduced for etymological reasons. Ð has also been used by some in written Welsh to represent , which is normally represented as dd.. is used in phonetic transcription. is used in the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet.

The etymology of gangrene derives from the Latin word gangraena and from the Greek gangraina (γάγγραινα), which means "putrefaction of tissues".Liddell & Scott's Lexicon, Oxford University Press, 1963 edition It has no etymological connection with the word green, despite the affected areas turning black, green, or yellowish brown.

The town was named after the nearby Aprelevka River. While the name is quite similar to the Russian word "" (April), it bears no etymological connection to it. Rather, it is derived from the word "", meaning a "damp place" or a "bog".. Г. П. Смолицкая. "Топонимический словарь Центральной России".

Pușcariu was also involved in the Romanian cultural and church life of Budapest, developing close friendships with community leaders and promoting the construction of a theater. He weighed in on the era's philological disputes, siding with Timotei Cipariu and George Bariț in his preference for an etymological-based orthography.

Before a consonant, the diphthong had started to become monophthongal in Attic as early as the 6th century BC, and pronounced like , probably as . From the late 4th century BC in Attic, the spurious diphthong (pseudo-diphthong) (now notating both etymological and etymological ) came to be pronounced like , probably as (with the quality that the digraph still has in modern Greek).. Diphthong had already merged with in the 5th century BC in regions such as Argos or in the 4th century BC in Corinth (e.g. ). It was also the case in Boeotia in the early 4th century BC (Allen, op. cit., page 74) Before a vowel, the diphthong did not follow the same evolution as pre-consonantal .

One theory to explain this difference is that pre-vocalic may have kept a diphthongal value until the 4th century BC, the being progressively perceived as a glide from to the next vowel.This perceived glide would explain why, in the 5th and 4th centuries BC in Attic, though there was no pre-vocalic that may have been confused with, was often written as ; indeed, while the confusion seems to have ceased after the 4th century BC, several etymological pre-vocalic remain in altered form in Koine Greek. Such a perceived glide may actually be even older, since in Homeric verses etymological pre-vocalic is often written either as a short or a long . Allen, op. cit.

Kovrizhki (diminutive of plural kovrigi) is translated as "loaves of bread" in this edition. Its ultimate etymological origin is uncertain. Covrigi are a popular snack food in urban areas of Romania and also as a holiday gift in rural areas. The city of Buzău is known in Romania for its covrigi.

Mícheál Ó Cléirigh was a Franciscan and head of the Four Masters. He compiled another famous glossary called ‘Sanasán Mhichíl Uí Chléirigh’ (Michael O’Clery's Glossary). This glossary was printed in 1643 during the author's lifetime. These two glossaries and others are valuable for the etymological and encyclopaedic information contained in them.

Pharos became > the etymological origin of the word "lighthouse" in Greek (φάρος), many > Romance languages such as French (phare), Italian and Spanish (faro), > Catalan, Romanian (far) and Portuguese (farol), and even some Slavic > languages like Bulgarian (far). In Turkish, Serbian and Russian, a derived > word means "headlight" (far; фар; фара).

This revelation has been confirmed by various etymological studies in the 20th century. The regionally used form Olza is derived from the ancient Oldza. German Olsa is a re-spelling of Olza but pronounced the same. Local people always used the Olza form, regardless of their national or ethnic origin.

Levine, Donald (1965). Wax & Gold. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. pp. 1–2. This theory is recounted by Tigrinya speaking people on the Ethiopian side of the border. Etymological and chronological evidences of the names “Tigray” or “Tigrayan” or "Tegaru" or "Tigrawot" are not yet available for the latter theory.

A number of cognate words developed, including Tuscia and Tusculanensis. Tusci was clearly the principal term used to designate things Etruscan. Etrusci and Etrūria were used less often, mainly by Cicero and Horace, and they lack cognates. According to the Online Etymological Dictionary, the English use of Etruscan dates from 1706.

Satya Narayan is honoured at the Saty Narayan Ji Temple (mandir) in Nabha, at the Rath Yatra Nabha, and as part of the Holi festival. The large chariots of Jagannath (another aspect of Vishnu) which are pulled during a Ratha-Yatra form the etymological origin of the English word juggernaut.

Normally is represented by , but it is represented by for etymological reasons in some words, such as , , , and . These words all contain a sequence derived from an original which was subsequently diphthongized. The sequence is normally spelled (e.g. ), but it is spelled in the words and (also written and pronounced or ).

Some sources say the English wordform comes from Old Irish cros.Online Etymology Dictionary by Douglas Harper Other sources say the English comes from Old French croisAn Etymological Dictionary of the English Language by Walter W. Skeat (1888) (900 pages). Downloadable at Archive.org. and others say it comes from Old Norse kross.

As noted by John Algeo in his book, Blavatsky's other statements about Senzar (including the above linkage to Sanskrit) create a number of puzzles, which make it difficult to take the etymological language family references literally, since some link to Egyptian sources, while yet others are still of other roots.

In 1967 he received his doctorate for his monograph on the history of the Indo-European word- formation. Otkupshchikov specialized in classical linguistics, Indo-European languages, Baltic and Slavic languages, and the etymological analysis. From 1971 to 1992, he headed the Department of Classical Philology of St. Petersburg State University.

McElroy denies that the novel is science fiction, unless "science" is used in its etymological sense of "knowing". The novel was reprinted as an e-book by Dzanc Books in 2014, with an introductory 2012 poem "A Green of its Own Breathing" by Sarah Grindley, dedicated to "Joe McElroy & Imp Plus".

It is from this fanciful etymological musing that Thomas Malory got the notion that Excalibur meant "cut steel"Vinaver, Eugene (ed.) The works of Sir Thomas Malory, Volume 3. Clarendon, 1990, p. 1301. ("the name of it,' said the lady, 'is Excalibur, that is as moche to say, as Cut stele").

Because neither nor were native phonemes in Latin, the Greek sound represented by came to be pronounced . The spelling retained the digraph for etymological reasons. This practice was then borrowed into German, French, Dutch and other languages, where still appears in originally Greek words, but is pronounced . See German orthography.

There are several etymological explanations behind the shami kebab. One explanation is that the name of the dish derives from the word shaam, which means "dinner" and "night" in Persian. It also means evening Urdu and Hindi. The name may also derive from the scent of an itr called shamama.

Stoddart returned to England in 1840. He studied etymological theory, which he believed would supplant that of Horne Tooke, and published the first part of the same, in a work named Glossology, or the Historical Relations of Languages, in 1858 in the Encyclopædia Metropolitana. He died at 13 Brompton Square, London.

The Etymological Dictionary of Bengali (in two volumes, 1971) is one of the largest works on historical etymology in any Indian language. Bangala Sahityer Itihas was also a monumental contribution. Rabindranath Tagore commended the book and wrote the preface. The English edition was published by the Sahitya Akademi in 1960.

The Slovene Hills dialect features different reflexes of long etymological o and jat based on former tonemic differences, newly accented e is open, and r > ar. Neuter nouns have undergone feminization or maculinization, and plural locative and instrumental endings are typically characterized by an a vowel (e.g., -ah instead of -ih).

Markiyan Shashkevych (1837), Rusalka Dnistrovaya (Mermaid of the Dniester), p V. In this book, is used mostly for etymological [l] transformed to [w]. Modern Ukrainian spelling uses ([v]) in that position. For Belarusian, the combination of the Cyrillic letter U with a breve was proposed by P.A. Bessonov in 1870.

In 1995 the Finnish linguist Jorma Koivulehto gave support for the theory of common etymological roots of the names Kainuu and Kvenland. He suggests a new etymology meaning roughly "marine gap-land", the "marine gap" being the northern sea-route on the Bothnian Gulf.Jorma Koivulehto. Ala-Satakunnan Kainu ja pohjoisen Kainuu.

Marie-Thérèse Morlet (Guise, Aisne, November 18, 1913 - July 9, 2005Obituary by Jacques Chaurand, Nouvelle Revue d'Onomastique 45-46, 2005, p. 237-8) was a French scholar (specialist in onomastics) and honorary director of research at CNRS. Her publications include Dictionnaire étymologique des noms de famille (Etymological Dictionary of Family Names).

G. W. Butterworth, LCL 92:44-5) mentions their cultic use. Another interesting etymological conundrum that may have some relevance here is the origin of the Arabic word for pyramid, haram ().Haram is "a word of doubtful origin" according to The Encyclopaedia of Islam, new ed. (Leiden, 1986), s.v. haram.

Negroid has both Spanish and Ancient Greek etymological roots. It literally translates as "black resemblance" from the Spanish word negro (black), and Greek οειδές -oeidēs, equivalent to -o- + είδες -eidēs "having the appearance of", derivative of είδος eîdos "appearance". The earliest recorded use of the term "Negroid" came in 1859.

The title Knyaz (князь) is a Slavic title found in most Slavic languages, denoting a royal nobility rank. It is usually translated into English as either Prince or less commonly as Duke. In Russia the title was originally a hereditary title for the patrilineal descendants of Rurik."князь". "Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary" online"knez".

The Sumerian female demons lili have no etymological relation to Akkadian lilu, "evening".Michael C. Astour Hellenosemitica: an ethnic and cultural study in west Semitic impact on Mycenaean. Greece 1965 Brill p 138. Archibald Sayce (1882)Sayce (1887) considered that Hebrew lilit (or lilith) and the earlier Akkadian līlītu are from proto-Semitic.

7): "Usually translated as 'Chaos'; but that suggests to us, misleadingly, a jumble of disordered matter, whereas Hesiod's term indicates instead a gap or opening". from the verb kháskō (), 'gape, be wide open', from Proto-Indo-European ',R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, pp. 1614 and 1616–7.

Hemkosh (, ) is the first etymological dictionary of the Assamese language based on Sanskrit spellings, compiled by Hemchandra Barua. It was first published in the early 20th century under the supervision of Capt. P. R. Gordon, ISC and Hemchandra Goswami, 33 years after the publication of Bronson's dictionary. It contained about 22,346 words.

At one point, the passable waters were a mere wide. The name of the Copenhagen street Kattesundet has a comparable etymological meaning, namely "narrow passage". An archaic name for both the Skagerrak and Kattegat was the Norwegian Sea or Jutland Sea (Knýtlinga saga mentions the name Jótlandshaf). Its ancient Latin name was '.

A loanword (also loan word or loan-word) is a word adopted from one language (the donor language) and incorporated into another language without translation. This is in contrast to cognates, which are words in two or more languages that are similar because they share an etymological origin, and calques, which involve translation.

Cited in Nikolas Kompridis, Critique and Disclosure: > Critical Theory between Past and Future, (Boston: MIT Press, 2006), p. 188. Heidegger gave an etymological analysis of aletheia and drew out an understanding of the term as 'unconcealedness'.Heidegger, M. "Parmenides". Translated by Andre Schuwer and Richard Rojcewicz, Bloomington and Indianapolis, Indiana University Press, 1992.

The name of the area is attested as Baron in 1138Ernest Nègre, General Toponymy of France, Librairie Droz, 1990, Vol II, 676 pages, p. 829, . and Baro in the 14th century.Albert Dauzat and Charles Rostaing, Etymological Dictionary of place names in France, Larousse, Paris, 1963 The origin of this place name is uncertain.

Weapons such as the halberd, bardiche, and Danish axe are sometimes mistakenly called pollaxes as they are indeed axes mounted on poles, but many etymological authorities consider the poll- prefix historically unrelated to "pole", instead meaning "head".The Oxford English Dictionary gives the following etymology, s.v. Poleaxe: :[ME. pollax, polax, Sc. powax = MDu.

The rock fortress complex of Yapahuwa is situated in the North Western Province, Sri Lanka. It is approximately between southeast of Mahawa midway Kurunegala and Anuradhapura. The original name of this Buddhist Heritage is Yapawwa, but now this is called as Yapahuwa which is a kind of distortion of its genuine etymological sense.

This etymological topic deals with the origin, regeneration and evolution of various names by which Ayyavazhi is referred or identified throughout the period of Ayyavazhi history. Though the name 'Ayyavazhi' is commonly used and the most accepted term to represent Ayyavazhi there are other terms too which are used to refer it.

Howe, when derived from the , means hill, knoll, or mound and may refer to a tumulus, or barrow.Kenneth Cameron, (1963), English Place-names, p. 117. Taylor & Francis However when derived from , it can refer to a hollow or dell.Eric Partridge, (1977), Origins: A Short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English, p. 1370. Routledge.

A burdei or bordei (, )"бурдей" in Etymolohichnyĭ Slovnyk Ukraïns′koï Movy (Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language), O.S. Mel′nychuk, Vol. 1, 1982. is a type of half-dugout shelter, somewhat between a sod house and a log cabin. This style is native to the Carpathian Mountains and forest steppes of eastern Europe.

Oresteia, Loeb edition by Alan Sommerstein, introduction, p. x, 2008. Aeschylus, in certain wordplays on her name, appears to assume an etymological link with the verb mḗdomai (, "scheme, contrive"). Thus given the derivation from κλῠτός (klutós "celebrated") and μήδομαι (mḗdomai "to plan, be cunning"), this would result in the quite descriptive "famous plotter".

A popular etymological theory considers the term "guru" to be based on the syllables gu () and ru (), which it claims stands for darkness and "light that dispels it", respectively. The guru is seen as the one who "dispels the darkness of ignorance."Krishnamurti, J. The Awakening of Intelligence. (1987) p.139. HarperCollins.

Its name Huarte came from the expression in the Basque language ur arte ('between waters'). In modern Basque, the word uharte or ugarte with shares the same etymological origin. Its most common meaning is that of 'island'. But it can also mean between waters, Entrambasaguas, a place located between two confluent rivers.

The etymological origin of the name Rampenloch has not been conclusively clarified. One theory is the root word is a dialect term for tripe or chitterlings from cattle, indicating that in the 15th century the site was a local garbage heap or knackers yard. There is a similarly named Rampendahl in Lemgo.

Don Carlin Gunawardena (1899-1979) was a Sri Lankan botanist, Emeritus Professor of Botany, and Head of the Department of Science at Vidyodaya University, Ceylon (later renamed as University of Sri Jayewardenepura). He was known for his etymological and historical accounts of Sri Lankan flora and fauna and other works on tropical taxonomy.

The word "epiphany" descends from the ancient Greek ἐπῐφᾰ́νειᾰ (epipháneia), meaning a "manifestation or appearance." The word is built from the Greek words "pha" (to shine), "phanein" (to show, to cause to shine), and "epiphanein" (to manifest, to bring to light).Skeat, Rev. Walter W. An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language.

Corrie is a unisex surname in the English language. The name has several different etymological origins. The name is found in numbers in the north of Ireland. The surname has been borne by a noted Scottish family, that was originally seated in what is today the civil parish of Hutton and Corrie.

The coast is approximately half of that of the large bay. The gulf has several alternative names dating to antiquity and to an etymological association with onshore winds and sandbanks making navigation difficult, including Lesser Syrtis (see Gulf of Sidra which takes in also the mainly Libyan portion of the continental gulf).

The Afrikaans etymological dictionary claims that the probable origin is the Malayan word boemboe, meaning curry spices.Etimologiewoordeboek van Afrikaans, WAT, 2003, p. 58. Others think it to have originated from bobotok, an Indonesian dish which consisted of totally different ingredients.Smit, S., and Fulton, M. (1983) The South African Encyclopedia of Food and Cookery.

In such cases, depending on the space available, an etymological dictionary will present various suggestions and perhaps make a judgement on their likelihood, and provide references to a full discussion in specialist literature. The tradition of compiling "derivations" of words is pre-modern, found for example in Indian (nirukta), Arabic (al-ištiqāq) and also in Western tradition (in works such as the Etymologicum Magnum). Etymological dictionaries in the modern sense, however, appear only in the late 18th century (with 17th-century predecessors such as Vossius' 1662 Etymologicum linguae Latinae or Stephen Skinner's 1671 Etymologicon Linguae Anglicanae), with the understanding of sound laws and language change and their production was an important task of the "golden age of philology" in the 19th century.

The Sanskrit word saṃskāra (संस्कार) has various context-driven meanings that broadly refer to "the putting together, accomplishing well, making perfect, a form of solemn recognition and getting ready" and "mental impression, recollection".saMskAra Monier-Williams' Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon, Germany The first context is at the etymological foundation of Sanskara term for rites of passage, while it is the second context, as a form of disposition, impression or behavioral inclination, that is at the etymological root of Sanskara word as a psychological concept in Indian philosophies. The concept of Samskara is also discussed as Vasana (Sanskrit: वासना vāsanā), particularly in the Vaiśeṣika school of Hinduism. Vasana also means "impression, inclination of anything remaining unconsciously in the mind".

The Coccagee (from the Irish cac a' gheidh, "dung of the goose"),Weekley, E. (ed) An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English, p.321 also spelt 'Cackagee' or 'Cockagee' and sometimes known as the 'Irish Crab' or 'Lord Cork's Crab', is or was a variety of cider apple, known in Ireland and the West of England.

The word comes from the Ancient Greek σπάω spao "to draw out" and ἀγείρω ageiro "to gather".John Craig, A New Universal Etymological, Technological and Pronouncing Dictionary of the English Language, Volume 2. London: G H Collins, 1849, p. 730Alexander Reid, A Dictionary of the English Language, New York: D Appleton & Co., 1845, pp.

For every Proto-Slavic reconstruction an etymology is given, as well as the history of etymological research. Reflexes in all Slavic languages are listed, and so are the cognates in other Indo-European languages. Proto- Slavic accent and accentual paradigm is not reconstructed. Elements of Proto- Slavic morphology (affixes, desinences) are also not reconstructed.

Thomas Allen, 2004. In The Power of Myth, with Bill Moyers, ed. Betty Sue Flowers, New York, Anchor Books, 1991. Newer research shows that in the ancient and medieval world, the etymological Latin root religio was understood as an individual virtue of worship in mundane contexts; never as doctrine, practice, or actual source of knowledge.

Skinner left behind him some philological treatises in manuscript, and they were edited by Thomas Henshaw and published in London in 1671, under the title of Etymologicon Linguæ Anglicanæ.1671 Etymologicon Linguae Anglicanae: Seu Explicatio Vocum Anglicarum Etymologica Ex Proprils Fontibus Scil. Ex Linguis Duodecim. This work was the first important etymological dictionary of English.

Oxford University Press, New Delhi. Earlier, tight fitting churidar-like pants worn in India were referred to by the British as Moghul breeches, long-drawers, or mosquito drawers.Yule, Henry and A. C. Burnell. 1903. Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases, and of Kindred Terms, Etymological, Historical, Geographical and Discursive.

In 1851, the supporters of Bernolák and Štúr made a compromise and agreed on the reform of the Štúr's standard. The new standard respected etymological principles instead of Štúr's phonetic- phonological transcription and used a Slovak orthography closer to other Slavic languages, especially Czech. The new grammar was published by Martin Hattala in 1852.

Additional etymological conjecture not necessarily premised on modern scientific linguistics include George Henderson, Survivals in Belief among the Celts (1911), p. 46; Charles Godfrey Leland, Etruscan Roman Remains in Popular Tradition pp. 126–129, with amusing anecdotes. The Breton word duz, a type of fairy, goblin, or changeling, is derived by many scholars from dusios.

The surname Dove is also sometimes an Anglicised form of the Scottish Gaelic MacCalmáin. The surname Dove is also sometimes a variant spelling of the surname Duff (a surname of multiple etymological origins). The surname Dove is also sometimes derived from the Middle Low German dōf, and originated as a nickname for a deaf man.

Eventually Middle Iranian 'Aturpatakan' became 'Azerbaijan', whence, according to one etymological theory, the modern nation of Azerbaijan and the Iranian province of Azerbaijan (which province is largely contiguous with the borders of ancient Atropatene) got their names; another theory traces the etymology from the ancient Persian words "Āzar" (), meaning Fire, and "Pāyegān" () meaning Guardian/Protector.

Questionnaire de dialectologie du Maghreb (d'après les travaux de W. Marçais, M. Cohen, GS Colin, J. Cantineau, D. Cohen, Ph. Marçais, S. Lévy, etc.). Estudios de dialectología norteafricana y andalusí, EDNA, (5), 73-90. This also explains why Judeo-Tunisian words are generally less removed from their etymological origin than Tunisian words.Aslanov, C. (2016).

The village (Haakon's villageTaylor, Isaac; Words and places: or, Etymological illustrations of history, ethnology...) has also been known as Hacconby. Haconby's chapel is the smallest gallery seated chapel in the country. The village church is dedicated to St Andrew. On 27 February 2008 the parish church spire was damaged by the 2008 Lincolnshire earthquake.

The word kantha has no discernible etymological root. The exact time of origin of the word kantha is not accurately known but it probably had a precursor in kheta (khet Bengali means "field"). According to Niaz Zaman, the word kantha originated from the Sanskrit word kontha, which means rags, as kantha is made of rags.

Thomas Burrow (; 29 June 1909 - 8 June 1986) was an Indologist and the Boden Professor of Sanskrit at the University of Oxford from 1944 to 1976; he was also a fellow of Balliol College, Oxford during this time. His work includes A Dravidian Etymological Dictionary, The Problem of Shwa in Sanskrit and The Sanskrit Language.

William Pulleyn (1830) The etymological compendium, or, Portfolio of origins and inventions. T. Tegg. p. 139 Ovid in his Tristia is more specific, putting the sport in the same category with horsemanship, javelin throwing and weapon practice: "Usus equi nunc est, levibus nunc luditur armis, Nunc pila, nunc celeri volvitur orbe trochus."Harris, p.

The bazas,Etymological note: the common name "baza" is derived from baaz, the Hindi name for the northern goshawk, (Accipiter gentilis). Baaz has its origins in Arabic. Aviceda, are a genus of bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. The genus has a widespread distribution from Australia to southern Asia and across to Africa.

The most generally accepted etymology of the Latin word aborigines is that it derives from ', according to which they were the original inhabitants of the country, although Cato regarded them as Hellenic immigrants, not as a native Italian people.Marcus Porcius Cato. Origines, 5.6.7. Other etymological explanations suggested are ', meaning "tree-born," and ', meaning "nomads".

Here, for this deed Monodar receives the nickname "Mac Cécht", explained as mac écht 'son of slaughter'. He appears to have become one of Conchobar mac Nessa's champions. The etymological derivation is recalled in the late Middle Irish tract Cóir Anmann ("The Fitness of Names"), item 158: :Maccecht .i. mac dorighne écht n-annsom .i.

Friedrich Christian Diez Friedrich Christian Diez (15 March 179429 May 1876) was a German philologist. The two works on which his fame rests are the Grammar of the Romance Languages (published 1836-1844), and the Etymological Dictionary of the Romance Languages (1853, and later editions). He spent most of his career at University of Bonn.

The Oxford Etymological Dictionary of the English Language of 1882 defined gender as kind, breed, sex, derived from the Latin ablative case of genus, like genere natus, which refers to birth. The first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary (OED1, Volume 4, 1900) notes the original meaning of gender as "kind" had already become obsolete.

Only Chongwenmen had bells announcing the closure of the gates at the end of the day. The other gates used a flat instrument that produced a "tang" sound. Thus arose the saying that of "nine gates, eight tangs, one old bell". This story is a possible etymological origin of zhongdian to refer to the hour in the Beijing dialect.

Interregional and international communication is severely hampered by this. Most of these systems aim at representing the phonetic (allophonic) output rather than underlying (phonemic) representations, but trying to conserve many etymological spellings. Furthermore, many writers follow guidelines only roughly. This adds numerous idiosyncratic and often inconsistent ways of spelling to the already existing great orthographic diversity.

The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology is an etymological dictionary of the English language, published by Oxford University Press. The first editor of the dictionary was Charles Talbut Onions, who spent his last twenty years largely devoted to completing the first edition, published in 1966, which treated over 38,000 words and went to press just before his death.

The importance of this process in oceanography was first pointed out by Witte, in a 1902 publication (). The German origin of the term has caused some etymological confusion and disagreements as to the correct spelling of the term; for details, see the Wiktionary entry on cabelling. Oceanographers generally follow Stommel and refer to the process as "cabbeling".

Nathan Bailey (died 27 June 1742), was an English philologist and lexicographer. He was the author of several dictionaries, including his Universal Etymological Dictionary, which appeared in some 30 editions between 1721 and 1802. Bailey's Dictionarium Britannicum (1730 and 1736) was the primary resource mined by Samuel Johnson for his Dictionary of the English Language (1755).

Image of Beowulf Brewery's Beorma Beer Label Unlike the alternative suggestions, the name Beorma has been used to establish and promote links with the city of Birmingham on a number of occasions, evolving from an academic assumption about an etymological source into an established character, albeit mythical, which has come to symbolise Birmingham's Anglo-Saxon foundation.

The Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme (LIPP, "Lexicon of the Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems") is an etymological dictionary of the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) particles and pronouns, published in 2014. It consists of two volumes; number 1 containing an introduction, terminology, sound laws, adverbial endings, nominal suffixes, appendices, and indices, and number 2 containing the lexicon.

The quantities were much reduced and standardized compared to older works. It introduces new names for many of the medicines, with etymological explanations: they are either named after the main ingredient, after the main effect they have, or after the supposed inventor of them. Much of this information was taken from the Etymologiae by Isidore of Seville.

In 1549, Donald Monro, "Dean of the Isles" wrote, in brief reference to Easdale, of an island "namit in the Erische Leid Ellan Eisdcalfe"Monro (1549) "Eisdcalfe" No. 36. Translation from Scots: "named in the Gaelic language Eilean Eisdcalfe".Gillies (1909) p. 154 However the derivation of "Eisdcalfe" and this word's etymological relationship to "Easdale" is not clear.

Shoulder blade is colloquial name for this bone. Shoulder is cognate to German and Dutch equivalents Schulter and schouder. There are a few etymological explanations for shoulder. The first supposes that shoulder can be literally translated as that which shields or protects, as its possibly related to Icelandic skioldr, shield and skyla, to cover, to defend.

In 2000 he received the title of professor, and subsequently full professorship in 2002. He is the author of over 200 articles, five monographs and the Etymological Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language (Polish: Słownik etymologiczny języka litewskiego), as well as the editor of two conference proceedings. He received an honorary doctorate from the University of Vilnius.

In Yāska's time, nirukta "etymology" was in fact a school which gave information of formation of words, the etymological derivation of words. According to the nairuktas or "etymologists", all nouns are derived from a verbal root. Yāska defends this view and attributes it to Śākaṭāyana. While others believed that there are some words which are "Rudhi Words".

The word has the same etymological and historical roots as its Spanish cognate, hidalgo. Although algo generally means "something", in this expression the word specifically denotes "riches" or "wealth" and thus was originally synonymous with rico homem (literally, "a rich man").Corominas, Joan and José A Pascual (1981). "Hijo" in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, Vol.

The earliest form of the name is the Mycenaean Greek , e-re-u-ti-ja, written in the Linear B syllabic script. Ilithyia is the latinisation of '. The etymology of the name is uncertain. R. S. P. Beekes suggests a not Indo-European etymology,R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 383.

In historic times the gothi was a male politician and judge, i.e. a chieftain, but the word has the same etymological origins as the word "god," which is a strong sign that religious functions were connected to the title in pre-historic times. In pre-Christian times the gothi was thus both politician, jurist and religious expert.Steinsland (2005) p.

The etymological root of property is the Latin 'proprius'Online Etymology Dictionary. Etymonline.com. Retrieved on 2010-09-02. which refers to 'nature', 'quality', 'one's own', 'special characteristic', 'proper', 'intrinsic', 'inherent', 'regular', 'normal', 'genuine', 'thorough, complete, perfect' etc. The word property is value loaded and associated with the personal qualities of propriety and respectability, also implies questions relating to ownership.

Roman writers of the late Republic and early Empire offer various etymological and poetic speculations based on this trope, to explain certain features of Liber's cult.Barbette Stanley Spaeth, The Roman goddess Ceres, University of Texas Press, 1996, pp.8, 44.C.M.C. Green, "Varro's Three Theologies and their influence on the Fasti", in Geraldine Herbert-Brown, (ed).

The Turkish variant of "Aaliyah" is closer to "Aliye" not "Alya." Ayla can be seen to bear similarities in phonetics to the word aura. Aura has its etymological roots in Greek. The Greek words aer—meaning "mist" or "air"—and aura—meaning "breeze" or "breath"—came to be connected to the concept of the east wind and dawn radiance.

Birnen, Bohnen und Speck, Labskaus, and the are further examples for the stews of Hamburg of which the latter is a vegetable stew with root, green vegetables and dried fruit which rose to supraregional popularity due to the controversy if it has to be served with or without eel. However, the preparation without eel is considered folk-etymological.

Martin Hattala (1863) Martin Hattala (4 November 1821 in Trstená, Kingdom of Hungary (today Slovakia) – 11 December 1903 in Prague) was a Slovak pedagogue, Roman Catholic theologian and linguist. He is best known for his reform of the Štúr's Slovak language, so-called Hodža-Hattala reform, in which he introduced the etymological principle to the Slovak language.

The Latin of the work is sometimes vulgar and facile, other times cryptic and opaque, owing in part to Jerome's extremely difficult vocabulary of Graecisms and Latin/Greek compounds. (See Herren, 2001). Anagram games, and etymological 'jokes' (e.g. using the verb 'monstrare' followed by the noun 'monstrum', then the verb 'demonstrare') and other ludic elements are found throughout.

Etymological equivalents are in use in other languages, e.g., "Jude" in German, "judeu" in Portuguese, "jøde" in Danish and Norwegian, "judío" in Spanish, "jood" in Dutch, etc. In some languages, derivations of the word "Hebrew" are also in use to describe a Jew, e.g., Ebreo in Italian and Spanish, Ebri/Ebrani () in Persian and Еврей, Yevrey in Russian.

To the north lie the settlements of Neenton and Neen Savage, and to the southwest lies the small village of Neen Sollars. "Neen" was the name of the River Rea in the past.Raven, Michael (2005) A Guide to Shropshire p 144 Further to the north lies Cleobury North, a small village with the same etymological root.

Heidelberg, 1953–1958 (in German); Пирог (in Russian)Etymological dictionary of Ukrainian language (2003), vol 4. (in Ukrainian), Naukova Dumka, Kiev. (4) The Russian plural pirogi with the stress on the last syllable should not be confused with pierogi (stress on "o" in Polish and English) in Polish cuisine, which are similar to the Russian pelmeni or Ukrainian varenyky.

Henry Harrison, Surnames of the United Kingdom: A Concise Etymological Dictionary vol. 1 (1912), p. 184. One suggestionFerdinand Holthausen, Vergleichendes und Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altwestnordischen, 1948. is based on the "fool" or "trickster" interpretation of the name, composing the name from Old Norse ama "to vex, annoy, molest" and óðr "fierceness, madness" (also in the theonym Odin).

An etymological interpretation of the Penates would make them in origin tutelary deities of the storeroom, Latin penus, the innermost part of the house, where they guarded the household's food, wine, oil, and other supplies.Schutz, Women's Religious Activity, p. 123; Sarah Iles Johnston, Religions of the Ancient World (Harvard University Press, 2004), p. 435; Schilling, "The Penates," p. 138.

First known use was in 1774, adopted from Malay geko or gekok, imitative of its cry. ; Gibbon : long-armed apes of Southeast Asia. The English word 'gibbon' is said to be a reborrowing from French, and folk etymology (cf. Gibbon (surname))Skeat, Walter William (1910), “gibbon”, in An etymological dictionary of the English language, Oxford: Clarendon, page 778.

The mountain was originally named Strawberry Peak by surveyors. Over the years, the name "Madulce" was gradually adopted. The Board on Geographic Names originally believed that "madulce" was the Spanish word for "strawberry". Etymological work done by the United States Forest Service ascertained that the word is actually local farmhand slang for "strawberry", from the Catalan word "maduixa".

The toponym is derived from the Old English forst-hyll meaning "hill ridge". It has no etymological connection with forests. The Domesday Book records that in 1086 William the Conqueror's half-brother Odo, Bishop of Bayeux held Forest Hill. He had two manors, of which Roger d'Ivry held the larger and Ilbert de Lacy held the smaller.

It's a possibility that the phrase of bahala na was always pronounced bahalana from bharaNa but was spelled out in the Western alphabet to be two distinct, and Filipino words, i.e. bahala and na. “There are no found recorded etymological connections or citations of a direct relationship between the Sanskrit bharaNa and the Philippine bahala na.

Hermae were so called either because the head of Hermes was most common or from their etymological connection with the Greek word (blocks of stone), which originally had no reference to Hermes at all. The form originated in ancient Greece, and was adopted by the Romans, and revived at the Renaissance in the form of term figures and atlantes.

'heavy (materially)'. Some of the "classicizing" forms are easily explained as recent loans from the literary language (such as 'law') or from sedentary dialects in case of concepts pertaining to the sedentary way of life (such as 'scissors' above). For others, there is no obvious explanation (like 'to be sick'). Etymological appears constantly as , never as .

Still, realisations like and as well as and are possible, although less common. As in most Maghrebi Arabic dialects, etymological short vowels are generally dropped in open syllables (except for the feminine noun ending ): > 'you (f. sg.) write', > > 'he wrote'. In the remaining closed syllables dialectal /a/ generally corresponds to classical , while classical and have merged into .

204) Others regard the "ante-ilha" etymology as unsatisfactory, on the basis that "ante", in geographical usage, suggests it sits opposite another island, not a continent.This objection was already articulated by Vicenzio Formaleoni (1783: p.27-28), one of the first to draw scholarly attention to Antillia. As a result, alternative etymological theories of Antillia abound.

Connections have been proposed between the 1st century figure of Tuisto and the hermaphroditic primeval being Ymir in later Norse mythology, attested in 13th century sources, based upon etymological and functional similarity.Simek (1995:432). Meyer (1907) sees the connection as so strong, that he considers the two to be identical.Meyer (1907): referenced in North (1997:269).

Diyungbra (IPA: Di-yung-bra [Diyung means Big river and bra means branch], etymological, River mouth of Diyung ; place where river Diyung and Kopili meets) is a newly created Sub-Division and an ITD Block in Dima Hasao district in the Indian state of Assam. Diyungbra is also one of the three sub-divisions of Dima Hasao District.

In the ISO romanization of Korean, it is used for the fortis sound , otherwise spelled (e.g. ggakdugi). In Hadza it is ejective . In Italian, before a front vowel represents a geminated , as in legge . In Piedmontese and Lombard, is an etymological spelling representing an at the end of a word which is the unvoicing of an ancient .

Apart from the definition above, the term also comes from the Sanskrit words rasa and lila, with rasa meaning "juice", "nectar", "emotion" or "sweet taste" and lila meaning "act". By taking this etymological breakdown of the word literally, "Rasa Lila" means the "sweet act" (of Krishna). It is often freely rendered as "the dance of love".

Standard Basque requires it in writing but allows a silent pronunciation. Opponents complained that many speakers would have to relearn their vocabulary by rote. Federico Krutwig also promoted the creation of an alternative literary dialect, this time based on the Renaissance Labourdine used by Joanes Leizarraga the first translator of the Protestant Bible. It also featured an etymological spelling.

Only texts addressed and meant for the common folk were written in Lithuanian. Akelaitis' Lithuanian texts were written mostly in the Western Aukštaitian dialect and attempted to use correct language, avoid various loan words, use lively descriptions from everyday speech. He tended to use etymological and not phonetic spelling. To avoid loan words, he created Lithuanian terminology.

Caldwell coined the term "Dravidian" for this family of languages, based on the usage of the Sanskrit word द्रविदा (Dravidā) in the work Tantravārttika by . In his own words, Caldwell says, The 1961 publication of the Dravidian Etymological Dictionary by T. Burrow and M. B. Emeneau proved a notable event in the study of Dravidian linguistics.

Yevhen ( ) is a common Ukrainian given name. Its Old Church Slavonic form Евгении came from the Greek (masculine form), names derived from the Greek adjective , literally "well-born"."Євген" in Etymolohichnyĭ Slovnyk Ukraïns′koï Movy (Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language), O.S. Mel′nychuk, 1982–2006. Yevhen is the Ukrainian equivalent of the English given name Eugene.

The word veld () comes from the Afrikaans word for "field". The etymological origin is older modern Dutch veldt, a spelling that the Dutch abandoned in favour of veld during the 19th century,Winkel, Lammert Allard te. De grondbeginselen der Nederlandsche spelling: Regelen der spelling voor het Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal. Publisher: D. Noothoven van Goor, 1873.

Other contenders for the etymological root of 'Silat' include the 'Orang Selat' (an indigenous Malay people of Singapore), and selat as in Selat Melaka (the Straits of Malacca). English- language publications are sometimes mistakenly refer to Silat Melayu as bersilat but this is actually a verb form of the noun Silat, literally meaning "to perform Silat".

There has been uncertainty on the Linux kernel mailing list about the reason for the "i" in "inode". In 2002, the question was brought to Unix pioneer Dennis Ritchie, who replied:Linux Kernel list archive. Retrieved on 2011-01-12. A 1978 paper by Ritchie and Ken Thompson bolsters the notion of "index" being the etymological origin of inodes.

It is mentioned in the Domesday Book. The York district was settled by Norwegian and Danish people, so parts of the place names could be old Norse. Referring to the etymological dictionary "Etymologisk ordbog", dealing with the common Danish and Norwegian languages – roots of words and the original meaning. The old Norse word Fos (waterfall) meaning impetuous.

Clifford, H.T. & Bostock, P.B. (2007) Etymological Dictionary of Grasses. Springer, Germany. Clayton proposed the name Rottboellia cochinchinensis as a new combination for the species named Rottboellia exaltata, now as synonym of R. cochinchinensis. Due to a mistake by Linnaeus the Younger and the strict laws of nomenclature, the widely used R. exaltata combination had to be controversially discarded.

Many Dutch loanwords were also introduced to Fering at that time and are still in use today.Faltings, Jan I., Föhrer Grönlandfahrt .... pp. 37–40. There are various interpretations concerning the origin of the name Föhr and its original Frisian name Feer. Current etymological studies suggest that Föhr and also Amrum have names rooted in maritime tradition.

Such a relationship intensely affects not only the context of aporia but its meaning as well: Ultimately, aporia cannot be separated from this etymological and cultural history. Such history provides insight into aporia's perplexing semantic qualities as well as into the historical context in which the word functions as an indicator of the limits of language in constructing knowledge.

The disputed etymological origins of the word geier have confounded ornithological usage of the term in poetry, literature, biblical scholarship, and English- language dictionary and encyclopedia entries, while spawning several literary and philological misunderstandings and controversies. The surname Geier also has different and somewhat inconsistent origins, traditions and meanings, and the heraldry associated with the surname likewise is confused.

1542Grolier Incorporated, Academic American Encyclopedia, vol.20, 1989, p.34 Their name derives from the verb from Chagatai language, yörü- "yörümek" (to walk), but Western Turkic yürü- (yürümek in infinitive), which means "to walk", with the word Yörük or Yürük designating "those who walk, walkers".Sir Gerard Clauson, An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth Century Turkish, Oxford 1972, p.

He took a keen interest in etymology, and his book is peppered throughout with footnotes explaining etymological points in fine detail. Among the anomalies of Strehlow's career was his refusal to personally attend ceremonies on the grounds that it was unfitting for a missionary, despite his intense interest in them and the detailed descriptions given in his book.

Owing to successive Spanish and American colonial administrations, much Tagalog profanity has its etymological roots in the profanity of European languages. Unlike in Western culture, where certain words are never acceptable in all but the most informal contexts, Tagalog profanity is context-sensitive: words which are considered profane or insulting in one context are often acceptable in another.

The etymological view supported by numerous noted scholars is that the name Afghan evidently derives from Sanskrit Aśvakan, q.v. the Assakenoi of Arrian.Arrian writes them Assakenoi. Strabo also calls them Assakanoi, but Curtius calls them Assacani. This view was propounded by scholars like Christian Lassen,Indische Alterthumskunde, Vol I, fn 6; also Vol II, p 129, et al.

In order to celebrate this discovery, he built a temple later named Dhakeswari. This explains the etymological meaning of "Dhakeswari", which means "covered or hidden deity". According to Bengali Hindus Dhakeswari is considered to be the presiding deity of Dhaka, which is an incarnation or form of Goddess Durga, the Adi Shakti. The idol of Durga is called Dhakeswari.

He served as the chancellor of the University of Zagreb from 1939 to 1943. During the period of the Independent State of Croatia he refused an offer to serve as the head of the Croatian State Office for Language and advocated a phonology-based orthography as opposed to the official etymological-morphological one (known as korienski 'root').

Plato in the Cratylus (395e) interprets Tantalos as ταλάντατος talantatos (acc. ταλάντατον in the original), "who has to bear much" from τάλας talas "wretched" (now the word talas is held to be inherited from Proto-Indo- European). R. S. P. Beekes rejects an Indo-European interpretation.R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 1449.

The Latin title dux (the etymological root of duke), which was phonetically rendered doux (δούξ) in Greek, was a common title for imperial generals in the Late Roman Empires (west and east), but note it was lower in rank than comes (the etymological root of Count). Under the latter, exclusively Byzantine theme system, the commander of a theme was often styled a doux instead of the earlier strategos from the 10th century on. The title of "Grand Duke" (megas doux) was created by Alexios I Komnenos and was conferred upon the commanding admiral of the Byzantine navy. As such, it was an actual office rather than a court rank (although it also became a grade in the court order of precedence under the Palaiologan emperors), and was always held by one individual.

The term Wicca appears to have developed within the Pagan Witchcraft community during the early 1960s, as increasing numbers of Pagan Witches learned of the Old English term wicca, the etymological origin of the Modern term witch. This etymological fact had been referred to five times in Gerald Gardner's book The Meaning of Witchcraft (1959), as well as in other early texts propagating Pagan Witchcraft, such as Doreen Valiente's Where Witchcraft Lives (1962) and Justine Glass' Witchcraft, The Sixth Sense – and Us (1965). None of these specifically referred to the Pagan Witchcraft religion as Wicca. The earliest known published reference for the word Wicca is within an advertisement published in a 1962 issue of Fate magazine; in this, a Cardiff-based group of Pagan Witches advertised a tradition as "Wicca–Dianic and Aradian".

The medieval spelling of Portuguese was mostly phonemic, but, from the Renaissance on, many authors who admired classical culture began to use an etymological orthography. In the early 20th century, however, spelling reforms in Portugal and Brazil reverted the orthography to phonemic principles. Later reforms (Brazil, 1943 and 1971; Portugal, 1945 and 1973) have aimed mainly at three goals: to eliminate the few remnants of redundant etymological spelling, to reduce the number of words marked with diacritics and hyphens, and to bring the Brazilian spelling standard and the Portuguese spelling standard (used in all the Portuguese speaking countries, except Brazil) closer to each other. The goal of unifying the spelling was finally achieved with a multi-lateral agreement in 1990, signed by every Portuguese- speaking country, but not ratified by Angola as of 2014.

A prominent example of the LRC using computers to prepare texts for print publication is the book by Winfred P. Lehmann, A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (Leiden: Brill, 1986). The final print-ready version was produced with the aid of a laser printer (exotic new technology, in those days) using, for the various languages included in the entries, approximately 500 special characters—many of them designed at the Center. This was the first major etymological dictionary for Indo-European languages to be produced with the aid of computers. Current LRC projects have concentrated on transcribing early Indo- European texts, developing language lessons based on them, and publishing on the web these and other materials related to the study of Indo-European languages, of their common ancestor Proto-Indo-European, and of historical linguistics more generally.

To the Aberdeen Magazine 1831–2, Ogilvie contributed, under the signature ‘Iota,’ ten ‘Imitations of Horace’ in Scottish dialect. In 1836 he worked for Blackie & Son's annotated edition of Thomas Stackhouse's History of the Bible. Messrs. Blackie engaged him in 1838 to revise and enlarge Webster's; he compiled the Imperial Dictionary (published 1847-1850) using Noah Webster's American Dictionary as its basis, expanding it greatly. The result appeared as the Imperial Dictionary, English, Technical, and Scientific, issued in parts from 1847 onwards, and published complete in 1850, and supplement 1855. In 1863 Ogilvie issued an abridgment of the ‘Dictionary,’ under the title ‘Comprehensive English Dictionary, Explanatory, Pronouncing, and Etymological,’ the pronunciation being supervised by Richard Cull. In 1865 appeared the ‘Students' English Dictionary, Etymological, Pronouncing, and Explanatory,’ in which etymology and definitions received special attention. A feature of all three dictionaries was their engravings, the ‘Imperial’ claiming to be the first after Nathaniel Bailey's to use pictorial illustrations. Ogilvie's last work was a condensation of the ‘Students' Dictionary,’ entitled ‘English Dictionary, Etymological, Pronouncing, and Explanatory, for the use of Schools,’ 1867. At his death he was revising the ‘Imperial Dictionary,’ which was reissued in 1882–3, under the editorship of Charles Annandale.

It narrates that this region was an ancient settlement of aborigines including Nagar, Thumilar or Iyakkar and Vedar.F.X.C.Nadaraja (1962) "Mattakkalappu Manmiyam"S.E.Kamalanathan, Kamala Kamalanathan (2005) "Mattakkalappu Purva Charithiram" Etymological researches on some places such as "Nagamunai",Nirmala Ramachandran (2004) "The Hindu Legacy to Sri Lanka" p.103 and "Mantunagan Saalai" (present Mandur) indicated their association with Naga tribe of ancient Sri Lanka.

The name "Butuan" is believed to have originated from the sour fruit locally called batuan. Other etymological sources say that it comes from a certain Datu Buntuan, a chieftain who once ruled over areas of the present- day city. According to Datu Makalipay, Butuan was named after the wife of Datu Balansag who was the tiniente de barangay of the area before.

Kimhi is known primarily for his biblical commentaries on the books of the Prophets. He also wrote commentaries on the books of Genesis, Psalms, and Chronicles. His biblical work mirrors his grammarian work, and focuses on issues of language and form as well as upon content. He explains words on the basis of their grammatical construction and their etymological development.

The sword's name is a shortening of the word "pang-tabas", which means "chopping tool". As such, its etymological origins are the root word tabas ("to chop off") and the prefix pang ("used for"). The panabas is one of many bladed weapons portrayed in the "Weapons of Moroland" plaque that has become a common souvenir item and pop culture icon in the Philippines.

Forbes is a surname. It derives from the Scottish Clan Forbes (after a toponym, from Gaelic forba "field"Henry Harrison, Surnames of the United Kingdom: A Concise Etymological Dictionary (1912), p. 150.). Descendants of the Scottish clan have also been present in Ireland since the 17th century. The name of an unrelated Irish sept, Mac Fhirbhisigh or MacFirbis, was also anglicised as Forbes.

This is especially so when considering it was added to a word "with no etymological or morphological reason for having an iota adscript" (p. 210) and was written by "the well-educated, native Greek-speaking, queen of Egypt" Cleopatra VII (p. 208). this is likely the autograph of the queen, as it was Ptolemaic practice to countersign documents to avoid forgery.

Syllabification is the separation of a word into syllables, whether spoken or written. In most languages, the actually spoken syllables are the basis of syllabification in writing too. Due to the very weak correspondence between sounds and letters in the spelling of modern English, for example, written syllabification in English has to be based mostly on etymological i.e. morphological instead of phonetic principles.

The name Atheniella is an allusion to Athena because of the combination of beautiful coloration armed with the shield or spear-like stature of the mycenoid fruit bodies and also a play on the etymological link between Mycenaean culture and the ancient origins of the generic name Mycena, and of Athena alluding to the older classification of Atheniella species in the genus Mycena.

The word Amia was cited in the letters of Tell el Amarna, which were sent in the 14th century B.C. by local governors to their overlords, the pharaohs of Egypt. In his etymological study of the names of Lebanon's towns and villages, historian Anis Freiha asserted that Amia is in turn derived from the Semitic word emun, meaning "invincible fort".

The exuberant and conflictive American vitality filled the hole that the European intellectual ambient could have left on him. Is from 1908 that Barret begins to self-define as anarchist in his famous pamphlet My Anarchism. > The etymological sense of "absence of government" is enough for me. We have > to destroy the spirit of authority and the prestige of the laws.

The Reverend George William Lemon (1726 - 4 October 1797) was the author of an early etymological dictionary of the English language, published in 1783. Lemon graduated from Queens' College, Cambridge, in 1748. He was Rector of Geytonthorpe, Vicar of East Walton, Norfolk from 1755, and master of Norwich School from 1769 to 1778. Lemon married Elizabeth Young (1735–1804) on 31 May 1760.

The best known exposition of Chinese character composition is the Shuowen Jiezi, compiled by Xu Shen around 120 AD. Since Xu Shen did not have access to Chinese characters in their earliest forms, his analysis cannot always be taken as authoritative. Nonetheless, no later work has supplanted the Shuowen Jiezi in terms of breadth, and it is still relevant to etymological research today.

In ancient Greek mythology, Acheron was known as the "river of woe", and was one of the five rivers of the Greek underworld. The word is of uncertain etymology.R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 182. In the Homeric poems, the Acheron was described as a river of Hades, into which Cocytus and Phlegethon both flowed.

An Universal Etymological English Dictionary was a dictionary compiled by Nathan Bailey (or Nathaniel Bailey) and first published in London in 1721. It was the most popular English dictionary of the eighteenth century. As an indicator of its popularity it reached its 20th edition in 1763The 20th edition of Bailey's Dictionary, dated 1763, is downloadable at Archive.org. and its 27th edition in 1794.

The probability of this is 1 in 10,518,300 (in short cards 1 in 134,596). The origin of the name is not clear, but it may a folk etymological analogy with Tout/Du. It is the only game which that does not have to be played out; the hand is simply placed on the table. It normally scores four times the basic game value.

An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English by Ernest Weekley (1921) (850 pages). Downloadable at Archive.org. ;drum (ridge), drumlin: (from drom/druim meaning "ridge") a ridge often separating two long narrow valleys; a long narrow ridge of drift or diluvial formation. Drumlin is a linguistic diminutive of drum, and it means a small rounded hill of glacial formation, often seen in series (OED).

Sue Hamilton, Identity and Experience. LUZAC Oriental, 1996, page 112. Citta is therefore closely related to volitions; this connection is also etymological, as citta comes from the same verbal root in Pali as the active terms meaning "to will".Sue Hamilton, Identity and Experience. LUZAC Oriental, 1996, page 112. Citta also reflects one's cognitive condition/progress.Sue Hamilton, Identity and Experience.

According to Turkish etymological dictionary Nişanyan Sözlük, Turkish pestil and Italian ' are cognates and pastillo might have derived from Italian '. The dictionary asserts that the relationship between pestil and French pastille is ambiguous. The oldest written record of the Turkish word is dated back to 1501 dictionary Câmiü'l-Fürs. According to Robert Dankoff Turkish word is loaned from Armenian langauge.

Modern Russian orthography. Russian orthography () is formally considered to encompass spelling () and punctuation (). Russian spelling, which is mostly phonemic in practice, is a mix of morphological and phonetic principles, with a few etymological or historic forms, and occasional grammatical differentiation. The punctuation, originally based on Byzantine Greek, was in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries reformulated on the French and German models.

In Greek mythology, Omphale (; Ancient Greek: Ὀμφάλη) was queen of the kingdom of Lydia in Asia Minor. Diodorus Siculus provides the first appearance of the Omphale theme in literature, though Aeschylus was aware of the episode.Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1024-25. The Greeks did not recognize her as a goddess: the undisputed etymological connection with omphalos, the world- navel, has never been made clear.

By Krister Östlund. Language & History (November 2010), 53 (2), pg. 127-137. Ihre's etymological dictionary of Swedish demonstrated the origin of words in Old Swedish forms and compared them to cognates in other languages. Ihre thought, in accordance with the historical speculations common at the time and derived from Icelandic sources, that the language had been brought to the Nordic countries by Odin.

Makara has been depicted typically as half mammal and half fish. Some traditional accounts identify it with a crocodile, specifically the Mugger because of its etymological roots. It is depicted with the forequarters of an elephant and the hindquarters as a fish tail. Crocodile was also a form which was used in the earlier days which was shown with human body.

The title is pronounced and written similarly in different European languages. In Serbo-Croatian and some West Slavic languages, the word has later come to denote "lord", and in Czech, Polish and Slovak also came to mean "priest" (, , ) as well as "duke" (, , , )."князь". "Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary" online In Sorbian it means simply "Mister" (from "Master". Compare French from "my lord").

He often grouped semantically similar but phonetically different words and attempted to find their true original form. While the conclusions are often incorrect, the notes are still valuable for their observational data. Jaunius studied the relationship between Indo- European languages and Finno-Ugric languages or Semitic. He left notes for Lithuanian–Estonian (446 words) and Lithuanian–Finnish (474 words) etymological dictionaries.

There is no etymological link between Brendan and Brenda. This feminine given name, pronounced , which cited: is thought to be derived from the Old Norse element brand, meaning "(flaming) sword". In most cases, the masculine given name Brandon, pronounced , which cited: is considered to be derived from the surname Brandon, which is in turn derived from two Old English elements.

The etymological origin corresponds here to an impossibility of transfer of energy as heat and of transfer of matter across the wall. The Greek word ἀδιάβατος is formed from privative ἀ- ("not") and διαβατός, "passable", in turn deriving from διά ("through"), and βαῖνειν ("to walk, go, come").Liddell, H.G., Scott, R. (1940). A Greek-English Lexicon, Clarendon Press, Oxford UK.

He advocated the use of etymological (morphophonological) orthography, as opposed to phonological orthography advocated by Vuk Stefanović Karadžić and his followers. Babukić abundantly exploited the existing literary traditions in various dialect for the Illyrian cause. As the first grammarian to realize Illyrian language conceptions, critics such as Vatroslav Jagić have called Babukić "The first grammarian of the Illyrian dialect". He died in Zagreb.

Thus while the standard pronunciation distinguishes ('whole') from ('goose'), as well as from , the two pairs are homophones for most speakers. The commonest practice is to drop the stop (thus , for both words), but some speakers insert the stop where it is not etymological (, for both words), or they alternate between the two ways. Only a few speakers retain a phonemic distinction.

Mayor is an English and Spanish-language surname with several etymological origins. The English-language name is sometimes a variant spelling of Mayer,. This webpage cited: . and thus derived from the Middle English and Old French mair, maire (in turn derived from the Latin maior, meaning "greater", "superior"); this surname originated from the title of a mayor.. This webpage cited: .

1, Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, 1970 The word ECHEN in Welsh as given by the Owen-Pughe etymological dictionary of 1832, which evolved from the native language of Britain at that time, means origin or source; a tribe or nation. The current Dictionary of the Welsh Language defines Echen as meaning stock, lineage, family, tribe, source, origin, nature.

The Mahanubhava sect made Marathi a vehicle for the propagation of religion and culture. Mahanubhava literature generally comprises works that describe the incarnations of gods, the history of the sect, commentaries on the Bhagavad Gita, poetical works narrating the stories of the life of Krishna and grammatical and etymological works that are deemed useful to explain the philosophy of sect.

Farquhar is a surname of Scottish origin, derived from the Scottish Gaelic fearchar, from fear ("man") and car ("beloved").Henry Harrison, Surnames of the United Kingdom: A Concise Etymological Dictionary (2013), p. 142. Farquharson is a further derivation of the name, meaning "son of Farquhar". The name originated as a given name, but had become established as a surname by the 14th century.

The personal name Amhalghaidh (also spelt Amhalghadh) is an old Gaelic name, and its etymological origin and meaning are uncertain. In other cases, the surnames are derived from the Scottish Gaelic MacAmhlaidh, or the Irish Mac Amhlaoibh., which cited: , for the surnames "McCawley" and "McCauley". These surnames translate into English as "son of Amhladh" or "son of Amhlaidh"; and "son of Amhlaoibh".

The alternative theory is that the name is derived from the Bulgarian word "владей" [vladey] which literary means own in imperative, the other alternative theory is that it is simply derived from villa. Etymological studies derive it from the genitive and accusative form of the Bulgarian personal name Vladay. The name of Vladaya was first attested in 1576 as Viladay or Vladay.

In all cases, œ is alphabetized as oe, rather than as a separate letter. When oe occurs in French without the ligature, it is pronounced , just like words spelt with oi. The most common words of this type are ' ("stove", "frying pan") and ' ("soft"). Note that poêle is itself an etymological spelling, with the ê reflecting its derivation from Latin '.

The word pelmeni is derived from pel'n'an' (пельнянь) – literally "ear bread" in the native Finno-Ugric Komi, Udmurt, and Mansi languages.Dal Dictionary Online derives the etymology of pel'men' from pel'=ear and nan'=bread in Komi and Mansi (Vogul) languages. This may be why pelmeni are called uszka ("ears") in Poland.Also in Max Vasmer's etymological dictionary of the Russian language.

24 (1992), pp275-291.L. Grabbe, Ethnic groups in Jerusalem, in Jerusalem in Ancient History and Tradition (Clark International, 2003) pp145-163.John Day, Yahweh and the gods and goddesses of Canaan, Sheffield Academic Press 2002, p180 The god Shalim may have been associated with dusk and the evening star in the etymological senses of a "completion" of the day, "sunset" and "peace".

The Samaritans, an ancient sect that has survived in small numbers to the present day, have their own rich interpretative tradition, as reflected in the Medieval Samaritan legal collection called the Hilukh, which shares etymological roots with the term Halakhah. However, the concept of a divinely ordained Oral Law having equal value with the written one is foreign to Samaritan theology.

In 1551, Gerardus Mercator, a Flemish cartographer, produced a celestial globe portraying the 48 traditional Ptolemaic constellations in addition to two others, Coma Berenices and Antinous. On this globe, he represents Cassiopeia as the Queen of Ethiopia, punished for her boasting by being chained to a chair hanging upside-down. α Cassiopeiae is found near her left breast, reflecting its Arabic etymological origin.

In the 16th and 17th centuries in Europe the forms alchimia and chimia (and chymia) were synonymous and interchangeable. The semantic distinction between a rational and practical science of chimia and an occult alchimia arose only in the early eighteenth century.William R. Newman and Lawrence M. Principe, "Alchemy vs. Chemistry: The Etymological Origins of a Historiographic Mistake," Early Science and Medicine, vol.

His major book was Gothic Etymological Studies (1949). His articles appeared in the Journals WORD, Language, Germanic Review, Armenian Digest, and foreign Linguistics journals. Fowkes was presidentOfficial site of ILA of the Linguistic Circle of New York, where he was one of the first members, along with Roman Jakobson and Morris Swadesh. The Circle later became the International Linguistic Association (ILA).

Then Môt burst forth into light and the heavens were created and the various elements found their stations. Following the etymological reasoning of Jacob Bryant in regard to the meaning of Môt, it can be noted that according to Ancient Egyptian mythology, Ma'at, wife of Thoth, is the personification of the fundamental order of the universe, without which all of creation would perish.

The title is now given to an officer in modern legislative bodies who is charged with keeping order during meetings and, if necessary, forcibly removing disruptive members. The term had also civilian applications quite distinct and different from the military sergeant, though sharing the etymological origin – for example the serjeant-at-law, historically an important and prestigious order of English lawyers.

The Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben (LIV, "Lexicon of the Indo-European Verbs") is an etymological dictionary of the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) verb. The first edition appeared in 1998, edited by Helmut Rix. A second edition followed in 2001. The book may be seen as an update to the verb entries of the Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (IEW) by Julius Pokorny.

Theosophy comes from the Greek ' (), which combines ' (θεός), "God"Liddell and Scott: Greek-English Lexicon and ' (), "wisdom". Its etymological meaning is thus "wisdom of God." The term theosophia appeared (in both Greek and Latin) in the works of early church fathers, as a synonym for theology: the theosophoi are "those knowing divine things". The term however acquired various other meanings throughout its history.

He was a leading authority of mosses, and also dealt with the systematics and phytogeography of flowering plants. As his career progressed, he focused more of his attention towards the classification of liverworts, in particular the family Lejeuneaceae. The plant specific terms herzogiana and herzogii bear his name;Google Books Etymological Dictionary of Grasses two examples being: Frullania herzogiana and Luteolejeunea herzogii.

The Visigothic legislation that resulted from these councils influenced the beginnings of representative government. His fame after his death was based on his Etymologiae, an etymological encyclopedia which assembled extracts of many books from classical antiquity that would have otherwise been lost. He also invented the period (full stop), comma, and colon.Florence Hazrat, A History of Puncutation, published on aeon.

Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 2.4, 5.2 The Roman account of continental invaders has been challenged in recent years with scientific studies favouring a gradual change through increased trade links rather than migration.Cunliffe, Barry W., Iron Age Communities in Britain, Fourth Edition: An Account of England, Scotland and Wales from the Seventh Century BC, Until the Roman Conquest, near Figure 1.4, 2012 (4th edition), Routledge, google preview, with no page numbersSheppard Frere, Britannia: a History of Roman Britain, third edition, Pimlico, 1987; John Creighton, Coins and power in Late Iron Age Britain, Cambridge University Press, 2000 To the Celtic Britons, the settlement was likely known as Wentā or Venta (from a common Celtic word meaning "tribal town" or "meeting place").Matasović, Ranko. "wentā" in the Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic at Indo-European Etymological Dictionaries Online.

Older Romanian etymological dictionaries tended to assume a borrowing in many cases, usually from a Slavic language or from Hungarian, but etymological analysis may show that, in many cases, the direction of borrowing was from Romanian to the neighboring languages. The current Dicţionar explicativ (the DEX) published by the Romanian Academy continues to list many words as borrowings, though the work of other linguists (Sorin Olteanu, Sorin Paliga, Ivan Duridanov, et al.) may indicate that a number of these are in fact indigenous, from local Indo-European languages. Though the substratum status of many Romanian words is not much disputed, their status as Dacian words is controversial, some more than others. There are no significant surviving written examples of the Dacian language, so it is difficult to verify in most cases whether a given Romanian word is actually from Dacian or not.

Smith's Bible Dictionary 1863 Easton's Bible Dictionary 1894 Nave's Topical Bible 1905 This page introduces a list of proper names from the Bible. Some of the names are given with a proposed etymological meaning. For further information on the names included on the list, the reader may consult the sources listed below in the References and External Links. Names play a variety of roles in the Bible.

Surnames of the United Kingdom: A Concise Etymological Dictionary. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1996. . Another opinion published in the 19th century is that Kneen is possibly a corruption of the surname Nevyn, and derived from the Gaelic Naomh meaning "a saint". This origin has been attributed to the name because Kneen had been thought to be confused in early documents with the surnames Nevyn and Nevyne.

Manfred Mayrhofer (26 September 1926 – 31 October 2011) was an Austrian Indo- Europeanist who specialized in Indo-Iranian languages. Mayrhofer served as professor emeritus at the University of Vienna. He is noted for his etymological dictionary of Sanskrit. Mayrhofer was born in Linz and studied Indo-European and Semitic linguistics and philosophy at the University of Graz, where he received his Ph.D. in 1949.

The etymological origins of the Touraine- Amboise appellation are relatively self-explanatory. It is made up of the name of the former province of Touraine (which derived its name from its Gallic inhabitants, the TuronesSelon certaines sources, l'oppidum d'Amboise pourrait même avoir été la cité d'origine des Turones), combined with the name of the town of Amboise, the most famous of the appellation's constituent communes.

The etymological origin of the word is unclear. There are theories about it being derived from Middle High German or Latin, or even from a Greek word brought back from the Crusades.Pehla (1974), pp. 203–242. A theory that is often stated in older texts, that the bergfried took its name from the phrase "weil er den Frieden berge" ("because it keeps the peace"), i.e.

Weißbier (German – "white beer") uses at least 50% wheat to barley malt to make a light coloured top-fermenting beer. Witbier (Dutch – "white beer") uses flavorings such as coriander and orange peel. Belgian white beers are often made with raw unmalted wheat. German Weißbier and Belgian witbier are termed "white beers" because "wheat" has the same etymological root as "white" in most West Germanic languages (including English).

An engraving showing the child Astyanax thrown from the walls of Troy as his mother Andromache looks on In Greek mythology, Astyanax (; Astyánax, "protector of the city")R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. . was the son of Hector, the crown prince of Troy, and his wife, Princess Andromache of Cilician Thebe."Astyanax". Oxford Classical Dictionary. Oxford, 1949, p. 101 (s.v. "Ἀνδρομάχη").

Autobiography of a Yoga, 1946, chapter 26.Sri H.W.L Poonja, 'The Truth is', Published by Samuel Weiser, 2000, Mandala Yoga Such external etymologies are not included in standard etymological reference works. The Hebrew word, as noted above, starts with aleph, while the Egyptian name begins with a yodh.Erman, Adolf & Grapow, Hermann: Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Im Auftrage der Deutschen Akademien, Berlin: Akademie Verlag (1971), p.

The French Renaissance was a time of linguistic contact and debate. The first book of French, rather than Latin, grammar was published in 1530, followed nine years later by the language's first dictionary. Spelling was far less codified back then. Rabelais, as an educated reader of the day, preferred etymological spelling, preserved clues to the lineage of words, to more phonetic spellings which wash those traces away.

József Fabchich (March 13, 1753 – December 23, 1809) was a Hungarian writer, sacrificial priest and translator, known mainly for his translations of Ancient Greek poetry (namely Sappho, Alcman, Alcaeus, Anacreon, Stesichorus, Pindar and others) into the Hungarian language. Fabchich was born in Kőszeg. Most of his translations were published in Győr in 1804. He also compiled the first Hungarian etymological dictionary in 1789–1794.

The term "memoization" was coined by Donald Michie in 1968 and is derived from the Latin word "memorandum" ("to be remembered"), usually truncated as "memo" in American English, and thus carries the meaning of "turning [the results of] a function into something to be remembered". While "memoization" might be confused with "memorization" (because they are etymological cognates), "memoization" has a specialized meaning in computing.

Indeed, his work "Horeb" (1837) focuses to a large degree on the possible meanings and symbols in religious precepts. This work was continued in his Torah commentary and his articles in the Jeschurun journal (Collected Writings, vol. III, is a collation of these articles). A final area of his work, which has only recently been re-discovered, was his etymological analysis of the Hebrew language.

The name Arganchy appears as Archenceium in 1198.Albert Dauzat and Charles Rostaing, Etymylogical Dictionary of place names in France, Larousse, Paris, 1963 The origin of the name is attributed to the anthroponym Argentius: Latin according to René LepelleyRené Lepelley, Etymological Dictionary of commune names in Normandy, Éditions Charles Corlet, Condé-sur-Noireau, 1996, , p. 50 or Gaulish according to Albert Dauzat and Charles Rostaing.

In Animal, the perspective of Sinha and many others still seeking reparations from the incident are channeled and reflected. Khaufpuri language Indra Sinha's inclusion of words such as kampani and Khaufpur—"kauf" meaning "terror" in Urdu —challenges readers' competency as linguists. Animal's language (Khaufpuri) requires readers to recognize phonetic similarities to English and etymological cues (e.g. Hindi, French) in order to ascribe meaning to the text.

Girfanova has invested considerable time into lexicography of Udege and Oroch languages. She will be mostly known as the author of the best "Vocabulary of Udege Language". It is not the first and only vocabulary of Udege language, but, according to the review by A. A. Byrykin, it is the most linguistically solid vocabulary of Udege. Her lexicographic and etymological studies were not limited to Tungusic languages.

On this day Western Slavs lit fires at cemeteries to keep their loved ones warm, and organized feasts to honor the dead and keep them fed. They also lit wooden logs at local crossroads. In some Slavic languages, the word came to denote unexpected death of a young person and the evil spirit that shortens life.Max Vasmer, Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language, Корочун.

West notes that the form Gyes perhaps came "from association" with "γυῖον" (limb, hand: LSJ, s.v. γυῖον) and "ἀμφιγύεις" (strong in both arms: Autenrieth, s.v. ἀμφι-γυήεις); see also Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Ancient Greek, s.v. γύης. Homer's Iliad gives Briareus a second name, saying that Briareus is the name the gods call him, while Aegaeon (Αἰγαίων) is the name that men call him.

A Korean sign for Gyeongju, which translates to "congratulatory province" or "capital province". Korean place name etymologies are based upon a large linguistic background of Chinese, Japanese and Old Korean influence and history. The commonplace names have multiple meanings in Korean, Chinese, and when transliterated to English as well. The etymological meanings of these words stem from history, mythology and the landscape of the area.

During the time of Alexander the Great (356–323 BC), the Greeks called the land Gedrosia and its people Gedrosoi, terms of unknown origin. Using etymological reasoning, H. W. Bailey reconstructs a possible Iranian name, uadravati, meaning "the land of underground channels", which could have been transformed to badlaut in the 9th century and further to balōč in later times. This reasoning remains speculative.

Some linguists such as Sergei Starostin think that the Northeast and Northwest Caucasian languages are part of a wider North Caucasian family, citing shared vocabulary and typological features as evidence. This proposed family does not usually include the neighboring Kartvelian languages. This hypothesis is not well demonstrated.Nichols, J. 1997 "Nikolaev and Starostin's North Caucasian Etymological Dictionary and the Methodology of Long-Range Comparison: an assessment".

Sire is a respectful form of address for reigning kings in Europe. It is used in Belgium, France, Italy, Germany, Sweden, Spain, and the United Kingdom. The words "sire" and "sir", as well as the French "(mon)sieur" and the Spanish "señor", share a common etymological origin, all ultimately being related to the Latin senior. The female equivalent form of address is dame or dam.

Linguistics Professor R. S. P. Beekes has suggested a pre-Greek origin and a connection with the root of the word ' (σοφός, "wise").R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. xxxiii. German mythographer Otto Gruppe thought that the name derived from ' (σίσυς, "a goat's skin"), in reference to a rain-charm in which goats' skins were used.Gruppe, O. Griechische Mythologie (1906), ii.

Cement and concrete are used interchangeably but there are technical distinctions and the meaning of cement has changed since the mid-nineteenth century when ferrocement originated. Ferro- means iron although metal commonly used in ferro-cement is the iron alloy steel. Cement in the nineteenth century and earlier meant mortar Chambers, William, and James Donald, eds. "cement", Chambers's Etymological Dictionary of the English Language.

In the religions of ancient Rome, an omen, plural omina, was a sign intimating the future, considered less important to the community than a prodigium but of great importance to the person who heard or saw it.The etymology is debated. The older Latin form is "osmen", which may have meant "an utterance"; see W. W. Skeat Etymological Dictionary of the English Language s.v. omen New York 1963.

M. Heydari-Malayeri, An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics English-French-Persian. Accessed Oct. 7, 2006 The adjective Cytherean was taken from this name and remained popular in scientific literature for some time. Its perhaps forgotten usage in 18th century eroticaFor example, "when you examine her whole naked figure, which she will permit you to do, if you perform the Cytherean Rites like an able priest".

Stratigraphic evidence attests to settlement in the Late Bronze and Iron Age (I & II) periods. A large city in the Iron Age, the site was "enclosed on three sides by a large man-made siege-moat."Wigoder, 2005, pp. 348–9. Victor Guérin thought that Tell es-Safi was the "watch-tower" mentioned in , based on its etymological meaning,Guérin, V. (1869), p. 90–ff.

But, given the fact that the earliest coronides actually take the form of birds, there has been debate about whether the name of the textual symbol initially referred to use of a decorative bird to mark a major division in a text or if these pictures were a secondary development that played upon the etymological relation between , "crow", and , as in "curved".Schironi 2010: 16–17.

Malayalam, the popular and official governing vernacular language of Kerala is the etymological dialect of the people of Rajamudy. Though there are no illiterates in the village, most of the people use only Malayalam. There are youngsters who use English and Hindi too. In earlier days there were people who speak the local dialect that was seen among the tribes like Mannan, Urali and Murriken.

Map showing the approximate locations of the major Germanic tribes in and around the geographical region of Germania as mentioned in Tacitus' work, the Germania According to Tacitus's Germania (AD 98), Tuisto (or Tuisco) is the legendary divine ancestor of the Germanic peoples. The figure remains the subject of some scholarly discussion, largely focused upon etymological connections and comparisons to figures in later (particularly Norse) Germanic mythology.

Apollo's chief epithet was Phoebus ( ; , Phoibos ), literally "bright".R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 1582. It was very commonly used by both the Greeks and Romans for Apollo's role as the god of light. Like other Greek deities, he had a number of others applied to him, reflecting the variety of roles, duties, and aspects ascribed to the god.

The name of the Greek god Adonis is similar to a Semitic word—adon (which means "lord"). Yet there is no trace of a Semitic deity directly connected with Adonis,R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 23. and no trace in Semitic languages of any specific mythemes connected with his Greek myth; both Greek and Near Eastern scholars have questioned the connection.

Many Palestinian Christians argue, however, that the site was dedicated to Saint Catherine, suggesting the etymological origin of "Qatrawani" to be from "Catherine". Hamdan Taha points out similarities between the Muslim tradition of al- Qatrawani descending to his burial place at the time of his death to the Christian tradition of Saint Catherine descending to Mount Sinai at the time of her death.Canaan, 1927, p. 288, n.

Several theories exist as to the etymological origins of the name 'Kinarut'. One such theory is that it refers to a street in the town which was formerly called China Road.Richard Nelson Sokial: Colonial Townships in Sabah: West Coast, Homeland Publisher Sdn Bhd, 2012, Page 224-236, Another theory is that it originated from the Dusun word Kinorut which means 'cutting using a knife'.

It was commonly believed that cant developed from Romany. Etymological research now suggests a substantial correlation between Romany words and cant, and equivalents, in many European languages. However, in England, Scotland, and Wales this does not apply. The Egyptians, as they were known, were a separate group from the standard vagabonds, and cant was fully developed within 50 years of their first arrival in England.

Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases, and of Kindred Terms, Etymological, Historical, Geographical and Discursive. London: J. Murry. p. 290. . Banditry is criminal activity involving robbery by groups of armed bandits. The East India Company established the Thuggee and Dacoity Department in 1830, and the Thuggee and Dacoity Suppression Acts, 1836–1848 were enacted in British India under East India Company rule.

De Vaux, Roland (tr. John McHugh), Ancient Israel: Its Life and Institutions (NY, McGraw-Hill, 1961) Dhorme (1926) connected the Hebrew name to Assyrian kāribu (diminutive kurību), a term used to refer to intercessory beings (and statues of such beings) that plead with the gods on behalf of humanity. The folk etymological connection to a Hebrew word for "youthful" is due to Abbahu (3rd century).

1,600 pages 1,600 pages) was published in 2004. There is also an etymological dictionary, Suomen sanojen alkuperä, published in 1992–2000, and a handbook of contemporary language (Nykysuomen käsikirja), and a periodic publication, Kielikello. Standard Finnish is used in official texts and is the form of language taught in schools. Its spoken form is used in political speech, newscasts, in courts, and in other formal situations.

The term slam for winning all of the tricks in the whist family card games (see also whist terms) is attested from early in the 17th century. Grand slam for all of the tricks, in contrast to small slam or little slam for all but one, dates from early in the 19th century."Slam". Online Etymological Dictionary (etymonline.com). Douglas Harper. Retrieved 9 January 2013.

The Anglo-Saxon charm Wið Dweorh (Against a Dwarf) appears to relate to sleep disturbances. This may indicate that the dwarf antagonist is similar to the oppressive supernatural figure the mare which is the etymological source of the word "nightmare" or possibly that the word had come to be used to mean "fever".Storms (1948:168). In the Old English Herbal, it translates Latin verrucas, warts.

The orders of architecture are only hinted at or are indirectly implicated in the form and structure. Despite its etymological similarity, Stripped Classicism is sometimes distinguished from "Starved Classicism", the latter "displaying little feeling for rules, proportions, details, and finesse, and lacking all verve and élan".Cf, At other times the terms "stripped" and "starved" are used interchangeably. Stripped Classicism was a materialistic manifestation of 'political' modernism.

Cossack alt= Max Vasmer's etymological dictionary traces the name to the Old East Slavic word , , a loanword from Cuman, in which cosac meant "free man", from Turkic languages.For a detailed analysis, see The ethnonym Kazakh is from the same Turkic root. In modern Turkish it is pronounced as "Kazak". In written sources, the name is first attested in the Codex Cumanicus from the 13th century.

Her Greek name Klytaimnḗstra is also sometimes Latinized as Clytaemnestra.. It is commonly glossed as "famed for her suitors". However, this form is a later misreading motivated by an erroneous etymological connection to the verb mnáomai (, "woo, court"). The original name form is believed to have been Klytaimḗstra () without the -n-. The present form of the name does not appear before the middle Byzantine period.

In 1920 he was appointed divisional director at the Danzig Museum of Natural History and Prehistory.BHL Taxonomic literature : a selective guide to botanical publications He made contributions regarding the plant families Alangiaceae, Cornaceae, Garryaceae and Nyssaceae in Engler's Das Pflanzenreich.Bibliographical Contributions from the Lloyd ..., Volume 3; Volumes 26-32 The botanical genus Wangerinia (E.Franz, 1908; family Caryophyllaceae) is probably named after him, although etymological data is lacking.

In Greek mythology, Chronos (ancient Greek: Χρόνος) is identified as the Personification of Time. His name in Greek means "time" and is alternatively spelled Chronus (Latin spelling) or Khronos. Chronos is usually portrayed as an old, wise man with a long, gray beard, such as "Father Time". Some English words whose etymological root is khronos/chronos include chronology, chronometer, chronic, anachronism, synchronise, and chronicle.

In the Solinger Platt dialect the word siepenaat means "completely wet through". In East Westphalian Ravensberger Land and in Lipperland such landforms are known as Sieks. But after land amelioration for agriculture, they usually have a trough-shape today. It is possible that there is an etymological relationship between the Middle Low German term for a similar fluvial landform, sike , and the word Siepen.

In recent years, dictionaries with a more academic focus have tried to bring together etymological studies in an attempt to provide definitive guides to slang while avoiding problems arising from folk etymology and false etymology. The study of slang is now taken seriously by academics, especially lexicographers like the late Eric Partridge, devoting their energies to the field and publishing on it, including producing slang dictionaries.

In several languages spoken in Russia and the former Soviet Union, the currency name has no etymological relation with ruble. Especially in Turkic languages or languages influenced by them, the ruble is often known (also officially) as som or sum (meaning pure), or manat (from Russian moneta, meaning coin). Soviet banknotes had their value printed in the languages of all 15 republics of the Soviet Union.

Kallar is a Tamil word meaning thief. Their history has included periods of banditry. Alternatively, the term 'Kallar' can mean "Master" or "Landlord", Other proposed etymological origins include "black skinned", "hero", and "toddy- tappers". The anthropologist Susan Bayly notes that the name Kallar, as with that of Maravar, was a title bestowed by Tamil palaiyakkarars (warrior-chiefs) on pastoral peasants who acted as their armed retainers.

Here, etymological in the coda is vocalised into or in all cases. Hence, Bavarian , Viennese , corresponding to standard German ("much"). In the Bernese dialect of Swiss German, historical in coda position has become , a historical (only occurring intervocalically) has become , whereas intervocalic persists. The absence of vocalization was one of the distinctive features of the upper-class variety which is not much spoken anymore.

The personal name Amhalghaidh (also spelt Amhalghadh) is an old Gaelic name, and its etymological origin and meaning are uncertain. In other cases, the surnames are derived from the Scottish Gaelic MacAmhlaibh or MacAmhlaidh, or the Irish Mac Amhlaoibh., which cited: , for the surnames "MacAuley", "McAuley", "McCauley". These surnames translate into English as "son of Amhlaibh"; "son of Amhladh" or "son of Amhlaidh"; and "son of Amhlaoibh".

Markim is mentioned in written sources for the first time in 1287, but both etymological and archaeological evidence suggest that the cultural landscape surrounding the church is considerably older. The landscape had ancient traditions already during the Middle Ages, when the church was built. The church is situated on a small hill were an earlier, pagan sacrificial well was located. The area is rich in rune stones.

This is the second stone of the third row of the rational, where it likely represented the tribe of Asher. The etymological derivation of the Hebrew word is unclear, but the stone has generally been acknowledged to be the agate. The Hebraic derivation derives shbw from shbb "to flame"; it may also be related to Saba (shba). Caravans having brought the stone to Palestine.

The name derives from the term sloboda for a colonial settlement free of tax obligations, and the word ukraine in its original sense of "borderland". The etymology of the word Ukraine is seen this way among Russian,Vasmer Etymological Dictionary Ukrainian and Western historians such as Orest Subtelny,Orest Subtelny. Ukraine: A History. University of Toronto Press, 1988 Paul Magocsi,A History of Ukraine.

In ancient times, "India" initially referred to those regions immediately along the east bank of the Indus, but by 300 BC, Greek writers including Herodotus and Megasthenes were applying the term to the entire subcontinent that extends much farther eastward.Henry Yule: India, Indies . In Hobson-Jobson: A glossary of colloquial Anglo-Indian words and phrases, and of kindred terms, etymological, historical, geographical and discursive. New ed.

Acharian's most cited work is the Armenian Etymological Dictionary (Հայերէն Արմատական Բառարան). It was first published in Yerevan in seven volumes between 1926 and 1935 and includes some 11,000 entries on root words and 5,095 entries on the roots. The latter entries include early Armenian references, definitions, some 30 dialectal forms, and the borrowing of the word by other languages. Its second edition was published 1971-79 in four volumes.

This idea, however, remains speculative: available medieval Christian and Jewish sources do not mention the existence of the Jewish community in this place. For this reason, the exact role of Jews in the inception or the development of this town remains obscure. During the 20th century, certain authors suggested other etymological explanations that are, nevertheless, even more speculative and, moreover, do not explain the known Latin and medieval French spellings.

Since the lexicons of those languages are derived from Portuguese, even creole-speakers who do not speak Portuguese have a passive knowledge of it. In addition, Portuguese creoles have often been (and often continue to be) written using Portuguese orthography. An important issue in discussions of standardization of creoles is whether it is better to devise a truly phonetic orthography or to choose an etymological one based on Portuguese.

He became an Officer First Class of the Order of the White Rose of Finland in 1967. Puhvel is the editor of the Hittite Etymological Dictionary (1984-), which as of 2020 has been published in ten volumes. Since volume 5 (2001), the project complements the Chicago Hittite Dictionary, which began in 1980. Puhvel has retired from UCLA as Professor Emeritus of Classical Linguistics, Indo-European Studies and Hittite.

He returned to Catalonia later, and spent his last years working on his main works: the etymological dictionaries and the Onomasticon. He refused several prizes from the Spanish government, in protest at the treatment of the Catalan language and culture in Spain. In honor of Coromines, in April 2006 the University of Chicago inaugurated the Càtedra Joan Coromines d'Estudis Catalans, a teaching chair for visiting professors of Catalan language and literature.

It is considered an extremely valuable source for the study of the Bulgarian language of the 19th century. Gerov was also an advocate of an orthography for the Bulgarian literary language based on the etymological principle. His orthography was, however, eventually rejected in favour of the one proposed by Marin Drinov. Gerov Pass in Tangra Mountains on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Nayden Gerov.

The Russian exonym Gruziya (Грузия ['gruzʲɪjə]) is also of Persian origin, from Persian: گرجستان Gorjestân (Turkish Gürcistan Gurjistan, Ossetian: Гуырдзыстон Gwyrdzyston, Mongolian Гүрж Gürj.) The Russian name first occurs in the travel records of Ignatiy Smolnyanin as gurzi (гурзи) (1389). Afanasy Nikitin calls Georgia as gurzynskaya zemlya (Гурзыньская земля, "Gurzin land") (1466–72). Vesmer, MAx (trans. Trubachyov, Oleg, 1987), «Этимологический словарь русского языка» (Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language), vol.

This verb is thought to be derived from an earlier form spandere, with the root spa-. Σπάθη is actually derived from the similar root spē(i), that means to extend. It seems that os latum scapularum, ὠμοπλάτη, πλάται, pala, spathula and σπάθη all refer to the same aspect of the shoulder blade, i.e. being a flat, broad blade, with the latter three words etymological related to each other.

The same publication gives shoopiltee and its spelling variations as adaptations of the Old Norse sjó and piltr meaning sea added to boy or lad. In An Etymological Glossary of the Shetland and Orkney Dialect Thomas Edmondston lists the creature as a niogle crediting a Gothic derivation from gner for horse and el for water; he also records shoupiltin but merely catalogues it as a triton from Shetland.

In Language, its Origin and Development (1874), he upheld the onomatopoeic theory. Key was prejudiced against the German Sanskritists, and the etymological portion of his Latin Dictionary, published in 1888, was severely criticized on this account. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society and president of the Philological Society, to the Transactions of which he contributed largely. Key was the great- grandfather of British authors Rumer Godden and Jon Godden.

In his works he pays frequent attention also to the language of the liturgy. In his etymological explanations he seeks for analogies in Bible, Talmud, Targum, and in Arabic. In cases where such analogies are wanting or unsatisfactory he is guided by the principle, "The unknown must be deduced from the known." Not seldom he explains difficult words on the basis of phonetic laws laid down by himself.

Megalena crassa, is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Enidae. Megalena is a monotypic genus, i.e. it contains only one species, Megalena crassa and therefore this species is also the type species. The generic name is composed from the prefix mega-, which means "large" from the ancient Greek language, and from the suffix -ena, for which the etymological origin is unknown.

The definitions, brief but clear, contain example phrases. However, the dictionary lacks any etymological references to the first use of a word and does not mention whether or not a word was personally introduced to the language by Zamenhof, or possibly even mentioned in his Fundamento de Esperanto. The structure has remained essentially the same throughout the Plena Vortaro of 1930 and in the modern Plena Ilustrita Vortaro.

3; P.Chantraine, Dictionnaire de la langue grecque, Klincksieck, Paris 1968, vol.2 p.662. The Italian linguist Vincenzo Cocco proposed an etymological link to Georgian malokhi, comparing also Hebrew מַלּוּחַ (malúakh) meaning "salty". Gordon Douglas Young, Mark William Chavalas, Richard E. Averbeck, Kevin L. Danti, (eds.) Crossing boundaries and linking horizons: studies in honor of Michael C. Astour on his 80th birthday, CDL Press, 1997 pp.162-3.

There exist two narratives portraying the etymological origin of the name "Hipgasan." The first account states that the term was a namesake of the river passing through the village. Accordingly, the village site was then the “Hugasan,” a place where the settlers washed their spears, bows and arrows and their hunted animals. A village chief came to this place for hunting and killed a number of wild animals.

The name supangle comes from soupe anglaise, French for English soup. It can be thought to be the literal translation of the name of the Italian dessert Zuppa Inglese, but Zuppa Inglese is known by its Italian name in France and the name soupe anglaise is not used. Despite possible etymological link, the dessert supangle bears no resemblance to zuppa Inglese other than the inclusion of cake under a creamy pudding.

Some modern references claim that AB stands for able-bodied seaman as well as, or instead of, able seaman. Able seaman was originally entered using the abbreviation AB instead of the more obvious AS in ships' muster books or articles. Such an entry was likely to avoid confusion with ordinary seaman (OS). Later the abbreviation began to be written as A.B., leading to the folk- etymological able-bodied seaman.

Then Môt burst forth into light and the heavens were created and the various elements found their stations. Following the etymological line of Jacob Bryant one might also consider with regard to the meaning of Môt, that according to the Ancient Egyptians Ma'at was the personification of the fundamental order of the universe, without which all of creation would perish. She was also considered the wife of Thoth.

Derived from 16th-century English, "coil" refers to tumults or troubles. Used idiomatically, the phrase means "the bustle and turmoil of this mortal life". Oxford English Dictionary 1979 edition "Coil" has an unusual etymological history. It was coined repeatedly; at various times people have used it as a verb to mean "to cull", "to thrash", "to lie in rings or spirals", "to turn", "to mound hay" and "to stir".

Saining is a Scots word for blessing, protecting or consecrating.Ross, David and Gavin D. Smith, Scots-English/English-Scots Dictionary (Hippocrene Practical Dictionary), 1998, p102. Sain is cognate with the Irish and Scottish Gaelic seun and sian and the Old Irish sén - "a protective charm."Black, Ronald, The Gaelic Otherworld, 2005, p136-7, 211Carmichael, Alexander, Carmina Gadelica Volume II, 1900, p26-37Macbain, Etymological Dictionary of Scottish- Gaelic, 1998, p309.

Online Atlas of the British Flora Arnoseris minima photographed in Poland in 2008 The word 'succory' is an anglicization of the French 'cichorie' (chicory). The 'lamb' in the name denotes that it is a chicory only suitable for animal consumption.a New Universal Etymological and Pronouncing Dictionary of the English Language The genus Arnoseris comes from the Ancient Greek 'arnos seris' meaning 'sheep's endive'. The species epithet minima means 'small'.

It is a comprehensive set of Gothic – Renaissance patrician houses. The town has a long mining tradition; at first silver was mined here. In 1534, it was the second most populous town in the Kingdom of Bohemia. The silver coins minted there since the 16th century became known in German as Thaler for short, which via the Dutch or is the etymological origin of the currency name "dollar".

If a Proto(-Macro)-Altaic language really existed, it should be possible to reconstruct regular sound correspondences between that protolanguage and its descendants; such correspondences would make it possible to distinguish cognates from loanwords (in many cases). Such attempts have repeatedly been made. The latest version is reproduced here, taken from Blažek's (2006) summary of the newest Altaic etymological dictionary (Starostin et al. 2003) and transcribed into the IPA.

The film has received attention in scholarship from writers like Nurith Gertz and Ella Shohat. Shohat, writing about the film's heroic protagonist, noting that in Hebrew language gibor (hero), gever (man), gvura (bravery), ligvor (to conquer, to overpower), and ligvor al (to win) all share the etymological root GBR, reflecting closely linked concepts of bravery, mastery and masculinity which were part of the Israeli "heroic-nationalist" films of this generation.

The etymological roots of the name "Tucunduva" are difficult to reach. Some stories say that João Tucunduva was the first resident of the place. His father was called Captain Carvalho Rodrigues Tucunduva and his uncle was Colonel José Rodrigues Tucunduva. Coming from the province of São Paulo, current state of Paraná, where there were forests of small palm trees named in the Guarani language of Tucun and its collective of Uva.

John Lindow says that scholars have generally followed Snorri's etymological connection with the root lof-, meaning "praise." Lindow says that, along with many other goddesses, some scholars theorize that Lofn may simply be another name for the goddess Frigg. Rudolf Simek theorizes that Snorri used skaldic kennings to produce his Gylfaginning commentary about the goddess, while combining several etymologies with the Old Norse personal name Lofn.Simek (2007:190–191).

John Lindow says that due to similarity between the goddess Sága's Sökkvabekkr and Fensalir, the open drinking between Sága and Odin, and the potential etymological basis for Sága being a seeress "have led most scholars to understand Sága as another name for Frigg."Lindow (2001:265). Stephan Grundy states that Sága and Sökkvabekkr may be by-forms of Frigg and Fensalir used for the purpose of composing alliterative verse.Grundy (1999:62).

The word 'parasite' evokes the image of an ivy tree, the deconstructive reading that feeds on a mighty masculine oak, the univocal reading, and finally destroys the host. Miller rejects this view and calls this image inappropriate. Deconstructive reading is an essential and naturalized ingredient of every reading that we cannot identify its presence. He undertakes a brilliant etymological investigation of the word 'parasite' to prove his critics wrong.

Besides the increasing mass of words showing up in new literary and documentary texts, new critical editions of well-known texts and the necessary revision of their interpretation in the light of the current state of the art mandated a dictionary on new foundations. As for the etymological element, the tremendous development of Indo-European linguistics all through the 20th century had also to be taken into account.

Hopkins (2014:34). In his 1989 etymological dictionary of Icelandic, Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon suggested that this might indicate the name Ilmr was related to the noun jalmr (noise) with which it is coupled in the kenning; this is a known type of valkyrie-name. Eir, Þrúðr, and the norn Skuld are other female figures variously identified as valkyries and goddesses within the Old Norse corpus.Hopkins (2014:34-35).

They conclude that a stable core of largely unchanging words is a common feature of all human discourse, and model replacement as inversely proportional to usage frequency. Pagel et al. used hypothesized reconstructions of proto-words from seven language families listed in the Languages of the World Etymological Database (LWED). They limited their search to the 200 most common words as described by the Swadesh fundamental vocabulary list.

Genesis 1:1 is said to hint to this idea. The verse contains seven (Hebrew) words, and each of the words except Hashamayim("Heavens") contains the letter Aleph (the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet, with a gematria value of 1). The name "Aleph" hints at its etymological variants "Aluph" ("Chief/Ruler", representing the one God) and "Eleph" ("One Thousand", representing 1,000 years). Hebrew word roots generally contain three consonant letters.

Calton Hill is an elevated southern residential suburb of the City of Dunedin in New Zealand's South Island. The suburb is named after Calton Hill in Edinburgh, Scotland, and some of its street names carry similar etymological roots. It covers an area of approximately and has 627 households comprising 1583 residents. The suburb was established in the 1900s, as part of the second wave of suburban development in Dunedin.

The settlement was known in Greek as Mesembria (), sometimes mentioned as Mesambria or Melsembria, the latter meaning the city of Melsas. According to a reconstruction the name might derive from Thracian Melsambria. Nevertheless, the Thracian origin of that name seems to be doubtful. Moreover, the tradition pertaining to Melsas, as founder of the city is tenuous and belongs to a cycle of etymological legends abundant among Greek cities.

The Hebrew word for "Jew" is , with the plural . Endonyms in other Jewish languages include the Ladino (plural , ) and the Yiddish (plural ). The etymological equivalent is in use in other languages, e.g., يَهُودِيّ yahūdī (sg.), al-yahūd (pl.), in Arabic, "Jude" in German, "judeu" in Portuguese, "Juif" (m.)/"Juive" (f.) in French, "jøde" in Danish and Norwegian, "judío/a" in Spanish, "jood" in Dutch, "żyd" in Polish etc.

According to the Max Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary, the name of the river has been taken from the Western Dvina. The toponym Dvina does not stem from a Uralic language; however, its origin is unclear. Possibly it is an Indo-European word which used to mean river or stream. In the Komi language, the river is called Вы́нва / Výnva from vyn "power" and va "water, river" hence "powerful river".

River Dalyan Dalyan means "fishing weir" in Turkish. Bass, Mullet and Sea Bream swim upstream from the sea to Köyceğiz Lake where another large town of the region, Köyceğiz, is located. The fish spawn there, and when returning to the sea they are caught in the "dalyans". According to the turkish etymological dictionary Nisanyan Sözlük, dalyan (ta aliana) derives from the greek word aliia (αλιεία) which means fishing.

S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 1261). is a structure whose outer surfaces are triangular and converge to a single step at the top, making the shape roughly a pyramid in the geometric sense. The base of a pyramid can be trilateral, quadrilateral, or of any polygon shape. As such, a pyramid has at least three outer triangular surfaces (at least four faces including the base).

The island was also called Huángshānmǎ Jiāo () and Huángshānmǎ Zhì () by Chinese fishermen. Outside of China and Taiwan, a common name for the island is Itu Aba, which was in use prior to 1946. Two different etymological origins have been proposed for this name: that it is a Malay expression meaning "What's that?" (spelled itu apa in the current orthography); or that it is a corruption of Hainanese Widuabe (Huángshānmǎ ()).

An on-line version of the Slovene Etymological Dictionary is in the Fran Slovene lexicographic portal of the Institute for Slovene Language. In appearances on radio and television he has popularized etymology in Slovene. Especially noteworthy is his series of twenty-two one-hour programs on the national television station, TV Slovenija, Besede (Words), which has been rebroadcast several times since its first showing during the February- June 1998 season.

In the course of what The Scotsman described as his "55-year love affair with the Russian language", Wade wrote a dozen books about grammar and linguistics, including his Comprehensive Russian Grammar (1992) and Russian Etymological Dictionary (1996). The Times has called his works "classics in their field", and Wade is considered one of Britain's pre-eminent Russianists. He was awarded the Russian government's prestigious Medal of Pushkin in 1996.

Not all scholars accept the unity of the North Caucasian languages, and some who do believe that the two are, or may be, related do not accept the methodology used by Nikolayev and Starostin.Nichols, J. 1997 _Nikolaev and Starostin's North Caucasian Etymological Dictionary and the Methodology of Long-Range Comparison: an assessment_ Paper presented at the 10th Biennial Non-Slavic Languages (NSL) Conference, Chicago, 8–10 May 1997.

Béla (; Serbian or Slovak variants are Бeлa, Bela or Belo) is a common Hungarian male given name. Its most likely etymology is from old Hungarian bél ("heart; insides" in Old Hungarian and "intestines" in modern Hungarian; in both the symbolism is "guts" i.e. bravery and character). Other possible etymological source is a Turkic word boila/boyla – "noble, distinguished", which was a title of high nobility among the Bulgars and Blue Turks.

Papiamento has two standardized orthographies, one used on the island of Aruba and the other on the islands of Curaçao and Bonaire. The Aruban orthography is more etymological in nature, while the other is more phonemic. Among the differences between the two standards, one obvious difference is the way the name of the language is written. In Aruba it is written Papiamento, while in Curaçao it is written Papiamentu.

The municipal arms show the ridge which the town centre with its church has been situated on since the medieval age. The cross symbolizes the Knights Hospitallers, a monastic order that was built in the town in the fifteenth century and had a large influence on its development. It is an etymological design showing the origin of the name of the municipality: Mönster comes from monastery while ås means ridge.

Sage Agastya in seated posture. This sculpture is from Angkor period, Cambodia, ca.975 AD. The etymological origin of Agastya has several theories. One theory states that the root is Aj or Anj, which connotes "brighten, effulgent one" and links Agastya to "one who brightens" in darkness, and Agastya is traditionally the Indian name for Canopus, the second most brilliantly shining star found in South Asian skies, next to Sirius.

Positions of the Sun during the day. Positions of the Sun: Roy states that 'Visnu's three strides alluded to in the Rigveda have been variously interpreted as meaning the three different positions of the sun at his rising, culmination, and setting. It is interesting to note in this connection the etymological explanation of the terms, Vamana and Visnu given in the puranas. Visnu is so-called from the verbal root vis.

The word assassin is often believed to derive from the word hashshashin (Arabic: حشّاشين, ħashshāshīyīn, also hashishin, hashashiyyin, or assassins),American Speech – McCarthy, Kevin M. Volume 48, pp. 77–83 and shares its etymological roots with hashish ( or ; from Arabic: ').The Assassins: a radical sect in Islam – Bernard Lewis, pp. 11–12 It referred to a group of Nizari Ismailis known as the Assassins who worked against various political targets.

In effect, he established a centralized bureaucratic state to replace the old feudal confederation system of preceding dynasties, making Qin the first imperial dynasty in Chinese history. This dynasty, sometimes phonetically spelt as the "Ch'in dynasty", has been proposed in the 17th century by Martin Martini and supported by later scholars such as Paul Pelliot and Berthold Laufer to be the etymological origin of the modern English word "China".

The name is derived from the asterisk, a symbol which when used in regular expressions is used to match any number of characters. An asterisk, which is sometimes referred to as a "splat" has historic etymological roots in the fields of programming and computer science. This naming convention is meant to symbolically represent the diversity of skills and interests represented by the membership base and local maker community.

The huge chariot of Jagannath pulled during Ratha Yatra is the etymological origin of the English word juggernaut. The Ratha Yatra is also termed as the Shri Gundicha Yatra. The most significant ritual associated with the Ratha Yatra is the chhera pahara. During the festival, the Gajapati king wears the outfit of a sweeper and sweeps all around the deities and chariots in the Chera Pahara (Sweeping with water) ritual.

Cover of the Tesoro's editio princeps (1611). The Tesoro de la lengua castellana o española (Treasury of Castilian or Spanish Language) is a dictionary of the Spanish language, written by Sebastián de Covarrubias in 1611. It was the first monolingual dictionary of the Castilian language, with its lexicon defined in Spanish. The etymological dictionary was among the first of its type published in Europe in a vernacular language.

A church key in the literal sense A church key in the figurative sense The term in the beverage-opening sense is apparently not an old one; Merriam-Webster finds written attestation only since the 1950s. Several etymological themes exist. The main one is that the ends of some bottle openers resemble the heads of large keys such as have traditionally been used to lock and unlock church doors.

Aln8bak News included community- related information such as updates on governance issues, notices of social events, and obituaries. The newsletter also included Band history, genealogy, language lessons, recipes, plant and animal studies, books reviews, and writings by Band members. The English word "skunk", attested in New England in the 1630s, is probably borrowed from the Abenaki seganku.A Concise Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, Walter William Skeat, Harper & Brothers, 1882, p.

According to Douglas Harper's Online Etymological Dictionary, the phrase refers to the gray catbird and was used in the 19th century in the American South. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first documented use occurred in a 1942 humorous short story by James Thurber titled "The Catbird Seat", which features a character, Mrs. Barrows, who likes to use the phrase. Another character, Joey Hart, explains that Mrs.

Nişanyan's Sözlerin Soyağaci: Çağdaş Türkçenin Etimolojik Sözlüğü (Etymological Dictionary of Contemporary Turkish), published in 2002Ahmet Tulgar, Interview with Sevan Nişanyan, published in Milliyet newspaper, 23 December 2002. was the first and so far the most significant reference work in its field. Popularly known as "The Nişanyan Dictionary", a revised and expanded fifth edition was published in 2008. The full contents of the dictionary are available online at Nisanyansozluk.

In physics and the philosophy of science, instant refers to an infinitesimal interval in time, whose passage is instantaneous. In ordinary speech, an instant has been defined as "a point or very short space of time," a notion deriving from its etymological source, the Latin verb instare, from in- + stare ('to stand'), meaning 'to stand upon or near.'Webster's New World College Dictionary, 4th ed. (1999), p. 740.

Göttingen: Verlag der Deuerlich- und Dieterichschen Buchhandlung. when viewed from the side. This established etymological explanation can also be found in the writings of the 16th century anatomist Andreas Vesalius who wrote: os cuculi, a similitudine rostri cuculi avis (the cuckoo bone shows a likeness to the beak of the cuckoo bird). Vesalius used the Latin expression os cuculi, with os, bone, , and cuculus, the Latin name for the cuckoo.

The word may derive from the Hebrew root [n-ts-h].Brown Driver Briggs Hebrew Lexicon Tzitzit shares this root with the Hebrew for 'lock of hair', or 'dreadlock'. For example, in the Book of Ezekiel an angel grabs the prophet "by the tzitzit of [his] head;" he could be said to be "dragged by his hair." A popular etymological interpretation of tzitzit derives from another word which shares this root.

Additional information about the language is drawn from various proper nouns recorded in Korean and Chinese records, and from etymological studies of the Korean pronunciations of Chinese characters. Various systems were used, beginning with ad hoc approaches and gradually becoming codified in the Idu script and the hyangchal system used for poetry. These were arrangements of Chinese characters to represent the language phonetically, much like the Japanese kana.

A number of such theories are mentioned at . The "mythological theory" dates back at least to 1584, when Reginald Scot identified Robin Hood with the Germanic goblin "Hudgin" or Hodekin and associated him with Robin Goodfellow.Reginald Scot "Discourse upon divels and spirits" Chapter 21, quoted in Charles P. G. Scott "The Devil and His Imps: An Etymological Investigation" p. 129 Transactions of the American Philological Association (1869–1896) Vol.

According to the Max Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary, the origin of the name of the river is unclear, but it may originate from a Finnic language meaning "a woodpecker" or more specific "a spotted woodpecker". The urban-type settlement of Sheksna and Sheksninsky District are named after the river. The source of the Sheksna is in the southeastern end of Lake Beloye. The river flows south and subsequently turns east.

' (Sanskrit: तद्भव, , lit. "arising from that") is the Sanskrit word for one of three etymological classes defined by native grammarians of Middle Indo- Aryan languages, alongside tatsama and deśi words. at pp. 67-69. A "tadbhava" is a word with an Indo-Aryan origin (and thus related to Sanskrit) but which has evolved through language change in the Middle Indo-Aryan stage and eventually inherited into a modern Indo-Aryan language.

Due to his speech in Japanese, young poet Kenji Miyazawa decided to learn Esperanto. Ramstedt was a pioneer in the study of numeral etymologies of a number of Asian language families (Turkic, Mongolian, Tungusic, as well as the possible isolate Korean).Krippes, Karl, 1992, "The Phonetic History of Korean Numerals," Korean Linguistics 7:1–9 He also did extensive work on the general etymological history of Korean. Ramstedt died in Helsinki.

Husserl, Ideas 242–43. Such an object does not simply strike the senses, to be interpreted or misinterpreted by mental reason; it has already been selected and grasped, grasping being an etymological connotation, of percipere, the root of "perceive".Husserl, Ideas 105–109; Mark P. Drost, 'The Primacy of Perception in Husserl's Theory of Imagining,' PPR 1 (1990) 569–82. The German begreifen, cognate with English 'grip,' carries the same sense.

He is called Qat (pronounced ) in Mota, an Oceanic language which was first documented by Robert Codrington at the end of the 19th century. He is known under other names and pronunciations in the languages of neighbouring Banks and Torres islands:François (2013):220). Qet ; Iqet ; Qo’ ; Merawehih ; and so on. The name Qat has etymological connections with secret societies of initiation, and to a ritual dance associated with ancestral spirits.

The wavy bar represents the etymological origin of Lübbecke, which is derived from Hlid beki, i.e. the stream (beki) which is called the Ronceva today. The colours of the coat of arms were those of the Prince-Bishopric of Minden as well as the County of Ravensberg. This old coat of arms was authorised in 1935 by the Prussian State Ministry but was replaced in 1968 by another coat of arms.

He proposes that they must > have died young, on account of their lack of descendants. Quoted at greater > length in Francisco Marcos-Marin (1985), "Etymology and Semantics: > Theoretical Considerations apropos of an Analysis of the Etymological > Problem of Spanish mañero, mañería", Historical Semantics, Historical Word > Formation, ed. Jacek Fisiak (Walter de Gruyter), 378. This was identified by > Ramón Menéndez Pidal as the earliest documentation of the Spanish word > mañero ("sterile").

Following his discovery, the Dutch began to build ships, to transport salt herring to export markets, which eventually led to the Holland becoming a seafaring nation. In the 1807 work The Naturalist's Cabinet, the author identifies Buckels' name as the etymological source of the English word pickle. However, the Oxford English Dictionary provides "Middle Dutch pēkel, pēkele (Dutch pekel)" and other language cognates, and does not mention Buckels.

Le-azek in Hebrew means to remove stones, and then the soil appears a bit paler. It therefore appears that Epiphanius, who was born in Beit Zedek, near Eleutheropolis, identified Azekah with Tell el-Beida. Azekah is six kilometers from Eleutheropolis, and Tell Livnin is eight kilometers from there. Epiphanius adapted the new name to the identification by means of an etymological exegesis that has no linguistic basis.

The device's first-known appearance is on the title-page of William Perkins' A Golden Chain, where the Latin phrase Alma Mater Cantabrigia ("nourishing mother Cambridge") is inscribed on a pedestal bearing a nude, lactating woman wearing a mural crown. In English etymological reference works, the first university-related usage is often cited in 1710, when an academic mother figure is mentioned in a remembrance of Henry More by Richard Ward.

Apt is the etymological source of the Aptian, an age in the geologic timescale, a subdivision of the Early or Lower Cretaceous epoch or series and encompasses the time from 125.0 ± 1.0 Ma to 112.0 ± 1.0 Ma (million years ago), approximately.Gradstein et al. (2004) The original type locality is in the vicinity of Apt. The Aptian was introduced in scientific literature by French palaeontologist Alcide d'Orbigny in 1840.

This was later superseded by the native-written Gujarati Bhashanu Brihad Vyakaran (1919) of Kamlashankar Trivedi. He also compiled, with Vrajlal Shastri, Dhatusangraha (1870), an etymological dictionary of Gujarati roots. He had studied Gujarati prosody and his hymn collections Dharmagita (1851) and Kavyarpan (1863) are still popular in local churches. He is considered the father of Gujarati Christian poetry and his Bhajansangraha had 90 original and 18 translated songs.

Hjalmar Frisk (4 August 1900, Gothenburg – 1 August 1984, Gothenburg) was a Swedish linguist in Indo-European studies and rector of the University of Göteborg 1951–1966.Göteborgs Universitet His most noted work was the three- volume Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (Greek Etymological Dictionary) written in years 1954–1972 and published in Heidelberg, Germany. National Library of Sweden catalogue In 1968, he became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

The Gaelic surnames originated as a patronyms, however they are no longer used to refer to the actual names of the bearers' fathers. The personal name Amhalghaidh (also spelt Amhalghadh) is an old Gaelic name, and its etymological origin and meaning are uncertain. In other cases, the surnames are derived from the Scottish Gaelic MacAmhlaidh, or the Irish Mac Amhlaoibh., which cited: , for the surnames "Cawley" and "McCauley".

Antoun Saadeh's SSNP map of a "Natural Syria", based on the etymological connection between the name "Syria" and "Assyria" The boundaries of the region have changed throughout history, and were last defined in modern times by the proclamation of the short-lived Arab Kingdom of Syria and subsequent definition by French and British mandatory agreement. The area was passed to French and British Mandates following World War I and divided into Greater Lebanon, various Syrian-mandate states, Mandatory Palestine and the Emirate of Transjordan. The Syrian-mandate states were gradually unified as the State of Syria and finally became the independent Syria in 1946. Throughout this period, Antoun Saadeh and his party, the Syrian Socialist Nationalist Party, envisioned "Greater Syria" or "Natural Syria", based on the etymological connection between the name "Syria" and "Assyria", as encompassing the Sinai Peninsula, Cyprus, modern Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Jordan, Iraq, Kuwait, the Ahvaz region of Iran, and the Kilikian region of Turkey.

The interslavic language, a zonal, constructed, semi- artificial language based on Proto-Slavic and Old Church Slavonic modified based on the commonalities between living Slavic languages, allows (though does not encourage it for intelligibility purposes) to use both the little and big yus when writing in the scientific variety of its Cyrillic script. The letters correspond directly to their etymological values from Proto-Slavic, but do not retain the nasal pronunciation, instead going for one aiming to convey the "middle-ground" sounds found in etymologically corresponding letters in living Slavic languages. The little yus corresponds to the Latin letter "ę", while the big yus to "ų" in the etymological Latin script. The iotated versions are not part of the standard scientific vocabulary, where the yuses are instead accompanied by the Cyrillic letter "ј", also used in the modern Serbian alphabet, though their use is optionally permissible for aesthetic reasons if one opts for using the more standard iotated vowels in their writing, so that consistency is preserved.

The kind of writing system used to write Chavacano may differ according to the writer of the text. Writing may be written using a Spanish-derived writing system, where all words (including words of local origin) are spelled adhering to basic Spanish orthographic rules; it may also be written "phonetically", similar to the modern orthography of Filipino; another writing style uses a mixture of the two, spelling words based on an etymological approach, using phonetic spelling for words of Filipino origin and Spanish spelling rules for words of Spanish origin. in Zamboanga, an etymological-based approach was formally recently endorsed by the local city government and this is the system used in public schools as part of the mother-tongue policy of the Department of Education for kindergarten to grade 3. In principle, words of Spanish origin are to be spelled using Spanish rules while Chavacano words of local origin are spelled in the manner according to their origin.

Grimm (1882:309). Grimm connects Eddic references to Sif's golden hair (gold is referred to as ; Sif's hair) with the herb name (Polytrichum aureum). Grimm says that "expositors see in this the golden fruits of the Earth burnt up by fire and growing again, they liken Sif to Ceres", and Grimm says that "with it agrees the fact that O. Slav. is a gloss on " but cites etymological problems between the potential cognate.

The town then was considered the center of commercial activities going on thus it was named Dulag, the German term for center. Another version states that it is the etymological variation of a certain herb called "dulao" which grew abundantly in the area. Dulao is a kind of plant which is yellowish-green in color used as a food seasoning for a local dish. Because of its abundance, the place was called after this herb.

Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary: белору́с Vasmer's dictionary mentions the dichotomy of "white" land and "taxed" land in Domostroi and speculates that "white" Russia may have referred to the parts of Russia that were not subject to Tatar rule. Another speculation in Vasmer is that the color of the clothes of the White Russians (perhaps as well as the color of their hair) may have contributed to the name. Oleg Trubachyov calls both theories "complete fantasies".

719th century stone inscription from Bulgaria mentioning boyars ( boila) and rendered as boilades or boliades in the Greek of Byzantine documents.Constantine Porphyrogenitus, de Cerimoniis aulae Byzantinae, II, 46–47 Multiple different derivation theories of the word have been suggested by scholars and linguists, such as it having possible roots from old Turkic: bai ("noble, rich"; cf. "bay"), plus Turkic är ("man, men").Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary (Russian), or proto- Slavic "boj" (fight, battle).

The origin of the term comes from nautical vocabulary to sound, which is to throw a weighted line from a ship into the water to measure the water's depth. The term itself has its etymological roots in the Romance languages word for probe, of which there are nouns sonda and sonde and verbs like sondear which means "to do a survey or a poll". Sounding in the rocket context is equivalent to "taking a measurement".

Naucalpan is a Nahuatl name; some authors interpret its meaning as "the place of the four quarters" or "in the four quarters", but according to the etymological roots means "in four houses". Phonetic components are: Nau, grammatical contraction of nahui, means "four"; "cal derived calli, which means "House" and not "quarter" and pan, it should be interpreted, in this case, as "on" or "place": "in four houses" or “place of four houses".

Subrahmanian p. 159, 301 The name Parathavar may be derived from the same root word paravai. The Paravars prefer to call themselves Parathar also written Bharathar, which may be a corrupted form of the Tamil word padavar meaning "boat men". Another etymological theory propose the community had adopted the name of the Bharatas clan from the Hindu epic Mahabharata, who were the ancestor of the heroes in the epic, following their origin myth from Ayodhya.

The Kanchipuram district of North Tamil Nadu is considered to be the first region in the Tamil country to be Aryanized. P. T. Srinivasa Iyengar believes that in the pre-Pallava period, this region was the southernmost outpost of Sanskrit culture. He cites the etymological derivation of the word "Kanchipuram" and other evidence in support of his claim. However, despite such claims, Kanchipuram is believed to have been mentioned in the Tamil epic Manimekhalai.

A word family is the base form of a word plus its inflected forms and derived forms made with suffixes and prefixes plus its cognates, i.e. all words that have a common etymological origin, some of which even native speakers don't recognize as being related (e.g. "wrought (iron)" and "work(ed)"). In the English language, inflectional affixes include third person -s, verbal -ed and -ing, plural -s, possessive -s, comparative -er and superlative -est.

Johanne Nathusius was also a talented artist. As a young women, starting in 1846, she undertook several trips in Germany, Switzerland and to Italy which enabled her to develop her artistic skills. From 1860, over a number of years she produced 28 oil painted panels, concentrating on plants and flowers, and imbued with etymological symbolism. These were then reproduced in 1868 in a book that she had published by "Verlag Arnold" (publishers) of Leipzig.

They pronounced the name as Hirri-ronon in French, which gradually was known as Hirr-on, and finally spelled in its present form, Huron. William Martin Beauchamp concurred in 1907 that Huron was at least related to the Iroqouian root ' ("nation"). Other etymological possibilities come from the Algonquin words ' ("straight coast") or ' ("crooked coast"). The Wendat were not a tribe but a confederacy of four or more tribes who had mutually intelligible languages.

Ronald Hutton suggestsHutton, The Stations of the Sun, Oxford 1996. following the 18th-century Welsh clergyman antiquary John PettingallPettingall, in Archaeologia or, Miscellaneous tracts, relating to antiquity... (Society of Antiquaries of London), 2:67. that it is merely an Anglicisation of ', the Welsh name of the "feast of August". The OED and most etymological dictionaries give it a more circuitous origin similar to gullet; from Old French ', a diminutive of ', "throat, neck," from Latin ' "throat".

Liamuin is a poem in Dinnsenchas Erann explaining the medieval Irish placelore relating to nine assemblies and noted places in Ireland. The premise is largely dedicated to the etymological legend for Lyons, a hill, former royal inauguration site and former parish situated near the banks of the River Liffey 20 km upstream from the Irish capital Dublin.on the borders between the modern counties of County Kildare and County Dublin, Republic of Ireland.

The verb guappia means to behave like a guappo (Camorrista), to be domineering and derives from the Spanish guapear (to feign courage, to flaunt elegance).Erwin & Bello, Modern Etymological Neapolitan- English Vocabulary The word also might be derived from the Garduña, a fictitious criminal organisation in Spain said to be the precursor of the Camorra. The Garduña was composed of guapos, generally good swordsmen, daring assassins, and committed bandits. Consiglio, La camorra a Napoli, p.

A silver caudle spoon, Metropolitan Museum of Art The word caudle came into Middle English via the Old North French word caudel, ultimately derived from Latin caldus, "warm". The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica states the word derived from Medieval Latin caldellum, a diminutive of caldum, a warm drink, from calidus, hot. The Oxford English Dictionary cites the use of the word to 1297. The word's etymological connection to heat makes it cognate with "cauldron".

The name Laventille hearkens back to colonial times, especially when the French dominated the cultural traditions of the island. Laventille’s rich history One etymological derivation of the name is because the northeast trade winds come to this part of the island of Trinidad before reaching any other part of colonial Port of Spain – hence the metaphorical name La Ventaille ("The Vent"). Geographically, it is the source of Orographic precipitation for the capital city.

Capidan was interested in toponymy, particularly south of the Danube. During his Leipzig days, he delivered a report on the Slavic place names of Thessaly and Epirus. Over the years, he offered etymological explanations for a large number of place names. He used several of these to argue for the idea that certain Aromanians were native to Greece, basing the theory on their phonetic transformations found only in the Latin elements of Romanian.

These critics point out that many of the fundamental characteristics underlying Chinese characters, including radicals as well as etymological and phonetic elements, were deliberately omitted in their simplified form at least partly for this reason (i.e., disrupting continuity with traditional Chinese culture). One frequently-cited example is the character for "sage" or "holy", 圣 in simplified and 聖 in traditional. The simplified character lacks the king radical (王), replacing it with soil (土).

The prefix hana means bay in the Hawaiian language (the usual addition of bay in its name is thus redundant). There are two etymological interpretations of the second part of its name. One interpretation derives it from the Hawaiian word for curve, referring to either the shape of the feature or to the shape of the indigenous canoes that were launched there. Another stems from the indigenous hand-wrestling game known as "Uma".

His etymological theories have not stood up to academic scrutiny and are considered factually incorrect and wishful thinking. The book relies almost entirely on phonetic similarity, finding coincidences where sound and meaning happen to look similar. It did not include historical analysis. Among those who have criticized his theories as being completely wrong are American lexicographer Grant Barrett and Irish lexicographer Terence Dolan, Professor of Old and Middle English at University College Dublin.

Invaluable to the understanding of Middle Iranian are Henning's studies into the non-Iranian languages and scripts of the Middle Indo-Aryan languages, Elamite and Imperial Aramaic. Several works that were in progress when Henning died—including his Khwarezmian dictionary and his etymological dictionary of Middle Persian—remain unpublished. Henning's Mitteliranisch (in Spuler & al. Handbuch der Orientalistik I Bd. IV I, 1958) remains the authoritative guide to Middle Iranian languages and writing systems.

Portrait of Koldo Mitxelena Koldo Mitxelena Elissalt () (also known as Luis Michelena; 1915, Errenteria, Gipuzkoa - 11 October 1987, San Sebastián) was an eminent Basque linguist. He taught in the Department of Philology at the University of the Basque Country, and was a member of the Royal Academy of the Basque Language. He is described as "the greatest scholar the Basque language has ever seen."Max W. Wheeler's introduction to the Basque etymological dictionary, p.

Shuowen Jiezi () is the title of an educational television series broadcast daily on China's Sun TV channel and presented by Zhuang Jing (庄婧). The title is taken from the ancient Chinese etymological dictionary Shuowen Jiezi, and each episode briefly explains a Chinese character. For scheduling purposes the series is also given an English title, Hanzi Tracing, but this is not a translation of the Chinese title. There is no English in the programs themselves.

Contrary to popular belief, the name Pluit has no etymological connection with fluit (whistle in Dutch). Instead, the name was derived from a Dutch type of ship, the fluyt. In the 17th century, a fluyt called het Witte Paard was shipwrecked on the eastern coast of the Angke river estuary. This ship was subsequently used as a stronghold in addition to the already existing Castle Vijfhoek to ward off sporadic attacks of Bantenese forces.

Palaeolithic rock art in Almodóvar del Campo Roman city inside what is now the municipality of Almodóvar del Campo. Almodóvar del Campo is a town and municipality of Spain, located in the autonomous community of Castilla–La Mancha, most specifically in the province of Ciudad Real, some 14 km S.S.W. of the provincial capital, on the northern side of the Sierra de Alcúdia. The etymological origin of Almodóvar is the , al-mudawwar, "round, circular (place)".

The name of the area was attested in the form of Abecurt in 1151.Albert Dauzat and Charles Rostaing, Etymological Dictionary of names of areas in France, Librairie Guénégaud, Paris, 1989 , p. 1. This spelling is a form of "-court" characteristic of the Middle Ages and the north of France. The word court (curt or cort in old French) once meant "barnyard, farm, or rural area" (parallel to the German word hof cf. German.

Reported in An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, by Walter W. Skeat (1888) (Downloadable at Archive.org). In An Etymology Dictionary of Modern English by Ernest Weekley (1921) it is reported that Arabic tarashaqun is derivable in turn from Persian talkh chakok, bitter herb (Downloadable at Archive.org). The English name, dandelion, is a corruption of the French dent de lionS. Potter & L. Sargent (1973) Pedigree: essays on the etymology of words from nature.

We need to broaden the concept of a tangent to include any line which touches the curve: a tangent in the etymological sense rather than that of the differential calculus. In the example of Fig. 12 there is an arc of legal price lines through a point of contact, each touching indifference curves without cutting them inside the box, and accordingly there is a range of possible equilibria for a given endowment.

"Afghans are Assakani of the Greeks; this word being the Sanskrit Ashvaka meaning 'horsemen' " (Ref: Sva, 1915, p 113, Christopher Molesworth Birdwood).Cf: "The name represents Sanskrit Asvaka in the sense of a cavalier, and this reappears scarcely modified in the Assakani or Assakeni of the historians of the expedition of Alexander" (Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian words and phrases, and of kindred terms, etymological..by Henry Yule, AD Burnell).

One of the oldest buildings in La Fatarella was a Muslim watchtower in the site where the chapel of Mare de Déu of the Misericòrdia stands today. The name of the population is derived from the Arab name for "tower", although there are other etymological theories. They are no visible remains of the tower. From the point where it stood there is a commanding view of the Terra Alta and a magnificent panoramic view.

Sree Oorpazhachi Kavu (ooril pazhakiya eachil kavu or ooril pazhakiya achi kavu). The name of this temple renders itself to two etymological interpretations. The former meaning pazhakiya (ancient) kavu (grove) surrounded by Eachil (a herb) and the latter meaning pazhakiya (ancient) achi (mother goddess) kavu (grove). Irrespective of what may be the more authentic interpretation for Oorpazachi Kavu, it is the presence of this temple at Edakkad that imparts historical significance to the area.

During his tenure at Annamalai University Subrahmanya Sastri revived the defunct Sanskrit Honours course. His class lectures in Sanskrit or English used to be interspersed with parallels from Tamil literature. It is because of this, Mr. Thomas T. Burrow, a Sanskrit scholar from England (later Boden Professor of Sanskrit at the Oxford University and the joint author of the epoch making Dravidian Etymological Dictionary), took keen interest in attending his Sanskrit classes at Annamalai University.

Other common languages spoken, based on the size of their community, are Portuguese, German, Spanish, and French. In recent years, the government of Aruba has shown an increased interest in acknowledging the cultural and historical importance of Papiamento. Although spoken Papiamento is fairly similar among the several Papiamento-speaking islands, there is a big difference in written Papiamento. The orthography differs per island, with Aruba using etymological spelling, and Curaçao and Bonaire a phonetic spelling.

Within an Ancient Roman city, dwellings owned by aristocratic or wealthy people could be very extensive and luxurious. Such mansions on one hill in Rome became so extensive that the term palatial was derived from the name Palatine hill and is the etymological origin of "palace". Mansions of considerable size and state significance are called palaces. Renaissance villas such as Villa Rotonda near Vicenza were an inspiration for many later mansions, especially during the industrialisation.

In 1920 he returned to Europe, and from 1926 to 1941, he served as mayor of the town of Reigoldswil. The Malagasy millipede genus Zehntnerobolus commemorates his name,Review of the Spirobolida on Madagascar, with descriptions... by Thomas Wesener, Henrik Enghoff, Petra Sierwald as does taxa with the specific epithet of zehntneri,Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names by Urs Eggli, Leonard E. Newton an example being the cactus species Quiabentia zehntneri.

Oxford spelling uses the suffix ize alongside yse: organization, privatize and recognizable, instead of organisation, privatise and recognisable – alongside analyse, paralyse etc. The Oxford University Press states that the belief that ize is an exclusively North American variant is incorrect. The Oxford spelling affects about 200 verbs, and is favoured on etymological grounds, in that ize corresponds more closely to the Greek root, izo, of most ize verbs.Ritter, R. M. New Hart's Rules.

McCawley and MacCawley are surnames in the English language. The names are Anglicisations of several Gaelic-language surnames. There are several etymological origins for the names: all of which originated as patronyms in several Gaelic languages—Irish and Scottish Gaelic. Although the English- language surnames are ultimately derived from Gaelic patronyms, the English- language surnames, and the modern Gaelic-language forms do not refer to the actual name of the bearer's father or grandfather.

Exploring the Yorkshire Ouse (Countryside Productions: 1988) However the form Ouse is little changed from the eighth century. The York district was settled by Norwegian and Danish people, so parts of the place names could be old Norse. Referring to the etymological dictionary "Etymologisk ordbog", dealing with the common Danish and Norwegian languages - roots of words and the original meaning: Os - the mouth of a river. The old Norse wording oss, gradation form ouso.

Lord Vishnu took the form of Beauty Mohini and distributed the Amrita (Ambrosia, Elixir) to Devas. When Rahu (snake dragon) tried to steal the Amrita, his head was cut off Amrita (, IAST: amṛta), Amrit or Amata (also called Sudha, Amiy, Ami) literally means "immortality" and is often referred to in ancient Indian texts as nectar, ambrosiaWalter W. Skeat, Etymological English Dictionary and carries the same meaning."Ambrosia" in Chambers's Encyclopædia. London: George Newnes, 1961, Vol.

In 1948 he earned a doctorate at the University of Basel. His thesis, Collective suffixes and the concept of collectivity in French, under the direction of eminent romanist Walther von Wartburg. He became a disciple of von Wartburg and one of his principal collaborators on his Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (French Etymological Dictionary), which reached twenty-five volumes. Being a Swiss citizen like his teacher, Baldinger was able to cross the borders of the Cold War.

Electrum, a rare alloy of gold and silver, was used by Tertullian as an example of a tertium quid, by which he meant a mixture with composite properties. Tertium quid refers to an unidentified third element that is in combination with two known ones."Tertium quid", Online Etymological Dictionary The phrase is associated with alchemy. It is Latin for "third something" (literally, "third what"), a translation of the Greek triton ti (τρίτον τί).

However, ethnic Malays in Sarawak have always used the term "pusak" for cats (cognate with Filipino pusa), instead of the standard Malay word "kucing". Despite this etymological discrepancy, Sarawakians have adopted the animal as a symbol of their city. Some source also stated that it was derived from a fruit called "mata kucing" (Euphoria malaiense),Mata Kucing is similar to that of Longan fruit. a fruit that grows widely in Malaysia and Indonesia.

The name is of uncertain etymology. According to R. S. P. Beekes, "[t]he suffix [-ισσος] clearly points to a Pre-Greek word."R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 997. The word narcissus has come to be used for the daffodil, but there is no clarity on whether the flower is named for the myth, or the myth for the flower, or if there is any true connection at all.

The 16th/17th century French anatomist Jean Riolan the Younger gives a rather hilarious etymological explanation, as he writes: quia crepitus, qui per sedimentum exeunt, ad is os allisi, cuculi vocis similitudinem effingunt (because the sound of the farts that leave the anus and dash against this bone, shows a likeness to the call of the cuckoo). The latter is not considered as potential candidate. Besides os cuculi, os caudae,Schreger, C.H.Th.(1805). Synonymia anatomica.

As a monarch of Ndongo and Matamba, her native name was Ngola Njinga. Ngola was the Ndongo name for the ruler and the etymological root of "Angola". In Portuguese, she was known as Rainha Nzinga/Zinga/Ginga (Queen Nzingha). According to the current Kimbundu orthography, her name is spelled Njinga Mbandi (the "j" is a voiced postalveolar fricative or "soft j" as in Portuguese and French, while the adjacent "n" is silent).

There is a less detailed (but extensive nonetheless) English language review of this process in Estraikh 1999. The first action formally undertaken by a government was in the Soviet Union in 1920, abolishing the separate etymological orthography for words of Semitic (i.e., Hebrew and Aramaic) origin. This was extended twelve years later with the elimination of the five separate final-form consonants (as indicated in the table below) which were, however, widely reintroduced in 1961.

An inhabitant of Albania and neighboring mountainous regions, especially an Albanian serving in the Turkish army.Merriam-Webster Unabridged – Arnaut ;Aslan: from Turkish Aslan, "lion". ;Astrakhan: from Astrakhan, Russia, which is from Tatar or Kazakh hadžitarkhan, or As-tarxan (tarkhan of As or Alans) Karakul sheep of Russian origin or a cloth with a pile resembling karakul.Merriam-Webster Online – AstrakhanVasmer's Etymological Dictionary – Astrakhan ;Atabeg: from Turkic atabeg, from ata, "a father" + beg "a prince".

The Chambers Dictionary (TCD) was first published by William and Robert Chambers as Chambers's English Dictionary in 1872. It was an expanded version of Chambers's Etymological Dictionary of 1867, compiled by James Donald. A second edition came out in 1898, and was followed in 1901 by a new compact edition called Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary.Words, wit and wisdom: 100 years of the Chambers dictionary, compiled by Ian Brookes, Jamie Nathan and Hazel Norris.

Persephone supervising Sisyphus in the Underworld, Attic black-figure amphora, 530 BC In Greek mythology, Tartarus (; , Tártaros)The word is of uncertain origin ("Tartarus". Online Etymological Dictionary). is the deep abyss that is used as a dungeon of torment and suffering for the wicked and as the prison for the Titans. Tartarus is the place where, according to Plato's Gorgias ( 400 BC), souls are judged after death and where the wicked received divine punishment.

Deemed a heresy or blasphemous by Israelites, the name Elahi would never be taken on as a personal name by adherents of the Jewish tradition. However, the personal name has been gradually popularized within Persian and Indo-Aryan cultural traditions. The name has appeared in Kurdish, Azeri, and Persian languages. With the arrival of Islam in the Subcontinent, the name migrated into South Asia adding to the etymological progression of the word.

The failure to recognize the historical and etymological role of these components often leads to misclassification and false etymology. A study of the earliest sources (the oracle bones script and the Zhou-dynasty bronze script) is often necessary for an understanding of the true composition and etymology of any particular character. Reconstructing Middle and Old Chinese phonology from the clues present in characters is part of Chinese historical linguistics. In Chinese, it is called Yinyunxue ().

It adds that the awnings were the huge dryers which tended the "gold nugget" and coffee. These awnings constructed of bamboo cane wax, the banks of the river to enjoy the sun and sea breeze. The vulgar dialogue was repeated every day and every moment, emerging from the supreme nature of our field men of the sister "the guabo" and "awnings" as etymological genesis of our history in which the river is essential irrefutable doublets .

The name of the ancient Berber tribes: Garamantes and Nasamonians are believed by some scholars to be related to the name Amon.Helene Hagan, The Shining Ones: An Etymological Essay on the Amazigh Roots of the Egyptian civilization, p. 42. In Awelimmiden Tuareg, the name Amanai is believed to have the meaning of "God". The Ancient Libyans may have worshipped the setting sun, which was personified by Amon, who was represented by the ram's horns.

In Middle Low German, amber was known as berne-, barn-, börnstēn (with etymological roots related to "burn" and to "stone"). The Low German term became dominant also in High German by the 18th century, thus modern German Bernstein besides Dutch barnsteen. In the Baltic languages, the Lithuanian term for amber is gintaras and the Latvian dzintars. These words, and the Slavic jantar and Hungarian gyanta ('resin'), are thought to originate from Phoenician jainitar ("sea-resin").

''''' is the name of a divine horse or bird, personification of the morning Sun, which is addressed in the Rigveda. He is invoked in the morning along with Agni, Ushas and the Asvins. Although the etymological origin is not certain, it has been suggested that the name is derived from dadhi meaning thickened milk and kri meaning to scatter. This scattering could attributed to the effect of the morning sun on dew or hoar frost.

The term "religion" originated from the Latin noun religio, that was nominalized from one of three verbs: relegere (to turn to constantly/observe conscientiously); religare (to bind oneself [back]); and reeligere (to choose again).McBrien, Richard P. Catholicism. New York: HarperCollins, 1994, p. 359. Because of these three different potential meanings, an etymological analysis alone does not resolve the ambiguity of defining religion, since each verb points to a different understanding of what religion is.

However, many other distinctions that had become equally superfluous were maintained, e.g. between s and soft c or between ai and ei. It is likely that etymology was the guiding factor here: the distinctions s/c and ai/ei reflect corresponding distinctions in the spelling of the underlying Latin words, whereas no such distinction exists in the case of eu/ue. This period also saw the development of some explicitly etymological spellings, e.g.

There are numerous etymological origins for the surnames Corrie and Currie,, which cited: , for the surnames "Corrie" and "Currie". but the family derives its surname from the lands of Corrie, in what is today the civil parish of Hutton and Corrie, in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. The place name is derived from the Gaelic coire, meaning "cauldron", which was used in place names to describe a circular valley on the side of a mountain.

A titus ("penis") with wings was a visual pun, since the word also referred to a type of bird.Scholiast on Persius, Satire 1.20; Adams, Latin Sexual Vocabulary, p. 32. Varro seems to have associated Titinus with the Titii, in an etymological collocation that included Titus Tatius, the royal Sabine contemporary of Romulus; the Curia Titia; or the tribus of the Titienses, one of the three original tribes of Rome.Palmer, "Mutinus Titinus," p. 190.

Thai Buddhist Mandapa or Mondop, Wat Phra Kaew, Bangkok In Burmese, the term mandat (), which has etymological origins in Pali maṇḍapa, is an open platform or pavilion from which people spray water to passers-by during the Buddhist festival Thingyan. In Indonesian, the mandapa is known as a pendopo (). Unusually, Indonesian pendopos are built mostly for Muslim communities. Many mosques follow the pendopo design, with a layered roof to resemble Mount Meru.

Gurion Joseph Hyman (January 9, 1925 - December 2, 2017) was a Canadian anthropologist, linguist, pharmacist, composer, artist and translator. Primary contributions have been (a) liturgical compositions for the Passover Haggadah and Sabbath prayer service, (b) translations into English as well as the setting to music of several internationally acclaimed Yiddish poets, (c) an (ongoing) project to write an etymological dictionary of Yiddish, and (d) proprietor of the second branch of Hyman's Book and Art Shoppe.

English philologist Walter William Skeat proposed an etymological origin in a term for "Woodpecker" citing the Old Dutch term biewolf for the bird. Skeat states that the black woodpecker is common in Norway and Sweden and further reasons that the "indominatable nature" and that the "bird fights to the death" could have potentially influenced the choice of the name.Skaet, Walter William. (1877) "The Name Beowulf" from The Academy 24 February 1877, p. 163.

Also known as bolyar; variants in other languages include or ; ; ; , ; and . The title Boila is predecessor or old form of the title Bolyar (the Bulgarian word for Boyar). Boila was a title worn by some of the Bulgar aristocrats (mostly of regional governors and noble warriors) in the First Bulgarian Empire (681–1018). The plural form of boila ("noble"), bolyare is attested in Bulgar inscriptionsBulgarian Etymological Dictionary, Volume I, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences publishing house, 1971, p.

The Highland Fling is a solo Highland dance that gained popularity in the early 19th century. The word 'Fling' means literally a movement in dancing. In John Jamieson's Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language, 1808, the Highland Fling was defined as 'one species of movement' in dancing, not as one particular movement. There is some speculation that the first solo Highland Fling dances simply showed off steps that individual dancers preferred in the Strathspey Reel, a social dance.

Poch board (from a Nuremberg toy sample book of the 19th century) Poch board (ditto) Poch, Pochen or Pochspiel () is a very old card game that is considered one of the forerunners of poker, a game that developed in America in the 19th century. An etymological relationship between the game names is also assumed. Games related to Poch are the French Glic and Nain Jaune and the English Pope Joan.Pope Joan, description of the game by David Parlett.

She indeed might have been the de facto solar deity of the Celts. The Welsh Olwen has at times been considered a vestige of the local sun goddess, in part due to the possible etymological associationSimon Andrew Stirling, The Grail: Relic of an Ancient Religion, 2015 with the wheel and the colours gold, white and red. Brighid has at times been argued as having had a solar nature, fitting her role as a goddess of fire and light.

Calca- drawn from the Italian verb calcare, which means "to press down" and -mano (IT) meaning "hand".Etymological DictionaryLes Langues dans le monde ancien et moderne, Volume 1 - Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 1981 The idea was to refer to the foreigner, probably of Italian origin (whence mano, vs. Portuguese mão), of pressing down on the scales when weighing goods in the dry goods or grocery store. It is a way of calling the vendor a cheat.

There is evidence that a similar belief existed among ancient Vedic scholars. In modern days, this fallacy can be found in some arguments of language purists. Not every change in meaning leads to an etymological fallacy, but such changes are frequently the basis of inaccurate arguments. An example of a word which has greatly changed its meaning is decimation, which originally referred to reduction by a tenth, but now usually means a drastic reduction or complete destruction.

Many of them have been further investigated and developed by A. Ross Eckler, Jr.; Philip M. Cohen; members of the National Puzzlers' League; and others. Other claims made by the book have been challenged and debunked. Of note is a 2003 study by Darryl Francis which investigated Borgmann's assertion that the name "Torpenhow Hill" is a quadruple etymological tautology. It concluded not only that Borgmann's etymology may be incorrect, but also that the hill does not even exist.

The name 'Qin' is believed to be the etymological ancestor of the modern-day European name of the country, China. The word probably made its way into the Indo-Aryan languages first as 'Cina' or 'Sina' and then into Greek and Latin as 'Sinai' or 'Thinai'. It was then transliterated into English and French as 'China' and 'Chine'. This etymology is dismissed by some scholars, who suggest that 'Sina' in Sanskrit evolved much earlier before the Qin dynasty.

1, 1: Cyclopaedia of collectors In 1932 he was appointed professor of botany and director of the botanical garden at the University of Halle, and in 1946, he became a professor of botany and general biology at the University of Mainz.Thibaut - Zycha, Volume 10 by K. G. Saur Verlag GmbH & Company, Walter De Gruyter Incorporated Some plants with the specific epithet of trollii honor his name,Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names by Urs Eggli, Leonard E. Newton.

Combined with the earlier naming of Walter William Skeat, editor of the Etymological English Dictionary, the board could claim it had the three top English language dictionaries from both the United States and United Kingdom on its side."President Surprised Even Simple Spellers; Prof. Brander Matthews Didn't Expect Executive Aid. Lexicographers In Line Editors of Leading Dictionaries Here and in England Favor the Proposed Reform", The New York Times, August 28, 1906. Accessed August 28, 2008.

The word 'bloodhound' is recorded from c. 1330. Most recent accounts say that its etymological meaning is 'hound of pure or noble blood'. This derives from an original suggestion of Le Couteulx de Canteleu in the 19th century, which has been enthusiastically and uncritically espoused by later writers, perhaps because it absolved this undoubtedly good-natured dog from suggestions of bloodthirstiness. Neither Le Couteulx nor anyone since has offered any historical evidence to support this view.

Sága records while Odin dictates in an illustration (1919) by Robert Engels. John Lindow says that due to similarity between Sökkvabekkr and Fensalir, "Odin's open drinking with Sága", and the potential etymological basis for Sága being a seeress has "led most scholars to understand Sága as another name for Frigg."Lindow (2001:265). Stephan Grundy states that the words Sága and Sökkvabekkr may be by-forms of Frigg and Fensalir, respectively, used for the purpose of composing alliterative verse.

Furthermore, he wrote: "We must therefore conclude that we are not anarchists, and that those who call us anarchists are not on firm etymological ground, and are being completely unhistorical. On the other hand, it is clear that we are not archists either: we do not believe in establishing a tyrannical central authority that will coerce the noninvasive as well as the invasive. Perhaps, then, we could call ourselves by a new name: nonarchist".Rothbard, Murray (4 January 2008).

Etymological conclusions Geardton (Old English field) or Geirrton (Old Norse spear) or Garton (Old English spear, weapon), all omit the S. S is used in Modern English to suggest plural and possessive. Nouns, noun phrases and some pronouns generally form a possessive with the suffix 's'. This form, is sometimes called the Saxon genitive, reflecting the suffix's derivation from a genitive case ending in Old English (Anglo-Saxon; a clitic). This suggests at least two possible roots.

It is said that in the Spanish Era, some Spanish soldiers came upon a quiet lagoon and wanting to know its name for surveying purposes enquired such from a man husking coconuts by the lakeshore. As is common to many Philippine etymological myths, the man misunderstood the foreign soldiers as asking for the name of the coconut husk, and replied in Tagalog Bunót. The Spaniards left muttering the word, thinking that it was the name of the lake.

This can be a particular problem with very long words, and with narrow columns in newspapers. Word processing has automated the process of justification, making syllabification of shorter words often unnecessary. In some languages, the spoken syllables are also the basis of syllabification in writing. However, possibly due to the weak correspondence between sounds and letters in the spelling of modern English, written syllabification in English is based mostly on etymological or morphological instead of phonetic principles.

The etymological origin of the word transduction has been attested since the 17th century (during the flourishing of New Latin, Latin vocabulary words used in scholarly and scientific contexts) from the Latin noun transductionem, derived from transducere/traducere "to change over, convert," a verb which itself originally meant "to lead along or across, transfer," from trans- "across" + ducere "to lead." The verb form of this term in English, transduce, was created by back-formation in the 20th century.

In some cases, the surnames are derived from the Scottish Gaelic MacAmhalghaidh, and Irish Mac Amhalghaidh.. These Gaelic surnames translates into English as "son of Amhalghaidh", which is a transcription of: . or "son of Amhalghadh". The Gaelic surnames originated as a patronyms, however they are no longer used to refer to the actual names of the bearers' fathers. The personal name Amhalghaidh (also spelt Amhalghadh) is an old Gaelic name, and its etymological origin and meaning are uncertain.

Moscow, 1978, pp. 59–68. criticized Az i Ya, characterizing Suleymenov's etymological and paleography conjectures as amateurish. Linguists such as Zaliznyak pointed out that certain linguistic elements in Slovo dated from the 15th or 16th centuries, when the copy of the original manuscript (or of a copy) had been made. They noted this was a normal feature of copied documents, as copyists introduce elements of their own orthography and grammar, as is known from many other manuscripts.

In 1982 Salibi finalised his book, The Bible Came from Arabia, during the Israeli invasion of Lebanon.Segev,2011 It was translated into German at the same time as the original English version was being published in London. Salibi wrote subsequent works on biblical issues using the same etymological and geographic methodology. Some of his books are today considered classics, notably A House of Many Mansions: The History of Lebanon Reconsidered (1988) and The Modern History of Jordan (1993).

Despite its etymological origins being uncertain, the contentious territory of Kashmir may have gotten its name from Kashyapa Rishi. According to Christopher Snedden, the name Kashmir could have been a shortened form of "Kashyapa Mir", or the "lake of the sage Kashyapa". Alternatively, it may come from a Kashmiri or Sanskrit term that means "to dry up water". It could also have been derived from the term "Kashyapa Meru", which means the sacred mountains of Kashyapa.

In a surprising number of unrelated languages, the etymological meaning of the term for pupil is "little person". This is true, for example, of the word pupil itself: this comes into English from Latin pūpilla, which means "doll, girl", and is a diminutive form of pupa, "girl". (The double meaning in Latin is preserved in English, where pupil means both "schoolchild" and "dark central portion of the eye within the iris".)"pupil, n.2.", Oxford English Dictionary Online, 3rd.

The blue waved fess shows a water amount and interprets the name of Schwalldorf, that shall derive from a well. On the area of the village, however, there isn't any water. Another theory, which is more folk- etymological is represented by the blue swallow (German: Schwalbe) above the fess. Due to the fact, that the village is a Frankish-Alemannic village the most likely theory is, that the village name derives from an Alemannic clan ruler named "Swalo".

The Even-Shoshan Dictionary is written fully vowelized, and not just in ktiv maleh, because ktiv maleh may change the meaning slightly. For example, in the word "להניח" ('lehaniach'), if the ה ('heh') has a patach under it, it means "to cause rest;" while if it has a kamatz under it, it means "to place."Orach Chaim 25:7. The dictionary contains over 70,000 words and includes etymological information, displaying roots and Aramaic, Akkadian, Arabic or Ugaritic cognates.

The words below are categorised based on their relationship: cognates, false cognates, false friends, and modern loanwords. Cognates are words that have a common etymological origin. False cognates are words in different languages that seem to be cognates because they look similar and may even have similar meanings, but which do not share a common ancestor. False friends do share a common ancestor, but even though they look alike or sound similar, they differ significantly in meaning.

In that poem the Sphinx triumphs over Oedipus. In a Freudian interpretation, it has been argued that the Sphinx represents the castrating effect of Moreau's mother that he has seeking to escape. At the time the painting was created, Moreau's father had recently died. By contrast, Henri Dorra has suggested that the poses of the sphinx and Oedipus are derived from the Greek etymological meaning of the word sphinx, which is to clutch, embrace, or cling to.

In Norse mythology, Njörun (Old Norse: Njǫrun, sometimes modernly anglicized as Niorun) is a goddess attested in the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson, and various kennings (including once in the Poetic Edda). Scholarly theories concerning her name and function in the pantheon include etymological connections to the Norse god Njörðr and the Roman goddess Nerio, and suggestions that she may represent the earth or be the unnamed sister-wife of Njörðr.

Dupont, variously styled as DuPont, duPont, Du Pont, or du Pont is a French surname meaning "of the bridge", historically indicating that the holder of the surname resided near a bridge.Henry Harrison, Surnames of the United Kingdom: A Concise Etymological Dictionary (1969), p. 320. , the name was the fourth most popular surname in Belgium,Noms de famille les plus fréquents en 2008 – Belgique et Régions (Top 100) . and , it was the 26th most popular in France.

Lucifer is a name frequently given to Satan in Christian belief. This usage stems from a particular interpretation, as a reference to a fallen angel, of a passage in the Bible () that speaks of someone who is given the name of "Day Star" or "Morning Star" (in Latin, Lucifer) as fallen from heaven. The Greek etymological synonym of Lucifer, Φωσφόρος (Phosphoros, "light-bearer"). is used of the morning star in and elsewhere with no reference to Satan.

Nicolae Iorga called the dictionary "a monument of labour and intelligence".Rizescu, p.10–11, 166-169 His work is considered seminal in the fields of grammar and etymology -- Eugenio Coşeriu regarded Tiktin as a precursor of structural syntax, and Marius Sala considers that Tiktin created a method in the etymological research.Golopenţia Iorgu Iordan considers that his work, though not very sizeable, has a "definitive character, in the sense that following research did not challenge its essence".

There he participated in the Chicago Assyrian Dictionary project under professor A. Leo Oppenheim, focusing on etymological references. Salonen received his PhD in 1950. From 1949 to 1978 he held the position of associate professor of Assyrian and Semitic Philology at the University of Helsinki. His research interests focused on the material culture and everyday life of Mesopotamia, such as its watercraft, vehicles and doors; a large part of his work consists of thematic glossaries of specialized terminology.

The name Drottningholm (literally meaning "Queen's islet") came from the original renaissance building designed by Willem Boy, a stone palace built by John III of Sweden in 1580 for his queen, Catherine Jagellon. This palace was preceded by a royal mansion called Torvesund.Page 61 of the Swedish Etymological Dictionary of Svenskt ortnamnslexikon, published 2003 by the institute of Språk- och folkminnesinstitutet, Uppsala. The latter part "sund" means sound, and "torve" has to do with fishing (a prehistoric Swedish word).

Located on the ancient trade route "strata coloniensis" the Lotharingian hamlet of Medamana (engl. between the streams, which bears an etymological similarity to the origins of the name for the Northern Italian city of Milan (lat. Mediolanum)) first appeared in the charter of the last Carolingian King, Louis the Child, 904 AD, thus existing "officially" for more than 1100 years. In 1363 Mettmann was one of eight administrative burghs in the Earldom of Berg and Jülich.

In general, spectacle refers to an event that is memorable for the appearance it creates. Derived in Middle English from c. 1340 as "specially prepared or arranged display" it was borrowed from Old French spectacle, itself a reflection of the Latin spectaculum "a show" from spectare "to view, watch" frequentative form of specere "to look at."Online Etymological Dictionary The word spectacle has also been a term of art in theater dating from the 17th century in English drama.

In such cases, the œ is classically pronounced , or, sometimes, in modern pronunciation, . In some words, like ' and ', the etymological œ is changed to a more French é. In French placenames of German origin (mostly in and around Alsace-Lorraine, historically Germanic-speaking areas that have changed hands between France and Germany (or Prussia before 1871) a number of times), œ replaces German ö and is pronounced . Examples include Schœneck (Moselle), Kœtzingue (Haut-Rhin), and Hœrdt (Bas-Rhin).

Cioculescu, pp.41–46; Vianu, p.185 A predilect victim was the nationalist scholar and Caragiale critic Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu, his life's work of gathering etymological data ridiculed as "the Magnum Mophtologicum".Cioculescu, pp.64–65 Also featured were Caragiale's first jibes against the Symbolist movement, including lampoons of Bacalbașa's former patron, Alexandru Macedonski.Cioculescu, pp.63–64, 134–135 Lastly, Moftul Român taunted some Junimist colleagues, including Maiorescu—whom it depicted as a libertine and a seducer of schoolgirls.

The English noun tyrant appears in Middle English use, via Old French, from the 1290s. The word derives from Latin tyrannus, meaning "illegitimate ruler", and this in turn from the Greek tyrannos "monarch, ruler of a polis"; tyrannos in its turn has a Pre-Greek origin, perhaps from Lydian.R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, pp. 1519–20. The final -t arises in Old French by association with the present participles in -ant.

If Aristotle, the very philosopher of the logos, could produce such a word without serious intent, there probably was at that time no anthropology identifiable under that name. The lack of any ancient denotation of anthropology, however, is not an etymological problem. Liddell and Scott list 170 Greek compounds ending in –logia, enough to justify its later use as a productive suffix. The ancient Greeks often used suffixes in forming compounds that had no independent variant.

The etymological dictionaries are united in attributing –logia to logos, from legein, "to collect". The thing collected is primarily ideas, especially in speech. The American Heritage Dictionary says: "(It is one of) derivatives independently built to logos." Its morphological type is that of an abstract noun: log-os > log-ia (a "qualitative abstract") The Renaissance origin of the name of anthropology does not exclude the possibility that ancient authors presented anthropogical material under another name (see below).

Oxford University Press. . For the derivation of moscheta from Arabic sajada see "mesquita, n.". OED Online. December 2011. Oxford University Press. . For the probable origin of "sajada" from Aramaic, and the meanings of sajada and masjid in Arabic, see "masjid, n.". OED Online. December 2011. Oxford University Press. . For the inclusion of Spanish mesquita, possible derivation from Nabataean masgĕdhā́, and the Aramaic sĕghēdh, see Klein, E., A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language (Elsevier Publishing, 1966), p. 1007.

Mitchell or Mitchel is an English and Scottish surname with two etymological origins. In some cases the name is derived from the Middle English and Old French (and Norman French) name ', a vernacular form of the name Michael. The personal name Michael is ultimately derived from a Hebrew name, meaning "Who is like God".. This webpage cites . In other cases the surname Mitchell is derived from the Middle English (Saxon and Anglian) words ', ', and ', meaning "big".

Weekley in 1935 Ernest Weekley (27 April 1865 – 7 May 1954) was a British philologist, best known as the author of a number of works on etymology. His An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English (1921; 850 pages) has been cited as a source by most authors of similar books over the 90 years since it was published. From 1898 to 1938, he was Professor of Modern Languages at the University of Nottingham. He married Frieda von Richthofen in 1899.

Tome IV (livr. 6). Imprimerie de Petitpierre, Neuchatel 53-108 In 1836, Agassiz identified closely related fossils at Monte Bolca (an important fossil site in Europe) as Enoplosus pygopterus (named for its smaller fins).Pygon+pteron. George Roberts, An etymological and explanatory dictionary of the terms and language of geology Exceptionally well-preserved fossils show the basic body plan and even the zebra pattern of colouring have not changed significantly over the last 50 million years.

Jetsam designates any cargo that is intentionally discarded from a ship or wreckage. Legally jetsam also floats, although floating is not part of the etymological meaning. Generally, "jettisoning" connotes the action of throwing goods overboard to lighten the load of the ship if it is in danger of sinking. Per maritime law, one who discovers these artifacts is not required to return them to their rightful owner except in the case that the latter makes a legally abiding claim.

Further discussion under Christian transformation below. The 7th-century Synodus Hibernensis offers an etymological explanation: "This word ‘viaticum’ is the name of communion, that is to say, ‘the guardianship of the way,’ for it guards the soul until it shall stand before the judgment-seat of Christ."Synodus Hibernensis (preserved in the 8th-century Collectio canonum Hibernensis), book 2, chapter 16 (p. 20 in the edition of Wasserschleben), cited in Smith, A Dictionary of Christian Antiquities, p. 2014.

Pottoka is the Basque language name for this horse, both north and south of the mountains. In Upper Navarrese, potto and pottoka are generic terms for colts and young horses whereas in Lapurdian and Lower Navarrese the meaning of pottoka is "pony".Trask, L. Etymological Dictionary of Basque, edited for web publication by Max Wheeler, University of Sussex 2008 Ultimately the name is linked to words such as pottolo "chubby, tubby". In French sources, the spelling Pottok predominates.

Department of Statistics (Tbilisi, 2008), Statistical Yearbook of Georgia: 2007, p. 12. It flows through the small towns Lentekhi and Tsageri and joins the Rioni near the town of Samtredia. The main tributaries of Tskhenistskali are: Zsekho, Kheleldula, Janolula ( from the right ), Kobishuri, Leuseri, Khopuri (from the left). From etymological standpoint the name is derived from the Georgian words ცხენი (Cxeni, "horse") and წყალი (Tsqali, "water"), thereby meaning "horse water" or perhaps more precisely "horse river".

A rare instance of a Quechua word being taken into general Spanish use is given by carpa for "tent" (Quechua karpa).Edward A. Roberts, A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language..., 2014. The Quechua influence on Latin American Spanish includes such borrowings as papa "potato", chuchaqui "hangover" in Ecuador, and diverse borrowings for "altitude sickness": suruqch'i in Bolivia, sorojchi in Ecuador, and soroche in Peru. In Bolivia, particularly, Quechua words are used extensively even by non-Quechua speakers.

The name of the Palace, Comares, has led to various etymological research. For instance, Diego de Guadix wrote a dictionary about Arabic words in which it is said that Comares originally comes from cun and ari. The first term means stand up and the second one look, in other words it would have meant Stand up and look around or possibly Open your eyes and see, which is a way of referring the beauty of the place.Guadix 2005: p.

He was a member of the advisory board of American Speech. He wrote "Welsh Naming Practices, with a Comparative Look at the Cornish" in the journal Names, in 1981. At the time of his deathNew York Times obituary (he was struck by a car while crossing a street in Yonkers, New York) he was working on a 30-year-long project to compile the first etymological dictionary of Welsh. Robert Fowkes was given a Festschrift by WORD (April 1980).

The mythological origin of his name is that he was given it by the tide woman. A etymological relation in Tlingit is to the verb “Yéil” which denotes trickery, lies, and mimicry. In Tlingit culture, there are two different raven characters which can be identified, although they are not always clearly differentiated. One is the creator raven, responsible for bringing the world into being and who is sometimes considered to be the individual who brought light to the darkness.

In this last field the standardisation of affixes, the updating of the use of the hyphen and specific changes, for etymological reasons, in accenting and writing are worthy of note. The DIEC has been further extended in the field of nomenclature and in the content of the articles. As for the lexicon, it has mostly expanded in the fields of science and technology and in dialectal words and slang. There are 30 more thematic areas than in its predecessor.

The village name of Fingest comes from the Anglo Saxon name Thinghurst, meaning 'wooded hill where assemblies are made'. In the 16th century the name is recorded as Thingest and then Fingest. Although the early name is the etymological root of both 'Tinghurst' and 'Fingest', the latter doesn't follow the former by any normal linguistic line. The ancient parish of Fingest included Cadmore End to the north of the village, which became a separate ecclesiastical parish in 1852.

In The Concept of Injustice, Heinze examines what he calls the 'classical' style of justice theory, running from Plato to Rawls. Classical justice theorists, Heinze argues, depart from notions of 'injustice' on the seemingly obvious assumption that 'justice' and 'injustice' are logical opposites. For Heinze, 'injustice', in ancient and modern Western languages, is a sheer etymological happenstance. 'Justice' and 'injustice' do appear as opposites within conventional, already pre-defined contexts, in which certain norms are uncritically assumed.

Etymological Dictionary of the Finnish Language (or Suomen kielen etymologinen sanakirja) was started in the 1950s and completed in the 1980s. Its seven volumes have a total of 2293 pages. The first two parts of the work were published in 1955 by Professor YH Toivonen and the next part in 1958 by Erkki Itkonen. Then, the project was stopped for twenty years, until its fifth part appeared in 1975, and in a short time the rest of the parts.

Galfrid or Galfred (Latinised as ''''' or ''''') is an Anglo-Norman variant of the name Geoffrey. It derives, like German Gottfried (Latinised as ' or ', Anglicised as Godfrey), from Old High German ', Old French ', and Old Norse ', meaning 'God's peace' or 'good protection', depending upon etymological interpretation. Variants, also used as synonymous with Gottfried, include Italian ' and Middle French ' (Latin ). The name is etymologically unrelated to, but was historically used interchangeably with, Welsh ' or ' (anglicized as Griffith) in Wales.

The word hudo is derived from the Urdu word howdah, which is the covered carriage on elephants. The word is attributed to Robert Baden-Powell, who introduced it into Scouting jargon, together with other words such as jamboree (Swahili) and oubaas (Afrikaans). Other popular etymological explanations include the acronym of houd uw darmen open (the Dutch parallel to "kybo", "keep your bowels open"), and the contraction of hurkdoos (Dutch for "squat loo"). The validity of these explanations is questioned.

Handwritten alphabet for Ukrainian, in one of the nineteenth- century orthographies. From Taras Shevchenko's Bukvar’ Yuzhnorusskii (South- Russian Primer), 1861. In reaction to the hard-to-learn etymological alphabets, several reforms attempted to introduce a phonemic Ukrainian orthography during the nineteenth century, based on the example of Vuk Karadžić's Serbian Cyrillic. These included Oleksiy Pavlovskiy's Grammar, Panteleimon Kulish's Kulishivka, the Drahomanivka promoted by Mykhailo Drahomanov, and Yevhen Zhelekhivsky's Zhelekhivka, which standardized the letters ї (ji) and ґ (g).

The Ukrainian letter ge ґ, and the phonetic combinations ль, льо, ля were eliminated, and Russian etymological forms were reintroduced (for example, the use of -іа- in place of -ія-). An official orthography was published in Kyiv in 1936, with revisions in 1945 and 1960. This orthography is sometimes called Postyshivka, after Pavel Postyshev, Stalin's official who oversaw the dismantling of Ukrainization. In the meantime, the Skrypnykivka continued to be used by Ukrainians in Galicia and the worldwide diaspora.

Homer's motivation may be due to his penchant for finding etymological significance in proper names: i.e., he derived Ἄβιοι from alpha-privative plus βία ("without violence"), a suitable name for those he calls in the same passage "the justest of men."Reece, Steve,"The Ἄβιοι and the Γάβιοι: An Aeschylean Solution to a Homeric Problem," American Journal of Philology An_Aeschylean_Solution_to_a_Homeric_Problem 122 (2001) 465-470. If this is correct, the name Abii was derived exclusively from Homer.

He pinned small thorns into starfish larvae and noticed unusual cells surrounding the thorns. This was the active response of the body trying to maintain its integrity. It was Mechnikov who first observed the phenomenon of phagocytosis, in which the body defends itself against a foreign body. Prior to the designation of immunity, from the etymological root immunis, which is Latin for "exempt", early physicians characterized organs that would later be proven as essential components of the immune system.

Joan Coromines (on the left) receiving the Gold Medal of the Generalitat of Catalonia from Josep Tarradellas (1980). Joan Coromines i Vigneaux (; also frequently spelled Joan Corominas;Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, by Joan Corominas [sic] and José A. Pascual, Editorial Gredos, 1989, Madrid, . Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain 1905 – Pineda de Mar, Catalonia, Spain, 1997) was a linguist who made important contributions to the study of Catalan, Spanish, and other Romance languages. His main works are the Diccionario crítico etimológico de la lengua castellana (1954-1957), in four volumes, first version of his etymological dictionary of Spanish (with an abridged version, Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana, first published in 1961); the Diccionari etimològic i complementari de la llengua catalana, which investigates the origin of most words in the Catalan language (9 volumes); the Onomasticon Cataloniae, documenting place and person names, old and new, in all the Catalan-speaking territories (8 volumes); and the Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, the most thorough etymological dictionary of Spanish extant today.

Supplement to the Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language: Volume Two by John Jamieson, Printed at the University Press for W. & C. Tait, 1825, . 156 In the Borders the name for this archetype was Gyre-Carling (with variants such as Gyre-Carlin, Gy-Carling, and Gay-Carlin).A Glossary of North Country Words, with Their Etymology, and Affinity to Other Languages: And Occasional Notices of Local Customs and Popular Superstitions by John Trotter Brockett, William Edward Brockett, E. Charnley, 1846, page 203 Gyre is possibly a cognate of the Norse word geri and thus has the meaning "greedy,"An Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language: Illustrating the Words in Their Different Significations by Examples from Ancient and Modern Writers, Volume One by John Jamieson, Printed at the University Press for W. Creech, 1808, p. 374 or it may be from the Norse gýgr meaning "ogress"; carling or carline is a Scots and Northern English word meaning "old woman" which is from, or related to, the Norse word kerling (of the same meaning).

The Etymologies is an etymological dictionary of the constructed Elvish languages, written during the 1930s by J. R. R. Tolkien. It was edited by Christopher Tolkien and published as the third part of The Lost Road and Other Writings, the fifth volume of the History of Middle-earth. Christopher Tolkien described it as "a remarkable document." It is a list of roots of the Proto- Elvish language, from which J. R. R. Tolkien built his many Elvish languages, especially Quenya, Noldorin and Ilkorin.

Dreyfuss tends to be found among those of German descent (stemming from the use of the long s (ſ) and ß (s sharp). Dreyfus(s) is a Jewish Ashkenazic surname derived from the town of Trier on the Moselle, known in French as Trèves, from a Celtic tribal name Treveri of uncertain etymology. The form of the surname has been altered by folk etymological association with modern German word dreifuss, meaning "tripod".Hanks and Hodges 'A Dictionary of Surnames' (Oxford) 1988.

In English, denotes the voiced bilabial stop , as in bib. In English, it is sometimes silent. This occurs particularly in words ending in , such as lamb and bomb, some of which originally had a /b/ sound, while some had the letter added by analogy (see Phonological history of English consonant clusters). The in debt, doubt, subtle, and related words was added in the 16th century as an etymological spelling, intended to make the words more like their Latin originals (debitum, dubito, subtilis).

Nowadays, it has become the main script used for Tunisian Arabic, even in published books, but writing conventions for Tunisian Arabic are not standardized and can change from one book to another. In 2014, Ines Zribi et al. proposed a Conventional Orthography for Tunisian Arabic based on the principles of CODA as proposed in 2012. The orthography is based on eliminating phonological simplifications by comparing the words and structures of Tunisian Arabic by their correspondent etymological equivalent in Modern Standard Arabic.

Alexander Lubotsky was born in Moscow, Russian SFSR. He earned a PhD in linguistics in 1987, following a thesis on the "Nominal accentuation in Sanskrit and Indo-European" under the supervision of Robert S. P. Beekes. Since 1999, he has been a full professor of Comparative Indo-European Linguistics at Leiden University. He is the editor-in-chief of the Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary, and a member of the editorial board of Brill's studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics.

Anti-statist definitions place the focus of interest on the negation, and confrontation in the real word, of the state by anarchism. But as with the etymological definition, anarchism is much more than anti-statism, as it rejects all various forms of established authority. The association between anti-statism and anarchism is both commonly understood and contested. Anarchism, according to historian Peter Marshall, exists outside standards of political theory because its aims are not based on the struggle for power within the state.

Founded in 1834, Bronte began as a small fishing village at the mouth of Twelve Mile Creek. The name Bronte was chosen as a tribute to the British Naval hero, Horatio Nelson, who was made Duke of Bronte by King Ferdinand III of Sicily. Bronte's etymological root is the Greek word βροντή which means thunder. Some of Bronte's original settlers were United Empire Loyalists and many of the streets were named for these founding fathers: Sovereign, Hixon, Nelson and Belyea.

The Dindsenchas of Irish mythology give the physical origins, and etymological source of several bodies of water - in these myth poems the sources of rivers and lakes is sometimes given as being from magickal wells. Connla's Well is one of a number of wells in the Irish "Celtic Otherworld". It is also termed "The Well of Wisdom", or "The Well of Knowledge", and is the mythical source of the River Shannon. The epithet Connla's Well is known from the Dindsenchas.

The word is derived from the Old High German Bahho, meaning "buttock", "ham" or "side of bacon", and is cognate with the Old French bacon. It may also be distantly cognate with modern German Bauche, meaning "abdomen, belly". F. Kluge, Etymological dictionary of the German language s.v. Bauche. Meat from other animals, such as beef, lamb, chicken, goat, or turkey, may also be cut, cured, or otherwise prepared to resemble bacon, and may even be referred to as, for example, "turkey bacon".

As a sign of gratitude, people made pierogi from those crops for Saint Hyacinth. Another legend states that Saint Hyacinth fed the people with pierogi during a famine caused by an invasion by the Tatars in 1241. One source theorizes that in the 13th century, pierogi were brought to Polish territories by Hyacinth of Poland from the Far East (Asia) via eastern neighbors such as Kievan Rus'. None of these legends is supported by the etymological origin of the root pirŭ-.

By analyzing related languages with a technique known as the comparative method, linguists can make inferences, about their shared parent language and its vocabulary. In that way, word roots that can be traced all the way back to the origin of, for instance, the Indo-European language family have been found. Although originating in the philological tradition, much current etymological research is done in language families for which little or no early documentation is available, such as Uralic and Austronesian.

Born in Leningrad, Klimov graduated from the Leningrad State University in 1952. From 1954 onward, he worked for the Institute of Linguistics of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, becoming a professor there in 1988. He died in Moscow in 1997, leaving behind over 360 scholarly works and many projects uncompleted. One of them, Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages, a result of Klimov's lifetime research, was published in 1998 and remains the best work in the comparative linguistics of Kartvelian languages.

With respect to a set of orthographic issues, Illyrians endorsed the so-called etymological (also called morphonological) orthography, spelling words according to their morphology and etymology. This was opposed to the contemporary phonological orthography "write as you speak, and speak as you write"In original: Piši kao što govoriš, a čitaj kako je napisano! advocated by Vuk Stefanović Karadžić and his followers. Illyrians justified such spellings as being more comprehensible, easier to learn, and reflecting the orthographic practices of other Slavic peoples.

A judgement that soda is "of unknown origin" is very defensible today.The etymology of the word "soda" is discussed in depth in German in the article "Soda" by Arnald Steiger in journal Vox Romanica year 1937 pages 53-76 (with main conclusions on pages 73-76). A review in English that takes information from Arnald Steiger's article is English Words That Are Of Arabic Etymological Ancestry: Note #186, Soda. The name "sodium" was derived from soda in the early 19th century.

A term whose meaning is synonymous with eurotophobia is kolpophobia; however; the scope of kolpophobia can sometimes be broader, allowing for the inclusion of all sex organs. Although eurotophobia does not have an interlingual classical compound, kolpophobia has a Greek etymological derivation with the prefix kolpo meaning a fold that usually alludes to the vulva. Eurotophobia is a hyponym of genitophobia. On the other hand, the term vaginaphobia is used to denote fear of female genitals in the context of sexual orientation.

Holmes is an English-language surname with several origins. The name can be a variant of the surname Holme. This surname has several etymological origins: it can be derived from a name for someone who lived next to a holly tree, from the Middle English holm; it can also be derived from the Old English holm and Old Norse holmr.. This webpage cited: . Another origin of Holmes is from a placename near Dundonald, or else a place located in the barony of Inchestuir.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary EnglishChambers's Etymological Dictionary of the English Languagejaque in the Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language). These boots were made very heavy by the mail reinforcement and are slightly less so today from the use of modern materials as stiffeners. There are few manufacturers of cavalry jackboots extant in the 21st century, the most famous being Schnieder Boots of Mayfair, London, the official supplier to Her Majesty the Queen's Household Cavalry.

Lehmann retired as Louann and Larry Temple Centennial Professor Emeritus in the Humanities in 1986. Although having retired from teaching, he was still very active as a researcher at the Linguistics Research Center at the University of Texas at Austin, and continued to write books and articles. In 1986 Lehmann founded the journal Computers and Translation, now Machine Translation, of which he was the founding editor. His Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986) has been described as the best work ever published on Germanic etymology.

Zalishchyky's name, as well as its precursors Zalissia and Zalishche, derive from the Ukrainian word for the witch-hazel shrub (). The name is attributed to Zalishchyky's initial settlers. A common myth is that the name originated from "zalis", a compound of the Ukrainian words "за" (za) and "ліс" (lic), together meaning "behind (the) forest". Though, Hinterwalden, the name for a Saxon settlement on Zalishchyky, does indeed find its etymological roots in this idea, originating from the German "hinterwald" (also meaning, literally, "behind forest").

Pierre Lacam, Le Glacier classique et artistique en France et en Italie, Paris, 1893, , sur Gallica. A similar etymological theory was proposed by Joseph Favre in his book Dictionnaire universel de cuisine, which says that "plombière is a synonym for bombe, which is used to grind the ingredients of the dish".J. Favre, Dictionnaire universel de cuisine, Paris, tome IV, 1905, , sur Gallica. Other scholars have suggested that the dessert takes its name from the mold in which the cream is pressed.

'His etymological gropings are reminiscent of nineteenth century pseudo-science', Alan Howard, p.820 This lack of intimate linguistic knowledge caused him to make many errors in his review of Kwakiutl texts, and Holm found Goldman's conclusions both unconvincing and disturbing.Bill Holm, 'Review of The Mouth of Heaven,' pp.72-3 Philip Drucker ended his review by challenging Goldman's insistence that all aspects of the Kwakiutl lifeway were expressive of religious belief, and judged this approach preconceived, extremist and not believable.

Mong Mao, Möngmao (; ) or Mao kingdom (Mong is the etymological equivalent of Thai Mueang, meaning nation) was an ethnically Dai state that controlled several smaller Tai states or chieftainships along the frontier of what is now Myanmar, China, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh etc principally set in the Dehong region of Yunnan with a capital near the modern-day border town of Ruili. The name of the main river in this region is the Nam Mao, also known as the Shweli River.

An alternative etymology, illustrated by Jamieson by a quote from Sir Walter Scott, is that it referred to the untanned deer leather buskins worn by Highlanders, although Jamieson notes that Scott's source, John Elder of Caithness, actually stated its origin was from their habit of going "bare- legged and bare-footed".Jamieson (ed), Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language, v2, p.280 The term was not derogatory, as the English were in general impressed with the redshanks' qualities as soldiers.

The name "Mimram" is typically believed to be of Celtic origin. Rutherford Davis states "etymology unknown, but there is little reason to doubt it is Celtic". Etymological connections have been suggested by academic philologists with the River Mint in Westmorland and with North Mymms in south Hertfordshire. There have been suggestions of it being named after a Celtic deity, though no academic sources have been cited for this and the speculation likely stems from a comparison with etymology for the nearby River Beane.

Antoine Thomas (29 November 1857, Saint-Yrieix-la-Montagne – 17 May 1935, Paris) was a French linguist. He is known for his work with Adolphe Hatzfeld and Arsène Darmesteter, on the Dictionnaire général de la langue française du commencement du XVIIe siècle à nos jours, which was issued in parts from 1890 to 1900. He supplied etymological notes. From 1875 to 1878 he studied at the École des Chartes, afterwards spending several years associated with the École française de Rome.

Etymological theory recognizes that words originate through a limited number of basic mechanisms, the most important of which are language change, borrowing (i.e., the adoption of "loanwords" from other languages); word formation such as derivation and compounding; and onomatopoeia and sound symbolism (i.e., the creation of imitative words such as "click" or "grunt"). While the origin of newly emerged words is often more or less transparent, it tends to become obscured through time due to sound change or semantic change.

Though there is no etymological connection, Meredith has also been equated or associated with Merrick, Meyrick, and Moryce, "presumably on the basis of the 'Mer', although it is possible that Maurice was adopted as an approximation," according to Morgan and Morgan. Various forms of the name include Maredith, Maradyth, Merddith, Merydethe, Mredith, Maready, and Redith. The surname "Merediz", found in the northern coastal region of Spain, particularly Asturias, is derived from it. The surname is also found in Argentina and Mexico.

The term kango is usually identified with , a system of pronouncing Chinese characters in a way that at one point approximated the original Chinese. On'yomi is also known as the 'Sino-Japanese reading', and is opposed to under which Chinese characters are assigned to, and read as, native Japanese vocabulary. However, there are cases where the distinction between on'yomi and kun'yomi does not correspond to etymological origin. Chinese characters created in Japan, called , normally only have kun'yomi, but some kokuji do have on'yomi.

"Paz" is also a rough translation of the Hebrew first name Shlomo (שלמה), meaning Solomon. This translation coincided with the pre-existing Castilian Spanish Old Christian surname "Paz" described above, and was thus often assumed by Jewish-origin New Christians to obscure their Sephardi Jewish origin. In these cases, "Paz" is found among Spaniards and Hispanics of Sephardic Jewish lineage converted to Catholicism. With this same etymological history, the surname also exists as a Sephardic origin Portuguese surname among Portuguese people and Brazilians.

The language usage and labeling itself is a major theme and common occurrence in Epistemology of the Closet. The book proposes the argument that "homosexuality" is a loaded term. According to Sedgwick, this term "has always seemed to have at least some male bias –- whether because of the pun on Latin homo = man latent in its etymological macaronic, or simply because of the greater attention to men in the discourse surrounding it." (17) Like the term "homosexuality", the term "gay" produces mixed results.

James Legge) Needham and Wang (1956:134) suggest xian was cognate with wu "shamanic" dancing. Paper (1995:55) writes, "the function of the term xian in a line describing dancing may be to denote the height of the leaps. Since, "to live for a long time" has no etymological relation to xian, it may be a later accretion." The 121 CE Shuowen Jiezi, the first important dictionary of Chinese characters, does not enter except in the definition for ( "name of an ancient immortal").

The etymological origin of Lácara Cordobilla from Arabic, in association with the first settlements before the victory. His name is associated with the city of Córdoba, as the nearest town (Carmonita to 11 miles away. Later it was conquered by the Order of Santiago, and became a dependency of Mérida, a city near you. Assuming birth to the Muslim way of the Iberian Peninsula, would be under the mandate of the capital (current Badajoz) whose first caliph was Ibn Marwan al-Chilliqui.

18th-century lubok representing Russian skomorokhs. Belarusian skomorokhs as they appear in a 1555 German etching A skomorokh (скоморох in Russian, скоморохъ in Old East Slavic, скоморахъ in Church Slavonic) was a medieval East Slavic harlequin, or actor, who could also sing, dance, play musical instruments and compose for oral/musical and dramatic performances. The etymology of the word is not completely clear.Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary entry for skomorokh There are hypotheses that the word is derived from the Greek σκώμμαρχος (cf.

Ankuwa was an ancient Hattian and Hittite settlement in central Anatolia. Along with Hattusa and Katapa, Ankuwa was one of the capital cities from which the Hittite kings reigned. Traveling from Hattusa, the royal entourage would arrive at Imralla on the first night, Hobigassa on the second, and Ankuwa on the third. Ankuwa has been linked to present-day Ankara for etymological reasons, but Hittite sources have been discovered to place the settlement along the southern bend of the Kızılırmak River.

Generally, the term is a generic name for all types of distillates, and eventually came to refer specifically to distillates of alcoholic beverages (liquors).Scully, Terence (1995) The Art of Cookery in the Middle Ages, pg. 159, Aqua vitae was typically prepared by distilling wine; it was sometimes called "spirits of wine" in English texts, a name for brandy that had been repeatedly distilled. Aqua vitae was often an etymological source of terms applied to important locally produced distilled spirits.

Edgar Valter Saks Edgar Valter Saks (January 25, 1910 Tartu – April 11, 1984, Montreal) was an Estonian amateur historian and author. He was Estonian exile government's minister of education in exile from 1971 until his death. His book The Estonian Vikings: a Treatise on Finno-Ugric Viking Activities describes the ancient history of Estonians and other Finno-Ugric peoples living on the shores of the Baltic Sea. His etymological works provide information about hypothetical extensive prehistoric Estonian settlement in Northern Europe.

The word 'gig' in the term 'gig economy' is suggestive of short-term arrangements typical of a musical event. 'Gig' suggests an arrangement similar to musicians being booked for a gig at a particular venue. Such bookings typically have a specified time and won't be long term. As a result, there is no guarantee of repeat bookings, and sometimes no defined method of payment. Parallels exist between etymological meaning of the term related to the musicians’ tasks and the gig economy.

The name Raisio was originally given to its river, Raisionjoki. The earliest form of the river's name is Raisajoki, meaning "marsh/bog river", and etymological evidence of this can be seen in the Estonian word raisnik, meaning "peatland meadow". Another theory behind the etymology of the name Raisio is that it comes from the word raiskio, meaning a forest that's been damaged by poor foresting, because the Raisio landscape was changed due to sloughs and post-glacial rebound after the Ice Age.

The name Ľupča is derived from Slavic personal name with a root Ľub. Lipche/Lypche (Lipcse) are already Hungarized forms because of contemporary practice of the Royal Estate, however also these forms were sometimes again Slovakized in medieval documents (e.g. Lipcza). The etymological adjective "Nemecká" (German) Ľupča referenced to the ethnic composition of the town in the Middle Ages. After World War II it was changed to "Partizánska" (Partisan) Ľupča thanks to its active participation in the Slovak National Uprising.

Abulafia or Abolafia( ', ' or '; or ') is a Sephardi Jewish surname whose etymological origin is in the Spanish language. The family name, like many other Hispanic-origin Sephardic Jewish surnames, originated in Spain (Hebrew Sefarad) among Spanish Jews (Sephardim), at a time during when it was ruled as Al-Andalus by Arabic-speaking Moors. To this day, the romanized version of the surname is most commonly Abolafia. Other variations also exist, mostly in English transliterations, including Aboulafia, Abolafia, Abouelafia, Aboulafiya, Abulafiya, Aboulafiyya, Abolafiaetc.

The origin of the name of the town is not entirely clear. Although the folk etymology is that Buckie is named after a seashell (genus buccinum) the reality is that the shared marine background is a coincidence. The name Buckie would not have originally identified a place immediately adjacent to the sea, so alternative etymological sources are more likely. Unfortunately, in one of the earlier books on Scottish place names, Buckie on the Moray Firth does not receive a mention.

The National Assembly (; ) is the lower house of the bicameral French Parliament under the Fifth Republic, the upper house being the Senate (). The National Assembly's legislators are known as (; "delegate" or "envoy" in English; the word is an etymological cognate of the English word "deputy", which is the standard term for legislators in many parliamentary systems). There are 577 , each elected by a single-member constituency through a two- round voting system. Thus, 289 seats are required for a majority.

Additionally, per Dutch linguist R. S. P. Beekes, ángelos itself may be "an Oriental loan, like ἄγγαρος (ángaros, 'Persian mounted courier')."Beekes, R. S. P., Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 9. The rendering of "ángelos" is the Septuagint's default translation of the Biblical Hebrew term malʼākh, denoting simply "messenger" without connoting its nature. In the Latin Vulgate, this meaning becomes bifurcated: when malʼākh or ángelos is supposed to denote a human messenger, words like nuntius or legatus are applied.

In 1981, he was invited by France Bezlaj to work on the project Etimološki slovar slovenskega jezika (Slovenian Etymological Dictionary). He contributed a considerable number of the entries, especially in the third (1995) and fourth volumes (2005), as well as most of the work for the final, fifth volume Kazala (Indices) (2007). His work for the third volume was awarded the Gold Medal of the Scientific Research Institute of the Academy of Sciences.Bezlaj, France; Snoj, Marko; Furlan, Metka; Klemenčič, Simona (1976—2007).

The Irish Sanas Cormaic 'Cormac's Glossary' is Europe's first etymological and encyclopedic dictionary in any non-Classical language. The Modistae or "speculative grammarians" in the 13th century introduced the notion of universal grammar. In De vulgari eloquentia ("On the Eloquence of Vernacular"), Dante expanded the scope of linguistic enquiry from Latin/Greek to include the languages of the day. Other linguistic works of the same period concerning the vernaculars include the First Grammatical Treatise (Icelandic) or the Auraicept na n-Éces (Irish).

Différance is the observation that the meanings of words come from their synchrony with other words within the language and their diachrony between contemporary and historical definitions of a word. Understanding language, according to Derrida, requires an understanding of both viewpoints of linguistic analysis. The focus on diachrony has led to accusations against Derrida of engaging in the etymological fallacy. There is one statement by Derrida—in an essay on Rousseau in Of Grammatology—which has been of great interest to his opponents.

The family name may be derived from several etymological possibilities. The name is presumed to have been derived from Musgrave, Mewsgrave, or Musgreave: "the keeper of the king's hawks, or the king's equerry." Another possibility is the Anglo Saxon mus for "mouse" and grav for "mossy plain". The historian William Camden said that they gained their name from the village of Great Musgrave, where they settled, but Arthur Collins suggested that the name was a variation of the title margrave, meaning march-warden.

Elegy Written in a Country Church-Yard, illustration by William Blake. The Greek term elegeia (; from , elegos, "lament")According to R. S. P. Beekes: "The word is probably Pre-Greek" (Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 404). originally referred to any verse written in elegiac couplets and covering a wide range of subject matter (death, love, war). The term also included epitaphs, sad and mournful songs,Nagy G. "Ancient Greek elegy" in The Oxford Handbook of the Elegy, ed.

Sandy Hook is an unincorporated community in Goochland County, Virginia, United States. Sandy Hook is located on U.S. Route 522 north-northwest of Goochland. Sandy Hook has a post office with ZIP code 23153.ZIP Code Lookup One version of the etymological history of the name "Sandy Hook" has it that at a prominent local bend on Route 522 (opposite what is now "Wood's Store", and probably before the road was surfaced), heavy rain would leave a silty, sandy residue on the road.

This etymological confusion has produced taxonomic confusion, as well. Some authorities actually proclaimed uncertainty whether the geier is a vulture or an eagle, and older dictionaries used the terms “geier”, “gyrfalcon” and “lammergeier”, almost interchangeably, e.g. Webster's 1913 Dictionary. Poets and others often assumed that the term geier refers to a form of eagle or falcon, rather than a vulture, a matter that was commented upon in the article by Harriet C. Stanton, Poets and Birds: a Criticism, The Atlantic monthly.

Young feminist voices were heard through multiple protests, actions, and events such as the formative opening night of the International Pop Underground Convention and later L7's Rock for Choice. Uses and meanings of the term "riot grrrl" developed slowly over time, but its etymological origins can be traced to the actual Mount Pleasant race riots in spring 1991. Bratmobile member Jen Smith (later of Rastro! and the Quails), used the phrase "girl riot" in a letter to Allison Wolfe.

Upon his death a number of lexicographical works remained unpublished, of which an English etymological dictionary was published posthumously. Samuel Johnson's Dictionary used two main sources for its Teutonic etymologies: Junius's Etymologicum Anglicanum (in a posthumous edition edited by Edward Lye) and Stephen Skinner's Etymologicon Linguæ Anglicanæ. Junius was the owner of an important piece of Christian literature called the MS Junius 11 codex, also known as the "Cædmon manuscript", or "Junius" codex. Junius was a close acquaintance of John Milton.

The name Vercingetorix derives from the Gaulish ver- ("over, superior" – an etymological cognate of Cornish gor-, Irish for-, more distantly English over, German über, Latin super, or Greek hyper), cingeto- ("warrior", related to roots meaning "tread, step, walk", so possibly "infantry"; compare Old Irish cingid), and rix ("king") (cf. Welsh rhi, Latin rex), thus literally either "great warrior king" or "king of great warriors". In his Life of Caesar, Plutarch renders the name as Vergentorix.Plutarch, Life of Caesar 25; 27.

Between 1941 and 1951 he was a professor at the [Swedish] Royal Academy of Arts. Grate has been commissioned for at great number of public works of art in Sweden. The most famous of its time was The Etymological Woman Theft which was erected outside the premises of Karolinska Institutet in Solna, a suburb of Stockholm, towards the end of the 1950s. This heralded the start of one of the fiercest public debates about the arts in Sweden during the 20th century.

The Order operates independently of the Celtic Church, but according to its founder monks, the apostolic lineage has nonetheless been granted, as a charismatic individual, by Celtic Bishop Michel Raoult Iltud. The Order has therefore a dual affiliation: Orthodox Christian and neo- druidism. The group says it is neither religious nor ecclesiastical and aims primarily at young people. Its statutes state that the order is "monastical in the etymological meaning of the word which means that everyone must take care of himself".

In the title maréchal de camp and the English "field marshal", there is an etymological confusion in the French camp between the English words "camp" and "field". The French rank of field marshal should not be confused with the rank of Marshal of France, which has been the highest rank of the French Army since the higher dignity of Marshal General of France was abolished in 1848 (although in theory it is not an actual rank but a "state dignity").

The word also came to be used as a generic term for "witch" in the 16th century (Hans Sachs). The word is attested as Middle High German trute, In early modern lexicography and down to the 19th century, it was popularly associated with the word druid, without any etymological justification. Its actual origin is unknown. Grimm suggests derivation from a euphemistic trût (modern traut) "dear, beloved; intimate", but cites as an alternative suggestion a relation to the valkyrie's name Þrúðr.

26 His Mammotrectus super Bibliam, written at Reggio Emilia probably towards the end of the 13th century, was an etymological analysis of the Vulgate, the Latin Bible. There were at that time many priests who were barely literate, and Marchesinus declared himself to be "impatient with his own lack of skill, and compassionate towards the rudeness of poor clerics promoted to the office of preaching". In view of that, he wrote to "edify their understanding with etymology".Thomas Graves Law, ed.

The Baishnabghata and Kamdahari around Garia are bound to be the same source of etymological history. Conversely, Garia received its name from a type of Mangrove tree called Kandelia candel, which was called Guriya (Bengali: গুড়িয়া) in Native Sundarbani language. It is said that in ancient times the Sundarbans extended North to the Sealdah, hence this area came to be known as Garia. However, according to others, Garia got its name from a Muslim community of Gauda, Gauriyā which lived nearby.

The jocular word "mugwump", noted as early as 1832, is from Algonquian mugquomp, "important person, kingpin" (from mugumquomp, "war leader"),On-line Etymological Dictionary; The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996 implying that they were "sanctimonious" or "holier-than-thou"The American Pageant: A History of the Republic, Thirteenth Edition. Advanced Placement edition in holding themselves aloof from party politics. After the election, "mugwump" survived for more than a decade as an epithet for a party bolter in American politics.

Macaulay, McAuley, MacAuley, and Macauley are surnames in the English language. There are several etymological origins for the names: all of which originated as patronyms in several Gaelic languages—Irish and Scottish Gaelic. Although the English-language surnames are ultimately derived from Gaelic patronyms, the English-language surnames, and the modern Gaelic-language forms do not refer to the actual name of the bearer's father. The English-language surname is quite common in Ireland, particularly in Ulster and amongst Irish travellers.

An essential aspect of the dictionary is its critical character. The author supports his etymological judgments and dates of first documentation by citing earlier dictionaries and historical texts, showing in detail why he accepts or rejects previous scholarship. The Seminari de Filologia i Informàtica at the Autonomous University of Barcelona began a project in 1992 to put the dictionary in digital form.Seminari de Filologia i Informàtica, "Informatización del Diccionario Crítico Etimológico Castellano e Hispánico de J. Corominas y J. A. Pascual".

Goodhouse (Nama: Gádaos) is a town in Nama Khoi Local Municipality in the Northern Cape province of South Africa. Locality with a landing-strip, on the southern bank of the Orange River, 60 km south-west of Warmbad and 60 km east- south-east of Vioolsdrif. The name is a folk etymological adaptation of the Khoekhoen Gudaos, 'sheep ford', said to be the place where the Namas crossed the Orange River with their sheep when they trekked from Little Namaqualand to Great Namaqualand.

The alphabet changed to keep pace with changes in language, as regional dialects developed into the modern Ukrainian, Belarusian and Russian languages. Spoken Ukrainian has an unbroken history, but the literary language has suffered from two major historical fractures. Various reforms of the alphabet by scholars of Church Slavonic, Ruthenian, and Russian languages caused the written and spoken word to diverge by varying amounts. Etymological rules from Greek and South Slavic languages made the orthography imprecise and difficult to master.

Tharp indicated that The Creative Habit is about cybernetics, especially in the several Greek-themed creative exercises, such as the Coin Drop; the Coin Drop, as an exercise in extracting ordered meaning from chaos, is derived from the astrological muse Urania, in that random coins falling onto a flat surface can be used to develop pattern analysis skills. The astrological theme is an etymological underpinning of cybernetics' tradition of "guiding a boat" by sighting stellar references according to ancient Greek navigation.

4\. Assessment of the definitions of counterfeit medicines (or equivalent) in Member States 4.2 The nature of legal definitions: the unambiguity requirement In order to avoid room for difference in interpretation, lawmakers (codificators) sometimes deviate from etymological (definiendum plus definientia) definitions. In doing so, they approach the term from the law enforcement point of view. The best example is the definition of narcotics in the United Nations Conventions. Narcotics are substances and preparations that induce drowsiness, sleep, stupor, insensibility, etc.

Ah! like gold fall the leaves in the wind, long years numberless as the wings of trees!, the beginning of the Quenya poem Namárië written in Tengwar and in Latin script Parallel to Tolkien's professional work as a philologist, and sometimes overshadowing this work, to the effect that his academic output remained rather thin, was his affection for constructing languages. The most developed of these are Quenya and Sindarin, the etymological connection between which formed the core of much of Tolkien's legendarium.

Ankuwa was an ancient Hattian and Hittite settlement in central Anatolia. Along with Hattusa and Katapa, it was one of the capitals from which the Hittite kings reigned during the year. Travelling from Hattusa, the royal entourage would arrive at Imralla on the first night, Hobigassa on the second, and Ankuwa on the third. The settlement has been linked to modern Ankyra for etymological reasons, but Hittite sources have been discovered to place the settlement along the southern bend of the Marrassandtiya River, the modern Kızılırmak.

The exact Māori etymology of the name Waimakariri is not known. The most common translation for the name is "river of cold rushing water", derived from the Māori words wai, meaning water, and makariri, meaning cold. Additionally, both mākā and riri translate individually as vigorous or enraged respectively, making the exact etymological origins of the name difficult to determine. The river was briefly renamed as the Courtenay River in 1849 by the chief surveyor of the Canterbury Association, Joseph Thomas, in honour of Lord Courtenay.

Satellite image showing the Euripus Strait between Boeotia (left) and Euboea. Two bridges span the two narrowest points across the strait The Euripus Strait (From Ancient Greek Εὔριπος; R. S. P. Beekes has rejected previous Indo- European derivations and suggested a Pre-Greek one (Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 482). ) is a narrow channel of water separating the Greek island of Euboea in the Aegean Sea from Boeotia in mainland Greece. The strait's principal port is Chalcis on Euboea, located at the strait's narrowest point.

The chariot for Jagannath is approximately 45 feet high and 35 feet square and takes about 2 months to construct. The artists and painters of Puri decorate the cars and paint flower petals and other designs on the wheels, the wood-carved charioteer and horses, and the inverted lotuses on the wall behind the throne. The huge chariots of Jagannath pulled during Rath Yatra is the etymological origin of the English word Juggernaut. The Ratha- Yatra is also termed as the Shri Gundicha yatra.

Molina is a Spanish occupational surname. Molina is latin for 'mill' and is derived from another latin word, mola ('millstone'). The surname originated from the early Middle Ages, referring to a person who operates a mill or a millstone.p. 164 in Gutierre Tibón, Diccionario etimológico comparado de los apellidos españoles, hispanoamericanos y filipinos ('Comparative Etymological Dictionary of Spanish, Hispanic American and Filipino Surnames'), Fondo de Cultura Económica, Mexico City, February 1995 as a reprint of 2nd Edition from 1992 (1st Edition: 1988, Editorial Diana); 434 pp.

A lightly sparkling Moscato d'Asti. According to etymological sources, the term "spumante" was not used in a wine context until 1908, more than 40 years following the first Italian sparkling wine using the méthode champenoise produced by Carlo Gancia which was then sold as "Moscato Champagne". Sparkling wines are made throughout Italy but the Italian sparkling wines most widely seen on the world market are the Prosecco from Veneto, Franciacorta from Lombardy, Asti from Piedmont and Lambrusco from Emilia. The Trento DOC is also famous.

Microcystis floating colonies in an Erlenmeyer flask. As the etymological derivation implies, Microcystis is characterized by small cells (a few micrometers in diameter), possessing gas filled vesicles (also lacking individual sheaths). The cells are usually organized into colonies (macroscopic aggregations of which are visible with the naked eye) that begin in a spherical shape, losing coherence to become perforated or irregularly shaped over time. These colonies are bound by a thick mucilage composed of complex polysaccharide compounds, including xylose, mannose, glucose, fucose, galactose, rhamnose, among other compounds.

Greek 'sweet apple', from 'honey' + 'apple, round fruit', became Portuguese 'quince'.Klein’s Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English LanguageMelimelon, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek–English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library In Portuguese, is a preserve made from quinces, quince cheese. There is an apocryphal story that Mary, Queen of Scots, ate it when she had a headache, and that the name is derived from her maids' whisper of ('Mary is ill'). In reality, the word's origin has nothing to do with Mary.

The name of the town comes from the ancient Occitan and Franco-Provençal 'scarenna', a common name in the Alps and the wider Southeast (l'Escarène, Echarenne, Echerenne, Eycherennes, Eysserennes, Echirène, Echarasson, Chérennes, etc.). The word derives from the Latin 'scala', "scale", with classic passage of the intervocalic in 'r'. In place names, it refers to the edge, the steepest part of the mountain which can be reached by degrees as of a ladder.Adolphe Gros, etymological dictionary of place names in the Savoie (1935, new ed.

Minerva and Arachne, René-Antoine Houasse, 1706 Arachne (; from , cognate with Latin )R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 124. is the protagonist of a tale in Roman mythology known primarily from the version told by the Roman poet Ovid (43 BCE–17 CE), which is the earliest extant source for the story. In Book Six of his epic poem Metamorphoses, Ovid recounts how the talented mortal Arachne, daughter of Idmon, challenged Athena, goddess of wisdom and crafts, to a weaving contest.

The Lao script, derived from the Khmer alphabet of the Khmer Empire in the 14th century,Benedict, Paul K. "Languages and literatures of Indochina." The Far Eastern Quarterly (1947): 379-389. is ultimately rooted in the Pallava script of South India, one of the Brahmi scripts. Although the Lao script bears resemblance to Thai, the former contains fewer letters than Thai because by 1960 it was simplified to be fairly phonemic, whereas Thai maintains many etymological spellings that are pronounced the same.Unicode. (2019). Lao.

Baruch Margalit, "The Meaning and Significance of Asherah," Vetus Testamentum 40 (July 1990): 264–97. Additionally, it is widely considered that the Canaanite 'th' is equivalent to the 'sh' sound in most other Semitic languages, which further complicates matters. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the name would be an Arabian vocalisation of the Ugaritic ʾaṯrt or a later borrowing of the Canaanite 'Asherah'. We could therefore assert that the root of both names is ʾšrt, and we could infer an etymological connection between Ashira and Athirat.

Oorpazhachi Kavu A prominent temple in the Edakkad grama panchayat is the Sree Oorpazhachi Kavu (Ooril Pazhakiya Eachil Kavu or Ooril Pazhakiya Achi Kavu) situated at Nadal. The name of this temple renders itself to two etymological interpretations. The former meaning pazhakiya (ancient) kavu (grove) surrounded by Eachil (a herb) and the latter meaning pazhakiya (ancient) achi (mother goddess) kavu (grove). Irrespective of the interpretation of Oorpazachi Kavu, it is the presence of this temple at Edakkad that imparts historical significance to the area.

Another etymological explanation of the term is "beakerful", referring to the right of an overseer to scoop from the grain being threshed by peasants.Paoli, Mafia Brotherhoods, p. 241 Paying the pizzo might also be in kind, for example by forcing a company to put someone (often a member of a criminal organisation) on the payroll, compulsory provision of services by Mafia controlled businesses as well as subcontracting to Mafia- controlled companies.Paoli, Mafia Brotherhoods, p. 164 Businesses that refuse to pay the pizzo might be burned down.

Many words in Swahili language have their etymological roots in Indian languages associated with Hinduism.A. Lodhi (2000), Oriental influences in Swahili: a study in language and culture contacts, , pp. 72-84 The origin of the Kenyan Gujarati dates back to the late 1800s (early 1900s), when British colonialists brought laborers from India to build the Uganda–Kenya railway. Many of the laborers, rather than travel back to the Indian subcontinent, simply settled in Kenya, and slowly brought with them a host of hopefuls willing to start afresh.

In medieval France, the arrière-ban (Latin retrobannumTheodore Evergates, "Ban, Banalité", in W. W. Kibler and G. A. Zinn (eds.), Medieval France: An Encyclopedia (New York: Garland, 1995), pp. 175–76.) was a general proclamation whereby the king summons to war all his vassals and their vassals. To the Provost of Paris belongs the convoking and commanding of the arrière-ban. The term is a folk-etymological correction of Old French herban (attested 1101), from Germanic here (army) and ban (proclamation); compare German Heerbann.

Several hypothesized origins for the name kabayaki are given. The name came to be generally written using the kanji 蒲焼 meaning cattail-grilled. Resemblance to the brown plush flower spikes of the cattail plant has been suggested as etymological origin in several old writings (; the writings of ; , p.67). Food historian (1881–1958) has argued that originally the whole eel was skewered vertically and cooked that way, giving rise to the name on the resemblance to the cattail both in form and color.

Ruck et al. argued that the term hallucinogen was inappropriate owing to its etymological relationship to words relating to delirium and insanity. The term psychedelic was also seen as problematic, owing to the similarity in sound to words pertaining to psychosis and also due to the fact that it had become irreversibly associated with various connotations of 1960s pop culture. In modern usage entheogen may be used synonymously with these terms, or it may be chosen to contrast with recreational use of the same drugs.

Modifier Tone Letters is a Unicode block containing tone markings for Chinese, Chinantec, Africanist, and other phonetic transcriptions. It does not contain the standard IPA tone marks, which are found in Spacing Modifier Letters. are used to mark yin and (underlined) yang splits of the ping, shang, qu and ru tones, respectively, in the etymological four-tone analysis of Chinese. The dotted tone letters are used for the pitch of neutral tones, while the reversed tone letters and neutral are used for tone sandhi.

Several conjunctions in Tagalog have Spanish-derived etymological roots. The Tagalog disjunctive conjunction o (from Sp. o, meaning "or") has completely substituted the old Tagalog equivalent "kun", rendering the latter obsolete. Two Spanish-derived counter-expectational adversative conjunctions used in Tagalog are pero (from Sp. pero) and kaso (from Sp. caso), both of which are considered as synonyms of the Tagalog counterparts ngunit, subalit, etc. The Tagalog ni (from Sp. ni) can be used as a negative repetitive conjunction, similar to the English "neither...nor" construction.

An ancient Sumerian depiction of the marriage of Inanna and Dumuzid The worship of Aphrodite and Adonis is probably a Greek continuation of the ancient Sumerian worship of Inanna and Dumuzid. The Greek name ('), ) is derived from the Canaanite word ʼadōn, meaning "lord".R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 23. This word is related to Adonai (), one of the titles used to refer to the God of the Hebrew Bible and still used in Judaism to the present day.

The Committee Members, artists and painters of Nabha, Dhuri decorate the car and paint flower petals and other designs on the wheels, the wood-carved charioteer and horses, and the inverted lotuses on the wall behind the throne. The huge chariot of Jagannath pulled during Rath Yatra is the etymological origin of the English word Juggernaut. The Ratha-Yatra is also termed as the Shri Gundicha yatra. Prabhu Hari Kishore Joshi Holdin Lord Jagannath The most significant ritual associated with the Ratha-Yatra is the chhera pahara.

Such words may not in their original use, bear any resemblance in meaning to the meaning attached when used as a term of endearment, for example calling a significant other "pumpkin". Some words are clearly derived from each other, such as "sweetheart" and "sweetie", while others bear no etymological resemblance, such as "baby", "babe", and "cutie". "Honey" has been documented as a term of endearment from at least the 14th century. "Baby" was first used in 1839 and "sugar" only appeared as recently as 1930.

Woodland covered approximately 15% of England in 1086 (this had dwindled to just 5.3% in 1905). Neither of these names may be exclusive and whilst they may have a different etymological ancestry they may simply because of the way language develops have a common history. The etymology of 'garden' is the same as yard and garth and derives from the Old English 'geard', meaning enclosure or hedge. So a hedged enclosure is the exact definition of a garden just as it is of a field.

In 2018, Ahmet Ardiç, an electrical engineer with a passion for researching Turkic languages, linguistics and etymological roots claimed the Voynich script is a kind of Old Turkic written in a ‘poetic’ style, that often displays ‘phonemic orthography’ meaning the author spelled out words the way he, or she, heard them. He claims to have deciphered and translated over 30% of the manuscript. Ardiç published a YouTube video detailing his claims. His submission to the Digital Philology journal of Johns Hopkins University was rejected in 2019.

In English the word object is derived from the Latin Objectus (p.p. of Obicere) with the meaning "to throw, or put before or against", from ob- and jacere, "to throw".Klein, Ernest (1969) A comprehensive etymological dictionary of the English language, Vol II, Elsevier publishing company, Amsterdam, pp. 1066–1067 As such it is a root for several important words used to derive meaning, such as objectify (to materialize), objective (a future reference), and objectivism (a philosophical doctrine that knowledge is based on objective reality).

The newer spelling, cheque, is believed to have come into use around 1828, when the switch was made by James William Gilbart in his Practical Treatise on Banking. In American English, the usual spelling for both is check. Etymological dictionaries attribute the financial meaning to come from "a check against forgery", with the use of "check" to mean "control" stemming from a check in chess, a term which came into English through French, Latin, Arabic and ultimately from the Persian word shah, or "king".

Together with Harald Bjorvand, in 2000 he published 1100 pages of Våre arveord, the first etymological dictionary for Norwegian since Hjalmar Falk and Alf Torp's Etymologisk ordbog over det danske og det norske sprog (1903–06). The book was re-released in a new version in 2007. Lindeman has translated Sagaen om Cú Chulainns sykeleie og Emers skinnsyke from Old Irish and Vardan og armenernes krig from Old Armenian for Thorleif Dahls kulturbibliotek. He is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.

The Beetgum inscription, dedicated by a group of fishermen, originally accompanied a carving of a seated goddess, of which only the bottom can now be seen. On etymological grounds, the name Hludana is closely related to Old Greek κλυδων and κλυδωνα (kludoon(a) 'high waves, rough water') and Biblical Euroclydon, meaning a violent north-eastern wind. The linguist Walther Kuhn suggested that it might be derived from Poseidon's spouse Kleito, as mentioned in Plato's dialogues. There is no proven connection between Hludana and Holda.

Jeremiah inspired the French noun jérémiade, and subsequently the English jeremiad, meaning "a lamentation; mournful complaint," or further, "a cautionary or angry harangue." Jeremiah has periodically been a popular first name in the United States, beginning with the early Puritan settlers, who often took the names of biblical prophets and apostles. Jeremiah was substituted for the Irish Diarmuid/Diarmaid (also anglicised as Dermot), with which it has no etymological connection, when Gaelic names were frowned upon in official records. The name Jeremy also derives from Jeremiah.

The word entered English directly from Polish ', meaning "sausage". Etymological sources state that originally, the word comes from Turkic kol basa, literally "hand-pressed", or kül basa, literally "ash-pressed" (cognate with modern Turkish dish '), or possibly from the Hebrew kol basar (), literally meaning "all kinds of meat;" however, other origins are also possible. The terms entered English simultaneously from different sources, which accounts for the different spellings. Usage varies between cultural groups and countries, but overall there is a distinction between American and Canadian usage.

Pekmez (Üzüm Pekmezi), a Turkish syrup made of grapes (grape syrup) or (Keçiboynuzu Pekmezi) of carob Pekmez (, from Oghuz Turkic bekmes TDK Online - Pekmez entry Nisanyan.com - Etymological Dictionary - Pekmez , ) is a molasses-like syrup obtained after condensing juices of fruit must, especially grape by boiling it with a coagulant agent like wood ashes or ground carob seeds. It is used as a syrup or mixed with tahini for breakfast. In Azerbaijan, pekmez is also mixed with natural yogurt and consumed as a refreshment during summer time.

Eteocypriot was a pre-Indo-European language spoken in Iron Age Cyprus. The name means "true" or "original Cypriot" parallel to Eteocretan, both of which names are used by modern scholarship to mean the pre-Greek languages of those places.The derivation is given in Partridge, Eric (1983) Origins: A short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English, New York: Greenwich House, . The term Eteocypriot was devised by Friedrich in 1932, according to Olivier Masson in ETEO-CYPRIOT, an article in Zbornik, Issues 4–5, 2002–2003.

The authors tried hard to distinguish loans between Turkic and Mongolic and between Mongolic and Tungusic from cognates; and suggest words that occur in Turkic and Tungusic but not in Mongolic. All other combinations between the five branches also occur in the book. It lists 144 items of shared basic vocabulary, including words for such items as 'eye', 'ear', 'neck', 'bone', 'blood', 'water', 'stone', 'sun', and 'two'.Sergei Starostin, Anna V. Dybo, and Oleg A. Mudrak (2003): Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages, 3 volumes. .

The origin and identity of the Kalabhras is uncertain. One theory states that they were probably hill tribes that rose out of obscurity to become a power in South India. Other theories state that they were probably from north of Tamil-speaking region (modern southeast Karnataka), or on etymological grounds may have been the Kalappalars of Vellala community or the Kalavar chieftains. According to Kulke and Rothermund, "nothing is known about the origins or tribal affiliations" of the Kalabhras, and their rule is called the "Kalabhra Interregnum".

This was used by the Szeklers in the case of other Romanized Szeklers from the Ciuc area.Ion Podea; Monografia județului Brașov, Vol. I, Institutul de Arte Grafice "Astra", Brașov, 1938, p. 50 In some Hungarian dialects (the one from Transylvanian Plain and the Upper Tisza) "csángó", "cángó" means "wanderer".Új Magyar Tájszótár - Noul Dicționar de Regionalisme – articolul „csángó” In connection with this etymological interpretation, the linguist made an analogy between the verb "to wander" with the ethnonyms "kabars" and "khazars", which means the same thing.

Today's Alaouite dynasty has made claims to be Sharifian. The Royal Family of Brunei, The Bolkiah Dynasty of Sultans, are also Sharifs through their ancestor Sharif Ali bin Ajlaan bin Rumayytha bin Muhammad AbuNumayy I who was the son of the Emir of Makkah Sharif Ajlaan and had migrated and settled in Borneo. The word has no etymological connection with the English term sheriff, which comes from the Old English word scīrgerefa, meaning "shire-reeve", the local reeve (enforcement agent) of the king in the shire (county).

By ridiculing plutocracy as absurd, Lucian helped facilitate one of Renaissance humanism's most basic themes. His Dialogues of the Dead were especially popular and were widely used for moral instruction. As a result of this popularity, Lucian's writings had a profound influence on writers from the Renaissance and the Early Modern period. Many early modern European writers adopted Lucian's lighthearted tone, his technique of relating a fantastic voyage through a familiar dialogue, and his trick of constructing proper names with deliberately humorous etymological meanings.

Falk became a professor of Germanic philology at the University of Oslo in 1897. As a university instructor, especially a German instructor, he strove for more practical and modern language teaching. He published a number of works on linguistics, philology, and cultural history, especially in Nordisk Arkiv for Filologi and in materials published by the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters in Oslo. He is particularly remembered for his etymological dictionary of the Norwegian and Danish language, which he wrote in cooperation with Alf Torp.

Citizens, or members of the South Korean state, are often referred to through the discourse of kungmin. This term was inherited by Koreans from the Japanese, whose concept of kokumin is a translation of the German staatsvolk. Kokumin is characterized by philosophies of loyalty to the state and its leader as opposed to sovereignty over a state by an ethnic group (as in the German staatsvolk). Because of its etymological roots, there has been a persistent tension between notions of duty and rights for kungmin.

When he found the place to be his liking and chose to settle there, he named the place "satu (se) langau" meaning "a large blowfly". Another suggestion is that the name may have originate from a kind of tree found in Kuala Selangor and along Selangor River named mentangau. In the absence of a firm etymological explanation, alternative theories abound. One theory claims the state's name is derived from the term Salang Ur where ur means "town" or "village" in Tamil, meaning village of the Salang people.

However, the study of methicillin as its name derived from penicillin historically might best be described, according to Elk, as orismologic. Elk's use of the words orismology and terminology echo the historical notions of Kirby and Spence rather than modern disciplinary senses of these words. Orismology does not entail etymology, but nomenography may well delve into etymological analysis to construct such neologisms as are needed to satisfy logical requirements for terms within a domain of discourse. Orismology and nomenography are studies overlapping both terminology and specialized lexicography.

The work advances the thesis that critical sections of the Quran have been misread by generations of readers and Muslim and Western scholars, who consider Classical Arabic the language of the Quran. Luxenberg's analysis suggests that the prevalent Syro-Aramaic language up to the seventh century formed a stronger etymological basis for its meaning. A notable trait of early written Arabic was that it lacked vowel signs and diacritics which would later distinguish e.g. ب, ت, ن, ي, and thus was prone to mispronunciation.

The word myrrh corresponds with a common Semitic root m-r-r meaning "bitter", as in Aramaic ' and Arabic '. Its name entered the English language from the Hebrew Bible, where it is called ', and later as a Semitic loanwordKlein, Ernest, A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Hebrew Language for Readers of English, The University of Haifa, Carta, Jerusalem, p.380 was used in the Greek myth of Myrrha, and later in the Septuagint; in the Ancient Greek language, the related word (') became a general term for perfume.

Marvin claims he is 50,000 times more intelligent than a human (or 30 billion times more intelligent than a live mattress), though this is, if anything, an underestimation. When kidnapped by the bellicose Krikkit robots and tied to the interfaces of their intelligent war computer, Marvin simultaneously manages to plan the entire planet's military strategy, solve "all of the major mathematical, physical, chemical, biological, sociological, philosophical, etymological, meteorological and psychological problems of the Universe except his own, three times over", and compose a number of lullabies.

The name of this temple, rendered in Greek as Aἴγυπτoς (Ai-gy-ptos) by the historian Manetho, is believed to be the etymological origin of the modern English name Egypt. The history of Memphis is closely linked to that of the country itself. Its eventual downfall is believed to have been due to the loss of its economic significance in late antiquity, following the rise of coastal Alexandria. Its religious significance also diminished after the abandonment of the ancient religion, following the Edict of Thessalonica.

Nurse and Chadwick identify all the above figures as being later facets of a single legendary character present in an early, shared mythology of tribes living around the rim of the Baltic and North Seas. There are possible etymological links between Wade's causeway and other UK archaeological sites: Wade's Gap on Hadrian's Wall in Northumbria; the Wansdyke that runs between Wiltshire and Somerset; and Wat's Dyke in the Welsh borders: all three have pre-modern origins and the latter two have sections contested as Roman in part.

For example, the inherited words for tomb (mormânt) and feeling (simțământ) co-exist with the Romance loanwords monument ("monument") and sentiment ("sentiment"). The spread of prefixes borrowed from other Romance languages and Latin also began in the 19th century. Certain prefixes were first directly inherited from Latin, but later their Latin root was also borrowed, thus "etymological doublets" appeared in Romanian. For instance, the prefix cu- descends from Latin con-, and the prefix stră- from extra-, but the original Latin prefixes are now widely used.

The etymological root of the Maitrayaniya Upanishad are unclear. This has historically led to a variety of names and spellings for this Upanishad. Maitra (Sanskrit: मैत्र) and Maitri (मैत्री) are related words which literally mean "kindly, benevolent, good will, amity, friend of all creatures".see maitrI and maitra Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Cologne Digital Lexicon, Germany The likely root for the Upanishad is probably the name of an ancient Indian scholar, Maitra, sometimes spelled Maitri or Maitreya, giving the text the alternate name of Maitri or Maitra Upanishad.

The chariot for Jagannath is approximately 45 feet high and 35 feet square and takes about 2 months to construct. The artists and painters of Puri decorate the chariots and paint flower petals and other designs on the wheels, the wood-carved charioteer and horses, and the inverted lotuses on the wall behind the throne. The huge chariots of Jagannath pulled during Rath Jatra is the etymological origin of the English word Juggernaut. The Ratha-Jatra is also termed as the Shri Gundicha jatra.

It is thought that the town was originally called Brigg, meaning quay. It has been argued that the name may instead come from the Old English brycg (gang plank) or Old Norse bryggja (quay), though this idea has been opposed on etymological grounds. In the Domesday Book the town is listed as Brugie, while Brugia was also used. After the Norman invasion the land was given to Walter of Douai, hence becoming known variously as Burgh-Walter, Brugg-Walter and Brigg-Walter, eventually corrupted to Bridgwater.

Over time, there have been a number of changes in spelling. They mostly involved the elimination of the (purely etymological) Greek letters that had been retained in the Cyrillic script by reason of ecclesiastical tradition, and those rendered obsolete by changes in phonetics. When Peter I introduced his "civil script" (гражданский шрифт, graždanskij šrift) in 1708, based on more Western-looking letter shapes, spelling was simplified as well. The most recent major reform of Russian spelling was carried out shortly after the Russian Revolution.

23 While few have had anything positive to say about such etymological methods within the last two hundred years, the tradition dates back to the work of Plato and was common practice for such philosophic traditions as the Stoics and Neoplatonists. His use of such arbitrary etymologies to substantiate his allegorical claims is typical of his relentless tendency to stretch interpretations and search for truths that are not readily evident.Whitbread, p. 18, 23 Several manuscripts of the Mythologies are addressed to an unidentified Catus, Presbyter of Carthage.

Linguistic experts disagree about the etymological meaning of the name "Schutter". The word "Schutter" is probably derived from the early Germanic form scutro, which means "fast flowing water". Scutro, which includes the Indo-Germanic root sceud, also allows interpretation in the sense of "enclosing" or "impoundment of water" and may refer to the plethora of embankments, dams and mills on the Schutter. In addition to the municipalities of Schuttertal and Schutterwald, Schutterzell, a district of Neuried also bear the name of the river in their place names.

The Culbert Family Genealogy Project, James H. Culbert, Registration No. 4096, Guild of One-Name Studies In Scotland, Culbert is considered a variant of Colbert, derived from the Anglo-Saxon Ceolberht/Ceolbeorht (in Old English, ceol = ship and berht/beorht = bright).Henry Harrison, Surnames of the United Kingdom: A Concise Etymological Dictionary, Vols. 1 & 2., The Eaton Press, 190 Ebury Street, London, S.W,; 1912Dr. George F. Black, 1946, Surnames of Scotland: Their Origin, Meaning and History, New York Public Library, 12th printing, 1999, p.

A revised version in 1983 added 21 new words, including "anarchism", "ecology", "liberation" and "sex". Williams wrote that The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) "is primarily philological and etymological," whilst his work was on "meanings and contexts".Raymond Williams, Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society, London: Fontana/Croom Helm, 1976, p. 16. In 1981, Williams published Culture, where the term, discussed at length, is defined as "a realized signifying system" and supported by chapters on "the means of cultural production, and the process of cultural reproduction".

Concurrently with his duties at the school, Pape devoted himself to lexicographic studies. He completed an etymological dictionary of Greek in 1836, and in 1842 published the work for which is he known today, his Griechisch-Deutsches Handwörterbuch [Concise Greek-German Dictionary]. For the second edition (1849–1850), he added a dictionary of Greek proper names. A revised and expanded version of this latter work, published in two volumes by as Wörterbuch der griechischen Eigennamen (1863–70), became an important 19th-century reference work.

Scholars have identified both the Ptolemian Tambyzoi and Ambautai with Sanskrit Kamboja.Talbert 2000, p. 99For Tambyzoi=Kamboja, see refs: Pre Aryan and Pre Dravidian in India, 1993, p 122, Sylvain Lévi, Jean Przyluski, Jules Bloch, Asian Educational Services; Cities and Civilization, 1962, p 172, Govind Sadashiv GhuryeFor Ambautai=Kamboja, see Witzel 1999aPatton and Bryant 2005, p. 257 Scholars, such as Ernst Herzfeld, have suggested etymological links between some Indo-Aryan ethnonyms and some geonyms used by Iranian-speaking peoples of the Caucasus Mountains and Caspian basin.

'Rondo and the part-equivalent French term ' are words long used in music in a number of ways, most often in reference to a musical form. Despite the common etymological root, rondo and rondeau as musical forms are essentially different. Rondo is strictly an instrumental musical form that was developed beginning in the 17th century. Rondeau, on the other hand, is a vocal musical form that was originally developed as monophonic music (in the 13th century) and then as polyphonic music (in the 14th century).

The disappearance of the N is explained by the fact that in Classical Latin an N before a fricative is pronounced as a nasalization of the previous vowel (meaning consul is pronounced /kõːsul/). Also, consul is pronounced [ko:sul], as shown in ancient writing, "COSOL", whereas the classical spelling (consul) seems like an etymological reminder of the nasal consonant. Pierre Monteil, Éléments de phonétique et de morphologie du latin, Nathan, 1970, . If a senator held the consulship twice then: COS becomes COS II; thrice becomes COS III, etc.

Eventually, the adjective came to be used alone. "Lacedaemonia" was not in general use during the classical period and before. It does occur in Greek as an equivalent of Laconia and Messenia during the Roman and early Byzantine periods, mostly in ethnographers and lexica of place names. For example, Hesychius of Alexandria's Lexicon (5th century CE) defines Agiadae as a "place in Lacedaemonia" named after Agis.. At the Internet Archive The actual transition may be captured by Isidore of Seville's Etymologiae (7th century CE), an etymological dictionary.

N.B. in British English "corn" can mean any of various cereal plants or grains, especially the principal crop cultivated in a particular region, such as wheat in England or oats in Scotland. The identification then persisted in Christian tradition with Firmicus Maternus ca. 350, adding an etymological argument that "because he was the great-grandson of Sara, the nonagenarian by whom Abraham through God's favor had begotten a son, he was called in Greek Serapis, i.e. Σάρρας παῖς ["Sara's son"]";De errore profanorum religionum 13.2; ed.

Emeneau is also credited with the study of areal phenomena in linguistics, with his seminal article, India as a Linguistic Area. Emeneau's contribution to Dravidian linguistics includes detailed descriptions of Toda, Badaga, Kolami, and Kota. Perhaps Emeneau's greatest achievement in Dravidian studies is the Dravidian Etymological Dictionary (in two volumes), written with Thomas Burrow and first published in 1961. Despite the characteristic reserve that eschewed historical reconstruction, this work, revised in a 1984 second edition, remains the indispensable guide, tool, and authority for every Dravidianist.

He explained his new French name as an anagram of the blind king Oedipus, alluding to blindness at the etymological origins of his Russian family name. In his later years, Slepian succeeded at having his dramatic text staged as an interpolation in A quand Agamemnon ?, an adaptation of Aeschylus’ Agamemnon by Philippe Brunet and Demodocos, a band of young artists specialized in classical theatre, performed in French, Latin and/or ancient Greek. He went around Paris, distributing framed photographs of this performance for wall display at restaurants.

American Book Company, 1910. Though often considered the most likely Greek origin of the name, the Ἑκατός theory does not account for her worship in Asia Minor, where her association with Artemis seems to have been a late development, and the competing theories that the attribution of darker aspects and magic to Hecate were themselves not originally part of her cult. R. S. P. Beekes rejected a Greek etymology and suggested a Pre-Greek origin.R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek (2009), Brill, p. 396.

The name of the city is very ancient and several etymological theories have been proposed as an explanation to its meaning. The most popular one maintains that the name of the city is a remainder from the Pelasgian language, i.e. the one used by the people who first settled in the area, in which Argos meant "plain". Alternatively, the name is associated with Argos, the third king of the city in ancient times, who renamed it after himself, thus replacing its older name Phoronikon Astu (Φορωνικόν Άστυ, "city of Phoroneus").

There is no direct evidence for the origin of the modern name of Valladolid. It is mentioned as Valledolit in the Primera Crónica General; earlier documented variants include Valledolidi, Valleolide (1092) and Valleolit, Valleoleti, Valleoliti (1095). One widely held etymological theory suggests that the modern name Valladolid derives from the Celtiberian language expression , meaning "valley of waters", referring to the confluence of rivers in the area. Another theory suggests that the name derives from the Arabic expression (, ), which means 'city of al-Walid', referring to Al-Walid I.Marín, Manuela et al.

A classic brown felt men's pork pie hat from the 1940s. Note that the "bow" in the back of the hat conceals a small button on a string which winds around the hat: in windy weather the button would be attached to the lapel of a jacket to keep the hat from blowing away. A pork pie hat is one of several different styles of hat that have been popular in one context or another since the mid-19th century, all of which bear superficial resemblance to a pork pie.Article in online etymological dictionary. Etymonline.com.

He was a professor at the gymnasium in Vukovar, Prijedor, Osijek and Zagreb, and at the Viša pedagoška škola in Zagreb. From 1950. he is a professor of Croatian language at the Academy for Theater and Film Arts. As a member of the State Committee for Language in NDH, Klaić has, in collaboration with other members, arranged an orthographical handbook Koriensko pisanje ('Root-based writing'; 1942), and with Franjo Cipra also a voluminous Hrvatski pravopis ('Croatian orthography'; 1944, reprint in 1992), both based on the morphological-etymological principles in accordance with the official language policy.

Mussig is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France. Successive known names carried by the village were: Moussich, Mosich (1370) and Musich (1453) before becoming Musselburgh. The etymological origin is probably to be found in the existence of wetlands and swamps are conducive to the formation of foam. Until the 19th century was practiced widely growing flax and hemp, woven at home or delivered to the weavers in the valley of Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines, this is still in the early twentieth century.

Innovations were in the areas of common words, dialect, technical terms, and vulgarities. Thomas Chatterton, the literary forger, also obtained many sham-antique words from reading Bailey and Kersey. Bailey's An Universal Etymological English Dictionary, from its publication in 1721, became the most popular English dictionary of the 18th century, and went through nearly thirty editions. It was a successor to Kersey's A New English Dictionary (1702), and drew on it. A supplementary volume of his dictionary appeared in 1727, and in 1730 a folio edition, the Dictionarium Britannicum'Dictionarium Britannicum, collected by several hands.

The Greater Magaric languages are a branch of Sino-Tibetan languages proposed by Nicolas Schorer (2016). Schorer (2016: 286-287) considers Greater Magaric to be closely related to the Kiranti languages as part of a greater Himalayish branch, and does not consider Himalayish to be particularly closely related to the Tibetic languages, which include Tibetan and the Tamangic languages. Matisoff (2015: xxxii, 1123-1127), in the final print release of the Sino- Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT), has also proposed a Kham-Magar-Chepang language group.Matisoff, James A. 2015.

"Melita" is the spelling used in the Authorized (King James) Version of 1611 and in the American Standard Version of 1901. "Malta" is widely used in more recent versions, such as The Revised Standard Version of 1946 and The New International Version of 1973. Another conjecture suggests that the word Malta comes from the Phoenician word Maleth, "a haven", or 'port' in reference to Malta's many bays and coves. Few other etymological mentions appear in classical literature, with the term Malta appearing in its present form in the Antonine Itinerary (Itin. Marit. p.

Dùn ("dull; confused") is written either dùn () or dūn (). Isabelle Robinet outlines the etymological origins of hundun. > Semantically, the term hundun is related to several expressions, hardly > translatable in Western languages, that indicate the void or a barren and > primal immensity – for instance, hunlun , hundong , kongdong , menghong , or > hongyuan . It is also akin to the expression "something confused and yet > complete" (huncheng ) found in the Daode jing 25, which denotes the state > prior to the formation of the world where nothing is perceptible, but which > nevertheless contains a cosmic seed.

The history of Bani Buhair is a matter of discussion to date. Hamad Aljasir has not proposed a link for Bani Buhair within the tribal tree of Balqarn. On the basis of inaccurate historical account, however, Abdullah Alrizqi (2008) provides various hypotheses to account for the etymological origin of the word Buahir: (1) it has been suggested that Buhair is a person from the Yemeni tribe Tayy, who was well-renowned for hospitality and courage. (2) Buhair may be a treaty title signed between alliances in the region.

He engaged intensively on creating a "general languages" teaching theory and on etymological studies more broadly. This never led to any published conclusions, but traces of his theories and conclusions found their way into the public realm via papers and books produced subsequently by his friends. During the summer of 1824 Gustav von Schlabrendorf fell seriously ill. With great difficulty his doctor succeeded in prising him away from his hotel room and he moved to Batignolles which at that time was a country village to the north of the city.

No mention of the Sherden has ever been found in Hittite or Greek legends or documents, suggesting that they did not originate from either sphere of influence. Some, who see etymological connections in the similarities between "Sherden" and "Sardinians", "Shekelesh" and "Sicilians", and "Trs-w" (Teresh or Tursci) and "Etruscans", suggested that these people came from the western Mediterranean. Others think that this theory is archaeologically not satisfactory, arguing that there is evidence that these people arrived in the areas in which they lived after the period of Ramesses III, rather than before.

The name "markka" was based on a medieval unit of weight. Both "markka" and "penni" are similar to words used in Germany for that country's former currency, based on the same etymological roots as the German Mark and pfennig. Although the word "markka" predates the currency by several centuries, the currency was established before being named "markka". A competition was held for its name, and some of the other entries included "sataikko" (meaning "having a hundred parts"), "omena" (apple) and "suomo" (from "Suomi", the Finnish name for Finland).

In Finnish, the month is called maaliskuu, which is believed to originate from maallinen kuu, during March, earth finally becomes visible under the snow (other etymological theories have however been put forward). In Ukrainian, the month is called березень/berezenʹ, meaning birch tree, and březen in Czech. Historical names for March include the Saxon Lentmonat, named after the March equinox and gradual lengthening of days, and the eventual namesake of Lent. Saxons also called March Rhed-monat or Hreth-monath (deriving from their goddess Rhedam/Hreth), and Angles called it Hyld-monath.

Genealogical feats of this kind were famously performed by the Déisi Tuisceart or "Dál gCais". The term déisi is also virtually interchangeable with another Old Irish term, aithechthúatha (meaning "rent-paying tribes", "vassal communities" or "tributary peoples"). From the 18th century it had been suggested that this term might be the origin of the Attacotti who are reported attacking Roman Britain in the 360s, although the argument has been doubted on etymological grounds. This argument has recently been reopened, however, by a proposed equation of déisi – aithechthúatha – Attacotti in a late 4th-century context.

David is a common masculine given name of Biblical Hebrew origin, as King David is a figure of central importance in the Hebrew Bible and in Christian, Jewish, and Islamic religious tradition. has the meaning of "beloved", from a root דּוֹד dôwd, which had an etymological meaning of "to boil", but survives in Biblical Hebrew only in figurative usage "to love" and specifically a term for an uncle (father's brother).Strong's Concordance H1732 In Christian tradition, the name was adopted as Dawid, Greek , Latin . The Quranic spelling is .

Pax, though usually translated into English as "peace," was a compact, bargain or agreement.The noun derives from the past participle of pacisci to agree, to come to an agreement, allied to pactus, past participle of verb pangere to fasten or tie. Compare Sanskrit pac to bind, and Greek peegnumi, I fasten: W. W. Skeat Etymological Dictionary of the English Language s.v. peace, pact In religious usage, the harmony or accord between the divine and human was the pax deorum or pax divom ("the peace of the gods" or "divine peace").

While most Hokkien morphemes have standard designated characters, they are not always etymological or phono-semantic. Similar-sounding, similar-meaning or rare characters are commonly borrowed or substituted to represent a particular morpheme. Examples include "beautiful" ( bí is the literary form), whose vernacular morpheme suí is represented by characters like (an obsolete character), (a vernacular reading of this character) and even (transliteration of the sound suí), or "tall" ( ko is the literary form), whose morpheme kôan is . Common grammatical particles are not exempt; the negation particle m̄ (not) is variously represented by , or , among others.

As opposed to the alphabet which is in a slightly modified form used to this day for Croatian, grammatical and orthographic practices advocated by Illyrians provoked resentment and opposition by some contemporaries as well as by future generations of linguists. Illyrians were criticized from different points of view, and their practices were attacked more often individually rather than as a system, and had a different lifespan, eventually suffering the same fate: disappearance from the language. The so- called etymological orthography survived the longest, until the turn of the century.

During the Middle Ages spathula was used to refer to the shoulder blade. Spathula is a diminutive of spatha, with the latter originally meaning broad, two-edged sword without a point, broad, flat, wooden instrument for stirring any liquid, a spattle, spatula or spathe of the palm tree and its diminutive used in classical and late Latin for referring to a leg of pork or a little palmbranch. The English word spatula is actually derived from Latin spatula,Klein, E. (1971). A comprehensive etymological dictionary of the English language.

The origin of the word “ayaviri” is wrapped in uncertainty. What meaning can be inferred is through the etymological study of the words, suffixes and prefixes of the languages prevalent in the region throughout its history. These languages include principally Urikuilla, Pukina and Aymara. Although Quechua is the current colloquial language of the area and was originally attributed to be the language of the word's origin, its prevalence among the natives is of a later era, implying a less influential place in the formation of the word's meaning.

Most of this work is contained in his Torah commentary, where he analyses and compares the shorashim (three- letter root forms) of a large number of Hebrew words and develops an etymological system of the Hebrew language. This approach is based on the idea that letters that share a phonetic similarity, have similar meaning. For example, the words Zohar (light), Tzohar (translucent window), and Tahor (purity) are related words because the letters Zayin, Tzadie, and Tet are phonetically similar. This is an approach used in many places by the renowned biblical commentator Rashi as well.

Reineh in the 1870 PEF Survey of Palestine, showing Ain Kana, identified by Claude Reignier Conder as the location of biblical Cana. Just south of the town of Reineh, about a mile from Nazareth, a small spring named "Ain Kana" was identified in 1878 by Claude Reignier Conder as the location of Cana. Some early Christian pilgrim reports mention a spring in association with the Cana of Galilee, but no excavations have been conducted there yet. Ain Qana is considered by some to be a better candidate based on etymological grounds.

Well End is a hamlet in the parish of Little Marlow, in Buckinghamshire, England. It is situated on the north-west side of the village of Bourne End. Although it lies in a separate parish, it is geographically contiguous with and subordinate to Bourne End; but unlike most of the hamlets consumed by its larger neighbour, it retains a distinct character, and the use of the name is common and well recognised locally. The area was once known as Fontibus de Merlow, (Marlow Fountain), of which Well End is a likely etymological derivative.

Sokna (also Sawknah, Sukna; native name: TasuknitLinguasfera: Tamazic (Berber)(catalan) Llengües, Literatures i Cultures del Món, [LLCM], Retrieved the 27 October 2015) is a presumably extinct Eastern Berber language which was spoken in the town of Sokna (Isuknan) and the village of Fuqaha in northeastern Fezzan in Libya. According to Václav Blažek (1999), Sokna was also spoken in the oasis of Tmessa.Václav Blažek, "Numerals: Comparative- etymological Analyses of Numeral Systems and Their Implications : Saharan, Nubian, Egyptian, Berber, Kartvelian, Uralic, Altaic and Indo-European Languages", in: Filozofická Fakulta: Opera Universitatis Masarykianae vol. 332, p.

The origin of Ragonius is obscure, but Chase suggests a possible etymological relationship to raga, a variation of braca, a harness, or, in the plural, breeches.New College Latin & English Dictionary, s. v. braca. The occurrence of the Etruscan gentilicia Urinatius and Larcius, and the Latin Tuscenius in the nomenclature of two of the earlier Ragonii might point to an Etruscan origin, but given the period at which they appear, in all probability they refer to ancestors of this family in the female line.Salomies, Adoptive and Polyonymous Nomenclature in the Roman Empire.

In the Hindu philosophy context, the primary etymological interpretation of the name Vikram as "worker's stride" can signify a range of concepts around one who undertakes purposeful action. The notion of "work is worship" is central to the karma yoga branch of the Yoga path of Hindu spirituality. A person's karma consists of the action they take relative to their duties, called dharma. One's dharma is broadly defined by one's age and position in life—which may be student hood, familial duies or discipleship of a guru among others.

Slovenian potica is a nut roll and a traditional festive pastry from Slovenia. The name potica for a special dessert is distinctly Slovenian and has its etymological development from earlier Slovenian forms such as povitica, povtica, potvitsa. This is also connected with the development of potica production methods from the Middle Ages (before the 15th century) to the beginning of the 20th century, when development stabilized and the unique naming of potica was established from the 18th century. The term Slovenian potica has been used since the second half of the 19th century.

Because spoken names evolve, the most useful etymological sources for place names are typically the oldest written sources. Hence the commission reviewed a number of older sources including old land records and the various letters and documents that comprise the Diplomatarium Norvegicum. However, many of the place names predate written records by over 1,000 years, complicating the process. Further, for large parts of the country there were no formal land records until the official record of 1723. One of the commission’s main techniques for establishing names was through recording the oral pronunciation.

The Oxford English Dictionary cites 1663 as the first recorded usage of the English term; the older spelling Mahometan dates back to at least 1529. The English word is derived from New Latin Mahometanus, from Medieval Latin Mahometus, Muhammad. It meant simply a follower of Mohammad.A concise etymological dictionary of the English language, By Walter William Skeat In Western Europe, down to the 13th century or so, some Christians had the belief that Muhammad had either been a heretical Christian or that he was a god worshipped by Muslims.

The word word haydamak has two related meanings: either 'Ukrainian insurgent against the Poles in the 18th century', or 'brigand'. The role played by haydamaks in the anti-Polish Ukrainian revolts of the 18th-century lead by Maksym Zalizniak and Ivan Honta led to the first meaning. The word has been adopted into Ukrainian from the Crimea and the neighbouring region, where it has been used in some Kipchak, Oghuz and Slavic languages. The origin is the Turkic word 'haydamak', 'to drive, to drive away', the etymological vehicle being the Ottoman Turkish.

Etymological views as summarized by Joshua T. Katz, "Testimonia Ritus Italici: Male Genitalia, Solemn Declarations, and a New Latin Sound Law," Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 98 (1998), pp. 210–213, citing Judith P. Hallett, "Masturbator, mascarpio", Glotta 54 (1976) 292–308, for turbare + mas, with support for this usage of mas from Douglas Q. Adams, "Latin mas and masturbari", Glotta 63 (1985) 241–247. One traditional view sees man(u)-, "hand," with an altered form of stuprare, "to defile, commit a sexual wrong against".Adams, pp. 208–211.

The Tower of Babel by Pieter Brueghel the Elder (1563) The Tower of Babel is an International Etymological Database Project coordinated by the Center of Comparative Linguistics of the Russian State University for the Humanities. The project aims to "join efforts in the research of long range connections between established language families of the world. The Internet is used to combine these attempts and to build up a commonly accessible database of roots, or etyma reconstructed for the World's major (and minor) linguistic stocks." Starostin's role specifically is for hosting the website.

Wein-Plus Glossar: Cabinet, accessed on January 23, 2013 Before 1971, the term Cabinet or Kabinett often followed the name of the grape varietal, for example, a wine might be a "Trockenbeerenauslese Cabinet". The term is superfluous under current German wine law, although it can still be found on older bottles. In 1971, the term Kabinett was officially noted in German wine law, and it was given its current definition which applies to wines which are light and non-chaptalized. Kabinett's current definition differs greatly from its etymological implications of it being a reserve wine.

Keshi (Japanese: 消し or ケシ) aka keshigomu (消しゴム, literally "erase rubber") is the Japanese word for eraser. In modern "keshi" refers to a collectible miniature figure, often of a manga or anime character, made of coloured hard rubber. However, the word's reference has broadened beyond its etymological meaning, as keshi are made of several types of rubber, ranging in appearance from opaque matte to transparent. Also, some lines, such as the "Cosmos Souls Keshi Gum" (コスモスザウルス消しゴム, kosumosu saurusu keshi gomu), use plastic parts.

Papias arranges entries alphabetically based on the first three letters of the word, and is the first lexicographer to name the authors or texts he uses as sources.Sharpe, "Vocabulary, Word Formation, and Lexicography," p. 96. Although most entries are not etymological, Papias laid the groundwork for derivational lexicography, which became firmly established only a century later.Tony Hunt, Teaching and Learning Latin in Thirteenth-Century England (Boydell & Brewer, 1991), pp. 371–372; Jane Chance, Medieval Mythography: From Roman North Africa to the School of Chartres, A.D. 433–1177 (University of Florida Press, 1994), p.

Its most likely etymological origin is a combination of two older words: the Dutch krappen (to pluck off, cut off, or separate) and the Old French crappe (siftings, waste or rejected matter, from the medieval Latin crappa). In English, it was used to refer to chaff and also to weeds or other rubbish. Its first recorded application to bodily waste, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, appeared in 1846, 10 years after Crapper was born, under a reference to a crapping ken, or a privy, where ken means a house.

He is mentioned in ten books from the Han dynasty or earlier, five of which credit him with introducing the practice of drilling wood for fire. These five sources include three Confucian works (Bai Hu Tong, Zhong Lun, and Fengsu Tongyi), a legalist book (Han Feizi, wudu) and the historical textbook Gu San Fen. Another five texts which mention Suiren are Zhuangzi (aka Chuang- tzu) in two of the “Outer Chapters”, two Confucian books (Xunzi and Qian fu lun), a legalist book (Guanzi) and an early etymological dictionary Shuo Wen Jie Zi.

The etymological roots of "Zuffenhausen" are assumed to be found in the name of a seventh century Alemanni settler "Uffo" or "Offo". The oldest known official denotation as a property of Bebenhausen Abbey by Pope Innocent III dates to May 18, 1204. Zuffenhausen was proclaimed a city in 1907, yet soon financially badly affected by the Great Depression, Zuffenhausen and later Zazenhausen, agreed to the incorporation into Stuttgart city on 1 April 1931. Stuttgart- Zuffenhausen station on the Franconia Railway is served by lines S4, S5, S6 and S60 of the Stuttgart S-Bahn.

The etymological root for the word atheism originated before the 5th century BCE from the ancient Greek (atheos), meaning "without god(s)". In antiquity, it had multiple uses as a pejorative term applied to those thought to reject the gods worshiped by the larger society, those who were forsaken by the gods, or those who had no commitment to belief in the gods. The term denoted a social category created by orthodox religionists into which those who did not share their religious beliefs were placed. The actual term atheism emerged first in the 16th century.

The river is sometimes also referred to as "northern Olona" for the homonymy with another Olona, who was born in Bornasco and flows into the Po after having crossed the Province of Pavia. This second Olona, in turn, is designated as "inferior" or "southern". The homonymy is not of imitative or etymological origin, but it is due to the fact that originally it was two trunks of the same river, diverted by the ancient Romans in its upper stretch towards Milan to bring water to the moat of the defensive walls of the city.

The differing number of stones cited in the name is explained in folklore through the fact that the stones are not still enough whilst dancing to count their number accurately. John Chudleigh noted in 1892 that heated air which rises from the ground gives the appearance of movement, which may give an origin to the legends of dancing maidens. Another etymological explanation is based on Phoenician tin traders. The Phoenicians worshipped the god of life and fertility Baal with Belstone representing a corruption of 'Baal's ton', that is 'Baal's settlement'.

Hasmonaean also appears in quotations in the Mishnah and Tosefta, although smoothed into its later context. It is written quite differently from Achaemenid Aramaic; there is an emphasis on writing as words are pronounced rather than using etymological forms. Babylonian Targumic is the later post-Achaemenid dialect found in the Targum Onqelos and Targum Jonathan, the "official" targums. The original, Hasmonaean targums had reached Babylon sometime in the 2nd or 3rd century CE. They were then reworked according to the contemporary dialect of Babylon to create the language of the standard targums.

Additional to the narrative substance, the novelists redefined the formal literary categories of author, narrator, character, plot, story, and reader, in order to examine the etymological link between "author" and "authority", wherein the figure of the novelist (the author) became very important to the telling of the tale. In the dictator novels, the writers questioned the traditional story-teller role of the novelist as the "privileged, paternal figure, as the authoritative ‘father’, or divine creator, in whom meaning would be seen to originate", and so, the novelists fulfilled the role of the dictator.

The words perihelion and aphelion were coined by Johannes KeplerKlein, Ernest, A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1965. (Archived version) to describe the orbital motions of the planets around the Sun. The words are formed from the prefixes peri- (Greek: περί, near) and apo- (Greek: ἀπό, away from), affixed to the Greek word for the sun, (ἥλιος, or hēlíou).Since the Sun, Ἥλιος in Greek, begins with a vowel, H is the long e vowel in Greek, the final o in "apo" is omitted from the prefix.

The word presbyter etymologically derives from Greek πρεσβύτερος (presbyteros), the comparative form of πρέσβυς (presbys), "old man". However, while the English word priest has presbyter as the etymological origin,Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language, College Edition, The World Publishing Company, Cleveland OH, s.v. "priest" the distinctive Greek word (Greek ἱερεύς hiereus) for "priest" is never used for presbyteros/episkopos in the New Testament, except as being part of the general priesthood of all believers, with the first Christians making a distinction between sacerdotal Jewish and pagan priests and New Testament pastors.

Despite their advanced culture, no technology or knowledge of culturing and processing milk products existed within ancient Chinese society. The primary evidence for this theory is the etymological similarity between the Chinese term rǔfǔ (), which literally means "milk curdled", used during Sui Dynasty (AD 581-618), for dishes with consistency like yoghurt or soft cheese), later influenced by Mongolian milk products and methods of production, and the term dòufu (, "beans curdled" ) or tofu. Although intriguing and possible, there is no evidence to substantiate this theory beyond academic speculation.

Former seven islands of Bombay The word Mazagaon has been derived from the Sanskrit Matsya Gram, meaning fishing village. The original inhabitants were speculated to be tribals of Agari (salt-workers) and Koli (fishermen) tribes. However, folk etymology derives Mazagaon from the Marathi Maza Gaon, meaning my village. Another etymological claim suggests Portuguese origin, with the name borrowed from a city and fort of Mazagão in Morocco (now El Jadida) established by Portuguese in the beginning of the 16th century who totally evacuated to the Portuguese colony of Brazil in 1769.

He postulated that language arose from "root words" for the divine based on the mystical dynamism of natural phenomena. He further postulated that since root words didn't change, all language evolved from them. He believed that he could reveal these root words by way of an etymology that merged the root words of all archaic languages.The Transformation of German Jewry, 1780-1840 by David Sorkin, David Jan Sorkin His derivation of a general theory of mythology from the etymological method, although scientifically unfounded, was an important influence to the early career of Jacob Grimm.

McCrindle noted: "The name of the Aśvaka indicates that their country was renowned in primitive times, as it is at the present day, for its superior breed of horses. The fact that the Greeks translated their name into "Hippasioi" (from ἵππος, a horse) shows that they must have been aware of its etymological signification." The name of the Aśvakan or Assakan has also been preserved in the name Afghān, which is a historical ethnonym for all Pashtuns."The name Afghan has evidently been derived from Asvakan, the Assakenoi of Arrian... " (Megasthenes and Arrian, p 180.

The word reference is derived from Middle English ', from Middle French référer, from Latin referre, "to carry back", formed from the prefix re- and ferre, "to bear".Klein, Ernest, A comprehensive etymological dictionary of the English language, Vol II, Elsevier publishing company, Amsterdam, 1969, p.1317 A number of words derive from the same root, including refer, referee, referential, referent, referendum. The verb refer (to) and its derivatives may carry the sense of "link to" or "connect to", as in the meanings of reference described in this article.

Berger is a surname in both German and French, although there is no etymological connection between the names in the two languages. The French surname is an occupational name for a shepherd, from Old French bergier (Late Latin berbicarius, from berbex 'ram'). The German surname derives from the word Berg, the word for "mountain" or "hill", and means "a resident on a mountain or hill", or someone from a toponym Berg, derived from the same. The pronunciation of the English name may sometimes be following the French phonetics (the German is ).

Dāsa first appears in Vedic texts from the second millennium BCE. There is no consensus on its origins. Karl Heinrich Tzschucke in 1806, in his translations of the Roman geographer Pomponius Mela, noted etymological and phonological parallels between dasa and the ethnonyms of the Dahae – Persian داها; Sanskrit Dasa; Latin Dahae; Greek Δάοι Daoi, Δάαι, Δᾶαι Daai and Δάσαι Dasai – a people who lived on the south-eastern shores of the Caspian Sea in ancient times (and from whom modern Dehestan/Dehistan takes its name).See, for example: Pomponius Melo (transl.

This etymological hypothesis, however, is not supported by any findings or documents, the archeological excavation establishing that it was a Roman camp of the 1st century. Aurelianus, consiliarus regis, is among the signatories of Clovis's charter establishing the Abbey of Saint-Pierre-le-Vif. However, the document – purportedly from 504 – is a forgery created in the 10th or 11th century. In a book published in the 16th century, Nicole Gilles describes Aurelianus as the Grand Chamberlain of the king, but this anachronism is corrected in 1623 by Pierre Bardin.

A number of books in Dungan language, including textbooks, Dungan-Russian and Russian-Dungan dictionaries, a Dungan etymological dictionary, collections of folk tales, original and translated fiction and poetry have been published in Kyrgyzstan. Usual print runs were no more than a few hundred copies. A newspaper in Dungan has been published as well. Works of the Dungan poet Yasir Shiwaza have been translated into Russian, Standard Chinese and a number of other languages, with print runs in some of them been much higher than in the original Dungan.

Rowling came up with the sport in a Manchester hotel room after a row with her then-boyfriend. She explained: "I had been pondering the things that hold a society together, cause it to congregate and signify its particular character and knew I needed a sport." Rowling claims that the word "Quidditch" is not derived from any particular etymological root, but was the result of filling five pages of a notebook with different words beginning with "Q". Despite the sport's popularity with fans, Rowling grew to dislike describing the matches.

Anton Ausserdorfer (11 March 1836, Anras – 16 September 1885, Hall, Tirol) was an Austrian clergyman and botanical collector. He served as a curate in Windisch-Matrei, and was a good friend of fellow clergyman/botanist Rupert Huter (1834–1919).UZH - Zürich Herbaria - Collector Details short biography He collected mainly in South Tyrol.Collecteurs et collections de l’Herbier de Strasbourg Plants with the specific epithet of ausserdorferi are named in his honor,Etymological Dictionary of Grasses by Harold T. Clifford, Peter D. Bostock an example being the grass species Avenastrum ausserdorferi.

Starostin claimed in 1991 that the members of the proposed Altaic group shared about 15–20% of apparent cognates within a 110-word Swadesh- Yakhontov list; in particular, Turkic–Mongolic 20%, Turkic–Tungusic 18%, Turkic–Korean 17%, Mongolic–Tungusic 22%, Mongolic–Korean 16%, and Tungusic–Korean 21%.Sergei A. Starostin (1991): Altajskaja problema i proisxoždenie japonskogo jazyka ('The Altaic Problem and the Origin of the Japanese Language'). Nauka, Moscow. The 2003 Etymological Dictionary includes a list of 2,800 proposed cognate sets, as well as a few important changes to the reconstruction of Proto-Altaic.

However, there are still many arguments regarding the origin of the Vedda Language. Ariesen Ahubudu calls the Vedda language a “Dialect of Sinhala”, saying that it is a creole language variety derived from Sinhala. According to him, “Veddas belong to the post Vijayan period and they use a language which has its origins in the Sinhala language.” He further explains this with an etymological explanation of the term ‘Vadi’, that evolved from ‘Dava’ meaning forest, and/or timber. This became ‘Davi’, meaning ‘those who live in the forest’, which later transformed into ‘Vadi’.

Using etymological evidence, he puts forward propositions for the existence of previously unknown prehistoric deities who were localised to the region, namely an Iron Age goddess of the Cotswolds known as Cuda. Yeates attempts to present a picture of the regional landscape, and the manner in which it was viewed as being "spiritual and imbued with the divine" by its inhabitants.Yeates 2008. pp. 9-29. Chapter three, "The Sacred Rivers", explores the deification of rivers in the British Iron Age, and the archaeological evidence for votive offerings within them.

For example, it fails in words where the u in ui functions as a modifier of a preceding g (forcing g to remain rather than shifting to in guild, guilt, guilty, sanguine, Guinea, etc.), doing the same with c (in words like circuit and biscuit), or in cases of unusual etymological spelling or syllable separation (e.g. build, suite, and intuition). In Mandarin pinyin, it is after a consonant. (In initial position, this is spelled wei.) In French, it is not a digraph, but a predictable sequence , as in huit "eight".

Early examples are found in those counties; and these other Carey families would not belong to the well known midland Uí Néill sept of Ó Ciardha. For example, it has been claimed that the East Cork family anciently using the form Ó Ciaráin would account for bearers of the name Carey with origins in East Cork and the adjacent parts of Waterford (Woulfe op. cit., MacLysaght op. cit.), whereas the West Cork Careys may well have arisen separately, but having the same etymological source in the adjective/attribute 'ciar', which occurs anciently as 'cer'.

He can also write subtle parables and allegories, or commit squibs and puns or propose riddles and anagrams. His poetry must be read while attending to the full meaning of every word."Richard Outram: A Preface and Selection by Peter Sanger", The Antigonish Review, 2001 It has been said that the best companion a reader can have when trying to fully appreciate an Outram poem is an etymological dictionary. It has also been argued that there is, at the same time, an ‘other’, more intuitively accessible side to his poetry.

In 1865, Clausius gave irreversible heat loss, or what he had previously been calling "equivalence-value", a name:OED, Second Edition, 1989, "Clausius (Pogg. Ann. CXXV. 390), assuming (unhistorically) the etymological sense of energy to be ‘work-contents’ (werk-inhalt), devised the term entropy as a corresponding designation for the ‘transformation-contents’ (Verwandlungsinhalt) of a system" Clausius did not specify why he chose the symbol "S" to represent entropy, and it is almost certainly untrue that Clausius chose "S" in honor of Sadi Carnot; the given names of scientists are rarely if ever used this way.

There are three primary ways in which the concept of the ideograph is important to rhetorical critics. First, it suggests a way of studying political ideology using concrete instances of language use. By showing how looking at specific uses of key words and phrases in political language reveal underlying ideological commitments, McGee offers a concrete method for understanding the highly abstract concept of ideology. Second, the definition of the ideograph makes clear that the rhetorical study of a term is different from a legal, historical, or etymological study of a term.

Interlingua also employs this pronunciation. In early modern times, French, German and English all expanded this by analogy to words for which there is no etymological reason, but for the most part the modern spelling systems have eliminated this. Examples of unetymological in English are the name of the River Thames from Middle English Temese and the name Anthony (though the is often pronounced under the influence of the spelling) from Latin Antonius. In English, for can also occur in loan-words from French or German, such as Neanderthal.

He co-founded and presided (1908-1935) the Asociación Católica Nacional de Propagandistas (ACNdP) (Propagandists Catholic National AssociationUnderstand the term 'propaganda' in its etymological meaning.), and the rightist party Acción Nacional (named after Acción Popular) (1931), presided Spanish Catholic Action (1933-1935), and edited (1911-1933) the pre- Civil War most important Catholic newspaper, El Debate. He studied Law at the Universities of Salamanca and Deusto, and hold his doctorate at the University of Madrid in 1908. That year, he co-founded, with the jesuit Ángel Ayala, the ACNdP.

Zacharias Chrysopolitanus (d. c. 1155), also known as Zachary of Besançon, was a biblical scholar of the Premonstratensian Order from Besançon (Chrysopolis). He was headmaster of the cathedral school at Besançon and then joined the Abbey of Saint Martin in Laon, where he concentrated on his writing. In about 1140 or 1145, he published a Gospel harmony with a grammatical and etymological explanation of the Greek, Hebrew, and some Latin words found in the text, under the title Unum ex quattuor, sive de concordia evangelistarum (printed in Migne's Patrologia Latina 186:11-620).

If Aglianico was imported to Italy from Greece, no original Greek plantings have persisted. The name first appeared in print as the feminine plural in 1520, and several etymological theories persist. The name may be a corruption of (), or of , the Latin name for the whole of southern Italy in the time of ancient Rome. However, since there is also no record of the name Aglianico prior to the fifteenth century Spanish conquest of southern Italy, another possible origin of the name is from () denoting a grape grown on the plains.

It is written quite differently from Achaemenid Aramaic; there is an emphasis on writing as words are pronounced rather than using etymological forms. Babylonian Targumic is the later post-Achaemenid dialect found in the Targum Onqelos and Targum Jonathan, the "official" targums. The original, Hasmonaean targums had reached Babylon sometime in the 2nd or 3rd century AD. They were then reworked according to the contemporary dialect of Babylon to create the language of the standard targums. This combination formed the basis of Babylonian Jewish literature for centuries to follow.

John Jamieson, in his Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language (1808) describes some of the May Day/Beltane customs which persisted in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries in parts of Scotland, which he noted were beginning to die out. In the nineteenth century, folklorist Alexander Carmichael (1832-1912), collected the song Am Beannachadh Bealltain (The Beltane Blessing) in his Carmina Gadelica, which he heard from a crofter in South Uist. Scottish May Day/Beltane celebrations have been somewhat revived since the late twentieth century. Both Edinburgh and Glasgow organise May Day festivals and rallies.

Wyrd and urðr are etymological cognates, which does not guarantee that wyrd and urðr share the same semantic quality of "fate" over time. Both Urðr and Verðandi are derived from the Old Norse verb verða, "to be". It is commonly asserted that while Urðr derives from the past tense ("that which became or happened"), Verðandi derives from the present tense of verða ("that which is happening"). Skuld is derived from the Old Norse verb skulu, "need/ought to be/shall be"; its meaning is "that which should become, or that needs to occur".

The Portuguese call him Santo Ovídio, and sometimes, by the folkloric São Ouvido (literally "he who is heard" or "ear"), a folk-etymological translation of the Latin name Auditus; this name was then rendered as Ovídio. Accounts of the 17th century assert that in Lusitanian archaeological sites, Saint Ovidius was depicted in episcopal robes or in the garments of a hermit; these depictions testify to an ancient veneration. His sepulcher can be found in the cathedral of Braga. Because of his name, Saint Auditus or Ovidius was traditionally invoked against auditory diseases.

La Jolla, 1908 Local Native Americans, the Kumeyaay, called this location ' (), "land of holes" (' = "land").Langdon 1970 The topographic feature that gave rise to the name "holes" is uncertain; it probably refers to sea-level caves located on the north-facing bluffs, which are visible from La Jolla Shores. It is suggested that the Kumeyaay name for the area was transcribed by the Spanish settlers as '. An alternative, pseudo-etymological suggestion for the origin of the name is that it is an alternative spelling of the Spanish phrase ', which means "the jewel".

There have been too few published studies on the etymology of the figure of Wade's Bel (whether that refers to his milkmaid wife or to the cow) to provide a firm etymological or mythological basis. Wade is firmly rooted in Norse mythology and there are parallels between Wade's cow/milkmaid wife Bel and the milkmaid figure of Beyla in Norse mythology, who some authorities have suggested derives etymologically from baula, meaning cow. There is no published work suggesting such a link, so the origin of the figure remains unproven.

Mentions of it were at one time common in US newspapers, often painting it in a negative light as its play was considered a stronghold of gambling. Authorities in various parts of the United States at times called for a moratorium on the game's play. Until 1964, in fact, playing the game was a fineable offense in the state of Montana. Many billiard-specific and etymological sources point to kelly pool, or an early version of the game called kelly rotation, as the origin of the common idiom, "behind the eight ball".

The ideas that were developed and assimilated into the classical Samkhya text, the Sāṅkhyakārikā, are visible in earlier Hindu scriptures such as the Vedas, the Upanishads and the Bhagavad Gita. The earliest mention of dualism is in the Rigveda, a text that was compiled in the second millennium BCE., in various chapters. At a mythical level, dualism is found in the Indra–Vritra myth of chapter 1.32 of the Rigveda. Enumeration, the etymological root of the word Samkhya, is found in numerous chapters of the Rigveda, such as 1.164, 10.90 and 10.129.

Shared language intelligibility features are complex, and usually include etymological and grammatical evidence that is agreed upon by experts. In addition to choosing a primary name for a language, Ethnologue provides listings of other name(s) for the language and any dialects that are used by its speakers, government, foreigners and neighbors. Also included are any names that have been commonly referenced historically, regardless of whether a name is considered official, politically correct or offensive; this allows more complete historic research to be done. These lists of names are not necessarily complete.

The historic brasserie of Amersfoort, nowadays a Rijksmonument Amersfoort in 1865 One of the six Dutch towns established in the 17th Century in what is now Brooklyn was called "Nieuw Amersfoort" (New Amersfoort). The original patentees were Wolfert Gerritse van Kouwenhoven and Andries Hudde. Unlike other Dutch names which were retained up to the present, Nieuw Amersfoort is now called "Flatlands". In the 18th century the city flourished because of the cultivation of tobacco,The Russian word for the tobacco Nicotiana rustica, махорка (makhorka), may bear an etymological debt to this city.

Tijmen Pronk is a Dutch comparative linguist. Pronk studied Slavic languages and literature and Comparative Indo-European linguistics at Leiden University, where he also passed his viva (in 2009) with a dissertation "The Slovene dialect of Potschach in the Gailtal, Austria". This dissertation was subsequently published by Brill Publishers in their series "Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics". Pronk is widely recognised as a leading specialist in comparative Indo-European linguistics and Slovene dialectology and in that capacity has been one of the authors of the Croatian Etymological Dictionary.

Romanian has a tendency to replace the -uri ending of plural of neuter (or rather ambigeneric) nouns with -e especially in written language. Words ending with -e most probably enjoy a higher status, because many of them were borrowed from Romance languages, according to Mallinson. Linguist Mioara Avram highlights the recent influence of English which, although a Germanic language, has an important Romance component of French origin, as well as numerous Latin etymological lexemes, and argues that contemporary English loans continue indirectly the old re-latinization or re-romanization process of the Romanian language.

In Russia, the highest of the state standard quality categories of ice cream, containing at least 12% butterfat, is known as "plombir" (пломбир), a slight distortion of the pronunciation of "Plombières" in Russian. According to Dmitry Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language and Max Vasmer's authoritative "Etymological dictionary of the Russian language", the French dessert plombieres is named after Plombières, whose name has been associated with extravagant frozen desserts since the late eighteenth century. But the name of the molded French sweet probably taken from the mold. "Plomb" in French language means lead.

He (al-Farrā) said: When the expression agrees with its meaning, the expression is correct. Sībawayh errs because his etymological work is not founded in the expressions of the 'Desert Arabs' (Bedouin) and is without knowledge of their oral language and their poems, but instead relies on the poems of the urban Arabs and the pharaohs and applies the expression to the meaning.” Al-Farrā’ was said to be called Farrā’ because he was 'free to speak'. He knew the grammarians of al-Kūfah after the time of al-Kisā’ī's, whom he adopted.

Norbert Wagner, 'Uburzis- Wirziburg "Würzburg"' The name is presumably of Celtic origin, but based on a folk etymological connection to the German word Würze "herb, spice", the name was Latinized as Herbipolis in the medieval period.Heinz Willner, Der Name Würzburg, Frankenland 1/1999. Beginning in 1237, the city seal depicted the cathedral and a portrait of Saint Kilian, with the inscription SIGILLVM CIVITATIS HERBIPOLENSIS. It shows a banner on a tilted lance, formerly in a blue field, with the banner quarterly argent and gules (1532), later or and gules (1550).

Pedersen's work on Albanian is often cited in Vladimir Orel's Albanian Etymological Dictionary (1995). Among students of the Celtic languages Pedersen is best known for his Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen, 'Comparative Grammar of the Celtic Languages', which is still regarded as the principal reference work in Celtic historical linguistics. His Hittitisch und die anderen indoeuropäischen Sprachen, 'Hittite and the Other Indo-European Languages', represented a significant step forward in Hittite studies, and is often relied on in Friedrich's Hethitisches Elementarbuch (2d ed. 1960), the standard handbook of Hittite.

In Hindustani phonology, the etymological origin of the retroflex flap was when it occurred between vowels. Hence in Devanagari the letter ⟨ड⟩, representing , was adapted to write by adding a diacritic under it. In Urdu script, the phonological quality of the flap was represented by adapting the letter ⟨ر⟩, representing , with a diacritic added above it to indicate the retroflex quality. The occurrence of this consonant in the word khicṛī has given rise to two alternative spellings in English: khichdi, which reflects its etymology, and khichri, which reflects its phonology.

Academics have also considered the etymological roots of the stems Armen- and Hay-, from which derive the modern exonym and endonym of Armenia and Armenians, in order to propose candidates for groups (i.e., Proto-Armenians) who may have contributed to the Armenian ethnogenesis. These propositions are purely speculative and are largely based on geographic proximity, similarity between names, linguistics, and extrapolations made from known historical events of the time.The following cultures, peoples and polities have all been suggested to have contributed to the ethnogenesis of the Armenian people.

The word "chard" descends from the 14th-century French carde, from Latin carduus meaning artichoke thistle (or cardoon, including the artichoke).Chard, Online Etymological Dictionary The origin of the adjective "Swiss" is unclear, since this coastal plant is not native to Switzerland. Some attribute the name to it having been first described by a Swiss botanist, either Gaspard Bauhin Forget Hip Kale, Get Your Green Fix From Swiss Chard , Clifford Wright, Zester Daily. or Karl KochChard, Centre for Urban Education about Sustainable Agriculture (although the latter was German, not Swiss).

In the Independent State of Croatia, a World War II state that existed between 1941 and 1945, the totalitarian dictatorship of Ante Pavelić pushed purist tendencies to extremes. The language law of 1941 promulgated purity as a policy, and tried to eliminate internationalisms, stigmatized Serbisms and introduced etymological spelling (korijenski pravopis). No Croatian dictionaries or grammars were published during this period because of the opposition of the Croatian linguists. This era is best covered in Marko Samardžija's "Hrvatski jezik u Nezavisnoj Državi Hrvatskoj", (Croatian language in Independent State of Croatia), 1993.

The first translation of the whole Bible into our > language, by Miles Coverdale, is stated on the title page to have been > rendered "out of the Douche (meaning German) and Latyn into Englyshe, 1535." > Even so lately as 1660, Howell, in the preface of his Lexicon says, "the > root of most of the English language is Dutch," by which of course he means > the Teutonic or old German. The above fact is evident in the common etymological origin of Douch (or Dutch) with the German-language word Deutsch (which means German).

KH Coder is an open source software for computer assisted qualitative data analysis, particularly quantitative content analysis and text mining. It can be also used for computational linguistics. It supports processing and etymological information of text in several languages, such as Japanese, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish. Specifically, it can contribute factual examination co-event system hub structure, computerized arranging guide, multidimensional scaling and comparative calculations. S. N. Vinithra, S.N; Arun Selvan, S.J.; Anand Kumar, M.; Soman, K.P. (2015): Simulated and Self-Sustained Classification of Twitter Data based on its Sentiment.

17 However it is clear that Scottish island names have involved frequent etymological reinterpretation and some of them are pre-Celtic in origin - perhaps even pre-Indo-European - which "leaves us with the thought that practically all the major islands in the Northern and Western Isles have very old names, so old and so linguistically and lexically opaque that we do not have any plausible referents for them elsewhere. They are linguistic fossils, perhaps some three thousand years old or even older."Broderick (2103) p. 21 quoting Nicolaisen (1992) "Arran Place-Names: a fresh look".

The name of the parish comes from its situation, in an area that was fertile and able to support agriculture; the Portuguese etymological name for good field (). Its population has, since its settlement, been tied to agriculture. Agrobom was the first ecclesiastical parish in the municipality of Alfândega da Fé and its parish seat includes the village of Felgueiras. Although the settlement is quite old, few records exist to mark its age, although a Roman era castro was known to have existed in the area (remnants of its form no longer exist).

In 1938–1939, he delivered lectures at Columbia University in New York City. It was there that he started to work on his magnum opus, the Etymological dictionary of the Russian language. He delivered the eulogy for Professor Aleksander Brückner in Berlin-Wilmersdorf in 1939 and he took over the chair of Slavistic studies at the University of Berlin. In 1944, the bombing of Vasmer's house in Berlin destroyed most of his materials. Nevertheless, Vasmer persevered in his work, which was finally published in three volumes by Heidelberg University in 1950–1958 as .

Other phrases that may be synonymous with church renewal include congregational transformation, congregational renewal, revitalization, and restoration. An older term that tends to focus on the renewal of spiritual or sacramental vitality is revival. While some advocates for church renewal spend a great deal of time discussing etymological differences between these terms, the terms are highly similar at the conceptual level. Alternatively, they use these terms because they believe the church is in decline or decay in one way or another and that action must be taken so that the church will flourish once again.

Etymologically, Ugardanti is a feminine term made of two words, Ugar means Fierce and Danti means Tooth.A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout - Arthur Anthony Macdonell One having Fierce Tooth, is called Ugardanti. Guru Gobind Singh is praying to Ugardanti, writing various attributes of Ugardanti and asking for blessings of prospering of new Panth which is free from hypocrisy, ritualism, casteism, human worship and worship only One Immortal God. In Gurmat, Fierce Tooth is explained as Hukam/Command/Will Power(Shakti) of God which tears off and destroys enemies.

Mace-wielding Byzantine cavalry in pursuit – Skylitzes Chronicle A category of cavalryman termed a koursōr (pl. koursores) is documented in Byzantine military literature from the sixth century onwards. The term is a transliteration of the Latin cursor with the meaning 'raider' (from cursus: course, line of advance, raid, running, speed, zeal - in Medieval Latin a term for a raider or brigand was cursarius, which was the origin of 'corsair'). According to one theory, it is posited as the etymological root of the term hussar, used for a later cavalry type.

The etymological origin of Massy is still very dubious. This name could result from the name of an owner of a villa of the Gallo-Roman time, original site of the village. Called Matius or Matheus, the name of his property then village would have been subjected to deformations due to language and the passing of time to become Massy. Located near the road between Paris and Chartres, the villa was undoubtedly built on a height (the Gaudon Mount) and formed the starting point of a human establishment.

It has long been considered likely that the city was named after the Italian city of Verona, which at the time was known as Bern in Middle High German. The Bern zinc tablet, which was found in the 1980s, indicates that the former oppidum's possible Celtic name Brenodor was still known in Roman times. Since that time, it has been supposed that Bern may be a corruption (folk-etymological re-interpretation) of the older, similar-sounding Celtic name. The etymology of the Celtic would be related to the Middle Irish word berna ‘gap, chasm’ (cf.

Orion of Thebes (died c. 460s) was a 5th-century grammarian of Thebes (Egypt), the teacher of Proclus the neo-Platonist, and of Eudocia, the wife of Emperor Theodosius II. He taught at Alexandria, Caesarea in Cappadocia and Constantinople. He was the author of a partly extant etymological Lexicon (ed. F. W. Sturz, 1820), largely used by the compilers of the Etymologicum Magnum, the Etymologicum Gudianum and other similar works; a collection of maxims in three books, addressed to Eudocia, also ascribed to him by Suidas, still exists in a Warsaw manuscript.

In the 1828 map by Franklin and Jackson, the extreme southeastern tip of the island is referred to as Tanjong Changi. Vessels using the Johor Straits would have to pass by Changi. There are many versions of the etymological roots of the name Changi. The first director of the Singapore Botanic Gardens Henry Ridley suggested that it gets its name from a tall tree, Pokok Chengal or Cengal (Malay for Neobalanocarpus heimii, also known as Balanscorpus heimii or Balano scorpas), which was common in the area in the early nineteenth century.

Though both Esperanto and Interlingua borrow primarily from European languages, they also borrow words from other languages which have become widespread. Two different philosophies have led to two different approaches. Interlingua highly regards etymological fidelity, thus it usually adopts the word that is the nearest common ancestor of the respective words in at least three source language units (considering Spanish and Portuguese together as one unit). Esperanto highly regards regularity, thus it disregards the form of the word in European languages to make it match Esperanto's morphology and phonemic orthography.

JSTOR Global Plants biography The plant genus Noaea (family Amaranthaceae) sometimes said to be named in his honor, actually honors the Vicomte de Noë, who studied North African Lamiaceae. Moquin-Tandon in A.P. de Candolle. Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 13(2): 207. 1849. CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms by Umberto Quattrocchi Some taxa with the specific epithets of noeana and noeanus are named for him;Etymological Dictionary of Grasses by Harold T. Clifford, Peter D. Bostock examples being Medicago noeana and Aster noeanus.

Maenchen- Helfen considered that Cassiodorus would not admit that the Gothic princess Vadamerca became a wife of Balamber if he was not some sort of a king. Wolfram argued that although scholars often identify "Vithimiris" with Vinitharius, and "Videric" with Vandalarius, onomatological and genealogical methods do not go along with historical events, and many difficulties arise. One of them was that Balamber lived in the time of Valamir. However, although of similar etymological names, Balamber, Wolfram related to Iranian Balimber, and as such considered them two different personalities.

Upon payment, associates are allowed to register their works under a pseudonym or a stage name. Though from an etymological perspective, there is not a big difference between pseudonyms and stage names, SIAE claims that pseudonyms are mere alternatives to birth names while a stage name is instantly recognizable to both fans and media. Protecting a work of art under a stage name is cheaper than protecting it under a pseudonym, but the authors need to supply the documentation (newspaper articles, websites, posters) proving that they're really famous under that specific name.

In the vocabulary of the Yugoslav Academy, as well as in the etymological dictionary of Slavic languages, the word gibanica is a derivative of the Croatian verb gíbati and Serbian verb гибати, which means "to fold; sway, swing, rock". There are also derivatives like the word / – one who makes gibanica, one who loves to eat gibanica, and one who always imposes as a guest and at someone else's expense. Some believe that the word gibanica actually comes from the Egyptian Arabic gebna (جبنة), a type of soft white salty cheese used in making gibanica.

The etymological root is Anglo-French lien, loyen "bond", "restraint", from Latin ligamen, from ligare "to bind". In the United States, the term lien generally refers to a wide range of encumbrances and would include other forms of mortgage or charge. In the US, a lien characteristically refers to nonpossessory security interests (see generally: Security interest—categories). In other common-law countries, the term lien refers to a very specific type of security interest, being a passive right to retain (but not sell) property until the debt or other obligation is discharged.

Following from Pliny's account, the shepherd's name has been often cited as giving rise to the Latin root word and etymological source of the English word for magnet and the coterie of its related word forms such as magnetite, magnet, magnetism, magnesium, manganese and others. Other authorities, including the Roman poet and philosopher Lucretius (c. 99 BCE – c. 55 BCE), have attributed the etymology of magnet, and progeny, to the name of the Lydian city, Magnesia ad Sipylum (Manisa, Turkey in modern times), where magnetic ore may have first been discovered or recognized.

Scholars such as Hilda Ellis Davidson and Rudolf Simek propose that the names of the valkyries themselves contain no individuality, but are rather descriptive of the traits and nature of war- goddesses, and are possibly the descriptive creations of skalds, a type of traditional Scandinavian poet.Examples include Davidson (1988:96–97) and Simek (2007:349). Some valkyrie names may be descriptive of the roles and abilities of the valkyries. The valkyrie name Herja may point to an etymological connection to Hariasa, a Germanic goddess attested on a stone from 187 CE.Simek (2007:143).

The dictionary includes not only the core vocabulary of Latin- and Romance-derived words, but also words of non-Romance origin, notably Basque, Arabic, and languages of the Americas. An essential aspect of the dictionary is its critical character. The author supports his etymological judgments and dates of first documentation by citing earlier dictionaries and historical texts, showing in detail why he accepts or rejects previous scholarship. The Seminari de Filologia i Informàtica at the Autonomous University of Barcelona began a project in 1992 to put the dictionary in digital form.

From the late 18th century to the mid 20th century, many accounts of Beltane customs were recorded by folklorists and other writers. For example John Jamieson, in his Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language (1808) describes some of the Beltane customs which persisted in the 18th and early 19th centuries in parts of Scotland, which he noted were beginning to die out. In the 19th century, folklorist Alexander Carmichael (1832–1912), collected the song Am Beannachadh Bealltain (The Beltane Blessing) in his Carmina Gadelica, which he heard from a crofter in South Uist.

"Acedia" from Book 24 of the Iliad as it appears in the Banks Homer papyrus, British Museum. In Ancient Greece acedia originally meant indifference or carelessness along the lines of its etymological meaning of lack of care. Thus Homer in the Iliad uses it to both mean soldiers heedless of a comrade (', "and none of the other [soldiers] was heedless of him.") and the body of Hector lying unburied and dishonored in the camp of the Acheans (μή πω μ᾽ ἐς θρόνον ἵζε διοτρεφὲς ὄφρά κεν Ἕκτωρ κεῖται ἐνὶ κλισίῃσιν ἀκηδής.

Common names for Japanese knotweed include fleeceflower, Himalayan fleece vine, billyweed, monkeyweed, monkey fungus, elephant ears, pea shooters, donkey rhubarb, American bamboo, and Mexican bamboo, among many others, depending on country and location. In Japanese, the name is . The kanji expression is from the Chinese meaning "tiger stick". One interpretation of the Japanese name is that it comes from "remove pain" (alluding to its painkilling use),日本國語大辞典 (Nihon kokugo daijiten) dictionary (1976)Daigenkai (大言海) dictionary, citing Wakunsai(『和訓菜』) though there are other etymological explanations offered.

Kubyshka, 17th century Kubyshka is an early East Slavic ceramic jar or pot with narrow hole, short or absent neck and wide, rounded body.КУБЫ́ШКА, in: Словарь русского языка в 4-х томах (:ru:Малый академический словарь) (A Dictionary of Russian Language), Moscow, Русский язык, 1999. In the past the term kubyshka, a diminutive derivation from the word Куб (kub) in the generic meaning of "container",Article "Куб" in: Max Vasmer, 'Etymological dictionary of the Russian language had a broader meaning of various rounded containers, e.g. a barrel or birch bark kubyshka.

In early Roman religion, Libera was the female equivalent of Liber ('the free one'). She was originally an Italic goddess; at some time during Rome's Regal or very early Republican eras, she was paired with Liber, also known as Liber Pater ('the free father'), Roman god of wine, male fertility, and a guardian of plebeian freedoms.Barbette Stanley Spaeth, The Roman goddess Ceres, University of Texas Press, 1996, p. 8: the pairing of Libera and Liber identifies both as aspects of an "etymological duality" - cf Roman Faunus and Fauna.

The term "reticular formation" was coined in the late 19th century by Otto Deiters, coinciding with Ramon y Cajal’s neuron doctrine. Allan Hobson states in his book The Reticular Formation Revisited that the name is an etymological vestige from the fallen era of the aggregate field theory in the neural sciences. The term "reticulum" means "netlike structure", which is what the reticular formation resembles at first glance. It has been described as being either too complex to study or an undifferentiated part of the brain with no organization at all.

He is the author of the etymological dictionary of North Caucasian languages (together with Sergei Starostin, 70 author's sheets), one of the authors of the series "Fundamentals of Slavic accentology", a participant in the international Internet projects "Evolution of language" and "tower of Babel" (etymological databases; he created a comparative database on Indo-European languages, which is based on the project of a new Indo-European dictionary, databases on Finno- Ugric and Amerindian languages). For more than 20 years, Nikolaev has been the leader and organizer of complex linguistic expeditions to the East Slavic dialects (the Carpathians, the Russian Northwest, Belarus, Polesie) and to the archaic Old Shtokavian dialects of the Serbo-Croatian language (Slavonia, together with Croatian colleagues), author of special field programs on East Slavic historical dialectology. He made presentations at four International Congresses of Slavists, a number of International and Russian conferences, for 10 years taught a course and led a seminar on “Historical Linguogeography of East Slavic Languages” at the Faculty of Philology of Moscow State University. Nikolaev was nominated three times as a Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (in 2003 and 2016 — by the Institute of Slavonic studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, in 2006 — personally by Vladimir Dybo).

The first edition's concise successor, The American Heritage Dictionary, Second College Edition was published in 1982 (without a larger-format version). It omitted the Indo- European etymologies, but they were reintroduced in the third full edition, published in 1992. The third edition was also a departure for the publisher because it was developed in a database, which facilitated the use of the linguistic data for other applications, such as electronic dictionaries. The fourth edition (2000, reissued in 2006) added an appendix of Semitic language etymological roots, and included color illustrations, and was also available with a CD-ROM edition in some versions.

The most vivid and complex accountAlvar, Romanising Oriental Gods, p. 65; Gasparao, Soteriology, p. 41. of how the violet was created out of violence in the Attis myth is given by the Christian apologist Arnobius (d. ca. 330),Arnobius of Sicca, Adversus Nationes 6–7, drawing on sources he identifies as "Timotheus, a man not disreputable in matters of theology," and "Valerius the pontifex", possibly Marcus Valerius Messala, the consul of 53 BC and author of a treatise identifying Aion with Janus on the etymological basis of Ia, the name "Violet" in the story of Attis.

The Altaic language family is a theoretical group composed of, at its core, languages categorized as Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic. G.J. Ramstedt's Einführung in die altaische Sprachwissenschaft ('Introduction to Altaic Linguistics') in 1952–1957 included Korean in Altaic. Roy Andrew Miller's Japanese and the Other Altaic Languages (1971) included Japanese in Altaic as well. The most important recent work that favored the expanded Altaic family (i.e. that Korean and Japanese could both be included under the Altaic language family) is An Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages (3 volumes) by Sergei Starostin, Anna V. Dybo, and Oleg A. Mudrak (2003).

The word kuruc was first used in 1514 for the armed peasants led by György Dózsa. 18th-century scholar, Matthias Bel, supposed that the word was derived from the Latin word "cruciatus" (crusader), ultimately from "crux" (cross), and that Dózsa's followers were called "crusaders" because the peasant rebellion started as an official crusade against the Ottomans.István Tótfalusi ed., Magyar Etimológiai Nagyszótár (Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian) Silahdar Findiklili Mehmed Agha a 17th- century Ottoman chronicler, supposed that the word Kuruc ("Kurs" as it was transliterated into Ottoman Turkish in his chronicle) was a Greek word that meant "polished," or "cilâlı" in Turkish.

Enlarge The Fortune Theatre was contemporary with Shakespeare's Globe, The Swan and others; it stood in the parish of St Giles- without-Cripplegate, to the west of the Shoreditch locations of The Theatre and the Curtain Theatre, between Whitecross Street and Golden Lane in what is today named Fortune Street, just outside the City of London. Between 1600 and 1642, it was among the chief venues for drama in London. The site is said to have originally been occupied by a nursery for the children of Henry VIII.William Pulleyn, The Etymological Compendium (London: Thomas Tegg, 1828), p.

Diagram showing relationships between etymologically-related words In linguistics, cognates, also called lexical cognates, are words that have a common etymological origin. Cognates are often inherited from a shared parent language, but they may also involve borrowings from some other language. For example, the English words dish and desk and the German word Tisch ("table") are cognates because they all come from Latin discus, which relates to their flat surfaces. Cognates may have evolved similar, different or even opposite meanings, but in most cases there are some similar sounds or letters in the words, in some cases appearing to be dissimilar.

His work that is of utmost importance for the Croatian literature and culture is his translation of the complete Bible in six big volumes, the Old and the New Testament, published after his death, in Budim in 1831. He is also the author of two unfinished dictionaries, the huge semantic-etymological law dictionary, and the Latin-Croatian Etymologicon illyricum. Though some of his huge opus remained unfinished and incomplete, Katančić's conception of the indigenousness of Croats (Illyrians) and his texts written in the fully formed Štokavian-ikavian dialect of the Croatian language made a strong impact on the Croatian national revival.