1000 Sentences With "elucidated" | Random Sentence Generator

But how larvae and bacteria interact is only now being elucidated.

Sony, though, it elucidated that vision by making a damn car.

Our relative smallness and disproportionate destructiveness is elucidated again and again.

Hopefully we start to build mechanisms for those that want to be elucidated.

Neither "hope" and "change" nor "Make America Great Again" elucidated a policy position.

I'm sure Swag Champ would have elucidated on this were he given the chance.

The pirates, no fools about public relations, even had spokesmen who elucidated their motives.

Some of them have already been clearly elucidated by John Gruber back in November, 2018.

Musk also elucidated comments he's made in the past about the potential dangers of artificial intelligence.

He elucidated that the administration's goals are aimed at securing our national security and economic interests.

For reasons never fully elucidated, Jones waited until the following day to report his macabre discovery.

Our conversation didn't resolve any of the problems, but hopefully it elucidated some of the challenges.

Multiple legal requests to review Wickizer's chart and complete bill — with its coding elucidated — were refused.

The parallels elucidated in this post could likely be extended to other areas of policy as well.

He announced a "zero tolerance" policy first on April 6 and elucidated it in two speeches May 7.

Disability culture and aesthetics are bound up with access, but not in the sense elucidated in the law.

"The evidence on TV viewing and health risks (is) strong, despite the biological mechanisms yet to be elucidated," Yang said.

The dogmatism of French academic painting is elucidated in the show's catalogue, but isn't sufficiently conveyed in the exhibition's wall texts.

He elucidated the concept of the "honest thief": a crook who doesn't pretend to be otherwise, unlike the police and the bureaucrats.

That's a much less ambitious set of goals than what Apple elucidated for the Apple Watch Series 4, which is entirely appropriate.

Schoolwerths's technique was elucidated by the gallery's inclusion of a three-dimensional foamcore model that the artist used to compose the paintings.

Fortunately, The Times Magazine had a story about this very thing a few years ago that fanutely (greatly) fanuted (elucidated) the fanute (situation).

The crown prince, 64, has led a stormy life of byzantine quarrels and breakups with various lovers that were rarely fully elucidated in public.

This idea that walls might also be sites of exploration and evolution is further elucidated in the street artist JR's film, Women are Heroes.

None of the 614 structures Dr Baker modelled most recently has yet been elucidated by crystallography or NMR, but six of the previous 58 have.

And his testimony further elucidated the various corruption inquiries in which Mr. Rechnitz, the son of a Los Angeles real estate millionaire, has been entangled.

The 85033 election elucidated that immigration is a fundamentally important issue in our country, and Democrats would be wise to heed what the voters are saying.

This is particularly relevant for countries where the true magnitude of the epidemic is yet to be fully elucidated as mass testing strategies are ramped up.

Once it has been elucidated, though, the discovery should pave the way for artificial antibacterial materials that do not use antibiotics to keep the bugs away.

But otherwise it's a pretty major reskin of the device: The symbology, or symbolism if you prefer, of this luxurious upgrade is elucidated on the Caviar website.

"We've elucidated that you can't measure flood risk by analyzing the elevation of rooftops — you have to know the height of the ground beneath your feet," Strauss said.

The feud is so petty and tedious, I refused to watch the excerpted episode in which its finer points were presumably elucidated, as an act of self-care.

The mechanism is not 100 percent elucidated, but the theory is that it increases growth factors to help wound healing and decreases the mediators that cause excess scarring.

There were important things to be learned from these brave presenters, a great many things, ordered, elucidated and drilled into us by Jimmy Meeks — urging, weeping, scorning, confessing, praying.

That's when fillers and Botox come in, and when the high prices of those treatments mean class differences are even more easily elucidated by the condition of a person's skin.

But as Horowitz has very publicly elucidated, Opsware looked like a goner more than once, including when one of its biggest clients shut down in the aftermath of the dot.

Some of the reasons for Trump's refusal to critique white supremacists have already been elucidated publicly: palatable or not, these men are Trump's base, and he will not abandon them.

The passage of strong privacy laws in the 1990s, the rise of security breach notification laws, and the FTC's enforcement over the past decade have elucidated some of these practices.

In it, he elucidated one important point that would set the tone for his campaign — that the U.S. should erect a wall on the border with Mexico to stop illegal immigration.

In recent years however, Xi's efforts to consolidate power have widened, and in 2015, speaking at the World Internet Conference in Wuzhen, Zhejiang province, he elucidated his vision of the internet.

In the video for their prickly single "Stimulus for Living" the droll Leeds punks elucidated the whens and the whys and the particulars of their formation and their motivation as a band.

The yeast genome was already well studied when he started his work, and then became one of the first to be elucidated in its entirety as part of the Human Genome Project.

The yeast genome was already well understood when he started his work, and was also one of the first to be elucidated in its entirety as part of the Human Genome Project.

It's also providing a look at how today's shooting wars spill over into digital conflict, even in the poorer corners of the world, as two presentations at Wednesday's CyberwarCon in Washington, D.C., elucidated.

For environmentalists who adamantly oppose nuclear, Hansen's take discounts what Ben Adler at Grist notes are the "environmental, public health and safety, economic, and even moral dimensions" that Chernobyl elucidated about nuclear power.

Showrunner Alex Gansa elucidated the fascinating connections between Homeland and the current political landscape during a Television Academy panel discussion with stars Claire Danes, Mandy Patinkin, Rupert Friend, and Elizabeth Marvel on Monday night.

As fish oil's biological importance became further elucidated, particularly its role in reducing inflammation, it became a wellness panacea, offering apparent benefits for everything from blood pressure and triglycerides to pain, vision, and mental health.

Chau also spends a lot of time researching different forms of folk art and ancient art, and is immensely inspired by the common visual language of indigenous communities, as elucidated by the late mythologist Joseph Campbell.

The desolation is clearly elucidated in the record's lyrics, but there's also joy in the firework synth bursts and ecstatic drum programming that runs through its bloodstream—there's hints of celebration, even at the end of days.

Callimachi: Who traveled to Syria, went through all of the steps that Huzayfah has elucidated for us — the training camps, graduating to actually carrying out real executions — and then were sent on a mission to attack Europe.

"The full role of AI in drug development is still being elucidated, and stakeholders understand AI in different ways considering the spectrum of tools and techniques covered under this umbrella term," Kahn told Recode in an email.

So it wasn't a shock when I went into the meeting on March 31 and elucidated things it a more clear way that I could potentially organize a meeting between President or candidate Trump and Prime Minister Putin.

Lead howler Riley elucidated the simmering political rage fueling Nightmare Logic in an in-depth interview with our own Louise Brown, rallying cry for the metal community to protest the prison industrial complex, shut down bigotry, and resist fascism.

He and Harrell each take coolly elucidated solos, savoring the melody and taking time to draw a lot out of certain individual phrases, before Iverson finishes the way he began: alone, wandering between keys, destabilizing his resolutely sturdy sound.

When he speaks of "the administrative state," he is drawing on a concept that has been elucidated at length by John Marini, a political scientist at the University of Nevada, Reno, whom a number of the Trumpists regard as an intellectual mentor.

A survey of the published science, interviews with leading scientists, and a review of thousands of pages of court and police documents associated with the Kumra case has elucidated how secondary DNA transfer can undermine the credibility of the criminal justice system's most-trusted tool.

Advertise on Hyperallergic with Nectar Ads Jan P. Matuszyński's The Last Family — a fictionalized biopic about Polish painter Zdzisław Beksiński's troubled relationship with his son — begins with narration over a pitch-black screen, a surefire sign that the film's themes are about to be elucidated.

Disease pathogenesis: Seventeen prior essays—dating back to May—have explored how rapidly and methodically the underlying malignancy has metastasized globally, the most recent of which have elucidated the legal underpinnings of this effort and the flimsy rationalizations for procrastination that have been diagnosed.

Among over two dozen works there is the infamous "Untitled" video (2003), in which Ms. Fraser has sex in a hotel room with a collector who paid thousands of dollars to participate in her work — the contractual terms elucidated by Ms. Fraser's art gallery.

"All indications are that it's not nearly as deadly as SARS virus, but the transmissibility is still to be fully elucidated," Dr. Barbot said, drawing a comparison to another coronavirus outbreak that nearly two decades ago infected more than 8,000 people and killed nearly 800.

Thiel's attack on Big Tech — despite his status as a tech baron — elucidated one of the key themes of the ideology being expressed by the national conservatives, which is that the greatest threat to Americans doesn't come from the government, that old bogeyman of the conservative movement.

Yet success is no guarantee against a midlife crisis, and so it is that half a century after the basic mechanisms of plate tectonics were first elucidated, geologists are confronting surprising gaps in their understanding of a concept that is truly the bedrock of their profession.

Instead of admonishing parents who make the decision to look beyond their local public school for their kids&apos education, Warren — the noted progressive policy wonk — could have plainly elucidated her vision to improve public education so that more schools become these parents&apos first choice.

As elucidated in documents like Pope Pius XII's "Address to an International Congress of Anesthesiologists" from 1955 and the official 1980 "Declaration on Euthanasia," Catholic social teaching generally holds that the call to preserve life should be tempered by an awareness that life should not be artificially prolonged in all cases.

Yet I've noticed that even many of the raves for "A Star Is Born" come with some sort of disclaimer, a tendency that was expertly elucidated by the Vanity Fair critic Richard Lawson: I'm tempted to say that, yeah, sure, there is a little cheesiness to be found in the movie.

We're almost 90 minutes in before the uprising begins, but not a second feels unnecessary: Rather, some sections are so powerfully elucidated by the movie's commitment to context and nuance that even too-familiar tragedies — like the agonizing beatings of Rodney King and Reginald Denny — arrive freighted with fresh insight.

The challenges faced in these 21 papers, and those elucidated by other reproducibility studies, may lead to changing "policies and practices in social-behavioral sciences," according to an email sent to journalists by Brian Nosek, a psychology professor at the University of Virginia and executive director of the Center for Open Science.

Its critics have often focused on a string of rulings in the 1990s that elucidated and expanded the rights of Europeans to live and work across the EU. (More recently, the court has restricted EU migrants' rights to benefits.) They have watched with concern as EU treaties have expanded the court's responsibilities.

Art and the Feminist Revolution, presented at MoMA PS1 in 2008 — an exhibition that, as I wrote at the time, elucidated "a mutually supportive network that offered both a sense of purpose and a protected emotional space for experiment and play" — WOMAN emphasizes the position of the individual artist as an actor within a range of international movements, both aesthetic and political.

M.W.: I owe a huge debt to the work of Marxist feminists like Silvia Federici, Selma James and Mariarosa dalla Costa, or Nancy Holmstrom and Nancy Fraser, who have elucidated the extent to which romantic and sexual relationships are labor relationships, and the ideology surrounding female nature and the role of women in the nuclear family have served to justify our exploitation.

For lawmakers on the Senate Banking Committee, their hearing this morning elucidated a fresh sense that federal law may not be fully equipped to deal with a virtual currency that's now valued at around $113 billion — not to mention the potential for theft and fraud and the arrival of so-called initial coin offerings, which are essentially fundraising rounds that rely on digital tokens.

The facts you set out in your report and have elucidated here today tell a disturbing tale of a massive Russian intervention in our election of a campaign so eager to win, so driven by greed, that it was willing to accept the help of a hostile foreign power in a presidential election decided by a handful of votes in a few key states.

" In a statement, Meals on Wheels America further elucidated its fear that the Older Americans Act will take a hit under the final budget: "With a stated 17.9 percent cut to the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) budget, it is difficult to imagine a scenario in which these critical services would not be significantly and negatively impacted if enacted into law.

But the most interesting aspect of his father's story (one which I only found out many years later) was the papers he had written during his short career as an academic (at Coatbridge College), in particular a semi-autobiographical tract that had been suppressed by the college entitled "Fate Is Only Once," where he elucidated his theory of space and time (and their relationship to thoughts and deeds).

However the N terminal domain's function still remains to fully elucidated.

He elucidated the metabolism of the carcinogenic hydrocarbon 3,4-benzpyrene by fluorescence spectroscopy.

The pathogenesis of this mutation with the clinical manifestations has not been elucidated.

Factors involved in the processing of the intronic snoRNA have recently been elucidated.

A larger section may be elucidated through survey research and the work of nongovernmental organizations.

This protein family has two transmembrane helices. The precise crystal structure remains to be elucidated.

The mechanism behind these FP effects and their relevancy to humans have not been elucidated.

Though the exact mechanisms remain to be elucidated, RHOT1 has been implicated in promoting caspase- dependent apoptosis.

Currently, cyclophilin expression is highly correlated with cancer pathogenesis, but the specific mechanisms remain to be elucidated.

The Structure of a core Mediator (cMed) that's associated with a core pre-initiation complex was elucidated.

The exact function of EpCAM is currently being elucidated, but EpCAM appears to play many different roles.

The commonalities to current and future invasions may then be elucidated to predict the effects of environmental changes.

However, there is still much yet to be elucidated concerning specific molecular mechanisms of how alcohol affects memory formation.

Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft, 24: 3108–3126. The structure was elucidated by Eggers Doering and Knox in 1954.

Babylonian Talmud Yoma 41a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Abba Zvi Naiman et al., volume 13, page 41a.

These networks have been elucidated with behavioral, computational, and imaging studies, but the discovery of their exact organization is ongoing.

In Fiqh, Wasila al-Naja which due to its comprehensive nature, has been elucidated by many Fuqaha including Ruhollah Khomeini.

The SOS response to DNA damage was a seminal discovery because it was the first coordinated stress response to be elucidated.

While the biosynthesis has not been conclusively elucidated, brevianamide A and B are constructed from tryptophan, proline, and an isoprene unit.

Babylonian Talmud Bava Batra 88b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Yosef Asher Weiss, edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 45, pages 88b2–3. See also Babylonian Talmud Yevamot 21a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, Michoel Weiner, and Hillel Danziger, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 23, page 21a2. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1999.

Cannabidiol was isolated and identified from Cannabis sativa in 1940, and THC was isolated and its structure elucidated by synthesis in 1964.

The history and design of Soviet postage stamps were elucidated in the annual publication Soviet Collector and the monthly magazine Filateliya SSSR.

Babylonian Talmud Bava Batra 119b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Yosef Asher Weiss, edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 46, page 119b3.

The precise function of the central domain has not been fully elucidated, but it is thought to be important in aiding catalysis.

Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Yosaif Asher Weiss; edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 44, page 15b3. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1992. .

These ethical principles can be elucidated in slightly different ways, but the explanations provided by Beauchamp and Childress can be summarised as follows.

Babylonian Talmud Beitzah 2a–40b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Yisroel Reisman, edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 17. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1991.

The Torah: With Rashi's Commentary Translated, Annotated, and Elucidated. Translated and annotated by Yisrael Isser Zvi Herczeg, volume 4 (Bamidbar/Numbers), page 2.

Arlotta then studied another DNA binding protein NFX.1 and elucidated its possible biological roles beyond regulation of class II MHC gene expression.

Babylonian Talmud Eruvin 2a–b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Eruvin: Volume 1, elucidated by Yisroel Reisman, edited by Hersh Goldwurm (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1990), volume 7, pages 2a–b; Babylonian Talmud Shevuot 16b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Shevuos, elucidated by Michoel Weiner and Mordechai Kuber, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1994), volume 51, pages16b1–2.

In collaboration with Prof. Martha Ludwig they elucidated the first X-ray structure of vitamin B12 bound to a protein, cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase.

There are additional plastoquinone binding sites within photosystem II (QC and possibly QD), but their function and/or existence have not been fully elucidated.

Babylonian Talmud Megillah 16b. In, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Gedaliah Zlotowitz and Hersh Goldwurm; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 20, page 16b2.

Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Yisroel Reisman and Michoel Weiner; edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 8, page 54a2. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1991. .

Babylonian Talmud Eruvin 53a. Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Yisroel Reisman and Michoel Weiner; edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 8, page 53a1.

Bacteria produce both exo- and endotoxins. The role of the toxins identified in the process of melioidosis symptom development has not been fully elucidated.

In, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Gedaliah Zlotowitz; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 1, page 30b2. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1997.

Babylonian Talmud Bava Metzia 92a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Bava Metzia: Volume 3, elucidated by Shlomo Fox-Ashrei et al., volume 43, pages 92a2.

The dissent elucidated, "probable cause" and "extraordinary" circumstances as delineated in Terry v. Ohio, Whren v. United States, etc., have also proved less than problematic.

These constraints undoubtedly have implications for the species richness patterns for both large and small-bodied organisms, however the specifics have yet to be elucidated.

These efforts elucidated by prof Esmat were a backbone for the establishment of national guidelines strategy for the management of HCV, HBV and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Elucidated by Asher Dicker, Joseph Elias, and Dovid Katz; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 49, page 96b3. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1995. .

Emiliania huxleyi coccolithophore, the host of coccolithovirus. Notice the calcium carbonate shell. In 2009, MacKinder et al. elucidated the entry mechanism of the genera Coccolithovirus.

Reprinted in, e.g., Rashi. The Torah: With Rashi's Commentary Translated, Annotated, and Elucidated. Translated and annotated by Yisrael Isser Zvi Herczeg, volume 4, page 92.

Before the three- dimensional structure of complexed HLA-DO was elucidated by X-ray crystallography, its crystal structure was modeled after homology studies to classical MHC class II proteins. Following crystallization of the protein, HLA-DO was found to be conformationally similar to classical MHC class II protein, with alterations in the N-terminus. The structure of the free HLA-DO protein, however, remains to be elucidated.

The rules for writing Konkani in the Devanagari script are elucidated in a book released by the Goa Konkani Academy titled kōṅkaṇī śuddhalēkhanācē nēm. While the rules for writing Konkani in the Roman script are elucidated in a book titled thomas sṭīvans koṅkaṇi kēndr Romi Lipi by writer Pratap Naik, released by Konkani singer Ullās Buyā̃v at Dalgado Konkani Academy and in Romi Lipient Konknni Kors.

Throughout the 1960s, other features of coeliac disease were elucidated. Its hereditary character was recognised in 1965. In 1966, dermatitis herpetiformis was linked to gluten sensitivity.

The structure for piclamilast was first elucidated in a 1995 European patent application. The earliest mention of the name "piclamilast" was used in a 1997 publication.

While this theoretically translates into a faster onset of action for rabeprazole's acid-inhibiting effect, the clinical implications of this fact have yet to be elucidated.

This is particularly useful in situations where the gene sequence of a modular PKS is known but the final product structure has not yet been elucidated.

In, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Hillel Danziger and Yosaif Asher Weiss; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 38, pages 17a1–2. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1995.

Although the detailed molecular mechanism of PIN proteins polarity establishment remains to be elucidated, many endogenous and exogenous regulators of PIN proteins localisation have been characterised.

In, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Asher Dicker, Joseph Elias, and Dovid Katz; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 49, pages 109b3–4.

Thus, cyclophilins may function in cardioprotection during ischemia-reperfusion injury. Currently, cyclophilin expression is highly correlated with cancer pathogenesis, but the specific mechanisms remain to be elucidated.

Shortly after the compound's discovery, the Bristol-Myers Pharmaceutical Company elucidated the structure in Japan using X-ray diffraction studies of triacetyldynemicin A; a closely related compound.

Many episodes also feature some moral lesson, usually based upon Buddhist and/or Taoist philosophies, which are elucidated by the narrator at the end of various scenes.

In, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Michoel Weiner and Asher Dicker; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 48, page 47a2. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1994.

See also Babylonian Talmud Berakhot 4a. Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Gedaliah Zlotowitz; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 1, page 4a3.

Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Abba Zvi Naiman and Mendy Wachsman; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 40, page 92a4–5. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2001. .

Elucidated by Yosef Widroff, Mendy Wachsman, Israel Schneider, and Zev Meisels; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 2, page 62b4. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1997. .

These cooling methods have been used to deactivate neural tissues in several studies, and investigators have elucidated contributions of several brain regions to normal function and behavior.

Hennekam syndrome type I (a generalized lymphatic dysplasia in humans) is associated with mutations in the CCBE1 gene, and the molecular etiology of the disease has been elucidated.

Babylonian Talmud Chullin 91a. Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Eliezer Herzka and Mendy Wachsman; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 63, page 91a6.

Then no further mention of him is known. It is possible, judging by the contentious parts of his plays that the name was a non yet elucidated pseudonym.

Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 21b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Asher Dicker and Asher Tzvi Naiman; edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 47, page 21b4. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1993.

Hm1a also inhibits the slow inactivation of the Nav1.1 channel by preventing a current reduction in the ion channel, but the underlying mechanism has not yet been elucidated.

These studies and others supported the idea that bone cells create the HSC niche, and all the research that elucidated this specialized hematopoietic microenvironment stemmed from these landmark studies.

Elucidated by Mordechai Kuber and Michoel Weiner; edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 19, page 27b1. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1991. See also Megillah 31b. See also Babylonian Talmud Megillah 31b.

Many of these nutrients are known to play important functional roles within the gut, brain, and elsewhere in the body; the functions of other components are still being elucidated.

In, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Asher Dicker, Joseph Elias, and Dovid Katz; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 49, page 106a3. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1995.

In, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Avrohom Neuberger, Eliezer Herzka, Michoel Weiner, and Nasanel Kasnett; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 54, pages 12a1–2. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2002.

After wu 無 "dance" was borrowed as a loan for wu "not; without", the original meaning was elucidated with the 舛 "opposite feet" at the bottom of wu 舞 "dance".

When oxygen or the toxic carbon monoxide is bound the iron becomes hexacoordinated. The correct structures of heme B and heme S were first elucidated by German chemist Hans Fischer.

Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Asher Dicker, Joseph Elias, and Dovid Katz; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 49, page 90a7. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1995. .

Streptolidine is an amino acid isolated from the hydrolyzate of the Streptomyces antibiotics streptothricin and streptolin. Its structure was first elucidated by chemical degradation and later by x-ray crystallography.

Mishnah Arakhin 6:3, in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, Mishnah, page 817; Babylonian Talmud Arakhin 23b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Mendy Wachsman et al., volume 67, page 23b.

Babylonian Talmud Horayot 12a. Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Avrohom Neuberger, Eliezer Herzka, Michoel Weiner, and Nasanel Kasnett; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 54, pages 12a1–2.

In the following years, the knowledge concerning cytochalasin B was broadened. As the more general knowledge had been elucidated, more detailed analysis of e.g. the mechanism of action took place.

Babylonian Talmud Gittin 60a–b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Yitzchok Isbee and Mordechai Kuber; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 35, pages 60a3–b1. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1993.

Additionally, when the protein TUG becomes disrupted it appears to accelerate the degradation of GLUT4 in lysosomes. However, the functional role of the TUG–UBL1 domain remains to be elucidated.

Mishnah Bava Metzia 7:5, in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, Mishnah, page 547; Jerusalem Talmud Bava Metzia 27a, in, e.g., Talmud Yerushalmi: Tractate Bava Metzia, elucidated by Gershon Hoffman et al.

The significance of alternative splicing was elucidated using microarrary analysis of differentiating C2C12 myoblasts. 95 alternative splicing events occur during C2C12 differentiation in myogenesis. Therefore, alternative splicing is necessary in myogenesis.

Mishnah Arakhin 4:1, in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, Mishnah, pages 813–14; Babylonian Talmud Arakhin 17a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Mendy Wachsman et al., volume 67, page 17a.

Babylonian Talmud Bava Kamma 91b, Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Abba Zvi Naiman and Mendy Wachsman; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 40, page 91b1. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2001. .

Pioneering work in the 1980s elucidated that eosinophils were unique granulocytes, having the capacity to survive for extended periods of time after their maturation as demonstrated by ex-vivo culture experiments.

Babylonian Talmud Berakhot 55a. In, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Yosef Widroff, Mendy Wachsman, Israel Schneider, and Zev Meisels; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 2, page 55a2.

Babylonian Talmud Sotah 8b–9b. Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Avrohom Neuberger and Abba Zvi Naiman; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 33a, pages 8b2–9b3.

Monomorine I is a bicyclic amine that is the trail pheromone of Monomorium pharaonis. Its structure was first elucidated 1973. Synthetic monomorine might be used to lure ants to their doom.

In one of the breakthrough events in the field of polymer science, Szwarc elucidated that electron transfer occurred from radical anion of naphthalene to styrene. The results in the formation of a dianion (or equivalently disodio-) species, which rapidly added styrene to form a "two – ended living polymer." An important aspect of his work, Szwarc employed the aprotic solvent tetrahydrofuran. Being a physical chemist, Szwarc elucidated the kinetics and the thermodynamics of the process in considerable detail.

Rava interpreted the words "This is the thing" in to teach that the law prohibiting intermarriage between the tribes held only for the generation of Zelophehad's daughters.Babylonian Talmud Bava Batra 120a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Yosef Asher Weiss, edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 46, page 120a3; see also Babylonian Talmud Taanit 30b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Mordechai Kuber and Michoel Weiner, edited by Hersh Goldwurm (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1991), volume 19, page 30b2.

Schmidt A. Zur Blutlehre. Leipzig: Vogel, 1892. Arthus discovered in 1890 that calcium was essential in coagulation. Platelets were identified in 1865, and their function was elucidated by Giulio Bizzozero in 1882.

The eradication of indigenous people / people of color is institutionalized, and purposeful. This can be elucidated by the countries significant contribution to xenophobia: dislike of or prejudice against people from other countries.

Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 24a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Asher Dicker and Abba Tzvi Naiman; edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 47, page 24a3. Upper image: Abraham preparing to sacrifice his son.

See also Avodah Zarah 5b. In, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Avrohom Neuberger, Nasanel Kasnett, Zev Meisels, and Dovid Kamenetsky; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 52, page 5b2.

Babylonian Talmud Berakhot 55a. Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Yosef Widroff, Mendy Wachsman, Israel Schneider, and Zev Meisels; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 2, page 55a2.

His paintings are characterized by their bright clear palette often against a gilded and punched ground, and his wealth of naturalistic and ornamental detail. His artistic personality was first elucidated by Bernard Berenson.

Although in vivo studies in rats confirmed the uterotonic activity of the purified peptide, it was another 20 years before the cyclic cystine knot motif and structure of the purified peptide were elucidated.

The molecular basis for thin basement membrane disease has yet to be elucidated fully; however, defects in the gene encoding the a4 chain of type IV collagen have been reported in some families.

More recently, some of the complex immune system patterns that promote, or inhibit, the inherent inflammatory macrophage triggering processes involved in atheroma progression are slowly being better elucidated in animal models of atherosclerosis.

A Baraita taught that Zelophehad's daughters were wise, Torah students, and righteous.Babylonian Talmud Bava Batra 119b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Yosef Asher Weiss, edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 46, page 119b2.

See also Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 56a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Michoel Weiner and Asher Dicker; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 48, page 56a5. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1994.

This concept has been elucidated in cases like Najma Heptulla v. Orient Longman Ltd. and Ors. Section 19 of the Copyright Act 1957 lays down the modes of assignment of copyright in India.

Rather, the Gemara applied the saying to , as discussed above.Babylonian Talmud Megilah 16b. In, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Gedaliah Zlotowitz and Hersh Goldwurm; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 20, page 16b2.

Bernhard Brenner is a scientist who, through his experiments, elucidated the repeated cycles of stretch and release of muscle fibers under isometric conditions. Because of this, these cycles were named as "Brenner Cycles".

And reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Yosef Widroff, Mendy Wachsman, Israel Schneider, and Zev Meisels; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 2, page 55a2. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1997. .

The exact mechanism of this situation has yet to be elucidated; however, direct transmission is a distinct possibility, meaning the epigenetic marks were preserved during spermatogenesis and oogenesis, when they are normally erased.

Babylonian Talmud Yevamot 20b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, Michoel Weiner, and Hillel Danziger, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1999), volume 23, page 20b3.

Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:10, in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, Mishnah, page 539; Tosefta Bava Metzia 3:25, in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, Tosefta, volume 2, page 1042; Jerusalem Talmud Bava Metzia 16a, in, e.g., Talmud Yerushalmi: Tractate Bava Metzia, elucidated by Gershon Hoffman et al, volume 42, pages 16a3; Babylonian Talmud Bava Metzia 58b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Bava Metzia: Volume 2, elucidated by Mordechai Rabinovitch and Tzvi Horowitz, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 42, pages 58b1.

The function of Thy-1 has not yet been fully elucidated. It has speculated roles in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, with implication in neurite outgrowth, nerve regeneration, apoptosis, metastasis, inflammation, and fibrosis.

Babylonian Talmud Gittin 60a–b (Sasanian Empire 6th century), in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Yitzchok Isbee and Mordechai Kuber, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 35, pages 60a3–b1. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1993.

In addition, the sulfonamide functional group can also mimic the transition state structure. Evidence of boronic acid mimics as transition state analogue inhibitors of human arginase I was elucidated by x-ray crystal structures.

Mishnah Bikkurim 3:8, in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, Mishnah, page 174; Jerusalem Talmud Bikkurim 24b (3:4), in, e.g., Talmud Yerushalmi: Tractate Bikkurim, elucidated by Yehuda Jaffa, et al., volume 12, page 24b3.

Mishnah Bikkurim 3:10, in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, Mishnah, page 174; Jerusalem Talmud Bikkurim 25b (3:5), in, e.g., Talmud Yerushalmi: Tractate Bikkurim, elucidated by Yehuda Jaffa, et al., volume 12, page 25b2.

Mishnah Sotah 9:10, in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, Mishnah, page 464; Babylonian Talmud Sotah 47a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Sotah: Volume 2, elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, et al., volume 33b, page 47a6.

Sherman Morton Weissman is an American scientist and the Sterling Professor of Genetics at the Yale School of Medicine. A mentor to Francis Collins, Weissman elucidated the nucleic acid sequence of the SV40 genome.

Carl Henry Brans (; born December 13, 1935) is an American mathematical physicist best known for his research into the theoretical underpinnings of gravitation elucidated in his most widely publicized work, the Brans–Dicke theory.

Babylonian Talmud Niddah 15a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Hillel Danziger, Moshe Zev Einhorn, and Michoel Weiner, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 71, page 15a3. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1996.

The SREBPs were elucidated in the laboratory of Nobel laureates Michael Brown and Joseph Goldstein at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas. Their first publication on this subject appeared in October 1993.

In general, such silsesquioxane trisilanols form discrete dimers in the solid held together by cooperatively enhanced cyclic hydrogen bonded networks. These dimers are retained in solution and a dynamic equilibrium has been elucidated using NMR.

Peniculus minuticaudae is a species of parasitic pennellid copepod. It has been described in 1956, redescribed in 2012, and its complete life cycle has been elucidated on the cultured threadsail filefish, Stephanolepis cirrhifer in 2013.

Mayor Nicolae Costin's disease was very rapid, caesium being a radioactive element with a long disintegration. In the absence of a judicial inquiry, the causes of the tragic death of Nicolae Costin cannot be elucidated.

Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Yosef Asher Weiss, Michoel Weiner, Asher Dicker, Abba Zvi Naiman, Yosef Davis, and Israel Schneider; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 5, page 105a1. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1996. .

Babylonian Talmud Zevachim 115b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Israel Schneider, Yosef Widroff, Mendy Wachsman, Dovid Katz, Zev Meisels, and Feivel Wahl; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 57, page 115b4.

Babylonian Talmud Chullin 137a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Mendy Wachsman, Eliezer Herzka, Michoel Weiner, and Yosef Davis, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2003), volume 64, page 1373.

Babylonian Talmud Sotah 30b. Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, Moshe Zev Einhorn, Michoel Weiner, Dovid Kamenetsky, and Reuvein Dowek; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 33b, page 30b3.

Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, Moshe Zev Einhorn, Michoel Weiner, Dovid Kamenetsky, and Reuvein Dowek; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 33b, page 36a1. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2006. .

Their taxonomy may never be fully elucidated, and so their postulated status as a separate species is hypothetical. It is presumed to have gone extinct in the late 18th century, if it did indeed exist.

Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishers, 2002. . Babylonian Talmud Chullin 89b–103b. Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Eliezer Herzka and Mendy Wachsman; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 63, pages 89b2–103b3.

Babylonian Talmud Berakhot 40a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Yosef Widroff, Mendy Wachsman, Israel Schneider, and Zev Meisels; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 2, page 40a3. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1997.

Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Asher Dicker and Abba Zvi Naiman; edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 47, page 16b1. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1993. . Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Michoel Weiner and Mordechai Kuber; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 51, pages 14b4–15a1. Interpreting the words, "And they shall make an Ark," in Rabbi Judah ben Rabbi Shalom taught that God said that all should come and occupy themselves with the Ark so that they all might merit the Torah.

The Gemara deduced from the words "by their families, by their fathers' houses" in that the Torah identifies families by the father's line.Babylonian Talmud Nazir 49a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Nazir: Volume 2, elucidated by Mordechai Rabinovitch, edited by Hersh Goldwurm (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1993), volume 32, page 49a; Babylonian Talmud Bava Batra 109b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Bava Basra: Volume 2, elucidated by Yosef Asher Weiss, edited by Hersh Goldwurm (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1994), volume 45, page 109b; Babylonian Talmud Bekhorot 47a, in, e.g.

They elucidated the mechanism of induction of yeast metallothionein by copper ions, one of the first eukaryotic gene regulatory systems to be understood at the molecular level and a useful method for regulating therapeutic protein production.

Babylonian Talmud Zevachim 88b. Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Israel Schneider, Yosef Widroff, Mendy Wachsman, Dovid Katz, Zev Meisels, and Feivel Wahl; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 57, page 88b1.

Mishnah Sotah 7:5, in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, Mishnah, page 458; Babylonian Talmud Sotah 32a–b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Sotah: Volume 2, elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, et al., volume 33b, pages 32a–b.

Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Avrohom Neuberger, Reuvein Dowek, Eliezer Herzka, Asher Dicker, Mendy Wachsman, Nasanel Kasnett; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 39, pages 38a4–b1. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2001. .

While the exact mechanism by which microbes play a role in obesity has yet to be elucidated, it has been hypothesized that the intestinal microbiota is involved in converting food to usable energy and fat storage.

It is involved in low density lipoproteins (LDL) hormone-like effects on Ca2+-mobilization and increased cell migration as well as phenotype changes. Exact signaling partners and adapter proteins for T-cadherin remain to be elucidated.

Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, Michoel Weiner, Avrohom Neuberger, Dovid Arye Kaufman, and Asher Septimus; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 59, pages 43b3–4. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2002.

Translated by Jacob Neusner, pages 602–03. Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 78b–79a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Michoel Weiner and Asher Dicker; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 48, page 78b3–79a1.

As a result of these findings, the function of galactinol, a galactoside of inositol, as a galactosyl donor, was elucidated, and hence the role of inositol as a co-factor of sugar transfer reactions in plants.

Finally, the molecular mechanisms elucidated by Neuberger may be of great importance in understanding the mutational pattern of kataegis in breast cancer. Sadly, Michael Neuberger died from myeloma - the irony of which was not lost on him.

Mishnah Nazir 1:2, in, e.g., The Mishnah: A New Translation, translated by Jacob Neusner, page 431. Babylonian Talmud Nazir 3b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Mordechai Rabinovitch, edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 31, page 3b3.

Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, Asher Dicker, Nasanel Kasnett, Noson Boruch Herzka, Reuvein Dowek, Michoel Weiner, Mendy Wachsman, and Feivel Wahl; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 30, page 64b3.

Citing , the Gemara explained that the Merciful One made the obligation dependent upon the means of the one who vowed.Babylonian Talmud Arakhin 17a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Mendy Wachsman et al., volume 67, page 17a.

The mechanism of IL-37 functions is still to be elucidated. IL-37 possesses not only anti-inflmammatory effects but it is also important in antimicrobial response or antitumor immunity. The IL-37 acts intracellulary and extracellulary.

Babylonian Talmud Moed Katan 5a. In, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Gedaliah Zlotowitz, Michoel Weiner, Noson Dovid Rabinowitch, and Yosef Widroff; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 21, page 5a. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1999.

The pharmacokinetics of spironolactone have not been studied well, which is in part because it is an old medication that was developed in the 1950s. Nonetheless, much has been elucidated about the pharmacokinetics of spironolactone over the decades.

Some interesting aspects of particular mutations were also elucidated by the researchers, for example, CUBN mutation c.3890C>T; p.Pro1297Leu, was considered to be a Finnish founder mutation presenting mostly in homozygous status, while an AMN mutation c.

Physalaemin is a tachykinin peptide obtained from the Physalaemus frog, closely related to substance P. Its structure was first elucidated in 1964. Like all tachykinins, physalaemin is a sialagogue (increases salivation) and a potent vasodilator with hypotensive effects.

In the 1990s, Jones studied programmed cell death associated with plant cell differentiation. He elucidated the role of the vacuole in hydrolytic-based plant cell death.Jones, A M (2001) Programmed cell death in development and defense. Plant Physiol.

Usnic acid is a secondary metabolite in lichens whose role has not been completely elucidated. It is believed that usnic acid protects the lichen from adverse effects of sunlight exposure and deters grazing animals with its bitter taste.

In order to make sure he got them all he harnessed an algorithm elucidated by Nicolas Chuquet some one-hundred and fifty years earlier. Chuquet called it his "règle des nombres moyens". Today we call it the mediant.

Land of Israel, circa 400 CE, in, e.g., Talmud Yerushalmi. Elucidated by Mendy Wachsman, Gershon Hoffman, Abba Zvi Naiman, Michoel Weiner, David Azar, Menachem Goldberger, and Avrohom Neuberger; edited by Chaim Malinowitz and Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 12.

Further to this recognition of nestmates, Polistes biglumis foundresses discriminate between 'alien' eggs and their own via differential oophagy. The mechanism of differentiation is not elucidated, but is thought to be based upon differences in cuticular hydrocarbon odor.

Kanner EM, Klein IK. et al. (2002). "The amino terminus of opsin translocates "posttranslationally" as efficiently as cotranslationally". Biochemistry 41 (24): 7707–7715. . . A great deal of the mechanics of transmembrane topology and folding remains to be elucidated.

Nagata identified Interferon in 1980 and Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in 1986. He also identified a death factor (Fas receptor) in 1991 and its ligand (Fas ligand) in 1993, and elucidated their physiological and pathological roles in apoptosis.

2, p. 908–922; Karl Kautsky: Imperialism and the War, in: International socialist review, 15 (1914). Kautsky elucidated this thought in the September 1914 issue of Die Neue Zeit. He described the current phase of capitalism as imperialism.

Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, Yosef Davis, Hillel Danziger, Zev Meisels, Avrohom Neuberger, Henoch Moshe Levin, Yehezkel Danziger; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 29, page 20b4. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2000. .

Elucidated by Abba Zvi Naiman, Israel Schneider, Moshe Zev Einhorn, and Eliezer Herzka; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 18, page 11a1. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1999. . See also Genesis Rabbah 73:1. Reprinted in, e.g.

His lab elucidated different steps in the homing process of lymphocytes with a special focus on the integrin LFA-1. His research encompasses the cell adhesion molecules and chemotactic signals involved in lymphocyte migration in health and disease.

Ancient Pagan and Modern Christian Symbolism, Second Edition. New York: J. W. Bouton, 706 Broadway. 1875. In it he elucidated the origins of common symbols, some of them medical. Many of the symbols he discusses are in use today.

Babylonian Talmud Chullin 24a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Mordechai Rabinovitch, Nasanel Kasnett, and Zev Meisels, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 61, pages 24a2–3. See also Sifre to Numbers 62–63, in, e.g.

Jerusalem Talmud Bikkurim 23b. Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Yerushalmi. Elucidated by Yehuda Jaffa, Chaim Ochs, Michoel Weiner, Mordechai Smilowitz, Abba Zvi Naiman, and Avrohom Neuberger; edited by Chaim Malinowitz, Yisroel Simcha Schorr, and Mordechai Marcus, volume 12, page 23b3.

Babylonian Talmud Talmud Sanhedrin 86a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Asher Dicker, Joseph Elias, and Dovid Katz, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 49, page 86a3. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1995. See also Mekhilta Bahodesh 8.

Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, Yosef Davis, Hillel Danziger, Zev Meisels, Avrohom Neuberger, Henoch Moshe Levin, and Yehezkel Danziger; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 29, page 20b4. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2000. .

The HKB model, which has also been elucidated by several complex mathematical descriptors, is still a relatively simple but powerful way to describe seemingly-independent systems that come to reach synchrony just before a state of self-organized criticality.

In the last decade of his career he succeeded in demonstrating the separation of the inotropic and toxic properties of this group of compounds, elucidated the underlying chemical mechanism, and finally achieved the total synthesis of digitoxin and other cardioactive steroids.

Marguerite Lwoff published her solo research in 1940 on trypanosome metabolism, where she elucidated the role of hematin. Though the Lwoffs continued their partnership, Andre began to receive more and more credit and Marguerite was generally discounted as simply a technician.

Oophorectomy is associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures.Masters, W.H., et al. The Uterus, Physiological and Clinical Considerations Human Sexual Response 1966 p.111-140 A potential risk for oophorectomy performed after menopause is not fully elucidated.

Rabbi Akiva reasoned that specified disfigurement for the head, so it must mean disfigurement for the nails, as well.Babylonian Talmud Yevamot 48a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Yevamos: Volume 2, elucidated by Zev Meisels et al., volume 24, page 48a3.

Babylonian Talmud Yevamot 22a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Yevamos: Volume 1, elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, Michoel Weiner, and Hillel Danziger, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1999), volume 23, page 22a. Jerusalem: Koren Publishers, 2014.

The molecular basis for thin basement membrane disease has yet to be elucidated fully; however, defects in type IV collagen have been reported in some families. Some individuals with TBMD are thought to be carriers for genes that cause Alport syndrome.

Jerusalem Talmud Sotah 1a–52a. Tiberias, Land of Israel, circa 400 CE, in, e.g., Talmud Yerushalmi, elucidated by Avrohom Neuberger, Yehuda Jaffa, Mendy Wachsman, Shlomo Silberman, Mordechai Stareshefsky, Gershon Hoffman, edited by Chaim Malinowitz and Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 36.

Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2017. And Talmud Yerushalmi, elucidated by Gershon Hoffman, Abba Zvi Naiman, Mendy Wachsman, and Chaim Ochs, edited by Chaim Malinowitz and Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 37. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2017. Babylonian Talmud Sotah 2a–49b, in, e.g.

Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Shlomo Fox-Ashrei, Herzka, Noson Boruch Herzka, Tzvi Horowitz, Yitzchok Isbee, Dovid Kamenetsky, Nasanel Kasnett, Abba Zvi Naiman, Yosef Davis; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 43, page 86b. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1994. .

1894, 282, 1-21 . elucidated the constitution of pulvinic acid by synthesizing it through the basic hydrolysis of a corresponding dicyanocompound. In the process, he also obtained small amounts of a side-product. One year later Ludwig Claisen and Th. EwanL.

TTF-I and PTRF will then indirectly stimulate the reinitiation of transcription by Pol I at the same rDNA gene. In organisms such as budding yeast the process seems to be much more complicated and is still not completely elucidated.

Various neuroimaging studies have elucidated the brain systems underlying the capacity for mental time travel in adults. Early fMRI studies on the topic revealed a number of close correspondences between remembering past experiences and imagining future experiences in brain activity.

The exact mechanism of HIV- associated lipodystrophy is not fully elucidated. There is evidence indicating both that it can be caused by anti-retroviral medications and that it can be caused by HIV infection in the absence of anti-retroviral medication.

Babylonian Talmud Keritot 5b. In, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Eliahu Shulman, Dovid Arye Kaufman, Dovid Nachfolger, Menachem Goldberger, Michoel Weiner, Mendy Wachsman, Abba Zvi Naiman, and Zev Meisels; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 69, page 5b1.

Elucidated by Yehuda Jaffa, Gershon Hoffman, Mordechai Smilowitz, Abba Zvi Naiman, Chaim Ochs, and Mendy Wachsman; edited by Chaim Malinowitz, Yisroel Simcha Schorr, and Mordechai Marcus, volumes 13–15. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2013. Babylonian Talmud Shabbat 2a–157b. In, e.g.

Elucidated by Yehuda Jaffa, Gershon Hoffman, Mordechai Smilowitz, Abba Zvi Naiman, Chaim Ochs, and Mendy Wachsman; edited by Chaim Malinowitz, Yisroel Simcha Schorr, and Mordechai Marcus, volumes 13–15. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2013. Babylonian Talmud Shabbat 2a–157b. Reprinted in, e.g.

Scientists have elucidated that as well as eating up material debris, macrophages are involved in the typical limb regeneration in the salamander. They found that removing the macrophages from a salamander resulted in failure of limb regeneration and a scarring response.

Aside from his work on educational objectives and outcomes, Bloom also directed a research team that evaluated and elucidated the process of developing exceptional talents in individuals, shedding light upon the phenomena of vocational eminence and the concept of greatness.

Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, Asher Dicker, Nasanel Kasnett, Noson Boruch Herzka, Reuvein Dowek, Michoel Weiner, Mendy Wachsman, and Feivel Wahl; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 30, page 64b3. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2000. .

Jerusalem Talmud Berakhot 92a. Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Yerushalmi. Elucidated by Menachem Goldberger, Mendy Wachsman, Dovid Arye Kaufman, Eliezer Lachman, Abba Zvi Naiman, Michoel Weiner, Zev Meisels; edited by Chaim Malinowitz, Yisroel Simcha Schorr, and Mordechai Marcus, volume 2, page 92a2.

The expression of a protein named PTEF (after Plasmodium falciparum translation- enhancing factor) has been described to be necessary for the translation machinery to overcome the uORF and produce VAR2CSA protein, but the mechanism behind it remains to be elucidated.

Its true function has yet to be elucidated, but it is a suspected androgen receptor because it is up-regulated in the presence of androgens, but not glucocorticoids.Marchler-Bauer A et al. (2015), "CDD: NCBI's conserved domain database.", Nucleic Acids Res.

In addition, he elucidated the complex history of British and Scandinavian lead ores, and showed that the Tertiary acid magmas of Skye are re-melted Lewisian gneisses (more than 3,000 million years old) whereas those of Iceland are of mantle origin.

The Mishnah and the Talmud interpreted the laws of the firstborn's inheritance in in tractates Bava BatraMishnah Bava Batra 8:4–5 (Land of Israel, circa 200 CE), in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, The Mishnah: A New Translation (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988), pages 574–75; Babylonian Talmud Bava Batra 122b–34a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Bava Basra: Volume 3, elucidated by Yosef Asher Weiss, edited by Hersh Goldwurm (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1994), volume 46, pages 122b–34a], in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Bava Basra: Volume 3, elucidated by Yosef Asher Weiss, volume 46, pages 122b1–34a2.

Abraham then asked God what Israel would do when the Temple would no longer exist. God replied that whenever Jews read the Biblical text dealing with sacrifices, God would reckon it as if they were bringing an offering, and forgive all their iniquities.Babylonian Talmud Megillah 31b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Gedaliah Zlotowitz and Hersh Goldwurm, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1991), volume 20, page 31b1–2; see also Babylonian Talmud Taanit 27b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Mordechai Kuber and Michoel Weiner, edited by Hersh Goldwurm (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1991), volume 19, page 27b1.

Ramkin gives an underdeveloped dragon, Errol, to the Watch as a mascot. The leader of the Elucidated Brethren is initially successful in controlling the dragon, but he has not accounted for the dragon's own abilities. The banished dragon returns, and makes itself king of Ankh-Morpork (keeping the head of the Elucidated Brethren as its mouthpiece) and demands that the people of Ankh-Morpork bring it gold and regular virgin sacrifices. Shortly after, Vimes is imprisoned in the same cell as the Patrician, who has been leading a relatively comfortable life with the help of the rats he uses as spies.

Yisrael Isser Zvi Herczeg, editor, The Sapirstein Edition Rashi: The Torah with Rashi's Commentary Translated, Annotated, and Elucidated: Devarim/Deuteronomy (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1997), volume 5, pages 35–36. Nachmanides disagreed, concluding that Moses sent messengers to Sihon before God instructed Moses to go to war with Sihon.Torah With Ramban's Commentary Translated, Annotated, and Elucidated: Devarim/Deuteronomy, edited by Nesanel Kasnett, Yaakov Blinder, Yisroel Schneider, Leiby Schwartz, Nahum Spirn, Yehudah Bulman, Aron Meir Goldstein, and Feivel Wahl (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2008), volume 7, pages 65–67. The Book of Deuteronomy, Debarim (Hebrew with translation in Judo-Arabic, transcribed in Hebrew letters.

There is also a known interaction of clinafloxacin with phenytoin, resulting in a decrease in the clearance of phenytoin from the body. The increase in INR seen in patients taking both clinafloxacin and the anticoagulant warfarin has yet to be fully elucidated.

Ephrin-B2 affects VEGF- receptors (e.g.VEGFR3) through forward and reverse signalling pathways. The Ephrin-B2 path extends to lymphangiogenesis, leading to internalization of VEGFR3 in cultured lymphatic endothelial cells. Though the role of ephrins in developmental angiogenesis is elucidated, tumor angiogenesis remains nebulous.

The version was adopted by Marie-Félicité Brosset in the 19th century and survived into the 20th. It has been rejected by a number of scholars and Cyril Toumanoff eventually elucidated Bagrat's true origin as a grandson of Constantine I of Georgia.

The precise function of the YecM domain remains to be elucidated. However, YecM structural homologues reveal that all the proteins bind a divalent metal cation. This comparison suggests that YecM may be a metal-binding protein and therefore may function as an enzyme.

Ransom first described the genus Ostertagia in 1907, which currently contains approximately 15 species. All species of the genus Ostertagia infect domestic or wild ruminants. These species form a large and complex group, the taxonomy of which has not been fully elucidated.

The life-cycle of T. delbrueckii remains unclear. Some authors consider T. delbrueckii to be a haploid species, while more recent findings suggest T. delbrueckii have a mostly diploid homothallic life. To date, the life-cycle of the species is not formally elucidated.

Finally, he elucidated unexpected links between these mRNA processing reactions and transcription, DNA damage signaling and maintenance of genomic stability. His work has thus provided considerable insight into the complex mechanisms that are essential for the regulated production of mRNAs in mammalian cells.

Translated by Jacob Neusner, pages 739–40. Babylonian Talmud Menachot 28a; reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Abba Zvi Naiman, Eliezer Herzka, Zev Meisels, Hillel Danziger, and Avrohom Neuberger; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 58, pages 28a2.

He also discovered the cognate catabolic enzyme, poly(ADP- ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) and further elucidated the biology of poly(ADP- ribose). The astonishing discovery of pierisin, an apoptogenic peptide that ADP-ribosylates DNA, profoundly illuminates his scientific character and curiosity as well.

Hughson, David. (1813) The East-India Question Fairly Elucidated &c.; London: C. Chapple. p. 3. The last original work published in his name was his 1829 revision of William Augustus Henderson's Modern Domestic Cookery (best known as the author of The Housekeeper's Instructor).

452 pp. , , p. 191 Previously considered to be a colour variety of Hypselodoris maculosa the distinctive features of this species were elucidated by an integrated molecular and morphological study.Epstein, H. E.; Hallas, J. M.; Johnson, R. F.; Lopez, A.; Gosliner, T. M. (2018).

In, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Asher Dicker and Abba Zvi Naiman; edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 47, pages 5a1–2. The School of Rabbi Shila read the words of , "until Shiloh come," to teach that "Shiloh" is the name of the Messiah.

Elucidated by Yisroel Reisman; edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 17. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1991. Tractate Bekhorot in the Mishnah, Tosefta, and Talmud interpreted the laws of the firstborn in 12–13; and and and Mishnah Bekhorot 1:1–6:12. In, e.g.

The class of boranes was elucidated using X-ray diffraction analysis by Lipscomb et. al. in the 1950s. The X-ray data indicated two- electron multicenter bonds. Later, analysis based on high-resolution X-ray data was performed to analyze the charge density.

The precise biochemical activity of these compounds, that gives them their insecticidal activity, has not yet been elucidated. The most likely hypothesis is that benzoylphenyl ureas interrupt the in vivo synthesis and transport of specific proteins required for assemblage of polymeric chitin.

Babylonian Talmud Yevamot 103a–b. Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Yosef Davis, Dovid Kamenetsky, Moshe Zev Einhorn, Michoel Weiner, Israel Schneider, Nasanel Kasnett, and Mendy Wachsman; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, Chaim Malinowitz, and Mordechai Marcus, volume 25, pages 103a4–b1.

Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:1, in, e.g., The Mishnah: A New Translation, translated by Jacob Neusner, page 602. Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 75a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Michoel Weiner and Asher Dicker, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 48, page 75a3.

This loss of activity complicates detection of these enzymes. Zymography, through its high sensitivity and multiplex nature allows for the simultaneous distinction between multiple cathepsins. Very small amounts of enzymatic activity can be elucidated and is capable of resolving a femtomole of cathepsin K activity.

California State University Long Beach. Retrieved: April 5, 2010. Lindbergh elucidated his beliefs regarding the white race in a 1939 article in Reader's Digest: Lindbergh said certain races have "demonstrated superior ability in the design, manufacture, and operation of machines".Cole 1974, pp. 81–82.

Francis v. Franklin, 471 U.S. 307 (1985), is a United States Supreme Court decision reaffirming due process principles elucidated in Sandstrom v. Montana, that the prosecution bears the burden of proof of establishing the mental element of intent.Criminal Law - Cases and Materials, 7th ed.

The mechanism of action of spinorphin has not been fully elucidated (i.e., how it acts to inhibit the enkephalinases), but it has been found to act as an antagonist of the P2X3 receptor, and as a weak partial agonist/antagonist of the FP1 receptor.

Mishnah Bava Kamma 9:7, in, e.g., The Mishnah: A New Translation, translated by Jacob Neusner, page 524. Babylonian Talmud Bava Kamma 103b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Abba Zvi Naiman and Mendy Wachsman, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 40, page 103b1.

The Tanna concluded that as required laying on of hands for voluntary burnt offerings, the law also required laying on of hands for obligatory burnt offerings.Babylonian Talmud Beitzah 20a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Yisroel Reisman, edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 17, page 20a1.

Mishnah Bava Kamma 9:8, in, e.g., The Mishnah: A New Translation, translated by Jacob Neusner, pages 524–25. Babylonian Talmud Bava Kamma 108b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Abba Zvi Naiman and Mendy Wachsman, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 40, page 108b4.

These studies were accompanied by theoretical developments and simulations involving RNA folding and replication kinetics that elucidated the importance of the correlation structure between distance in sequence space and fitness changes [ref], including the role of neutral networks and structural ensembles in evolutionary optimisation.

Accessed on 2009-2-26. Laves phases are of particular interest in modern metallurgy research because of their abnormal physical and chemical properties. Many hypothetical or primitive applications have been developed. However, little practical knowledge has been elucidated from Laves phase study so far.

Mishnah Bava Kamma 9:6, in, e.g., The Mishnah: A New Translation, translated by Jacob Neusner, page 524. Babylonian Talmud Bava Kamma 103a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Abba Zvi Naiman and Mendy Wachsman, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 40, pages 103a3–4.

Jerusalem Talmud Pesachim 28b. Land of Israel, circa 400 CE, in, e.g., Talmud Yerushalmi. Elucidated by Zev Dickstein, Chaim Ochs, Gershon Hoffman, Mendy Wachsman, Abba Zvi Naiman, and Avrohom Neuberger, edited by Chaim Malinowitz, Yisroel Simcha Schorr, and Mordechai Marcus, volume 18, pages 28a4–b1.

See also Rashi. Commentary to 8:4. Troyes, France, late 11th century, in, e.g., Rashi. The Torah: With Rashi’s Commentary Translated, Annotated, and Elucidated. Translated and annotated by Yisrael Isser Zvi Herczeg, volume 4, pages 90–91. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1994. (the Menorah made itself).

Jerusalem Talmud Peah 8b. In, e.g., Talmud Yerushalmi. Elucidated by Feivel Wahl, Henoch Moshe Levin, Menachem Goldberger, Avrohom Neuberger, Mendy Wachsman, Michoel Weiner, and Abba Zvi Naiman; edited by Chaim Malinowitz, Yisroel Simcha Schorr, and Mordechai Marcus, volume 3, page 8b1. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2006.

Commentary by Adin Even- Israel (Steinsaltz), volume 1, page 367. And reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Yosef Widroff, Mendy Wachsman, Israel Schneider, and Zev Meisels; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 2, pages 56b5–6. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1997. .

The confusion has been elucidated by Thomas Reinesius and Apostolo Zeno. While Barletius in his works calls himself "sacerdotis Scodrensis" (priest of Scodra), Becichemi professes himself married and a "father of boys", professor of Ragusa, Brescia, and Padua, neither of which applies to Barletius.

Land of Israel, circa 400 CE. Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Yerushalmi. Elucidated by Zev Dickstein, Chaim Ochs, Gershon Hoffman, Mendy Wachsman, Abba Zvi Naiman, and Avrohom Neuberger; edited by Chaim Malinowitz, Yisroel Simcha Schorr, and Mordechai Marcus, volume 18, page 13a4. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2011. .

In, e.g., Talmud Yerushalmi. Elucidated by Yehuda Jaffa, Gershon Hoffman, Mordechai Smilowitz, Abba Zvi Naiman, Chaim Ochs, and Mendy Wachsman; edited by Chaim Malinowitz, Yisroel Simcha Schorr, and Mordechai Marcus, volumes 13–15. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2013. Babylonian Talmud Shabbat 2a–157b, in, e.g.

Translated by Jacob Neusner, page 739. Babylonian Talmud Menachot 27a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Abba Zvi Naiman, Eliezer Herzka, Zev Meisels, Hillel Danziger, and Avrohom Neuberger, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 58, page 27a3. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2002.

In, e.g., Koren Talmud Bavli: Tractate Berakhot. Commentary by Adin Even- Israel (Steinsaltz), volume 1, page 280. Babylonian Talmud Sotah 10b. In, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Avrohom Neuberger and Abba Zvi Naiman; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 33a, page 10b2.

One function that has been elucidated involves the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADAR), which acts on RNA. ADAR affects a series of cellular processes, including alternative splicing, microRNAs, the innate immune system, and leads to protein recoding especially for important receptors in the central nervous system.

Accordingly, many p97/CDC48 coenzymes and adaptors have domains that can recognize ubiquitin. It has become evident that the interplays between ubiquitin and p97/CDC48 cofactors are critical for many of the proposed functions, although the precise role of these interactions remains to be elucidated.

Babylonian Talmud Nedarim 64b. Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, Asher Dicker, Nasanel Kasnett, Noson Boruch Herzka, Reuvein Dowek, Michoel Weiner, Mendy Wachsman, and Feivel Wahl; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 30, page 64b3. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2000. .

Starting in the 1970s, melonates have attracted new interest, motivated by research in cubic carbon nitride c-. Salts of many cations have been synthesized and studied, including mixed-cation salts and calcium hydrogenmelonate . The structure of potassium melonate pentahydrate was elucidated only in 2005.

Rabbi Ammi cited the spies' statement in that the Canaanite cities were "great and fortified up to heaven" to show that the Torah sometimes exaggerated.Babylonian Talmud Chullin 90b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Chullin: Volume 3, elucidated by Eliezer Herzka and Mendy Wachsman, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2003), volume 63, page 90b; Babylonian Talmud Tamid 29a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Me’ilah: Tractate Kinnim: Tractate Tamid: Tractate Middos, elucidated by Avrohom Neuberger, Nasanel Kasnett, Abba Zvi Naiman, Henoch Moshe Levin, Eliezer Lachman, and Ari Lobel, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2004), volume 70, page 29a.

Rabbi Judah explained that mentioned the two goats equally because they should be alike in color, height, and value.Babylonian Talmud Shevuot 13b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Michoel Weiner and Mordechai Kuber, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 51, page 13b3. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1994.

During cancer, key elements of this feedback fail. This disrupts tissue function and immunity. Mechanisms of feedback were first elucidated in bacteria, where a nutrient elicits changes in some of their metabolic functions. Feedback is also central to the operations of genes and gene regulatory networks.

Glucose oxidase enzyme powder from Aspergillus niger. GOx is a dimeric protein, the 3D structure of which has been elucidated. The active site where glucose binds is in a deep pocket. The enzyme, like many proteins that act outside of cells, is covered with carbohydrate chains.

2007) pp 952: Hatch, Marshall Davidson (1932-). In Australia, in 1966, he elucidated, jointly with Charles Roger Slack, the C4 pathway for the fixation of carbon, which is also sometimes known as the Hatch-Slack pathway. He is now retired.ASPS Life Membership Retrieved 5 May 2016.

Paralleling the work of German Otto Fritz Meyerhof, Hill elucidated the processes whereby mechanical work is produced in muscles. The two shared the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for this work. Hill introduced the concepts of maximal oxygen uptake and oxygen debt in 1922.

Mishnah Sanhedrin 7:7Mishnah Sanhedrin 7:7, in, e.g., The Mishnah: A New Translation. Translated by Jacob Neusner, page 598. Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 64a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Michoel Weiner and Asher Dicker, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 48, page 64a3.

The mechanisms of the complex pathways of metabolic syndrome are under investigation. The pathophysiology is very complex and has been only partially elucidated. Most people affected by the condition are older, obese, sedentary, and have a degree of insulin resistance. Stress can also be a contributing factor.

The Zohar taught that a dream is a sixtieth part of prophecy,See also Babylonian Talmud Berakhot 57b. Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Yosef Widroff, Mendy Wachsman, Israel Schneider, and Zev Meisels; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 2, page 57b3.

Translated, annotated, and elucidated by Yaakov Blinder, volume 2, page 405. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2005. . Nachmanides noted that it is unclear whether Joseph paid money for the food from the royal treasury at a low price or Pharaoh took the food by force.Nachmanides. Commentary on the Torah.

Thiel's research elucidated atomic-scale structures and processes on solid surfaces, in areas relevant to microelectronics, tribology, heterogeneous catalysis, and nanoscience. She published over 300 research papers, which have been cited about 12,000 times, effective 2019. She is especially known for work in the following three areas.

If the mechanisms of rejection-immunity of the fetus could be elucidated, it could avail for interspecific pregnancy, having, for example pigs carry human fetuses to term as an alternative to a human surrogate mother.Darwin's children LeVay, Simon. (1997, October 14). from The Free Library. (1997).

Die Principien der Wärmelehre. Historisch-kritisch entwickelt, Johann Ambrosius Barth, Leipzig, section 22, pages 56-57. English translation edited by McGuinness, B. (1986), Principles of the Theory of Heat, Historically and Critically Elucidated, D. Reidel Publishing, Dordrecht, , section 5, pp. 48–49, section 22, pages 60–61.

PMID: 23657496 His work has also elucidated how the dysregulation of CRLs contributes to malignant transformation and metastasis, uncovering new therapeutic strategies.Frescas D, Pagano M. Deregulated proteolysis by the F-box proteins SKP2 and beta-TrCP: tipping the scales of cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2008 8:438-49.

Scholars have elucidated that there are perhaps up to thirteen various regions known as Najd. The geographer and Islamic scholar, of Greek origin, Imam Yaqut al-Hamawi in his encyclopedic work Mu'jam al-Buldan explained the various regions of najd as; 1\. Najd Yemen. 2\. Najd Iraq. 3\.

About all we can deduce from such a passage is that the artist > does not really know what he is doing; a doctrine which we shall find > suggested and elucidated elsewhere, and which leads directly to the plainest > kind of determinism.Yvor Winters, In Defense of Reason, p460 and thereafter.

Commentary by Adin Even- Israel (Steinsaltz), volume 9, pages 63–64. Babylonian Talmud Menachot 89a. Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Yosef Davis, Eliezer Herzka, Abba Zvi Naiman, Zev Meisels, Noson Boruch Herzka, and Avrohom Neuberger; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 60, page 89a4.

Dallmayr's brings an original interpretation of Heidegger's works. He was among the first in the English-speaking world to realize that Heidegger's philosophical work “was much broader than the particular Nazi episode.”Dallmayr, On the Boundary, 43. He has elucidated Heidegger's work in several of his own major works.

Variants include homoatromentic acid. This pigment has been studied and elucidated by Wolfgang Steglich and colleagues over decades. When atromentin is oxidised with hydrogen peroxide a yellow product is produced. A sodium hydroxide solution is also yellow, but when this is neutralized with acid the red atromentic acid crystallises.

Babylonian Talmud Menachot 110a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Yosef Davis, Eliezer Herzka, Abba Zvi Naiman, Zev Meisels, Noson Boruch Herzka, and Avrohom Neuberger, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 60, page 110a3. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2003. See also Babylonian Talmud Berakhot 5b, in, e.g.

The function of the remainder of the hydroxylated E2 metabolites (6α-, 6β-, 7α-, 12β-, 15α-, 15β-, and 16β-OHE2) remain to be elucidated. Some of these metabolites, such as 15α-OHE2, are excreted in relatively large amounts in pregnant women, possibly serving as an indicator of good fetal health.

Currently, cyclophilin expression is highly correlated with cancer pathogenesis, but the specific mechanisms remain to be elucidated. For instance, studies identify PPIC as a reliable indicator of circulating tumor cells in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and, thus, may serve as a biomarker for detection and treatment of the cancer.

Wnt4, Wnt5, and Wnt6 function to increase the expression of both of the regulatory factors but at a more subtle level. Additionally, MyoD increases Wnt3a when myoblasts undergo differentiation. Whether MyoD is activated by Wnt via cis-regulation direct targeting or through indirect physiological pathways remains to be elucidated.

For example, heterogeneous samples, rare cell types, cell lineage relationships, mosaicism of somatic tissues, analyses of microbes that cannot be cultured, and disease evolution can all be elucidated through single cell sequencing. Single cell sequencing was selected as the method of the year 2013 by Nature Publishing Group.

The Torah: With Rashi's Commentary Translated, Annotated, and Elucidated. Translated and annotated by Yisrael Isser Zvi Herczeg, volume 1, page 43. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1995. Nachmanides read God's words "And unto you is its longing" in to teach that sin longs to cleave to a person at all times.

Several propagation methods have been proposed that occur by synaptic contact such as synaptic cell adhesion proteins, neuronal activity and other synaptic and non-synaptic mechanisms. The mechanism of tau aggregation is still not completely elucidated, but several factors favor this process, including tau phosphorylation and zinc ions.

They also illustrate the limitations of the analogy between optical and particle physics interferometry: They prove that Bose–Einstein correlations between two photons are different from those between two identically charged pions, an issue which had led to misunderstandings in the theoretical literature and which was elucidated in.

Julije Domac elucidated the structure of hexene and mannitol obtained from Caspian manna. He determined the place of the double bond in hexene obtained from mannitol and proved that it is a derivative of a normal hexene. This also solved the structure of mannitol, which was unknown until then.

It is proposed that this release is involved in neurogenic inflammation, which is a local inflammatory response to certain types of infection or injury. Unfortunately, the reasons why NK1RAs have failed as efficacious analgesics in well-conducted clinical proof of concept studies have not yet been persuasively elucidated.

Translated by Jacob Neusner, pages 836–37. Babylonian Talmud Keritot 2a. In, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Eliahu Shulman, Dovid Arye Kaufman, Dovid Nachfolger, Menachem Goldberger, Michoel Weiner, Mendy Wachsman, Abba Zvi Naiman, and Zev Meisels; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 69, pages 2a1–5.

Focused largely on the rights and obligations of citizens and states, Vattel's work also had ramifications for Just War Theory as it outlined international diplomacy as we now know it. Vattel elucidated the "Golden Rule of Sovereigns": > One cannot complain when he is treated as he treats others.

Resh Lakish read Moses' recollection of the matter in that "the thing pleased me well" to mean that sending the spies pleased Moses well but not God.Babylonian Talmud Sotah 34b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Sotah: Volume 1, elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, et al., volume 33b, page 34b1.

The Gemara interpreted the law of the Kohen's adulterous daughter in in Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 49b–52a.Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 49b–52a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Michoel Weiner and Asher Dicker, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 48, page 49b3–52a1. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1994.

Babylonian Talmud Beitzah 2a–40b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Yisroel Reisman, edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 17. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1991. Tractate Pesachim in the Mishnah, Tosefta, Jerusalem Talmud, and Babylonian Talmud interpreted the laws of the Passover (, Pesach) in , 43–49; ; ; ; ; ; 28:16–25; and .

Harald Prokop is the Chief Technical Officer of SCVNGR, parent company of LevelUp, as of April 2012. He worked at Akamai Technologies from 1999 to 2012, where he was Senior Vice President of Engineering and is also known for having elucidated the concept of the cache-oblivious algorithm.

The Stahl oxidation is a component of the undergraduate organic chemistry laboratory curriculum at UW-Madison. In 2013, the mechanism for the copper(I)/TEMPO oxidation of alcohols was elucidated, and it was found the use of less hindered nitroxyl radical sources allowed for the oxidation of secondary alcohols.

Many efforts to understand the potent toxicity of the Cyanea sting have spanned the realm of biochemical technique. Researchers have elucidated that tentacle extract, essentially essence of tentacle exhibits hemolytic and cardiovascular toxicity simultaneously. Research also shows that pouring saltwater into stings significantly increases flow of venom into body.

Translated by Jacob Neusner, page 1010. the Gemara taught that if any of them cut their hair without a razor, or left behind two hairs, their act was invalid.Babylonian Talmud Nazir 40a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Mordechai Rabinovitch, edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 32, pages 40a2.

Babylonian Talmud Menachot 110a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Yosef Davis, Eliezer Herzka, Abba Zvi Naiman, Zev Meisels, Noson Boruch Herzka, and Avrohom Neuberger, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 60, page 110a3. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2003. See also Babylonian Talmud Berakhot 5b, in, e.g.

Mishnah Kiddushin 1:2, in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, Mishnah, pages 487–88; Tosefta Kiddushin 1:5–6, in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, Tosefta, volume 1, pages 926–27; Jerusalem Talmud Kiddushin 5b–11b (1:2), in, e.g., Talmud Yerushalmi: Tractate Kiddushin, elucidated by Aron Meir Goldstein, Gershon Hoffman, Yehuda Jaffa, Chaim Ochs, Mordechai Smilowitz, Mordechai Stareshefsky, Mendy Wachsman, Shlomo Silverman, Kalman Redisch, edited by Chaim Malinowitz, Yisroel Simcha Schorr (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2017), volume 40, pages 5b1–11b1; Babylonian Talmud Kiddushin 14b–22b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Kiddushin: Volume 1, elucidated by David Fohrman, Dovid Kamenetsky, and Hersh Goldwurm, edited by Hersh Goldwurm (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1992), volume 36, pages 14b–22b.

The novel was published for the first time in 1976, including the three previous variants which Yeats wrote for his novel. The second edition, with new annotations being added, was published in 2003. Both of the editions were edited, expounded and elucidated, by the author and literary critic William H. O'donnell.

These chloride channels have an important role in the control of membrane excitability, transepithelial transport, and possibly cell volume. The mechanisms by which CLC-5 dysfunction results in hypercalciuria and the other features of Dent's disease remain to be elucidated. The identification of additional CLCN5 mutations may help in these studies.

All of these proteins likely play a role in maintaining healthy mitochondria, but mutations have shown that dysregulation can lead to a selective degradation of mitochondria. Whether these proteins work in concert, are main players in mitophagy, or members in a larger network to control autophagy still remains to be elucidated.

According to this interpretation the passages call for total nonresistance to the point of facilitating aggression against oneself, and since human governments defend themselves by military force, some have advocated Christian anarchism, including Leo Tolstoy who elucidated his reasoning in his 1894 book The Kingdom of God Is Within You.

The Gemara explained that this is so because uses the expression "shall be" in this connection.Babylonian Talmud Menachot 28a. Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Abba Zvi Naiman, Eliezer Herzka, Zev Meisels, Hillel Danziger, and Avrohom Neuberger; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 58, pages 28a3.

Reprinted in, e.g., The Mishnah: A New Translation. Translated by Jacob Neusner, pages 700–01. Babylonian Talmud Zevachim 15b. Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Abba Zvi Naiman, Israel Schneider, and Michoel Weiner; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 55, page 15b3. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1995. .

Since 2003, Vale has focused on dynein, a motor protein discovered by Ian R. Gibbons in 1965. Although its discovery occurred 20 years before kinesin, its large size hampered its investigation. In 2006, Vale's laboratory prepared recombinant dynein from yeast, and elucidated how it walked on microtubules using single-molecule microscopy.

In the medieval text the Tomer Devorah, Moses ben Jacob Cordovero elucidated the ethical qualities associated with each sefira, which one must attempt to imitate. The attribute associated with Binah is complete repentance, for 'just as Binah sweetens all severities and neutralizes their bitterness, one should repent and rectify all flaws'.

The importance of the AT to the stringent incorporation of specific extender unit in the synthesis of polyketide building blocks makes it vital that the mechanism and structure of these domains be well-elucidated in order to develop efficient strategies for the regiospecific engineering of extender unit incorporation in polyketide biosynthesis.

The Gemara cited their doing so to support the law that one who is engaged on one religious duty is free from any other.Babylonian Talmud Sukkah 25a. In, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Asher Dicker and Avrohom Neuberger; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 15, page 25a4.

Burana 600 mg -ibuprofen package. NSAIDs can be classified based on their chemical structure or mechanism of action. Older NSAIDs were known long before their mechanism of action was elucidated and were for this reason classified by chemical structure or origin. Newer substances are more often classified by mechanism of action.

However, it is being elucidated that HDL subspecies also contain proteins involved in the following functions: homeostasis, fibrinogen, clotting cascade, inflammatory and immune responses, including the complement system, proteolysis inhibitors, acute-phase response proteins, and the LPS-binding protein, heme and iron metabolism, platelet regulation, vitamin binding and general transport.

Reprinted in, e.g., Ramban: The Torah with Ramban’s Commentary: Bereishis/Genesis. Translated, annotated, and elucidated by Yaakov Blinder, volume 2, page 528. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2005. . Reading “He [Joseph] removed the population to cities,” Rashbam commented, “Just as Sennacherib did,” citing likening Joseph to a hated Assyrian king who besieged Jerusalem.Rashbam.

With the administration of phenserine, 70% or higher AChE inhibitory action in the blood was observed in preclinical studies and with systemic phenserine administration, the extracellular ACh level in the striatum increased up to three times. Through PET studies and microdialysis, the compound’s brain permeability was able to be further elucidated.

And to that Aaron replied that the meat had accidentally become defiled after the sacrifice.Babylonian Talmud Zevachim 101a–b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Israel Schneider, Yosef Widroff, Mendy Wachsman, Dovid Katz, Zev Meisels, and Feivel Wahl, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 57, page 101a–b.

Mishnah Chullin 3:6, in, e.g., The Mishnah: A New Translation, translated by Jacob Neusner, page 772; Babylonian Talmud Chullin 59a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Eli Baruch Shulman and Eliezer Herzka, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 62, page 59a1–2. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2004.

Monsey, New York: Eastern Book Press, 2006. Reading and 22 (and other verses), Rabbi Johanan noted that the lion has six namesBabylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 95a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Asher Dicker, Joseph Elias, and Dovid Katz; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 49, page 95a1.

Hence, Cdc4 is a protein "with separable but complementary functions in control of cell proliferation and differentiation". This evokes the assumption -beyond regulating cell cycle progression- Cdc4 as a tumor suppressor protein may extend its ability to directly regulate tissue differentiation. However, its concrete role in diseases is still to be elucidated.

The context of the Quran is elucidated by Hadith (the teachings, deeds and sayings of Muhammad). Of the 199 references to jihad in perhaps the most standard collection of hadith—Bukhari—all refer to warfare.Muhammad ibn Isma'il Bukhari, The Translation of the Meaning of Sahih al-Bukhari, trans. Muhammad Muhsin Khan, 8 vols.

However, researchers claim that 80 percent of these factors cannot be elucidated, which often causes difficulty in understanding the gap. In order to calculate the gap, New Zealand makes use of several different methods. The official gap is calculated by Statistics New Zealand. They use the difference between men and women's hourly revenue.

The biology of Chyromyidae is poorly known and no life history of any species has been elucidated. Adults are xerophilic and have been collected on flowering plants. There appears to be some association with bird and mammalian nests,Collin, J.E. 1933. Five new species of Diptera. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 69: 272–275.

Reprinted in, e.g., The Mishnah: A New Translation, translated by Jacob Neusner, page 739. Babylonian Talmud Menachot 28a. Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Abba Zvi Naiman, Eliezer Herzka, Zev Meisels, Hillel Danziger, and Avrohom Neuberger; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 58, pages 28a2. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2002. .

The reaction was discovered in 1907 by the German chemist Hermann Staudinger. The reaction did not attract interest until the 1940s, when the structure of penicillin was elucidated. The β-lactam moiety of the first synthetic penicillin was constructed using this cycloaddition, and it remains a valuable tool in synthetic organic chemistry.

The complete biosynthesis of thapsigargin has yet to be elucidated. A proposed biosynthesis starts with the farnesyl pyrophosphate. The first step is controlled by the enzyme germacrene B synthase. In the second step, the C(8) position is easily activated for an allylic oxidation due to the position of the double bond.

Helene George and Regine Terracol discovered the first vrille alleles (vri and vri) in 1997 by EMS-mutagenesis assay and found their products to be transcription factors involved in embryogenesis. Justin Blau elucidated additional "vrille" implications in 1999 while screening for clock-controlled genes in Drosophila heads that responded to PER/TIM heterodimers.

Cholinergic urticaria (CU) is one of the physical urticaria which is provoked during sweating events such as exercise, bathing, staying in a heated environment, or emotional stress. The hives produced are typically smaller than classic hives and are generally shorter-lasting. Multiple subtypes have been elucidated, each of which require distinct treatment.

He offered instead to emphasize the universalist aspects of this belief, while obfuscating the particularist ones. Mevorach observed that Muhr elucidated what was to become a tenet of nascent Reform Judaism: preserving the Messianic ideal, yet transforming it into "a Jewish hope for a universal redemption of all mankind."Mevorah, pp. 199-201.

The structure and working mechanism of batroxobin extracted from the Bothrops moojeni have been thoroughly studied. Various subspecies exist and the working mechanisms of each batroxobin differ. As such, the structure of Bothrops moojeni batroxobin is further elucidated. The structure of batroxobin has been studied by various research groups throughout the years.

Morindin is an anthraquinone glycoside present in several Morinda species, especially M. tinctoria (the Indian mulberry tree) and M. citrifolia (noni). Chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis of morindin yields its bright red aglycone, morindone. The structure and formula of morindin were first elucidated by Thomas Edward Thorpe and T. H. Greenall in 1887.

The biosynthesis of cucurbitacin C has been described. Zhang et al. (2014) identified nine cucumber genes in the pathway for biosynthesis of cucurbitacin C and elucidated four catalytic steps. These authors also discovered the transcription factors Bl (Bitter leaf) and Bt (Bitter fruit) that regulate this pathway in leaves and fruits, respectively.

Physical activity is often recommended for the conservative management of sciatica for persons that are physically able. However, the difference in outcomes between physical activity compared to bed rest have not been fully elucidated. The evidence for physical therapy in sciatica is unclear though such programs appear safe. Physical therapy is commonly used.

Maimonides equated these with what the Sages called "Attributes" (, middot), noting that the Talmud spoke of the 13 "Attributes" (, middot) of God.Babylonian Talmud Rosh Hashanah 17b. In, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Abba Zvi Naiman, Israel Schneider, Moshe Zev Einhorn, and Eliezer Harzka; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, page 17b1.

Babylonian Talmud Kiddushin 29a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by David Fohrman, Dovid Kamenetsky, and Hersh Goldwurm, edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 36, page 29a. Rabbi Eliezer the Great taught that the Torah warns against wronging a stranger in 36, or others say 46, places (including ).See, e.g., ; ; ; ; ; and 17–22; and .

Nigericin is an antibiotic derived from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Its isolation was described in the 1950s, and in 1968 the structure could be elucidated by X-ray crystallography. The structure and properties of nigericin are similar to the antibiotic monensin. Commercially it is obtained as a byproduct, or contaminant, at the fermentation of Geldanamycin.

The seventh Chabad Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, recommended the study of Torah Or and Toras Chaim after one completed the study of Tanya, the central text of Chabad philosophy. Rabbi Schneerson explained that Torah Or expanded on the ideas in Tanya, however, through studying Toras Chaim these concepts would be fully elucidated.

Figure 1. Proposed Mechanistic Biosynthesis of α-santonin The full biosynthesis of α-santonin has not been elucidated but α-santonin bears much similarity to parthenolide. The proposed biosynthesis begins with the cyclization of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to (+)-germacrene A by a sesquiterpene synthase. (+)-germacrene A hydroxylase then hydroxylates the isopropenyl side chain.

Elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, Moshe Zev Einhorn, Michoel Weiner, Dovid Kamenetsky, and Reuvein Dowek; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 33b, page 48a3. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2000. In this connection, the Gemara reported differing views of who the former prophets were. Rav Huna said they were David, Samuel, and Solomon.

Rabbi Jose and Rabbi Simeon, however, disagreed, teaching that women also could lay hands on sacrifices. Abaye taught that a Baraita followed Rabbi Jose and Rabbi Simeon when it taught that both women and children can blow the shofar on Rosh Hashanah.Babylonian Talmud Rosh HaShanah 33a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Abba Zvi Naiman, Israel Schneider, Moshe Zev Einhorn, and Eliezer Herzka, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1999), volume 18, page 33a1; see also Babylonian Talmud Chagigah 16b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Dovid Kamenetsky, Henoch Levin, Feivel Wahl, Israel Schneider, and Zev Meisels, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1999), volume 22, page 16b4; Babylonian Talmud Chullin 85a, in, e.g.

Babylonian Talmud Zevachim 19a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Abba Zvi Naiman, Israel Schneider, and Michoel Weiner, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 55, page 19a; Babylonian Talmud Arakhin 3b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Mendy Wachsman, Feivel Wahl, Yosef Davis, Henoch Moshe Levin, Israel Schneider, Yeshayahu Levy, Eliezer Herzka, Dovid Nachfolger, Eliezer Lachman, and Zev Meisels, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2004), volume 67, page 3b. The Tabernacle, with the laver and altar (2009 illustration by Gabriel L. Fink) Elaborating on the procedure in for removing ash from the altar, the Mishnah taught that the priests would get up early and cast lots for the right to remove the ashes.Mishnah Tamid 1:2, in, e.g.

Muscimol was first isolated from Amanita pantherina by Onda in 1964, and thought to be an amino acid or peptide. Structure was then elucidated by Takemoto, Eugster, and Bowden. Muscimol is a semi-rigid isoxazole containing both alcohol and aminomethyl substituents. Muscimol is commonly portrayed as a tautomer, where it adopts an amide-like configuration.

He emphasized the Russian rather than the Marxian roots of Bolshevism. He highlighted the differences between Lenin's one-party dictatorship and Stalin's one-man dictatorship. He illuminated the similarities between tsarist and Stalinist state-building and social engineering. He elucidated the domestic and international politics of de-Stalinization in Soviet and post-Soviet Russia.

The impulse from the sinus node is still conducted via the internodal tracts to the AV node, and thus normal ventricular activation occurs. Sinoventricular conduction has also been demonstrated during acute myocardial ischemia. This has been further elucidated by the absence of P waves in any surface leads despite effective high right atrial pacing.

A biosynthetic pathway for rubicordifolin has not yet been elucidated. However, it has been hypothesized that the dimerization of the two naphthoquinone units yields rubicordifolin. Naphthoquinones can be traced back to the shikimate pathway in plants. Shikimate is converted into chorismic acid, which is further converted into 2-succinylbenzoic acid through a TPP-dependent reaction.

Geminin, DNA replication inhibitor, also known as GMNN, is a protein in humans encoded by the GMNN gene. Geminin is a nuclear protein that is present in most eukaryotics and highly conserved across species. Numerous functions have been elucidated for Geminin including roles in metazoan cell cycle, cellular proliferation, cell lineage commitment, and neural differentiation.

In molecular biology, the SBDS C-terminal protein domain is highly conserved in species ranging from archaea to vertebrates and plants. Members of this family are thought to play a role in RNA metabolism. However, its precise function remains to be elucidated. Furthermore, its structure makes it very difficult to predict the protein domain's function.

Research on thyroid cancer has elucidated the theory that paracrine signaling may aid in creating tumor microenvironments. Chemokine transcription is upregulated when Ras is in the GTP-bound state. The chemokines are then released from the cell, free to bind to another nearby cell. Paracrine signaling between neighboring cells creates this positive feedback loop.

For says, "Whatever a man gives the priest, he shall have," and that means that he shall have much wealth.Babylonian Talmud Berakhot 63a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Yosef Widroff, Mendy Wachsman, Israel Schneider, and Zev Meisels, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 2, pages 63a4–5. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1997.

He is currently Distinguished Professor of English Literature at Lancaster University. Eagleton has published over forty books, but remains best known for Literary Theory: An Introduction (1983), which has sold over 750,000 copies. The work elucidated the emerging literary theory of the period, as well as arguing that all literary theory is necessarily political.

Rabbi Simeon wept that Hagar, the handmaid of Rabbi Simeon's ancestor Abraham's house, was found worthy of meeting an angel on three occasions, while Rabbi Simeon did not meet an angel even once.Babylonian Talmud Meilah 17b. Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Mendy Wachsman; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 70, page 17b1.

Digitalose is a deoxy sugar that is a component of various cardiac glycosides including thevetin and emicymarin. It was first reported in 1892 as being obtained by the hydrolysis of Digtalinum verum. The chemical structure was first elucidated in 1943 by the German chemist Otto Schmidt. Chemically, it is a methyl ether of D-fucose.

Early in the morning, their leader said: "Let us rise and go up to Zion, to the house of the Lord our God."Mishnah Bikkurim 3:2, in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, Mishnah, page 172; Jerusalem Talmud Bikkurim 22a, in, e.g., Talmud Yerushalmi: Tractate Bikkurim, elucidated by Yehuda Jaffa, et al., volume 12, page 22a4.

But when the number of pilgrims declined, it was decided that all pilgrims would repeat the words after the priest.Mishnah Bikkurim 3:7, in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, Mishnah, pages 173–74; Jerusalem Talmud Bikkurim 24b (3:4), in, e.g., Talmud Yerushalmi: Tractate Bikkurim, elucidated by Yehuda Jaffa, et al., volume 12, page 24b3.

She developed integral equation techniques to evaluate the structure, thermodynamic properties and dielectric constants of polar mixtures. Her work elucidated the reasons for the differences in the relaxation properties of transverse and longitudinal dipole densities. She showed how hydrogen-bond stretch dynamics contribute to dielectric relaxation of alcohols, once induced-dipole contributions are included.

Based on the homology, the disulfide bridges were identified and the structure was elucidated further. A later molecular modelling study from 1998 used the homology between glandular kallikrein from the mouse and batroxobin, which is about 40%, to propose a 3D structure for biologically active batroxobin. To date no definite 3D structure has been proposed.

Numerous counter-mapping types exist, for instance: protest maps, map art, counter-mapping for conservation, and PPGIS. In order to emphasise the wide scope of what has come to be known as counter-mapping, three contrasting counter-mapping examples are elucidated in this section: indigenous counter-mapping, community mapping, and state counter-mapping, respectively.

Giovanni Battista Grassi elucidated the complete transmission from a female anopheline mosquito to humans in 1898. In 1897, William H. Welch created the name Plasmodium falciparum, which ICZN formally adopted in 1954. P. falciparum assumes several different forms during its life cycle. The human-infective stage are sporozoites from the salivary gland of a mosquito.

The overall effect of miR-122 inhibition is to reduce the plasma cholesterol level, although the pathways involved in this regulation have not been fully elucidated. miR-122 also regulates systemic iron homeostasis via the target mRNAs Hjv and Hfe. miR-122 inhibition in mice or primates does not result in any detectable liver toxicity.

A new class of steroid hormone receptors has recently been elucidated and these new receptors are found on the cell membrane. New studies suggest that along with the well documented intracellular receptors that cell membrane receptors are present for several steroid hormones and that their cellular responses are much quicker than the intracellular receptors.

All materials are valid for the walls.Mishnah Sukkah 1:5, in, e.g., The Mishnah: A New Translation, translated by Jacob Neusner, page 280; Babylonian Talmud Sukkah 12a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Succah, Volume 1, elucidated by Asher Dicker and Avrohom Neuberger, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 15, page 12a.

Elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, Moshe Zev Einhorn, Michoel Weiner, Dovid Kamenetsky, and Reuvein Dowek; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 33b, pages 30b2–31a1. See generally James L. Kugel. "How Did They Know the Words?" In How To Read the Bible: A Guide to Scripture, Then and Now, pages 225–27.

Vishva Mitra Dixit is a Kenyan molecular biologist who is the current Vice President of Discovery Research at Genentech. He is mostly known for leading one of the first teams that elucidated the role of caspases in the molecular pathway of apoptosis. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences since 2013.

Glycine is biosynthesized from serine, catalyzed by serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT). The enzyme effectively replaces a hydroxymethyl group with a hydrogen atom. SHMT is coded by the gene glyA. The regulation of glyA is complex and is known to incorporate serine, glycine, methionine, purines, thymine, and folates, The full mechanism has yet to be elucidated.

Reprinted in, e.g., The Mishnah: A New Translation. Translated by Jacob Neusner, pages 739–40. Babylonian Talmud Menachot 28a. Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Abba Zvi Naiman, Eliezer Herzka, Zev Meisels, Hillel Danziger, and Avrohom Neuberger; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 58, pages 28a2–3. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2002.

Its exact function remains to be fully elucidated; however it is known to play an important role in the binding of β2-GP1 to negatively charged compounds and subsequent capture for binding of anti-β2-GP1 antibodies. Development of antibodies against β2-GP1 can lead to Antiphospholipid syndrome which often leads to pregnancy complications.

Mishnah Pesachim 8:8. in, e.g., The Mishnah: A New Translation, translated by Jacob Neusner, page 246; Babylonian Talmud Pesachim 91b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, Dovid Kamenetsky, Eli Shulman, Feivel Wahl, and Mendy Wachsman, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1998), volume 11, page 91b.

And according to the other view, they were actually burned. The fire commenced from within, as in normal death (and then consumed their bodies).Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 52a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Michoel Weiner and Asher Dicker, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1994), volume 48, page 52a.

Humans are the only known reservoir. Thorough washing of clothing may help to interrupt the transmission of infection. A possible role for ticks in transmission of Bartonella species remains to be elucidated; in November 2011, Bartonella rochalimae, B. quintana, and B. elizabethae DNA was first reported in Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Dermacentor nitens ticks in Peru.

Rav Nachman concluded that the term "former prophets" referred to a period before Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi, who were latter prophets.Babylonian Talmud Sotah 48b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, Moshe Zev Einhorn, Michoel Weiner, Dovid Kamenetsky, and Reuvein Dowek; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 33b, pages 48b1–2.

The interesting life history of Pyrobotrys (Uva) which had an independent alternating zygotic phase (Chlorobrachis) was elucidated by him. His studies on the reproduction of the various algae was extenced to Pleodiorina calipyriformis, Gloeochaete and Physocitium. Later two additional species of Sphaerellopsis from Khandala had also been reported. He studied the Chlorococcales of Poona.

Alternatively, the crucial O-O bond forming step can arise by coupling suitably positioned pairs of metal hydroxo centers. The molecular mechanism of the OEC has not been elucidated. The conversion of even metal hydroxo complexes to O2 requires very strong oxidants. In photosynthesis, such oxidants are provided by electron holes on porphyrin radical cations.

Babylonian Talmud Nedarim 2b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, Yosef Davis, Hillel Danziger, Zev Meisels, Avrohom Neuberger, Henoch Moshe Levin, and Yehezkel Danziger, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 29, page 2b1. Rabbi Akiva taught that vows are a fence for self- restraint.Mishnah Avot 3:13, in, e.g.

Biosynthesis reactions that interchange the KR domain from TYLS with the KR domain from DEBS lead to products with different stereochemistry. Other studies have elucidated the stereospecificity of the DEBS DH domain by co-incubating the DEBS DH domain with the TYLS KR from module 1 and comparing the product to that produced by the DEBS system.

There, together with Paul Ehrlich, he elucidated the chemical constitution of atoxyl and synthesized innumerable arsenobenzene compounds. He was also responsible for the synthesis of Salvarsan and published "Ein Handbuch der organischen Arsenverbindungen" (A handbook of organic arsenic compounds).WorldCat item record Bertheim enlisted as a war volunteer and died in an accident in Berlin on 17 August 1914.

However, in vivo evidence suggest that chronic activation of p38 MAPK activity triggers restrictive cardiomyopathy with limited hypertrophy, while genetic inactivation p38α MAPK in mouse heart results in an elevated cardiac hypertrophy in response to pressure overload or swimming exercise. Therefore, the functional role of p38 MAPK in cardiac hypertrophy remains controversial and yet to be further elucidated.

Although simple alkyllithium species are often represented as monomer RLi, they exist as aggregates (oligomers) or polymers. The degree of aggregation depends on the organic substituent and the presence of other ligands. These structures have been elucidated by a variety of methods, notably 6Li, 7Li, and 13C NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Computational chemistry supports these assignments.

The lenses were later replaced by microscopes, which enhanced their observations. Morgan and his students eventually elucidated many basic principles of heredity, including sex-linked inheritance, epistasis, multiple alleles, and gene mapping. D. melanogaster had historically been used in laboratories to study genetics and patterns of inheritance. However, D. melanogaster also has importance in environmental research and mutagenesis.

She continues to show her work through the Woodward Gallery. In her solo exhibition, Theory of Flight and Painting (2000) at Woodward Gallery, Morrison's surreal figures expressed flight on several levels. The predominant figure in the paintings is man in a white lab coat. Morrison's "professor" served as a visual mentor who elucidated flight as a metaphor for life.

TC10/CDC42 GTPase-activating protein is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SNX26 gene. This gene encodes a member of the sorting nexin family. Members of this family contain a phox (PX) domain, which is a phosphoinositide binding domain, and are involved in intracellular trafficking. The specific function of this protein has not been elucidated.

Role of JADE1 in human disease has not been elucidated. A recent study searched for novel submicroscopic genetic changes in myelofibrosis, which is a bone marrow cancer. The study identified seven novel deletions and translocations in small cohort of patients with primary myelofibrosis. JADE1 and the adjacent gene called Sodium channel and clathrin linker 1 (SCLT1) were significantly modified.

The diversity in types of neurexins and neuroligins allows for a variety of unique binding opportunities between neurons and impart a specificity to synaptic connections. Additionally he also discovered or elucidated the important functions of SynCAM, Latrophilins etc. in synapse formation. In additional studies, Südhof identified mutations in these proteins as a factor in inherited autism.

Elishakoff, I., 2018, Solution Manual to Accompany Probabilistic Methods in the Theory of Structures: Problems with Complete, Worked Through Solutions, World Scientific, Singapore, , 2018. . The dramatic effect of often neglected cross-correlations is elucidated in the monograph by ElishakoffElishakoff, I.,2020, Dramatic Effect of Cross-Correlations in Random Vibrations of Discrete Systems, Beams, Plates, and Shells, Springer, Nature, Switzerland, .

In 1978 by plasmadesorption the mass of the palytoxin was measured to be 2861 g/mol and that it had 8 double bonds. Because palytoxin is such a large molecule, it took some time before the complete structure (including stereochemistry) was elucidated. Uemura et al. solved its planar chemical structure first and published their results in January 1981.

Osteoclasts are the most prominent examples of MGCs and are responsible for the resorption of bones in the body. Like other MGCs they are formed from the fusion of Monocyte/Macrophage precursors. However, unlike other MGCs, the fusion pathway they originate from is well elucidated. They also do not ingest foreign materials and instead absorb bone matrix and minerals.

Babylonian Talmud Shevuot 2a–49b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Michoel Weiner and Mordechai Kuber, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 51. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1994. The Mishnah supposed that a witness, after having been cautioned about the grave responsibility of being a witness, would think that the witness should just avoid the trouble of testifying.

In the succeeding years Bennett and his colleagues elucidated how NANC transmission, involving purines, neuropeptides and nitric oxide, is affected.Bennett, M.R., Farnell, L. & Gibson, W.G. (2000) The probability of quantal secretion within an array of calcium channels of an active zone. Biophys. J. 78: 2222-2240. First realistic Monte Carlo account of calcium changes and transmitter release.

In 2003, there was typically a diagnostic delay of 5–10 years. Reports from the Danish nationwide DANBIO registry hint that in Denmark, the average diagnostic delay for AS diminished from 5.5 years in 2000 to 3–4 months in 2011. In France, the 2017 median diagnostic delay elucidated from a cross-sectional study was 2 years.

The underlying cause of the rapidly growing breast connective tissue, resulting in gigantic proportions, has not been well-elucidated. However, proposed factors have included increased levels/expression of or heightened sensitivity to certain hormones (e.g., estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin) and/or growth factors (e.g., hepatic growth factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, and epidermal growth factor) in the breasts.

In response, the Gemara reported that Resh Lakish taught that Moses slapped Pharaoh before he left Pharaoh's presence.Babylonian Talmud Zevachim 102a; reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Israel Schneider, Yosef Widroff, Mendy Wachsman, Dovid Katz, Zev Meisels, and Feivel Wahl; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1996), volume 57, page 102a2.

Nishizuka is well-known for the construction of the fundamental concepts of the intracellular signal transduction cascade through his discovery of protein kinase C, also known as C kinase, and his analysis of its function, which revealed a new intracellular signal transduction system and elucidated the regulatory mechanisms involved in many biological phenomena, including cancer cell growth.

Hervé Jacquet and Robert Langlands later gave adelic integral representations for the standard, and tensor product L-functions that had been earlier obtained by Riemann, Hecke, Maass, Rankin, and Selberg. They gave a very complete theory, in that they elucidated formulas for all local factors, stated the functional equation in a precise form, and gave sharp analytic continuations.

Microneurography recordings have elucidated the organization as well as normal and pathological function of a fair number of neural systems in man, whereas the technique is not useful in clinical routine for diagnostic purposes to clarify the condition of the individual patient. Three main groups of neural systems have been explored, i.e. proprioception, cutaneous sensibility, and sympathetic efferent activity.

Babylonian Talmud Zevachim 112b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Zevachim: Volume 3, elucidated by Israel Schneider, Yosef Widroff, Mendy Wachsman, Dovid Katz, Zev Meisels, and Feivel Wahl, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1996), volume 57, page 112b. Rabbi Judan considered God's five mentions of "Israel" in to demonstrate how much God loves Israel.

Resh Lakish reconciled the differing verses by positing that God created heaven first, and afterwards created the earth; but when God put them in place, God put the earth in place first, and afterwards put heaven in place.Babylonian Talmud Chagigah 12a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Chagigah, elucidated by Dovid Kamenetsky, et al., volume 22, page 12a4–5.

So Rav Ashi replied that wa-yehi sometimes presages misfortune, and sometimes it does not, but the expression "and it came to pass in the days of" always presages misfortune. And for that proposition, the Gemara cited , , , and .Babylonian Talmud Megillah 10b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Megillah, elucidated by Gedaliah Zlotowitz and Hersh Goldwurm, volume 20, page 10b.

The uniplanar compact photonic-bandgap (UC-PBG) is proposed, simulated, and then constructed in the lab to overcome elucidated limitations of planar circuit technology. Like photonic bandgap structures it is etched into the ground plane of the microstrip line. The geometry is square metal pads. Each metal pad has four connecting branches forming a distributed LC circuit.

Therefore, reasoned the Gemara, it must have been the morning of the previous day (because the previous day would have been less severe than the current day, and therefore they longed for its return).Babylonian Talmud Sotah 49a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Sotah: Volume 2, elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, et al., volume 33b, page 49a2.

A lion in a brick panel from the Procession Way of Babylon, now at the Louvre Reading and (and other verses), Rabbi Joḥanan noted that the lion has six namesBabylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 95a. Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Asher Dicker, Joseph Elias, and Dovid Katz; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 49, page 95a1.

Muscone is an organic compound that is the primary contributor to the odor of musk. The chemical structure of muscone was first elucidated by Lavoslav Ružička. It consists of a 15-membered ring ketone with one methyl substituent in the 3-position. It is an oily liquid that is found naturally as the (−)-enantiomer, (R)-3-methylcyclopentadecanone.

Haynes v. United States, 390 U.S. 85 (1968), was a United States Supreme Court decision interpreting the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution's self-incrimination clause.. Haynes extended the Fifth Amendment protections elucidated in Marchetti v. United States..William F. Funk, Richard H. Seamon, Examples & explanations series: Administrative Law, Edition 3, Aspen Publishers, 2009, page 361-62.

Such tryptamines were originally thought to act as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) before the signature monoamine- releasing actions were elucidated. Many years after being withdrawn, αET was also determined to produce serotonergic neurotoxicity, similarly to MDMA and various other SNDRAs; the same is very likely true for αMT as well, although it has not specifically been assessed.

Structurally, tubocurarine is a benzylisoquinoline derivative. For many years, its structure, when first elucidated in 1948, was wrongly thought to be bis-quaternary: in other words, it was thought to be an N,N-dimethylated alkaloid. In 1970, the correct structure was finally established, showing one of the two nitrogens to be tertiary, actually a mono- N-methylated alkaloid.

Laurence J. Peter's research led to the formulation of the Peter principle well before publishing his findings. He worked with Raymond Hull on a book that elucidated his observations about hierarchies. The principle is named for Peter because although Hull actually wrote the book, it is a summary of Peter's research.Hull, in his introduction to the book.

In molecular biology, the protein domain selenoprotein P (SelP) is the only known eukaryotic selenoprotein that contains multiple selenocysteine (Sec) residues. It is a secreted glycoprotein, often found in the plasma. Its precise function remains to be elucidated; however, it is thought to have antioxidant properties. This particular protein contains two domains: the C terminal and N terminal domain.

Infant cry is a manifestation of instinct. The infant cannot otherwise protect itself for survival during its long period of maturation. The maternal instinct, manifest particularly in response to the infant cry, has long been respected as one of the most powerful. Its mechanism has been partly elucidated by observations with functional MRI of the mother’s brain.

Nevertheless, several aspects have already been identified as central in the process of pollen tube growth. The actin filaments in the cytoskeleton, the peculiar cell wall, secretory vesicle dynamics, and the flux of ions, to name a few, are some of the fundamental features readily identified as crucial, but whose role has not yet been completely elucidated.

For example, the R50X (Arg50Stop) mutation (previously referred to as R49X) is most common in North America and western Europe, and the Y84X mutation is most common among central Europeans. The exact method of protein disruption has been elucidated in certain mutations. For example, R138W is known to disrupt to pyridoxal phosphate binding site. In 2006, another mutation (c.

A Baraita taught that Zelophehad's daughters were wise, Torah students, and righteous.Babylonian Talmud Bava Batra 119b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Yosef Asher Weiss, edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 46, page 119b. And a Baraita taught that Zelophehad's daughters were equal in merit, and that is why the order of their names varies between and .

Unlike all subsequent Pauline epistles, 1 Thessalonians does not focus on justification by faith or questions of Jewish–Gentile relations, themes that are covered in all other letters. Many scholars see this as an indication that this letter was written before the Epistle to the Galatians, where Paul's positions on these matters were formed and elucidated.

Ulla taught that the Rabbis ruled the skin of dead people contaminating so as to prevent people from fashioning their parents' skin into keepsakes.Babylonian Talmud Chullin 122a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Mendy Wachsman, Eliezer Herzka, Michoel Weiner, and Yosef Davis, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2003), volume 64, page 122a3.

Shen, J., Chen, Z., and Gao, Y. The pentacyclic steroidal constituents of Tacca plantaginea: taccalonolide E and F. Chinese J. Chem., 9: 92–94, 1991. The most recent taccalonolides, AC-AF and H2, were elucidated using spectroscopic methods in 2011. Each taccalonolide contains a C2-C3 epoxide and all except taccalonolide C have a C23-C26 lactone ring.

In 1964, a team of scientists led by Robert B. Woodward elucidated the structure of tetrodotoxin. The structure was confirmed by X-ray crystallography in 1970. Yoshito Kishi and coworkers reported the first total synthesis of racemic tetrodotoxin in 1972. M. Isobe and coworkers and J. Du Bois reported the asymmetric total synthesis of tetrodotoxin in 2003.

He elucidated the physical mechanism of the fatigue problem in FeRAMs. He also addressed the critical thickness of ultrathin films where they lose ferroelectricity. Additionally, he sought to explain resistance- switching phenomena, which are the basis of RRAM. Recently, he developed a new percolation model, called the "random circuit-breaker network model", which can explain reversible switching phenomena.

Babylonia, 6th century, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, Michoel Weiner, and Hillel Danziger, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 23, page 5b. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1999. Rabbi Shimon noted that everywhere else, Scripture mentions a father's honor before the mother's honor.E.g., (20:12 in NJSP) , and , and (5:16 in NJPS) and .

The Gemara read the words of , "And they shall stumble one upon another," to mean that one will stumble through the sin of another. The Gemara concluded that all everyone is held responsible for each another.Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 27b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Asher Dicker and Abba Zvi Naiman, edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 47, page 27b3.

The textual reliability of the Book of Judith was also taken for granted, to the extent that Biblical commentator Nachmanides (Ramban) quoted several passages from a Peshitta (Syriac version) of Judith in support of his rendering of Deuteronomy 21:14.R. Nosson Scherman, The Torah: With Ramban's Commentary Translated, Annotated, and Elucidated, Vol. VII, pg. 524 (Mesorah Pubs.

BAT activation may also occur in response to overfeeding. UCP1 activity is stimulated by long chain fatty acids that are produced subsequent to β-adrenergic receptor activation. UCP1 is proposed to function as a fatty acid proton symporter, although the exact mechanism has yet to be elucidated. In contrast, UCP1 is inhibited by ATP, ADP, and GTP.

Apratoxin A is a mixed peptide-polyketide cyclic structure, as shown above. It has a thiazoline ring flanked by polyketide segments, one of which has an unusual methylation pattern. The structure has been elucidated by spectral analysis, including several 2D NMR techniques. The absolute configuration of the amino acid segments was determined by chiral HPLC analysis.

Abaye said that because the law (in and elsewhere) required the master to treat a Hebrew slave well — and as an equal in food, drink, and sleeping accommodations — it was said that buying a Hebrew slave was like buying a master.Babylonian Talmud Kiddushin 20a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by David Fohrman et al., volume 36, page 20b.

Breast Cancer, 15: 57-64 doi: 10.1007/s12282-007-0014-z Although herceptin works well in most breast cancer cases, it has not been yet elucidated as to why some HER2-positive breast cancers don't respond well. Research suggests that a low FISH test ratio in estrogen receptor positive breast cancers are less likely to respond to this drug.

Aeronautica Imperialis has a strong tie with the Black Library book Double Eagle by Dan Abnett. This deals with the air war occurring during the Sabbat Worlds Campaign (the setting for Abnett's Gaunt's Ghosts novel series). It has a Battle of Britain flavour; many of the concepts elucidated in the Aeronautica rules can be seen in Abnett's writing.

The structure of podophyllotoxin was first elucidated in the 1930s. Podophyllotoxin bears four consecutive chiral centers, labelled C-1 through C-4 in the following image. The molecule also contains four almost planar fused rings. The podophyllotoxin molecule includes a number of oxygen containing functional groups: an alcohol, a lactone, three methoxy groups, and an acetal.

Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 8a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Sanhedrin: Volume 1, elucidated by Asher Dicker and Abba Zvi Naiman, edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 47, page 8a1. Rabbi Hanan read the words "you shall not be afraid of . . . any man" in to teach judges not to withhold any arguments out of deference to the powerful.

The Gemara reasoned that it was thus likely that Scripture would use euphemisms when speaking of the faults of righteous people, as with the words, "And the eyes of Leah were weak," in Babylonian Talmud Bava Batra 123a. Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Yosef Asher Weiss; edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 46, page 123a3.

Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Gedaliah Zlotowitz; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 1, page 12b3. fringes, or tzitzit, on the corner of a prayer shawl, or tallit It was taught in a Baraita that Rabbi Meir used to ask why specified blue from among all the colors for the fringes.

The Igbo Jews of Nigeria variously claim descent from the tribes of Ephraim, Naphtali, Menasseh, Levi, Zebulun and Gad. The theory, however, does not hold up to historical scrutiny. Historians have examined the historical literature on West Africa from the colonial era and they have elucidated diverse functions that such theories served for the writers who proposed them.

Although PROSER2’s function in humans has not been elucidated, its SARG domain, interacting proteins/transcription factors, and expression patterns indicate that PROSER2 is involved in cell cycle control and apoptosis, and is androgen- responsive in nature. PROSER2 may be a biomarker of epithelial cell, breast, prostate, ovarian, lung, brain, and blood cancers as demonstrated in several US Patents.

Frontiers in Neuroscience, 13: 141. . Choanoflagellates grow vegetatively, with multiple species undergoing longitudinal fission; however, the reproductive life cycle of choanoflagellates remains to be elucidated. A paper released in August 2017 showed that environmental changes, including the presence of certain bacteria, trigger the swarming and subsequent sexual reproduction of choanoflagellates. The ploidy level is unknown;Claus Nielsen.

400px Drosophila melanogaster is an important model for understanding body plan generation and evolution. The general principles of Hox gene function and logic elucidated in flies will apply to all bilaterian organisms, including humans. Drosophila, like all insects, has eight Hox genes. These are clustered into two complexes, both of which are located on chromosome 3.

He elucidated socio-biological evolution. He expands the idea of the Pakistani philosopher Sir Muhammad Iqbal that every living organism on Earth is tightly attached to it and it needs an anti-gravitational force to get rid of Earth-rootedness. He calls this freedom from Earth-Rootedness. He asserts that, being nearer the Earth degrades the value of life.

The answer was that through gossip, the person afflicted with skin disease separated husband from wife, one neighbor from another, and therefore the Torah punished the person afflicted with skin disease measure for measure, ordaining that the person "shall dwell alone".Babylonian Talmud Arakhin 16b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Mendy Wachsman et al., volume 67, page 16b.

Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 107b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Asher Dicker, Joseph Elias, and Dovid Katz, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 49, page 107b. In parashah Metzora, when there "seems" to be a plague in the house, the priest must not jump to conclusions, but must examine the facts. 39, 44.

The structure of calcium pumps found in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle was elucidated in 2000 by Toyoshima, et al. using microscopy of tubular crystals and 3D microcrystals. The pump has a molecular mass of 110,000 amu, shows three well separated cytoplasmic domains, with a transmembrane domain consisting of ten alpha helices and two transmembrane Ca2+ binding sites.

Probable They Have Stolen Ore Worth Millions Of Dollars. Have Been Operating Ten Years. No Doubt They Have an Organization and Careful Methods of Robbing — Many Mine Owners Suffer. Finally, the method of the robbery was elucidated. As a result, nearly the whole staff, about 150 persons, mainly miners, lost their jobs, and a new crew was hired.

From 1978-1983, Campbell elucidated the etiology of gray crab disease, an amoebic pathogen that every spring kills ca. 30% of the blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) in Chincoteague Bay, VA. His research showed that the disease is spread by cannibalism, mediated by ambient temperature and salinity.Campbell, D. G. 1984. The Abundance and Distribution of Paramoeba perniciosa.

This removed any remaining doubts that diamond was a form of carbon. Another close friend was William Allen and together they investigated the composition of carbon dioxide, and the density of ammonia, and elucidated the chemical phenomena of respiration in man, animals, and plants. These researches were successful largely because of the ingenious apparatus invented and designed by Pepys.

Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 107b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Asher Dicker, Joseph Elias, and Dovid Katz, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 49, page 107b. In the parashah, when there "seems" to be a plague in the house, the priest must not jump to conclusions, but must examine the facts. 39, 44.

Sifra Emor chapter 13 (233:2), in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, Sifra: An Analytical Translation (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1988), volume 3, page 250. The Mishnah taught that the pilgrim could say the confession over the tithe in in any languageMishnah Sotah 7:1, in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, Mishnah, page 457; Babylonian Talmud Sotah 32a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Sotah: Volume 2, elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, Moshe Zev Einhorn, Michoel Weiner, David Kamenetsky, and Reuvein Dowek, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2000), volume 33b, page 32a2; see also Babylonian Talmud Berakhot 40b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Berachos: Volume 2, elucidated by Yosef Widroff, Mendy Wachsman, Israel Schneiner, and Zev Meisels, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1997), volume 2, page 40b2.

In 2012, two independent efforts have elucidated the molecular architecture of the 26S proteasome by single particle electron microscopy. In 2016, three independent efforts have determined the first near-atomic resolution structure of the human 26S proteasome in the absence of substrates by cryo-EM. In 2018, a major effort has elucidated the detailed mechanisms of deubiquitylation, initiation of translocation and processive unfolding of substrates by determining seven atomic structures of substrate-engaged 26S proteasome simultaneously. In the heart of the 19S, directly adjacent to the 20S, are the AAA-ATPases (AAA proteins) that assemble to a heterohexameric ring of the order Rpt1/Rpt2/Rpt6/Rpt3/Rpt4/Rpt5. This ring is a trimer of dimers: Rpt1/Rpt2, Rpt6/Rpt3, and Rpt4/Rpt5 dimerize via their N-terminal coiled-coils.

Babylonian Talmud Gittin 48b–49b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Yitzchok Isbee and Mordechai Kuber, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 35, pages 48b–49b. Rabbi Samuel bar Nahmani in the name of Rabbi Johanan interpreted the account of spreading fire in as an application of the general principle that calamity comes upon the world only when there are wicked persons (represented by the thorns) in the world, and its effects always manifest themselves first upon the righteous (represented by the grain).Babylonian Talmud Bava Kamma 60a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Yitzchok Isbee and Mordechai Kuber, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 35, page 60b, and in Koren Talmud Bavli: Bava Kamma • Part One, commentary by Adin Even-Israel (Steinsaltz) (Jerusalem: Koren Publishers, 2016), volume 23, page 374.

Elucidated by Menachem Goldberger, Chaim Ochs, Gershon Hoffman, Mordechai Weiskopf, Zev Dickstein, Michael Taubes, Avrohom Neuberger, Mendy Wachsman, David Azar, Michoel Weiner, and Abba Zvi Naiman; edited by Chaim Malinowitz, Mordechai Marcus, and Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 5, page 81a2. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2009. Rabbi Akiva (illustration from the 1568 Mantua Haggadah) Explaining an assertion by Rabbi Jose, Rabbi Joḥanan deduced from the parallel use of word "covenant" in and that the land sown with "brimstone and salt" foretold in was the same seven years of barren soil inflicted by Israel's enemy in .Babylonian Talmud Yoma 54a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Yoma: Volume 2, elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, Zev Meisels, Abba Zvi Naiman, Dovid Kamenetsky, and Mendy Wachsman, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1998), volume 14, page 54a.

Leviticus Rabbah 13:1, in, e.g., Midrash Rabbah: Leviticus, translated by Harry Freedman and Maurice Simon, volume 4, pages 162–64. Similarly, Rabbi Nehemiah deduced from that Aaron's sin-offering was burned (and not eaten by the priests) because Aaron and his remaining sons (the priests) were in the early stages of mourning, and thus disqualified from eating sacrifices.Babylonian Talmud Pesachim 82b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, Dovid Kamenetsky, Eli Shulman, Feivel Wahl, and Mendy Wachsman, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 11, page 82b; see also Babylonian Talmud Zevachim 101a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Israel Schneider, Yosef Widroff, Mendy Wachsman, Dovid Katz, Zev Meisels, and Feivel Wahl, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 57, page 101a.

Chem Senses 25:47–53.0 Laska M, Rivas Bautista RM, Hernandez Salazar LT. 2006. Olfactory sensitivity for aliphatic alcohols and aldehydes in spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi). Am J Phys Anthropol 129:112–120. Currently, no structure of the vomeronasal organ has been elucidated in Old World monkeys, although it has been shown that an apparent vestigial vomeronasal organ develops but degenerates before birth.

The Mishnah interpreted to teach that the goat sent to Azazel could atone for all sins, even sins punishable by death.Mishnah Shevuot 1:6, in, e.g., The Mishnah: A New Translation, translated by Jacob Neusner, page 622. Babylonian Talmud Shevuot 2b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Michoel Weiner and Mordechai Kuber, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 51, page 2b2.

As of 2018, the exact mechanism of action of artemisinins has not been fully elucidated. Artemisinin itself is a prodrug of the biologically active dihydroartemisinin. This metabolite undergoes cleavage of its endoperoxide ring inside the erythrocytes. As the drug molecules come in contact with the haem (associated with the haemoglobin of the red blood cells), the iron(II) oxide breaks the endoperoxide ring.

In her work with pMMOs, Rosenzweig elucidated the molecular basis for safe handling of potentially toxic metal ions through direct handoff between protein partners. Methanotrophs secrete methanobactin. Methanobactin chelated with high affinity to copper, and forms a complex (CuMbn) that can be reinternalized by the cell through active transport. There are specific interactions between CuMbn and proteins MbnT and MbnE.

Steviol is a diterpene first isolated from the plant Stevia rebaudiana in 1931. Its chemical structure was not fully elucidated until 1960. Steviol occurs in the plant as steviol glycosides, sweet compounds that have found widespread use as sugar substitutes. The aglycon is prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis, since upon acid treatment steviol will undergo Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement to the very stable isosteviol.

These cysteines are highly conserved and form three disulfide bonds that are important for the ICK motif. In intrepicalcin and some other calcins, three of these cysteines are embedded in three 𝛽 strands . The 3D structure of intrepicalcin has not yet been solved. However, the 3D structure of imperacalcin, another member of the calcin family, has been elucidated with 1H-NMR .

Zinc acetate therapy initially made its appearance in the Netherlands, where physicians Schouwink and Hoogenraad used it in 1961 and in the 1970s, respectively, but it was further developed later by Brewer and colleagues at the University of Michigan. The genetic basis of Wilson's disease and linkage to ATP7B mutations was elucidated in the 1980s and 1990s by several research groups.

Other catalytic cycles elucidated with DFT calculations and crystal structures have been proposed which maintain the same charge in the active site throughout the cycle and thus do not require nearby bases. However, certain intermediates in the proposed cycle are not consistent with experimental findings such as that stoichiometric amounts of o-quinone can form after catechol addition in the absence of oxygen.

Brahmagupta biography In Europe this problem was studied by Brouncker, Euler and Lagrange. In 1801 Gauss published Disquisitiones Arithmeticae, a major portion of which was devoted to a complete theory of binary quadratic forms over the integers. Since then, the concept has been generalized, and the connections with quadratic number fields, the modular group, and other areas of mathematics have been further elucidated.

Babylonian Talmud Bava Kamma 110a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Abba Zvi Naiman and Mendy Wachsman, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 40, pages 110a2–3. See also Tosefta Bava Kamma 10:17–18 (attributing to Rabbi Akiva), in, e.g., The Tosefta: Translated from the Hebrew, with a New Introduction, translated by Jacob Neusner, volume 2, pages 1013–14.

The location is on level, low-lying ground and it is not apparent why this particular site should have been chosen. The fact that Snowdon and the Glyderau are visible in the distance, with the Llanberis Pass between them, may be significant, and there may be some solar or lunar alignment as seen from the entrance that has not yet been elucidated.

Until around 1949, Eccles believed that synaptic transmission was primarily electrical rather than chemical. Although he was wrong in this hypothesis, his arguments led him and others to perform some of the experiments which proved chemical synaptic transmission. Bernard Katz and Eccles worked together on some of the experiments which elucidated the role of acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter in the brain.

Foreign concessions along the Hankow Bund c. 1900. In 1889, Zhang Zhidong was transferred from Viceroy of Liangguang (Guangdong and Guangxi provinces) to Viceroy of Huguang (Hunan and Hubei provinces). He governed the province for 18 years, until 1907. During this period, he elucidated the theory of "Chinese learning as the basis, Western learning for application," known as the ti-yong ideal.

BmTx3 was originally purified from the venom of the Chinese scorpion, Buthus Martensi Karsch. BmTx3 is a “short-chain” peptide like other potassium channel blockers in the scorpion venom and added to the phylogenetic tree in the subfamily α-KTx15. Its 3D structure has not yet been elucidated, but based on sequence similarity it likely resembles the 3D structure of BmTx1 or Discrepin.

Mishra specialised in differential geometry, relativity and fluid mechanics and his contributions to these fields have been documented. He was known to have elucidated the complete solutions to the unified field theory of Albert Einstein. He also added to the index-free notations and developed his own notations in differential geometry. He also wrote structures for Differentiable manifolds and Almost Contact Metric Manifolds.

The Crick, Brenner et al. experiment (1961) was a scientific experiment performed by Francis Crick, Sydney Brenner, Leslie Barnett and R.J. Watts- Tobin. This study demonstrated that the genetic code is made up of a series of three base pair codons which code for individual amino acids. The experiment also elucidated the nature of gene expression and frame-shift mutations.

The ultraviolet communication system has two roles, a sender and a receiver. Butterflies send ultraviolet signals using UV reflectance or UV absorption. The former is accomplished through the use of structural color, the reflection of certain frequencies of light via constructive interference. The production of this structural color in butterflies has been elucidated through the study of Eurema lisa by Helen Ghiradella.

Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency was documented in one case, interferon-alpha therapy in another case. Similar cases of granulomatous mastitis were reported in IgG4-related disease though the exact relationship to IGM remains to be elucidated. Other contributing factors of IGM were investigated such as oral contraceptives usage. Many cases were reported after use of prolactin elevating medications such as antipsychotics.

A study in 2014, elucidated the intermediary role of ZIP9 in causing human breast and prostate cancer, as it induced the apoptosis in the presence of testosterone in breast and prostate cancerous cells. unlike ZIP1, 2 and 3, ZIP9 mRNA expression was increased in human prostate and breast malignant biopsy cancer cells, which probably was because cells that divide rapidly require more zinc.

The Visual Cycle. hν = Incident photon Visual phototransduction is the sensory transduction of the visual system. It is a process by which light is converted into electrical signals in the rod cells, cone cells and photosensitive ganglion cells of the retina of the eye. This cycle was elucidated by George Wald (1906–1997) for which he received the Nobel Prize in 1967.

Hezekiah noted that in , Eve added to God's words by telling the serpent that she was not even permitted to touch the tree. Hezekiah deduced from this that one who adds to God's words in fact subtracts from them.Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 29a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Asher Dicker and Abba Zvi Naiman, edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 47, page 29a5.

Another explanation is that during "the seven days," God gave them a foretaste of the world to come, so that they might know the nature of the rewards of which they were depriving themselves.Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 108b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Asher Dicker, Joseph Elias, and Dovid Katz, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 49, pages 108b1–2.

Halkett, Samuel, & John Laing. (1888) A Dictionary of the Anonymous and Pseudonymous Literature of Great Britain. Vol. 4. Edinburgh: William Paterson. p. 2785. In his book The East-India Question Fairly Elucidated (1813) he described himself as a "native" of London and as having resided in the city for over 50 years, indicating that he may have been born in the early 1760s.

Nevertheless, glucokinase remains the name preferred in the contexts of medicine and mammalian physiology. Another mammalian glucose kinase, ADP- specific glucokinase, was discovered in 2004. The gene is distinct and similar to that of primitive organisms. It is dependent on ADP rather than ATP (suggesting the possibility of more effective function during hypoxia), and the metabolic role and importance remain to be elucidated.

And a Baraita taught that Zelophehad's daughters were equal in merit, and that is why the order of their names varies between and .Babylonian Talmud Bava Batra 120a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Yosef Asher Weiss, edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 46, page 120a2. According to the Gemara, Zelophehad's daughters demonstrated their righteousness in by marrying men who were fitting for them.

Taurolidine demonstrates some anti-tumor properties, with positive results seen in early-stage clinical investigations using the drug to treat gastrointestinal malignancies and tumors of the central nervous system. More recently, it has been found to exert antineoplastic activity. Taurolidine induces cancer cell death through a variety of mechanisms. Even now, all the antineoplastic pathways it employs are not completely elucidated.

Abaye read the Mishnah to mean that if the Levites' animals released the Israelites' animals, it followed a fortiori that the Levites' animals should release their own firstborn. But Rava countered that the Mishnah meant that the Levites themselves exempted the Israelites' firstborn.Babylonian Talmud Bekhorot 4a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Bechoros: Volume 1, elucidated by Abba Zvi Naiman et al.

Jerusalem Talmud Bikkurim 11b, in, e.g., Talmud Yerushalmi, elucidated by Yehuda Jaffa, Chaim Ochs, Michoel Weiner, Mordechai Smilowitz, Abba Zvi Naiman, and Avrohom Neuberger, edited by Chaim Malinowitz, Yisroel Simcha Schorr, and Mordechai Marcus, volume 12. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2007. The Babylonian Talmud reports that Rabbah said that deaths between the ages of 50 and 60 are also deaths by karet.

Its β-diketone and carboxylic acid group form a chelate with calcium. It was extracted in 1978 and the complete structure was elucidated in 1979. It is used in research to raise the intracellular calcium level (Ca2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca2+ transport across biological membranes. Ionomycin is often sold as a free acid, or as a Ca2+ salt.

Marshall quickly emerged as the key figure on the court, due in large part to his personal influence with the other justices. Under his leadership, the court moved away from seriatim opinions, instead issuing a single majority opinion that elucidated a clear rule. The 1803 case of Marbury v. Madison presented the first major case heard by the Marshall Court.

Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, Asher Dicker, Nasanel Kasnett, Noson Boruch Herzka, Reuvein Dowek, Michoel Weiner, Mendy Wachsman, and Feivel Wahl; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 30, page 64b2–3. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2000. . See also Exodus Rabbah 5:4. Reprinted in, e.g., Midrash Rabbah: Exodus. Translated by Simon M. Lehrman, volume 3, page 83.

The country-wide publicity surrounding the election appears to have been a critical event in OKs history, widely and suddenly popularizing it across the United States. Read proposed an etymology of OK in "Old Kinderhook" in 1941. The evidence presented in that article was somewhat sparse, and the connection to "Oll Korrect" not fully elucidated. Various challenges to the etymology were presented; e.g.

Catholic and moderately liberal, he was opposed to the objectives of the Sonderbund (an alliance of Roman Catholic cantons) and resigned in 1847 for his refusal to declare war against the coalition and therefore against the canton of his hometown, Lucern. On 7 April 1849, his body was discovered in the River Reuss. The circumstances surrounding his death have never been elucidated.

Chromosome walking and chromosome jumping techniques were then used to identify and sequence the gene. In 1989, Lap-Chee Tsui led a team of researchers at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto that discovered the gene responsible for CF. CF represents a classic example of how a human genetic disorder was elucidated strictly by the process of forward genetics.

ABA was originally believed to be involved in abscission, which is how it received its name. This is now known to be the case only in a small number of plants. ABA-mediated signaling also plays an important part in plant responses to environmental stress and plant pathogens. The plant genes for ABA biosynthesis and sequence of the pathway have been elucidated.

Unlike other microtubule-stabilizing agents, most taccalonolides do not bind to the taxane-binding site of tubulin.Risinger, A.L., & Mooberry, S.L. Cellular studies reveal mechanistic differences between taccalonolide A and paclitaxel. Cell Cycle 10 (13) (2011), 2162-2171. The exact mechanism of action has not yet been elucidated, although a recent study found that taccalonolides AF and AJ may interact directly with tubulin.

The Rabbis taught in a Baraita that the Evil Inclination is hard to bear, since even God its Creator called it evil, as in , God says, "the desire of man's heart is evil from his youth."Babylonian Talmud Kiddushin 30b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by David Fohrman, Dovid Kamenetsky, and Hersh Goldwurm; edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 36, page 30b2.

Biology of Myxomycetes includes organization of myxamoeba and its development into plasmodium (Aldrich 1969). Aldrich et al., 2005 was first group to demonstrate a myxomycete Physarum pusillum sporulation on the body of lizard Corytophanes cristatu. In another study Aldrich group elucidated Ultrastructure of insitu anaerobic digester biofilms consisting of methogenic bacteria using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (Robison et al.

Jay-Z stated that almost every song is based on a specific scene from the film. In an interview on the Charlie Rose Show, he elucidated the inspiration behind the album: Although Jay-Z says American Gangster was inspired by the movie, songs such as "Say Hello" touch on the topics of censorship and the Jena 6 controversy.Jokesta (November 8, 2007).

Polydendrocytes can undergo cell division while maintaining synaptic inputs from neurons. These observations suggest that cells that receive neuronal synaptic inputs and those that differentiate into oligodendrocytes are not mutually exclusive cell populations but that the same population of polydendrocytes can receive synaptic inputs and generate myelinating oligodendrocytes. The functional significance of the neuron-polydendrocyte synapses remains to be elucidated.

Similarly, Rabbi Hanina explained that the same reason prompted Joseph to seek burial in Israel in .Babylonian Talmud Ketubot 111a. In, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Abba Zvi Naiman, Avrohom Neuberger, Dovid Kamenetsky, Yosef Davis, Henoch Moshe Levin; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 28, page 111a6. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2000. See also Jerusalem Talmud Kilayim 81a. In, e.g.

In, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Asher Dicker, Joseph Elias, and Dovid Katz; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 49, page 95a1. — , ari, twice in ;See also ; ; ; , 8 (twice), 9, 18; , 36, 37; ; ; ; (twice), 36; , 20; (twice), 25, 26, 28; (twice); , 26; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; 44; ; ; ; , 6; ; ; ; (twice), 8, 12; ; ; (twice), 13; ; ; ; ; , 17, 22; ; ; ; ; Song of Songs ; ; Ecclesiastes ; 1 Chronicles ; ; , 19.

For in , Jacob foretold, "Dan shall be a serpent in the way." ( thus alluded to Samson, who belonged to the tribe of Dan and adopted the tactics of a serpent in fighting the Philistines.)Babylonian Talmud Sotah 9b. In, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Avrohom Neuberger and Abba Zvi Naiman; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 33a, page 9b5.

Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Yerushalmi. Elucidated by Menachem Goldberger, Mendy Wachsman, Dovid Arye Kaufman, Eliezer Lachman, Abba Zvi Naiman, Michoel Weiner, Zev Meisels; edited by Chaim Malinowitz, Yisroel Simcha Schorr, and Mordechai Marcus, volume 2, page 85b3. Rabbi Judan said that Jacob declared that Isaac blessed him with five blessings, and God correspondingly appeared five times to Jacob and blessed him ( and ).

And both the first and second Passovers took precedence over the Sabbath.Mishnah Pesachim 9:3, in, e.g., The Mishnah: A New Translation, translated by Jacob Neusner, page 247; Babylonian Talmud Pesachim 95a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, Dovid Kamenetsky, Eli Shulman, Feivel Wahl, and Mendy Wachsman, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 11, page 95a1.

In, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Avrohom Neuberger, Eliezer Herzka, Michoel Weiner, and Nasanel Kasnett; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 54, pages 12a1–2. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2002. The Mishnah counted compounding anointing oil in the formula prescribed in and using such sacred anointing oil in a way prohibited by as 2 among 36 transgressions in the Torah punishable with excision (, karet).

The Sages, however, said that the father comes before the mother in all places, because both the son and the mother are bound to honor the father.Mishnah Keritot 6:9, in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, The Mishnah: A New Translation, pages 850–51; Babylonian Talmud Keritot 28a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Eliahu Shulman et al, volume 69, page 28a.

God knows that a son fears his father more than his mother, because the father teaches him Torah. Therefore, (in ) God put the fear of the mother before that of the father.Babylonian Talmud Kiddushin 30b–31a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by David Fohrman, Dovid Kamenetsky, and Hersh Goldwurm, edited by Hersh Goldwurm (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1992), volume 36, pages 30b–31a.

But Ben Azzai taught that the words of , "This is the book of the generations of Adam," state a still more encompassing principle.Sifra, Kedoshim, pereq 4, ¶ 200:3:7, in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, Sifra: An Analytical Translation, volume 3, page 109; see also Jerusalem Talmud Nedarim 9:4, in, e.g., Talmud Yerushalmi, elucidated by Elchanan Cohen et al, volume 33.

Intermediates showing the functionalization of ring D in samandarin The carbon chain on the D ring of cholesterol is degraded by functionalizations with carboxyl groups and sequential decarboxylation reactions. A hydroxyl group is also installed on the adjacent carbon to yield samandarin. These steps are performed by enzymes in the salamander. The details of the biosynthesis have not been elucidated completely.

The miR-129 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA molecule that regulates gene expression. This microRNA was first experimentally characterised in mouse and homologues have since been discovered in several other species, such as humans, rats and zebrafish. The mature sequence is excised by the Dicer enzyme from the 5' arm of the hairpin. It was elucidated by Calin et al.

In 1916, Bayer scientists discovered suramin, an anti-parasite drug that is still sold by Bayer under the brand name Germanin. The formula of suramin was kept secret by Bayer for commercial reasons, but it was elucidated and published in 1924 by Ernest Fourneau and his team at the Pasteur Institute. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Pfeiffer coined the term endotoxin at the beginning of the 20th century to denote the pyrogenic principle associated with Vibrio cholerae. It was soon realised that endotoxins were expressed by most and perhaps all gram-negative bacteria. The lipopolysaccharide character of enteric endotoxins was elucidated in 1944 by Shear. The molecular character of this material was determined by Luderitz et al.

Babylonian Talmud Gittin 38a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Gittin: Volume 1, elucidated by Yitzchok Isbee, Nasanel Kasnett, Israel Schneider, Avrohom Berman, Mordechai Kuber, edited by Hersh Goldwurm (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1993), volume 34, page 38a. Explaining why Rabban Simeon ben Gamaliel saidSee Mishnah Taanit 4:8, in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, Mishnah, pages 315–16; Babylonian Talmud Taanit 26b, in, e.g.

Babylonian Talmud Moed Katan 20b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Gedaliah Zlotowitz, Michoel Weiner, Noson Dovid Rabinowitch, and Yosef Widroff, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 21, page 20b2. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1999. The Mishnah interpreted to teach that both acting and retired High Priests had to marry a virgin and were forbidden to marry a widow.

Mishnah Bekhorot 7:1–7, in, e.g., The Mishnah: A New Translation. Translated by Jacob Neusner, pages 800–03. Babylonian Talmud Bekhorot 43a–46a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Noson Boruch Herzka, Michoel Weiner, Henoch Moshe Levin, Mendy Wachsman, Asher Septimus, and Eliezer Herzka, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2004), volume 66, pages 43a2–46a1.

Tosefta Shabbat 1:1–17:29, in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, The Tosefta, volume 1, pages 357–427. Jerusalem Talmud Shabbat 1a–113b (Land of Israel, circa 400 CE), in, e.g., Talmud Yerushalmi, elucidated by Yehuda Jaffa, Gershon Hoffman, Mordechai Smilowitz, Abba Zvi Naiman, Chaim Ochs, and Mendy Wachsman, edited by Chaim Malinowitz, Yisroel Simcha Schorr, and Mordechai Marcus, volumes 13–15.

The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. It was at one time thought to be a subspecies of the dark bolo mouse Necromys obscurus and some authorities consider it to be a synonym of Necromys lasiurus. Mitochondrial DNA analysis supports it being a species in its own right, but the precise range occupied by each species has not been elucidated.

In, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Avrohom Neuberger and Abba Zvi Naiman; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 33a, page 10a4. Reading the report of Tamar in "She sat in the gate of Enaim," Rabbi Alexander taught that Tamar went and sat at the entrance of the place of Abraham, the place to which all eyes (, einaim) look.

Rabbah bar bar Hana said that he saw the flow of the milk and honey in all the Land of Israel and the total area was equal to an area of twenty-two parasangs by six parasangs.Babylonian Talmud Ketubot 111b–12a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Kesubos: Volume 3, elucidated by Abba Zvi Naiman, et al., volume 28, pages 111b–12a.

Mishnah Berakhot 2:2, in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, Mishnah, page 5; Babylonian Talmud Berakhot 13a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Gedaliah Zlotowitz, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 1, pages 13a3–4. Reading , "To love the Lord your God and to serve Him with all your heart," a Baraita equated service of the heart with prayer.

One form of the categorical imperative is superrationality. The concept was elucidated by Douglas Hofstadter as a new approach to game theory. Unlike in conventional game theory, a superrational player will act as if all other players are superrational too and that a superrational agent will always come up with the same strategy as any other superrational agent when facing the same problem.

The three dimensional structure of mEH has been elucidated from Aspergillus niger. Although no 3D modeling has been solved for the mammalian mEH enzyme (EPHX1), the overall homology between fungal and mammalian mEH is relatively high. This high homology has allowed for the elucidation overall general structure and subsequent catalytic mechanism of EPHX1 in humans by comparisons to existing structures of fungal mEH.

Clutch two dirty white eggs, virtually entirely covered by vinous-brown markings (85, 84), although there can be substantial variation in both the depth of the background color and extent of the markings, even within the same clutch, size 20.5 × 13.5 mm. Incubation time and fledging periods are not known. All facets of the exclusively female (parental) care remain to be elucidated.

Cell Biol. 26(13):5086-95 (2006). Differentially labelling protease-treated and untreated samples with either Cy3 or Cy5, pooling said samples, and analyzing them together by 2D-PAGE allows substrate and cleavage products to be studied from the fluorescent gel. The spots corresponding to potentially substrate and cleavage products can be later elucidated using Mass Spectrometry or Edman Sequencing.

In 1987, Query and Keene first identified a B-cell epitope within the U1-70K protein. Keene isolated the first human autoimmune antigen and elucidated its autoimmune epitopes, the parts of an antigen to which antibodies in the immune system can bind. He cloned rheumatological autoimmune protein genes. He developed a diagnostic test for systemic lupus erythematosus using recombinant antigens.

Almost for half a century Levan Maruashvili travelled a lot over his native land and studied its nature. Almost all the branches of Geographical science were elucidated in his works: geomorphology, physical geography, paleogeography, karstology and speleology, history of geographical discoveries et al. In his young years he was fond of mountaineering and conquered tens of peaks and high-mountain passes.

Complementary factor inheritance was also elucidated in sweet peas, from the cross of two pure-breeding white strains which gave rise to a blue hybrid, the blue colour requiring two genes derived independently from the two white parents.Bateson, W., Saunders, E.R. and Punnett, R.C. (1906). Experimental studies in the physiology of heredity. Reports to the Evolution Committee, Royal Society of London 3.

The Ras-Raf-MAPK pathway was not elucidated for another year. In 1993, Schreiber and Crabtree developed "small-molecule dimerizers", which provide small-molecule activation over numerous signaling molecules and pathways (e.g., the Fas, insulin, TGFβ and T-cell receptors) through proximity effects. Schreiber and Crabtree demonstrated that small molecules could activate a signaling pathway in an animal with temporal and spatial control.

Barbier (in collaboration with Tiemann and his PhD supervisor Marcellin Berthelot) had a . great interest in determining the structures of fragrance compounds. Due to the lack of structural elucidation tools available at the time, most of this work was done using a combination of elemental analysis and qualitative analysis. Structures elucidated by Barbier include myrcenol, citral, linalool (also known as licareol), and puleone.

So they also cited "Now therefore come, and let us go to the host of the Arameans; if they save us alive, we shall live."Babylonian Talmud Bava Kamma 60b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Avrohom Neuberger, Reuvein Dowek, Eliezer Herzka, Asher Dicker, Mendy Wachsman, and Nasanel Kasnett, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 39, page 60b1.

The first experiments indicating that some plants do not use carbon fixation but instead produce malate and aspartate in the first step of carbon fixation were done in the 1950s and early 1960s by Hugo Peter Kortschak and Yuri Karpilov. The pathway was elucidated by Marshall Davidson Hatch and Charles Roger Slack, in Australia, in 1966; it is sometimes called the Hatch–Slack pathway.

Kristian Olaf Bernhard Birkeland (13 December 1867 – 15 June 1917) was a Norwegian scientist. He is best remembered for his theories of atmospheric electric currents that elucidated the nature of the aurora borealis. In order to fund his research on the aurorae, he invented the electromagnetic cannon and the Birkeland–Eyde process of fixing nitrogen from the air. Birkeland was nominated for the Nobel Prize seven times.

7, pp 107-149. For the gamma phase (γ-Zirconium phosphate), unfortunately, an appropriate single crystal for single-crystal structure determination has been futile to obtain. In 1995 Clearfield and coworkers elucidated its structure using X-ray powder diffractometry (XRPD) and the Rietveld refinement method.Poojary, D. M.; Shpeizer, B.; Clearfield, A., X-Ray-Powder Structure and Rietveld Refinement of γ-Zirconium Phosphate, Zr(PO4)(H2PO4)∙2H2O.

PhTX-433 was structurally elucidated and synthesized in 1988 by Eldefrawi and colleagues. For the isolation and structural identification of PhTX-433 female wasp venom glands were fractionated using reverse-phase HPLC and fractions were tested for pharmacological activity. The most pharmacologically active sample was re- fractioned using the same method. UV spectrum and H1NMR analysis revealed that the structure consisted of a butyrl/tyrosil/polyamine sequence.

Once the detailed nature of the secondary structure of DNA was elucidated by Francis Crick, James Watson, Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins, DNA denaturation could be understood as the unwinding of the double helix. It became fundamental in all processes that use DNA amplification, e.g. DNA sequencing, molecular cloning and Polymerase Chain Reaction whether for fundamental purposes or for applications to gene therapy and judicial enquiries.

In any event, the precise formulation of what came to be called the "criterion of cognitive significance" took three decades (Hempel 1950, Carnap 1956, Carnap 1961). Carl Hempel became a major critic within the logical positivism movement. Hempel criticized the postivist thesis that empirical knowledge is restricted to Basissätze/Beobachtungssätze/Protokollsätze (basic statements or observation statements or protocol statements). Hempel elucidated the paradox of confirmation.

Others who lack this skill yet still manage to enter the Twilight are at an increased risk of being completely drained of their life and energy. The nature of Twilight is not fully elucidated in the first novel. It is composed of seven levels, each layer requires geometrically more power to enter and remain in. Each layer is quite different from the layer above it.

The MLR encodes the tag peptide between resume and stop codons. RNA helices (numbered one to 12) and their sections (letters) are gray. The complete E. coli tmRNA secondary structure was elucidated by comparative sequence analysis and structural probing. Watson-Crick and G-U base pairs were identified by comparing the bacterial tmRNA sequences using automated computational methods in combination with manual alignment procedures.

Others papers on the 'Physical Geology of Western Europe during Mesozoic and Camozoic Times, elucidated by the Coral Fauna,' on 'The Formation of Land Masses', and the remarkable paper 'On Lakes and their Origin', were also important contributions to science. Duncan's health began to fail about two years prior to his death, which closed a painful illness on 28 May 1891. He was buried in Chiswick churchyard.

As a novel modification of HITS-CLIP, m6A-CLIP was developed to precisely map m6A locations in mRNA by UV-crosslinking m6A antibody to the target RNA. Recently, improved bioinformatics methods applied to Argonaute HITS-CLIP, have identified binding sites with single nucleotide resolution. Furthermore, the post-transcriptional regulatory networks of prokaryotic RNA binding proteins have been successfully elucidated under application of CLIP-seq.

GPR156 (G protein-coupled receptor 156), is a human gene which encodes a G protein-coupled receptor belonging to metabotropic glutamate receptor subfamily. By sequence homology, this gene was proposed as being a possible GABAB receptor subunit, however when expressed in cells alone or with other GABAB subunits, no response to GABAB ligands could be detected. Therefore, the function of this protein remains to be elucidated.

The root cause of AEXS is not entirely clear, but it has been elucidated that inheritable, autosomal dominant genetic mutations affecting CYP19A1, the gene which encodes aromatase, are involved in its etiology. Different mutations are associated with differential severity of symptoms, such as mild to severe gynecomastia. For example, duplications result in relatively mild gynecomastia, while deletions, resulting in chimeric genes, cause moderate or severe gynecomastia.

It is used to induce pancreatitis in experimental animal models. The tree frog Litoria caerulae, formerly named Hyla caerulae. Ceruletide was discovered and its structure elucidated in 1967 by Australian and Italian scientists from dried skins of the Australian green tree frog (Litoria caerulea, formerly Hyla caerulea). Its amino acid sequence is Pglu-Gln-Asp- Tyr[SO3H]-Thr-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2.

Br J Pharmacol. 2005; 144: 605-616. While vasomotion was first observed by Thomas Wharton Jones in 1852, the complete mechanisms responsible for its generation and its physiological importance remain to be elucidated, however several hypotheses have been put forth.Aalkaer C, Nilsson H. Vasomotion: cellular background for the oscillator and for the synchronization of smooth muscle cells. Br J Pharmacol. 2005; 144: 605-616.

The biological role of JADE1 has not been elucidated. Limited number of publications addresses this question using mice models. The most comprehensive study which was published in 2003, identified mice orthologue of human JADE1, Jade1, and investigated Jade1 expression during mice embryogenesis. Searching for developmentally regulated genes the authors used gene trap screen analysis and identified mouse Jade1 as gene strongly regulated during embryogenesis.

In the 1950s and 1960s, he collaborated with Tsung Dao (T.D.) Lee and Kerson Huang, etc. and studied statistical mechanics and condensed matter theory. He studied the theory of phase transition and elucidated the Lee–Yang circle theorem, properties of quantum boson liquid, two dimensional Ising model, flux quantization in superconductors (with N. Byers, 1961), and proposed the concept of Off-Diagonal Long-Range Order (ODLRO, 1962).

Hemoglobin's reversible oxygenation was described a few years later by Felix Hoppe-Seyler. In 1959, Max Perutz determined the molecular structure of hemoglobin by X-ray crystallography. This work resulted in his sharing with John Kendrew the 1962 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their studies of the structures of globular proteins. The role of hemoglobin in the blood was elucidated by French physiologist Claude Bernard.

While all mechanistic aspects of this behavior have yet to be elucidated (e.g., evidence indicates differential gene expression is involved, but the specifics have yet to be determined), many of the physiological aspects of paraheliotropic movement, at least in Phaseolus vulgaris (the common bean), are well understood.Iino, M., Long, C., and Wang, X. (2001). Auxin- and Abscisic Acid-Dependent Osmoregulation in Protoplasts of Phasoleus vulgaris Pulvini.

Rabbi Judah, however, granted that the priest could be seen outside the Tabernacle, but argued that the sacrifice in his hands could not be seen.Babylonian Talmud Zevachim 59b–60a. Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Moshe Zev Einhorn, Henoch Moshe Levin, Michoel Weiner, Shlomo Fox-Ashrei, and Abba Zvi Naiman; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 56, pages 59b1–60a1.

The CPT system directly acts on the transfer of fatty acids between the cytosol and the inner mitochondrial matrix. CPT II shares structural elements with other members of the carnitine acyltransferase protein family. The crystal structure of rat CPT II was recently elucidated by Hsiao et al. The human homolog of the CPT II enzyme shows 82.2% amino acid sequence homology with the rat protein.

Symptoms of IST, however, may be distracting and warrant treatment. The heart is a strong muscle and typically can sustain the higher-than-normal heart rhythm, though monitoring the condition is generally recommended. The mechanism and primary etiology of inappropriate sinus tachycardia has not been fully elucidated. An autoimmune mechanism has been suggested, as several studies have detected autoantibodies that activate beta adrenoreceptors in some patients.

Two can be classified as protein halocins: HalH1 and HalH4; the molecular masses of the remaining halocins have yet to be elucidated. Halocin H1 is produced by Hfx. mediterranei M2a (formerly strain Xia3), isolated from a solar saltern near Alicante, Spain. It is a 31 kDa protein that is heat-labile, loses activity when desalted, and exhibits a broad range of inhibition within the haloarchaea.

Due to these distortions, zero taxation of capital income might be optimal, a result postulated by the Atkinson–Stiglitz theorem (1976) and the Chamley–Judd zero capital income tax result (1985/1986). Subsequent work on optimal capital income taxation has elucidated the assumptions underlying the theoretical optimality of a zero capital income tax. Additionally, diverse arguments for a positive optimal capital income tax have been advanced.

However, she was stated to have rescued the lapses with her impeccable acting. The character formulation of "Jobe" was elucidated as having a persona that demonstrates that even area boys/societal miscreants can still seek consent without making sexual advances and not take advantage of persons by having a high level of discipline. The pacing and some sub-plots were criticized as not being well done.

In the early 1970s, the two-host lifecycle of Sarcocystis was actually elucidated. In 1969, A. M. Mandour described a new species of Sarcocystis in rhesus macaques, which he named Sarcocystis nesbitti, after Mr. P. Nesbitt, who saw the trophozoites in stained smears. Snakes are now known to be the definitive hosts of S. nesbitti, and several primates, including humans, can be intermediate hosts.

Plicamycin has been used in the treatment of testicular cancer, Paget's disease of bone, and, rarely, the management of hypercalcemia. Plicamycin has been tested in chronic myeloid leukemia. Plicamycin is currently used in multiple areas of research, including cancer cell apoptosis and as a metastasis inhibitor. One elucidated pathway shows it interacts by cross-binding chromatin GC-rich promoter motifs, thereby inhibiting gene transcription.

Early mechanistic studies from the 1960s elucidated several key points:Henry, Patrick M. In Handbook of Organopalladium Chemistry for Organic Synthesis; Negishi, E., Ed.; Wiley & Sons: New York, 2002; p 2119. # No H/D exchange effects seen in this reaction. Experiments using C2D4 in water generate CD3CDO, and runs with C2H4 in D2O generate CH3CHO. Thus, keto-enol tautomerization is not a possible mechanistic step.

In 1806 they elucidated all the chemical reactions that take place during the production of sulfuric acid by the lead chamber method, as used in industrial chemistry. In 1813 they made a study of iodine and its compounds. Desormes was born in Dijon, Côte-d'Or. He was a student at the École Polytechnique in Paris from 1794, when it opened, and subsequently worked there as a demonstrator.

154 In Italy he met Mussolini and Pope Pius XI and elucidated Gandhi's message through the Giornale d'Italia. In Germany he held public speeches in Kassel and Berlin and met Albert Einstein whom he was introduced to by Wilfrid Israel, in Caputh. Introduced to Gandhi's ideas through Sundaram, Einstein wrote a letter to the Mahatma, which Sundaram was asked to transmit.Einstein's letter and Gandhi's answer, gandhiserve.

For says, "And it came to pass (, va-yehi) on the eighth day," and says, "And there was (, va-yehi) one day."Babylonian Talmud Megillah 10b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Megillah, elucidated by Gedaliah Zlotowitz and Hersh Goldwurm, volume 20, page 10b2. Second Day of Creation (illustration from the 1493 Nuremberg Chronicle) The Mishnah taught that God created the world with ten Divine utterances.

Rabbah bar Mari replied that the saying found support in , where first the angel calls Hagar "Sarai's handmaid," and then Hagar acknowledged that she was Sarai's servant, saying, "I flee from the face of my mistress Sarai."Babylonian Talmud Bava Kamma 92b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Abba Zvi Naiman and Mendy Wachsman; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 40, pages 92b2–3.

Rabbi Jose bar Hanina reported that Johanan the High Priest did so because people were not presenting the tithe as mandated by the Torah. For God commanded that the Israelites should give it to the Levites, but (since the days of Ezra) they presented it to the priests instead.Babylonian Talmud Sotah 47b–48a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Sotah: Volume 2, elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, et al.

The Torah: With Rashi's Commentary Translated, Annotated, and Elucidated. Translated and annotated by Yisrael Isser Zvi Herczeg, volume 4 (Bamidbar/Numbers), page 292. Judah Halevi, however, saw in Balaam's prophetic prayer that his death might be made easy and his end be as the end of the Israelites an allusion to the immortality of the soul, the afterlife, and the resurrection of the dead.Judah Halevi.

Rav Papa observed that this is an application of the popular saying that she who descended from princes and governors played the harlot with laborers (showing that she had no conception of the dignity of her beginnings).Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 106a. Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Asher Dicker, Joseph Elias, and Dovid Katz; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 49, page 106a4.

Ladanyi developed physically realistic models for the interaction-induced polarizability, their implementation in computer simulation studies, and the analysis of the polarizability response in terms of the underlying fluid structure and dynamics. Her work elucidated how this response depends on molecular properties such as shape, polarizability anisotropy and polarity, intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding, and fluid thermodynamic parameters such as density, temperature and composition.

Oxidative phosphorylation Chemiosmotic coupling mitochondrion As Fermentation had around 1970 been elucidated, whereas the mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation had not and some controversies still existed, fermentation may have looked too complex for investigators of the origin of life at that time. Peter Mitchell's Chemiosmosis is now however generally accepted as correct. Even Peter Mitchell himself assumed that fermentation preceded chemiosmosis. Chemiosmosis is however ubiquitous in life.

Onset is generally seen within the first few hours of administration. The true pathology of purple glove syndrome is not fully elucidated, however it is believed to be due to the crystallization of phenytoin within the blood and extravasates into the surrounding interstitium. Another mechanism may be due to the disruption of endothelial transcellular junctions followed by leaking of phenytoin into the surround soft tissues.

The study of chemical kinetics is used to determine the rate law for a reaction. The rate law provides a quantitative relationship between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentrations or pressures of the chemical species present. Note, Amazon rather than Google allows access into this text. Rate laws must be determined by experimental measurement and generally cannot be elucidated from the chemical equation.

He is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and a member of the American Chemical Society. He was awarded the 1999 APS Earle K. Plyler Prize for Molecular Spectroscopy for "pioneering work in ultrahigh resolution ultraviolet spectroscopy of cold molecules in beams that elucidated the structure and isomerization dynamics of a wide range of large molecules, molecular vibrational dynamics, and hydrogen bonding".

In 1880 in Graz he received a doctorate degree in the field of organic chemistry. For his doctorate degree he elucidated the structure of hexene and mannitol obtained from manna. He determined the place of the double bond in hexene obtained from mannitol and proved that it is a derivative of a normal hexene. This also solved the structure of mannitol which had been unknown until then.

Although the forty days of Great Lent end on Lazarus Friday, this day is still observed as a fast day; however, the fast is mitigated to allow consumption of caviar, eggs being a symbol of the resurrection and prominent on Pascha, and fish eggs being a shadow thereof show the raising of Lazarus as a foreshadowing of Christ's Resurrection, as elucidated in the propers of the day.

The MAT locus and sexual strategy of H. moniliformis was recently elucidated. Unlike its close relatives that are heterothallic, H. moniliformis exhibits a homothallic sexual strategy. It harbours only the MAT1-2-1 gene at its MAT locus and is thus an example of a unisexually reproducing species. Such species are able to produce sexual progeny even in the absence of typically essential mating genes.

Memes are purposefully directed actions that can be exercised in concerted ways, as contrasted with mere behaviours. This is first unambiguously elucidated in his paper ‘Art history?’.[5]‘Art history?’ History and Theory 43 (February 2004), 1-17. Brook’s account of art as the essentially unexpected recognition of the viability of new memes is spelled out in his book The awful truth about what art is (2008).

Timiryazev is depicted in the gown of Cambridge University where he was awarded an honorary doctorate. The granite pedestal bears the inscription of 'the curve of plant physiology' which Timiryazev elucidated. In October 1941 the statue was overturned by a Fascist bomb, but after a few hours it was back in its place. Its lower half still bears the marks caused by bomb splinters.

H.R. Cox and Gordon Davis elucidated the transmission when they isolated it from ticks found in the US state of Montana in 1938. It is a zoonotic disease whose most common animal reservoirs are cattle, sheep, and goats. Coxiella burnetii – named for Cox and Burnet – is no longer regarded as closely related to the Rickettsiae, but as similar to Legionella and Francisella, and is a proteobacterium.

This can be elucidated from the outside of the building or by walking down the stairwell from the 9th floor or higher. There is also a floor 2A which is inaccessible except from the freight elevators. There are also three floors beneath the IDS called P1, P2, and P3. These are storage levels for tenants and also are connected to the parking ramp below the IDS.

Between 1991 she combined this with a post as academic assistant at the Wallraf-Richartz Museum in Cologne, during which period she choreographed the Stefan Lochner exhibition, celebrating a relatively little-known late-medieval artist whose work she has further championed and elucidated subsequently. Between 1994 and 1996 Täube was part of a research project into Gothic Painting in the research department of the city's Museums Service.

Fifth, an angel came and lifted up the lintel so that Phinehas could exit holding the spear. And sixth, an angel came and sowed destruction among the people, distracting the Simeonites from killing Phinheas.Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 82b (Babylonia, 6th century), in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Michoel Weiner and Asher Dicker, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1994), volume 48, page 82b1.

Within the cells of some members of basidiomycetes fungi are found microscopic structures called parenthesomes or septal pore caps. They are shaped like parentheses and found on either side of pores in the dolipore septum which separates cells within a hypha. Their function has not been established, and their composition has not been fully elucidated. The variations in their appearance are useful in distinguishing individual species.

Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 84b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Asher Dicker, Joseph Elias, and Dovid Katz, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1995), volume 49, page 84b. Rav Naḥman said in the name of Rabbah bar Abbuha that requires that even when executing a person, one must choose for the condemned an easy death.Babylonian Talmud Ketubot 37b, Sanhedrin 45a.

Unlike the other assimilatory pathways, bacteria using the RuBP pathway derive all of their organic carbon from CO2 assimilation. This pathway was first elucidated in photosynthetic autotrophs and is better known as the Calvin Cycle. Shortly thereafter, methylotrophic bacteria who could grow on reduced C1 compounds were found using this pathway. First, 3 molecules of ribulose 5-phosphate are phosphorylated to ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP).

The Gemara went on to cite Rabbi Nathan's interpretation of , "You shall neither wrong a stranger, nor oppress him; for you were strangers in the land of Egypt," to teach that one must not taunt another about a flaw that one has oneself.Babylonian Talmud Bava Metzia 59b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Mordechai Rabinovitch and Tzvi Horowitz, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 42, page 59b3.

Her research elucidated the mechanism of cytokine activation that led to a constitutively activated form of full-length TyrRS. Yang became an assistant professor at The Scripps Research Institute Department of Molecular Medicine in 2005. She was promoted to associate professor in 2008 and to tenured full professor in 2014. At Scripps, she has continued making scientific advances in this field while running her own research laboratory.

When obtaining the chief complaint, medical students are advised to use open-ended questions. Once the presenting problem is elucidated, a history of present illness can be done using acronyms such as SOCRATES or OPQRST to further analyze the severity, onset and nature of the presenting problem. The patient's initial comments to a physician, nurse, or other health care professionals are important for formulating differential diagnoses.

In Euclidean spaces, random projections are elucidated using the Johnson–Lindenstrauss lemma. Johnson, W. and Lindenstrauss, J. (1984) Extensions of Lipschitz mappings into a Hilbert space, in Contemporary Mathematics. American Mathematical Society, vol. 26, pp. 189–206. The TopSig techniqueGeva, S. & De Vries, C.M. (2011) TopSig: Topology Preserving Document Signatures, In Proceedings of Conference on Information and Knowledge Management 2011, 24-28 October 2011, Glasgow, Scotland.

Lillie was appointed an Assistant Professor at the University of Chicago in 1900. He was named Chairman of the Department of Zoology in 1910 and Dean of the Division of Biological Sciences in 1931. His research there was instrumental in the development of the field of embryology. He identified the influence of potassium on cell differentiation and elucidated the biological mechanisms behind free-martins.

Biochemical studies have elucidated the mechanism of action of pure harpagoside, showing that it moderately inhibited cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 of the arachidonic acid pathway ( COX – 1/2) and overall nitric oxide production in human blood. COX 1 and 2 are key enzymes of the arachidonic acid pathway and it has been shown that inhibitors of these cyclooxygenases have implications for treating rheumatoid arthritis.

Therefore, says, "his iniquity is upon him," meaning that God decreed that the sinner shall be cut off only if the sinner's iniquity is still in him (and the sinner dies unrepentant).Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 90b. Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Asher Dicker, Joseph Elias, and Dovid Katz; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 49, pages 90b4–5. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1995.

Although membrane proteins play an important role in all organisms, their purification has historically, and continues to be, a huge challenge for protein scientists. In 2008, 150 unique structures of membrane proteins were available, and by 2019 only 50 human membrane proteins had had their structures elucidated. In contrast approximately 25% of all proteins are membrane proteins. Their hydrophobic surfaces make structural and especially functional characterization difficult.

The Shibasaki group produced the first chiral lanthanide- binaphtholate complex in 1992, which was used to catalyse nitroaldol reactions. The complex was not characterised but was the first to perform the reaction enantioselectively. This success led to further research which resulted in the development of heterometallic complexes with the formula [Ln(binol)3(M)3], the structure of which was elucidated by X-ray crystallography.

February 2003. Obituaries. Ruth Clayton. She was one of a group of scientists who joined the Institute at a time when it was led by C.H. Waddington and when many of the fundamental aspects of modern biology were being elucidated by forward thinking scientists at the University's King's Buildings campus.Martynoga, B. Molecular Tinkering: The Edinburgh scientists who changed the face of modern biology. 2018.

While infection can occur by the fecal-oral route, ingestion of bacteria in raw or undercooked seafood, usually oysters, is the predominant cause of the acute gastroenteritis caused by V. parahaemolyticus. Wound infections also occur, but are less common than seafood-borne disease. The disease mechanism of V. parahaemolyticus infections has not been fully elucidated. Clinical isolates usually possess a pathogenicity island (PAI) on the second chromosome.

Resh Lakish deduced from the interjection of the apparently parenthetical words, "which you broke," in that God was thereby saying to Moses that Moses did well to break them.Babylonian Talmud Bava Batra 14b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Yosaif Asher Weiss, edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 44, page 14b. The Pirke De-Rabbi Eliezer explained how the Levites came to minister before God, as directed in .

In early part of his academic career, Brown studied base-pair mismatch and DNA repair. Later he worked on the mutagenic effect of chemically modified DNA bases. In collaboration with Laurence Pearl, he elucidated the structural basis of excision repair by Uracil-DNA glycosylase. His group is also well known for rapid mutation analysis and for the application of Molecular genetics in forensics and diagnostics.

Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1994. Based on this reading of , a Baraita taught that judges would tell defendants that the court administered oaths to them not only according to the defendant's own understanding, but according to the understandings of God and the court.Babylonian Talmud Shevuot 39a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Michoel Weiner and Mordechai Kuber; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 51, page 39a2.

Even though intelectins contain fibrinogen-like domain found in the ficolins family of immune lectins, there is significant structural divergence. Thus, intelectins may not function through the same lectin-complement pathway. Most intelectins are still poorly characterized and they may have diverse biological roles. Human intelectin-1 (hIntL-1) has also been shown to bind lactoferrin, but the functional consequence has yet to be elucidated.

The Gobiiformes are an order of fish that includes the gobies and their relatives. The order, which was previously considered a suborder of Perciformes, is made up of about 2,211 species that are divided between seven families. Phylogenetic relationships of the Gobiiformes have been elucidated using molecular data. Gobiiforms are primarily small species that live in marine water, but roughly 10% of these species inhabit fresh water.

Based on genetic evidence, genus Phytotriades was erected in 2009 to remedy polyphyly of Phyllodytes as then defined. It remains to be elucidated which Phyllodytes species, apart from Phytotriades (=Phyllodytes) auratus, the type species of the genus Phytotriades, might belong to Phytotriades instead of Phyllodytes. With Phytotriades auratus from Trinidad and Venezuela placed in its own genus, the remaining Phyllodytes species are all endemic to Brazil.

Gene duplications have played a crucial role in the evolution of species. This applies particularly to transcription factors. Once they occur as duplicates, accumulated mutations encoding for one copy can take place without negatively affecting the regulation of downstream targets. However, changes of the DNA binding specificities of the single-copy LEAFY transcription factor, which occurs in most land plants, have recently been elucidated.

The compound features a square planar platinum(II) center. In contrast to cisplatin and carboplatin, oxaliplatin features the bidentate ligand 1,2-diaminocyclohexane in place of the two monodentate ammine ligands. It also features a bidentate oxalate group. The three-dimensional structure of the molecule has been elucidated by X-ray crystallography, although the presence of pseudosymmetry in the crystal structure has caused confusion in its interpretation.

A criticism of the TN model is that most individuals who experience childhood trauma do not develop psychotic symptoms. Many survivors of childhood trauma recover without persistent adverse effects. Further, childhood trauma is a known predictor of both medical and psychological disorders, many of which often co-occur with psychosis. Whether childhood trauma is robustly linked to a specific diagnosis relative to others remains to be elucidated.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 73: 39-43, 1976. as well as recombination of chromosomal DNA containing damaged DNA.Fornace, A. J., Jr. Recombination of parent and daughter strand DNA after UV-irradiation in mammalian cells. Nature 304: 552-554, 1983. While in Dr. Jerry Crabtree’s laboratory, he elucidated a type of common regional genetic duplication event that occurs over an evolutionary time scale in humans.

There are two broad categories of adverse drug reactions. Type A reactions are known side effects of a drug that are largely predictable and are called, pharmatoxicologic. Whereas Type B or hypersensitivity reactions, are often immune-mediated and reproducible with repeated exposure to normal dosages of a given drug. Unlike type A reactions, the mechanism of type B or hypersensitivity drug reactions is not fully elucidated.

This work elucidated which specific aspects of spatial representations seemed to be most impaired. Children with WS were just as competent as normally developing children at replicating simple models but were much less accurate when copying more complex models. They understood how patterns were oriented (horizontally, vertically or diagonally) but had problems with determining the arrangement of blocks (e.g. which color blocks went in which locations).

Ulysses in particular is set with precision in the streets and alleyways of the city. Shortly after the publication of Ulysses, he elucidated this preoccupation somewhat, saying, "For myself, I always write about Dublin, because if I can get to the heart of Dublin I can get to the heart of all the cities of the world. In the particular is contained the universal."Ellman, p.

Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 22b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Asher Dicker and Abba Zvi Naiman, edited by Hersh Goldwurm (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1993), volume 47, page 22b. Thus, a Baraita taught that a common priest had to get his hair cut every 30 days, the High Priest every week on the eve of the Sabbath, and the king every day.Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 22b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Asher Dicker and Abba Zvi Naiman, edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 47, page 22b. A Baraita taught that the righteous are blessed, for not only do they acquire merit, but they bestow merit on their children and children's children to the end of all generations. The Baraita deduced from the words "that were left" used in to describe Aaron's remaining sons that those sons deserved to be burned like Nadab and Abihu, but Aaron's merit helped them avoid that fate.

Rav Judah and Rava inferred from the great value of rain. Rava also inferred from the comparison in of Torah to both rain and dew that Torah can affect a worthy scholar as beneficially as dew, and an unworthy one like a crushing rainstorm.Babylonian Talmud Taanit 7a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Taanis, elucidated by Mordechai Kuber and Michoel Weiner, edited by Hersh Goldwurm (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1991), volume 19, page 7a. Rabbi Abbahu cited to support the proposition of Mishnah Berakhot 7:1Mishnah Berakhot 7:1 (Land of Israel, circa 200 CE), in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, The Mishnah: A New Translation (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988), page 11; Babylonian Talmud Berakhot 45a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Berachos: Volume 2, elucidated by Yosef Widroff, Mendy Wachsman, Israel Schneider, and Zev Meisels, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1997), volume 2, page 45a3.

Puddephatt has conducted pioneering research on synthesis, reactivity and elucidation of mechanisms in the organometallic chemistry of the noble metals, particularly related to the role of organometallic compounds in catalysis and in materials science. He has elucidated the mechanisms of reactions which are fundamental in many homogenous catalytic processes, most notably in studies of oxidative addition and reductive elimination with alkylplatinum and alkyl–gold complexes and of skeletal rearrangements of metallacyclobutane complexes, often called the Puddephatt rearrangement. Remarkable coordinatively unsaturated platinum clusters and platinum–rhenium clusters have been synthesised and shown to be excellent mimics of the surface reactivity, related to heterogeneous catalysis by supported platinum and bimetallic platinum–rhenium catalysts. New, commercially useful organometallic precursors for chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of thin films of metals such as palladium, platinum, silver and gold have been discovered and the fundamental mechanisms of those CVD processes elucidated.

Myrosinase (, thioglucoside glucohydrolase, sinigrinase, and sinigrase) is a family of enzymes involved in plant defense against herbivores. The three- dimensional structure has been elucidated and is available in the PDB (see links in the infobox). A member of the glycoside hydrolase family, myrosinase possesses several similarities with the more ubiquitous O-glycosidases. However, myrosinase is the only known enzyme found in nature that can cleave a thio-linked glucose.

These peptides act very quickly, causing instantaneous paralysis to prevent prey from escaping and eventually death due to diaphragmatic paralysis. The first myotoxin to be identified and isolated was crotamine, from the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus, a tropical South American rattlesnake, by Brazilian scientist José Moura Gonçalves, in the 1950s. Its biological actions, molecular structure and gene responsible for its synthesis were all elucidated in the last two decades.

The result was a prayerbook, published in 1981, that facilitated uninterrupted prayer and elucidated the underlying meaning of the text. The siddur became one of the most widely used prayerbooks in Israel. In 2009, Koren Publishers Jerusalem introduced a new Hebrew-English edition of the Koren Siddur, the Koren Sacks Siddur, with an introduction, translation, and commentary by Chief Rabbi of the United Kingdom, Rabbi Lord Jonathan Sacks.

Zirconium phosphate crystal structure was elucidated by Clearfield and coworkers in 1968 by the single-crystal method.Clearfield, A.; Smith, G. D., Crystallography and structure of α-zirconium bis(monohydrogen orthophosphate) monohydrate. Inorg. Chem. 1969, 8, 431-436. The layered structure of α-Zirconium phosphate consists of Zr(IV) ions situated alternately slightly above and below the ab plane, forming an octahedron with the oxygen atoms of the tetrahedral phosphate groups.

Rabbi Mana asked Rabbi Haggai what happened to his thirst. Rabbi Haggai replied that when Rabbi Mana told him that he could drink, his thirst went away.Jerusalem Talmud Yoma 44a (6:4), in, e.g., Talmud Yerushalmi, elucidated by Avrohom Neuberger, David Azar, Chaim Ochs, Zev Dickstein, Michoel Weiner, Mordechai Smilowitz, Abba Zvi Naiman, edited by Chaim Malinowitz, Yisroel Simcha Schorr, and Mordechai Marcus, volume 21, pages 44a1–2.

New Haven: Yale University Press His investigation of the movement of water into and out of living egg cells (all the while maintaining their full developmental potential) gave insights into internal cellular structure that is now being more fully elucidated using powerful biophysical tools and computational methods.Just, E. E. (1939), "Water" In: The Biology of the Cell Surface. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston's Son and Co., Inc., pp. 124–146.

Once this was noticed, Dr. Ziegler's enzyme was reclassified as a broadband flavin monooxygenase. In 1984, the first evidence for multiple forms of FMOs was elucidated by two different laboratories when two distinct FMOs were isolated from rabbit lungs. Since then, over 150 different FMO enzymes have been successfully isolated from a wide variety of organisms. Up until 2002, only 5 FMO enzymes were successfully isolated from mammals.

Late-acting self-incompatibility (LSI) is the occurrence of self- incompatibility (SI) in flowering plants where pollen tubes from self-pollen successfully reach the ovary, but ovules fail to develop. Mechanisms that might cause late-acting self-incompatibility have yet to be elucidated. One hypothesis is that the occurrence of LSI is caused by early-acting inbreeding depression where the expression of genetic load causes self-fertilized embryos to abort.

Lumbar Puncture The diagnosis of viral meningitis is made by clinical history, physical exam, and several diagnostic tests. Kernig and Brudzinski signs may be elucidated with specific physical exam maneuvers, and can help diagnose meningitis at the bedside. Most importantly however, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is collected via lumbar puncture (also known as spinal tap). This fluid, which normally surrounds the brain and spinal cord, is then analyzed for signs of infection.

Giambrone v. Douglas, the Alabama Supreme Court ruled that Douglas did not enjoy State–agent immunity because he failed to follow the guidelines of the AHSAA and the National Federation of Wrestling provided to him by Auburn High officials. The limitation on State–agent immunity first elucidated in Giambrone v. Douglas has been cited in several cases since.Giambrone v. Douglas, 874 So. 2d 1046, 1052 (Ala. 2003) ; Feagins v. Waddy, (Ms.

The Court termed the Moral rights as the soul of the author’s works. "The author has a right to preserve, protect and nurture his creations through his moral rights. A creative individual is uniquely invested with the power and mystique of original genius, creating a privileged relationship between a creative author and his work." The Court elucidated on the moral rights that flow from art and literary work.

Frankel never elucidated his beliefs, and the exact correlation between human and divine in his thought is still subject to scholarly debate.Michael Meyer, Response to Modernity: A History of the Reform Movement in Judaism, Wayne State, 1995. pp. 84-89, 414. A similar negative approach toward Higher Criticism, while accepting an evolutionary understanding of Oral Law, defined Rabbi Alexander Kohut, Solomon Schechter and the early generation of American Conservative Judaism.

The NS5A protein plays an important role in viral RNA replication, viral assembly, and complex interactions with cellular functions. The protein has been implicated in the modulation of host defenses, apoptosis, the cell cycle, and stress-responsive pathways. However, its function and complete structure have yet to be elucidated. NS5A seems to be key in triggering the formation of the membranous web in the absence of other similar nonstructural proteins.

Likely, mPER3 binds to other proteins using this domain. However, while PER1/2 have been shown to be important in the transcription-translation feedback loop involved in the intracellular circadian clock, the influence of PER3 in this loop has not yet been fully elucidated, given that mPER3 does not appear to be functionally redundant to mPER1 and mPER2. mPer3 may not be a member of the core clock loop at all.

All of the PA-negative organisms were eaten by spiders. These findings were in line with prior studies done by Eisner and Meinwald which looked at orb weavers and U. ornatrix, along with spiders being fed beetle larva covered in PAs, which they rejected. All of these findings support PAs being utilized for defense against predation. Studies have further elucidated the defenses and uses of PAs in Arctiidae.

In response to invitations he visited England in May of that year, and on several subsequent occasions. These visits were well received. His speeches offered new Perspectives and elucidated many passages in his three major works: Time and Free Will, Matter and Memory, and Creative Evolution. Although necessarily brief statements, they developed and enriched the ideas in his books and clarified for English audiences the fundamental principles of his philosophy.

Appears green when deoxygenated and red when oxygenated. ;Vanabins: Also known as vanadium chromagens, they are found in the blood of sea squirts. They were once hypothesized to use the rare metal vanadium as an oxygen binding prosthetic group. However, although they do contain vanadium by preference, they apparently bind little oxygen, and thus have some other function, which has not been elucidated (sea squirts also contain some hemoglobin).

''' Minhas et al. 2015 have recently elucidated a subset of cis-regulatory elements controlling GLI2 expression. They have shown that conserved non-coding elements (CNEs) from the intron of GLI2 gene act as tissue-specific enhancers and reporter gene expression induced by these elements correlates with previously reported endogenous gli2 expression in zebrafish. The regulatory activities of these elements are observed in several embryonic domains, including neural tube and pectoral fin.

The righting reflex involves complex muscular movements in response to a stimulus. When startled, the brain can evoke anticipatory postural adjustments, or a series of muscle movements, which involves the function of the midbrain. However, the mechanisms of such an origin are yet to be elucidated. Data support the generation of these movements from circuits in the spine connected to the supplementary motor area, the basal ganglia, and the reticular formation.

It has been shown that CBS domains bind to adenosyl groups in molecules such as AMP and ATP, or s-adenosylmethionine, but they may also bind metallic ions such as Mg2+. Upon binding these different ligands the CBS domains regulate the activity of associated enzymatic domains. The molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation are just starting to be elucidated. At the moment, two different type of mechanisms have been proposed.

Wnt signaling also regulates a number of other signaling pathways that have not been as extensively elucidated. One such pathway includes the interaction between Wnt and GSK3. During cell growth, Wnt can inhibit GSK3 in order to activate mTOR in the absence of β-catenin. However, Wnt can also serve as a negative regulator of mTOR via activation of the tumor suppressor TSC2, which is upregulated via Dsh and GSK3 interaction.

The synthesis of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) began with the synthesis of the acrylamide monomer by Sprecht in 1956. In 1957, Shearer patented the first application for what would be later identified as PNIPA for the use as a rodent repellent. Early work was piqued by theoretical curiosity of the material properties of PNIPA. The first report of PNIPA came in 1968, which elucidated the unique thermal behavior in aqueous solutions.

New York: International Publishers. (Original work published 1940). See also Dialectics of Nature Engels elucidated these laws as the materialist dialectic in his work Dialectics of Nature: # The law of the unity and conflict of opposites # The law of the passage of quantitative changes into qualitative changes # The law of the negation of the negation The first law, which originates with the ancient Ionian philosopher Heraclitus,cf. for instance.

Causes and origins of Tourette syndrome have not been fully elucidated. Tourette syndrome (abbreviated as Tourette's or TS) is an inherited neurodevelopmental disorder that begins in childhood or adolescence, characterized by the presence of multiple motor tics and at least one phonic tic, which characteristically wax and wane. Tourette's syndrome occurs along a spectrum of tic disorders, which includes transient tics and chronic tics.Black, KJ. Tourette Syndrome and Other Tic Disorders.

Oral bioavailability of diphenhydramine is in the range of 40% to 60%, and peak plasma concentration occurs about 2 to 3 hours after administration. The primary route of metabolism is two successive demethylations of the tertiary amine. The resulting primary amine is further oxidized to the carboxylic acid. The elimination half-life of diphenhydramine has not been fully elucidated, but appears to range between 2.4 and 9.3 hours in healthy adults.

The regulation of Ler and its transcript, ler, is complex and many-fold. The plasmid encoded regulator (per) directly activates the region of the LEE1 operon which encodes Ler. Integration host factor is also a direct activator of ler and binds upstream of its promoter. Jeannette Barba and her colleagues at the National Autonomous University of Mexico elucidated a positive regulatory loop between Ler, ler, GrlA, and grlRA.

Hermann von Fehling was born in Lübeck. With the intention of taking up pharmacy he entered Heidelberg University about 1835. After graduating he went to Gießen as preparateur to Justus von Liebig, with whom he elucidated the composition of paraldehyde and metaldehyde. In 1839, on Liebig's recommendation, he was appointed to the chair of chemistry in the polytechnic in Stuttgart, a position he held for over 45 years.

Jerusalem Talmud Peah 1a–73b, in, e.g., Talmud Yerushalmi, elucidated by Feivel Wahl, Henoch Moshe Levin, Menachem Goldberger, Avrohom Neuberger, Mendy Wachsman, Michoel Weiner, and Abba Zvi Naiman, edited by Chaim Malinowitz, Yisroel Simcha Schorr, and Mordechai Marcus, volume 3, pages 1a–73b. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2006. The Mishnah taught that the Torah defines no minimum or maximum for the donation of the corners of one's field to the poor.

A Baraita taught that there never was a "stubborn and rebellious son" and never would be, and that was written merely that we might study it and receive reward for the studying. But Rabbi Jonathan said that he saw a stubborn and rebellious son and sat on his grave.Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 71a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Sanhedrin: Volume 2, elucidated by Michoel Weiner and Asher Dicker, volume 48, page 71a3.

Interpreting , “An Ammonite or a Moabite shall not enter into the assembly of the Lord,” the Mishnah taught that whereas an Ammonite and a Moabite are forbidden to enter into the congregation of Israel, their women are permitted immediately (following conversion).Mishnah Yevamot 8:3, in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, Mishnah, page 355; Babylonian Talmud Yevamot 76b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Yevamos: Volume 2, elucidated by Zev Meisels et al.

For the continuation of says of the creditor, "for he takes a man's life to pledge" (and the debtor needs such utensils to prepare the food necessary to sustain life).Mishnah Bava Metzia 9:13, in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, Mishnah, page 555; Babylonian Talmud Bava Metzia 115a, in, e.g., in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Bava Metzia: Volume 3, elucidated by Shlomo Fox-Ashrei et al., volume 43, pages 115a3–4.

Most discussion of DD- peptidase mechanisms revolves around the catalysts of proton transfer. During formation of the acyl-enzyme intermediate, a proton must be removed from the active site serine hydroxyl group and one must be added to the amine leaving group. A similar proton movement must be facilitated in deacylation. The identity of the general acid and base catalysts involved in these proton transfers has not yet been elucidated.

The Ismaili began settling in Bombay when the British Raj had established itself. Modern works on the Nizaris have elucidated their history and, in doing so, dispelled popular histories from the past as mere legends. In 1933, under the direction of the Imam Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III, the Islamic Research Association was developed. Historian Vladimir Ivanov was central to both this institution and the 1946 Ismaili Society of Bombay.

It led him into antibiotics, and he subsequently elucidated the structures of such compounds as nonactin, boromycin, and rifamycins. For Prelog, natural products represented more than a chemical challenge. He considered them a record of billions of years of evolution. In 1944 at the ETH, Prelog managed to separate enantiomers with "asymmetric" trivalent nitrogen by column chromatography at a time when this method was still in its infancy.

Pneumocandin B0 is the starting molecule for the first semisynthetic echinocandin antifungal drug, caspofungin acetate. In the wild-type strain, pneumocandin B0 is a minor fermentation product, and its industrial production was achieved by a combination of extensive mutation and medium optimization. The pneumocandin biosynthetic gene cluster was previously elucidated by a whole genome sequencing approach. Knowledge of the biosynthetic cluster suggested an alternative way to exclusively produce pneumocandin B0.

Babylonian Talmud Chagigah 16a (Sasanian Empire, 6th century), in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Chagigah, elucidated by Dovid Kamenetsky, Henoch Levin, Feivel Wahl, Israel Schneider, and Zev Meisels, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1999), volume 22, page 16a2. Similarly, the Mishnah taught that one should not teach about the Creation to more than one student.Mishnah Chagigah 2:1 (Land of Israel, circa 200 CE), in, e.g.

Babylonian Talmud Megillah 9a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Megillah, elucidated by Gedaliah Zlotowitz and Hersh Goldwurm, volume 20, page 9a2–3. Similarly, Rabbi asked Rabbi Ishmael the son of Rabbi Jose if he had learned from his father the actual meaning of , "And on the seventh day God finished the work that He had been doing" (for surely God finished God's work on the sixth day, not the Sabbath).

Since larvae burrow beneath the surface of fruits that they occupy, it is difficult to observe feeding behavior of these early stages of the flies. In adult A. suspensa, it has been noted that food coloring does not affect the fitness parameters of the flies. Additionally, it was learned that A. suspensa ingested both liquids and solid particles. This information elucidated a feeding mechanism similar to that of the Mediterranean fly.

Du Bois described the book as "the autobiography of a concept of race ... elucidated and magnified and doubtless distorted in the thoughts and deeds which were mine ... Thus for all time my life is significant for all lives of men."Du Bois quoted by Lewis, p. 637. In 1943, at age 76, Du Bois was abruptly fired from his position at Atlanta University by college president Rufus Clement.

As the procession approached the Temple Court, Levites would sing the words of "I will extol You, O Lord, for You have raised me up, and have not suffered my enemies to rejoice over me."Mishnah Bikkurim 3:4, in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, Mishnah, page 173; Jerusalem Talmud Bikkurim 24a, in, e.g., Talmud Yerushalmi: Tractate Bikkurim, elucidated by Yehuda Jaffa, et al., volume 12, pages 24a3–4.

Rabbi Simeon ben Nanos said that the pilgrims could decorate their first fruits (, bikkurim) with produce other than the seven species, but Rabbi Akiva said that they could decorate only with produce of the seven kinds.Mishnah Bikkurim 3:9, in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, Mishnah, page 174; Jerusalem Talmud Bikkurim 25b (3:5), in, e.g., Talmud Yerushalmi: Tractate Bikkurim, elucidated by Yehuda Jaffa, et al., volume 12, page 25b1.

Rabbi Hiyya bar Abba taught in the name of Rabbi Joḥanan that when in Balaam said, "Let me die the death of the righteous," he sought the death of the Patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, who were called righteous.Babylonian Talmud Avodah Zarah 25a. Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Avrohom Neuberger, Nasanel Kasnett, Zev Meisels, and Dovid Kamenetsky; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 52, page 25a1.

This idea was not generally accepted, as the nuclear mechanism was not understood. In the years immediately before World War II, Hans Bethe first elucidated those nuclear mechanisms by which hydrogen is fused into helium. Fred Hoyle's original work on nucleosynthesis of heavier elements in stars, occurred just after World War II.Actually, before the war ended, he learned about the problem of spherical implosion of plutonium in the Manhattan project.

In 1934, biochemist Tadeus Reichstein, working in Switzerland, began research on extracts from animal adrenal glands in order to isolate physiologically active compounds. He was publishing results of his findings along the way. By 1944, he already isolated and elucidated the chemical structure of 29 pure substances. He was assigning names that consisted of the word "Substance" and a letter from the Latin alphabet to the newly found substances.

In addition, the hydrophobic effect—the association of organic compounds in water—is an electrostatic, non-covalent interaction of interest to chemists. The precise physical origin of the hydrophobic effect originates from many complex interactions, but it is believed to be the most important component of biomolecular recognition in water. For example, Xu and Melcher et al. elucidated the structural basis for folic acid recognition by folate acid receptor proteins.

Taylor has made important contributions to a deeper understanding of the way muscles contract and other related cytoskeletal research. His research described the first kinetic model of how molecular motors are able to change chemical energy to mechanical force. He uncovered several molecular cell motors, including some that help certain white blood cells to move. He also elucidated how actin and myosin create movement in non-muscle cells.

The life cycle was elucidated in 1870 when Alexei Pavlovich Fedchenko of Russia discovered the copepod crustacean intermediate host. The life cycle of Dracunculus medinensis has been show to have multiple life stages. Ingestion of infected copepods starts the life cycle in a human host. They then reproduce and grow inside the human for around a year until they burst from a blister on the leg of the host.

Babylonian Talmud Menachot 28b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Menachos: Volume 1, elucidated by Abba Zvi Naiman, Eliezer Herzka, Zev Meisels, Hillel Danziger, and Avrohom Neuberger, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2002), volume 58, page 28b. A non-Jew asked Shammai to convert him to Judaism on condition that Shammai appoint him High Priest. Shammai pushed him away with a builder's ruler.

Mishnah Bekhorot 1:1, in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, Mishnah, pages 787–88; Babylonian Talmud Bekhorot 3b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Bechoros: Volume 1, elucidated by Abba Zvi Naiman, Yosef Davis, Zev Meisels, Avrohom Neuberger, and Mendy Wachsman, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2003), volume 65, page 3b. The Gemara questioned whether taught that the Levites' animals exempted the Israelites' animals.

The Mishnah taught that one who stole one of the sacred vessels (kisvot) described in and was struck down by zealots on the spot.Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:6, in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, Mishnah, page 604; Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 81b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Sanhedrin: Volume 2, elucidated by Michoel Weiner and Asher Dicker, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1994), volume 48, page 81b.

This isolates NO signalling as the key factor controlling haematopoiesis, and not just the presence of circulation. However the signalling cascade linking NO to Runx1 expression is yet to be elucidated. NO signalling has also been shown to control the motility of endothelial cells by regulating the expression of cell adhesion molecules ICAM-1. This makes it likely that it is involved in the budding of haemogenic endothelial cells into circulation.

Narrative exposition is the insertion of background information within a story or narrative. This information can be about the setting, characters' backstories, prior plot events, historical context, etc. In literature, exposition appears in the form of expository writing embedded within the narrative. Exposition is one of four rhetorical modes (also known as modes of discourse), along with description, argumentation, and narration, as elucidated by Alexander Bain and John Genung.

And it was this event to which God referred in when God asked Moses who made men mute or deaf or blind.Jerusalem Talmud Berakhot 87a. Land of Israel, circa 400 CE. Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Yerushalmi. Elucidated by Menachem Goldberger, Mendy Wachsman, Dovid Arye Kaufman, Eliezer Lachman, Abba Zvi Naiman, Michoel Weiner, Zev Meisels; edited by Chaim Malinowitz, Yisroel Simcha Schorr, and Mordechai Marcus, volume 2, pages 87a1–2.

N saturation can result in nutrient imbalances (e.g., loss of calcium due to nitrate leaching) and possible forest decline. A 15-year study of chronic N additions at the Harvard Forest Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) program has elucidated many impacts of increased nitrogen deposition on nutrient cycling in temperate forests. It found that chronic N additions resulted in greater leaching losses, increased pine mortality, and cessation of biomass accumulation.

And then in God told Moses to be the first to extend a greeting of peace to Phinehas, so as to calm the crowd. And the Gemara explained to indicate that the atonement that Phinehas had made was worthy to atone permanently.Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 82b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Michoel Weiner and Asher Dicker, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 48, page 82b.

Mishnah Bava Batra 8:2, in, e.g., The Mishnah: A New Translation, translated by Jacob Neusner, page 574; Babylonian Talmud Bava Batra 115a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Yosef Asher Weiss, edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 45, page 115a. David and Bathsheba (mid-17th-century painting by Bernardino Mei) The Gemara implied that the sin of Moses in striking the rock at Meribah compared favorably to the sin of David.

Babylonian Talmud Sotah 48b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, Moshe Zev Einhorn, Michoel Weiner, Dovid Kamenetsky, and Reuvein Dowek, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 33b, pages 48b1–2. And the Jerusalem Talmud taught that the "former prophets" referred to Samuel and David, and thus the Urim and Thummim did not function in the period of the First Temple, either.Jerusalem Talmud Sotah 24b, in, e.g.

Dolphin is a leader in the field of neuronal voltage-gated calcium channels. She is distinguished for her work on the regulation of calcium channel trafficking and function, and the modulation of that function by activation of G-protein coupled receptors. Her work on the control of calcium channel trafficking by auxiliary calcium channel subunits has been particularly influential. She has elucidated the topology and processing of this family of proteins.

The Mishnah reported that with the death of the former prophets, the Urim and Thummim ceased.Mishnah Sotah 9:12, in, e.g., The Mishnah: A New Translation, translated by Jacob Neusner, page 464; Babylonian Talmud Sotah 48a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, Moshe Zev Einhorn, Michoel Weiner, Dovid Kamenetsky, and Reuvein Dowek, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2000), volume 33b, page 48a3.

The Gemara read the words of , "And they shall stumble one upon another," to mean that one will stumble through the sin of another. The Gemara concluded that all everyone is held responsible for each another.Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 27b, in, e.g., in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Sanhedrin: Volume 1, elucidated by Asher Dicker and Abba Zvi Naiman, edited by Hersh Goldwurm (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1993), volume 47, page 27b3.

Rav Judah read the words of , "And surely your blood of your lives will I require," to teach that even a single judge could try a non-Jew (under the seven Noahide laws, as "will I require" is stated in the singular).Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 57b, Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Michoel Weiner and Asher Dicker; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 48, page 57b1.

Guanidine can be thought of as a nitrogenous analogue of carbonic acid. That is, the C=O group in carbonic acid is replaced by a C=NH group, and each OH is replaced by a group. Isobutylene can be seen as the carbon analogue in much the same way. A detailed crystallographic analysis of guanidine was elucidated 148 years after its first synthesis, despite the simplicity of the molecule.

Elucidated by Asher Dicker, Joseph Elias, and Dovid Katz; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 49, page 98b3. The Gemara taught that if one who sees a choice vine in a dream may look forward to seeing the Messiah, since says, "Binding his foal to the vine and his donkey's colt to the choice vine," and was thought to refer to the Messiah.Babylonian Talmud Berakhot 57a. In, e.g.

Mishnah Sukkah 1:3, in, e.g., The Mishnah: A New Translation, translated by Jacob Neusner, page 280; Babylonian Talmud Sukkah 10a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Succah, Volume 1, elucidated by Asher Dicker and Avrohom Neuberger, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 15, page 10a. It is not valid to train a vine, gourd, or ivy to cover a sukkah and then cover it with sukkah covering (s'chach).

Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:1–5, in, e.g., The Mishnah: A New Translation, translated by Jacob Neusner, pages 602–04; Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 76b–81b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Michoel Weiner and Asher Dicker, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 48, page 76b2–81b3. The Mishnah taught that one who intended to kill an animal but killed a person instead was not liable for murder.

Elucidated by Michoel Weiner and Asher Dicker; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 48, pages 46b4–5. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1994. . Rav Ashi deduced from that as long as a person has the obligation to bury a body, it is as if the corpse lay before the person. says: "And Abraham rose up from before his dead," indicating that he departed from the presence of Sarah's body.

Since the 1960s, it is produced industrially by the fermentation of carbohydrates such as glucose or molasses using fungi such as Aspergillus itaconicus or Aspergillus terreus. For A. terreus the itaconate pathway is mostly elucidated. The generally accepted route for itaconate is via glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and a decarboxylation of cis- aconitate to itaconate via cis-aconitate-decarboxylase. The smut fungus Ustilago maydis uses an alternative route.

354 This discussion is included in Stages on Life's Way (1845). The first two sections revisit and refine the aesthetic and ethical stages elucidated in Either/Or, while the third section, Guilty/Not Guilty is about the religious stage and refers specifically to Goethe's other book, The Autobiography of Goethe: Truth and Poetry, from My Own Life vol 1, 2Kierkegaard, Søren. Stages on Life's Way, p. 148ff trans.

Rabbi David Einhorn elucidated a further notion, that of the Mission to bring ethical monotheism to all people, commenting that, "Exile was once perceived as a disaster, but it was progress. Israel approached its true destiny, with sanctity replacing blood sacrifice. It was to spread the Word of the Lord to the four corners of the earth." The last meeting, convened in Breslau (13–24 July 1846), was the most innocuous.

Since 2001, Bar-Hayim has been working along with Machon HaYerushalmi to publish a new and elucidated edition of the Jerusalem Talmud. In 2006, Bar-Hayim founded the Shilo Institute for the research, elucidation, and dissemination of the Torah of Israel. Bar-Hayim established the Beth HaWa'ad rabbinical court to focus on actualizing the Torah of Israel and serve as an address for Gentiles, particularly the growing Noahide community.

In the early 1870s, the Manifesto and its authors experienced a revival in fortunes. Hobsbawm identifies three reasons for this. The first is the leadership role Marx played in the International Workingmen's Association (aka the First International). Secondly, Marx also came into much prominence among socialists—and equal notoriety among the authorities—for his support of the Paris Commune of 1871, elucidated in The Civil War in France.

A connection between hormone levels, and ECM distribution in VF depending on age and gender could be made. More particularly a connection between higher hormone levels and higher HA content in males could exist in the human vocal fold tissue. Although a relationship between hormone levels and ECM biosynthesis in vocal fold can be established, the details of this relationship, and the mechanisms of the influence has not been elucidated yet.

Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Eliezer Herzka and Mendy Wachsman; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 63, page 92a1. Jacob Wrestling with the Angel (1876 painting by Léon Bonnat) Chapter 7 of Tractate Chullin in the Mishnah, Tosefta, and Babylonian Talmud interpreted the laws of the prohibition of the sinew of the hip (the sciatic nerve, gid ha-nasheh) in Mishnah Chullin 7:1–6.

Elucidated by Abba Zvi Naiman, Eliezer Herzka, Zev Meisels, Hillel Danziger, and Avrohom Neuberger; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 58, pages 28a2. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2002. The Mishnah taught that the absence of one of the four portions of scripture in the Tefillin — and 11–16 and and — invalidates the others, and indeed even one imperfect letter can invalidate the whole.Mishnah Menachot 3:7, in, e.g.

Rav Ashi read the repetitive language of , "And they shall have charge of My charge" — which referred especially to priests and Levites, whom repeatedly charged with warnings — to require safeguards to God's commandments.Babylonian Talmud Moed Katan 5a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Gedaliah Zlotowitz, Michoel Weiner, Noson Dovid Rabinowitch, and Yosef Widroff, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 21, page 5a. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1999.

Rabbi Mana asked Rabbi Haggai what happened to his thirst. Rabbi Haggai replied that when Rabbi Mana told him that he could drink, his thirst went away.Jerusalem Talmud Yoma 44a (6:4), in, e.g., Talmud Yerushalmi, elucidated by Avrohom Neuberger, David Azar, Chaim Ochs, Zev Dickstein, Michoel Weiner, Mordechai Smilowitz, Abba Zvi Naiman, edited by Chaim Malinowitz, Yisroel Simcha Schorr, and Mordechai Marcus, volume 21, pages 44a1–2.

Oxygenic photogranule formation is thus not driven by hydrodynamic shear and washout are not required for the formation of oxygenic photogranules, even though these factors may play an important role when applied. Filamentous, motile cyanobacteria play a key role, but exact mechanisms have to be elucidated to be able to control the formation and properties of oxygenic photogranules and apply them to bioengineering processes. Temporal progression of photogranulation under static conditions.

Furthermore, mass spectrometry may be used to determine if a protein has high expression levels that do not correlate to the enzyme's measured metabolic activity. These expression levels may signify that the protein is performing a different function than previously known. The structure of a protein can also help determine its functions. Protein structure in turn may be elucidated with various techniques including X-ray crystallography or NMR.

Babylonian Talmud Yoma 3a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Abba Zvi Naiman, Michoel Weiner, Yosef Widroff, Moshe Zev Einhorn, Israel Schneider, and Zev Meisels, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 13, page 3a1. A Midrash taught that required Aaron to bring “a bull calf for a sin-offering” to atone for the sin of the Golden Calf in .Exodus Rabbah 38:3, in, e.g.

Most, if not all, were introduced and elucidated by one of David Hobbs or Alain de Cadenet. For a few episodes, Alain de Cadenet provided narration in addition to introduction and elucidation. In at least one case, Death and Games, Le Mans 1963, this was because the film had been produced in German. In other cases, the film coverage of the topic was probably extracted from several archival sources.

Theorem 13.13 However, he further appreciated that such a systematic correspondence does, in fact, exist between the quantum commutator and a deformation of the Poisson bracket, today called the Moyal bracket, and, in general, quantum operators and classical observables and distributions in phase space. He thus finally elucidated the consistent correspondence mechanism, the Wigner–Weyl transform, that underlies an alternate equivalent mathematical representation of quantum mechanics known as deformation quantization.

It was isolated from soil in India and found to produce insecticidal compounds okaramins A, B, H, and two types of indol-alkaloids which have not been structure elucidated. The genome of A. indologenus was sequenced and published in 2014 as part of the Aspergillus whole-genome sequencing project – a project dedicated to performing whole-genome sequencing of all members of the genus Aspergillus. The genome assembly size was 38.59 Mbp.

The appropriate "average" of the individual phase properties to be used in describing composite tensile behavior can be elucidated with reference to Fig. 6.2. Although this figure illustrates a plate-like composite, the results that follow are equally applicable to fiber composites having similar phase arrangements. The two phase material of Fig. 6.2 consists of lamellae of \alpha and \beta phases of thickness l_\alpha and l_\beta.

John E. Dowling is an American neuroscientist and Gordon and Llura Gund Research Professor of Neurosciences at Harvard University. He is best known for his seminal work in vision science, having elucidated the biochemistry of rhodopsin and development of the vertebrate retina, as well as diseases that affect vision such as vitamin A deficiency and retinitis pigmentosa. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1976.

Further determination of the epoxide was done by opening the epoxide and analyzing it's spectroscopy data. The structure was further elucidated by NMR spectroscopy in CDCl3. The exocyclic methylene was present at 6.10 ppm with J=3 Hz. By using the physiochemical constants and comparing NMR spectra from other sesquitterpene lactones that were isolate, Adekenov et. al proposed the structure and the stereochemistry was confirmed using X-ray crystallography.

Arglabin belongs to the guaianolide subclass of sesquiterpene lactones which have a characteristic bicyclo[5.3.0]decane skeleton with a lactone inserted either at C-6 and C-7. A few biomimetic semisynthetic studies have described several sesquiterpene lactones as possible precursors to arglabin, such as parthenolide, micheliolide, and kauniolide. Although the detailed biosynthetic pathway of arglabin has yet to be elucidated, the biosynthetic pathway for guaianolides have been extensively studied.

A Baraita taught that the words of , "And you carry them away captive," were meant to include Canaanites who lived outside the land of Israel, teaching that if they repented, they would be accepted.Babylonian Talmud Sotah 35b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Sotah: Volume 2, elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, Moshe Zev Einhorn, Michoel Weiner, Dovid Kamenetsky, and Reuvein Dowek, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2000), volume 33b, pages 35b3–4. The Gemara taught that the procedure of applied only when the captive did not accept the commandments, for if she accepted the commandments, then she could be immersed in a ritual bath (, mikveh), and she and the soldier could marry immediately.Babylonian Talmud Yevamot 47b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Yevamos: Volume 2, elucidated by Zev Meisels, Feivel Wahl, Eliezer Herzka, Avrohom Neuberger, Asher Dicker, Mendy Wachsman, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1999), volume 24, page 47b4.

Mishnah Bava Metzia 7:1–8, in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, Mishnah, pages 546–48; Tosefta Bava Metzia 8:3, 6, 8–9, in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, Tosefta, volume 2, pages 1067–68; Jerusalem Talmud Bava Metzia 26a–27b, in, e.g., Talmud Yerushalmi: Tractate Bava Metzia, elucidated by Gershon Hoffman et al., volume 42, pages 26a3–27b3; Babylonian Talmud Bava Metzia 83a–93a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Bava Metzia: Volume 3, elucidated by Shlomo Fox-Ashrei, Nasanel Kasnett, Abba Zvi Naiman, Yosef Davis, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1994), volume 43, pages 83a4–93a4. The Mishnah taught that a worker could eat cucumbers or dates even to a denar’s worth. Rabbi Elazar ben Hisma said that a worker could not eat more than the value of the worker’s wages. But the Sages allowed a worker to do so, but advised that they teach the worker not to be so gluttonous as to close the door against the worker’s own future employment.

Previous research has elucidated the psychophysical and behavioural characteristics of olfactory adaptation. Adaptation allows for the olfactory system to appropriately respond to the appearance of novel scents or changes, yet it also maintains equilibrium with odorant concentrations in ambient environments. Like other sensory systems, prolonged exposure to an odorant often leads to a stimulus-specific decrease in olfactory sensitivity to that particular odor; however, the absence of further exposure will regain olfactory sensitivity.Dalton, P. (2000).

Suramin was first made by the chemists Oskar Dressel, Richard Kothe and Bernhard Heymann at Bayer AG laboratories in Elberfeld, after research on a series of urea-like compounds. The drug is still sold by Bayer under the brand name Germanin. The chemical structure of suramin was kept secret by Bayer for commercial and strategic reasons, however, it was elucidated and published in 1924 by Ernest Fourneau and his team of the Pasteur Institute.

A virus can enter a susceptible cell, but it cannot replicate. A virus can both enter and replicate in a permissive cell. The significance between the difference of the two has now been elucidated with study of the rabbit-lethal myxoma virus. Many species of rabbit cells in culture (without the presence of any antiviral defenses that would normally be in a host) can be infected by the myxoma virus, causing infection and cell death.

More recently, neurogenesis in the cerebellum of adult rabbits has also been characterized. Further, some authors (particularly Elizabeth Gould) have suggested that adult neurogenesis may also occur in regions within the brain not generally associated with neurogenesis including the neocortex. However, others have questioned the scientific evidence of these findings, arguing that the new cells may be of glial origin. Recent research has elucidated the regulatory effect of GABA on neural stem cells.

The Gemara read the definite article in the term "the homeborn" in to include women in the extension of the period of affliction to Yom Kippur eve.Babylonian Talmud Sukkah 28b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Succah, Volume 1, elucidated by Asher Dicker and Avrohom Neuberger, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 15, page 28b1. The Jerusalem Talmud taught that the evil impulse (, yetzer hara) craves only what is forbidden.

Susceptibility to disease varies between individuals and immunological mechanisms have been proposed to confer protection or susceptibility to the disease. These mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated but it seems that while antigen presenting cells are activated by S. mutans in vitro, they fail to respond in vivo. Immunological tolerance to S. mutans at the mucosal surface may make individuals more prone to colonisation with S. mutans and therefore increase susceptibility to dental caries.

The recently-elucidated archaeal flagellum, or archaellum, is analogous—but not homologous—to the bacterial one. In addition to no sequence similarity being detected between the genes of the two systems, the archaeal flagellum appears to grow at the base rather than the tip, and is about 15 nanometers (nm) in diameter rather than 20. Sequence comparison indicates that the archaeal flagellum is homologous to Type IV pili. (pili are filamentous structures outside the cell).

AChe mechanism of action AChE is a hydrolase that hydrolyzes choline esters. It has a very high catalytic activity—each molecule of AChE degrades about 25,000 molecules of acetylcholine (ACh) per second, approaching the limit allowed by diffusion of the substrate. The active site of AChE comprises 2 subsites—the anionic site and the esteratic subsite. The structure and mechanism of action of AChE have been elucidated from the crystal structure of the enzyme.

Henning Stahlberg studies biological membrane systems from the atomic structure of individual proteins to the cellular context of the system. Employing light and electron microscopy, x- ray crystallography, and electron tomography, he investigates the structure of ion channels and membrane transporters. Further, he develops computational algorithms for the 3D reconstruction of proteins. Using these methods, Stahlberg successfully elucidated among other things the 3D structure of the Type III Secretion System (T3SS) in intact bacteria.

Cereblon forms an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex with damaged DNA binding protein 1 (DDB1), Cullin-4A (CUL4A), and regulator of cullins 1 (ROC1). This complex ubiquitinates a number of other proteins. Through a mechanism which has not been completely elucidated, this ubiquitination results in reduced levels of fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) and fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10). FGF8 in turn regulates a number of developmental processes, such as limb and auditory vesicle formation.

In summary, YopR may play a role in the regulation of type III secretion. It is important to note, however, that the precise function of the YopR domain remains to be elucidated but YopR is thought to be involved in with YscF which develops needles. There are two different hypotheses for this. The first explanation is that YopR is possibly controlling the secretion of YscF, which impacts the assembly of type III machines.

Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Abba Zvi Naiman, Eliezer Herzka, Zev Meisels, Hillel Danziger, and Avrohom Neuberger; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 58, pages 29a3–4. A Seraph (illustration from a medieval manuscript) Rabbi Abin compared the instruction of to a handsome king who instructed a servant to fashion a bust exactly like him. The servant exclaimed that he could not possibly make a likeness exactly like the king.

In 2016, several papers were published detailing workarounds for ExM's traditional limitation of labeling probes. These changes proposed a way to use ExM with conventional microscopy probes, allowing it to be used more widely. In 2016, these new labeling methods were applied to allow fluorescence microscopy of RNA molecules. ExM is a rapidly growing field, and there is hope that many biological mysteries will be elucidated using ExM techniques within coming years.

The principal in vitro studies of cytotoxicity of 2D sheets of MXenes showed promise for applications in bioscience and biotechnology. Presented studies of anticancer activity of the Ti3C2 MXene was determined on two normal (MRC-5 and HaCaT) and two cancerous (A549 and A375) cell lines. The cytotoxicity results indicated that the observed toxic effects were higher against cancerous cells compared to normal ones. The mechanisms of potential toxicity were also elucidated.

However, it only appears to possess superantigen-capabilities in animals, and its relevance in human disease has yet to be elucidated. Streptokinase appears to be ubiquitous in S. dysgalactiae, enabling fibrinolysis and aiding in bacterial spreading through tissues. Recently, a capacity to form biofilm was reported, facilitating survival and proliferation in hostile environments. Although this potentially could have implications for the treatment of S. dysgalactiae- infections, its clinical significance has not yet been determined.

The Xist RNA directly binds to the inactive X-chromosome through a chromatin binding region of the RNA transcript. The Xist chromatin binding region was first elucidated in female mouse fibroblastic cells. The primary chromatin binding region was shown to localize to the C-repeat region. The chromatin-binding region was functionally mapped and evaluated by using an approach for studying noncoding RNA function in living cells called peptide nucleic acid (PNA) interference mapping.

In the field of bacteriology, Sasakawa’s work has shed light on many fundamental principles underlying the infectious process of highly pathogenic bacteria and the role of the host’s natural immune response in defending against infection. Utilizing model species such as Shigella and Helicobacter, he elucidated the pathogen-host interaction in a holistic manner that encompassed molecular biology, cellular biology, biochemistry and immunology, thereby significantly contributing to the creation of the discipline of “Infection Biology”.

DataSpii was discovered and elucidated by cybersecurity researcher Sam Jadali. By requesting data for a single domain via the NA service, Jadali was able to observe what staff members at thousands of companies were working on in near real-time. The NA website stated it collected data from millions of opt-in users. Jadali, along with journalists from Ars Technica and The Washington Post, interviewed impacted users, including individuals and major corporations.

The journal was the first magazine to publish the photograph of a Muslim woman. None of the staff nor writers were male; Mevlan excluded men because men excluded women from legal participation in society. In her articles, Mevlan elucidated clear goals including women' right to higher education, equal pay for women and admission of women to civil service posts, and reiterated the theme that improvement in women's lives would also improve men's lives.

Dmitri Nusinow is an American chronobiologist who studies plant circadian rhythms. He was born on November 7, 1976 in Inglewood, California. He currently resides in St. Louis, and his research focus includes a combination of molecular, biochemical, genetic, genomic, and proteomic tools to discover the molecular connections between signaling networks, circadian oscillators, and specific outputs. By combining these methods, he hopes to apply the knowledge elucidated from the Arabidopsis model to other plant species.

The Mishnah interpreted to teach that a son and a daughter have equal inheritance rights, except that a firstborn son takes a double portion in his father's estate but does not take a double portion in his mother's estate.Mishnah Bava Batra 8:4, in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, Mishnah, page 574; Babylonian Talmud Bava Batra 122b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Bava Basra: Volume 3, elucidated by Yosef Asher Weiss, volume 46, page 122b1.

Chapter 8 of tractate Sanhedrin in the Mishnah and Babylonian Talmud interpreted the laws of the wayward and rebellious son (, ben sorer umoreh) in .Mishnah Sanhedrin 8:1–7, in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, Mishnah, pages 599–602; Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 68b–75a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Sanhedrin: Volume 2, elucidated by Michoel Weiner and Asher Dicker, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1994), volume 48, pages 68b1–75a2.

Interpreting the words "until you have enough" in , the Gemara in the Babylonian Talmud taught that a worker was not to eat excessively. Interpreting the words "but you shall not put any in your vessel", the Gemara taught that the worker was not to put any in a vessel to take home.Babylonian Talmud Bava Metzia 87b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Bava Metzia: Volume 3, elucidated by Shlomo Fox-Ashrei et al.

In 1991, the association of most cases with the tip of chromosome 4 was established, which was discovered to be due to D4Z4 contraction in 1993. DUX4 was discovered in 1999, but it wasn't until 2010 that the genetic mechanism causing its expression was elucidated. In 2012, the predominant mutation of FSHD2 was discovered. In 2014, researchers published the first proposed pathophysiology definition of the disease and four viable therapeutic targets for possible intervention points.

Nutrient dependent autophagy is only fully inhibited if both ULK1 and ULK2 are knocked out. ULK1 has many downstream phosphorylation targets to aid in this induction of the isolation membrane/ autophagosome. Recently, a mechanism for autophagy has been elucidated. Models have proposed that the active ULK1 directly phosphorylates Beclin-1 at Ser 14 and activates the pro-autophagy class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI(3)K), VPS34 complex, to promote autophagy induction and maturation.

Ticien Marie Sassoubre has examined the novel in the context of the social issues related to lynching in the American South, and then-recent American federal law with respect to black Americans. D. Hutchinson has elucidated the unifying literary devices of the novel. Peter J. Rabinowitz has specifically looked at Faulkner's treatment of the form of the detective story, in the context of the genre of the "discovery novel," in Intruder in the Dust.

Hence, the unique shared presence of large numbers of proteins by all methanogens could be due to lateral gene transfers. Additionally, more recent novel proteins associated with sulfide trafficking have been linked to methanogen archaea. More proteomic analysis is needed to further differentiate specific genera within the methanogen class and reveal novel pathways for methanogenic metabolism. Modern DNA or RNA sequencing approaches has elucidated several genomic markers specific to several groups of methanogens.

For example, Aspidogaster conchicola infects many species of freshwater bivalves belonging to several families, as well as freshwater snails, many species of freshwater fishes of several families, and freshwater tortoises. Life cycles have been elucidated for a number of species. Lobatostoma manteri is an example of a species which has obligate vertebrate hosts. Adult worms live in the small intestine of the snubnosed dart, Trachinotus blochi (Teleostei, Carangidae), on the Great Barrier Reef.

During this time, his team dedicated itself to the study of glycoproteins; Leloir and his colleagues elucidated the primary mechanisms of galactose metabolism (now coined the Leloir pathwayHolton JB, Walter JH, and Tyfield LA. "Galactosemia" in The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease, 8th edition, 2001. Scriver, Beaudet, et al., McGraw-Hill, vol I, chapter 72, p.1553-1587.) and determined the cause of galactosemia, a serious genetic disorder that resulted in lactose intolerance.

Quassin is a white bitter, crystalline substance that is the prototypical example of the family of quassinoids. It can be extracted from the quassia tree, from which it gets its name. It was first isolated in 1937 and its chemical structure was elucidated in 1961. It is one of the most bitter substances found in nature, with a bitter threshold of 0.08 ppm and it is 50 times more bitter than quinine.

The current knowledge of the neural pathways responsible for the perception of the heartbeat is not clearly elucidated. It has been hypothesized that these pathways include different structures located both at the intra-cardiac and extra-cardiac level. Palpitations are a widely diffused complaint and particularly in subjects affected by structural heart disease. The list of etiologies of palpitations is long, and in some cases, the etiology is unable to be determined.

Ronald's second wife is charming though snobbish and deeply eccentric. As the play advances more and more of her eccentricities are attributed to alcoholism, climaxing in her thoroughly drunk presence in the third act. Her main role in the play is to reflect and magnify the position of the taciturn Ronald, making his path from polite disdain of Sidney to impoverished failure more clearly elucidated than Ronald's naturally reserved personality would allow.

While the biosynthesis of camalexin in planta has not been fully elucidated, most of the enzymes involved in the pathway are known and involved in a metabolon complex. The pathway starts with a tryptophan precursor which is subsequently oxidized by two cytochrome P450 enzymes. The indole-3-acetaldoxime is then converted to indole-3-acetonitrile by another cytochrome P450, CYP71A13. A glutathione conjugate followed by a subsequent unknown enzyme is needed to form dihydrocamalexic acid.

According to Grice, what a speaker means by an utterance can be divided into what the speaker "says" and what the speaker thereby "implicates".Neale 1992, pp.523–524. Grice makes it clear that the notion of saying he has in mind, though related to a colloquial sense of the word, is somewhat technical, referring to it as "a favored notion of 'saying' that must be further elucidated".Grice 1989, p.86.

Raney nickel experiments confirmed the presence of sulfur in the tryptophan ring. The researchers found the desulfurized phalloidin was still circular, which demonstrated that the structure of phalloidin is normally bicyclic. Once linearized, the amino acid sequence of de-sulfurized phalloidin was elucidated through Edman degradation by Wieland and Schön in 1955. Due to its high affinity for actin, scientists discovered its potential use as a staining reagent for effective visualization of actin in microscopy.

Neonothopanus nambi is a poisonous and bioluminescent mushroom in the family Marasmiaceae. The genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying this species' bioluminescence were published in 2019, the first to be elucidated for a fungus. In 2020, genes from this fungus were used to create bioluminescent tobacco plants. Italian-Argentinian naturalist Carlo Luigi Spegazzini described the species in 1883 as Agaricus nambí in the subgenus Pleurotus, from material collected in December 1879 near Guarapí in Brazil.

The Mishnah reported that they admonished witnesses in capital cases not to testify based on conjecture (that is, circumstantial evidence) or hearsay, for the court would scrutinize the witnesses' evidence by cross-examination and inquiry.Mishnah Sanhedrin 4:5, in, e.g., The Mishnah: A New Translation, translated by Jacob Neusner, page 591; Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 37a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Asher Dicker and Abba Zvi Naiman, edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 47, page 37a3.

The command given to Abraham to cut in pieces three heifers as a part of the covenant established between him and his God, is thus elucidated, "And he said unto him, take unto me three heifers" (Genesis xv. 9 [A. V. "a heifer of three years old"]). This symbolizes Babylonia, which gave rise to three kings, Nebuchadnezzar, Evil-merodach, and Belshazzar, whose doom is prefigured by this act of "cutting to pieces" (Genesis Rabba xliv.).

PLD-type activity was first reported in 1947 by Donald J. Hanahan and I.L. Chaikoff. It was not until 1975, however, that the hydrolytic mechanism of action was elucidated in mammalian cells. Plant isoforms of PLD were first purified from cabbage and castor bean; PLDα was ultimately cloned and characterized from a variety of plants, including rice, corn, and tomato. Plant PLDs have been cloned in three isoforms: PLDα, PLDβ, and PLDγ.

The precise mechanism leading to the appearance of clusters is not completely elucidated and is a current field of research for many systems. A few different mechanisms have been proposed, which could be at play in different experimental setups. Self-propelled particles can accumulate in a region of space where they move with a decreased velocity. After accumulation, in regions of high particle density, the particles move more slowly because of steric hindrance.

And the Jerusalem Talmud taught that the "former prophets" referred to Samuel and David, and thus the Urim and Thummim did not function in the period of the First Temple, either.Jerusalem Talmud Sotah 24b (Tiberias, Land of Israel, circa 400 CE), in, e.g., Talmud Yerushalmi, elucidated by Avrohom Neuberger, Yehuda Jaffa, Mendy Wachsman, Shlomo Silberman, Mordechai Stareshefsky, Gershon Hoffman, edited by Chaim Malinowitz and Yisroel Simcha Schorr (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2017), volume 36, page 24b.

Ronald Fisher developed the required mathematical language and wrote The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection (1930). J. B. S. Haldane introduced the concept of the "cost" of natural selection. Sewall Wright elucidated the nature of selection and adaptation. In his book Genetics and the Origin of Species (1937), Theodosius Dobzhansky established the idea that mutation, once seen as a rival to selection, actually supplied the raw material for natural selection by creating genetic diversity.

There are few studies investigating specific histone marks in AD. These studies have elucidated a decrease in acetylation of lysines 18 and 23 on N-terminal tails of histone 3 (H3K18 and H3K23, respectively) and increases in HDAC2 in AD brains \- both marks related to transcriptional repression. Age-related cognitive decline has been associated with deregulation of H4K12 acetylation, a cognitive effect that was restored in mice by induction of this mark.

207 The Craiovești–Leurdeanu alliance soon gave way to violent rivalry, in circumstances that are not entirely elucidated. According to chronicler Georgius Krauss, jealous boyars suggested to Matei that Istratie was plotting to have him killed.Stoicescu, p. 207 A document dated to 1652 clarifies that Stroe was sacked upon revelations of embezzlement; a 1654 writ left by Constantin Șerban claims that Stroe narrowly escaped decapitation, though he was innocent of the charges.

Rabbi Jacob bar Aha said in the name of Rav Assi that this demonstrated that were it not for the , Ma'amadot, groups of lay Israelites who participated in worship as representatives of the public, then heaven and earth could not endure.Babylonian Talmud Taanit 27b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Mordechai Kuber and Michoel Weiner; edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 19, page 27b1. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1991; see also Babylonian Talmud Megillah 31b.

Rav Joseph taught that Babylon and the neighboring city of Borsif were both evil omens for the Torah, because one soon forgets one's learning there. Rabbi Assi said that the name "Borsif" means "an empty pit" (bor shafi), for it empties one of knowledge.Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 109a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Asher Dicker, Joseph Elias, and Dovid Katz; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 49, page 109a1–3.

Aromatase and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase are aberrantly expressed in fibroids, indicating that fibroids can convert circulating androstenedione into estradiol. Similar mechanism of action has been elucidated in endometriosis and other endometrial diseases. Aromatase inhibitors are currently considered for treatment, at certain doses they would completely inhibit estrogen production in the fibroid while not largely affecting ovarian production of estrogen (and thus systemic levels of it). Aromatase overexpression is particularly pronounced in African-American women.

450-464 and thus discovered many genes whose function they elucidated. They also discovered in 2000 that plant genomes had undergone global duplication cycles during the evolution of cycles and thus contributed to the current conception of genome evolution.J. Salse et al., « Identification and characterization of shared duplications between rice and wheat provide new insight into grass genome evolution », Plant Cell, (2008), 20, p. 11-24 They also characterized the first cassava cDNAsC.

Studies have elucidated different roles for LRP1 in cellular processes relevant for cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of cardiovascular disease such as stroke and heart attacks. In the liver LRP1 is important for the removal of atherogenic lipoproteins (Chylomicron remnants, VLDL) and other proatherogenic ligands from the circulation. LRP1 has a cholesterol-independent role in atherosclerosis by modulating the activity and cellular localization of the PDGFR-β in vascular smooth muscle cells.

J. McRee Elrod Elrod was ordained in the Methodist Church before going to Korea,He was ordained in the Methodist Church on January 14, 1955. although he did not serve as a minister there. Raised in the Methodist church, Elrod's religious views evolved, particularly when he studied the works of Adolf von Harnack while a student at Scarritt College. Harnack's scholarship elucidated the difference between the historical Jesus and his sayings and Pauline Christianity.

The Mishnah taught that if one made the sukkah for the purpose of the festival, even at the beginning of the year, it is valid.Mishnah Sukkah 1:1, in, e.g., The Mishnah: A New Translation, translated by Jacob Neusner, page 279; Babylonian Talmud Sukkah 9a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Succah, Volume 1, elucidated by Asher Dicker and Avrohom Neuberger, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 15, page 9a.

The mechanism by which cats purr is an object of speculation, with different theories proposed. An early theory was that purring is a hemodynamic process where sound is produced as the blood runs through the thorax. There is a unique “neural oscillator” in the cat's brain of uncertain significance. Although the mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated, recent studies have inferred it could be the result of oscillatory mechanisms in the central nervous system.

Babylonian Talmud Yoma 67b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, Zev Meisels, Abba Zvi Naiman, Dovid Kamenetsky, and Mendy Wachsman, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1998), volume 14, page 67b. The Sifra reported the same discussion, and added eating pork (prohibited by and ) and purification of a person affected by skin disease (, metzora, regulated in ).Sifra, Aharei Mot, pereq 13, ¶ 194:2:11, in, e.g.

While the mechanism of disease has yet to be fully elucidated, the leading hypothesis is that the process is begun with an autoimmune process of unknown cause that triggers production of p-ANCA. These antibodies will circulate at low levels until a pro-inflammatory trigger — such as infection, malignancy, or drug therapy. The trigger upregulates production of p-ANCA. Then, the large number of antibodies make it more likely that they will bind a neutrophil.

Elucidated by Gedaliah Zlotowitz; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 1, page 18a1. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1997. . Similarly, Rabbi Johanan taught that we learn from the words, "And Abraham rose up from before his dead and spoke," in that one whose dead lies before him is exempt from reciting the Shema (as the verse implies that until Sarah's burial, Abraham did nothing but make arrangements for it).Genesis Rabbah 58:6.

The underlying cellular mechanism that causes chronic granulomatous disease was discovered in 1967, and research since that time has further elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease. Bernard Babior made key contributions in linking the defect of superoxide production of white blood cells, to the cause of the disease. In 1986, the X-linked form of CGD was the first disease for which positional cloning was used to identify the underlying genetic mutation.

Although the mechanism of methylation of arsenic in humans has not been elucidated, the source of methyl is methionine, which suggests a role of S-adenosyl methionine. Exposure to toxic doses begin when the liver's methylation capacity is exceeded or inhibited. There are two major forms of arsenic that can enter the body, arsenic (III) and arsenic (V). Arsenic (III) enters the cells though aquaporins 7 and 9, which is a type of aquaglyceroporin.

DHT was first synthesized by Adolf Butenandt and his colleagues in 1935. It was prepared via hydrogenation of testosterone, which had been discovered earlier that year. DHT was introduced for medical use as an AAS in 1953, and was noted to be more potent than testosterone but with reduced androgenicity. It was not elucidated to be an endogenous substance until 1956, when it was shown to be formed from testosterone in rat liver homogenates.

Neuroethology can help create advancements in technology through an advanced understanding of animal behavior. Model systems were generalized from the study of simple and related animals to humans. For example, the neuronal cortical space map discovered in bats, a specialized champion of hearing and navigating, elucidated the concept of a computational space map. In addition, the discovery of the space map in the barn owl led to the first neuronal example of the Jeffress model.

The Gemara reported a challenge that perhaps Esau inherited because he was an apostate Jew. Rav Hiyya bar Abin thus argued that the words, "I have given Ar to the children of Lot as a heritage," in establish gentiles' right to inherit.Babylonian Talmud Kiddushin 18a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Kiddushin: Volume 1, elucidated by David Fohrman, Dovid Kamenetsky, and Hersh Goldwurm, edited by Hersh Goldwurm (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1992), volume 36, page 18a.

Babylonian Talmud Bekhorot 33b–34a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Noson Boruch Herzka, Michoel Weiner, Henoch Moshe Levin, Mendy Wachsman, Asher Septimus, and Eliezer Herzka, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 66, pages 33b–34a. Ben Zoma interpreted the words "neither shall you do this in your land" in to forbid castrating even a dog (an animal that one could never offer as a sacrifice).Babylonian Talmud Chagigah 14b.

The Gemara asked how Jeremiah and Daniel could alter words established by Moses. Rabbi Eleazar said that since Jeremiah and Daniel knew that God insists on truth, they did not want to ascribe false attributions to God.Babylonian Talmud Yoma 69b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, Zev Meisels, Abba Zvi Naiman, Dovid Kamenetsky, and Mendy Wachsman, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1998), volume 14, page 69b.

Already at the time of the Mishnah, constituted the second part of a standard Shema prayer that the priests recited daily, following and preceding .Mishnah Tamid 5:1, in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, Mishnah, page 869; Babylonian Talmud Tamid 32b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Avrohom Neuberger, Nasanel Kasnett, Abba Zvi Naiman, Henoch Moshe Levin, Eliezer Lachman, and Ari Lobel, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2004), volume 70, page 32b.

And that mentions rain immediately thereafter indicates that it is appropriate to pray for rain.Babylonian Talmud Taanit 2a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Taanis, elucidated by Mordechai Kuber and Michoel Weiner, edited by Hersh Goldwurm (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1991), volume 19, page 2a. The Mishnah taught that the absence of one of the two portions of scripture in the mezuzah — and — invalidates the other, and indeed even one imperfect letter can invalidates the whole.

Alternatively, Rabbi Judah and Rabbi Simeon argued that Phinehas was then alive and not restricted by the law of mourning.Babylonian Talmud Zevachim 101a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Israel Schneider, Yosef Widroff, Mendy Wachsman, Dovid Katz, Zev Meisels, and Feivel Wahl, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 57, page 101a. According to Rabbi Nehemiah, this is how the exchange went: Moses asked Aaron why he had not eaten the sacrifice.

Epipedobates tricolor on a leaf The structure of epibatidine was elucidated in 1992, an effort hindered by E. anthonyi gaining IUCN protected status in 1984. Furthermore, these frogs do not produce the toxin when bred and reared in captivity, because they do not synthesize epibatidine themselves. Like other poison dart frogs, they instead obtain it through their diet and then sequester it on their skin. Likely dietary sources are beetles, ants, mites, and flies.

The Gemara deduced from the words "between a man and his wife, between a father and his daughter" in that in addition to vows of self-denial, a husband could also annul vows that affected the relationship between husband and wife.Babylonian Talmud Nedarim 79b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, Asher Dicker, Nasanel Kasnett, Reuvein Dowek, Mendy Wachsman, and Feivel Wahl, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 30, page 79b.

It has been hypothesized that the mutation causes a change in the Xist transcript or in the levels of transcript produced, which causes the cell to differentiate between the two X chromosomes and causes the chromosome with the mutation to become preferentially inactivated. The mechanism has not been fully elucidated at this time, although research does point towards decreased promoter activity as a result of the mutation being a major part of the process.

Batagur is a genus of large turtles from South and Southeast Asia. All members of the genus are seriously threatened. With a recent merger with members from two other genera,Praschag, Peter; Hundsdörfer, Anna K.; and Fritz, Uwe (2007); Phylogeny and taxonomy of endangered South and South-east Asian freshwater turtles elucidated by mtDNA sequence variation (Testudines: Geoemydidae: Batagur, Callagur, Hardella, Kachuga, Pangshura); Zoologica Scripta, 36, 429-442 this genus has six described species.

Murdoch's work in biological control has been instrumental in demonstrating that stability of parasitoid-host interactions in pest control can be achieved by non-equilibrium mechanisms. For example, his examination of the parasitoid- host relationship between Aphytis and the California red scale has elucidated that stability does not arise from metapopulation dynamics and that the regulating mechanism may, instead, lie in size-related interactions, in small- scale spatial heterogeneity, or mixtures of these mechanisms.

Transmembrane protein 131-like(TMEM131L protein), alternatively named uncharacterized protein KIAA0922 (KIAA0922 protein), is an integral transmembrane protein encoded by the human gene KIAA0922 that is significantly conserved in eukaryotes, at least through protists. Although the function of this gene is not yet fully elucidated, initial microarray evidence suggests that it may be involved in immune responses. Furthermore, its paralog, prolyl endopeptidase (PREP) whose function is known, provides clues as to the function of TMEM131L.

Rabbi Isaac taught that uses the word "soul" (, nefesh) because God noted that the one who usually brought a meal-offering was a poor man, and God accounted it as if the poor man had offered his own soul.Babylonian Talmud Menachot 104b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Yosef Davis, Eliezer Herzka, Abba Zvi Naiman, Zev Meisels, Noson Boruch Herzka, and Avrohom Neuberger, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 60, page 104b2.

The exact pathogenesis is not fully elucidated. The hallmark feature is the formation of polyclonal IgG autoantibody against the P antigen, which is a polysaccharide surface antigen on red cells in most humans. As a weak, biphasic antibody, it absorbs to the P antigen in the cold temperature as in the periphery in the primary phase, and fixes complement on recirculation to the core temperature in the secondary phase, resulting in intravascular hemolysis.

Babylonian Talmud Arakhin 11b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Mendy Wachsman, Feivel Wahl, Yosef Davis, Henoch Moshe Levin, Israel Schneider, Yeshayahu Levy, Eliezer Herzka, Dovid Nachfolger, Eliezer Lachman, and Zev Meisels; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 67, page 11b. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2004. Hillel (sculpture at the Knesset Menorah, Jerusalem) A non-Jew asked Shammai to convert him to Judaism, on condition that Shammai appoint him High Priest.

X inactivation is an important model for understanding how epigenetic mechanisms, for example modification of DNA and histone proteins around which DNA is packaged, contribute to gene regulation in developmental biology. In earlier work Brockdorff demonstrated that an unusual functional RNA molecule, XIST, controls the X inactivation process. Building on this finding he has elucidated key steps in XIST gene regulation during early development, and has defined major pathways through which XIST RNA induces chromosome wide gene silencing.

Some marine fungi which have ventured into the sea from terrestrial habitats include species that burrow into sand grains, living in the pores. Others live inside stony corals, and may become pathogenic if the coral is stressed by rising sea temperatures. In 2011 the phylogeny of marine fungi was elucidated by analysis of their small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. Thirty six new marine lineages were found, the majority of which were chytrids but also some filamentous and multicellular fungi.

Rabbi Jacob said in Rabbi Johanan's name that the minimum number of people for an act to be considered public is ten. And the Gemara taught that ten Jews are required for the event to be public, for says, "I will be hallowed among the children of Israel."Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 74a–b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Michoel Weiner and Asher Dicker, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 48, page 74a3–b1.

Work by Arredondo-Peter, Vinogradov and collaborators has elucidated the major events that could have occurred during the evolution of Phytogbs.Vázquez-Limón C., Hoogewijs D., Vinogradov S. N.,Arredondo-Peter R., The evolution of land plant hemoglobins, Plant Sci., 191-192 (2012) 71-81.Vinogradov S. N., Fernández I., Hoogewijs D.,Arredondo-Peter R., Phylogenetic relationships of 3/3 and 2/2 hemoglobins in Archaeplastida genomes to bacterial and other eukaryote hemoglobins, Mol. Plant, 4 (2011) 42-58.

Padmanabha Tirtha (died 1324) was a Dvaita scholar and the disciple of Madhvacharya. Ascending the pontifical seat after Madhva, he served as the primary commentator of his works and in doing so, significantly elucidated Madhva's terse and laconic style of writing. His pioneering efforts in expanding upon the Dvaita texts to uncover the underlying metaphysical intricacies was taken forward by the 14th Century philosopher, Jayatirtha. Padmanabha is also credited with disseminating the philosophy of Dvaita outside the Tulunadu.

Elucidated by Yosef Davis, Eliezer Herzka, Abba Zvi Naiman, Zev Meisels, Noson Boruch Herzka, and Avrohom Neuberger; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 60, pages 86a1–3. The Golden Lamp-Bearer (illustration from the 1890 Holman Bible) The Mishnah taught that there was a stone in front of the Menorah with three steps on which the priest stood to trim the lights. The priest left the oil jar on the second step.Mishnah Tamid 3:9.

By identifying screening hits that modulate the activity of the less well characterized members of the target family, the function of these novel targets can be elucidated. Furthermore, the hits for these targets can be used as a starting point for drug discovery. The completion of the human genome project has provided an abundance of potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Chemogenomics strives to study the intersection of all possible drugs on all of these potential targets.

The Enterobacteria rnk leader is a putative attenuator element identified by bioinformatics within bacteria of the γ-proteobacterial Enterobacteriales order. It is located upstream of the rnk gene, encoding a nucleoside diphosphate kinase regulator, and presents a Rho-independent terminator at the 3' end. This RNA is presumed to operate as a non-coding leader, which regulatory mechanism remains to be elucidated. The motif might be related to other rnk-and greA-leaders, such as Pseudomonas rnk leader.

In collaboration with Charles Enrique Dent and William Warren, Harris focused on cystinuria. Using 2D paper chromatography and polarimetry, state-of-the-art technology at that time, they elucidated the genetics of the disease and other amino-acidurias diseases. This work and others was included in his first book, An Introduction to Human Biochemical Genetics (1953). At the same time he was promoted to the position of senior lecturer and became a reader in Biochemical Genetics in 1958.

Four months after his 25th birthday, whilst living in Teheran, he reportedly died there after a few days illness. The cause and circumstances of his death have not been adequately elucidated and Iranian authorities did not release his remains for repatriation and burial in Nigeria until May 2006. The duo of Daniel Olerum and Sunny Okoye disclosed from the Iranian capital, Tehran that officials of Sorkh Poushan FC have agreed to foot the flight bills of the late footballer.

Although it is known that the biosynthesis of polyamines is highly regulated, the biological function of polyamines is only partly elucidated. In their cationic ammonium form, they bind to DNA, and, in structure, they represent compounds with cations that are found at regularly spaced intervals (in contrast to or , which are point charges). They have also been found to act as promoters of programmed ribosomal frameshifting during translation. Inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis, retards or stops cell growth.

Yampolsky’s translations included the Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch (1967) and The Zen Master Hakuin: Selected Writings (1971), both published by Columbia University Press. Yampolsky's last books before his death, Selected Writings of Nichiren and Letters of Nichiren, translated and elucidated the writings of the 13th century Buddhist intellectual and reformer whose thoughts inspired religious and political movements that remain active in Japan to this day. These books were published by Columbia University Press in 1990 and 1996.

Shulgin reported that 160 mg of MDPR strongly enhanced the effects of a small (60 μg) dose of LSD, and that similar enhancement of hallucinogenic effect was noted when mixing MDPR with other drugs such as psilocybin, mescaline, 2C-B, and 2C-T-7. The reason for this synergistic action of MDPR has not been elucidated. Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of MDPR other than what is written in PiHKAL.

Hermann Staudinger (23 March 1881 – 8 September 1965) was a German organic chemist who demonstrated the existence of macromolecules, which he characterized as polymers. For this work he received the 1953 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He is also known for his discovery of ketenes and of the Staudinger reaction. Staudinger, together with Leopold Ružička, also elucidated the molecular structures of pyrethrin I and II in the 1920s, enabling the development of pyrethroid insecticides in the 1960s and 1970s.

The letter further stated, among other points, that the putative riboswitch lacks additional conserved features beyond those previously established for attI, that the riboswitch/attI are also associated with genes that confer resistance to antibiotics unrelated to aminoglycosides (or encode other unrelated proteins), and the letter proposed that the results of the original paper could be explained by a previously elucidated mechanism involving the ORF. The authors of the original paper published a response to this letter.

Pando Zayas specializes in string theory with a focus on quantum gravity. He has published many articles on the gauge/gravity correspondence and has applied these techniques to the study of the dynamics of superconductors and strongly interacting fluids. His work has also elucidated the microscopic origin of the thermodynamics of black holes. Pando Zayas translated a two- volume textbook on applications and methods in modern geometry, by B.A. Dubrovin, A.T. Fomenko, and S.P. Nóvikov, from Russian into Spanish.

The term cryostasis was introduced to name the reversible preservation technology for live biological objects which is based on using clathrate- forming gaseous substances under increased hydrostatic pressure and hypothermic temperatures. Living tissues cooled below the freezing point of water are damaged by the dehydration of the cells as ice is formed between the cells. The mechanism of freezing damage in living biological tissues has been elucidated by Renfret.Renfret (1968) (Renfret A.P. Cryobiology: some fundamentals in surgical context.

The pathway of HDR has not been totally elucidated yet (March 2008). However, a number of experimental results point to the validity of certain models. It is generally accepted that histone H2AX (noted as γH2AX) is phosphorylated within seconds after damage occurs. H2AX is phosphorylated throughout the area surrounding the damage, not only precisely at the break. Therefore, it has been suggested that γH2AX functions as an adhesive component for attracting proteins to the damaged location.

Soward is known for his work on magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and especially dynamo theory, and also for his contributions to linear and nonlinear stability theory. He used asymptotic analysis to solve a number of outstanding problems in applied mathematics. By a new pseudo-Lagrangian technique for studying lightly damped fluid systems, he elucidated previously inexplicable features of Braginskii's geodynamo. Soward has provided explicit examples of steady fast dynamo action, thus disproving a conjecture that such dynamos did not exist.

Abraham then asked God what Israel would do when the Temple would no longer exist. God replied that whenever Jews read the Biblical text dealing with sacrifices, God would reckon it as if they were bringing an offering, and forgive all their iniquities.Babylonian Talmud Megillah 31b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Gedaliah Zlotowitz and Hersh Goldwurm, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1991), volume 20, page 31b1–2; see also Babylonian Talmud Taanit 27b, in, e.g.

The Mishnah taught that because the peace-offering was a sacrifice of lesser sanctity, it could be slain in any part of the Temple court.Mishnah Zevachim 5:7, in, e.g., The Mishnah: A New Translation, translated by Jacob Neusner, page 708; Babylonian Talmud Zevachim 55a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Moshe Einhorn, Henoch Moshe Levin, Michoel Weiner, Shlomo Fox-Ashrei, and Abba Zvi Naiman, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 56, page 55a2.

Echopraxia is a typical symptom of Tourette syndrome but causes are not well elucidated. Frontal lobe animation One theoretical cause subject to ongoing debate surrounds the role of the mirror neuron system (MNS), a group of neurons in the inferior frontal gyrus (F5 region) of the brain that may influence imitative behaviors, but no widely accepted neural or computational models have been put forward to describe how mirror neuron activity supports cognitive functions such as imitation.

On March 12, 1936, three years after the first attempt, he produced a snow crystal on the tip of a single hair of rabbit fur in his laboratory apparatus. In December 1937, he took photographs of many types of artificial snow crystals in his lab. These photographs were influenced by Wilson Bentley's 1931 book Snow Crystals, which he admired greatly. Nakaya continued his research into snow crystals and elucidated how their various patterns are produced in nature.

Marshall NirenbergThe Nirenberg and Leder experiment was a scientific experiment performed in 1964 by Marshall W. Nirenberg and Philip Leder. The experiment elucidated the triplet nature of the genetic code and allowed the remaining ambiguous codons in the genetic code to be deciphered. In this experiment, using a ribosome binding assay called the triplet binding assay, various combinations of mRNA were passed through a filter which contained ribosomes. Unique triplets promoted the binding of specific tRNAs to the ribosome.

Although the evolution of this genus has been studied by a number of authors, details are still being elucidated. A brief summary of the pattern that has emerged is as follows: The most basal split in the genus is between the reptile/bird species and the mammalian species. The bird/reptile clade appears to be related to the genera Haemoproteus, Leukocytozoon and Polychromophilus. The genus Hepatocystis appears to have evolved from with the mammalian species clade.

M Kotaki, A Kurabayashi, M Matsui, W Khonsue, TH Djong, M Tandon, M Sumida (2008) Genetic Divergences and Phylogenetic Relationships Among the Fejervarya limnocharis Complex in Thailand and Neighboring Countries Revealed by Mitochondrial and Nuclear Genes. Zoolog Sci 25: 381-90.Mohammed Mafizul Islam, Md Mukhlesur Rahman Khan, Djong Hon Tjong, Mohammad Shafiqul Alam, Masayuki Sumida (2008) Genetic Differentiation of the Fejervarya limnocharis Complex from Bangladesh and Other Asian Countries Elucidated by Allozyme Analyses. Zoolog Sci.

Biopsychiatric research has produced reproducible abnormalities of brain structure and function, and a strong genetic component for a number of psychiatric disorders (although the latter has never been shown to be causative, merely correlative). It has also elucidated some of the mechanisms of action of medications that are effective in treating some of these disorders. Still, by their own admission, this research has not progressed to the stage that they can identify clear biomarkers of these disorders.

Christian violence towards Jews was rife, as were ritual murder accusations, expulsions, and extortion. However, recently historians have begun to show evidence of other relationships between Jews and Christians, suggesting Jews were more embedded into Christian society than was previously thought. Jonathan Elukin is one historian who thinks in this vein, as elucidated in his book Living Together, Living Apart. He shows that during the Crusades, some Jews were hidden and protected from being attacked by Christians.

Staurosporine (antibiotic AM-2282 or STS) is a natural product originally isolated in 1977 from the bacterium Streptomyces staurosporeus. It was the first of over 50 alkaloids to be isolated with this type of bis-indole chemical structure. The chemical structure of staurosporine was elucidated by X-ray analysis of a single crystal and the absolute stereochemical configuration by the same method in 1994. Staurosporine was discovered to have biological activities ranging from anti-fungal to anti-hypertensive.

This fear grants him the voluntary or involuntary support of others, enabling the President to exercise his mandates.Dorfman, 8 Dorfman asserts that the President's use of fear elevates his mandates to legends. These legends are then able to "impose itself upon reality because men live it fully in a way to make sense of their humanity". One example of this theme, elucidated by Eckart, is a series of scenes leading to the arrest of the lawyer Carvajal.

Cardinal Casanate had been named Bibliotecario di Santa Romana Chiesa (Librarian of the Vatican) and had directed various congregations for the Pope, including the Offices of the Inquisition. Henry Noris was made assistant Librarian in the Vatican by Pope Innocent XII. In 1700, on the death of Cardinal Casanate, Noris was given full charge of the Vatican Library. Both fostered the work of Zaccagni, which would have been previously considered suspect because it elucidated works discussing heresy.

On the completion of the Berlin Museum of Antiquities came his opportunity. Upon the walls he painted classic sites and temples, and elucidated the collections by the landscape scenery with which they were historically associated. Schirmer's goal was to make his art the poetic interpretation of nature and he deemed technique secondary to conception. His pictures appeal to the mind by the ideas they embody, by beauty of form, harmony of line, significance of light and color.

", Mol Cell Biol, 2018 # Salamango DJ, McCann JL, Demir Ö, Brown WL, Amaro RE, Harris RS "APOBEC3B Nuclear Localization Requires Two Distinct N-Terminal Domain Surfaces.", J Mol Biol, 2018, Vol. 430, Issue 17, 2695–2708 # Richards C, Albin JS, Demir Ö, Shaban NM, Luengas EM, Land AM, Anderson BD, Holten JR, Anderson JS, Harki DA, Amaro RE, Harris RS "The Binding Interface between Human APOBEC3F and HIV-1 Vif Elucidated by Genetic and Computational Approaches.

Moreover, the study of cDNA clones made possible by polymerase chain reaction techniques has further elucidated the TXA synthase's primary structure. Similar to other members in the cytochrome P450 family, TXA synthase has a heme group coordinated to the thiolate group of a cysteine residue, specifically cysteine 480. Mutagenesis studies that made substitutions at that position resulted in loss of catalytic activity and minimal heme binding. Other residues that had similar results were W133, R478, N110, and R413.

R. L. Shriner, R. C. Fuson "The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds" John Wiley, New York, 1935, 1940, 1948. Fuson’s research interests were wide-ranging. He enunciated the principle of vinylogy which is now taught in terms of resonance in valence bond theory, elucidated the mechanism of the conjugate addition of Grignard reagents to unsaturated carbonyls compounds, and discovered stable enols and enediols of sterically hindered molecules. Fuson’s accomplishments were recognized by membership in the National Academy of Sciences.

The biosynthesis of coniine is still being investigated, much of the pathway has been elucidated. Originally thought to use 4 acetyl groups as feed compounds for the polyketide synthase that forms coniine,Leete E (1964) Biosynthesis of the hemlock alkaloids. The incorporation of acetate-1-C14 into coniine and conhydrine. J Am Chem Soc 86, 2509–2513 it is in fact derived from two malonyl and a butyryl CoA, which are derived in the usual way from acetyl-CoA.

The three- dimensional protein structure of OCP (in the OCPO form) was solved in 2003, before its photoprotective role had been elucidated. The 35 kDa protein contains two structural domains: an all-α-helical N-terminal domain (NTD) consisting of two interleaved 4-helix bundles, and a mixed α/β C-terminal domain (CTD). The two domains are connected by an extended linker. In OCPO, the carotenoid spans both domains, which are tightly associated in this form of protein.

Four of the unplaced genera, and all three of the unplaced families of APG II consist of achlorophyllous holoparasites. In these, the chloroplast genes that are usually used in phylogenetic studies of angiosperms have become nonfunctional pseudogenes. If these evolve rapidly, they may be saturated with repeated mutations at the same site and consequently not be useful for phylogenetic reconstruction. The relationships of some parasitic taxa have been elucidated in studies of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences.

Accessed January 25, 2011 Julia Kristeva elucidated a philosophy of political and religious toleration based on all of our mutual identities as strangers.Walzer, Michael On Toleration (New Haven: Yale University Press 1997) pp. 80–81 The New Testament Parable of the Tares, which speaks of the difficulty of distinguishing wheat from weeds before harvest time, has also been invoked in support of religious toleration. In his "Letter to Bishop Roger of Chalons", Bishop Wazo of Liege (c.

A detailed mechanism for the Murai reaction has not been elucidated. Experimental and computational studies give evidence for at least two different mechanisms, depending on the catalyst. For catalysts such as [Ru(H)2(CO)(PR3)3] which are active as Ru0, a combination of computational density functional studies and experimental evidence has resulted in the following proposed mechanism: Proposed mechanism for the reaction of ethylene and acetophenone (L = PR3). Some spectator ligands on Ru are omitted.

Marie-Félicité Brosset's version of the genealogy of the Orbeli and Surameli (1851). The origin of the Surameli family has not been fully elucidated. Their surname derives from a territorial epithet, meaning "of/from Surami", a castle in the central Georgian province of Shida Kartli. Based on similarities in personal names and titles, the 19th-century French Orientalist Marie-Félicité Brosset identified the Surameli of the Georgian annals as possible members of the house of Orbeli.

12-oxophytodienoate reductase structure resembles OYE enzymes and has been elucidated by x-ray crystal structures. The cDNA encodes 372 amino acids for this enzyme. It exhibits a barrel fold of eight parallel beta-strands surrounded by eight alpha-helices to create a barrel shape. Turns at the N-terminus loops of the beta-strands have been shown to contain three to four amino acid residues and the C-terminus loops range between three and 47 amino acid residues.

He studied the pathogen Phytophthora infestans (formerly Peronospora infestans) and elucidated its life cycle. The origin of plant diseases was not known at that time. Much as Miles Joseph Berkeley (1803–1889) had insisted in 1841 that the oomycete found in potato blight was the cause of the disease, de Bary declared that the rust and smut fungi were the causes of the pathological changes in diseased plants. He concluded that Uredinales and Ustilaginales were parasites.

Babylonian Talmud Zevachim 27b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Abba Zvi Naiman, Israel Schneider, and Michoel Weiner, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1995), volume 55, page 27b. The Gemara taught that it is from the words of "upon the altar all night into the morning," that the MishnahMishnah Megillah 2:6, in, e.g., The Mishnah: A New Translation, translated by Jacob Neusner, page 320; Babylonian Talmud Megillah 20b, in, e.g.

Another member of the COSY family is COSY-45. In COSY-45 a 45° pulse is used instead of a 90° pulse for the second pulse, p2. The advantage of a COSY-45 is that the diagonal-peaks are less pronounced, making it simpler to match cross- peaks near the diagonal in a large molecule. Additionally, the relative signs of the coupling constants (see J-coupling#Magnitude of J-coupling) can be elucidated from a COSY-45 spectrum.

The Mishnah taught that the coming of the sword, as in , was one of several afflictions for which they sounded the ram's horn (shofar) in alarm in every locale, because it is an affliction that spreads.Mishnah Taanit 3:5, in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, Mishnah, page 312; Babylonian Talmud Taanit 19a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Taanis, elucidated by Mordechai Kuber and Michoel Weiner, edited by Hersh Goldwurm (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1991), volume 19, page 19a.

Chandrashekar is credited with the discovery of expanded porphyrins-based macrocyclic systems which had the ability to bind and transport anions and transition metal cations. Using physico-chemical techniques, he elucidated the electronic structure of those macro cycles. He also worked on photodynamic therapy, photosynthetic intermediates and supramolecular systems for molecular devices. He has published his researches by way of several peer-reviewed articles; the online article repository of the Indian Academy of Sciences has listed 103 of them.

A critical year was 1744 for the young aspiring minister: perhaps the pressure of Jacobitism, the return of the Army from Flanders, and the whiff of Jacobite conspiracy forced a change of allegiance. For on 23 January in the first of such votes, Barrington elucidated his principled support for a Standing Army. The following month he voted with the Treasury money bill. He steered a flagship policy National Militia bill through parliament that excluded Catholics and Quakers.

Both male and female P. xanthostoma are easily identifiable by their elongated head and thorax. The degree by which the head is elongated is more condition dependent for male than female P. xanthostoma. The degree of elongation of the head in males persists even when controlling for body size. How condition dependence varies between different traits has not yet been elucidated, however it may vary based on the form of selection or the cost of expressing the trait.

This rhythmic plan was codified by the music theorist Johannes de Garlandia, author of the De Mensurabili Musica (c.1250), the treatise which defined and most completely elucidated these rhythmic modes. In his treatise Johannes de Garlandia describes six species of mode, or six different ways in which longs and breves can be arranged. Each mode establishes a rhythmic pattern in beats (or tempora) within a common unit of three tempora (a perfectio) that is repeated again and again.

Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish explained in the name of Bar Kappara that Israel is the land whose dead will be resurrected first in the Messianic era.Jerusalem Talmud Kilayim 81a. Land of Israel, circa 400 CE. In, e.g., Talmud Yerushalmi. Elucidated by Menachem Goldberger, Chaim Ochs, Gershon Hoffman, Mordechai Weiskopf, Zev Dickstein, Michael Taubes, Avrohom Neuberger, Mendy Wachsman, David Azar, Michoel Weiner, and Abba Zvi Naiman; edited by Chaim Malinowitz, Mordechai Marcus, and Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 5, page 81a1.

Elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, Zev Meisels, Abba Zvi Naiman, Dovid Kamenetsky, Mendy Wachsman; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 14, pages 87a3–4. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1998. Rabbi Benjamin bar Japhet said in the name of Rabbi Elazar that bore out the popular saying: "When the fox has its hour, bow down to it." But the Gemara questioned how Joseph was, like the fox relative to the lion, somehow inferior to his brothers.

Elucidated by Menachem Goldberger, Mendy Wachsman, Dovid Arye Kaufman, Eliezer Lachman, Abba Zvi Naiman, Michoel Weiner, Zev Meisels; edited by Chaim Malinowitz, Yisroel Simcha Schorr, and Mordechai Marcus, volume 2, page 55b1. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2006. . And Rabbi Ishmael deduced from Isaac's curse of those who cursed Jacob and blessing of those who blessed Jacob in that Jews need not respond to those who curse or bless them, for the Torah has already decreed the response.Jerusalem Talmud Berakhot 85b.

Mishnah Sukkah 1:1, in, e.g., The Mishnah: A New Translation, translated by Jacob Neusner, page 279; Babylonian Talmud Sukkah 2a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Succah, Volume 1, elucidated by Asher Dicker and Avrohom Neuberger, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1998), volume 15, page 2a. The House of Shammai declared invalid a sukkah made 30 days or more before the festival, but the House of Hillel pronounced it valid.

Rav Huna replied that he did not want to put the son of Rav to shame (and thus chose insincere forbearance over honest rebuke).Babylonian Talmud Arakhin 16b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Mendy Wachsman, Feivel Wahl, Yosef Davis, Henoch Moshe Levin, Israel Schneider, Yeshayahu Levy, Eliezer Herzka, Dovid Nachfolger, Eliezer Lachman, and Zev Meisels, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 67, page 16b3. The Gemara discussed how far one should reprove another.

The Xist chromatin binding region was first elucidated in female mouse fibroblastic cells, and embryonic stem cells though the use of a PNA molecular antagonist. The novel PNA approach directly demonstrated function of a lncRNA. The long non-coding (lncRNA) RNA, Xist directly binds to the inactive X-chromosome. Functional PNA inhibition experiments revealed that specific repeat regions of the Xist RNA were responsible for chromatin binding, and hence could be considered domain regions of the RNA transcript.

Naḥmanides Naḥmanides, in contrast, read the words of , "And you shall love your neighbor as yourself," as an overstatement. Naḥmanides taught that the human heart is unable to accept a command to love one's neighbor as oneself. Noting that Rabbi Akiva taught that one's life takes precedence over the life of one's fellow,Babylonian Talmud Bava Metzia 62a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Mordechai Rabinovitch and Tzvi Horowitz, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 42, page 62a1.

Reading the words of , "And you shall not mistreat each man his colleague (, amito)," Rav Ḥinnana, son of Rav Idi, taught that the word , amito, is interpreted as a contraction of , im ito, meaning: "One who is with him. " Thus one must not mistreat one who is with one in observance of Torah and commandments.Babylonian Talmud Bava Metzia 59a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Mordechai Rabinovitch and Tzvi Horowitz, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 42, pages 59a1.

But Rabbi Akiva interpreted the words "that your brother may live with you" in to teach that concern for one's own life takes precedence over concern for another's.Babylonian Talmud Bava Metzia 62a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Mordechai Rabinovitch and Tzvi Horowitz, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 42, page 62a. Part of chapter 1 of Tractate Kiddushin in the Mishnah, Tosefta, Jerusalem Talmud, and Babylonian Talmud interpreted the laws of the Hebrew servant in and ; ; and .

Ghrelin is a hormone that is released in the stomach that stimulates hunger and food intake. Changes in circulating hormone levels after gastric bypass have been hypothesized to produce reductions in food intake and body weight in obese patients. However, these findings remain controversial, and the exact mechanisms by which gastric bypass surgery reduces food intake and body weight have yet to be elucidated. For example, it is still widely perceived that gastric bypass works by mechanical means, i.e.

In 2013, the molecular mechanism of high- altitude adaptation was elucidated in the Tibetan ground tit (Pseudopodoces humilis) using a draft genome sequence. Gene family expansion and positively selected gene analysis revealed genes that were related to cardiac function in the ground tit. Some of the genes identified to have positive selection include ADRBK1 and HSD17B7, which are involved in the adrenaline response and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Thus, the strengthened hormonal system is an adaptation strategy of this bird.

Anastasios Melis is an American biologist at the University of California, Berkeley who elucidated the possibility of creating hydrogen from algae. He is currently Professor of Plant & Microbial Biology in the institution and Editor-in-Chief of the Planta journal. Hydrogen power is considered one of the key ways of producing electricity without continuing to use up fossil fuels. The added bonus of using algae in this way is that they could consume carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Yosef Asher Weiss; edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 46, pages 123a2–3. Rachel and Leah (1984 illustration by Jim Padgett, courtesy of Distant Shores Media/Sweet Publishing) The seven days of Jacob's wedding feast in are reflected in the Sages' ruling that if a groom developed symptoms of skin disease (tzaraat) they granted him a delay of inspection to the end of the seven days of his marriage feast.

Decompressive craniectomy is frequently performed in cases of resistant intracranial hypertension secondary to several neurological conditions and is commonly followed by cranioplasty. Complications, such as infection and hematomas after cranioplasty occur in roughly about a third of cases. Massive brain swelling after cranioplasty (MSBC) is a rare and potentially fatal complication of an uneventful cranioplasty that has recently been elucidated. Preoperative sinking skin flap (SSF) and intracranial hypotension were factors associated with the development of MSBC after cranioplasty.

Rabbi Jacob said in Rabbi Johanan's name that the minimum number of people for an act to be considered public is ten. And the Gemara taught that ten Jews are required for the event to be public, for says, "I will be hallowed among the children of Israel."Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 74a–b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Michoel Weiner and Asher Dicker, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 48, page 74a3–b1.

Thus a person does not fulfill the obligation unless they are all bound in one bundle. And so it is, the Baraita taught, with Israel's conciliation with God: It is achieved only when the people of Israel are united as one group.Babylonian Talmud Menachot 27a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Abba Zvi Naiman, Eliezer Herzka, Zev Meisels, Hillel Danziger, and Avrohom Neuberger, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 58, pages 27a3–4.

Xenopus embryos have also provided a rapid test bed for validating newly discovered disease genes. For example, studies in Xenopus confirmed and elucidated the role of PYCR1 in cutis laxa with progeroid features. Transgenic Xenopus for studying transcriptional regulation of human disease genes: Xenopus embryos develop rapidly, so transgenesis in Xenopus is a rapid and effective method for analyzing genomic regulatory sequences. In a recent study, mutations in the SMAD7 locus were revealed to associate with human colorectal cancer.

Phytotriades was separated from the genus Phyllodytes based primarily on genetic evidence; this also solved the unusual, disjunct distribution of the genus (the remaining Phyllodytes are endemic to eastern Brazil). Nevertheless, the contents of the genus remain to be elucidated. Earlier on, also Phyllodytes wuchereri was included in the "Phyllodytes auratus group", but the position of this species has not been addressed. At the moment, it is not clear which Phyllodytes species might eventually end up in this genus.

Influenza viruses bind through hemagglutinin onto sialic acid sugars on the surfaces of epithelial cells, typically in the nose, throat, and lungs of mammals, and intestines of birds (Stage 1 in infection figure). After the hemagglutinin is cleaved by a protease, the cell imports the virus by endocytosis. The intracellular details are still being elucidated. It is known that virions converge to the microtubule organizing center, interact with acidic endosomes and finally enter the target endosomes for genome release.

The principles of fundamental justice of which s. 7 [of the Charter] speaks, though not identical to the duty of fairness elucidated in Baker infra, are the same principles underlying that duty. As Professor Hogg has said, "The common law rules [of procedural fairness] are in fact basic tenets of the legal system, and they have evolved in response to the same values and objectives as s. 7."See P. W. Hogg, Constitutional Law of Canada (loose-leaf), Vol.

Isabelle Yoffe Liberman (1918–1990) was an American psychologist, born in Latvia, who was an expert on reading disabilities, including dyslexia. Isabelle Liberman received her bachelor's degree from Vassar College and her doctorate from Yale University. She was a professor at the University of Connecticut from 1966 through 1987 and a research associate at the Haskins Laboratories. Along with her husband, Alvin Liberman, she elucidated the "alphabetic principle" and its relationship to phonemic awareness and phonological awareness in reading.

Jean-Baptiste Labat described a population of small parrots living on Guadeloupe, which has been postulated to be a separate species based on little evidence. They were called Conurus labati, and are now referred to as the Guadeloupe parakeet (Aratinga labati). No specimens or remains of the extinct parrots are known. Their taxonomy may never be fully elucidated, so their postulated status as a separate species is hypothetical, and it is regarded as a hypothetical extinct species.

Mehrotra, during his early years in research, made notable contributions in analytical chemistry which included studies on tin, gold and hydrated copper oxide. Through his researches on the chemical theory of indicators, he elucidated the applicability of universal type of indicators, ceramic salts and of hypobromites and widened the understanding of alkoxides and carboxylates of many elements. His work covered the synthesis of several metallic compounds such as polymetaphosphates, alkoxides, beta-diketonates, carboxylates, thiolates and dialky 1 dithiophosphates.

Labat also described amazon parrots living on Martinique. There are no specimens or remains of either island population, so their taxonomy may never be fully elucidated. Their status as separate species is unproven and they are regarded as hypothetical extinct species. In 2017 a study published by ornithologists Tony Silva, Antonio Guzmán, Adam D. Urantówka and Paweł Mackiewicz proposed a new species for the Yucatan Peninsula area (Mexico), being this named blue- winged amazon (Amazona gomezgarzai).

The Mishnah taught that the law of the dissolution of vows hovers in the air and has nothing on which to rest in the Biblical text.Mishnah Chagigah 1:8, in, e.g., The Mishnah: A New Translation, translated by Jacob Neusner, page 330; Babylonian Talmud Chagigah 10a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Dovid Kamenetsky, Henoch Levin, Feivel Wahl, Israel Schneider, and Zev Meisels, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1999), volume 22, page 10a.

Rav Judah said that Samuel found the Scriptural basis for the law of the dissolution of vows in the words of "he shall not break his word," which teaches that "he" — the vower — may not break the vow, but others might dissolve it for him.Babylonian Talmud Chagigah 10a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Dovid Kamenetsky, Henoch Levin, Feivel Wahl, Israel Schneider, and Zev Meisels, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 22, page 10a.

The mechanism by which phototropins work was elucidated through experiments with broad bean (Vicia faba). Immunodetection and far-western blotting showed blue light excites phototropin 1 and phototropin 2, causing protein phosphatase 1 to begin a phosphorylation cascade, which activates H+-ATPase, a pump responsible for pumping H+ ions out of the cell. The phosphorylated H+-ATPase allows the binding of a 14-3-3 protein to an autoinhibitory domain of the H+-ATPase at the C terminus.

In the years during World War I, Hadda became head of two military hospitals and received awards. He had to hide his pacifist outlook so as not to stand out as a nonconformist. He described the serious injuries of his patients, for example, the gaseous gangrene infections against which there was a feeling of helplessness. In the early autumn of 1917, he elucidated to the malnutrition of the civilian population resulting in susceptibility to infections like the influenza epidemic.

Dopamine has been related to the normal learning of stimuli with behavioral and motivational significance, attention, and most importantly the reward system. In accordance with the role of dopamine in reward processing, addictive drugs stimulate dopamine release. Although the exact mechanism has yet to be elucidated, the role of dopamine in the reward system and addiction has been proposed as the origin of DDS. Models of addiction have been used to explain how dopamine replacement therapy produces DDS.

The origin of the term "Virchow's Triad" is of historical interest, and has been subject to reinterpretation in recent years. While both Virchow's and the modern triads describe thrombosis, the previous triad has been characterized as "the consequences of thrombosis", and the modern triad as "the causes of thrombosis". Rudolf Virchow elucidated the etiology of pulmonary embolism, whereby thrombi occurring within the veins, particularly those of the extremities, become dislodged and migrate to the pulmonary vasculature. He published his description in 1856.

He also elucidated the mechanistic pathways of the transformations and developed methodologies for benzyne cyclisation of anils and Lewis acid- promoted lithiation, both have since become standard synthetic procedures. Kessar has authored several articles detailing his research findings which have been published in peer-reviewed journals. He holds patent for one of the processes he has developed. He served the executive council of Panjab University Alumni Association during 2014–15 and has written a book on the city of Jaisalmer.

In the late 60s, Ferris published a set of collaborative studies with Leslie Orgel that elucidated several prebiotic pathways for the synthesis of biologically relevant macromolecules (including nucleobases, amino acids, and precursors thereof) from hydrogen cyanide and cyano compounds. In another series of publications on chemical evolution, Ferris further expanded the understanding of these and other reactions, demonstrating, for example, mechanisms of hydrogen cyanide polymerization under a variety of conditions leading to purines, pyrimidines, amino acids, and a host of organic precursor molecules.

Born in Christchurch on 24 April 1940, Robinson was the son of Jack Robinson and Lurline Robinson (née Cross). He was educated at Christchurch Boys' High School, and then studied at the University of Canterbury, graduating Master of Science with second-class honours in chemistry in 1962. He completed a PhD at the same institution in 1964. His thesis, titled Studies in the coordination chemistry of certain transition metals, elucidated the first structure of a cluster compound and its unusual delocalised bonding.

Hubert Chantrenne (1918–2007) was a Belgian scientist, and one of the pioneers of molecular biology at the Université Libre de Bruxelles. He elucidated the messenger role played by the ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the synthesis of proteins in ribosome, organelles of the cellular cytoplasm.Chantrenne H, Devreux S., Effects of 8-azaguanine on the synthesis of protein and nucleic acids in Bacillus cereus, Nature. 1958 June 21;181(4625):1737-8Chantrenne H., The polyribosomes, agents of protein synthesis, Arch Biol (Liege).

Like other globins, penta-coordinate Phytogbs reversibly bind and transport O2. The function of Lbs in nodules was elucidated in 1974 by Wittenberg, Appleby and others.Wittenberg J. B., Bergersen F. J., Appleby C. A.,Turner G. L., Facilitated oxygen diffusion: the role of leghemoglobin in nitrogen fixation by bacteroids isolated from soybean root nodules., J. Biol. Chem., 249 (1974) 4057-4066 In nodules the concentration of Lbs is very high as they correspond to ~30% of the total soluble proteins.

She joined the biochemistry lab of Frederick Gowland Hopkins at Cambridge University in 1914, where she pursued the biochemical aspects of petal colour, whose genetics she had elucidated during her work with Bateson. She worked on oxidase systems which were also involved in additional areas of plant biology. This led her to work for the Food Investigation Board from 1917 onward and then, and from 1922 leading a team working on fruit ripening at the Cambridge Low Temperature Station from 1922.

She found that after neonatal spinal injury, BDNF was no longer able to facilitate dorsal-root EPSCs. After discovering that NMDA receptor dysfunction was not the cause for decreased responses, she elucidated that expression of dysfunctional trkB might be contributing to the decline in BDNF effects after injury. Garraway then completed a second postdoctoral fellowship in New York City, at the Weill Cornell Medical College. She worked in the Department of Pharmacology and became an instructor of Pharmacology as well.

Epinephrine synthesis and therefore PNMT location has been largely found to be contained in the adrenal medulla or adrenal gland of most species. PNMT has been localized in most adult mammals to the cytoplasm of these medullary cells. Newer studies are also showing PNMT mRNA and protein to be expressed in other regions of the body as well. Certain neural tracts, the retina, and in both atria and ventricles in the hearts are now being elucidated as sites of PNMT expression.

The Enterobacteria greA leader is a putative attenuator element identified by bioinformatics within bacteria of the γ-proteobacterial Enterobacteriales order. It is located upstream of the rnk gene, encoding a transcription elongation factor, and presents a Rho-independent terminator at the 3' end. This RNA is presumed to operate as a non-coding leader, which regulatory mechanism remains to be elucidated. The short abortive form of the greA transcript may also play a role as an independent sRNA: Potrykus et al.

The Pseudomonas rnk leader is a putative attenuator element identified by bioinformatics within bacteria of the γ-proteobacterial Pseudomonas genus. It is located upstream of the rnk gene, encoding a nucleoside diphosphate kinase regulator, and presents a Rho-independent terminator at the 3' end. This RNA is presumed to operate as a non-coding leader, which regulatory mechanism remains to be elucidated. The motif might be related to other rnk-and greA- leaders, such the Enterobacteria rnk leader and Enterobacteria greA leader.

The book deals comprehensively with aspects of cinema, including film and literary theory, acting, performance, score music, the screen, camerawork, costumes, make-up, and props. Of particular importance are themes of directing and producing as the driving forces of filmmaking. Ideas in the book are elucidated by drawing examples from North Korean films, of which Sea of Blood is the most referred one. On the Art of the Cinema presents two major theories: the theory of literature as "humanics" and the "seed theory".

Easwaran's studies are known to have contributed to a wider understanding of ion-transport across membranes and assisted in developing a molecular model for transmembrane cation transport. He elucidated the conformational, mechanistic and kinetic aspects of transmembrane ion transport mediated by carrier ionophores, and this helped in the design and development of anti-fungal drugs, lipids and membrane structures. He also contributed in the spectroscopic analysis of peptides and proteins. His researches are documented in over 90 articles and six review papers.

The process sometimes known as indenter tectonics, first elucidated by Paul Tapponnier, occurs during a collisional event where one of the plates deforms internally along a system of strike-slip faults. The best known active example is the system of strike-slip structures observed in the Eurasian plate as it responds to collision with the Indian plate, such as the Kunlun fault and Altyn Tagh fault.Tapponnier, P. & Molnar, P. 1979. Active faulting and Cenozoic tectonics of the Tien Shan, Mongolia and Baykal regions.

The essays elucidated how second-language learner methodologies could be applied to the study of heritage speakers of endangered languages for whom the language is not their primary mode of communication, one of Dorian's main goals for the collection. In addition, the book was described by Carl Blyth as a "milestone" because it "establishes a more coherent agenda in a disparate and still emerging field". Investigating Obsolescence "undoubtedly compares to other major collections of sociolinguistic essays", according to Emanuel Drechsel.

Kanneganti's research group recently further elucidated the molecular mechanism of PANoptosis and showed that the enigmatic caspase-6 is critical for ZBP1-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation, PANoptosis, innate immune responses, and host defense against IAV. Her lab also showed that coronavirus activates PANoptosis and that inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome or gasdermin D during coronavirus infection actually increases cell death and cytokine secretion rather than decreasing them. Overall, work from Kannegant's lab has implicated PANoptosis in infectious, metabolic, neurologic, and autoinflammatory diseases and cancer.

In New York of 1969, the life-experienced and bibliophile, yet mysterious and neurotic Eisenstein introduces the naive student of literature to the adventures of love. The narcissistic over-father makes the student completely dependent on himself and manipulates him according to his wishes. In the course of the 500-page presentation, Eisenstein's erratic and excentric prehistory is elucidated. From the perspective of Cornelia Wolters (Neue Ruhr Zeitung) it is all about the aesthetical, about classical and pop music, about books and bibliophilia.

Stubbe, in collaboration with John Kozarich, also elucidated the structure and function of bleomycin, an antibiotic that is commonly used to treat cancer. They discovered how bleomycin induces DNA strand breaks in tumor cells, which in turn induces apoptosis. Before retiring, Stubbe studied the function of ribonucleotide reductases and the mechanisms of clinically useful drugs. She also extended her research into polyhydroxybutyrates, a class of biodegradable polymers that can be synthesized by bacteria under certain conditions and then converted into plastics.

The Gemara deduced from the words "And if his offering be a sacrifice of peace-offerings" in that for an offering to be effective, one needed to slaughter the sacrifice for the sake of its being a peace-offering.Babylonian Talmud Zevachim 4a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Abba Zvi Naiman, Israel Schneider, and Michoel Weiner, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 55, page 4a. Rabbi Judah taught that whoever brought a peace-offering brought peace to the world.

Moldavia's German Chronicle, compiled late during Stephen's reign, links Maria with the Caucasus, describing her as a "Circassian". This remark, Vasiliev notes, is "completely obscure", with no other record substantiating the "Circassian" claim. He proposes that such a confusion in the text might be connected to the "not very reliable" story according to which some "Gothic" princes had settled in Phanagoria. In 1999, genealogist Sorin Iftimi noted that the statement in the German Chronicle had still not been elucidated by historians.

And they interpreted the words "then you shall bring her home" in to mean that the soldier could not molest her on the battlefield. Rav said that permitted a priest to take a beautiful captive, while Samuel maintained that it was forbidden.Babylonian Talmud Kiddushin 21b–22a (Sasanian Empire, 6th century), in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Kiddushin: Volume 1, elucidated by David Fohrman, Dovid Kamenetsky, and Hersh Goldwurm, edited by Hersh Goldwurm (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1992), volume 36, pages 21b3–22a1.

Interpreting , the Mishnah taught that they would hang a transgressor for only a very short time, and then immediately untie the corpse. The Mishnah taught that leaving the corpse hanging overnight would transgress and desecrate the name of Heaven, reminding everybody of the deceased’s transgression.Mishnah Sanhedrin 6:4, in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, Mishnah, pages 594–95; Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 46a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Sanhedrin: Volume 1, elucidated by Asher Dicker and Abba Zvi Naiman, volume 47, page 46a3.

The disease was first recognized by the French doctor Philippe Gaucher, who originally described it in 1882 and lent his name to the condition. In 1902, its mode of inheritance was discovered by Nathan Brill. The neuronal damage associated with the disease was discovered in the 1920s, and the biochemical basis for the disease was elucidated in the 1960s by Roscoe Brady. The first effective treatment for the disease, the drug alglucerase (Ceredase), was approved by the FDA in April 1991.

'" Other commentators pointed to the theories elucidated in John Grigsby's work Beowulf and Grendel, where Grendel's mother was linked with the ancient Germanic fertility goddess Nerthus. However, there were also positive academic reviews. Philosophy professor Stephen T. Asma argued that "Zemeckis's more tender- minded film version suggests that the people who cast out Grendel are the real monsters. The monster, according to this charity paradigm, is just misunderstood rather than evil (similar to the version presented in John Gardner's novel Grendel).

In other words, the image from the UV reflection can only be seen at a distinct range of angles from the point of origin. Electron micrographs determined the scale structure which in turn elucidated the mechanism of UV reflection. UV reflecting scales are composed of raised longitudinal ridges and perpendicular cross ribs that connect the parallel running ridges, forming a grid.Ghiradella, H. (1991): “Light and color on the wing: structural colors in butterflies and moths.” Applied Optics: 30, 24, ppg.

Group I WRKY proteins are primarily denoted by the presence of two WRKY protein domains, whereas both groups II and III each possess only one domain. Group III WRKY proteins have a C2HC zinc finger instead of the C2H2 motif of group I and II factors. The structure of several plant WRKY domains has been elucidated using crystallography Duan, Nan, Liang, Mao, Lu, et al. (2007) DNA binding mechanism revealed by high resolution crystal structure of Arabidopsis thaliana WRKY1 protein.

Prof Alan Battersby lecturing on porphyrin biosynthesis. Alan Battersby is, above all, known for his research on the biosynthesis of the "pigments of life" that are built on closely related tetrapyrrolic structural frameworks. His research group elucidated, in particular, the essential role played by two enzymes, deaminase and cosynthetase, in the steps from aminolevulinic acid via porphobilinogen and hydroxymethylbilane to uroporphyrinogen III. The latter is the first macrocyclic intermediate in the biosynthesis of haem, chlorophyll, vitamin B12 (cobalamin), sirohaem and cofactor F430.

The hydrolysis of the diketide has been shown to be the rate-limiting step of the enzyme. The Proposed Mechanism of CURS1-Original work using ChemBioDraw. Based upon the mechanism elucidated in doi:10.1074/jbc.M110.196279 It was previously hypothesized that the curcumoid pathway employed two cinnamoyl-CoAs and one malonyl-CoA, but this was suggested against by the absence of a necessary intermediate such a pathway (bisdeshydroxybisdesmethoxycurcumin), strengthening evidence for feruloyl-CoA or 4-coumaroyl-CoA as starter substrate in CURS.

Babylonian Talmud Menachot 28a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Abba Zvi Naiman, Eliezer Herzka, Zev Meisels, Hillel Danziger, and Avrohom Neuberger, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2002), volume 58, pages 28a3–5. A Midrash deduced from the use of the word "this" in that the work of the Menorah was one of four things that God had to show Moses with God's finger because Moses was puzzled by them.Exodus Rabbah 15:28. 10th century, in, e.g.

Elucidated by Mordechai Rabinovitch, edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 32, pages 40a2. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1993. Rabbi Jose the Galilean cited the use of "second" in to rule that bulls brought for sacrifices had to be no more than two years old. But the Sages ruled that bulls could be as many as three years old, and Rabbi Meir ruled that even those that are four or five years old were valid, but old animals were not brought out of respect.

Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 2a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Sanhedrin: Volume 1, elucidated by Asher Dicker and Abba Zvi Naiman, edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 47, page 2a. Rav Aha bar Jacob argued for an interpretation of the words "that they may stand there with you" with regard to the 70 judges in . Rav Aha bar Jacob argued that the words "with you" implied that the judges needed to be "like you"—that is, like Moses—in unblemished genealogical background.

According to this Baraita, some say the report in that Eldad and Medad remained in the camp meant that their lots — marked "elder" — remained in the urn, as Eldad and Medad were afraid to draw their lots. Other prospective elders drew the two blank lots, so Eldad and Medad were thus selected elders.Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 17a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Sanhedrin: Volume 1, elucidated by Asher Dicker and Abba Zvi Naiman, edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 47, page 17a.

The Mishnah concluded that the generation of the Flood and the generation of the dispersion after the Tower of Babel were both so evil as to have no share in the world to come.Mishnah Sanhedrin 10:3, in, e.g., Jacob Neusner, translator, Mishnah, pages 604–05; Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 107b–08a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Asher Dicker, Joseph Elias, and Dovid Katz, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 49, pages 107b4–08a1. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1995.

Bipyridines with positively charged nitrogen atoms were already known to be poisonous before the structure of orellanine was elucidated. The herbicides paraquat and diquat are toxic not only to plants, but also to humans and livestock. Bipyridines with charged nitrogen atoms disrupt important redox reactions in organisms, 'stealing' one or two electrons and sometimes bypass the electrons into other, often undesirable, redox reactions. The terminal product can be peroxide or superoxide ions, the latter of which are harmful to the cells.

Starting with the papers reprinted in his 1969 Belief, Martin argued that the Frege's Art des Gegebensein was crucial to his thinking. Just what this Art entailed remains to be elucidated. Martin was especially fond of applying his first-order theory to the analysis of ordinary language, a method he termed logico- linguistics. He often referenced the work of the linguists Zellig Harris (admiringly) and Henry Hiz (more critically); Martin, Harris, and Hiz all taught at Penn in the 1950s.

This position he further elucidated in his Der christliche Staat und sein Verhältniss zum Deismus und Judenthum (The Christian State and its relation to Deism and Judaism; 1847). As Oberkirchenrath (synodal councillor), Stahl used all his influence to weaken the Prussian Union of churches (i.e. that compromise between the Calvinist and Lutheran doctrines which is the essence of the Evangelical Church in Prussia) and to strengthen the influence of the Lutheran Church (cf. Die Lutherische Kirche und die Union, 1859).

The structure of the octameric core complex was revisited seven years later and a resolution of 3.1 Å was elucidated for its crystal at a high salt concentration. Though sequence similarity is low between the core histones, each of the four have a repeated element consisting of a helix-loop-helix called the histone fold motif. Furthermore, the details of protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions were fine-tuned by X-ray crystallography studies at 2.8 and 1.9 Å, respectively, in the 2000s.

Smyth, J.; Butler, N.; Keller, P. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2015, 32, 1562-1583 The absolute configuration around the axis was elucidated by Romaine et. al., utilizing a C2-symmetric shunt metabolite HMP-Y6, a glycosylated structural analogue of hibarimicinone, in tandem with biomimetic homocoupling.Romaine, I. M.; Hempel, J. E.; Shanmugam, G.; Hori, H.; Igarashi, Y.; Polavarpu, P. L.; Sulikowshi, G. A. Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 4538-4541 Recent work by multiple groups have shown the total synthesis of hibarimicinone and its derivatives.

The Rabbis discussed why, in the words of , God spoke to Moses "in wilderness." Rava taught that when people open themselves to everyone like a wilderness, God gives them the Torah.Babylonian Talmud Nedarim 55a (Sasanian Empire, 6th century), in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Nedarim: Volume 2, elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, Asher Dicker, Nasanel Kasnett, Noson Boruch Herzka, Reuvein Dowek, Michoel Weiner, Mendy Wachsman, and Feivel Wahl, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2000), volume 30, page 55a.

However, some do not act via inhibition of this enzyme, and instead act via other, poorly elucidated mechanisms. Unlike acetaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors and other disulfiram- like drugs, alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors such as fomepizole (brand name Antizol) inhibit the metabolism of alcohol into acetaldehyde, thereby increasing and extending the effects of alcohol and reducing its toxicity. As such, they can be thought of as converses of disulfiram-like drugs. Fomepizole is used medically as an antidote against methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning.

Das (1970), pp. 81-103. According to the legend, after Tsongkhapa died in 1419, his disciple Khedrub Jey on five occasions met with him in mystical states. Kedrub Jey is most remembered for his charisma as a teacher, as well as for the many excellent commentaries that he wrote on the tantric lineages which Tsongkhapa gathered together and elucidated. He played an important role in the education of the First Dalai Lama, who was the youngest of Tsongkhapa's five chief disciples.

The sequence for Plastoglobulin-1 has been elucidated in Pisum sativum (garden pea); it was found to be synthesised as a 358 residue pro- peptide, containing a 47 residue transit peptide for localisation to the chloroplast; the transit peptide is cleaved to produce the mature plastoglobulin. Plastoglobulin are known to interact with each other to form a coat on lipid globules, that either recruits or maintain receptors for attachment to the thylakoid membrane, or for transport of lipids across the thylakoid membrane.

The BR is biosynthesised from campesterol. The biosynthetic pathway was elucidated by Japanese researchers and later shown to be correct through the analysis of BR biosynthesis mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana, tomatoes, and peas. The sites for BR synthesis in plants have not been experimentally demonstrated. One well-supported hypothesis is that all tissues produce BRs, since BR biosynthetic and signal transduction genes are expressed in a wide range of plant organs, and short distance activity of the hormones also supports this.

Babylonian Talmud Niddah 9a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Niddah: Volume 1, elucidated by Hillel Danziger, Moshe Zev Einhorn, and Michoel Weiner, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1996), volume 71, page 9a3. It was taught in a Baraita that Rabbi Eleazar interpreted the words of , "And surely your blood of your lives will I require," to mean that God will require retribution (in the Afterlife) from those who shed their own blood (by committing suicide).

They have demonstrated how very rapid changes in body and beak size in response to changes in the food supply are driven by natural selection. They have also elucidated the mechanisms by which new species arise and how genetic diversity is maintained in natural populations. The work of the Grants has had a seminal influence in the fields of population biology, evolution, and ecology. The Grants are both Fellows of the Royal Society, Peter in 1987, and Rosemary in 2007.

Rava replied that the Israelites walked in integrity, for speaks of the Jews when it says, "The integrity of the upright shall guide them." But of others, who walked in perversity, says, "but the perverseness of the treacherous shall destroy them."Babylonian Talmud Shabbat 88a–b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Shabbos: Volume 3, elucidated by Yosef Asher Weiss, Michoel Weiner, Asher Dicker, Abba Zvi Naiman, Yosef Davis, and Israel Schneider, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, volume 5, pages 88a–b.

Thus to encourage the lesser judges to speak freely in capital cases, the Mishnah's rule had them speak first.Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 36a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Asher Dicker and Abba Zvi Naiman, edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 47, page 36a3. The Mishnah read the emphatic words of "you shall surely release it," repeating the verb in the Hebrew, to teach that required a passer-by to unload an enemy's animal to let it get up and to reload the animal.

And Rav Ashi taught that the principle of pecuniary compensation could be derived from the analogous use of the term "for" in in the expression "eye for eye" and in in the expression "he shall surely pay ox for ox." As the latter case plainly indicated pecuniary compensation, so must the former.Babylonian Talmud Bava Kamma 84a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Abba Zvi Naiman and Mendy Wachsman, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2001), volume 40, pages 84a1–4.

Electron microscopy technologies such as staining, metal shadowing, and ultra-thin cell sections were the original methods to determine polysome structure. The development of cryo-electron microscopy techniques has allowed for increased resolution of the image, leading to a more precise method to determine structure. Different structural configurations of polyribosomes could reflect a variety in translation of mRNAs. An investigation of the ratio of polyribosomal shape elucidated that a high number of circular and zigzag polysomes were found after several rounds of translation.

Babylonian Talmud Yoma 86b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Yoma: Volume 2, elucidated by Eliezer Herzka, Zev Meisels, Abba Zvi Naiman, Dovid Kamenetsky, and Mendy Wachsman, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1998), volume 14, page 86b. The Year of Jubilee (painting by Henry Le Jeune) The latter parts of tractate Arakhin in the Mishnah, Tosefta, and Babylonian Talmud interpreted the laws of the jubilee year in .Mishnah Arakhin 7:1–9:8, in, e.g.

The chemical structure of anthramycin was first elucidated by Leimgruber using nuclear magnetic resonance and ultraviolet spectroscopy. Using another similarly structured fermentation product simply referred to as 'yellow pigment' as a basis of comparison, he was able to identify all major functional groups of the structure. The structure of the species was narrowed down to one of two possible candidates: one with a pyrrolobenzodiazepine nucleus, and another with a pyridoquinazoline skeleton. The first structure was confirmed through the use of mass spectrometry.

Evolution of cooperation is a general term for investigation into how cooperation can emerge and persist (also known as cooperation theory) as elucidated by the application of game theory. Traditional game theory did not explain some forms of cooperation well. The academic literature concerned with those forms of cooperation not easily handled in traditional game theory, with special consideration of evolutionary biology, largely took its modern form as a result of Axelrod's and Hamilton's influential 1981 paper and the book that followed.

Hammond et al. observed that the HA content in the vocal fold lamina propria was significantly higher in males than in females. Although all those studies did show that there are clear structural and functional changes seen in the human VF which are associated with gender and age, none really fully elucidated the underlying cause of those changes. In fact, only a few recent studies started to look at the presence and role of hormone receptors in the VF. Newman et al.

The Osteogenic Growth Peptide (OGP) is a 14-aa peptide produced from alternative translation of Histone H4 mRNA, sharing the C-terminal sequence `ALKRQGRTLYGFGG` of histone H4. It is found in human and rat circulation as well as regenerating bone marrow. In blood serum it is bound to α2M along with two other binding proteins that are not clearly identified. A specific receptor has not been identified, but some signaling pathways involved in its bone-regenaration function has been elucidated.

Kiehn has published over 120 original papers and reviews and his work has been reported in scientific journals, including Nature (journal), Science (journal), Cell (journal), Nature Neuroscience, Neuron (journal), PNAS, Nature Reviews Neuroscience among others. Kiehn’s work has elucidated the functional organization of neuronal circuits controlling movement. In his initial work he showed that vertebrate motor neurons can express transmitter-modulated plateau potentials. His continued work has shown an involvement of plateaux in disturbed motor symptoms seen after spinal cord injury.

The general biosynthetic pathway of capsaicin and other capsaicinoids was elucidated in the 1960s by Bennett and Kirby, and Leete and Louden. Radiolabeling studies identified phenylalanine and valine as the precursors to capsaicin.Bennett DJ, Kirby GW (1968) Constitution and biosynthesis of capsaicin. J Chem Soc C 4:442–446 Enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) and their function in capsaicinoid biosynthesis were identified later by Fujiwake et al.

Grapes contain certain polyphenol compounds, although none has been shown to be an antioxidant in vivo. It is difficult to evaluate the physiological effects of specific natural phenolic antioxidants, since such a large number of individual compounds may occur even in a single food and their fate in vivo cannot be measured. Other more detailed chemical research has elucidated the difficulty of isolating individual phenolics. Because significant variation in phenolic content occurs among various brands of tea, there are possibleC.

Busse then published a fascinating paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences exploring the phenomenon of cross-modal attentional spreading. Busse found that when a subject is paying attention to a stimulus in one sensory modality, it increases the subject's attention to a non-related stimulus in a different sensory modality. This finding elucidated the idea that simultaneous yet disconnected stimuli can be grouped into one multisensory object enhancing the cognitive processing that is allocated to both stimuli.

Many of the enzymes in the noscapine biosynthetic pathway was elucidated by the discovery of a 10 gene "operon-like cluster" named HN1. In 2016, the biosynthetic pathway of noscapine was reconstituted in yeast cells, allowing the drug to be synthesised without the requirement of harvest and purification from plant material. In 2018, the entire noscapine pathway was reconstituted and produced in yeast from simple molecules. In addition, protein expression was optimised in yeast, allowing production of noscapine to be improved 18,000 fold.

Rabbi Johanan (or some say Rava) interpreted "it is not in heaven" to mean that the Torah is not to be found among the arrogant. And Rabbi Johanan interpreted "neither is it beyond the sea" to mean that it is not to be found among traveling merchants and business people.Babylonian Talmud Eruvin 54b–55a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Eruvin: Volume 2, elucidated by Yisroel Reisman and Michoel Weiner, edited by Hersh Goldwurm (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1991), volume 8, pages 54b–55a.

Early studies elucidated the structure of parts of bacterial condensins, such as MukBEF and SMC-ScpA. In eukaryotic complexes, several structures of subcomplexes and subdomains have been reported, including the hinge and arm domains of an SMC2-SMC4 dimer, a CAP-G(ycg1)/CAP-H(brn1) subcomplex, and a CAP-D2(ycs4)/CAP-H(brn1) subcomplex. On the other hand, fast-speed atomic force microscopy has demonstrated that the arms of an SMC dimer is far more flexible than was expected.

As a cyclophilin, PPID binds the immunosuppressive drug CsA to form a CsA-cyclophilin complex, which then targets calcineurin to inhibit the signaling pathway for T-cell activation. In cardiac myogenic cells, cyclophilins have been observed to be activated by heat shock and hypoxia- reoxygenation as well as complex with heat shock proteins. Thus, cyclophilins may function in cardioprotection during ischemia-reperfusion injury. Currently, cyclophilin expression is highly correlated with cancer pathogenesis, but the specific mechanisms remain to be elucidated.

Surface representation of Ubiquitin. Ubiquitin (originally, ubiquitous immunopoietic polypeptide) was first identified in 1975 as an 8.6 kDa protein of unknown function expressed in all eukaryotic cells. The basic functions of ubiquitin and the components of the ubiquitylation pathway were elucidated in the early 1980s at the Technion by Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, and Irwin Rose for which the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded in 2004. The ubiquitylation system was initially characterised as an ATP-dependent proteolytic system present in cellular extracts.

The group soon published an initial leaflet entitled Wanted: A New Political Alignment which elucidated the principles of the new organization."League for Independent Political Action," in Fine (ed.), American Labor Year Book, 1930, pg. 127. This document proclaimed that "a political awakening is coming" which would cast aside the "Republican-Democratic alliance." The 1928 election had "revealed the fact" the Democratic Party had "not one fundamental economic issue to distinguish them from Republicans," according to this LIPA founding document.

The pathogenesis of cone dystrophy has yet to be elucidated. It appears that the dystrophy is primary, since subjective and objective abnormalities of cone function are found before ophthalmoscopic changes can be seen. However, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) rapidly becomes involved, leading to a retinal dystrophy primarily involving the macula. The histological examination of the eyes of one such patient showed that the outer nuclear layer of cones and rods had disappeared completely, whereas the RPE showed pronounced pigment changes.

However, loss of any one protein in the four protein KICSTOR complex resulted in a lack of inhibition of mTORC1 by amino acid or glucose deprivation and increased mTORC1 signaling. Thus, KICSTOR is a negative regulator of mTORC1 signaling that functions by localizing GATOR1 to the lysosomal surface as well inhibiting mTORC1 during periods of amino acid or glucose deprivation. How the KICSTOR complex directly inhibits mTORC1 as well as senses amino acid or glucose deprivation remains to be elucidated.

Thomas A. Bickle mainly investigated the mode of action of bacterial DNA restriction and modification systems. These systems protect bacteria from being invaded by foreign DNA, either free or packaged in bacterial viruses. So-called restriction enzymes (endonucleases) recognize foreign DNA and inactivate these through endonucleolytic cleavage. In Escherichia coli Bickle elucidated the precise method used by these enzymes to distinguish between their own and foreign DNA, He identified the DNA recognition sequences of various restriction enzymes and investigated their structure.

Simulations take a large amount of computing power and time. The EVE framework used multi-node supercomputer clusters (BlueGene/L and Beowulf) that ran for an average of 500 node workload for over 2 years in simulation of E. coli. Possessing the correct amount of data is essential for the success of the program. Since the program integrates information on known pathways and interactions, these types of simulations are only useful for organism whose essential biochemical pathways have largely been elucidated.

In the original publicationP. Petrenko-Kritschenko "Über die Kondensation des Acetondicarbonsäureesters mit Aldehyden, Ammoniak und Aminen" Journal für Praktische Chemie Volume 85, Issue 1, pages 1–37, 20 May 1912; diethyl-α- ketoglurate, a derivative of acetonedicarboxylic acid, is used in combination with ammonia and benzaldehyde. The relative stereochemistry was not elucidated in the original publication, structural analysis using X-rays or NMR was not available in these days. In the absence of ammonia or ammonium salts a 4-oxotetrahydropyran is formed.

In 2013 she received the FASEB Excellence in Science Award. Orr-Weaver's research concerns the cell cycle and delves into both normal and abnormal aspects of cell division regulation in such diseases as cancer and certain birth defects. She and her collaborators have particularly elucidated the way the cell cycle is coordinated with development. They have shown that cortex protein specifically triggers the anaphase-promoting complex in ovaries and the degradation of cortex protein following egg-activation is strictly controlled.

Though Wee1 is a fairly conserved negative regulator of mitotic entry, no general mechanism of cell size control in G2 has yet been elucidated. Biochemically, the end of G2 phase occurs when a threshold level of active cyclin B1/CDK1 complex, also known as Maturation promoting factor (MPF) has been reached. The activity of this complex is tightly regulated during G2. In particular, the G2 checkpoint arrests cells in G2 in response to DNA damage through inhibitory regulation of CDK1.

The Rabbis taught in a Baraita that a Sage could annul a vow retroactively.Babylonian Talmud Ketubot 74b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Mendy Wachsman, Abba Zvi Naiman, and Eliahu Shulman, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, and Mordechai Marcus Hersh Goldwurm (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2000), volume 27, page 74b. The Sifre asked why set forth the effectiveness of nazirite vows, when the general rule of would suffice to teach that all vows — including nazirite vows — are binding.

Babylonian Talmud Menachot 110a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Elucidated by Yosef Davis, Eliezer Herzka, Abba Zvi Naiman, Zev Meisels, Noson Boruch Herzka, and Avrohom Neuberger, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 60, page 110a3–4. And Rabbi Isaac asked why the meal- offering was distinguished in that uses the word "soul" (, nefesh) to refer to the donor of a meal-offering, instead of the usual "man" (, adam, in or , ish, in ) used in connection with other sacrifices.

Then she sat at the entrance of their tent and loosened her hair, so that whoever came to summon him saw her and retreated at the sight of her immodestly loosened hair. The Gemara taught that refers to On's wife when it says: "Every wise woman builds her house."Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 109b–10a. In, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Asher Dicker, Joseph Elias, and Dovid Katz; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 49, pages 109b4–10a1.

Normal urine contains chelating agents, such as citrate, that inhibit the nucleation, growth, and aggregation of calcium-containing crystals. Other endogenous inhibitors include calgranulin (an S-100 calcium-binding protein), Tamm–Horsfall protein, glycosaminoglycans, uropontin (a form of osteopontin), nephrocalcin (an acidic glycoprotein), prothrombin F1 peptide, and bikunin (uronic acid-rich protein). The biochemical mechanisms of action of these substances have not yet been thoroughly elucidated. However, when these substances fall below their normal proportions, stones can form from an aggregation of crystals.

Systematically analyzing more than 50,000 tumour genomes has elucidated new cancer genes and pathways, opening up new pursuits for pharmaceutical companies. Researchers have also discovered general trends on different types of cancer that may inform public education on proactive preventative measures. For example, more somatic mutations in coding regions are found in carcinogen-exposed cancers than in pediatric tumours and leukemia. Although these systematic studies provide extensive mutational data on coding regions, information is limited on somatic mutations in non-coding regions.

Babylonian Talmud Chullin 131b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Mendy Wachsman, Eliezer Herzka, Michoel Weiner, and Yosef Davis, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2003), volume 64, page 131b4 and note 39. The Jerusalem Talmud reported that Rav Idi in the name of Rabbi Isaac taught that includes the words, “As the Lord commanded him,” to teach that the High Priest was required to read as part of the Yom Kippur service.Jerusalem Talmud Yoma 47b (7:1), in, e.g.

But that is not how it is with Israel. Rather, on the day of their trial, they wear white, wrap themselves in white, and shave their beards and eat, drink, and rejoice, for they know that God does miracles for them.Jerusalem Talmud Rosh Hashanah 9b (1:3), in, e.g., Talmud Yerushalmi, elucidated by Gershon Hoffman, Mordechai Smilowitz, Yehuda Jaffa, Mordechai Stareshefsky, Chaim Ochs, and Abba Zvi Naiman, edited by Chaim Malinowitz, Yisroel Simcha Schorr, and Mordechai Marcus (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2012), volume 24, pages 9b2–3.

Radial spokes are believed to interact with both the central pair microtubules and the dynein arms, perhaps in a way that maintains the rhythmic activation of the dynein motors. For example, one of the radial spoke subunits, RSP3, is an anchor protein predicted to hold another protein called protein kinase A (PKA). PKA would theoretically then be able to activate/inactivate the adjacent dynein arms via its kinase activity. However, the identities and functions of the many radial spoke subunits are just beginning to be elucidated.

Merriam's pocket mouse (Perognathus merriami) is a species of rodent in the family Heteromyidae. It is found in northeast Mexico and New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas in the United States. Its habitat is shortgrass prairie, desert areas with scrub and arid shrubland. The species is named to honor Clinton Hart Merriam, a biologist who first described several other members of the genus Perognathus, and first elucidated the principle of a "life zone" as a means of characterizing ecological areas with similar plant and animal communities.

According to a senior editor on the project, Rabbi Eliezer Herzka: "His role was to learn through the sugya [topic] with the ArtScroll commentary to probe it to find its weak points". Herzka explained that Malinowitz's knowledge of the Talmud was so broad that he would know when the present sugya inadequately covered important opinions by the classic Talmudic commentators that were cited in similar sugyas elsewhere in Talmud. Nothing was considered final until Malinowitz approved the finished draft. Malinowitz also worked on ArtScroll's elucidated Mishnah project.

The PSST subunit encoded by the NDUSF7 gene is one of over 40 subunits involved in the transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone. Specifically, it is thought that the PSST subunit directly couples electron transfer between the iron- sulfur cluster N2 and ubiquinone, along with ubiquinone-binding ND1. Functional evidence for the importance of PSST has been garnered from mutational studies in the obligate aerobic yeast, Yarrow lipolytic, which elucidated a central role in proton translocation that was reduced in mutant forms of the subunit.

He is also a Doctor of the Church, most remembered theologically for issuing the Tome of Leo, a document which was a major foundation to the debates of the Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon. The Council of Chalcedon, the fourth ecumenical council, dealt primarily with Christology, and elucidated the orthodox definition of Christ's being as the hypostatic union of two natures, divine and human, united in one person, "with neither confusion nor division". It was followed by a major schism associated with Monophysitism, Miaphysitism and Dyophysitism.

Crosstalk between Rev-erbα and RORα likely acts to fine-tune their target physiologic networks, such as circadian rhythms, metabolic homeostasis, and inflammation. Rev-erbα mRNA is induced during adipogenesis and is highly expressed in adipose tissue. One study reported that overexpression of Rev-erbα may enhance adipogenesis in cultured mouse adipocytes, but the mechanism of this effect remains to be elucidated. More recently, a study showed that the deletion of Rev-erbα in mice alters glucose and lipid metabolism and leads to obesity.

Despite not being fully elucidated, vaults have been associated with the nuclear pore complexes and their octagonal shape appears to support this. Vaults have been implicated in a broad range of cellular functions including nuclear-cytoplasmic transport, mRNA localization, drug resistance, cell signaling, nuclear pore assembly, and innate immunity. The three vault proteins (MVP, VPARP, and TEP1) have each been knocked out individually and in combination (VPARP and TEP1) in mice. All of the knockout mice are viable and no major phenotypic alterations have been observed.

For says (about Bezalel), "And He has filled him with the spirit of God, in wisdom and in understanding, and in knowledge," and says (about creation), "The Lord by wisdom founded the earth; by understanding He established the heavens," and says, "By His knowledge the depths were broken up."Babylonian Talmud Berakhot 55a. Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Yosef Widroff, Mendy Wachsman, Israel Schneider, and Zev Meisels; edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 2, page 55a3. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1997. .

In 1956, Watson accepted a position in the Biology department at Harvard University. His work at Harvard focused on RNA and its role in the transfer of genetic information. He championed a switch in focus for the school from classical biology to molecular biology, stating that disciplines such as ecology, developmental biology, taxonomy, physiology, etc. had stagnated and could progress only once the underlying disciplines of molecular biology and biochemistry had elucidated their underpinnings, going so far as to discourage their study by students.

Mishnah Arakhin 5:6, in, e.g., The Mishnah: A New Translation, translated by Jacob Neusner, pages 816–17; Babylonian Talmud Arakhin 21a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Mendy Wachsman, Feivel Wahl, Yosef Davis, Henoch Moshe Levin, Israel Schneider, Yeshayahu Levy, Eliezer Herzka, Dovid Nachfolger, Eliezer Lachman, and Zev Meisels, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2004), volume 67, page 21a4. And the Mishnah taught that the intention of the priest conducting the sacrifice determined whether the offering would prove valid.

The three verses taken together taught that all sides of the Temple court were fit for performing sacrifices of lesser sanctity.Babylonian Talmud Zevachim 55a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Moshe Einhorn, Henoch Moshe Levin, Michoel Weiner, Shlomo Fox-Ashrei, and Abba Zvi Naiman, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz, volume 56, page 55a. The Gemara deduced from the words "And the priest shall make it smoke" in that the priest must not mix portions of one sacrifice with those of another.

Babylonian Talmud Bava Batra 89a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Bava Basra: Volume 2, elucidated by Yosef Asher Weiss, volume 45, page 89a2. Reading , Rabbi Levi taught that blessed actions bless those who are responsible for them, and cursed actions curse those who are responsible for them. The Midrash interpreted the words of , "A perfect and just weight you shall have," to mean that if one acts justly, one will have something to take and something to give, something to buy and something to sell.

Hysterectomy reduces the risk, and removal of both Fallopian tubes and ovaries (bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy) dramatically reduces the risk of not only ovarian cancer but breast cancer as well. This is still a topic of research, as the link between hysterectomy and lower ovarian cancer risk is controversial. The reasons that hysterectomy may be protective have not been elucidated as of 2015. A diet that includes large amounts of carotene, fiber, and vitamins with low amounts of fat—specifically, a diet with non-starchy vegetables (e.g.

Folch showed that the amount of carbon and of amines were not consistent with Thudichum's formula. This research led to Folch's first publication on brain lipids in 1941 and was followed over a period of several years by a series of famous papers showing that cephalin was not a single lipid but rather a mixture of three lipids (phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl serine, and inositol). Folch was the first to have elucidated the structure of phosphatidyl serine. Furthermore, he isolated subsequently mono-, di- and triphosphoinositides.

Immunoproteomics is and has been used to increase scientific understanding of both autoimmune disease pathology and progression. Using biochemical techniques, gene and ultimately protein expression can be measured with high fidelity. With this information, the biochemical pathways causing pathology in conditions such as multiple sclerosis and Crohn's disease can potentially be elucidated. Serum antibody identification in particular has proven to be very useful as a diagnostic tool for a number of diseases in modern medicine, in large part due to the relatively high stability of serum antibodies.

Tetanus was well known to ancient people who recognized the relationship between wounds and fatal muscle spasms. In 1884, Arthur Nicolaier isolated the strychnine-like toxin of tetanus from free-living, anaerobic soil bacteria. The etiology of the disease was further elucidated in 1884 by Antonio Carle and Giorgio Rattone, two pathologists of the University of Turin, who demonstrated the transmissibility of tetanus for the first time. They produced tetanus in rabbits by injecting pus from a person with fatal tetanus into their sciatic nerves.

In this way, phytoplankton functions as the foundation of the marine food web by supporting all other life in the ocean. The second central process in the marine food web is the microbial loop. This loop degrades marine bacteria and archaea, remineralises organic and inorganic matter, and then recycles the products either within the pelagic food web or by depositing them as sediment on the seafloor.Heinrichs, M.E., Mori, C. and Dlugosch, L. (2020) "Complex Interactions Between Aquatic Organisms and Their Chemical Environment Elucidated from Different Perspectives".

Lewin's group has also studied immune reconstitution after antiretroviral treatment begins, exposing some of the factors associated with faster reconstitution and has demonstrated7 a link between immune reconstitution and variants in the IL-7R gene. Lewin's research has elucidated some of the basic immunology of Hepatitis B infection alone and in co-infection with HIV. Ongoing research is providing a deeper understanding of the clinical consequences of co-infection with Hepatitis B and HIV, both in Australian participants and through a long-standing collaboration with Thai researchers.

Alternatively, Rav Hisda said (or some say it was taught in a Baraita) that the words, "and the Lord built the rib," teach that God built Eve after the fashion of a storehouse, narrow at the top and broad at the bottom so as to hold the produce safely. So Rav Hisda taught that a woman is narrower above and broader below so as better to carry children.Babylonian Talmud Berakhot 61a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Berachos: Volume 2, elucidated by Yosef Widroff, et al.

Cain leads Abel to death (watercolor circa 1896–1902 by James Tissot) Rav taught that the evil inclination resembles a fly, which dwells between the two entrances of the heart, as says, "Dead flies make the ointment of the perfumers fetid and putrid." But Samuel said that the evil inclination is a like a kind of wheat (, chitah), as says, "Sin (, chatat) couches at the door."Babylonian Talmud Berachot 61a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Berachos: Volume 2, elucidated by Yosef Widroff, et al.

In 1797 he published his Treatise on the Culture of the Apple and Pear, and on the Manufacture of Cider and Perry, a work which passed through several editions. He was one of the leading students of horticulture in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, but his personal papers disappeared after his death. Knight performed basic physiological experiments on plants, which work had been performed before only rarely. He elucidated the effects of gravity on seedlings and how decay in fruit trees was passed on by grafting.

Rabbi Johanan interpreted the words of , "Blessed shall you be when you come in, and blessed shall you be when you go out," to mean that your exit from the world would be as your entry to it — and just as you entered the world without sin, so would you leave it without sin.Babylonian Talmud Bava Metzia 107a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli: Tractate Bava Metzia: Volume 3, elucidated by Shlomo Fox-Ashrei, et al., volume 43, page 107a; see also Deuteronomy Rabbah 7:5, in, e.g.

Gasser presently holds a professorship at the University of Basel and runs a research laboratory at the FMI. From 1986 to 2001, Gasser led a research group at the Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research. There she discovered and documented the clustering of yeast telomeres at the nuclear envelope, and elucidated the role of this subnuclear distribution in heritable gene repression using a combined genetic and fluorescence microscopy approach. From 2001 to 2004, Gasser was a professor of Molecular Biology at the University of Geneva.

In 2006, he wrote "Web Shinkaron", in which he elucidated the rapid changes then happening in the IT industry, mainly from Silicon Valley. The book became a best-seller, appealing to both experts and laypeople of the industry with clear and well-structured explanations, and he successively went on to write "Web Jidai wo Yuku (2007)" and "Web Jidai Itsutsu no Teiri (2008)". The trilogy sold more than 800,000 copies in total, and his voice and insights regarding the IT industry are still most valued in Japan.

Although sceattas present many problems of organization, attribution, and dating, they also carry a breathtaking variety of designs bespeaking extensive Celtic, classical, and Germanic influences. These designs include human figures, animals, birds, crosses, plants, and monsters, all of which have been recently elucidated by Anna Gannon. Tony Abramson has published an illustrated guide for nonexperts. One series (U), has been linked to King Aethelbald of Mercia (716-57) on the basis of its iconography, though this attribution is tenuous and recent research suggests it is very unlikely.

6–7; Bruce-Mitford 1975, pp. 688ff. Also, some descriptions of the removal of artefacts in the chamber do not tally with the evidence of photographs taken during the excavations: the whetstone was half upright, and was left semi- exposed for some time, not as described on pages 163–5: and the purse lid was carefully cleaned down among the other gold items in the surrounding assemblage, and their relationships elucidated by the Piggotts, not "prised out" as described on pages 150–51.Bruce-Mitford 1975, pp.

Otherwise known as the village/town-crier, the tangsam is the official spokesmen of the village. Dr. T.S. Gangte elucidated that the Tangsam has a prestigious role and the range of his chores is expansive. He is conferred with the duty to inform all the Siehmang Upa when and where the village council is to meet, and also to apprise the villagers of the outcome of the council's deliberations. For all his contributions, the villagers repay him with a tin of paddy each annually.

However his sons, impressed by the flow and content of the song, ventured to include it in the third volume. Incidentally, his son V.S.C, who had inherited the same love for Tiruppukal, made further contributions by presenting Murukan Vēl Panniry Tirumurai along the same lines as Saiva Tirumurais, wherein the meanings and commentaries for all of Arunagirinatha's works are elucidated. This was published in six volumes during 1952-57. The twelfth Tirumurai (corresponding to Periyappurānam) called "Ceytontar Purānam" was composed by Tenur Cokkalingam Pillai.

However his two major projects were at the Hod HillHod Hill: Excavations carried out between 1951 and 1958 for the Trustees of the British Museum, British Museum Iron Age hillfort where he elucidated the Roman fort that was inserted into one corner, and then at InchtuthilL.F.Pitts, J.K.St Joseph. Inchtuthil, The Roman Legionary Fortresss, Britannnia Monograph series 6, 1985 near Perth in Scotland, the legionary fortress occupied during Agricola's advance into Scotland. He also wrote a highly successful book on Roman Britain for the Penguin series.

Structural model of a coronavirus Viruses cannot be seen normally with light microscopes. It was only with the development of electron microscopy that viruses could be visualised and structurally elucidated. Reginald L. Reagan, Jean E. Hauser, Mary G. Lillie, and Arthur H. Craige Jr. of the University of Maryland were the first to describe the structure of coronavirus using the transmission electron microscopy. In 1948, they reported in The Cornell Veterinarian that IBV was spherical in shape and some of them had filamentous projections.

These β interactions are mediated mainly by salt bridges and hydrophobic interactions between conserved alpha helices whose disruption by mutation damages the proteasome's ability to assemble. The assembly of the half-proteasomes, in turn, is initiated by the assembly of the α subunits into their heptameric ring, forming a template for the association of the corresponding pro-β ring. The assembly of α subunits has not been characterized. Only recently, the assembly process of the 19S regulatory particle has been elucidated to considerable extent.

In molecular biology the protein domain, Siah interacting protein N-terminal domain is found at the N-terminal of the protein, Siah interacting protein (SIP). It has a helical hairpin structure with a hydrophobic core which is further stabilised by an arrangement of side chains contributed by the two amphipathic helices. The function of this domain remains to be fully elucidated, but it is known to be vital for interactions with Siah. It has also been hypothesised that SIP can dimerise through this N-terminal domain.

More specifically, the N-terminal domain of the SIP protein is a dimerisation domain. Its precise function is yet to be elucidated. More recent studies have shown that when the N-terminal domain is shortened, or in other words truncated by a nonsense mutation, it results in an increase in the import of SIP into the nucleus and enhances its proapoptotic effect (programmed cell death). These findings indicate that the SIP protein and in particular the N-terminal domain may provide important information about drug resistance.

Melvin Calvin and Andrew Benson, along with James Bassham, elucidated the path of carbon assimilation (the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle) in plants. The carbon reduction cycle is known as the Calvin cycle, which ignores the contribution of Bassham and Benson. Many scientists refer to the cycle as the Calvin-Benson Cycle, Benson-Calvin, and some even call it the Calvin-Benson- Bassham (or CBB) Cycle. Nobel Prize-winning scientist Rudolph A. Marcus was able to discover the function and significance of the electron transport chain.

Babylonian Talmud Bava Batra 120a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Yosef Asher Weiss, edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 46, page 120a. According to the Gemara, they demonstrated their wisdom by raising their case in a timely fashion, just as Moses was expounding the law of levirate marriage, or yibbum, and they argued for their inheritance by analogy to that law. Reading the Mishnah taught these rules for the order of inheritance: the son preceded the daughter, and the son's offspring preceded the daughter.

But God, who knows what will happen in the future, mourned for the world before its destruction. The Gemara noted, however, that there are those who say that the seven days before the Flood were days of mourning for Methuselah (who died just before the Flood).Jerusalem Talmud Moed Katan 17a, in, e.g., Talmud Yerushalmi, elucidated by Chaim Ochs, Avrohom Neuberger, Mordechai Smilowitz, and Mendy Wachsman, edited by Chaim Malinowitz, Yisroel Simcha Schorr, and Mordechai Marcus (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2012), volume 28, page 17a3–4.

The Gemara then questioned whether the words "they shall stumble one upon another" in do not teach that one will stumble through the sin of the other, that all are held responsible for one another. The Gemara answered that the vicarious responsibility of which speaks is limited to those who have the power to restrain their fellow from evil but do not do so.Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 27b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Asher Dicker and Abba Zvi Naiman, edited by Hersh Goldwurm, volume 47, page 27b.

He is a co-founder of two start-up companies, Orbit Discovery and of Quadrucept Bio. His research has focussed on antibody and T cell receptor gene diversity, gene rearrangement and aberrant rearrangement of chromosomes (chromosomal translocations) in cancer. He pioneered the method of cDNA cloning, an approach universally used in bioscience and biotechnology, and elucidated the organization, diversity and rearrangement of human antibody genes, which defined the building blocks for construction of therapeutic antibody repertoires. He also pioneered chimaeric antibodies (with the late Michael Neuberger).

Currently, PPIA expression is highly correlated with cancer pathogenesis, but the specific mechanisms remain to be elucidated. PPIA overexpression has been associated with hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. The protein can also interact with several HIV proteins, including p55 gag, Vpr, and capsid protein, and has been shown to be necessary for the formation of infectious HIV virions. As a result, PPIA contributes to viral diseases such as AIDS, hepatitis C, measles, and influenza A.

The heretic then asked why then says, "he will not pardon your transgression." Rav Idit answered that indeed Metatron has no authority to forgive sins, and the Israelites would not accept him even as a messenger, for reports that Moses told God, "If Your Presence does not go with me, do not carry us up from here."Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 38b, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by Asher Dicker and Abba Zvi Naiman, edited by Hersh Goldwurm (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1993), volume 47, page 38b.

The Torah: With Rashi's Commentary Translated, Annotated, and Elucidated. Translated and annotated by Yisrael Isser Zvi Herczeg, volume 4, page 91. The first page of the Zohar The Zohar compared Moses to Noah and found Moses superior. For when God told Moses in "Now therefore let me alone, that My anger may grow hot against them, and that I may consume them; and I will make of you a great nation," Moses immediately asked whether he could possibly abandon Israel for his own advantage.

And other Rabbis counseled that prohibits taking actions that would make one's spouse unattractive. Thus Rav Judah said in the name of Rav that requires a man not to become engaged to a woman before he sees her, lest he subsequently see something in her that might make her repulsive to him.Babylonian Talmud Kiddushin 41a, in, e.g., Talmud Bavli, elucidated by David Fohrman, Dovid Kamenetsky, and Michoel Weiner, edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr and Chaim Malinowitz (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2001), volume 37, pages 41a2.

This condition was first described in 1954 by Janeway, who reported five cases of the disease in children. In 1957 it was further characterized as "a fatal granulomatosus of childhood". The underlying cellular mechanism that causes chronic granulomatous disease was discovered in 1967, and research since that time has further elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease. Use of antibiotic prophylaxis, surgical abscess drainage, and vaccination led to the term "fatal" being dropped from the name of the disease as children survived into adulthood.