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1000 Sentences With "conjectured"

How to use conjectured in a sentence? Find typical usage patterns (collocations)/phrases/context for "conjectured" and check conjugation/comparative form for "conjectured". Mastering all the usages of "conjectured" from sentence examples published by news publications.

"I don't think they were ever home together at night," Singer conjectured.
It&aposs also conjectured that her six children have kept her busy.
He found the same eight solutions, and conjectured that there are no more.
The result is a strange alchemy of imagined past, misunderstood present, and weirdly conjectured future.
Tsirelson conjectured that the tensor product and commuting operator models of entanglement were roughly equivalent.
He conjectured that critical materials respect a group of symmetries called "conformal symmetries," including, most importantly, scale symmetry.
Nowell conjectured that evolutionary forces drive certain cell populations in tumors to become progressively more malignant over time.
"Some media outlets and others have conjectured that Sheila was the victim of a 'probable suicide,'" the statement said.
Despite the ongoing investigation, some media outlets and others have conjectured that Sheila was the victim of a 'probable suicide.
Bennett conjectured that these eleven solutions (the eight with integer exponents and the three with fractional exponents) are the only ones.
Dr Ma and her colleagues conjectured that inserting the CRISPR-Cas9 molecules into the egg simultaneously with the sperm might help.
Hours earlier, Cavallari uploaded an Instagram picture of herself holding what some could have conjectured to be a small baby bump.
"Despite the ongoing investigation, some media outlets and others have conjectured that Sheila was the victim of a 'probable suicide,'" he said.
Richards says he has conjectured a few inequalities that extend the GCI, and which he might now try to prove using Royen's approach.
Fed researchers recently conjectured that the central bank should convince the public it was shooting for 3 percent in order to get two percent.
This astounding fact was proven in 2002 by Preda Mihailescu (though it was already conjectured to be true 160 years earlier, by Eugene Catalan).
They conjectured in the Journal of High Energy Physics that space-time itself is a code—in anti-de Sitter (AdS) universes, at least.
He conjectured that if you start with a positive whole number and run this process long enough, all starting values will lead to 1.
"People always conjectured this was the case," particularly for very complex quantum circuits, said Ashley Montanaro, an expert in quantum algorithms at the University of Bristol.
In 1992, Noam Nisan of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Mario Szegedy, now of Rutgers University, conjectured that sensitivity does indeed fit into this framework.
Duffin and Schaeffer conjectured that those two outcomes correspond exactly to whether your sequence can approximate virtually all irrational numbers with the demanded precision, or virtually none.
For a long time, natural historians conjectured that the first cats may have been survivors of Dutch shipwrecks or stowaways with Indonesian trepangers in the 260th century.
He conjectured that each particle is composed of other particles, and those others are held together by exchanging the first particle in a process that conveys a force.
As part of this work, a mathematician named Alain Connes conjectured in 1976 that it should be possible to approximate many infinite-dimensional matrices with finite-dimensional ones.
The researchers conjectured that these organic materials were cooked up inside the hot, rocky and fragmented core of Enceladus, which prior work suggested had water seeping through its pores.
The British physicist and mathematician Sir Roger Penrose conjectured in 20063 that visible or "naked" singularities are actually forbidden from forming in nature, in a kind of cosmic censorship.
Isler conjectured that we had Carola Rackete to thank—and that Muscat, less fond of headlines than Salvini, didn't want to risk a repeat of her standoff in Lampedusa.
We conjectured a while ago that it might not be long until we had ourselves a third album announcement from singer/songwriter/musician/probable genius Torres, and we were correct.
Hawking and Loeb are trying to peel back through the conjectured mathematical infinity, and show which kinds of universes can pop into existence and which may be able to harbor observers.
His unification moment was first conjectured famously while he was sitting having afternoon tea under an apple tree in Woolsthorpe, when out of the blue an apple fell on his head.
Theoretical papers started flowing immediately, suggesting, among other things, that the new particle might be a cousin of the Higgs — good for supersymmetry — or a graviton, the conjectured quantum carrier of gravity.
It can be conjectured that, when he saw Munch's retrospective in 1950, it touched a nerve that he would have the capacity to revisit only as a seasoned artist in middle age.
When the novel Primary Colors, a roman à clef about Clinton's 1992 campaign, was published in January of that year, political and journalistic insiders conjectured about the identity of the anonymous author.
In fact, some in the Chinese business community have even conjectured that Ross's experiences in manufacturing and the global supply chain could make him a more moderate voice on China within the Trump administration.
But Vafa and his coauthors conjectured in a paper this summer that in order to exist by the rules of string theory, our universe must have a dark energy field whose value is decreasing.
Later, Einstein conjectured, with a highly mathematical theory called general relativity, that gravity also affects the rate of ticking of clocks: A clock in strong gravity ticks more slowly than one in weak gravity.
As President-elect Donald Trump nominates members of his cabinet, some have conjectured about what U.S. Attorney General appointee Jeff Sessions, a Republican senator from Alabama, might mean for the future of the cannabis industry.
Jonathan's therapist saw him for several months and conjectured that he was projecting rage at his mother onto his wife, or that he had a fear of abandonment owing to insecure attachments as a child.
Some are applying the bootstrap to get a handle on an especially symmetric "superconformal" field theory known as the (2,0) theory, which plays a role in string theory and is conjectured to exist in six dimensions.
Written before the 85033 Riegle-Neal Act, which paved the way for interstate banking and consolidation at the federal level, a Richmond Fed study conjectured that interstate banking would mean the number of banks would decline.
Ferguson of Princeton, N.J., said it was her family's particular favorite, while Martin Schappeit of Forest, Va., conjectured that the Gaia might have been what wine tasted like back when the ancient Greeks colonized the region.
But the notion of a "grand bargain" with Pyongyang — in which all mutual concerns are simultaneously settled, as the "Perry Process" conjectured back in the 1990s and others have subsequently prophesied — is nothing but a dream.
Before it was a statement about convex symmetrical shapes, the GCI was conjectured in 1959 by the American statistician Olive Dunn as a formula for calculating "simultaneous confidence intervals," or ranges that multiple variables are all estimated to fall in.
The Daily Beast's Spencer Ackerman and Kevin Poulsen reconfirmed what US intelligence had conjectured: that Guccifer 4003 was not the lone Romanian hacker he claimed to be, and was instead a front for the Russian military intelligence agency known as GRU.
My (admittedly completely conjectured) theory: When you have someone driving you to the point of distraction to be perfect all the time, and spoiled clients who expect it so that the top guy can continue to make his millions, you get jaded.
Second, in that same paper Schönhage and Strassen conjectured that there should be an even faster algorithm than the one they found—a method that needs only n × log n single-digit operations—and that such an algorithm would be the fastest possible.
Dunn, generalizing an inequality posed three years earlier, conjectured the following: The probability that both Gaussian random variables will simultaneously fall inside the rectangular region is always greater than or equal to the product of the individual probabilities of each variable falling in its own specified range.
We were all struck by the number of rye brands available now, and, with roughly 1,300 craft distillers in the country today making everything from gin to whiskey, up from maybe a dozen 10 years ago, we conjectured that many consumers may be overwhelmed with choices.
What if, they conjectured, the ''road'' isn't a single wave reflecting back and forth between every possible combination of atolls and islands; what if it is the path you take if you keep your vessel at 90 degrees to the strongest swell flowing between neighboring bodies of land?
Last month in Boston, Yellen delivered a major economic address in which she conjectured that the damage done by the 2008-9 financial crisis to the U.S. economy might require the Fed to pursue a "high-pressure" policy that risked faster inflation in order to spur investment, hiring and higher wages.
He was reportedly a boy (and later a man) of exceptional good looks and grace, and art historians have conjectured that he might have posed for Verrocchio's delicate, curly-haired bronze David, described by Isaacson as "a slightly effeminate and strikingly pretty boy of about fourteen," whose face bears the hint of a smile.
Original story reprinted with permission from Quanta Magazine, an editorially independent division of the Simons Foundation whose mission is to enhance public understanding of science by covering research developments and trends in mathematics and the physical and life sciences Mathematicians have been studying sphere packings since at least 1611, when Johannes Kepler conjectured that the densest way to pack together equal-sized spheres in space is the familiar pyramidal piling of oranges seen in grocery stores.
Weight can also be used to sort periods into different types: All periods of weight 0 are conjectured to be algebraic numbers, which can be the solutions to polynomial equations (this has not been proved); the period of a pendulum always has a weight of 1; pi is a period of weight 2; and the weights of values of the Riemann zeta function are always twice the input (so the zeta function evaluated at 3 has a weight of 6).
The theorem was first conjectured by . It was proved by .
Julia Say has conjectured that this is how the manuscript reached Scotland.
However, it is generally conjectured that P ≠ NP ∩ coNP, and so TFNP ≠ FP.
It has been conjectured that there are infinitely many regular primes. More precisely conjectured that e−1/2, or about 60.65%, of all prime numbers are regular, in the asymptotic sense of natural density. Neither conjecture has been proven to date.
It has also been conjectured that Hanks may have been a distant relative to Abraham Lincoln.
Poonen has conjectured that cannot have rational periodic points of any period strictly larger than three.
Recently K-theory has been conjectured to classify the spinors in compactifications on generalized complex manifolds.
The author conjectured rightly that the word had reference to bell-ringing, but mislook the application.
They also conjectured that Rush Hour is still nontrivial when the cars are of size 1 only.
There has been much research on Hamiltonicity of cubic graphs. In 1880, P.G. Tait conjectured that every cubic polyhedral graph has a Hamiltonian circuit. William Thomas Tutte provided a counter-example to Tait's conjecture, the 46-vertex Tutte graph, in 1946. In 1971, Tutte conjectured that all bicubic graphs are Hamiltonian.
It has been conjectured that yew trees were commonly planted in English churchyards to have readily available longbow wood.
It has been conjectured that all Hecke algebras that are ever needed are mild generalizations of affine Hecke algebras.
This was criticised by . It has also been conjectured that the language could have originally arisen as a creole.
It is conjectured that in fact BPP=P, which is a much stronger statement than the Sipser–Lautemann theorem.
It had been conjectured that 6 cannot be so represented, and Golomb conjectured that there are infinitely many integers which cannot be represented as a difference between two powerful numbers. However, Narkiewicz showed that 6 can be so represented in infinitely many ways such as :6 = 5473 − 4632, and McDaniel showed that every integer has infinitely many such representations (McDaniel, 1982). Erdős conjectured that every sufficiently large integer is a sum of at most three powerful numbers; this was proved by Roger Heath-Brown (1987).
537 and 538 It has been conjectured that the city of Venlo now occupies the site, but without direct proof.
In their paper, Ahlfors and Grunsky conjectured that their upper bounds are actually the true values of B and L.
155 °C with conjectured structures or , and : α-: b. p. 105-110 °C at 0.1 torr. : β-: m. p. 71 °C.
Waldhausen conjectured that every closed orientable 3-manifold has only finitely many Heegaard splittings (up to homeomorphism) of any given genus.
A hydrate is known. It is conjectured to be better described as . There is a report of an hydrate , isomorphic to .
Accelerons are hypothetical subatomic particles postulated to relate the mass of the neutrino to the dark energy conjectured to be responsible for the accelerating expansion of the universe. Accelerons are supposedly postulated at the University of Washington to relate the newfound mass of the neutrino to the dark energy conjectured to be accelerating the expansion of the universe.
The ground state electronic density of an atom is conjectured to be a monotonically decaying function of the distance from the nucleus.
Again, Lang conjectured that a hyperbolic variety is Mordellic and more generally that the complement of the analytic special set is Mordellic.
In mathematical analysis, Zorich's theorem was proved by Vladimir A. Zorich in 1967. The result was conjectured by M. A. Lavrentev in 1938.
Black hole complementarity is a conjectured solution to the black hole information paradox, proposed by Leonard Susskind, Larus Thorlacius, and Gerard 't Hooft.
Additionally, there is a large gap between the conjectured lower bound and the best proven lower bound for randomized and quantum query complexity.
For k = 5 the set of forbidden minors include 78 graphs of Heawood family, and it is conjectured that there are no more.
It is conjectured that natural selection tuned the average connectivity in such a way that the network reaches a sparse graph of connections.
It is conjectured that \mu_k=1 for all k. It is known that \mu_1=\mu_2=\mu_3=\mu_5=1 and that \mu_4\geq 1/4.
Reo Fortune conjectured that no Fortunate number is composite (Fortune's conjecture). A Fortunate prime is a Fortunate number which is also a prime number.
In 1998, Jonathan J. Burtenshaw of GameSpy described the advertising campaign as "petty" and "overly confrontational," and conjectured that the campaign hurt TurboDuo sales.
More generally, on any compact complex manifold, K-stability is conjectured to be equivalent to the existence of constant scalar curvature Kähler metrics (cscK metrics).
It has also been conjectured that the suffix Zedek may have been or become a reference to a Canaanite deity worshipped in pre-Israelite Jerusalem.
One conjectured reason is the high level of strain on their body during their competitive years. He died in Charlottesville, Virginia, on May 26, 1997.
It is conjectured that the Selberg class of series obeys the generalized Riemann hypothesis. The series is named in honor of Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet.
It has been conjectured that the Yunggor may have been a clan of the Ngolokwangga. According to the 2006 Australian census, the Ngolokwangga numbered 37.
Also, they demonstrated that Cairanoolithus was not the eggs of an ornithopod or sauropod and conjectured that it could be the eggs of a nodosaur.
Due to similarities of dimensions, it is conjectured that the remaining cases (dimensions 30, 62 and 126) are related to the Rosenfeld projective planes, which are defined over algebras constructed from the octonions. Specifically, it has been conjectured that there is a construction that takes these projective planes and produces a manifold with nonzero Kervaire invariant in two dimensions lower, but this remains unconfirmed.
Seventeen is the minimum possible number of givens for a sudoku puzzle with a unique solution. This was long conjectured, and was proved in 2012-14.
Edel conjectured that Woolson was in love with James and killed herself in part because of his coldness, but Woolson's biographers have objected to Edel's account.
Farquharson wrote a monograph on the analysis of voting procedures and several papers, including a notable paper with Michael Dummett that conjectured the Gibbard–Satterthwaite theorem.
It is therefore too powerful an argument to have any significance in the philosophy of science, since it does not cast doubt uniquely on conjectured unobservables.
In mathematics, the Malgrange preparation theorem is an analogue of the Weierstrass preparation theorem for smooth functions. It was conjectured by René Thom and proved by .
Because the Ama people were believed to have been fishermen, researchers have conjectured that the goddess was also worshiped for a possible connection to the sea.
Many other important generalizations of Picard's theorem can be obtained from Ahlfors theory. One especially striking result (conjectured earlier by André Bloch) is the Five Island theorem.
They gained the nickname "woobie" later; that term is conjectured to have derived from the name for a child's security blanket in the 1983 movie Mr. Mom.
It has been conjectured that his rapid election was an attempt by the Roman clergy to ensure that the Carolingian emperor Louis the Pious could not interfere.
It is conjectured that the name was conveyed by settlers from Koňákov (Koniaków) who supposedly established (or took part in the process of establishing of) the village.
Nubian mummies studied in the 1990s were found to contain significant levels of tetracycline; the beer brewed at the time was conjectured to have been the source.
It is also conjectured that when b is neither a perfect power nor −4k4 with k positive integer, then there are infinity many base-b repunit primes.
The splay tree is conjectured to have a constant competitive ratio compared to the dynamically optimal tree in all cases, though this has not yet been proven.
In graph theory, the perfect graph theorem of states that an undirected graph is perfect if and only if its complement graph is also perfect. This result had been conjectured by , and it is sometimes called the weak perfect graph theorem to distinguish it from the strong perfect graph theoremThis was also conjectured by Berge but only proven much later by . characterizing perfect graphs by their forbidden induced subgraphs.
In prokaryotes, biosynthetic pathways exist for the tetracyclic steroid framework (e.g. in mycobacteria) – where its origin from eukaryotes is conjectured – and the more-common pentacyclic triterpinoid hopanoid framework.
This so-called 'tribe effect' is conjectured to lead to continued social advantages beyond school, such as access to future in-group benefits in work and wider society.
Koch, noting similarities between 'Crispa' and Ulmus montana rugosa, conjectured (1872) that the latter cultivar, which has "similar but less frizzy leaves", may have arisen from the former.
In number theory, a Wall–Sun–Sun prime or Fibonacci–Wieferich prime is a certain kind of prime number which is conjectured to exist, although none are known.
It is conjectured that the site was once an ancient Buganda shrine. Radio-carbon dating has indicated that the objects found there are approximately a thousand years old.
It has been conjectured that the British Church resembled the Hispanic in baptizing with a single immersion. This form had been allowed by Rome in the case of Iberia.
The theorem is named after Henri Poincaré, who conjectured it in 1883, and Carlo Miranda, who in 1940 showed that it is equivalent to the Brouwer fixed-point theorem..
It is also conjectured that he was the magister militum Nanninus who served the Emperor Magnus Maximus, defeated the Franks, and served as guardian of Magnus' son Flavius Victor.
The beer brewed at that time was conjectured to have been the source. The use of antibiotics in modern medicine began with the discovery of synthetic antibiotics derived from dyes.
No member of Siaspiqa's family has been identified with certainty. The archaeologists Dows Dunham and Laming Macadam conjectured that queen Piankhqewqa, buried in pyramid Nuri 29, may have been his consort.
Hans Jansen, professor at Leyden University, has conjectured that Luxenberg is a Lebanese Christian, whereas François de Blois, writing in the Journal of Quranic Studies, has questioned Luxenberg's knowledge of Arabic.
It is conjectured by some from Cicero's mention of the Cossutianae tabulae, near Caesena, in Gallia Cisalpina, that the Cossutii originally came from that place.Marcus Tullius Cicero, Epistulae ad Familiares, xvi. 27.
Ferocious looking lions are also carved. From the architectural features carved here it is conjectured that this style could be assigned to Narasimhavarman I Mamalla period extending to Narasimhavarman II Rajasimha period.
In July, after borrowing $30 to purchase a suit of clothes, he disappeared. Scharf had a bad heart and it was conjectured that he had died at the age of sixty-five.
Eventually, however, he received a pardon from the King, who, as Gardiner conjectured, was unwilling to send the brother of so staunch a supporter as the Marquis of Winchester to an ignominious death.
137 online. and Filippo Coarelli conjectured that the mythic significance of the Palus Caprae was the reason for siting the Pantheon there.Filippo Coarelli, Il Campo Marzio: dalle origini alla fine della Repubblica (1997).
It is conjectured that a nonsingular EDS contains only finitely many primes M. Einsiedler, G. Everest, and T. Ward. Primes in elliptic divisibility sequences. LMS J. Comput. Math., 4:1-13 (electronic), 2001.
Ruth-Aaron pairs are sparse (that is, they have density 0). This was conjectured by Nelson et al. in 1974Nelson, C.; Penney, D. E.; and Pomerance, C. "714 and 715." J. Recr. Math.
Eriksson et al. conjectured that the true length of the shortest k-superpattern is asymptotic to k2/2. However, this is in contradiction with a conjecture of Alon on random superpatterns described below.
It is conjectured that is normal, meaning that when is expressed in any base the possible digits in that base are uniformly distributed (occur with equal probability in any sequence of given length).
This result was first conjectured by heavy numeric computation. He used Richardson extrapolation, about 200 years earlier than Richardson. He also computated 41 digits of \pi, based on polygon approximation and Richardson extrapolation.
It is conjectured that as the number of sociable number cycles with length greater than 2 approaches infinity, the percentage of the sums of the sociable number cycles divisible by 10 approaches 100%. .
Hugo Hadwiger conjectured in 1956 that every simplex can be dissected into finitely many orthoschemes. The conjecture has been proven in spaces of five or fewer dimensions, but remains unsolved in higher dimensions.
Separately from anything related to Fermat's Last Theorem, in the 1950s and 1960s Japanese mathematician Goro Shimura, drawing on ideas posed by Yutaka Taniyama, conjectured that a connection might exist between elliptic curves and modular forms. These were mathematical objects with no known connection between them. Taniyama and Shimura posed the question whether, unknown to mathematicians, the two kinds of object were actually identical mathematical objects, just seen in different ways. They conjectured that every rational elliptic curve is also modular.
Tests of this conjecture have been made using causal sets generated from sprinklings into flat spacetimes. The proportionality has been shown to hold and is conjectured to hold for sprinklings in curved spacetimes too.
For Queyrel's identification of the various figures, see Fig. 33, pp. 50-51. while their positions are often conjectured on the basis of which gods fought which Giants in Apollodorus' account.Pollitt 1986, p. 109.
"God's Number is 20". Cube20.org Thus 20 is a sharp upper bound on the length of optimal solutions. Mathematician David Singmaster had "rashly conjectured" this number to be 20 in 1980.Singmaster, p.
Meshulam proved that, for every graph G: > \eta_H(I(G))\geq \Psi(G) where \eta_H(I(G)) is the homological connectivity of I(G) plus 2. It is conjectured that this inequality is tight.
J. Math. Soc. Japan, vol. 18, 1966, pp. 219–235 In graph theory the Ihara zeta function has an interpretation, which was conjectured by Jean-Pierre Serre and proved by Toshikazu Sunada in 1985.
It is conjectured that the times between departures, given a departure leaves n customers in a queue, has a mean which as n tends to infinity is different from the intuitive 1/μ result.
Alireza Shayesteh et al conjectured that bacteria, containing the flavoprotein, mercuric reductase, such as Escherichia coli, can in theory reduce soluble mercury compounds to volatile HgH2, which should have a transient existence in nature.
Sat Manzili was originally a seven-storeyed palace but now only five floors exist. It is conjectured that it was a pleasure pavilion built in 1583 during the reign of Ibrahim II Adil Shah.
Oannes was once conjectured to be a form or another name of the ancient Babylonian god Ea. It is now thought that the name is the Greek form of the Babylonian Uanna, an Apkallu.
HeH+ has long been conjectured since the 1970s to exist in the interstellar medium. Its first detection, in the nebula NGC 7027, was reported in an article published in the journal Nature in April 2019.
The coefficients of the Kazhdan–Lusztig polynomials are conjectured to be the dimensions of some homomorphism spaces in Soergel's bimodule category. This is the only known positive interpretation of these coefficients for arbitrary Coxeter groups.
In algebraic topology, the nilpotence theorem gives a condition for an element of the coefficient ring of a ring spectrum to be nilpotent, in terms of complex cobordism. It was conjectured by and proved by .
In arithmetic geometry, the Bombieri–Lang conjecture is a unsolved problem conjectured by Enrico Bombieri and Serge Lang about the Zariski density of the set of rational points of an algebraic variety of general type.
Rota was proposed to be an old Roman game by Elmer Truesdell Merrill in his article "An Old Roman Game" in The Classical Journal (1916). Merrill observed that there were several diagrams scratched into the steps and pavements of Roman buildings in the design of a wheel. He conjectured that they were games and of the tic-tac-toe variety, and conjectured the rules for the game since no rules had been discovered. He also named the game Rota but its actual name is unknown.
It is conjectured that the subdeacon was the future Bonizo of Sutri.Robinson, p. 37., with note 229. Philipp Jaffé expresses his uncertainty in his edition of Bonizo's ad amicum, in: Bibliotheca rerum Germanicarum II, at p.
Jacob Bekenstein had conjectured the proportionality; Hawking confirmed it and established the constant of proportionality at 1/4. Calculations based on string theory, first carried out in 1995, have been found to yield the same result.
Hodierna is an English and French feminine given name derived from Latin, meaning daily. The name has been conjectured to come from the phrase 'Deus cuius hodierna die', in the collects for the Innocents and Epiphany.
Carl von Martius conjectured that it has male and female flowers. Its sepals are 2.25 millimeters long. Its flowers have 6 petals in two rows of three. Its pink, concave, oval petals are 1.8 centimeters long.
It is also conjectured that the process of carbon capture does not reach equilibrium, which along with no need of direct maintenance, makes kauri forests a potentially attractive alternative to short rotation Pinus radiata forests, for example.
A related conjecture that has two forms, equivalent if the André–Oort conjecture is assumed, is the Coleman–Oort conjecture. Robert Coleman conjectured that for sufficiently large g, there are only finitely many smooth projective curves C of genus g, such that the Jacobian variety J(C) is an abelian variety of CM-type. Oort then conjectured that the Torelli locus – of the moduli space of abelian varieties of dimension g – has for sufficiently large g no special subvariety of dimension > 0 that intersects the image of the Torelli mapping in a dense open subset.
W. T. Tutte conjectured that every snark has the Petersen graph as a minor. That is, he conjectured that the smallest snark, the Petersen graph, may be formed from any other snark by contracting some edges and deleting others. Equivalently (because the Petersen graph has maximum degree three) every snark has a subgraph that can be formed from the Petersen graph by subdividing some of its edges. This conjecture is a strengthened form of the four color theorem, because any graph containing the Petersen graph as a minor must be nonplanar.
In 2012 the isolation of the so-called Breslow intermediate was reported.Chemists Approach Elusive Breslow Intermediate Carmen Drahl In 1960, Hans-Werner Wanzlick and co-workers conjectured that carbenes derived from dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene were produced by vacuum pyrolysis of the corresponding 2-trichloromethyl dihydroimidazole compounds with the loss of chloroform. They conjectured that the carbene existed in equilibrium with its dimer, a tetraaminoethylene derivative, the so-called Wanzlick equilibrium. This conjecture was challenged by Lemal and co-workers in 1964, who presented evidence that the dimer did not dissociate; and by Winberg in 1965.
Its crossing number is 170 and has been conjectured to be the smallest cubic graph with this crossing number.Exoo, G. "Rectilinear Drawings of Famous Graphs".Pegg, E. T. and Exoo, G. "Crossing Number Graphs." Mathematica J. 11, 2009.
It has been conjectured that this may suggest the garret changed use, perhaps becoming a recovery ward. In 1962, after 100 years of disuse, the garret and operating theatre were opened to the public as the current museum.
In 1991, Edward Witten conjectured a use of Gromov's theory to define enumerative invariants.Witten, Edward. Two- dimensional gravity and intersection theory on moduli space. Surveys in differential geometry (Cambridge, MA, 1990), 243–310, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, 1991.
Branko Grünbaum has conjectured that every configuration that can be realized by irrational but not rational numbers has at least nine points; if so, the Perles configuration would be the smallest possible irrational configuration of points and lines..
Although other mathematicians had conjectured similar formulae, Dirichlet gave the first rigorous proof. Supplement VI contains Dirichlet's proof that an arithmetic progression of the form a+nd where a and d are coprime contains an infinite number of primes.
For larger forbidden subgraphs, it remains the best known bound, and has been conjectured to be tight. Applications of the Kővári–Sós–Turán theorem include bounding the number of incidences between different types of geometric object in discrete geometry.
Top left: the perimeter of the square, length 4. Top right: The perimeter of the square, less one edge, length 3. Bottom left: the Steiner tree of the vertices, length 1 + . Bottom right: the conjectured optimal solution, length + /2.
A long- standing open problem, posed by Mikhail Gromov, concerns the calculation of the filling area of the Riemannian circle. The filling area is conjectured to be 2, a value attained by the hemisphere of constant Gaussian curvature +1.
It has been conjectured that the owls disappeared with their prey due to climate change, but the giant pikas of Sardinia and Corsica still existed around 1750, finally succumbing to habitat destruction, introduced predatory mammals and overhunting soon thereafter.
The term "lovin' spoonful" has been conjectured as referring to the amount of ejaculate released by a human male during a typical orgasm.Stone, Patricia A. All Things Considered. Hidden Brook Press, 2008, p. 48.Marsh, Dave, and James Bernard.
Meliboea or Meliboia () was a town of Histiaeotis in ancient Thessaly. It was located near Aeginium and Tricca. William Martin Leake conjectured that its site was at the present town of Vasiliki,Leake, Northern Greece vol. iv, p. 536.
304–305, et al. Winckelmann conjectured that an atlantid (the male version of a caryatid), formerly at the Palazzo Farnese, was the work of Diogenes.Winckelmann, The History of Ancient Art, pp. 184–185. The conjecture is labeled as such.
In string theory, the dS/CFT correspondence is a de Sitter space analogue of the AdS/CFT correspondence, proposed originally by Andrew Strominger. In this correspondence, the conjectured CFT boundary is in the future, and time is the emergent dimension.
A soft gamma repeater (SGR) is an astronomical object which emits large bursts of gamma-rays and X-rays at irregular intervals. It is conjectured that they are a type of magnetar or, alternatively, neutron stars with fossil disks around them.
As of early 2013, the club of "friendly" numbers with "abundancy" equal to 9 has 2094 known members. Although some are known to be quite large, clubs of multiply perfect numbers (excluding the perfect numbers themselves) are conjectured to be finite.
Ethyl carbonate esters were described in 1837 by Jean-Baptiste André Dumas (1800-1884) and his assistant Eugène-Melchior Peligot (1811-1890), during their investigation of the nature of sugars (which had been incorrectly conjectured to be the same compounds).
A hypothetical star is a star, or type of star, that is speculated to exist but has yet to be definitively observed. Hypothetical types of stars have been conjectured to exist, have existed or will exist in the future universe.
In mathematics, a Brieskorn–Grothendieck resolution is a resolution conjectured by Alexander Grothendieck, that in particular gives a resolution of the universal deformation of a Kleinian singularity. announced the construction of this resolution, and published the details of Brieskorn's construction.
The piece which should follow Cur Sagittas is lost. Vivaldi scholar Michael Talbot has conjectured that it might precede either the Kyrie RV 587 or a lost setting of the Gloria."Sleeve Notes - Vivaldi Sacred Music, Vol. 8" Michael Talbot. 2002.
The compound has been used in organic synthesis. Reduction of vanadocene dichloride gives vanadocene, (C5H5)2V. Like titanocene dichloride, this organovanadium compound was investigated as a potential anticancer drug. It was conjectured to function by interactions with the protein transferrin.
Syncellus states that Manethon included information from monuments in "the Siriadic land" (variously conjectured to be Assyria, Arabia or Egypt), that had been engraved before the Deluge, but afterward had been translated and stored in hieroglyphic books in Egyptian temples.
Woolrych 1982, pp. 112–113 S. R. Gardiner conjectured that the Council of Officers consulted congregational churches in each county, asking them to send names of suitable candidates for the new assembly.Gardiner, History of the Commonwealth, Vol. II, p. 224.
For this figure, these assets include: a) a battery, b) an alternate tie line source, c) an asymmetric P/Q-conjectured source, d) a distribution static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM), and e) low latency, four quadrant source with no energy limit.
Conjectured form of the phase diagram of QCD matter, with temperature on the vertical axis and quark chemical potential on the horizontal axis, both in mega-electron volts. The phase diagram of quark matter is not well known, either experimentally or theoretically. A commonly conjectured form of the phase diagram is shown in the figure to the right. It is applicable to matter in a compact star, where the only relevant thermodynamic potentials are quark chemical potential μ and temperature T. For guidance it also shows the typical values of μ and T in heavy-ion collisions and in the early universe.
The Miyawaki lift or Ikeda–Miyawaki lift or Miyawaki–Ikeda lift, is a mathematical lift that takes two Siegel modular forms to another Siegel modular form. conjectured the existence of this lift for the case of degree 3 Siegel modular forms, and proved its existence in some cases using the Ikeda lift. Ikeda's construction starts with a Siegel modular form of degree 1 and weight 2k, and a Siegel cusp form of degree r and weight k + n + r and constructs a Siegel form of degree 2n + r and weight k + n + r. The case when n = r = 1 was conjectured by Miyawaki.
In 1990, Paul Seymour conjectured that, in every oriented graph, there always exists at least one vertex v whose second neighborhood is at least as large as its first neighborhood. Equivalently, in the square of the graph, the degree of v is at least doubled. The problem was first published by Nathaniel Dean and Brenda J. Latka in 1995, in a paper that studied the problem on a restricted class of oriented graphs, the tournaments (orientations of complete graphs). Dean had previously conjectured that every tournament obeys the second neighborhood conjecture, and this special case became known as Dean's conjecture.
The Excerpta Latina Barbari, a late 8th-century Latin chronicle, appears to be partly based on the Chronicle., , , Burgess and Dijkstra have conjectured that both texts are based on a common source composed of the Chronographiae of Julius Africanus and the Liber generationis.
Milecastle 68 (Boomby Gill) is a conjectured milecastle of the Roman Hadrian's Wall. The site of the milecastle (adjacent to Boomby Gill) has been calculated from measurement to known milecastle sites, but no remains providing proof of its existence have been identified.
His official cause of death was overwork, but it has been conjectured he might have been suffering from the ailment which claimed the life of Schubert (i.e., syphilis). By the end of his life, he found the sound of the piano unbearable.
The novel The Hunt for Red October describes the use of the SOFAR channel in submarine detection. The conjectured existence of a similar channel in the upper atmosphere, theorized by Dr. Ewing, led to Project Mogul, carried out from 1947 until late 1948.
Syme, p. 171 Following this, he refused to serve under Cassius (unlike Statius Murcus), and temporarily retired from political life.Broughton, p. 347 It has been conjectured that Crispus was the Quintus Marcius who was appointed suffect consul in 36 BC.Broughton III, p.
It can hardly be identified with the bishopric of that name in Sardinia. More likely it was situated somewhere in Egypt, and it has been conjectured that it is the same as Psilka, a city of the Thebaid in the neighbourhood of Syene.
By 1584 he was certainly at the convent of San Francisco, where he assisted in the infirmary. The conjectured date of his priestly ordination is 1587 or 1588.For the various dates cited in this paragraph, see León-Portilla, pp. 21, 23, 24.
Indeed, Nubia had gained its independence during the First Intermediate Period, as indicated by the military campaigns of Mentuhotep II in the region, only 40 years prior to Segerseni's conjectured lifetime.Gae Callender, in: Ian Shaw (edit.), Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, p. 140.
It is conjectured that his father was Darya Khan Lohani. There is a tall cenotaph in an otherwise usual Lodi type tomb. Its location is north of the Ring Road. It is stated to be the earliest dated tomb of the Lodi period.
A gristmill and a sawmill had been built and the settlers owned two sloops. Due to a lack of adequate streams on Maugerville’s alluvial flat, it is conjectured that windmills located at "Windmill Point," situated opposite Middle Island, powered these first mills.
The edge choosability, or list edge colorability, list edge chromatic number, or list chromatic index, ch′(G) of graph G is the least number k such that G is k-edge-choosable. It is conjectured that it always equals the chromatic index.
Birkhäuser, Boston Quasireversibility had been conjectured to be a necessary condition for a product form solution in a queueing network, but this was shown not to be the case. Chao et al. exhibited a product form network where quasireversibility was not satisfied.
It is also conjectured that most hacking attacks can similarly be defeated by modifying the implementation, though there is no formal proof. Several other attacks including faked-state attacks, phase remapping attacks, and time-shift attacksB. Qi, C.-H. F. Fung, H.-K.
Although Delbrück held some anti-reductionist views; he conjectured that ultimately a paradox—akin perhaps to the waveparticle duality of physics—would be revealed about life. His view however, was later refuted upon the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA.
Linton (2004, pp.124,137–38), Saliba (2009, pp.160–65). However, no likely candidate for this conjectured work has come to light, and other scholars have argued that Copernicus could well have developed these ideas independently of the late Islamic tradition.Goddu (2010, pp.
The temple layout consists of a garbhagriha (Nijamandira or Harigraha) and an antarala (an antechamber). It is conjectured that this temple location is 2,500 years old where Krishna had built his city and a temple. However, the existing temple is dated to 16th century.
Buonaparte, 48 hours after landing. John Bull, a national personification of England, holds the head of Napoleon Bonaparte after a conjectured French invasion. 1803 caricature by James Gillray. Though the fleet-test was unsuccessful, Britain continued to be on high alert with defences from invasion.
In contrast T. saginata does not cause cysticercosis. As its life cycle and mode of development are very similar to those of Taenia solium, which is the major cause of neurocysticercosis, a possibility that T. asiatica can cause cysticercosis in humans is highly conjectured.
Micha Perles conjectured that a simple polytope is completely determined by its 1-skeleton; his conjecture was proven in 1987 by Blind and Mani-Levitska. Gil Kalai shortly after provided a simpler proof of this result based on the theory of unique sink orientations.
Art historian John Boardman conjectured that images of the kētos in Central Asia influenced depictions of the Chinese Dragon and Indian makara. They suggest that after contact with silk-road images of the kētos, the Chinese dragon appeared more reptilian and shifted head-shape.
It was conjectured that sometime later, a group of Mexican outlaws took the severed head off the pole, placed it on the ground and took turns defecating on it. This was considered a display of superiority among outlaw gangs in Mexico at the time.
The concept of a semi-abelian category was developed in the 1960s. Raikov conjectured that the notion of a quasi-abelian category is equivalent to that of a semi-abelian category. Around 2005 it turned out that the conjecture is false.Rump, 2011, p. 44f.
In mathematics, the Saito–Kurokawa lift (or lifting) takes elliptic modular forms to Siegel modular forms of degree 2. The existence of this lifting was conjectured in 1977 independently by Hiroshi Saito and . Its existence was almost proved by , and and completed the proof.
She was likely born around 100 BC to a Patrician family. It has been conjectured among some historians, among them Ronald Syme, that she was likely a sister of Aulus Postumius Albinus and the Postumia who was the mother of Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus.
Jantzen (2003), section II.8.22. For any prime p, Simon Riche and Geordie Williamson conjectured the irreducible characters of a reductive group in terms of the p-Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials, which are even more complex, but at least are computable.Riche & Williamson (2018), section 1.8.
The Astugewi potentially did not recognise the water resistance given the smoking process. Garth conjectured that the treating the buckskins with smoke was a recent development, having "a close connection with the introduction of buckskin clothing itself" but lacked direct evidence of this trend.
It has been generalized to theories with gauge invariance and was a central tool in the study of a conjectured deconfining phase transition of Yang–Mills theory. C. W. Bernard, Phys. Rev. D9 (1974) 3312. D.J. Gross, R.D. Pisarski and L.G. Yaffe, Rev. Mod. Phys.
While a conjectured mechanism for decay and death of large vortexes on Neptune is their approach to the equator where the planet has 400 meter per second jet streams, this storm (as well as others) could have also decayed from unexplained mechanisms of Neptune's atmosphere.
Smale conjectured that if M is an oriented smooth closed manifold, the identity component of the group of orientation-preserving diffeomorphisms is simple. This had first been proved for a product of circles by Michel Herman; it was proved in full generality by Thurston.
The Greek historian Strabo (64 BCE–24 CE), on the other hand, conjectured that the Adriatic Veneti were descendant from Celts who in turn were related to later Celtic tribe of the same name who lived on the Belgian coast and fought against Julius Caesar.
Little information exists on this lost work other than its instrumentation (five voices and oboes in trombae) in the Kreuzherren catalogue. There is no other source of information; not even its possible key can be conjectured. In the Ryom-Verzeichnis catalogue, it is considered lost.
It was conjectured, that the Yom Kippur War made the British Military lose the interest in a compact tank powerplant, resulting in governmental subsidies to get cut. It is much more likely though, that designing a working Wankel Diesel engine is simply not possible.
Stephanus Byzantius mentions two cities of this name, one in Lydia (which is conjectured to be Tabala), the other in Caria. LivyPétridès (1912). Cites: Livy XXXVIII, 13. says that it was on the frontier of Pisidia towards the coast of the Gulf of Pamphylia.
However, a 2003 conference encouraged the establishment of new interstate bicycle routes, as well as proposing the extension the two existing ones, 76's western terminus being conjectured on the Oregon coast. Since 2014, the annual Trans Am Bike Race has used the route.
The security of the keystream generation of QUAD is provably reducible to the conjectured intractability of the MQ problem, namely solving a multivariate system of quadratic equations. The first proof was done over field GF(2) for an old-fashioned stream cipher (where the key is the initial state). It was later extended by Berbain and Gilbert in order to take into account the set-up procedure of a modern cipher (with a setup stage deriving the initial state from the key). The security of the whole cipher as a Pseudo Random Function can be related to the conjectured intractability of the MQ problem.
Here, vertices of G are represented by straight line segments and edges of G are represented by intersection points. 240px 240px Scheinerman also conjectured that segments with only three directions would be sufficient to represent 3-colorable graphs, and conjectured that analogously every planar graph could be represented using four directions. If a graph is represented with segments having only k directions and no two segments belong to the same line, then the graph can be colored using k colors, one color for each direction. Therefore, if every planar graph can be represented in this way with only four directions, then the four color theorem follows.
Nina Claire Snaith is a British mathematician at the University of Bristol working in random matrix theory and quantum chaos. In 1998, she and her then adviser Jonathan Keating conjectured a value for the leading coefficient of the asymptotics of the moments of the Riemann zeta function. Keating and Snaith's guessed value for the constant was based on random-matrix theory, following a trend that started with Montgomery's pair correlation conjecture. Keating's and Snaith's work extended works by Conrey, Ghosh and Gonek, also conjectural, based on number theoretic heuristics; Conrey, Farmer, Keating, Rubinstein, and Snaith later conjectured the lower terms in the asymptotics of the moments.
Theoretical chemists have conjectured that higher-order bonds, such as phi bonds corresponding to overlap of f atomic orbitals, are possible. There is as of 2005 only one known example of a molecule purported to contain a phi bond (a U−U bond, in the molecule U2).
Linguist Nakamoto Masachie noted that in some dialects of Yaeyama, gusuku/gushiku means stone walls themselves (not a structure with stone walls) and conjectured that this might be the original meaning of gusuku.Nakamoto Masachie 中本正智. Zusetsu Ryūkyū-go jiten, pp. 358–359, 1981.
Berge conjectured that every Berge graph is perfect, or equivalently that the perfect graphs and the Berge graphs define the same class of graphs. This became known as the strong perfect graph conjecture, until its proof in 2002, when it was renamed the strong perfect graph theorem.
Odogra or Odoga was a town in the district of Chammanene of ancient Cappadocia, between the Halys River and Mount Argaeus, mentioned by Ptolemy. William Smith conjectured it was possibly the same as Ochras. Modern scholars do not accept the equivalence, and treat Odogra as unlocated.
They showed that the representations in a particular range were discrete and conjectured that a representation would be discrete if and only if it was in a specified larger range. This has become known as the Goldman–Parker conjecture and was eventually proven by Richard Schwartz.
It has been conjectured to be part of the route for the Onge expansion into south Great Andaman Island in the wake of the Great Andamanese tribes, around 1890 to 1930.George Weber (~2009), The Tribes. Chapter 8 in The Andamanese . Accessed on 2012-07-03.
Béatrizet was born at Luneville in or before 1520. From his style it has been conjectured that he was a scholar of Ghisi, and of Agostino Veneziano de Musis. From 1540 to 1560 he engraved under the direction of Michelangelo. He died at Rome after 1560.
In mathematics, Ono's inequality is a theorem about triangles in the Euclidean plane. In its original form, as conjectured by T. Ono in 1914, the inequality is actually false; however, the statement is true for acute triangles and right triangles, as shown by F. Balitrand in 1916.
The condition of having no fixed prime divisor is purely local (depending just on primes, that is). In other words, a finite set of irreducible integer-valued polynomials with no local obstruction to taking infinitely many prime values is conjectured to take infinitely many prime values.
There exist conjectured optimal solutions to both of these instances, but we currently lack the tooling to prove that they are optimal. While general solutions to the problem have been claimed by several individuals, they either haven't been peer reviewed or have been demonstrated to be incorrect.
The Decorah crater has been conjectured as being part of the Ordovician meteor event. Several twin impacts have been proposed, such as the Rubielos de la Cérida and Azuara (30–40 Ma), Cerro Jarau and Piratininga (c. 117 Ma), and Warburton East and West (300–360 Ma).
In 1776 the three commissioners of the Fair Play Men were Bratton Caldwell, John Walker, and James Brandon. They are the only commissioners whose names are now known and it is conjectured that they were the only three for the duration of the Fair Play system.
There are related concepts of average crossing number and asymptotic crossing number. Both of these quantities bound the standard crossing number. Asymptotic crossing number is conjectured to be equal to crossing number. Other numerical knot invariants include the bridge number, linking number, stick number, and unknotting number.
Even though no epigraphic evidence is available to date the Satpula, a reasseacrh study report has conjectured that it could be dated to the same time as the four-eyyan Mosque (first of its kind in India) called Jami built by Muhammad bin Tughluq in 1343.
It has been conjectured that oxidation causes polymerization of the acetylide anions in the solid into carbyne-type anions .C(≡C−C≡)nC2− or polycumulene-type anions C(=C=C=)mC4−. Franco Cataldo (1999), From dicopper acetylide to carbyne.Polymer International, volume 48, issue 1, pages 15-22.
It has been conjectured that the mythical karkadann may have an origin in an account from the Mahabharata. The initial portion of Persian kargadan resembles the Sanskrit word "khaRga" for rhinoceros also meaning sword, where "R" represents a retroflex flap sound. The rhinoceros is "sword horned".
In general, a problem in NP is called self-reducible if its function variant can be solved in polynomial time using an oracle deciding the original problem. Every NP- complete problem is self-reducible. It is conjectured that the integer factorization problem is not self-reducible.
The existence of a (narrow) Hilbert class field for a given number field K was conjectured by and proved by Philipp Furtwängler. The existence of the Hilbert class field is a valuable tool in studying the structure of the ideal class group of a given field.
A Raetic variant is conjectured to be at the origin or parallel evolution of the Elder Futhark ᛟ. Omega was also adopted into the Latin alphabet, as a letter of the 1982 revision to the African reference alphabet. It has had little use. See Latin omega.
It is named after Hans Heilbronn, who conjectured prior to 1950 that this smallest triangle area is necessarily at most inversely proportional to the square of the number of points. Heilbronn's conjecture was proven false, but the asymptotic growth rate of the minimum triangle area remains unknown.
Colliot-Thélène, Kanevsky & Sansuc (1987), section 7. Jean-Louis Colliot-Thélène has conjectured that the Brauer–Manin obstruction is the only obstruction to the Hasse principle for cubic surfaces. More generally, that should hold for every rationally connected variety over a number field.Colliot-Thélène (2015), section 6.1.
Gulik and Eubel, p. 321 and n. 3. It is conjectured that Jean was introduced to the French Court and met King Francis for the first time at the wedding of his brother Antoine to Renée de Bourbon on 26 June 1515.Michon, pp. 35–36.
Artin conjectured that p-adic fields were C2, but Guy Terjanian found p-adic counterexamples for all p.Lang (1997) p.247 The Ax–Kochen theorem applied methods from model theory to show that Artin's conjecture was true for Qp with p large enough (depending on d).
Kenny and Cartman return home, but on their first day back at South Park Elementary, a giant Phorusrhacos- esque bird, as Mr. Weatherhead conjectured, rips open the school's roof and eats Kenny, prompting Cartman to burst into tears, once again finding himself the poorest child in school.
Heracleustibus was a populated place, a station in the Jerusalem Itinerary, 11 M. P. from Apollonia in Mygdonia. has conjectured that it is equivalent to Ἡρακλέους στίβος.Tafel, de Viae Egnat. Part. Orient. p. 6. The name comes down to us also in the form of Heracleustes.
Concurrently, Hughes was in the process of severing his relationship with their common literary patron, Charlotte Osgood Mason (Mrs. Rufus Osgood Mason). Reviewers have conjectured that Hurston may have been trying to protect her own relationship with Mason by shunning Hughes.Hemenway, p. 139.Rampersad, pp. 194–196.
Though the Herald featured a wealth of advertisements from local firms, it was ultimately unsuccessful. The exact date that the Herald ceased publication is unknown, but is conjectured to be between 1905 and 1910, when Robinson moved to Cumberland, Maryland to work for the Cumberland Evening Times.
Cyclic polytopes are examples of neighborly polytopes, in that every set of at most d/2 vertices forms a face. They were the first neighborly polytopes known, and Theodore Motzkin conjectured that all neighborly polytopes are combinatorially equivalent to cyclic polytopes, but this is now known to be false...
Lucas conjectured that the only solutions are N = 1, M = 1, and N = 24, M = 70, using either 1 or 4900 cannon balls. It was not until 1918 that G. N. Watson found a proof for this fact, using elliptic functions. More recently, elementary proofs have been published.
He then conjectured that Bin Laden endorsed the book because he sees Israel as a threat to peace in the Middle East; with Walt adding that this is no revolutionary idea.Walt, Stephen M. "What Osama Bin Laden didn't understand about The Israel Lobby." Foreign Policy. 15 September 2009.
For instance, the perfect number 28 = 23 − 1(23 − 1) and the number 136 = 24 − 1(24 + 1) are both this type of polite number. It is conjectured that there are infinitely many Mersenne primes, in which case there are also infinitely many polite numbers of this type.
"Bloody Sunday maker to close". BBC News Online. Retrieved on 24 September 2008. 2003 was a significant year for Harries' drama output; Peter Morgan approached Granada with an idea for a drama documenting the conjectured pact between Tony Blair and Gordon Brown before the 1994 Labour Party leadership election.
It is conjectured that there are infinitely many balanced primes. Three consecutive primes in arithmetic progression is sometimes called a CPAP-3. A balanced prime is by definition the second prime in a CPAP-3. the largest known CPAP-3 has 10546 digits and was found by David Broadhurst.
Odahl, Charles Matson. Constantine and the Christian Empire. New York: Routledge, 2004. p.16 It has been conjectured that he switched allegiances to support the claims of the future emperor Diocletian just before Diocletian defeated Carinus, the son of Carus, at the Battle of the Margus in July 285.
It has been conjectured that the Elizabethan use of "mechanical" (as in e.g. Shakespeare's Midsummer Night's Dream) is a translation of banausos. This is certainly possible -- the earliest recorded use of "mechanical" (OED s.v.) is from John Lyly, who used a linguistic style with many influences from Greek.
A bipartite graph is (a, b)-biregular if everyvertex in one part has degree a and every vertex in the other part has degree b. It has been conjectured that all such graphs have interval colorings. Hansen proved that every bipartite graph G with ∆(G) ≤ 3 is interval colorable.
So far, it has not been adequately explained whether the Old South Arabian Civilization of Yemen was a direct continuation from the Bronze Age, or if at the beginning of the Iron Age groups of people began wandering south from Palestine or North Arabia, as is partly conjectured.
Neither Clement's birthdate or birthplace is known with any degree of certainty. It is conjectured that he was born sometime around 150 A.D. According to Epiphanius Scholasticus, he was born in Athens, but there is also a tradition of an Alexandrian birth.Ferguson (1974), p. 13.Westcott (1877), p. 560.
However, no likely candidate for this conjectured work has yet come to light, and other scholars have argued that Copernicus could well have developed these ideas independently of the late Islamic tradition.Goddu (2010, pp. 261–69, 476–86), Huff (2010, pp. 263–64), di Bono (1995), Veselovsky (1973).
It is believed that the main reason for the macaw's extinction was overhunting. The macaw is extinct, and it is conjectured to have been hunted to extinction in the early 19th century. It was a close relative of the Cuban and Dominican macaws. Its existence is considered dubious today.
In arithmetic combinatorics, Szemerédi's theorem is a result concerning arithmetic progressions in subsets of the integers. In 1936, Erdős and Turán conjectured that every set of integers A with positive natural density contains a k-term arithmetic progression for every k. Endre Szemerédi proved the conjecture in 1975.
Since ZPP = RP ∩ coRP, ZPP is obviously contained in both RP and coRP. The class P is contained in ZPP, and some computer scientists have conjectured that P = ZPP, i.e., every Las Vegas algorithm has a deterministic polynomial-time equivalent. There exists an oracle relative to which ZPP = EXPTIME.
The name is cultural in origins literally meaning bridges. It is sometimes conjectured that the name was conveyed by settlers from other village in Cieszyn Silesia also named Mosty, who supposedly established the village. In the past the village was also named Mostarze (1652) denoting rather its inhabitants.
The theorem was independently discovered by Lorenzo Mascheroni in 1797 and it was known as Mascheroni's Theorem until Mohr's work was rediscovered.Lorenzo Mascheroni, La Geometria del Compasso (Pavia: Pietro Galeazzi, 1797). 1901 edition. Motivated by Mascheroni's result, in 1822 Jean Victor Poncelet conjectured a variation on the same theme.
It has been an elusive goal to prove the normality of numbers that are not artificially constructed. While , π, ln(2), and e are strongly conjectured to be normal, it is still not known whether they are normal or not. It has not even been proven that all digits actually occur infinitely many times in the decimal expansions of those constants (for example, in the case of π, the popular claim "every string of numbers eventually occurs in π" is not known to be true). It has also been conjectured that every irrational algebraic number is absolutely normal (which would imply that is normal), and no counterexamples are known in any base.
A formal proof of a conjectured relation will then be sought – it is often easier to find a formal proof once the form of a conjectured relation is known. If a counterexample is being sought or a large-scale proof by exhaustion is being attempted, distributed computing techniques may be used to divide the calculations between multiple computers. Frequent use is made of general mathematical software such as Mathematica,A New Kind of Science although domain-specific software is also written for attacks on problems that require high efficiency. Experimental mathematics software usually includes error detection and correction mechanisms, integrity checks and redundant calculations designed to minimise the possibility of results being invalidated by a hardware or software error.
The main text of the book has two parts, on the crossing number as traditionally defined and on variations of the crossing number, followed by two appendices providing background material on topological graph theory and computational complexity theory. After introducing the problem, the first chapter studies the crossing numbers of complete graphs (including Hill's conjectured formula for these numbers) and complete bipartite graphs (Turán's brick factory problem and the Zarankiewicz crossing number conjecture), again giving a conjectured formula). It also includes the crossing number inequality, and the Hanani–Tutte theorem on the parity of crossings. The second chapter concerns other special classes of graphs including graph products (especially products of cycle graphs) and hypercube graphs.
Specifically they worked on special cases of the Bieberbach conjecture, for which they gave a proof that the third coefficient satisfied the conjectured estimate (a result already proved by Charles Loewner). Their goal was to give a proof for the fourth coefficient, but their approach would have required the numerical integration of about one million differential equations. A little later Paul Garabedian and Max Schiffer, then at Stanford, improved the Schaeffer-Spencer method and greatly reduced the number of necessary integrations; thus Garabedian and Schiffer were able in 1955 to prove the conjectured estimate for the fourth coefficient. In 1948 Schaeffer shared the Bôcher memorial prize with Donald Spencer for their joint work on schlicht functions.
One particular feature mentioned in this regard is the iconographic themes of non-Buddhist traditions emanating from the protectress deity Wi-nyu-myin. The main temple is conjectured to represent the entire Vajradhatu Mandala.The monastery has a huge collection of manuscripts and Pramana texts, which were filmed between 1991 and 1998.
In the region -1/4 the solution is asymptotically given by a sum of two modulated sine function as in the previous case. In the region c<-1/4 the solution decays rapidly. In the case \kappa=0 the solution splits into an infinite linear combination of peakons (as previously conjectured).
Various scholars have conjectured that Zedekiah's release of slaves, described in Jeremiah 34:8-10, would likely have been done at the start of a Sabbatical year.William Whiston, "Dissertation V, Upon the Chronology of Josephus", Josephus: Complete Works (trans. Wm. Whiston; Grand Rapids: Kregel, 1964), 703. Originally published in 1737.
Though it was not a traditional shimenawa, Masahiko Nomi conjectured that it may have been related to the shimenawa. Maruyama died in Nagasaki while an active sumo wrestler on November 14, 1749 possibly from dysentery. His grave lies in Nagasaki, Nagasaki Prefecture. A statue of him stands in Yoneyama, Tome, Miyagi.
The new case particle de was developed from ni te.Kondō (2005: 113-114) The conjectured suffix -mu underwent a number of phonological changes: mu > m > N > ũ. Combining with the vowel from the irrealis base to which it attacheed, it then became a long vowel, sometimes with -y- preceding it.
Specifically, they conjectured that there exists a function such that, for every graph and for the graph formed by replacing every edge in by a two-edge path, if the book thickness of is then the book thickness of is at most .. As of 2013, the Blankenship–Oporowski conjecture remains unproven..
Apart from what little can be conjectured from this, nothing is known about the poet's life or origin. Finnur Jónsson believed he became one of Canute's court poets after the king's conquest of Norway in 1028.Finnur Jónsson 1920:601; Hallvarðr Háreksblese. Om denne digters herkomst og liv vides intet.
It is known that the sequence contains infinitely many zeros and that it is unbounded. It is conjectured, but not proved, that the sequence contains every positive integer, and that every pair of non-negative integers apart from (1,1) and (n,n+1) appears as consecutive terms in the sequence.
It has been conjectured that the idea for a cultural festival of music and poetry at Cardigan may have originated from a similar festival in France known as The Puy. Rhys may have known about the tradition via his connections with the Norman French, or from soldiers returning from the continent.
This is similar to the blockhouse at Clickhimin. The passage is just wide at its opening, and at its inner end. It has been conjectured that there may have been a two-story timber building built against the inner face of the fort. There is little structural evidence for this today.
These include methenium or methyl cation , methane cation , and methanium or protonated methane . Some of these have been detected in outer space. Methanium can also be produced as diluted solutions from methane with superacids. Cations with higher charge, such as and , have been studied theoretically and conjectured to be stable.
H.T.Norris, Saharan Myth and Saga (Oxford Univ. 1972) pp. 26, 30, citing René Basset (1900 & 1901). Yet Norris also notes that E.F.Gautier (1942) found an echo in the 6th century Byzantine historian Procopius of the Himyarite myth, and conjectured an ancient Canaanite Völkerwanderungen, finding common cultural symbols. Ibid. p. 30.
Bartrum, op. cit., p. 104. and Cedewain.Bartrum, op. cit., p. 105. These territories lay in an area roughly equivalent to the later counties of Radnorshire and southern Montgomeryshire, in today's county of Powys. It has been conjectured by historian Paul Remfry that these territories formed a polity known as Cynllibiwg.
Nothing definitely is known about the origin of the system. It is conjectured that the system might have evolved from the ciphered-additive numeral system of Brahmi. This system has been extensively used in Jain manuscripts up to sixteenth century. The system has also survived for a long time in Nepal.
First a parade of long-haired horsemen, each of whom is leading a riderless horse. Possibly these are squires or hippobates for some absent cavalrymen or hippobateis;Suggests Hurwitt, 2002, p. 10. the latter, it has been conjectured, may be the hoplites seen elsewhere on the vase.Greenhalgh, 1973, pp. 85-86.
Conversely, every arched leveled planar graph has a 1-queue layout., Theorem 3.2. In 1992, conjectured that every planar graph has bounded queue number. This conjecture was resolved positively in 2019 by who showed that planar graphs and, more generally, every proper minor-closed class of graphs has bounded queue number.
With Stanley's return to Zanzibar in 1877 the last of the main questions surrounding the Great Lakes drainage had been settled. Krapf had conjectured there was one great lake feeding the Congo, Zambezi, Nile and Benue. There had turned out to be three great lakes, feeding the Congo, Zambezi and Nile.
This has been known as the Luna Conjecture. This classification is now completed according to Luna's program; see contributions of Bravi, Cupit-Foutou, Losev and Pezzini. As conjectured by Knop, every "smooth" affine spherical variety is uniquely determined by its weight monoid. This uniqueness result has been proved by Losev.
Selfridge made the following conjecture about the Fermat numbers Fn = 22n \+ 1 . Let g(n) be the number of distinct prime factors of Fn . As to 2016, g(n) is known only up to n = 11, and it is monotonic. Selfridge conjectured that contrary to appearances, g(n) is NOT monotonic.
The Dolforwyn yew is female and has small white flowers followed by very poisonous red berries. It is associated with a well distant, which has a depth of more than hewn through solid bedrock. It has been conjectured that this may be a Holy well since sacred wells were often associated with yews.
Some people have conjectured that since the subject matter was often totally abstract, Abstract expressionism became a safe strategy for artists to pursue this style. Abstract art could be seen as apolitical. Or if the art was political, the message was largely for the insiders. However those theorists are in the minority.
It was oft conjectured as a biography of sorts for David.Charles H. Spurgeon, Treasury of David. John Calvin thought rather it was David's intent to commit to music to transmit what he had learnt through his life, of the relationship he had with his LordCalvin's Commentaries, Vol. 9: Psalms, Part II, tr.
Milefortlet 10 (East Cote) is conjectured to have been a Milefortlet of the Roman Cumbrian Coast defences, however no physical evidence exists to positively prove its existence. The site was identified based on measurement from other Hadrianic defensive structures on the Cumbria coast. These defences were contemporary with defensive structures on Hadrian's Wall.
Boris Zilber conjectured that the only pregeometries that can arise from strongly minimal sets are those that arise in vector spaces, projective spaces, or algebraically closed fields. This conjecture was refuted by Ehud Hrushovski, who developed a method known as the "Hrushovski construction" to build new strongly minimal structures from finite structures.
Milecastle 67 (Stainton) is a conjectured milecastle of the Roman Hadrian's Wall. The site of the milecastle has been calculated from measurement to known milecastle sites, but no remains providing proof of its existence have been identified, though Roman coins were found in 1861, during the digging of the adjacent railway cutting.
In 2008, Ngô Bảo Châu proved the "fundamental lemma", which was originally conjectured by Langlands and Shelstad in 1983 and being required in the proof of some important conjectures in the Langlands program.Ngô Bảo Châu, "Le lemme fondamental pour les algèbres de Lie", Publications Mathématiques de l'IHES, t. 111 (2010), 1–169.
The Psalms are not numbered, but simply divided, as in the manuscripts, into five books. From the type used it is conjectured that the printing was done at Bologna. The printers were Maestro Joseph, Baria, Hayyim Mordecai, and Hezekiah of Ventura.A facsimile of a page is given in Simonsen, Hebraisk Bogtryk, p.
Umm al Binni lake is a mostly dry lake within the Central Marshes in Maysan Governorate in southern Iraq. The 3.4 km (2.11 miles) wide lake is approximately 45 km northwest of the Tigris–Euphrates confluence. Because of its shape, location, and other details, it has been conjectured to represent an impact crater.
Since Sehetepibre's stela was modeled after that of the vizier Montuhotep—who served during the reign of Senusret I (r. 1971-1926 BC)—it has been conjectured by scholars that Montuhotep was the author of The Loyalist Teaching,Posener (1976), p. 14; Simpson (1991), p. 337; Fischer- Elfert (1999), p. 418-20.
More generally, they are a 2-regular sequence, one of a class of integer sequences defined by a linear recurrence relation with multiplier 2. This sequence includes three powers of two: 1, 4, and 256 = 35 \+ 32 \+ 3 + 1. Paul Erdős conjectured that these are the only powers of two that it contains.
Later still, under 1326, Northburgh's register has a record of the Prior being deprived,Hobhouse (ed). Bishop Norbury's Register, p. 252 but this appears out of place: it cannot refer to Borebach, who survived in office until 1329. Hobhouse, the editor, conjectured it had been added as a model document for such occasions.
In the 1970s, Michael D. Plummer and László Lovász conjectured that every bridgeless cubic graph has an exponential number of perfect matchings, strengthening Petersen's theorem that at least one perfect matching exists. In a pair of papers with different sets of co-authors, Kráľ was able to show that this conjecture is true...
Pairs of the numbers (n, m) that solve Brocard's problem are called Brown numbers. As of 2019, there are only three known pairs of Brown numbers: :(4,5), (5,11), and (7,71). Paul Erdős conjectured that no other solutions exist. showed that there are only finitely many solutions provided that the abc conjecture is true.
Norman Johnson sought which convex non-uniform polyhedra had regular faces, although not necessarily all alike. In 1966, he published a list of 92 such solids, gave them names and numbers, and conjectured that there were no others. Victor Zalgaller proved in 1969 that the list of these Johnson solids was complete.
He also carried out one further role which cannot be defined or dated with any certainty. Labelled pr[. . .]ones tracto Piceno, it has been conjectured that it may have been praefectus annones (responsible for the corn crop), praefectus adversus latrones (against brigands), or even praefectus ad tirones (to select recruits).Mennen, pgs.
The ending lamination theorem, originally conjectured by William Thurston and later proven by Jeffrey Brock, Richard Canary, and Yair Minsky, states that hyperbolic 3-manifolds with finitely generated fundamental groups are determined by their topology together with certain "end invariants", which are geodesic laminations on some surfaces in the boundary of the manifold.
Vanna ( ) is a given name that first appeared in recorded European history circa 1294. The Italian medieval feminine name originated in Tuscany, and is particular to Florence, Italy. Though similar in pronunciation to the Italian name Giovanna, and conjectured to be derived from it, Vanna is neither a nickname nor a derivation.
Although the problem can be solved with 2n points for every n up to 46, it is conjectured that fewer than 2n points are possible for sufficiently large values of n. The best solutions that are known to work for arbitrarily large values of n place slightly fewer than 3n/2 points.
Let K be a PAC field. Then K is Hilbertian if and only if K is ω-free. Peter Roquette proved the right-to-left direction of this theorem and conjectured the opposite direction. Michael Fried and Helmut Völklein applied algebraic topology and complex analysis to establish Roquette's conjecture in characteristic zero.
He further contributed significantly to the understanding of perfect numbers, which had fascinated mathematicians since Euclid. Euler made progress toward the prime number theorem and conjectured the law of quadratic reciprocity. The two concepts are regarded as the fundamental theorems of number theory, and his ideas paved the way for Carl Friedrich Gauss.
In molecular biology, snR64 is an RNA molecule belonging to the C/D class of small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), which contain the C (UGAUGA) and D (CUGA) box motifs. Similar to most members of the box C/D family, snR64 is conjectured to help direct site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
The Arafundi languages are a small family of clearly related languages in East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea. They are conjectured to be related to the Piawi and Madang languages. They are named after the Arafundi River. Alfendio is an old synonym for Arafundi, from when it was still considered a single language.
It has been conjectured that the hurricane of 1987 did not bring the sea to the stations because there was a low tide at the time. Climate change could cause more frequent and powerful storms, and associated waves and surges are possible though not probable, and might increase the instability of the headland.
In 1926 Van der Waerden conjectured that the minimum permanent among all doubly stochastic matrices is n!/nn, achieved by the matrix for which all entries are equal to 1/n.. Proofs of this conjecture were published in 1980 by B. Gyires. and in 1981 by G. P. Egorychev. . . and D. I. Falikman;.
As literature, it stands, according to its latest editor, "absolutely first class". It has been conjectured that Fantosme was an Italian (named Giordano Fantasma) who came to England in the train of Henry of Blois.F. Palgrave, The Rise and Progress of the English Commonwealth. Anglo- Saxon Period, I, London, 1832, p. xvi.
The noun Yuletide is first attested from around 1475.Barnhart (1995:896). The word is conjectured in an explicitly pre- Christian context primarily in Old Norse. Among many others (see List of names of Odin), the long-bearded god Odin bears the names (Old Norse for 'Yule father') and ('the Yule one').
In complexity theory, the unsolved P versus NP problem asks if all problems in NP have polynomial-time algorithms. All the best-known algorithms for NP-complete problems like 3SAT etc. take exponential time. Indeed, it is conjectured for many natural NP-complete problems that they do not have sub-exponential time algorithms.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 7. The reconstruction of the missing parts (especially the starts and ends of the lines) is not an easy task and depends on the Coptic text. The Greek text can only be conjectured on the basis of the Coptic version. The manuscript is fragmentary but shows two errors.
Some people have conjectured that since the subject matter was often totally abstract, Abstract expressionism became a safe strategy for artists to pursue this style. Abstract art could be seen as apolitical. Or if the art was political, the message was largely for the insiders. However, those theorists are in the minority.
Duathathor-Henuttawy held several titles, including King's Daughter; King's Wife; King's Mother; Lady of the Two Lands; Mistress of the Two Lands; Daughter of the Great Royal Wife; Foremost Singer of Amun; Mother of the Great Royal Wife; Mother of the High Priest of Amun; Mother of Generalissimo. Edward F. Wente had conjectured that Henuttawy was the daughter of Smendes and Queen Tentamun , the wife of Pinudjem I and the mother of King Psusennes and his wife, Mutnodjmet, The High Priest of Amun Menkheperre, the Generalissimo of the South and North, Menkheperre, and God's Wife of Amun Maatkare. Kenneth Kitchen had conjectured there were two women called Henuttawy during the period to explain some of the titles associated with the name Henuttawy.
In mathematics, Jean-Pierre Serre conjectured the following statement regarding the Galois cohomology of a simply connected semisimple algebraic group. Namely, he conjectured that if G is such a group over a perfect field F of cohomological dimension at most 2, then the Galois cohomology set H1(F, G) is zero. A converse of the conjecture holds: if the field F is perfect and if the cohomology set H1(F, G) is zero for every semisimple simply connected algebraic group G then the p-cohomological dimension of F is at most 2 for every prime p. The conjecture holds in the case where F is a local field (such as p-adic field) or a global field with no real embeddings (such as Q()).
The special set for a projective variety V is the Zariski closure of the union of the images of all non-trivial maps from algebraic groups into V. Lang conjectured that the complement of the special set is Mordellic. A variety is algebraically hyperbolic if the special set is empty. Lang conjectured that a variety X is Mordellic if and only if X is algebraically hyperbolic and that this is turn equivalent to X being pseudo-canonical. For a complex algebraic variety X we similarly define the analytic special or exceptional set as the Zariski closure of the union of images of non-trivial holomorphic maps from C to X. Brody's definition of a hyperbolic variety is that there are no such maps.
The Nevanlinna invariant has similar formal properties to the abscissa of convergence of the height zeta function and it is conjectured that they are essentially the same. More precisely, Batyrev–Manin conjectured the following. Let X be a projective variety over a number field K with ample divisor D giving rise to an embedding and height function H, and let U denote a Xariski open subset of X. Let α = α(D) be the Nevanlinna invariant of D and β the abscissa of convergence of Z(U, H; s). Then for every ε > 0 there is a U such that β < α + ε: in the opposite direction, if α > 0 then α = β for all sufficiently large fields K and sufficiently small U.
Szemerédi's theorem is a result in arithmetic combinatorics concerning arithmetic progressions in subsets of the integers. In 1936, Erdős and Turán conjectured. that every set of integers A with positive natural density contains a k term arithmetic progression for every k. This conjecture, which became Szemerédi's theorem, generalizes the statement of van der Waerden's theorem.
These problems include integer factorization, finding a Nash Equilibrium of a game, and searching for local optima. TFNP is widely conjectured to contain problems that are computationally intractable, and several such problems have been shown to be hard under cryptographic assumptionsGarg, Pandey, and Srinivasan. Revisiting Cryptographic Hardness of Finding a Nash Equilibrium. CRYPTO 2016.
Critics have conjectured that Linkous's brush with death inspired the sombre tone of the album, though Linkous stated that much of the material on GMS had already been written. One song that did result from it is "St. Mary", which is dedicated to the nurses at the eponymous hospital in Paddington where Linkous recuperated.
The kings after Romulus were not known to be dynasts and no reference is made to the hereditary principle until after the fifth king Tarquinius Priscus. Consequently, some have assumed that the Tarquins and their attempt to institute a hereditary monarchy over this conjectured earlier elective monarchy resulted in the formation of the republic.
The ancestral type of the Wetterhoun was developed at least 400 years ago in the Dutch province of Fryslan. The origins of the Wetterhoun are conjectured to be from Gypsy dogs, crossed with an indigenous Frisian dog, perhaps the Old Water Dog, a type which is now extinct.Grandjean, Dominique, DVM. The Royal Canin Dog Encyclopedia.
Szemerédi's theorem is a result in arithmetic combinatorics, concerning arithmetic progressions in subsets of the integers. In 1936, Erdős and Turán conjectured. that every set of integers A with positive natural density contains a k term arithmetic progression for every k. This conjecture, which became Szemerédi's theorem, generalizes the statement of van der Waerden's theorem.
The complex has an elaborate drainage system which ensured that the interior remained dry. The floor of the chamber had stone flooring. The forecourt is D shaped and is conjectured as an animal pen. No stone made furniture was found which has led to the conclusion that the furniture must have been made of wood.
Jarett concluded that whether menstrual synchrony occurs in a group of women may depend on the variability of their menstrual cycles. She conjectured that the reason the women in her study did not synchronize their menstrual cycles was because they happened to have longer and more irregular menstrual cycles than in McClintock's original study.
There exists no archaeological evidence of Copper-Bronze or Iron Age culture in the region. This might seem like an impossibility given that corresponding cultures have been discovered in Bengal as well as Southeast Asia. It can only be conjectured that metal age sites in the region exist but have not yet been discovered.
The Silmarillion, ch. 18 "Of the Ruin of Beleriand and the Fall of Fingolfin" Before the publication of The Silmarillion (1977), Sauron's origins and true identity were unclear to those without access to Tolkien's notes. The poet W. H. Auden however conjectured as early as 1968 that Sauron might have been one of the Valar.
One of the 1618 comets over Heidelberg The Discourse on Comets (Discorso delle Comete) was a pamphlet published in 1619 with Mario Guiducci as the named author, though in reality it was mostly the work of Galileo Galilei. In it Galileo conjectured that comets were not physical bodies but atmospheric effects like the aurora borealis.
Wilkes Land crater is an informal term that may apply to two separate cases of conjectured giant impact craters hidden beneath the ice cap of Wilkes Land, East Antarctica. These are separated below under the heading Wilkes Land anomaly and Wilkes Land mascon (mass concentration), based on terms used in their principal published reference sources.
127; Higham, p. 4. Charters variously call Ælfhere and Ælfheah propinquus, that is consanguineal relative, of Kings Eadred, Eadwig, and Edgar, and of the chronicler Ealdorman Æthelweard. Ealhhelm was a major figure who witnessed a large number of charters; Stafford, p. 38. See Williams, p. 144, table 1, for the known and conjectured relationships.
Archaeologists conjectured that these dwellings had stone foundations, wooden walls, and roofs made of several layers of dried leaves. Various household items were also discovered in these dwellings. Two bronze spearheads dated to the 9th and 8th centuries BC were discovered in 1892 and 1895 near Legnano. They have been attributed to the Golasecca culture.
Agvan Dorjiev), a tutor to the Dalai Lama.Gary Lachman Turn Off Your Mind, pp. 32–33, Disinformation Co., 2003 However, the actual Dorzhieff went to live in the Buddhist temple erected in St. Petersburg and after the Revolution was imprisoned by Stalin. James Webb conjectured that Gurdjieff might have been Dorzhieff's assistant Ushe Narzunoff (i.e.
Heinz Hopf conjectured that a simply connected manifold with pinched sectional curvature is a sphere. In 1951, Harry Rauch showed that a simply connected manifold with curvature in [3/4,1] is homeomorphic to a sphere. In 1960, Marcel Berger and Wilhelm Klingenberg proved the topological version of the sphere theorem with the optimal pinching constant.
Classical sources are entirely silent on such a structure, but it has been conjectured that the origin of the legend was the ruins of a navigational aid constructed in late antiquity.Fear, A.T. "The Tower of Cádiz". Faventia: Revista de Filologia Clàssica, #12-13, Vol. 1-2 (1990-1991), p. 199-211. Accessed 23 Jul 2013.
There were penalties and a penalty box. It is conjectured by some that the playing field was lined, usually played on a flat ice‐covered surface, e.g. a frozen pond (though bumpy, land‐based ice, , is also mentioned). The Vikings may have used tar and sand under the soles of their boots for traction.
"ABKHAZIA – UNFALSIFIED HISTORY" Giorgi Sharvashidze. The historian Yuri Voronov also conjectured that castle might have hosted the queen-regnant Tamar of Georgia during her stays in Abkhazia in the early 13th century. During this period the Eristavi (Duke) of Tskhumi was Otagho Shervashidze.Georgian National Academy of Sciences, Kartlis Tskhovreba (History of Georgia), Artanuji pub.
Worldwide demand reached 98 billion servings in 2009. Riot Police Unit ate Cup Noodles In 1972, the Asama-Sansō incident occurred in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. Widespread coverage of the event, which included repeated images of the prefectural Riot Police Unit eating the noodles on national television, have been conjectured as boosting awareness of the brand.
The exact cause of Merrick's deformities is unclear. In 1986 it was conjectured that he had Proteus syndrome. DNA tests on his hair and bones in a 2003 study were inconclusive. Merrick's life was depicted in a 1979 play by Bernard Pomerance, and a 1980 film by David Lynch, both titled The Elephant Man.
The Union planned to seize Wilmington after Mobile, Alabama fell in August 1864. By September 1864, a variety of sources—such as the Confederate intelligence and some Union newspapers—conjectured an imminent Union attack on either Charleston or Wilmington. 2,400 men were at Fort Fisher. They were insufficiently trained for defending against a land attack.
The practice of the oral laws that Lekë Dukagjini codified in the Kanun was suggested by Edith Durham as dating back to the Bronze Age. Some authors have conjectured that the Kanun may derive from ancient Illyrian tribal laws.Dukagjini, L., Gjecov, S., Fox, L. Kanuni i Lekë Dukagjinit. Gjonlekaj Publishing Co., 1989. p. xvi.
According to Tabari, the malicious devs are part of a long chain of pre-adamic creatures, preceding the benevolent peris, whom they fight a constant battle. However, not all exegetes agree with that. The Islamic philosopher Al-Razi conjectured that the devs are souls of the wicked dead, turned into dev after their death.
It is a consequence of Chevalley's theorem that finite fields are quasi-algebraically closed. This had been conjectured by Emil Artin in 1935. The motivation behind Artin's conjecture was his observation that quasi-algebraically closed fields have trivial Brauer group, together with the fact that finite fields have trivial Brauer group by Wedderburn's theorem.
Protein C may be up-regulated by platelet factor 4. This cytokine is conjectured to improve activation of protein C by forming an electrostatic bridge from protein C's Gla domain to the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) domain of thrombomodulin, reducing the Michaelis constant (KM) for their reaction. In addition, Protein C is inhibited by protein C inhibitor.
In 1926, Witold Hurewicz introduced the above property of topological spaces that is formally stronger than the Menger property. He didn't know whether Menger's conjecture is true, and whether his property is strictly stronger than the Menger property, but he conjectured that in the class of metric spaces his property is equivalent to \sigma-compactness.
Another discovery was made in 1969, when a round house built against the rampart at the gateway was discovered. The house had a cobbled floor, and it was conjectured that the building was possibly a store house. The other discovery was of a building resembling a boat. It was found just outside the main rampart.
It is not known if there are any others; Branko Grünbaum conjectured that there are not, but thought that a proof would be "probably quite complicated".. Reprinted in . They both have D4d symmetry, the same symmetry as a square antiprism. They can both be constructed from a uniform polyhedron by twisting one cupola-shaped cap.
In mathematics, a Countryman line is an uncountable linear ordering whose square is the union of countably many chains. The existence of Countryman lines was first proven by Shelah. Shelah also conjectured that, assuming PFA, every Aronszajn line contains a Countryman line. This conjecture, which remained open for three decades, was proven by Justin Moore.
He presented the English College at Rome with a precious chalice. Some of his correspondence is preserved in the Westminster Archives, and he is conjectured by Gillow to have been the writer of a work entitled The Uncasing of Heresies, or the Anatomie of Protestancie, written and composed by O.A. (Leuven/Louvain?) 1623, 8vo.
An upper case R added to a BWV number indicates a reconstructed version, that is a conjectured earlier version of a known composition. One of such reconstructions, the Concerto for oboe and violin, as published in NBA VII/7 (Supplement) p. 75, based on the double harpsichord concerto BWV 1060, is known as BWV 1060R.
It is conjectured that the Mandelbrot set is locally connected. This famous conjecture is known as MLC (for Mandelbrot locally connected). By the work of Adrien Douady and John H. Hubbard, this conjecture would result in a simple abstract "pinched disk" model of the Mandelbrot set. In particular, it would imply the important hyperbolicity conjecture mentioned above.
In 1917, he wrote about the voting of the electorate area of Ilia, an area in which he conjectured that he knew in 1929, along with the sources which drew up from Ilia's newspapers. He called off his publishing on the newspaper in which he made a new circulation by his nephew in 1955. Varouxis died in 1951.
Peter of Compostela () is the name given to the author of De consolatione rationis (The Consolation of Reason). This was a prosimetrum based on Boethius's Consolation of Philosophy. He is now thought to have been a grammar teacher in Santiago de Compostela between 1317 and 1330, but was previously conjectured to have been a bishop in the twelfth century.
The Euclid–Euler theorem is a theorem in mathematics that relates perfect numbers to Mersenne primes. It states that an even number is perfect if and only if it has the form , where is a prime number. The theorem is named after Euclid and Leonhard Euler. It has been conjectured that there are infinitely many Mersenne primes.
This suggests that for many boys, maladaptive family relations are a factor in chronic aggression and unpopularity. Dishion et al. also conjectured that both academic failure and unpopularity may be involved in self-reinforcing relationships with antisocial involvement. Boys with poor academic skills may group together (or be grouped together, in schools using tracking), as may socially rejected children.
Newton's absolute space was a medium, but not one transmitting gravitation. Thus Newton's theory violated the first principle of mechanical philosophy, as stated by Descartes, No action at a distance. Conversely, during the 1820s, when explaining magnetism, Michael Faraday inferred a field filling space and transmitting that force. Faraday conjectured that ultimately, all forces unified into one.
The purpose of a fogou is no longer known. Their central location in settlements and the work that evidently went into constructing them is indicative of their importance to the community. It has been conjectured that they were used for religious purposes, as refuges, or for food storage. Many are oriented south- west-north-east, facing the prevailing wind.
His initial decipherment was achieved using Kober's classification tables, to which he applied his own theories. Some Linear B tablets had been discovered on the Greek mainland. Noticing that certain symbol combinations appeared only on the tablets found in Crete, he conjectured that these might be names of places on the island. This proved to be correct.
Rowlands investigated of stone circles, cromlechs, and other prehistoric remains. He conjectured that Anglesey was the ancient centre of the Druids. His major work was Mona Antiqua Restaurata, an Archæological Discourse on the Antiquities Natural and Historical of the Island (Dublin, 1723). A second edition was issued, London, 1766, and a supplement with topographical details in 1775.
If none of the interior vertices of a Halin graph has degree three, then it is necessarily pancyclic.. observed that many classical conditions for the existence of a Hamiltonian cycle were also sufficient conditions for a graph to be pancyclic, and on this basis conjectured that every 4-connected planar graph is pancyclic. However, found a family of counterexamples.
When , the Friedlander–Iwaniec primes have the form a^2+1, forming the set :2, 5, 17, 37, 101, 197, 257, 401, 577, 677, 1297, 1601, 2917, 3137, 4357, 5477, 7057, 8101, 8837, 12101, 13457, 14401, 15377, … . It is conjectured (one of Landau's problems) that this set is infinite. However, this is not implied by the Friedlander–Iwaniec theorem.
It is conjectured that Cantino was able to bribe a cartographer to copy the map between December 1501 and October 1502. From a letter signed by Cantino it is thought that he sent the map to the Duke of Ferrara on November 19, 1502. The Padrão Real was lost in time. However a copy (Cantino planisphere) still exists.
Erwin Lutwak is known for his Dual Brunn Minkowski Theory, his notion of intersection body and his contribution to the solution of the Busemann–Petty problem,. for proving the long- conjectured upper-semicontinuity of affine surface area,. his contributions to the Lp Brunn Minkowski Theory and, in particular, his Lp Minkowski problem. and its solution in important cases..
The term "low energy limits" labels some 10-dimensional supergravity theories. These arise as the massless, tree-level approximation of string theories. True effective field theories of string theories, rather than truncations, are rarely available. Due to string dualities, the conjectured 11-dimensional M-theory is required to have 11-dimensional supergravity as a "low energy limit".
This can demonstrate the validity of many of the proposed families in the list of language families. For example, the reconstructible common ancestor of the Indo-European language family is called Proto-Indo-European. Proto-Indo-European is not attested by written records and so is conjectured to have been spoken before the invention of writing.
It has been conjectured that the first pororosiek were Kakipoch in Aldai and Tuken in Soiin. It is notable that Sirikwa holes (known to the Nandi as mukowanisiek) were almost non-existent in the areas first settled, being only present on the Nandi escarpment itself. They were however found in great numbers in the northern regions of Nandi.
The cognomina of the Atii are Balbus, Rufus, and Varus. The Atii Balbi were from the city of Aricia. The Venetian scholar Paulus Manutius conjectured that the family of the Labieni belonged to the Atia gens, which opinion has been followed by most modern writers. However, Spanheim pointed out that there was no authority for this.
CD52 is a peptide of 12 amino acids, anchored to glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI). Since it is highly negatively charged and present on sperm cells and lymphocytes, it has been conjectured that its function is anti-adhesion, allowing cells to freely move around. CD52 binds the ITIM (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif)-bearing sialic acid- binding lectin SIGLEC10.
General view of the entrance to the Panchapandava Cave Temple, 1885 The columns of the verandah, which have lion bases are a typical style of Pallava architecture. From the architectural features carved in the cave it is conjectured that this style could be assigned to Narasimhavarman I (Mamalla period) to Narasimhavarman II (Rajasimha) during the mid-7th century.
The story is said to be based loosely on Marilyn Monroe. According to an article at tcm.com, "Some critics have conjectured that The Goddess was based on the career of Ava Gardner, but most think its primary model was Marilyn Monroe, who studied at the Actors Studio at the same time Stanley did."Brottman, Mikita and Sterritt, David.
In mathematics, the fundamental group scheme is a group scheme canonically attached to a scheme over a Dedekind scheme (e.g. the spectrum of a field or the spectrum of a discrete valuation ring). It is a generalisation of the étale fundamental group. Although its existence was conjectured by Alexander Grothendieck, the first construction is due to Madhav Nori,M.
The general case was conjectured by Spencer Bloch and Kazuya Kato Bloch, Spencer and Kato, Kazuya, "p-adic étale cohomology", Inst. Hautes Études Sci. Publ. Math. No. 63 (1986), p. 118 and became known as the Bloch–Kato conjecture or the motivic Bloch–Kato conjecture to distinguish it from the Bloch–Kato conjecture on values of L-functions.
The geological age of these formations is conjectured as Paleozoic. Gold found on benches and in the main drainage was reported to be fine grained material and some nuggets were also recovered. The gold–bearing gravels were found to have cinnabar and platinum-group metals. Gold was also found in a tributary mining location on Skookum Creek.
For example, the Ishim impact structure is conjectured to be bounded by the late Ordivician-early Silurian (c. 445 ± 5 Ma), the two Warburton basins have been linked to the Late Devonian extinction (c. 360 Ma), both Bedout and the Wilkes Land crater have been associated with the severe Permian–Triassic extinction event (c. 252 Ma), Manicouagan (c.
A major open problem in finite semigroup theory is the decidability of complexity: is there an algorithm that will compute the Krohn–Rhodes complexity of a finite semigroup, given its multiplication table? Upper bounds and ever more precise lower bounds on complexity have been obtained (see, e.g. Rhodes & Steinberg, 2009). Rhodes has conjectured that the problem is decidable.
John Todd proved that this sequence is neither finite nor cofinite. More precisely, the natural density of the Størmer numbers lies between 0.5324 and 0.905. It has been conjectured that their natural density is the natural logarithm of 2, approximately 0.693, but this remains unproven. Because the Størmer numbers have positive density, the Størmer numbers form a large set.
Neris River at Green Bridge, Vilnius. Narach: a conjectured reason for the dual naming of Neris The river Neris ) or Viliya () rises in northern Belarus. It flows westward, passing through Vilnius (Lithuania's capital) and in the south-centre of that country it flows into the Nemunas (Neman), at Kaunas, as its main tributary. Its length is .
Haraprasad Shastri, who rediscovered the Charyapada, conjectured that it was written during the 10th century. However, according to Suniti Kumar Chatterji, it was composed between 10th and 12th century. Prabodh Chandra Bagchi upholds this view. Sukumar Sen, while supporting this view, also states that the Charyapada could have been written between the 11th and 14th centuries.
Lenstra, Pomerance, and Wagstaff have conjectured that there is an infinite number of Mersenne primes, and, more precisely, that the number of Mersenne primes less than x is asymptotically approximated by :e^\gamma\cdot\log_2 \log_2(x),Heuristics: Deriving the Wagstaff Mersenne Conjecture. The Prime Pages. Retrieved on 2014-05-11. where γ is the Euler–Mascheroni constant.
Dodson & Hilton, p.201 It is more difficult to identify the high priest referred to in her titles: three of Pinedjem's sons, Masaharta, Djedkhonsuefankh and Menkheperre became high priests, and one, two, or all three of them could have been Duathathor- Henuttawy's son.Dodson & Hilton, p.202 Niwiński conjectured that Henuttawy was the daughter of Ramesses XI and Tentamun.
It is conjectured that a group of Popoluca settlers from Oteapan founded a settlement in this location in the early 19th century, which was then called San Isidro Xumuapan. Zaragoza was incorporated on 1 December 1868 as a municipality in the canton of Minatitlán in the state of Veracruz. It became a free municipality on 15 January 1918.
Ubiquinone-1 is a naturally occurring 1,4-benzoquinone that is involved in respiration apparatus. Ubiquinones, as their name implies, are ubiquitous in living creatures, being components of respiratory apparatus. right They are conjectured to occur in all respiring organisms. Some serve as electron acceptors in electron transport chains such as those in photosynthesis (plastoquinone, phylloquinone), and aerobic respiration (ubiquinone).
From infrared spectra of samples of dihydridoiron trapped in frozen argon between 10 and 30 K, Chertihin and Andrews conjectured in 1995 that dihydridoiron readily dimerized into , and that it reacts with atomic hydrogen to produce trihydridoiron (). However, it was later proven that the product of the reaction was likely to have been hydrido(dihydrogen)iron ().
Isoaspartyl formation reactions have been conjectured to be one of the factors that limit the useful lifetime of proteins. Isoaspartyl formation proceeds much more quickly if the asparagine is followed by a small, flexible residue (such as Gly) that leaves the peptide group open for attack. These reactions also proceed much more quickly at elevated pH (>10) and temperatures.
This is closer to how string recognition tends to be done in practice, e.g. by a recursive descent parser. Unlike CFGs, PEGs cannot be ambiguous; if a string parses, it has exactly one valid parse tree. It is conjectured that there exist context-free languages that cannot be recognized by a PEG, but this is not yet proven.
Lippmann conjectured a hypothetical Greek word ανθήμόνιον anthemonion, which would mean "floret", and cites several examples of related Greek words (but not that one) which describe chemical or biological efflorescence.Lippman, pp. 643–5 The early uses of antimonium include the translations, in 1050–1100, by Constantine the African of Arabic medical treatises.Lippman, p. 642, writing in 1919, says "zuerst".
Simultaneously generalizing the case of imaginary quadratic fields and cyclotomic fields is the case of a CM field K, i.e. a totally imaginary quadratic extension of a totally real field. In 1974, Harold Stark conjectured that there are finitely many CM fields of class number 1. He showed that there are finitely many of a fixed degree.
Matthews 154. It has also been conjectured that a related deity named or titled "Tzedek" (i.e. "righteousness") was worshipped in pre-Israelite Jerusalem as the names of two kings of the city, Melchizedek and Adonizedek contain the element tzedek.Peake's commentary on the Bible (1962), passim According to one such hypothesis "Tzedek" was an epithet of the god El ().
Since neither graph uses a number of colors equal to its clique size, neither is perfect. The second theorem, conjectured by Berge, provided a forbidden graph characterization of perfect graphs. An induced cycle of odd length at least is called an odd hole. An induced subgraph that is the complement of an odd hole is called an odd antihole.
In these romances, he is said to do deeds traditionally ascribed to mythical ancestors,Wagner (1959), p. 92. and it has also been conjectured that the basis of the story reflects an ancient sun and moon myth. Some details of Panji may also be based on Kameçvara, a twelfth-century Javanese king of Kediri.Coomaraswamy (1985), p. 207.
Fucoxanthin, the most abundant of all carotinoids, is the light-absorbing pigment in the chloroplasts of brown algae, giving them a brown or olive-green color. Numerous natural products contain the allene functional group. Noteworthy are the pigments fucoxanthin and peridinin. Little is known about the biosynthesis, although it is conjectured that they are often generated from alkyne precursors.
In 1148 he resided at the Abbey of Moutiers-la-Celle in the diocese of Troyes, with his friend Peter of Celle. He was present at the Council of Reims in 1148, presided over by Pope Eugene III. It is conjectured that while there, he was introduced by St. Bernard of Clairvaux to Theobald, whose secretary he became.
The existence of a super-proportional division was first conjectured as early as 1948: ::It may be stated incidentally that if there are two (or more) partners with different estimations, there exists a division giving to everybody more than his due part (Knaster); this fact disproves the common opinion that differences estimations make fair division difficult.
What Is Life?, which conjectured genes were an "aperiodic crystal" storing codescript and influenced Francis Crick and James D. Watson in their 1953 identification of cellular DNA's molecular structure as a double helix.M. P. Murphy and L. A. J. O'Neill (1997). What Is Life? the Next Fifty Years: Speculations on the Future of Biology. Cambridge University Press. p 2.
Bucke conjectured the fragment was written in 1857. 1860's 3rd edition of Leaves of Grass contained 136 poems.From a strict count of the single poems listed in 1860's Table of Contents. This count does not reflect the eight numbered parts of the single poem "Says," nor the 14 unnumbered sections of the single poem "Debris".
Meanwhile, Crane's affair with Taylor blossomed. Three seasons of archaeological investigation were conducted in 2002-04 to examine and document the exposed remains of a wreck near Ponce Inlet, FL conjectured to be that of the SS Commodore. The collected data, and other accumulated evidence, finally substantiated the identification of the Commodore beyond a reasonable doubt.
In complex analysis, the Siu semicontinuity theorem implies that the Lelong number of a closed positive current on a complex manifold is semicontinuous. More precisely, the points where the Lelong number is at least some constant form a complex subvariety. This was conjectured by and proved by . generalized Siu's theorem to more general versions of the Lelong number.
In a 1957 addendum, Hanna Neumann further improved this bound to show that under the above assumptions :s − 1 ≤ 2(m − 1)(n − 1). She also conjectured that the factor of 2 in the above inequality is not necessary and that one always has :s − 1 ≤ (m − 1)(n − 1). This statement became known as the Hanna Neumann conjecture.
Another phenomenon which can only occur in positive characteristic is that a K3 surface may be unirational. Michael Artin observed that every unirational K3 surface over an algebraically closed field must have Picard number 22. (In particular, a unirational K3 surface must be supersingular.) Conversely, Artin conjectured that every K3 surface with Picard number 22 must be unirational.
According to Dmitriyev, the phenomenon was "neither the result of technical experiments nor a mirage", but a chemiluminescent area in the atmosphere. Concerning that hypothesis Ziegel wrote, that "the energy output of chemiluminescence is negligible", unlike that of the Petrozavodsk object, and that the conjectured chemiluminescent clouds cannot soar against the wind, which the Petrozavodsk object appeared to do.
Froda, Résolution générale des équations algébriques, Comptes Bendus de l'Academie de Sciences, Paris, 1929, t.189, p.523 a method of solving algebraic equations having complex coefficients. In 1929 Dimitrie Pompeiu conjectured that any continuous function of two real variables defined on the entire plane is constant if the integral over any circle in the plane is constant.
Although now disproven, it has been shown to imply the Riemann hypothesis. It was conjectured by Thomas Joannes Stieltjes, in an 1885 letter to Charles Hermite (reprinted in ), and again in print by , and disproved by . It is a striking example of a mathematical conjecture proven false despite a large amount of computational evidence in its favor.
102 (1990), no. 2, 429–445. Tian's most renowned contribution to the Kähler-Einstein problem came in 1997. Yau had conjectured in the 1980s, based partly in analogy to the Donaldson-Uhlenbeck-Yau theorem, that existence of a Kähler- Einstein metric should correspond to stability of the underlying Kähler manifold in a certain sense of geometric invariant theory.
It is conjectured that this town is meant by Lycophron,Lycophron, Alexandra 899. who describes Prothous, the leader of the Magnetes in the Iliad, as ὁ ἐκ Παλαύθρων (Σπαλαύθρων). The town is also mentioned in the Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax as a city in Magnesia, together with Iolcus, Coracae, Methone and Olizon.Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax, 65.
From Germany, Rodolphe's idea of "beginning the Crusades at home" passed back to France, and Jews were massacred at Carentan, Rameru,Rameru may be Ramerupt, Aube which had an active Jewish community in mediaeval times. and Sully.Sully has not been identified, but has been conjectured to be a place in Normandy. In Bohemia 150 Jews were murdered by Crusaders.
The minimum number of clues for Samunampure is not known, nor even conjectured. A variant on Miyuki Misawa's web site replaces sums with relations: the clues are symbols =, < and > showing the relative values of (some but not all) adjacent region sums. She demonstrates an example with only eight relations. It is not known whether this is the best possible.
Schmuel Baruch and Yakar Kanai (2001) suggested that shochu, a Japanese distilled beverage, might be a Giffen good. In both cases, the authors offered supporting econometric evidence. However, the empirical evidence has been generally considered incomplete. In a 2005 article, Sasha Abramsky of The Nation conjectured that gasoline, in certain circumstances, may act as a Giffen good.
It has been conjectured that the Grierson family come from the same stock as the Clan Gregor, although this theory has been refuted by modern historians and there is no evidence to support it. The surname Grierson is a modern spelling of the medieval (circa 1408) surname Grerson.Bannatyne Club: Registrum Honoris de Morton, Vol. I, Original Papers, p.
Mommsen conjectured that it was introduced around 36–39 AD along with the longer Roman Isiac festival held October 28 through November 3. During this period, the fourth epagomenal day would have coincided with August 12 on the Roman calendar. According to this theory, the Lychnapsia would have been a Roman celebration of the dies natalis ("birthday") of Isis.
Amadas, or Sir Amadace is a medieval English chivalric romance, one of the rare ones for which there is neither a known nor a conjectured French original, Laura A. Hibbard, Medieval Romance in England p73 New York Burt Franklin,1963 like Sir Eglamour of Artois. The hero shares a name but no more with the romance Amadas et Idoine.
A generic quaternary cubic can be written as a sum of 5 cubes of linear forms, unique up to multiplication by cube roots of unity. This was conjectured by Sylvester in 1851, and proven 10 years later by Clebsch. The union of the 5 planes where these 5 linear forms vanish is called the Sylvester pentahedron.
The romance was broken off when Percy's father refused to support their engagement. Wolsey refused the match for several conjectured reasons. According to Cavendish, Anne was sent from court to her family's countryside estates, but it is not known for how long. Upon her return to court, she again entered the service of Catherine of Aragon.
Egnatius Victor was a member of the second and third century gens Egnatia, which most likely originated in Etruria, although Numidian and Bithynian origins have also been suggested.Mennen, pg. 103 It has been conjectured that he was the son of Aulus Egnatius Priscillianus, a Roman philosopher.Settipani, Christian, Continuité gentilice et continuité sénatoriale dans les familles sénatoriales romaines à l'époque impériale (2000), pgs.
While the circumcision rates in Korea were extremely high (90% in age groups 17–19) as of 2002, the rates have declined recently; the circumcision rate for males 14–29 is 75.8%, with the aforementioned group rate down to 74.4%. It has been conjectured that the decline in the rate of circumcision was due to the increased availability of new information.
Though we possess no manuscript evidence, the Coptic version most likely derives from a Greek original. Harris and Mingana both conjectured there was a Greek original.Mingana and Harris 1927, 127, 149 (= BJRL 11 (1927): 331, 353). Kuhn thought that "the wide range of Greek loan-words used in the Coptic text," including some rather rare ones, was an argument for a Greek original.
Ochras was a town of ancient Cappadocia mentioned by the Antonine Itinerary. Ptolemy mentions a place Odogra or Odoga, in the district of Chammanene in Cappadocia, between the Halys River and Mount Argaeus, which William Smith conjectured was possibly the same as Ochras. Modern scholars do not accept the equivalence. Its site is tentatively located near Kalkancık Hüyük, Asiatic Turkey.
In 2004, Matthew Cook published a proof that Rule 110 is Turing complete, i.e., capable of universal computation, which Stephen Wolfram had conjectured in 1985. Cook presented his proof at the Santa Fe Institute conference CA98 before publication of Wolfram's book A New Kind of Science. This resulted in a legal affair based on a non-disclosure agreement with Wolfram Research.
Many of the more common OTUs have been identified to the following taxa: Cryptophyta (order), Stramenopiles (order) and OM60 (family). Many have even been identified to genus: Persicirhabdus, Fluviicola, Synecococcus, Vibrio, and Enterococcus. Scientists have conjectured a stream of airborne microorganisms circles the planet above weather systems but below commercial air lanes.Living Bacteria Are Riding Earth’s Air Currents Smithsonian Magazine, 11 January 2016.
Helmut Hasse conjectured that L(E, s) could be extended by analytic continuation to the whole complex plane. This conjecture was first proved by for elliptic curves with complex multiplication. It was subsequently shown to be true for all elliptic curves over Q, as a consequence of the modularity theorem. Finding rational points on a general elliptic curve is a difficult problem.
No general method is known for determining whether a number is "friendly" or solitary. The smallest number whose classification is unknown is 10; it is conjectured to be solitary. If it is not, its smallest friend is at least 10^{30}. Small numbers with a relatively large smallest friend do exist: for instance, 24 is "friendly", with its smallest friend 91,963,648.
The Dr. Bloch conjectured that the modem civil stations of Guwahati and Tezpur stood upon large mounds " which contain the remains of two ancient cities." In 1906, while foundations were being dug for additions to the Deputy Commissioner's office in Tezpur, the excavators came upon the remains of an ancient stone building. A large number of carved and sculptured stones were discovered.
In the 1970s, John Wetzel conjectured that a 30 degree circular sector of unit radius is a cover with area \pi/12 \approx 0.2618. In 2019 two proofs of the conjecture were independently claimed by Chatchawan Panraksa and Wacharin Wichiramala and by Yevgenya Movshovich . If confirmed by peer-review this will reduce the upper bound for the convex cover by about 3%.
Jonathan Oppenheim is a professor of physics at University College London. He is an expert in quantum information theory and quantum gravity. Oppenheim proved the Third law of thermodynamics (first conjectured by Walther Nernst in 1912) with Lluis Masanes. Together with Michał Horodecki and Andreas Winter, he discovered quantum state-merging and used this primitive to show that quantum information could be negative .
Though he had no formal training he was appointed as a chapel minister in Clydach in 1848, a post which he held until 1853. Reverend Thomas subsequently became a Congregational minister at Landore, Swansea, until he resigned in 1875. It has been conjectured that he resigned after it was discovered he was the owner of sub- standard workers housing in north Swansea.
Cathedral of Turin The circumstances of the founding of the original cathedral of Turin are obscure. It is conjectured that the building was the work of the first Bishop, Maximus, which would place the date around the beginning of the 5th century.Rondolino, pp. 9-10. It was constituted of three interconnected churches, San Salvatore, San Giovanni Battista, and Santa Maria.
In 1940, the same authors found 89 °C. All reports since then have given melting points in 83–89 °C range. It was conjectured that the differences could be due to polymorphism; namely, that the compound could crystallize in two or more different crystal structures, with different melting points. However, modern studies, including X-ray diffraction, failed to find any evidence of polymorphism.
At that time, it is conjectured, a nobleman named Tuzzo or Tuozo settled in the Belzbachtal and gave his name to the place - Tuozesheim became Tozesheim and eventually Dotzheim.Dotzheim - Gestern und heute (Dotzheim - Yesterday and Today) by Klaus Kopp, Dotzheim borough page on City of Wiesbaden website. Retrieved 2009-01-13. The first written document which mentions Dotzheim dates to only 1128.
Acetic oxalic anhydride is an unstable colorless crystalline solid, soluble in diethyl ether, that decomposes at about −3 °C into acetic anhydride (-(C=O)-)2O, carbon dioxide () and carbon monoxide (CO). It is hydrolyzed by water into acetic and oxalic acids. Acetic oxalic anhydride was conjectured to be an intermediate in the decomposition of anhydrous oxalic acid by acetic anhydride.
The ground floor has remained incomplete. The unfinished features of the lower floor gives a picture of what was planned to be built, namely a circumambulatory passage supported on pillars mounted with lion posts as the base. The oblong scheme of the layout is conjectured as a plan that was intended to house an Anantashayana Vishnu (reclining image of god Vishnu).
Korean peninsular immigrants and their descendants played a significant role in Japan's cultural missions to Sui China,Nakamura, pp. 96–97. and some peninsular families are even said to have married into the Imperial Family.Kim, p. 75. By 700, it has been conjectured, perhaps one third of all Japanese aristocrats may have been of relatively recent peninsular origin, including the Aya clan.
An air of controversy surrounds this masque, as the Earl of Castlehaven, Bridgewater's brother-in-law, was the subject of a sordid sodomy and rape scandal for which he was executed. Some critics have conjectured that the masque, with its focus on chastity, was designed to "cleanse" the Egerton family.Brested, Barbara. "Comus and the Castlehaven Scandal" Milton Studies 3 (1971), 201–224.
Joseph Tuman has conjectured he saw himself as Mordecai. Ian Lustick thinks it likely Goldstein thought of Yasser Arafat as a modern-day Haman.Ian Lustick For the Land and the Lord: Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel, Council on Foreign Relations (1988) 1994 pp. x–xi. Both Jews and Muslims were permitted to access their respective parts of the compound. At 5:00 a.m.
In algebraic geometry, flips and flops are codimension-2 surgery operations arising in the minimal model program, given by blowing up along a relative canonical ring. In dimension 3 flips are used to construct minimal models, and any two birationally equivalent minimal models are connected by a sequence of flops. It is conjectured that the same is true in higher dimensions.
However, now the niches hold pots of flower pots that reflect their colours behind the cascading water. Another unusual architectural feature mentioned is about the doors of the Baradari. In the garden complex, the Baradari had four exquisite doors made of stones supported by pillars. It is conjectured that these stone doors were ruins from old temples that were demolished by Shahjahan.
All known Giuga numbers are even. If an odd Giuga number exists, it must be the product of at least 14 primes. It is not known if there are infinitely many Giuga numbers. It has been conjectured by Paolo P. Lava (2009) that Giuga numbers are the solutions of the differential equation n' = n+1, where n' is the arithmetic derivative of n.
The torus with minimal Willmore energy, with major radius and minor radius 1 In differential geometry, the Willmore conjecture is a lower bound on the Willmore energy of a torus. It is named after the English mathematician Tom Willmore, who conjectured it in 1965. A proof by Fernando Codá Marques and André Neves was announced in 2012 and published in 2014.
370 online. Gary Forsythe has conjectured that Piso's family came from the middle Tiber valley, on the border of Etruria and Sabine country, and that he was drawing on personal knowledge. The father of this Piso is probably the L. Calpurnius who dedicated a shrine to Feronia at Lucus Feroniae near Capena.Forsythe, "The Tribal Membership of the Calpurnii Pisones," p. 297.
However, people panicked and rushed for the stairs. In the ensuing melee, seventy-three people (including fifty-nine children) were killed. To date, there has been much debate about who cried "fire" and why. It is conjectured by some historians and Woody Guthrie that "fire" was called out by an anti- union ally of mine management to disrupt the party.
St Peter's church. The town's name is conjectured to derive from "Twy-ford-ton" or "Twyverton", meaning "the town on two fords", and was historically referred to as "Twyford". The town stands at the confluence of the rivers Exe and Lowman. Human occupation in the area dates back to the Stone Age, with many flint tools found in the area.
In string theory, K-theory classification refers to a conjectured application of K-theory (in abstract algebra and algebraic topology) to superstrings, to classify the allowed Ramond–Ramond field strengths as well as the charges of stable D-branes. In condensed matter physics K-theory has also found important applications, specially in the topological classification of topological insulators, superconductors and stable Fermi surfaces (, ).
Historian Frank Bladen has conjectured that the cutter either foundered en route, or reached South America but was captured by an indigenous tribe.Bladen (ed.) 1979, vol. 6, p. 201. A year after Integritys departure, on 20 July 1806, King wrote to Viscount Castlereagh expressing concern at the cutter's continued absence and hoping that she had simply been detained by Spanish authorities.
Ghegs in the north of Albania. The Kanun, a comprehensive compilation of Albanian traditional customs and cultural practices, was codified by Lekë Dukagjini in the Middle Ages. Scholars have conjectured that the Kanun might have derived from Illyrian tribal laws, while others have suggested that it has retained elements from Indo-European Prehistoric eras.Dukagjini, L., Gjecov, S., Fox, L. Kanuni i Lekë Dukagjinit.
A positive impact of asteroid mining has been conjectured as being an enabler of transferring industrial activities into space, such as energy generation. A quantitative analysis of the potential environmental benefits of water and platinum mining in space has been developed, where potentially large benefits could materialize, depending on the ratio of material mined in space and mass launched into space.
A critical journalist has claimed that the lower population density in free-range animals need decreased antibiotics usage, and has conjectured that cattle would not get sick if they were not fed a corn-based diet. However, bovine respiratory disease, the most common reason for antibiotic therapy has risk factors common in both forms of production (feedlot and pasture finished).
According to Taylor the metal bending tests had poor controls and Hasted was not in the same room as the subjects for some of the tests. Taylor wrote that "not only are the tests not watertight but the conjectured theory is monumentally silly." Hasted suggested in the book that paranormal effects arise through telepathy from the individual in a parallel universe.John Taylor. (1981).
The inflaton field is a hypothetical scalar field which is conjectured to have driven cosmic inflation in the very early universe. The field, originally postulated by Alan Guth, provides a mechanism by which a period of rapid expansion from 10−35 to 10−34 seconds after the initial expansion can be generated, forming a universe consistent with observed spatial isotropy and homogeneity.
The play's date of authorship is unknown; scholars, judging on internal features, have conjectured dates ranging from 1604 to 1626. Possible allusions to the December 1613 marriage of Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset have been read as indicating a date c. 1614 -- though another allusion to Philip III of Spain and the Duke of Lerma seems to favor 1618-21 or later.
Thucydides places the Calex in the Heracleotis, which agrees very well with the position of the Cales. Lamachus and his troops were compelled to walk along the coast to Chalcedon. Pliny the Elder mentions a river Alces in Bithynia, which it has been conjectured, may be a corruption of Calex. It is identified with the modern Alaplı Su in Asiatic Turkey.
The Khvalisy were a tribe mentioned in old Russian chronicles. August Bielkowski conjectured that Khvalisy referred to the same people called "Khalyzians" by the Byzantine chroniclers. Other scholars believe that "Khvalisy" refers to Khazaran, the twin city of Atil, (the capital of the Khazar Khaganate) and that the term derives from the Khwarazmians who formed a part of the Khazar army (see Arsiyah).
That this passage cannot refer to Julius Caesar is evidenced by several references to events of Augustus's reign; especially to certain new names given to Spanish towns. It has been conjectured that Pomponius Mela may have been related in some way to Marcus Annaeus Mela, who was the son of Seneca the Elder and father of Lucan.Romer 1998, "Introduction", p. 4.
2 Henry VI 1.3.56–67 The Yorkist claim is put so clearly that Henry admits, aside, that his own is weak3 Henry VI 1.1.134—"the first time," notes Kelly, "that such an admission is conjectured in the historical treatment of the period". Shakespeare is suggestively silent in Part 3 on the Yorkist Earl of Cambridge's treachery in Henry V's reign.
Kathryn Sutherland, professor of the Faculty of English Language and Literature at Oxford University, has studied the manuscript of a discarded chapter of Jane Austen's Persuasion and has conjectured that much of Austen's polished style is probably the result of editorial tidying by Gifford, who worked for the publisher John Murray. There is no direct evidence that Gifford edited the work, however.
The principal ideal theorem was conjectured by , and was the last remaining aspect of his program on class fields to be completed, in 1929. reduced the principal ideal theorem to a question about finite abelian groups: he showed that it would follow if the transfer from a finite group to its derived subgroup is trivial. This result was proved by .
Something Wyss had done in his commentary is to bring up several pieces of Swiss folklore on snakes, suggesting connections. He conjectured that herdsmen of the Alps were "probably" talking about the Stollenwurm when they said they believed "serpents" had the habit of sucking milk from pasturing cows, which could be warded against by placing a white rooster near the cows.
The purpose for which it was built has not been discerned. Hence, it has also been conjectured that it could have been built by Thomas Metcalfe as one of his follies, close to his original 'Dilkusha' mansion (now seen in ruins) to enhance the elegance of his retreat.Peck p.236 The Ranjit gate towards the north wall of Lal Kot is in ruins.
Virata, a grand-nephew of former President Emilio Aguinaldo, previously represented the country to World Bank's Council of Governors. Until the 1986 People Power Revolution, Virata held this position. It was conjectured that Marcos bestowed his Prime Ministerial post to Virata because of the latter's distance from mainstream politics. Other than being Marcos' finance minister, Virata was not a political threat.
The theorem was conjectured and proven for special cases, such as Banach spaces, by Juliusz Schauder in 1930. His conjecture for the general case was published in the Scottish book. In 1934, Tychonoff proved the theorem for the case when K is a compact convex subset of a locally convex space. This version is known as the Schauder–Tychonoff fixed point theorem.
A second painting of Winstanley's lighthouse, as well as one of Rudyard's, both by Monamy, are also known. During these years it may reasonably be conjectured that another daughter, Mary, would have been born to Peter and Hannah. There is no known record of her birth in London, but she later married Francis Swaine, on 26 June 1749, at Allhallows, London Wall.
It has been conjectured that ranking in society dictates different roles in society, e.g. some bats are scouts, others are hunters. There has been correlation between a specific bat's social ranking and the size of that bat's potential home range; the higher the social ranking, the lower the home range. The greater noctule bat has an observed active range of 2500 km2.
It was conjectured by Polish mathematician Kazimierz Szymiczek to be impossible and was later proven by Fang and Chen in 2007.Chen, Fang: Triangular numbers in geometric progressionFang: Nonexistence of a geometric progression that contains four triangular numbers Formulas involving expressing an integer as the sum of triangular numbers are connected to theta functions, in particular the Ramanujan theta function.
The Mirsky–Newman theorem, a special case of the Herzog–Schönheim conjecture, states that there is no disjoint distinct covering system. This result was conjectured in 1950 by Paul Erdős and proved soon thereafter by Leon Mirsky and Donald J. Newman. However, Mirsky and Newman never published their proof. The same proof was also found independently by Harold Davenport and Richard Rado.
If one was found, it proved that k was not a Sierpinski number. If the goal had been reached, the conjectured answer 78557 to the Sierpinski problem would be proven true. There is also the possibility that some of the sequences contain no prime numbers. In that case, the search would continue forever, searching for prime numbers where none can be found.
The term Zarphatic, coined by Solomon Birnbaum,S. A. Birnbaum, Yiddish: A Survey and a Grammar, Second Edition (University of Toronto Press, 2016), p. 33. comes from the Hebrew name for France, Tzarfat (צרפת), which was originally used in the Hebrew Bible as a name for the city of Sarepta, in Phoenicia. Some have conjectured that the language influenced the development of Yiddish.
The name of the city is derived from Celtic belo-dunum which means "splendid hill." The name was inspired by the favorable position within the valley. It is conjectured that the population of the area that became Belluno was largely Venetic with a strong Celtic minority. However, as the Romans expanded northward into the Alps, the Celtic either emigrated or were absorbed.
57 Although a hologram is two-dimensional, it encodes information about all three dimensions of the object it represents. In the same way, theories which are related by the AdS/CFT correspondence are conjectured to be exactly equivalent, despite living in different numbers of dimensions. The conformal field theory is like a hologram which captures information about the higher-dimensional quantum gravity theory.
The supremum of the sequence {ω(x, n)} is called the type. Almost all real numbers are S numbers of type 1, which is minimal for real S numbers. Almost all complex numbers are S numbers of type 1/2, which is also minimal. The claims of almost all numbers were conjectured by Mahler and in 1965 proved by Vladimir Sprindzhuk.
Dry-type individuals are homozygous for adenine whereas wet-type requires at least one guanine. Wet-type earwax is associated with armpit odor, which is increased by sweat production. Researchers have conjectured that the reduction in sweat or body odor was beneficial to the ancestors of East Asians and Native Americans who are thought to have lived in cold climates.
The fixed points of the Yamabe flow are metrics of constant scalar curvature in the given conformal class. The flow was first studied in the 1980s in unpublished notes of Richard Hamilton. Hamilton conjectured that, for every initial metric, the flow converges to a conformal metric of constant scalar curvature. This was verified by Rugang Ye in the locally conformally flat case.
169-75, for York, see pp. 186-9. Richard Oram has conjectured that David's ultimate aim was to bring the whole of the ancient kingdom of Northumbria into his dominion. For Oram, this event was the turning point, "the chance to radically redraw the political map of the British Isles lost forever".Oram, David: The King Who Made Scotland, p. 189.
Jared Sparks conjectured that Mullett might have been the author of an unsigned letter from Bristol, to William Palfrey and containing intelligence, dated 16 February 1776. In British politics, Mullett favoured parliamentary reform; and he also supported the American Revolution. In 1778 he joined a Bristol committee for the relief of American prisoners. He travelled three times to America during his life.
In the mathematical field of general topology, a Dowker space is a topological space that is T4 but not countably paracompact. Dowker conjectured that there were no Dowker spaces, and the conjecture was not resolved until M.E. Rudin constructed oneM.E. Rudin, A normal space X for which X × I is not normal, Fundam. Math. 73 (1971) 179-186. Zbl. 0224.54019 in 1971.
Three rooms may have been kitchens as they had evidence of ovens. The study conjectured that the complex was inhabited by a single extended family. The site was not dated, and the archeologists speculated that it could have been occupied any time between the neolithic and the 19th century. The Caravanserai excavation lies immediately west of the bridge's northern approach.
The splay tree is a form of binary search tree invented in 1985 by Daniel Sleator and Robert Tarjan on which the standard searchtree operations run in O(\log(n)) amortized time. It is conjectured to be dynamically optimal in the required sense. That is, a splay tree is believed to perform any sufficiently long access sequence X in time O(OPT(X)).
169-75, for York, see pp. 186-9. Richard Oram has conjectured that David's ultimate aim was to bring the whole of the ancient kingdom of Northumbria into his dominion. For Oram, this event was the turning point, "the chance to radically redraw the political map of the British Isles lost forever".Oram, David: The King Who Made Scotland, p. 189.
Moses was known locally for his philanthropy, and opened portions of the property to the public as a park. It underwent significant alterations c. 1901-02 after it was purchased by George Kent, owner of the Exeter Manufacturing Company. The landscaping of its grounds are conjectured without evidence to have been influenced (directly or indirectly) by the work of Frederick Law Olmsted.
Between 1870 and 1890 the vortex atom theory, which hypothesised that an atom was a vortex in the aether, was popular among British physicists and mathematicians. William Thomson, who became better known as Lord Kelvin, first conjectured that atoms might be vortices in the aether that pervades space. About 60 scientific papers were subsequently written on it by approximately 25 scientists.
Telets (), a member of the Ugain clan, was the ruler of Bulgaria from 762 to 765. Byzantine sources indicate that Telets replaced the legitimate rulers of Bulgaria. The same sources describe Telets as a brave and energetic man in his prime (about 30 years old). Scholars have conjectured that Telets may have belonged to an anti-Slavic faction of the Bulgarian nobility.
Later, when her whereabouts could not be determined, it was conjectured that she had committed suicide. Starting in 1900, the theme became singular - ancient - drawing on Greece and Homer. The theme was documented in invitations, programs and posters. The 1913 theme was “The Barbarians”, 1914 was Homer’s Greece, 1920 was “Ancient Egypt”, 1921 was “Carthage”, and 1927 was “The Khmers”.
Charles Scribner's Sons. :Riemann, and more specifically Clifford, conjectured that forces and matter might be local irregularities in the curvature of space, and in this they were strikingly prophetic, though for their pains they were dismissed at the time as visionaries. In 1990, Ruth Farwell and Christopher Knee examined the record on acknowledgement of Clifford's foresight.Farwell, Ruth, and Christopher Knee. 1990.
Within the village, Well Lane runs parallel to the main A425. It has been conjectured that this was a much earlier approach to the village. The deeply banked sides to the lane bear testimony to it being an ancient right of way. Possibly, with the increase in coaching traffic from the west, the present A425 route was chosen in preference.
There was also a dairy and church at the settlement. It is not known, however, where these buildings were sited so the location of their potential archaeology in unknown. It has been conjectured that the larger building in the north-east corner of the site was overseers' quarters. This view is supported by ceramic shard finds dating from the 1790s to the 1800s.
Beyond this rough intuition, there are several concrete results that suggest that it might be difficult or even impossible to prove NP-hardness for TFNP problems. For example, if any TFNP problem is NP- complete, then NP = coNP,Goldberg and Papadimitriou. Towards a Unified Complexity Theory of Total Functions. 1998. which is generally conjectured to be false, but is still a major open problem in complexity theory.
As a result, wetland was formed. By analyzing the slope soil and wetland sediment, we conjectured that Jangdo wetland depended on the influence of peripheral slope soil. In these concavelandform environment, the supply of water and organic materials was sustained for a long time to form an organicnondegradable wetland environment. In addition, the plants appropriate to this wetland environment were settled to thicken the wetland.
Specifically, it is NP-hard, meaning that it is conjectured that there does not exist a polynomial-time algorithm which finds the optimal allocation. The combinatorial auction problem can be modeled as a set packing problem. Therefore, many algorithms have been proposed to find approximated solutions for combinatorial auction problem. For example, Hsieh (2010) proposed a Lagrangian relaxation approach for combinatorial reverse auction problems.
The investigations were started in 1969. Dinosaur bones were reported in earlier investigations. Based on the investigations carried out by Codrea and Dica in 2005, they have assigned the age of these formations to the Maastrichtian-Miocene age (also conjectured as of Eggenburgian-Ottnangian age). Some of the rare fossils found here are also vertebrates and one of these is of sauropod caudal vertebra.
It is conjectured that people with lower emotional intelligence may not see the impropriety in malevolently creative ideas or disregard how others would perceive them, and thus they have less issue with disclosing such ideas. Given the hypothesis that more malevolently creative solutions should lead to more malevolently creative behaviors, this theory makes sense in light of the deficit in cognitive empathy found in bullying behavior.
Some Darwinists have proposed explanations for formal literary features, including genres. Poetic meter has been attributed to a biologically based three-second metric. Gender preferences for pornography and romance novels have been explained by sexual selection. Different genres have been conjectured to correspond to different basic emotions: tragedy corresponding to sadness, fear, and anger; comedy to joy and surprise; and satire to anger, disgust, and contempt.
The etymology of the island's name is obscure. It is known in Latin as Riduna but as with the names of all the Channel Islands in the Roman period there is a degree of confusion. Riduna may be the original name of Tatihou, while Alderney is conjectured to be identified with Sarnia. Alderney/Aurigny is variously supposed to be a Germanic or Celtic name.
It can be realized as the Voronoi tessellation of the body-centred cubic lattice. Lord Kelvin conjectured that a variant of the bitruncated cubic honeycomb (with curved faces and edges, but the same combinatorial structure) is the optimal soap bubble foam. However, the Weaire–Phelan structure is a less symmetrical, but more efficient, foam of soap bubbles. The honeycomb represents the permutohedron tessellation for 3-space.
In an attempt to prove Macdonald's conjecture, introduced the bi-graded module H_\mu of diagonal harmonics and conjectured that the (modified) Macdonald polynomials are the Frobenius image of the character generating function of Hμ, under the diagonal action of the symmetric group. The proof of Macdonald's conjecture was then reduced to the n! conjecture; i.e., to prove that the dimension of Hμ is n!.
It can not be said with certainty where the first printing press was set up in Bangladesh. It is conjectured that the first printing press in Bangladesh was in Rangpur during 1847, about away from Dhaka. The first printed piece from this printing press was a weekly newspaper named Rangapur Barttabaha (রঙ্গপুর বার্ত্তাবহ) in August 1847. In addition the first two Bengali weekly newspapers were from Rangpur.
Benzodiazepines acted via micromolar benzodiazepine binding sites as Ca2+ channel blockers and significantly inhibit depolarization-sensitive calcium uptake in experimentation on rat brain cell components. This has been conjectured as a mechanism for high-dose effects on seizures in the study. Clonazepam is a 2'-chlorinated derivative of nitrazepam, which increases its potency due to electron-attracting effect of the halogen in the ortho-position.
Irregularities in the otherwise very smooth structure of the shells are conjectured to result from interactions between the winds of the two central stars, and from their orbital motion. Analysis of the expansion of the nebula has given a time for its formation at . This date is inconsistent with the peaks in brightness and with estimates of the periastron passage of the secondary star.
A conceptual version of the Plas yn Rhiw manor house has been interpreted as a 15th-century house having been built with thick stone walls and mud floors, covered with meadowsweet, found locally. Small, unglazed, sliced windows were covered with waxed cloth. There was a heavy main front door. Also conjectured were a main room with a circular staircase leading to a watch tower.
Cossus Cornelius Lentulus was a Roman senator, who was active during the reign of Tiberius. He was consul in the year AD 25 as the colleague of Marcus Asinius Agrippa.Alison E. Cooley, The Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy (Cambridge: University Press, 2012), p. 459 Except for his consulship, the only office Lentulus might have held is governorship of Germania Superior, as Edmund Groag conjectured.
Armstrong at TechCrunch Disrupt in 2013In May 2015, Verizon Communications acquired AOL for $4.4 billion, moving AOL's stock up by over 17%. Armstrong remained in his position as CEO. Fortune conjectured that the Verizon deal would bring Armstrong himself approximately $59 million in stock options. Video content is increasingly becoming a major part of AOL in what CNBC describes as the "content golden age".
Many Westerners, including Engelbert Kaempfer, Philipp Franz von Siebold, and Rutherford Alcock, who visited Edo-era Japan, described ohaguro as an abhorrent custom which disfigured women.Kyouji Watanabe, "Yukishi Yono Omokage", Kindle location 5778, , Published by Heibonsha. Alcock conjectured that the purpose of it is chastity by making the women intentionally unattractive to prevent extramarital relationships. Japanese social scientist Kyouji Watanabe disagrees with this theory.
No similar result is known for the time complexity classes, and indeed it is conjectured that NP is not equal to co-NP. The principle used to prove the theorem has become known as inductive counting. It has also been used to prove other theorems in computational complexity, including the closure of LOGCFL under complementation and the existence of error-free randomized logspace algorithms for USTCON..
It is not clear whether this nomadic lifestyle was already established, or a consequence of the recent turmoil. In fact, a connection between these wanderers and the nomadic tribes of Manchuria has been conjectured. The first king of Goryeo, Taejo, considered these wanderers to be a threat to the stability of the state. He ordered that they be made into slaves of the government.
Every even number is equal to the difference of two consecutive prime numbers in an infinite number of ways … ) :For every positive integer k, there are infinitely many prime gaps of size 2k. The case k = 1 is the twin prime conjecture. He also conjectured Romanov's theorem. His father, Jules de Polignac (1780-1847) was prime minister of Charles X until the Bourbon dynasty was overthrown (1830).
It was perhaps both a retaining wall for the orchestra and peribolos for the sanctuary. Travlos, 1971, p.537 and slightly further up the hill a circularDorpfeld conjectured a circular orchestra of 24-27m from the arc of masonry discovered. However, Carlo Anti posited a quadrilateral shape to the choral space and a polygonal auditorium. See Powers, 2014, p.13 ff for discussion of the competing views.
In the musical practice of just intonation, musical intervals can be described as ratios between positive integers. More specifically, they can be described as ratios between members of the harmonic series. Any musical tone can be broken into its fundamental frequency and harmonic frequencies, which are integer multiples of the fundamental. This series is conjectured to be the basis of natural harmony and melody.
The etymology of "Manglisi" may be related to the Old Georgian mangali, "sickle", ultimately derived from the Syrian maggəlā. The modern Georgian scholar Ketevan Kutateladze has conjectured that, the name of the locality, in the sense of "a crescent", may be a reflection of the Moon cult, an effect of which persisted in the system of religious beliefs of Georgians into the era of Christianity.
A smoothed octagon. The family of maximally dense packings of the smoothed octagon. The smoothed octagon is a region in the plane conjectured to have the lowest maximum packing density of the plane of all centrally symmetric convex shapes.K. Reinhardt, Über die dichteste gitterförmige Lagerung kongruenter Bereiche in der Ebene und eine besondere Art konvexer Kurven, Abh. Math. Sem. Hamburg 10, 216-230 (1934).
Six fragments of poetry by Hallvarðr are quoted in the Skáldskaparmál section of Snorri Sturluson's Prose Edda. One additional fragment is quoted in Knýtlinga saga and one in Heimskringla and kings' sagas derived from it. In Finnur Jónsson's complete edition of skaldic poetry the fragments are conjectured to be all from the same poem, a Knútsdrápa ("Lay of Canute"), and arranged in a suggested order.Eysteinn Björnsson.
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, Grothendieck's homotopy hypothesis states that the ∞-groupoids are equivalent to the topological spaces. If we model our ∞-groupoids as Kan complexes, then the homotopy types of the geometric realizations of these sets give models for every homotopy type. It is conjectured that there are many different "equivalent" models for ∞-groupoids all which can be realized as homotopy types.
The Ganesha Ratha is a fully completed rock-cut structure, while nearby rathas are incomplete. The current stone ratha is a replica of a wooden version which preceded it. Its construction is credited to Narasimhavarman I who reigned 630-688AD. While it is conjectured that this ratha was built prior to the other rathas of the area, there is no historical evidence to confirm it.
He met Albrecht Dürer in Antwerp in 1520, and a Dürer portrait drawing at the National Gallery, London, is conjectured to be of Provost. He married the widow of the miniaturist and painter Simon Marmion, after whose death he inherited the considerable Marmion estate. He died in Bruges, in January 1529. The styles of Gerard David and Hans Memling can be detected in Provoost's religious paintings.
After the House’s approval of articles of impeachment against President Donald Trump, Trump attacked Dingell during his speech at a campaign rally in Battle Creek, Michigan, because of her vote for impeachment. Trump conjectured that her husband, longtime congressman, John Dingell, might be in hell. "Maybe he’s looking up, I don't know, I don't know, maybe, maybe. But let's assume he's looking down," Trump said.
The Elegiae are two poems on the death of Maecenas (8 BC) in elegiac couplets whose ascription to Virgil (70-19 BC) is impossible. It has been conjectured by Scaliger that they are the work of an Albinovanus Pedo, who is also responsible for the Consolatio ad Liviam.Duff, J. W. Minor Latin Poets (Cambridge, 1934) pp.114–5 They were formerly transmitted as one long poem.
The known roads include Dere Street leading North-West from the city through Clifton towards the site of Cataractonium (modern Catterick), Cade's Road Towards Petuaria (modern Brough), and Ermine Street towards Lindum (modern Lincoln). A road bypassing the south wall of the fortress, between the fortress and the River Ouse has not been formally planned, although its path is conjectured to run beneath the York Museum Gardens.
Though little noted in Greek mythology (Pausanias conjectured that the name was merely an epithet of Zeus),Pausanias, Description of Greece, viii. 36. § 3 he was prominent in Greek folk religion;Martin P. Nilsson, Greek Folk Religion. (Columbia University Press), 1981:33, 70, 73. it was customary to drink or pour out a few drops of unmixed wine to honor him in every symposium or formal banquet.
In the 1950s and 1960s a connection between elliptic curves and modular forms was conjectured by the Japanese mathematician Goro Shimura based on ideas posed by Yutaka Taniyama. In the West it became well known through a 1967 paper by André Weil. With Weil giving conceptual evidence for it, it is sometimes called the Taniyama–Shimura–Weil conjecture. It states that every rational elliptic curve is modular.
Nicolas Bernoulli himself proposed an alternative idea for solving the paradox. He conjectured that people will neglect unlikely events . Since in the St. Petersburg lottery only unlikely events yield the high prizes that lead to an infinite expected value, this could resolve the paradox. The idea of probability weighting resurfaced much later in the work on prospect theory by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky.
The effect of his guilty plea meant that the court did not hear any evidence of the suspected U.S. government collusion concerning these arms exports to South Africa. As a result of the arms embargo violation, however, SRC was liquidated. The company was subsequently re-incorporated in Brussels where Bull managed it for several years. He was murdered during 1990, it is commonly conjectured by MOSSAD.
The Albertson conjecture, formulated by Michael O. Albertson in 2007, states that, among all graphs with chromatic number , the complete graph has the minimum number of crossings. That is, if the conjectured formula for the crossing number of the complete graph is correct, then every -chromatic graph has crossing number at least equal to the same formula. The Albertson conjecture is now known to hold for .
In fact, a connection between these wanderers and the nomadic tribes of Manchuria has been conjectured. The first king of Goryeo, Taejo, considered these wanderers to be a threat to the stability of the state. He ordered that they be made into slaves of the government. Although no certain records exist, it is likely that the first kisaeng were drawn from these former wanderers.
Göttingen 1863. In 1838 Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet came up with his own approximating function, the logarithmic integral (under the slightly different form of a series, which he communicated to Gauss). Both Legendre's and Dirichlet's formulas imply the same conjectured asymptotic equivalence of and stated above, although it turned out that Dirichlet's approximation is considerably better if one considers the differences instead of quotients.
The first example of a magnetoelectric effect was discussed in 1888 by Wilhelm Röntgen, who showed that a dielectric material moving through an electric field would become magnetized. The possibility of an intrinsic magnetoelectric effect in a (non- moving) material was conjectured by P. CurieP. Curie J. Physique, 3ième série III (1894) in 1894, while the term "magnetoelectric" was coined by P. DebyeP. Debye, Z. Phys.
This has been confirmed for almost every tree by Mycroft and . conjectured that, whenever a graph G requires 2n-2 or more colors in a coloring of G, then every orientation of G contains every orientation of an n-vertex tree. Because complete graphs require a different color for each vertex, Sumner's conjecture would follow immediately from Burr's conjecture.This is a corrected version of Burr's conjecture from .
Hubsch, 1997) conjectured what this cohomology theory should be for singular target spaces. Tristan Hubsch and Abdul Rahman (T. Hubsch and A. Rahman, 2005) worked to solve the Hubsch conjecture by analyzing the non-transversal case of Witten's gauged linear sigma model (E. Witten,1993) which induces a stratification of these algebraic varieties (termed the ground state variety) in the case of isolated conical singularities.
The horse is then said to have a "full" mouth. After the age of five, age can only be conjectured by studying the wear patterns on the incisors, shape, the angle at which the incisors meet, and other factors. The wear of teeth may also be affected by diet, natural abnormalities, and cribbing. Two horses of the same age may have different wear patterns.
Since the greatest prime factor of 452 + 1 = 2026 is 1013, which is much more than 45 twice, 45 is a Størmer number. In base 10, it is a Kaprekar number and a Harshad number. 45 is the smallest odd number that has more divisors than n+1 and that has a larger sum of divisors than n+1 . 45 is conjectured R(5, 5) .
Berge conjectured the converse, that every Berge graph is perfect. This was finally proven as the strong perfect graph theorem of Chudnovsky, Robertson, Seymour, and Thomas (2006). It trivially implies the perfect graph theorem, hence the name. The perfect graph theorem has a short proof, but the proof of the strong perfect graph theorem is long and technical, based on a deep structural decomposition of Berge graphs.
Born in Rome, John was the son of another John, who was a bishop. It has been conjectured that his father was the Roman noble John Crescentius, a member of the Crescentii family who had married into the family of Count Theophylact I of Tusculum. If so, his father had previously been a duke, and possibly even appointed consul, prior to his ordination as bishop.Mann, pg.
Ain Dara Temple before the Turkish bombing destroyed it in early 2018. Detail of the outer wall of the Ain Dara temple, showing two lions The Ain Dara temple, as excavated, has revealed a three-part layout with structural blocks of basalt on limestone foundations. However, it has been conjectured that the temple probably had a mud-brick superstructure covered with wood paneling, which has not survived.
Paleontology investigations have been carried out at Râpa Roşie near Sebeş town, on the southwestern side of the Transylvanian Basin. The investigations were started in 1969. Dinosaur bones were reported in earlier investigations. Based on the investigations carried out by Codrea and Dica in 2005, they have assigned the age of these formations to the Early Miocene age (also conjectured as of Eggenburgian-Ottnangian age).
The structure is believed by several writers to extend far beyond its visible portion, but no significant sections of its conjectured course remain visible to the naked eye or have been excavated or extensively surveyed, and there is little agreement on an exact course that an extension may have taken. The total original length of the structure is therefore unknown, but may have been up to .
Wouri River Early Duala history may only be conjectured from oral traditions. The Duala trace their ancestry back to a man named Mbedi, who lived in an area called Bakota in what is today Gabon or the Republic of the Congo. His sons, Ewale and Dibombo, migrated north and reached a place called Pitti on the Dibamba River. Here, the brothers parted ways after a row.
More generally, Penrose conjectured that an inequality as above should hold for spacelike submanifolds of spacetimes that are not necessarily time-symmetric. In this case, nonnegative scalar curvature is replaced with the dominant energy condition, and one possibility is to replace the minimal surface condition with an apparent horizon condition. Proving such an inequality remains an open problem in general relativity, called the Penrose conjecture.
For an arbitrary variety X of general type, Demailly showed that every holomorphic map C→ X satisfies some (in fact, many) algebraic differential equations.Demailly (2011), Theorem 0.5. In the opposite direction, Kobayashi conjectured that the Kobayashi pseudometric is identically zero for Calabi–Yau manifolds. This is true in the case of K3 surfaces, using that every projective K3 surface is covered by a family of elliptic curves.
In the same spirit, for a projective variety X over a number field k, Campana conjectured that the Kobayashi pseudometric of X(C) is identically zero if and only if X has potentially dense rational points, meaning that there is a finite extension field F of k such that the set X(F) of F-rational points is Zariski dense in X.Campana (2004), Conjecture 9.20.
NASA's four spacecraft are conjectured to remain in Mars' orbit. Mariner 9, Viking 1 and Viking 2 are expected to lower down into the Martian atmosphere by 2022 and either burn up or crash into the planet's surface.NASA - This Month in NASA History: Mariner 9, November 29, 2011 — Vol. 4, Issue 9 Mars Global Surveyor is expected to crash onto the surface of the planet by 2047.
Huchoun ("little Hugh") or Huchown "of the Awle Ryale" (fl. 14th century) is a poet conjectured to have been writing sometime in the 14th century. Some academics, following the Scottish antiquarian George Neilson (1858–1923), have identified him with a Scottish knight, Hugh of Eglinton, and advanced his authorship of several significant pieces of alliterative verse. Current opinion is that there is little evidence to support this.
Bedell was also famously noted for his translation of the old testament Bible into the Irish language. The present Cathedral contains a Hiberno Romanesque doorway dating from c.1170, in the twelfth century, conjectured locally (but unlikely) originally to have come from Holy Trinity priory located a short distance away upon Trinity Island in Lough Oughter. Holy Trinity priory was built mid-thirteenth century.
Little is known about the original context in which the bowl was found. However, based on its inscription, it is conjectured by archaeologists to have been deposited in Wey, near present-day Huixian in Henan province. Past owners of the vessel include the British diplomat Dugald Malcolm, before the gui was purchased by the British Museum with the support of the Brooke Sewell bequest.
Archaeologist Takanashi Osamu noted that the Gusuku Site Complex on Kikai Island ceased to function in the first half of the 13th century although it re-emerged, albeit on a smaller scale, in the second half of the 13th century. Takanashi conjectured that Yoritomo's expedition to Kikai Island had effectively destroyed the Gusuku Site Complex's function as the trade center of the Southern Islands.
However, anti- revolutionary sources conjectured that just 32 were killed. Khomeini was released after eight months of house arrest and continued his agitation, condemning Iran's close cooperation with Israel and its capitulations, or extension of diplomatic immunity, to American government personnel in Iran. In November 1964, Khomeini was re-arrested and sent into exile where he remained for 15 years (mostly in Najaf, Iraq), until the revolution.
It is conjectured that ACC0 is unable to compute the majority function of its inputs (i.e. the inclusion in TC0 is strict), but this remains unresolved as of July 2018. Every problem in ACC0 can be solved by circuits of depth 2, with AND gates of polylogarithmic fan-in at the inputs, connected to a single gate computing a symmetric function. These circuits are called SYM+-circuits.
Michel Provost, Carte archéologique de la Gaule - L'Indre-et-Loire, Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres,1988, p109. It has been conjectured, however, that the aqueduct was privately owned and serviced the complex of private villas at Sainte- Roselle.Jacques Dubois, Archéologie aérienne : Patrimoine de Touraine, (Alan Sutton, 2003), p34.Jacques Dubois, Archéologie aérienne en Touraine, Revue archéologique de Picardie, no spécial 17,1999, p.359-366.
An equivalent statement on homogeneous linear forms was originally conjectured by Hermann Minkowski. A consequence is Minkowski's conjecture on lattice tilings, which says that in any lattice tiling of space by cubes, there are two cubes that meet face to face. Keller's conjecture is the same conjecture for non-lattice tilings, which turns out to be false in high dimensions. Hajós's theorem was generalized by Tibor Szele.
It included the Cemitério dos Ingleses, where the British workers were buried, and where ten tombstones have been found with English inscriptions. There are traces of a hospital and two churches, one Catholic and the other Anglican. It has been conjectured that the house of the Baron of Catas Altas covered , assuming it was one story high. Near Sector 1 there is a chimney high and wide.
In high energy physics, K-theory and in particular twisted K-theory have appeared in Type II string theory where it has been conjectured that they classify D-branes, Ramond–Ramond field strengths and also certain spinors on generalized complex manifolds. In condensed matter physics K-theory has been used to classify topological insulators, superconductors and stable Fermi surfaces. For more details, see K-theory (physics).
Several Ngugi names survive behind European transcriptions of their language, for the Cape Moreton headland area: Mijin Boowell, Gunemba, Boogaram-calleem, and Cangallioon. It has been conjectured that these terms refer respectively to the midjin bush and berry, canumba (honey), boogaram (bullroarer) or buggeree (bugara), i.e., the braided string used to swing the bullroarer. The cape was a ritual centre for bora initiation ceremonies.
Shelstad has been a key player in the development of the theory of endoscopy which is part of Langlands program. She co-conjectured the fundamental lemma with Robert Langlands in 1984. After over 20 years, this conjecture was solved by Ngô Bảo Châu in 2009, thus opening up a wealth of consequences. In 1999, Shelstad developed a theory of twisted endoscopy with Robert Kottwitz.
Egnatius Victor was probably the brother of Egnatia Mariniana, who was the wife of Valerian and mother of Gallienus. It has been conjectured that he had a son named Egnatius Lucillianus;Settipani, Christian, Continuité gentilice et continuité sénatoriale dans les familles sénatoriales romaines à l'époque impériale (2000), pp. 398-400 however, a relationship between the imperial gens Egnatia and Egnatius Lucillianus has been described as very doubtful.
This was a theory put forward by the former NASA scientist Addison Bain, and later tested in small scale by the scientific reality-TV show MythBusters with semi-inconclusive results (it was proven not to be the fault of the thermite reaction alone, but instead conjectured to be a combination of that and the burning of hydrogen gas that filled the body of the Hindenburg). The MythBusters program also tested the veracity of a video found on the Internet, whereby a quantity of thermite in a metal bucket was ignited while sitting atop several blocks of ice, causing a sudden explosion. They were able to confirm the results, finding huge chunks of ice as far as 50m from the point of explosion. Co-host Jamie Hyneman conjectured that this was due to the thermite mixture aerosolizing, perhaps in a cloud of steam, causing it to burn even faster.
The Altai Mountains in what is now southern Russia and central Mongolia have been identified as the point of origin of a cultural enigma termed the Seima-Turbino Phenomenon. It is conjectured that changes in climate in this region around 2000 BC and the ensuing ecological, economic and political changes triggered a rapid and massive migration westward into northeast Europe, eastward into China and southward into Vietnam and Thailand across a frontier of some 4,000 miles. This migration took place in just five to six generations and led to peoples from Finland in the west to Thailand in the east employing the same metal working technology and, in some areas, horse breeding and riding. It is further conjectured that the same migrations spread the Uralic group of languages across Europe and Asia: some 39 languages of this group are still extant, including Hungarian, Finnish and Estonian.
In mathematics, the André–Oort conjecture is an open problem in Diophantine geometry, a branch of number theory, that builds on the ideas found in the Manin–Mumford conjecture, which is now a theorem. A prototypical version of the conjecture was stated by Yves André in 1989. and a more general version was conjectured by Frans Oort in 1995.. The modern version is a natural generalisation of these two conjectures.
The ion was first produced in a laboratory in 1925. It is stable in isolation, but extremely reactive, and cannot be prepared in bulk, because it would react with any other molecule with which it came into contact. Noted as the strongest known acid, its occurrence in the interstellar medium has been conjectured since the 1970s, and it was finally detected in April 2019 using the airborne SOFIA telescope.
Chad Raines (March 2, 2018). "Orioles sign Danny Valencia to minor-league deal; The Orioles are bringing the versatile Danny Valencia aboard," MLB Daily Dish. NBC Sports opined that Valencia could platoon in right field with Colby Rasmus (while others conjectured that he might platoon with first baseman Chris Davis or back up third baseman Tim Beckham), and back up a number of other positions.Craig Calcaterra (March 2, 2018).
FP (complexity) (standing for "Function Polynomial") is the class of function problems that can be solved in deterministic polynomial time. FP \subseteq CLS, and it is conjectured that this inclusion is strict. This class represents the class of function problems that are believed to be computationally tractable (without randomization). If TFNP = FP, then P = NP ∩ coNP, which should be intuitive given the fact that TFNP = F(NP \cap coNP).
Both Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406) and Ibn Hazm (994-1064) as well as Berber genealogists held that the Himyarite Arab ancestry was totally unacceptable.H.T.Norris, Saharan Myth and Saga (Oxford Univ. 1972) at 26, 30, citing René Basset (1900 & 1901). Yet Norris also notes that E.F.Gautier (1942) found an echo in the 6th century Byzantine historian Procopius of the Himyarite myth, and conjectured an ancient Canaanite Völkerwanderungen, finding common cultural symbols.
Fermat's Last Theorem was conjectured by Pierre de Fermat in the 1600s, states the impossibility of finding solutions in positive integers for the equation x^n+y^n=z^n with n>2. Fermat himself gave a proof for the n = 4 case using his technique of infinite descent, and other special cases were subsequently proved, but the general case was not proved until 1994 by Andrew Wiles.
In graph theory, the strong perfect graph theorem is a forbidden graph characterization of the perfect graphs as being exactly the graphs that have neither odd holes (odd-length induced cycles) nor odd antiholes (complements of odd holes). It was conjectured by Claude Berge in 1961. A proof by Maria Chudnovsky, Neil Robertson, Paul Seymour, and Robin Thomas was announced in 2002; . and published by them in 2006.
Minakata also conjectured that in some parts of the country, mizuchi eventually came to be regarded as creatures of the kappa kind. This is because the kappa creatures are known locally by many names that sound much like mizuchi, such as mizushi (former Noto Province, Ishikawa Prefecture), medochi (Nanbu region, parts of Iwate, Aomori, Akita), mintsuchi (Ezo, now Hokkaido)., "Year of the Dragon", p. 117; "Year of the Serpent", p.
There is no clear testimony in ancient literature to identify the athletes or heroes depicted by the bronzes. It seems that the two nudes originally formed part of a votive group in a large sanctuary. It is conjectured that the bronze sculptures may represent Tydeus and Amphiaraus respectively, two of the warriors from the Seven against Thebes monumental group in the polis of Argos, as Pausanias noted.Pausanias, Description of Greece 2.20.
The Rorgonids controlled the County of Maine throughout the ninth century. The Rorgonids and the Widonids competed for control of the Breton March through much of that time. The first known ruler of Maine (called the Duke of Maine) was Charivius, who is conjectured by Christian Settipani to be the brother or nephew of Lambert, Count of Hesbaye. Further, Settipani identifies Charivius as a direct ancestor of the Rorgonids.
The 1465 mystery eruption was a large volcanic eruption conjectured to have taken place in 1465 or "the early 1460s". The location of this eruption is uncertain, as it has only been identified from distant ice core records and atmospheric events around the time of King Alfonso II of Naples's wedding in 1465; it is believed to have been VEI-7 and possibly even larger than Mount Tambora's 1815 eruption.
William Langland, the conjectured author of Piers Plowman, is known to have been a tenant in Shipton-under-Wychwood where he died. The village has three historic public houses: the Shaven Crown Hotel, The Wychwood and the Lamb Inn. The Shaven Crown HotelShaven Crown Hotel overlooking the village green was once a guest house run by the monks of Bruern Abbey. The present building is mainly 15th century.
Though he had not seen its samarae, he was confident that it was "a very different elm" from the field elm 'Rugosa' cultivar. Noting similarities between Ulmus montana rugosa and Ulmus crispa Willdenow, he conjectured that Ulmus montana rugosa, which has "similar but less frizzy leaves", may have arisen from Ulmus crispa. The 'Rugosa' of Hartwig and Rümpler was described as having somewhat folded leaves, and being pyramidal, thick and bushy.
The name was not created until many centuries after the script's creation, and comes from the Old Church Slavonic глаголъ glagolŭ "utterance". The verb glagolati means "to speak". It has been conjectured that the name Glagolica developed in Croatia around the 14th century and was derived from the word glagolity, applied to adherents of the liturgy in Slavonic.Bernard Comrie and Greville G. Corbett, The Slavonic Languages, Taylor & Francis, 2002, p. 29.
Quantum cryptography is the science of exploiting quantum mechanical properties to perform cryptographic tasks. The best known example of quantum cryptography is quantum key distribution which offers an information- theoretically secure solution to the key exchange problem. The advantage of quantum cryptography lies in the fact that it allows the completion of various cryptographic tasks that are proven or conjectured to be impossible using only classical (i.e. non-quantum) communication.
Similarly to the twin prime conjecture, it is conjectured that there are infinitely many prime triplets. The first known gigantic prime triplet was found in 2008 by Norman Luhn and François Morain. The primes are (p, p + 2, p + 6) with p = 2072644824759 × 233333 − 1\. the largest known proven prime triplet contains primes with 20008 digits, namely the primes (p, p + 2, p + 6) with p = 4111286921397 × 266420 − 1.
Baker's theorem, while the lower two rows are detailed at the six exponentials theorem article. The strongest result that has been conjectured in this circle of problems is the strong four exponentials conjecture.Waldschmidt, (2000), conjecture 11.17. This result would imply both aforementioned conjectures concerning four exponentials as well as all the five and six exponentials conjectures and theorems, as illustrated to the right, and all the three exponentials conjectures detailed below.
Using properties of this function, he generalized Fermat's little theorem to what is now known as Euler's theorem. He contributed significantly to the theory of perfect numbers, which had fascinated mathematicians since Euclid. He proved that the relationship shown between even perfect numbers and Mersenne primes earlier proved by Euclid was one-to- one, a result otherwise known as the Euclid–Euler theorem. Euler also conjectured the law of quadratic reciprocity.
Since the 1950s it has been conjectured to be Influenza A virus subtype H2N2. A 1999 seroarcheological study asserted the strain to be Influenza A virus subtype H3N8. A 2005 genomic virological study says that "it is tempting to speculate" that the virus might not have been actually an influenza virus, but human coronavirus OC43. Danish researchers reached a similar conclusion in 2020, in a yet-unpublished study.
He suggested that she was the daughter of Menkaure and the sister of Shepseskaf. Ludwig Borchardt suggested that Shepseskaf was a commoner who married the king’s daughter, Khentkaus. He further thought that Sahure and Neferirkare Kakai were sons of Shepseskaf and Khentkaus. Borchardt conjectured that Userkaf was an outsider who was able to take the throne because Sahure and Neferirkare were too young to ascend the throne when Shepseskaf died.
In 1838 Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet came up with his own approximating function, the logarithmic integral li(x) (under the slightly different form of a series, which he communicated to Gauss). Both Legendre's and Dirichlet's formulas imply the same conjectured asymptotic equivalence of π(x) and x / ln(x) stated above, although it turned out that Dirichlet's approximation is considerably better if one considers the differences instead of quotients.
To delete these recordings, the user can visit the "Manage My Device" page on Amazon.com or contact Amazon customer service. In May 2018, it was reported that an Echo device had sent a recorded conversation to an acquaintance of a user who did not intend for this to happen. Amazon apologized and conjectured that one part of the conversation had been misinterpreted as a command to distribute it.
Jainism is an ancient Indian religion of obscure origins. Jains claim it to be eternal, and consider the first tirthankara Rishabhanatha as its earthly founder. Scholars have conjectured that images such as those of the bull in Indus Valley Civilization seal are related to Jainism. It is one of the Śramaṇa traditions of ancient India, those that rejected the Vedas, and according to the philosopher Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, it existed before them.
He was born into a noble family in the town of San Ginesio, Macerata, Italy. It has been conjectured that Gentili's mother might have been the source of his early love for jurisprudence, but it was his father, Matteo Gentili, a renowned physician, who assumed the role of his tutor in Latin and Greek. He obtained a doctoral degree in law at the University of Perugia at the age of 20.
39 of Book Magazine (December 1984; Book Magazine Company) contains a man from Ikoma city in Nara prefecture discussing a similar experience.citation: p.85 of 傑作選7 Although this man's account of his experience did not garner any particular attention at the time of Vol. 39's publication, the magazine's publisher Koji Meguro later conjectured that the phenomenon probably already existed "below the radar" even before "Mariko Aoki".
In 1983 Gromov conjectured that the round hemisphere gives the "best" way of filling the circle among all filling surfaces. The case of simply-connected fillings is equivalent to Pu's inequality. Recently the case of genus-1 fillings was settled affirmatively, as well (see reference by Bangert et al. below). Namely, it turns out that one can exploit a half-century old formula by J. Hersch from integral geometry.
109 Historian Plamen Pavlov theorises that Isbul may have begun his career under the ruler Krum (r. 803–814), and by the time of Krum's son Omurtag (r. 815–831), Isbul was already an influential noble. As he is referred to as a kavhan and regent of the next ruler, Malamir (r. 831–836), it is conjectured that he had been appointed to the office at some point during Omurtag's rule.
It is also possible to describe sonata rondo form by starting out with rondo form and describing how it is transformed to be more like sonata form. For this explanation, see rondo. Cuthbert Girdlestone conjectured in his "Mozart and His Piano Concertos" that the sonata rondo form derives also in part from the dances en rondeau of Jean-Philippe Rameau, among others, by structural elaboration, possibly an innovation of Mozart's.
He became intensely interested in the Game of Life shortly after John Horton Conway had proposed it. Conway conjectured the existence of infinitely growing patterns, and offered a reward for an example. Gosper was the first to find such a pattern, the glider gun, and won the prize. Gosper was also the originator of the Hashlife algorithm that can speed up the computation of Life patterns by many orders of magnitude.
A Lychrel number is a natural number which cannot form a palindromic number through the iterative process of repeatedly reversing its digits and adding the resulting numbers. 196 is the lowest number conjectured to be a Lychrel number in base 10; the process has been carried out for over a billion iterations without finding a palindrome, but no one has ever proven that it will never produce one.
This suggests that natural selection would favor TSD, as TSD may enhance the fitness of offspring. An alternative hypothesis of adaptive significance was proposed by Bulmer and Bull in 1982 and supported by the work of Pen et al. (2010). They conjectured that disruptive selection produced by variation in the environment could result in an evolutionary transition from ESD to GSD (Bull, Vogt, and Bulmer, 1982). Pen et al.
Michelangelo's The Last Judgment - St Bartholomew holding the knife of his martyrdom and his flayed skin; it is conjectured that Michelangelo included a self-portrait depicting himself as St Bartholomew after he had been flayed alive. Flaying, also known colloquially as skinning, is a method of slow and painful execution in which skin is removed from the body. Generally, an attempt is made to keep the removed portion of skin intact.
Quasi-excellent rings are conjectured to be the base rings for which the problem of resolution of singularities can be solved; showed this in characteristic 0, but the positive characteristic case is (as of 2016) still a major open problem. Essentially all Noetherian rings that occur naturally in algebraic geometry or number theory are excellent; in fact it is quite hard to construct examples of Noetherian rings that are not excellent.
According to Kurai Norio (b. 1923), a local historian from Amami Ōshima, shimaguchi contrasted with Yamatoguchi, while shimayumuta was associated with accentual and intonational differences among various shima (villages). Ebara Yoshimori (1905–1988), a folklorist from Naze, Amami Ōshima, conjectured that shimaguchi was of relatively recent origin, possibly made through analogy with Yamatoguchi. He thought that the dialect of one's home community was better referred to as shimayumuta.
It was conjectured by Lovász and Plummer that the number of perfect matchings contained in a cubic, bridgeless graph is exponential in the number of the vertices of the graph .. The conjecture was first proven for bipartite, cubic, bridgeless graphs by , later for planar, cubic, bridgeless graphs by . The general case was settled by , where it was shown that every cubic, bridgeless graph contains at least 2^{n/3656} perfect matchings.
This supposition, the 36 officer problem, requires placing six regiments of six differently ranked officers in a 6-x-6 square without having any rank or regiment in the same column. Such an arrangement would form a Graeco-Latin square. Euler conjectured there was no solution to this problem. Although Euler was correct, his conjecture was not settled until Gaston Tarry came up with an exhaustive proof in 1901.
Astronomers use Zeta Aquilae as a telluric standard star. That is, the spectrum of this star is used to correct for telluric contamination from the Earth's atmosphere when examining the spectra of neighboring stars. Observation of this star in the infrared band during the 2MASS survey appeared to reveal excess emission. However, the distribution of this emission couldn't be readily explained by a conjectured disk of circumstellar dust.
Its site is located near the modern Koroni, which is situated upon a hill jutting out into the sea above Cape Acritas. The ancient town of Corone was situated further north; and it has been reasonably conjectured that the inhabitants of Corone removed from their town to the deserted site of Asine, and carried with them their ancient name - such a migration of names not being uncommon in Greece.
Misty is reportedly the name of a classified project by the United States National Reconnaissance Office to operate stealthy reconnaissance satellites. The satellites are conjectured to be photo reconnaissance satellites and the program has been the subject of atypically public debates about its worthiness in the defense budget since December 2004. The estimated project costs in 2004 were, at the time of statement, US$9.5 billion (inflation adjusted US$ billion in ).
During the 5th and 6th centuries Surrey was conquered and settled by Saxons. The names of possible tribes inhabiting the area have been conjectured on the basis of place names. These include the (around Godalming) and (between Woking and Wokingham in Berkshire). It has also been speculated that the entries for the and peoples in the Tribal Hidage may refer to two groups living in the vicinity of Surrey.
Then, connect every point on the -axis by a straight line segment to every point on the -axis. However, their proofs that this formula is optimal, that is, that there can be no drawings with fewer crossings, were erroneous. The gap was not discovered until eleven years after publication, nearly simultaneously by Gerhard Ringel and Paul Kainen. Nevertheless, it is conjectured that Zarankiewicz's and Urbanik's formula is optimal.
The smallest 8-crossing cubic graphs include the Nauru graph and the McGee graph or (3,7)-cage graph, with 24 vertices. The smallest 11-crossing cubic graphs include the Coxeter graph with 28 vertices. In 2009, Pegg and Exoo conjectured that the smallest cubic graph with crossing number 13 is the Tutte–Coxeter graph and the smallest cubic graph with crossing number 170 is the Tutte 12-cage.
Philosophically, Ellis (like George Boole and later John Venn) defended an objective rather than subjective theory of probability. He corresponded with Augustus De Morgan on the conjectured four color theorem. Ellis took on the editing of Francis Bacon's works with two other Trinity fellows, Douglas Denon Heath and James Spedding. Dramatic deterioration of Ellis's health from 1847 left his work on the general prefaces to Bacon's philosophy unfinished.
Conjectured flag for Archenland, based on a colour illustration by Pauline Baynes of the uniforms of Cor's attendants in chapter 14 of The Horse and His Boy (1998 ed.). Archenland is a mountainous country south of Narnia. It is bordered on the north by Narnia and on the south by the Winding Arrow river. The seat of government is at Anvard, in the heart of the country, a fortified area.
Of other works mentioned by Anthony Wood, the Bodleian Library hold a manuscript treatise on the surplice entitled The Church's Linen Garment, dated 1646, among its Tanner manuscripts (No. 262). Eliot Warburton conjectured that Watts was author of two manuscripts describing portions of Prince Rupert's maritime exploits during the Commonwealth period; he found those among the Rupert manuscripts and printed them in the third volume of his Life of the prince.
Construction of a regular pentagon using straightedge and compass. This is only possible because 5 is a alt=Construction of a regular pentagon using straightedge and compass Fermat primes are primes of the form :F_k = 2^{2^k}+1, with k a nonnegative integer. also include 2^0+1=2, which is not of this form. They are named after Pierre de Fermat, who conjectured that all such numbers are prime.
It has been conjectured that the golden spheres were originally three flat yellow effigies of bezants, or gold coins, laid heraldically upon a sable field, but that they were converted into spheres to better attract attention. Most European towns called the pawn shop the "Lombard". The Lombards were a banking community in medieval London, England. According to legend, a Medici employed by Charlemagne slew a giant using three bags of rocks.
As natives of the Canary Islands are believed to have originally been pre-civilization Berbers, it is conjectured that Chaxiraxi may have been adapted from the Punic-Berber goddess Tanit, and given a different name and set of attributes. She is also associated by some with the alleged appearance c. 1392, 1400 or 1401 of the Virgin of Candelaria on Güímar, on the island of Tenerife, carrying her infant, Chijoraji.
Joseph Alston In 1801, Theodosia married Joseph Alston, a wealthy landowner from South Carolina who would become the 44th governor of that state. They honeymooned at Niagara Falls, the first recorded couple to do so. It has been conjectured that there was more than romance involved in this union. Burr agonized intensely and daily about money matters, particularly as to how he would hold on to the Richmond Hill estate.
No definite evidence on the play's date of origin or early performance history has survived. Scholars have conjectured dates of authorship any time in the interval between 1608 and 1634. Critics who consider the play crude have favored an early date, and thought of the work as Webster's first venture into the genre of tragedy. Others have focused on the 1625–27 period as perhaps the most likely.
Its origin has been conjectured to come either from Germanic berg "hill", "mount" or birkja "place of the birch trees", designating the birch tree wood nearby.Maurits Gysseling, Toponymisch Woordenboek van België, Nederland, Luxemburg, Noord-Frankrijk en West-Duitsland (vóór 1226), 1960, pp. 198–199 (read in French, Dutch and German) Ernest Nègre, 732 The Modern Dutch word for "birch" is berk. In Dutch the name is Berk-aan-Zee.
Paul the Apostle's Epistle to the Romans (16:6) mentions a Mary. She is said to have treated Paul with special kindness, and to have "laboured much among" the early Christian community. Although it has been conjectured that she is the same person as the Mary mother of John Mark , this is generally considered to be unproven . Most traditions hold that there is nothing more known about her.
This is a natural harbour known for large fishing and marketing. It is conjectured that the Kanakadurga fort and other land side forts such as Bankot fort, Fategad fort and Gova fort were built primarily as lookout forts for the security of the Suvarnadurg fort. There is no landing jetty at the Suvarnadurga fort. However, the landing is on the shores of the sandy beach of the rocky island.
It has been conjectured that the character Horrabin might have provided inspiration for Stephen King's clown, Pennywise, which also inhabited sewers, in the novel It. Javier Olivares has stated that the novel was one of the main inspirations for the Spanish television show El Ministerio del Tiempo, which he co-created. Andy Lane has stated his Doctor Who novel, All-Consuming Fire, was "[his] attempt to emulate" Powers' Anubis Gates.
Aboriginal genetic studies suggest that the first inhabitants of the Americas share a single ancestral population, one that developed in isolation, conjectured to be Beringia. The isolation of these peoples in Beringia might have lasted 10,000–20,000 years. page 2 Around 16,500 years ago, the glaciers began melting, allowing people to move south and east into Canada and beyond. Dyke, A.S., A. Moore, and L. Robertson, 2003, Deglaciation of North America.
The unitary highest weight representations of these algebras have a classification analogous to that for the Virasoro algebra, with a continuum of representations together with an infinite discrete series. The existence of these discrete series was conjectured by Daniel Friedan, Zongan Qiu, and Stephen Shenker (1984). It was proven by Peter Goddard, Adrian Kent and David Olive (1986), using a supersymmetric generalisation of the coset construction or GKO construction.
The Mausoleum of Ateban was built in the second century BC by the inhabitants of Dougga in remembrance of an important prince or dignitary of Numidia. Some have conjectured that it was built for Massinissa, King of Numidia. A limestone frieze with bilingual script was installed on the podium of the mausoleum. The left half of the inscription was engraved in the Punic language, the other half in Old Libyan.
The origin of the word 'tangram' is unclear. One conjecture holds that it is a compound of the Greek element '-gram' derived from γράμμα ('written character, letter, that which is drawn') with the 'tan-' element being variously conjectured to be Chinese t'an 'to extend' or Cantonese t'ang 'Chinese'.Oxford English Dictionary, 1910, s.v. Alternatively, the word may be derivative of the archaic English 'trangram' meaning "an odd, intricately contrived thing".
It describes Christian doctrine on the Paschal mystery in the style of Second Sophistic period. It was originally conjectured to have probably been recited with the kind of cantillation customary in scripture reading.Wellesz E.J. "Journal of Theological Studies", 44 (1943), pp. 41-52 Its first editor, Campbell Bonner, entitled it mistakenly On the Passion.Cf. Bonner, C. (1936) The Homily on the Passion by Melito, Bishop of Sardis, pp. 107-119.
The word rickets may be from the Old English word wrickken ('to twist'), although because this is conjectured, several major dictionaries simply say "origin unknown". The name rickets is plural in form but usually singular in construction. The Greek word "rachitis" (ῥαχίτης,Greek Word Study Tool meaning "in or of the spine") was later adopted as the scientific term for rickets, due chiefly to the words' similarity in sound.
The Sierpiński problem asks for the value of the smallest Sierpiński number. In private correspondence with Paul Erdős, Selfridge conjectured that 78,557 was the smallest Sierpiński number. No smaller Sierpiński numbers have been discovered, and it is now believed that 78,557 is the smallest number. To show that 78,557 really is the smallest Sierpiński number, one must show that all the odd numbers smaller than 78,557 are not Sierpiński numbers.
Archeological remains of stupas have been found in Deorkothar that suggest deliberate destruction, conjectured to be one mentioned in Divyavadana about Pushyamitra. It is unclear when the Deorkothar stupas were destroyed, and by whom. The fictional tales of Divyavadana is considered by scholars as being of doubtful value as a historical record. Moriz Winternitz, for example, stated, "these legends [in the Divyāvadāna] scarcely contain anything of much historical value".
Hillier at first conjectured U. minor, as did Heybroek (2009). Identical-looking elm cultivars in Russia (if they are not imported 'JH') are labelled forms of Siberian Elm, Ulmus pumila, which is known to produce 'JH'-type long shoots. Melville considered 'JH' a hybrid cultivar from the 'Elegantissima' group of Ulmus × hollandica. Uncertainty about its parentage has led most nurserymen to list the tree simply as Ulmus 'Jacqueline Hillier'.
The name Stechford is apparently a reference to the Stich or Stitch, a local tributary of the River Cole, although the Stitch is now entirely under culverts. A ford over the Cole is first referenced in 1249. The name Stechford was unknown until the construction of Stechford Station in 1844, and it has been conjectured that it was simply a railway misspelling. The name Stycheforde is attested since 1400.
M-theory is a theory in physics that unifies all consistent versions of superstring theory. Edward Witten first conjectured the existence of such a theory at a string-theory conference at the University of Southern California in the spring of 1995. Witten's announcement initiated a flurry of research activity known as the second superstring revolution. Prior to Witten's announcement, string theorists had identified five versions of superstring theory.
In other words, what are the possible sequences of numbers of faces of each dimension for a simplicial d-sphere? In the case of polytopal spheres, the answer is given by the g-theorem, proved in 1979 by Billera and Lee (existence) and Stanley (necessity). It has been conjectured that the same conditions are necessary for general simplicial spheres. The conjecture was proved by Karim Adiprasito in December 2018.
It has been conjectured that whatever took place inside the enclosures was intended to be separate from the outside world and perhaps known only to select individuals or groups. The alignment of henges is a contentious issue. Popular belief is that their entrances point towards certain heavenly bodies. But henge orientation is highly variable and may have been determined more by local topography than by desire for symbolic orientation.
Artin conjectured that every proper scheme over the integers has finite Brauer group.Milne (1980), Question IV.2.19. This is far from known even in the special case of a smooth projective variety X over a finite field. Indeed, the finiteness of the Brauer group for surfaces in that case is equivalent to the Tate conjecture for divisors on X, one of the main problems in the theory of algebraic cycles.
The magnesium was of very high purity. Harder conjectured that the lightweight metal, normally very brittle, might become exceptionally hard and strong if purified and made free from crystalline defects. If that were the case, it would be a very good metal for the construction of a flying device. Construction of such high-strength metals is now thought possible with insights gained from the emerging field of nanotechnology.
Veremund or Veremundus (later vernacular Vermudo or Bermudo) was a Suevic king of Galicia around 500. His existence is conjectured on the basis of a sixth- century inscription discovered at Salvador de Vairão. The date in the inscription is interpreted as either 485 or 535. Some scholars have dated the inscription to the eighth century, arguing that the Veremundus of the inscription is King Bermudo I of Asturias.
Budigunta near Bellary was said to be the largest and recorded as being 46 feet in height and 420 feet in circumference. Robert Sewell conjectured that the region was once densely forested and considered several possible explanations including furnaces. He also had the material examined and it was declared that it could not have come from furnaces or brick kilns. The burning of animal matter was considered as one possible source.
This result is known as the Thurston-Jørgensen theorem. Further work characterizing this set was done by Gromov. The figure-eight knot and the (-2, 3, 7) pretzel knot are the only two knots whose complements are known to have more than 6 exceptional surgeries; they have 10 and 7, respectively. Cameron Gordon conjectured that 10 is the largest possible number of exceptional surgeries of any hyperbolic knot complement.
A burning smell led the ISS crew to suspect another Elektron fire, but the unit was only "very hot". A leak of corrosive, odorless potassium hydroxide forced the ISS crew to don gloves and face masks. It has been conjectured that the smell came from overheated rubber seals. The incident occurred shortly after STS-115 left and just before arrival of a resupply mission (including space tourist Anousheh Ansari).
Karl August Reinhardt (27 January 1895 Frankfurt am Main – 27 April 1941 Berlin) was a German mathematician who discovered the 5 tile-transitive pentagon tilings, solved the odd case of the biggest little polygon problem, and constructed the smoothed octagon conjectured to be the worst-packing point-symmetric planar convex shape. He also gave a partial solution to Hilbert's eighteenth problem by discovering an anisohedral tiling in three dimensions.
The extension to incomplete markets was first conjectured by Andreu Mas-Colell in 1986. To do this he remarks that Walras's law and homogeneity of degree zero can be understood as the fact that the excess demand only depends on the budget set itself. Hence, homogeneity is only saying that excess demand is the same if the budget sets are the same. This formulation extends to incomplete markets.
Albinus was a member of the patrician gens Postumia, and the son of Aulus Postumius Albinus, who was a consul in 242 BC.Smith, pg. 91 He was elected as a consul for the first time in 234 BC, during which he campaigned against the Ligures.Broughton, pgs. 223-224 It has been conjectured that he was then elected Praetor for the first time in the following year (233 BC).
The car made its first public debut on March 1st at the 2016 Geneva Motor Show. A production version has been conjectured to follow in 2018, commemorating the 50th anniversary of the original Opel GT's unveiling in 1968, and Opel hasn't ruled out the possibility. Unfortunately, a production Opel GT concept has been cancelled due to shrinking market for sports cars and also due to Opel's acquisition by Groupe PSA.
Being naturally curious, they asked the natives what the names meant or conjectured among themselves or both. The natives were faced with having to explain the name in a language they knew but rudimentarily. They interpreted freely, often giving the use or features of interest about the place rather than trying to explain the elements of their language to the English. They never had a linguist's understanding of the structure of their language.
Self-similarity in the Mandelbrot set shown by zooming in on a round feature while panning in the negative-x direction. The display center pans from (−1, 0) to (−1.31, 0) while the view magnifies from 0.5 × 0.5 to 0.12 × 0.12 to approximate the Feigenbaum ratio \delta. The Mandelbrot set is self-similar under magnification in the neighborhoods of the Misiurewicz points. It is also conjectured to be self-similar around generalized Feigenbaum points (e.g.
Some species of bacteria obtain their energy by oxidizing various fuels while reducing arsenates to form arsenites. The enzymes involved are known as arsenate reductases. In 2008, bacteria were discovered that employ a version of photosynthesis with arsenites as electron donors, producing arsenates (just like ordinary photosynthesis uses water as electron donor, producing molecular oxygen). The researchers conjectured that historically these photosynthesizing organisms produced the arsenates that allowed the arsenate-reducing bacteria to thrive.
In 2006, Y. Bugeaud, M. Mignotte, and S. Siksek proved that 8 and 144 are the only such non-trivial perfect powers. 1, 3, 21, 55 are the only triangular Fibonacci numbers, which was conjectured by Vern Hoggatt and proved by Luo Ming. No Fibonacci number can be a perfect number. More generally, no Fibonaci number other than 1 can be multiply perfect, and no ratio of two Fibonacci numbers can be perfect.
Accelerons are the hypothetical subatomic particles that integrally link the newfound mass of the neutrino to the dark energy conjectured to be accelerating the expansion of the universe. In this theory, neutrinos are influenced by a new force resulting from their interactions with accelerons, leading to dark energy. Dark energy results as the universe tries to pull neutrinos apart. Accelerons are thought to interact with matter more infrequently than they do with neutrinos.
Since 1965, when official festivities commemorating the 500th birthday of the writer were held, the date of 1465 has been almost universally accepted. Though Frei Pedro de Poiares conjectured Barcelos was Vicente's birthplace, evidence for this is scarce. Pires de Lima, on the other hand, proposed Guimarães, which better accounts for Vicente's identification as a jeweller. The people of Guimarães have embraced this theory; a municipal school in Urgezes is named after the playwright.
Historically, another such woman was Xanthippe, Socrates' wife, who is mentioned by Petruchio himself (1.2.70). Such characters also occur throughout medieval literature, in popular farces both before and during Shakespeare's lifetime, and in folklore. In 1890, Alfred Tolman conjectured a possible literary source for the wager scene may have been William Caxton's 1484 translation of Geoffroy IV de la Tour Landry's Livre pour l'enseignement de ses filles du Chevalier de La Tour Landry (1372).
The large platform is conjectured by scientists to have been built by communal labor. The clay and earth rectangular mound is a quarter mile wide and 9/10 of a mile long, and in volume reported to be greater than the mass of the Great Pyramid of Giza. Nine massive causeways and several reservoirs are components of the overall structural site, which currently is partially wooded and otherwise used for cattle ranching.
There is some lack of certainty as to the origin of the name Cliviger. The Rev. Dr. Thomas Dunham Whitaker, historian, theologian and curate of Holme Chapel and later also vicar of the parishes of Whalley and Blackburn (until 1821), conjectured that the origin was Saxon, from "clivvig" and "shire", meaning "rocky district". However, in 1922 Eilert Ekwall felt that the name meant "steep slope farmland" having been derived from Old English .
De Bruijn showed in 1950 that H has only real zeros if λ ≥ 1/2, and moreover, that if H has only real zeros for some λ, H also has only real zeros if λ is replaced by any larger value. Newman proved in 1976 the existence of a constant Λ for which the "if and only if" claim holds; and this then implies that Λ is unique. Newman also conjectured that Λ ≥ 0.
Arsamosata (; ) was a city in Armenian Sophene near the Euphrates. It was founded by King Arsames I of the Orontid Dynasty in the 3rd century BC. It was left and destroyed in the 1st century BC. In the Middle Ages it was called Ashmushat. In Roman and Byzantine times, it bore the names Armosota (Ἀρμόσοτα) and Arsamosota (Ἀρσαμόσοτα). The conjectured location of the city is somewhere between Kharput (Xarberd) and Palu (Balu).
Mahler initially gave the first three symphonies full descriptive programmes, all of which he later repudiated.Cooke, p. 34 He devised, but did not publish, titles for each of the movements for the Fourth Symphony; from these titles the German music critic Paul Bekker conjectured a programme in which Death appears in the Scherzo "in the friendly, legendary guise of the fiddler tempting his flock to follow him out of this world."La Grange, Vol.
The set {1,2,4,5,10,11,13,14} (blue) has no 3-term arithmetic progression, as the average of every two set members (yellow) falls outside the set. Roth proved that every progression-free set must be sparse. Another result called "Roth's theorem", from 1953, is in arithmetic combinatorics and concerns sequences of integers with no three in arithmetic progression. These sequences had been studied in 1936 by Paul Erdős and Pál Turán, who conjectured that they must be sparse.
Rota's excluded minors conjecture is one of a number of conjectures made by mathematician Gian-Carlo Rota. It is considered to be an important problem by some members of the structural combinatorics community. Rota conjectured in 1971 that, for every finite field, the family of matroids that can be represented over that field has only finitely many excluded minors.. A proof of the conjecture has been announced by Geelen, Gerards, and Whittle.
Itai Hidenobu, an expert on pre-modern Japanese ships, conjectured that by following the mainland Japanese practice, Ryūkyū had shown allegiance to Satsuma. Since Ryūkyū was ordered to conceal from China its subjugation to Satsuma, the banner is highly unlikely to have been flown during voyages to China. An oddly colored, clockwise version of the banner of the Shō clan's ship drifted to mainland Japan in 1798. Presumably a product of miscommunication within mainland Japan.
Clearly, the conjecture holds when either G or H has domination number one: for, the product contains an isomorphic copy of the other factor, dominating which requires at least γ(G)γ(H) vertices. Vizing's conjecture is also known to hold for cycles; . and for graphs with domination number two.. proved that the domination number of the product is at least half as large as the conjectured bound, for all G and H.
A disputed passage in his writings has been used to suggest that it was Nicaea in Bithynia.. Specifically, Diogenes refers to "our Apollonides of Nicaea". This has been conjectured to mean either "my fellow-citizen" or "a Sceptic like myself". It has been suggested that Diogenes was an Epicurean or a Pyrrhonist. He passionately defends Epicurus in Book 10, which is of high quality and contains three long letters attributed to Epicurus explaining Epicurean doctrines.
Whether the thought of a full gospel harmony ever occurred to Justin can only be conjectured, but he apparently never undertook to compose such a work."Koester (1990) The Ancient Christian Gospels p. 370 footnote 2: "Bellinzoni (Sayings of Jesus in Justin Martyr p. 100) collapses stage (1) [a systematic harmonization of the texts of Matthew and Luke] and (2) [the composition of a cluster of sayings that warn against false prophets] of this process.
Shifting his focus to Russian folklore studies, he published a number of books on folk songs, proverbs and fairy tales. Norori's son Ryūichi conjectured that Nobori's enthusiasm for Russian culture was driven by the apparent similarity between Russia and Amami. Being inspired by Kunio Yanagita, the father of Japanese folklore studies, he worked on the folk culture of Amami. His first published work on this field was the Amami Ōshima to Dai Saigō (1927).
Connelly conjectured that the Dehn invariant of a flexible polyhedron is invariant under flexing. This was known as the strong bellows conjecture or (after it was proven in 2018) the strong bellows theorem. The total mean curvature of a flexible polyhedron, defined as the sum of the products of edge lengths with exterior dihedral angles, is a function of the Dehn invariant that is also known to stay constant while a polyhedron flexes .
Schreier completed his master's degree On tournament elimination systems in 1932 under the direction of Hugo Steinhaus. Schreier correctly conjectured that to determine the second largest number in an unordered list requires at least n + \lceil \log_2 n \rceil -2 comparisons.On tournament elimination systems, J. Schreier - Mathesis Polska, 1932 In 1934, he completed his doctorate, On finite base in topological groups under Banach.O skończonej bazie w grupach topologicznych In 1932 he married Zofia Rosenblatt.
Not much is known about Balbinus before his elevation to emperor. It has been conjectured that he descended from Publius Coelius Balbinus Vibullius Pius, the consul ordinarius of 137, and wife Aquilia. If this were true, he was also related to the family of Q. Pompeius Falco, which supplied many politicians of consular rank throughout the 3rd century, and to the 1st-century politician, engineer and author Julius Frontinus. He was born around 178.
587 is the smallest prime (other than 2) not appearing in the first 10,000 outcomes that are different from 1. Nevertheless, in the same paper it was conjectured to contain all odd primes, even though it is rather inefficient.. Note that there is a trivial program that enumerates all and only the prime numbers, as well as more efficient ones, so such recurrence relations are more a matter of curiosity than of any practical use.
Many scholars have argued from the list that a Mentuhotep I, who might have been merely a Theban nomarch, was posthumously given a royal titulary by his successors; thus this conjectured personage is referred to conventionally as "Mentuhotep I".William C. Hayes, The Middle Kingdom in Egypt. Internal History from the Rise of the Heracleopolitans to the Death of Ammenemes III., in The Cambridge Ancient History, vol. I, part 2, Cambridge University Press, 1971, , p.
Most of these translations are apologetic. Of his life, apart from his writings, we know next to nothing. It has been conjectured from some words of his in a poem addressed to Marguerite de France that he was a clergyman; and it has been said that Pope Clement VIII wished to make him a cardinal in his last days, but that he declined. He died in the peaceful family mansion of La Boderie in 1598.
2, p. 497. In a letter to Cornificius dated March 43 BC, Cicero pejoratively linked Calvisius to T. Statilius Taurus, consul in 37 and 26 BC and governor of Africa in 36, calling them jointly “the Minotaur” in a play on the latter's cognomen. It has been conjectured that Taurus was nominated to serve as a legate under Calvisius in Africa,Cicero, Ad familiares 12.25.1; Tyrrell and Purser, The Correspondence of M. Tullius Cicero vol.
In 1986, the WC-135C was deployed to Europe to help monitor the air after the Chernobyl disaster. On February 17, 2017, it was reported that the WC-135C had been deployed to RAF Mildenhall. It was conjectured that this came in response to several reports of anomalous levels of iodine-131 coming from the Norwegian-Russian Border. As of April 10, 2017, there was no official cause of the iodine-131 release.
These failed to reveal a "C. K." beneath the coat of arms. It is conjectured that if they were there, they probably stood for "Clement Kingston", the original owner who profited from the "discovery" of a new portrait ostensibly depicting Shakespeare. In 1948 Barrell sued Giles E. Dawson, the curator of Books and Manuscripts for the Folger Shakespeare Library in Washington, D.C for suggesting in a letter that Barrell had doctored his x-ray pictures.
The phenomenon was independently suggested by Curtis Callan and has become known as the Callan-Rubakov effect. Together with , Rubakov was one of the first to model spacetime and gravity using ideas from brane cosmology. Rubakov and Shaposhnikov conjectured that we live on a four- dimensional brane embedded in a higher-dimensional universe. Ordinary particles are confined in a potential well which is narrow along the additional dimensions, thereby localizing matter to the brane.
Quantum suicide is a thought experiment in quantum mechanics and the philosophy of physics. Purportedly, it can falsify any interpretation of quantum mechanics other than the Everett many-worlds interpretation by means of a variation of the Schrödinger's cat thought experiment, from the cat's point of view. Quantum immortality refers to the subjective experience of surviving quantum suicide. This concept is sometimes conjectured to be applicable to real-world causes of death as well.
Theorem: A smooth codimension-one foliation of the 3-sphere S3 has a compact leaf. The leaf is a torus T2 bounding a solid torus with the Reeb foliation. The theorem was proved by Sergey Novikov in 1964. Earlier Charles Ehresmann had conjectured that every smooth codimension-one foliation on S3 had a compact leaf, which was true for all known examples; in particular, the Reeb foliation had a compact leaf that was T2.
To the contrary the underside of the sheet web may reach a temperature of 60 to 70 °C, with daily fluctuations of more than 40 °C. As the female can endure a critical thermal maximum of 49 °C, she shuttles up and down the burrow to retrieve prey, and spends limited time under the sheet web. The silk web may absorb morning fog, a conjectured source of water for females and spiderlings.
There is also an item which holds a napkin or serviette in a button hole or the top of a conventional necktie knot. It is conjectured as a clamp for the corner of a napkin and an hook which hooks into the top of the tie knot. They are most usually in sterling silver and date back to at least Edwardian times. Hence often to be found in antique outlets as functional collectors items.
Gosper describes an algorithm for fast numerical approximation of its value. The reciprocal Fibonacci series itself provides O(k) digits of accuracy for k terms of expansion, while Gosper's accelerated series provides O(k2) digits.. ψ is known to be irrational; this property was conjectured by Paul Erdős, Ronald Graham, and Leonard Carlitz, and proved in 1989 by Richard André-Jeannin. The continued fraction representation of the constant is: : \psi =[3;2,1,3,1,1,13,2,3,3,2,1,1,6,3,2,4,362,2,4,8,6,30,50,1,6,3,3,2,7,2,3,1,3,2, \dots ] \\!\, .
Legnanino was born in Milan as the first born son of the painter Giovanni Ambrogio Legnani and Isabella Bussola. His grandfather Tommaso Legnani was also a painter. St. Augustine washes the feet of Jesus Legnanino likely received his first art training with his father. It has been conjectured that subsequently he went on to work in the studio of Carlo Cignani in Bologna from 1683 to 1686, and then apprenticed with Carlo Maratta in Rome.
He was repeatedly served with notices to desist but kept on with his practice. The matter was then brought to the attention of Bishop Patrick Anthony Ludden, but even his disapproval had no effect on his actions. Finally, the Medical society arranged for his arrest. Early in April 1894 he left suddenly and mysteriously; the Syracuse Courier conjectured that he probable learned of his impending arrest and left Syracuse to avoid prosecution.
Black people and their Spanish relatives, he conjectured, owed their darker skin to the intoxicating contact with laterites, also responsible for "impulsiveness".Bohn, p.440 By 1916, Sanielevici's racial perspectives had incorporated definitions of race popular in early 20th-century scholarship. In this context, he argued that the "Nordic race" had created Classicism and epic poetry, that didactic realism was an "Alpine" feature, and that "Mediterraneans" were at the source of Romanticism.
The Denjoy–Carleman–Ahlfors theorem states that the number of asymptotic values attained by a non-constant entire function of order ρ on curves going outwards toward infinite absolute value is less than or equal to 2ρ. It was first conjectured by Arnaud Denjoy in 1907. Torsten Carleman showed that the number of asymptotic values was less than or equal to (5/2)ρ in 1921. In 1929 Lars Ahlfors confirmed Denjoy's conjecture of 2ρ.
The Bombieri–Lang conjecture was independently posed by Enrico Bombieri and Serge Lang. In a 1980 lecture at the University of Chicago, Enrico Bombieri posed a problem about the degeneracy of rational points for surfaces of general type. Independently in a series of papers starting in 1971, Serge Lang conjectured a more general relation between the distribution of rational points and algebraic hyperbolicity, formulated in the "refined form" of the Bombieri–Lang conjecture.
Renfro questions its validity however as Ogden used a variation of the term before Sustika was likely prominent. In 1814, near the Willamette Trading Post a meeting occurred between North West Company officer Alexander Henry and an assembled Sahaptin congregation of Cayuse and Walla Walla, in addition to a third group of people that was named Shatasla. Maloney argued that Shatasla was an archaic variant of Shasta. something Garth later conjectured as well.
The complexity of finding the point guaranteed by Minkowski's theorem, or the closely related Blitchfields theorem, have been studied from the perspective of TFNP search problems. In particular, it is known that a computational analogue of Blichfeldt's theorem, a corollary of the proof of Minkowski's theorem, is PPP- complete. It is also known that the computational analogue of Minkowski's theorem is in the class PPP, and it was conjectured to be PPP complete .
Schoenberg conjectured that this number is the lower bound for the area of simply connected Kakeya needle sets. However, in 1971, F. Cunningham showed that, given ε > 0, there is a simply connected Kakeya needle set of area less than ε contained in a circle of radius 1. Although there are Kakeya needle sets of arbitrarily small positive measure and Besicovich sets of measure 0, there are no Kakeya needle sets of measure 0.
The road coloring problem is the problem of labeling the edges of a regular directed graph with the symbols of a k-letter input alphabet (where k is the outdegree of each vertex) in order to form a synchronizable DFA. It was conjectured in 1970 by Benjamin Weiss and Roy Adler that any strongly connected and aperiodic regular digraph can be labeled in this way; their conjecture was proven in 2007 by Avraham Trahtman..
In 1997–98, Juan Maldacena conjectured a relationship between string theory and N = 4 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory, a gauge theory. This conjecture, called the AdS/CFT correspondence, has generated a great deal of interest in high energy physics.Rickles 2014, p. 207. It is a realization of the holographic principle, which has far-reaching implications: the AdS/CFT correspondence has helped elucidate the mysteries of black holes suggested by Stephen Hawking's workRickles 2014, p. 222.
Mathieu Marais was born in Paris, in the rue du Bouloi. His baptismal certificate is dated of October 11, 1665 at the Church of St Eustache of Paris. Because of the high infant mortality, infants were baptized the same day or a few days after their birth, so his date of birth was conjectured to be October 10. His father is Renault Marais, prosecutor at the Grand Châtelet, and his mother is Catherine-Françoise Billon.
The Edo-period scholar Arai Hakuseki advanced the theory that there was more than one woman named Komachi and that the legends about her referred to different people. This theory was later expanded to conjecture that there were four "Komachis".Keene 1999 : 233, citing Katagiri 1975 : 59-60. It has been conjectured that she was a in the service of Emperor Ninmyō, and when the latter died in 850 she started relationships with other men.
Collier, Dodson & Hamernik, JEA 96, p.246 Even the Egyptologist Aidan Dodson who doubted Grist's theory on the identity of Tyti's royal husband now accepts this new evidence since it comes from newly deciphered notes of this tomb robbery papyrus made by Anthony Harris.Collier, Dodson & Hamernik, JEA 96, pp.242-247 Given her place as the wife of Ramesses III, Leblanc has conjectured that Tyti is the mother of Khaemwaset, Amenherkhepshef and Ramesses-Meryamen.
It is conjectured that this temple location is 2,500 years old and is where Krishna built his city and a temple. However, the existing temple is dated to the 16th century). It is a five-storied edifice built over 72 pillars (a sandstone temple with 60 pillars is also mentioned). The temple spire rises to a height of , and a very large flag with symbols of the sun and moon is hoisted on it.
Photograph of the bronze mount found at Braich-y-Dinas. Bronze bracelet found at Braich-y-Dinas. Notable finds from the site include a bronze mount (pictured), which Harold Hughes, writing for Archaeologia Cambrensis, speculated belonged to a handled tankard; based on other, similar pieces from the wider area. Hughes also describes two matching bronze bracelets, ornamented with concentric circles, a design, he conjectured, would have been derived from Celtic, rather than Roman inspiration.
So, it remains uncertain whether quantum-gravitational effects might prevent the energy density from growing large enough to destroy the wormhole.Everett and Roman 2012, p. 190 Stephen Hawking conjectured that not only would the pileup of vacuum fluctuations still succeed in destroying the wormhole in quantum gravity, but also that the laws of physics would ultimately prevent any type of time machine from forming; this is the chronology protection conjecture.Everett and Roman 2012, p.
Although Steinman conjectured that Margaret Mundy's third husband was the Henry Manox, who had been music master to Catherine Howard in her youth, and had been involved in sexual indiscretions with her which later contributed to her downfall, Bindoff established that Margaret Mundy's third husband, Henry Manock, made his will on 18 March 1564, in which he disinherited both Margaret and his son. Margaret (née Mundy) was buried at Streatham, Surrey, on 22 January 1565.
It has been conjectured that he came from Oberhausen in Westphalia. He does not seem to have been affiliated to a University or attached to a princely court and has wandered across Europe. He presents himself as "German philomath" and shows little respect for established professors (calling them in a preface "asses and sycophants"). John Dee, recalls meeting "Offhuysius" sometime in 1552 in Paris where a group of students apparently had formed around him.
A uniquely total colorable graph is a k-total-chromatic graph that has only one possible (proper) k-total-coloring up to permutation of the colors. Empty graphs, paths, and cycles of length divisible by 3 are uniquely total colorable graphs. conjectured that they are also the only members in this family. Some properties of a uniquely k-total-colorable graph G with n vertices: # χ″(G) = Δ(G) + 1 unless G = K2.
In 1981, the Almgren–Pitts min-max theory in geometric measure theory was used to prove the existence of at least one minimal hypersurface of any closed smooth three-dimensional Riemannian manifold. Yau, in 1982, conjectured that infinitely many such immersed hypersurfaces must always exist. Kei Irie, Fernando Codá Marques, and André Neves solved this problem, for manifolds of dimension three through seven, in the generic case.Irie, Kei; Marques, Fernando C.; Neves, André.
The word book comes from Old English , which in turn comes from the Germanic root , cognate to 'beech'. In Slavic languages like Russian, Bulgarian, Macedonian —'letter' is cognate with 'beech'. In Russian, Serbian and Macedonian, the word () or () refers to a primary school textbook that helps young children master the techniques of reading and writing. It is thus conjectured that the earliest Indo-European writings may have been carved on beech wood.
He is conjectured (Cooper, Athenæ Cant. ii. 98) to have been the author of 'A Methode of Measuring and Surveying of Land; published by J. F., practitioner in physick,’ licensed to Thomas Woodcocke 13 Oct. 1589 (Arber, Registers, ii. 249). A book, 'Perpetuall and kindelie pronosticacons of the change of tymes, taken out of old and new aucthors,’ 'to be printed in Italian, Frenche, and Englishe,’ and licensed to John Wolfe 7 Jan.
Malfatti's problem is to carve three cylinders from a triangular block of marble, using as much of the marble as possible. In 1803, Gian Francesco Malfatti conjectured that the solution would be obtained by inscribing three mutually tangent circles into the triangle (a problem that had previously been considered by Japanese mathematician Ajima Naonobu); these circles are now known as the Malfatti circles, although the conjecture has been proven to be false.
Tommaso d'Ocra, O.Celest., or Tommaso de ApruntioHe was not a member of the family of the Counts of Apruzio (Apruntio), as some scholars (Brunetti and Palma) conjectured: F. Savio, La contea di Apruzio e i suoi conti (Roma 1905), p. 169. (born at a date unknown,There was an old tradition that he was born at Teramo in the Abruzzi. Lorenzo Cardella, Memorie delle cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa II (Roma 1792), p.
As of 2012, Indonesia has 127 active volcanoes and about 5 million people active within the danger zones. It has been conjectured that the earthquake and tsunami event of 26 December 2004 could trigger eruptions, with Mount Sinabung (dormant since the 1600s) erupting in 2010 as a possible example. The word for Mount in Indonesian and many regional languages of the country is Gunung. Thus, Mount Merapi may be referred to as Gunung Merapi.
Geology of the mountain has been studied since 1902. The mountain formation has been reported to be an igneous sedimentary rock formation with granite (in a limited area of ), felsic and mafic dykes. Granites in the southwest face of the mountain contain Zeunerite, a form of uranium. Its age is conjectured to be Mesozoic with intrusions of black slate formations which are in turn dated to the formations of the Cambrian and Pre- Cambrian age.
Satrius Secundus was a dependent of Sejanus in the 1st century Roman empire. He accused Aulus Cremutius Cordus in 25 AD. He afterwards betrayed his master, and gave information to Tiberius of the conspiracy which Sejanus had formed against him. Josephus relates that Antonia informed Tiberius of the conspiracy of Sejanus. It has been conjectured that Secundus, unwilling or unable to have an interview with the emperor, had acquainted Antonia with the plot.
The house built by Poplicola at the foot of the Velian Hill was the only one whose doors were permitted to open into the street.Dionysius, v. 39.Plutarch, "The Life of Publicola", 20. The historian Niebuhr conjectured that, during the transition from the monarchy to the Republic, the Valerii were entitled to exercise royal power on behalf of the Titienses, one of the three Romulean tribes that made up the Roman people.
The difficulties here were met by radically different proof techniques, taking much more care about proofs by contradiction. The logic involved is closer to proof theory than to that of computability theory and computable functions. It is rather loosely conjectured that the difficulties may lie in the realm of computational complexity theory. Ineffective results are still being proved in the shape A or B, where we have no way of telling which.
In approximately 31,500 years, Luyten 726-8 will have a close encounter with Epsilon Eridani at the minimal distance of about 0.93 ly. Luyten 726-8 can penetrate a conjectured Oort cloud about Epsilon Eridani, which may gravitationally perturb some long-period comets. The duration of mutual transit of two star systems within 1 ly from each other is about 4,600 years. Luyten 726-8 is a possible member of the Hyades Stream.
It was from Southeast Asia that the crop spread to Asia and India where it is cultivated as a cash crop. It is conjectured that ancient Indian literature provide information on betel nut and its mastication. The Indian Ayurveda texts also refer to the areca nuts as a traditional medicine. Its use in India is also noted from the pre-vedic period and was described by the word taamboola in ancient Indian civilization.
Alexios and David, Tamar's relatives,Tamar's paternal aunt was the Komnenoi's grandmother on their father's side, as it has been conjectured by . were fugitive Byzantine princes raised at the Georgian court. According to Tamar's historian, the aim of the Georgian expedition to Trebizond was to punish the Byzantine emperor Alexios IV Angelos (r. 1203–1204) for his confiscation of a shipment of money from the Georgian queen to the monasteries of Antioch and Mount Athos.
Other immune system cells that are known to express CYP27B1 and thus activate vitamin D calcidiol, are dendritic cells, keratinocytes and macrophages. It is conjectured that a progressive decline in hormone levels with age is partially responsible for weakened immune responses in aging individuals. Conversely, some hormones are regulated by the immune system, notably thyroid hormone activity. The age-related decline in immune function is also related to decreasing vitamin D levels in the elderly.
The special case of Fubini's theorem for continuous functions on a product of closed bounded subsets of real vector spaces was known to Leonhard Euler in the 18th century. extended this to bounded measurable functions on a product of intervals. conjectured that the theorem could be extended to functions that were integrable rather than bounded, and this was proved by . Reprinted in gave a variation of Fubini's theorem that applies to non-negative functions rather than integrable functions.
He dated them to the late 12th to early 13th centuries and considered that they subsequently evolved into those with stone walls in Okinawa. By contrast, Miki conjectured that the construction of these fortifications was triggered by repeated invasion by the Ryukyu Kingdom in the 15th and 16th centuries. In his survey of earlier studies, Takanashi Osamu criticized Naka's theory because his dating lacked evidence. In fact, gusuku with established dates were mostly from the 14th to 16th centuries.
Tait conjectured that in certain circumstances, crossing number was a knot invariant, specifically: > Any reduced diagram of an alternating link has the fewest possible > crossings. In other words, the crossing number of a reduced, alternating link is an invariant of the knot. This conjecture was proved by Louis Kauffman, Kunio Murasugi (村杉 邦男), and Morwen Thistlethwaite in 1987, using the Jones polynomial. A geometric proof, not using knot polynomials, was given in 2017 by Joshua Greene.
He was born in Aberdeen, Scotland to a devout Quaker family. There is no documentation of where he learned his trade, but, based on stylistic similarities to his later work, it is conjectured that he apprenticed under Edinburgh cabinetmaker Alexander Peter. He moved to London in 1760, and immigrated to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1763. That same year, John Penn, a grandson of Pennsylvania's founder William Penn, arrived in Philadelphia and was sworn in as governor of the Colony.
John H. Young "Ancient Towers on the Island of Siphnos", American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 60, No. 1, January 1956. Not all could have been observation towers, as is often conjectured. Then great number of them on Sifnos was associated with the island's mineral riches, but this quality did not exist on Kea or Amorgos, which instead had other resources, such as agricultural products. Thus the towers appear to have reflected the islands’ prosperity during the Hellenistic era.
The allusion is to the prophecy of Berlington. Randolph was horrified by the implications of this piece which he said was a token to be sent to Mary. The jewel was conjectured to have been commissioned by the "witches of Atholl", meaning apparently Margaret Fleming, Countess of Atholl, and her daughters, or her companions at Dunkeld including Mary Fleming and a French lady in waiting, Marie Pyennes, Lady Seton.Julian Goodare, The Scottish Witch-Hunt in Context (Manchester, 2002), p.
Reaction of this salt with hydrochloric acid affords THBQ in good yield. The black tetrapotassium salt was prepared by West and Niu in 1962, by reacting THBQ with potassium methoxide in methanol. The salt is diamagnetic and the infrared spectrum suggests that the C–C and C–O distances are all equal, with the ring slightly distorted in the "chair" conformation. Partial oxidation of affords a green, strongly paramagnetic solid, conjectured to be , and complete oxidation yields potassium rhodizonate .
In the lack of thorough analysis and mathematical proofs of the security of PUFs, ad hoc attacks against PUFs have been introduced in the literature. Consequently, countermeasures presented to cope with these attacks are less effective. In line with these efforts, it has been conjectured if PUFs can be considered as circuits, being provably hard to break. In response, a mathematical framework has been suggested, where provable ML algorithms against several known families of PUFs have been introduced.
Therefore, they renounced materialism, embraced asceticism and lived in religious communes. Since historical records by the Ebionites are scarce, fragmentary and disputed, much of what is known or conjectured about them derives from the Church Fathers who wrote questionable polemics against the Ebionites, whom they labeled heretical "Judaizers".Church Fathers on the Ebionites (Wikisource). Consequently, very little about the Ebionite sect or sects is known with certainty, and most, if not all, statements about them are speculative.
John Field or Feild (1520/1530–1587), was a "proto-Copernican" English astronomer. Field was the son of Richard Field (d. 1542). He was born, it is supposed, at Ardsley in the West Riding of Yorkshire between 1520 and 1530. He received a liberal education, and Joseph Hunter, his descendant, conjectured that part of it was gained under the patronage of Alured Comyn, Prior of Nostell, from which house the cell of Woodkirk, near Ardsley, depended.
The Kosačas liberated almost all of their land during the autumn of 1463, and even succeeded in occupying some of the former royal domain. Catherine likely headed towards her family's holdings, which were again under Ottoman attack in the summer of 1465. Catherine and Vladislav retreated to the peninsula of Pelješac until Ragusa granted them refuge on one of their islands. Catherine left Ragusa permanently in September 1465, but her subsequent whereabouts can only be conjectured.
Average case hardness of problems forms a basis for proofs-of-security for most cryptographic schemes. However, experimental evidence suggests that most NP-hard problems lack this property: they are probably only worst case hard. Many lattice problems have been conjectured or proven to be average-case hard, making them an attractive class of problems to base cryptographic schemes on. Moreover, worst-case hardness of some lattice problems have been used to create secure cryptographic schemes.
By the end of the 19th century, the island was occasionally visited by the Onge of Little Andaman to catch sea turtles.M. V. Portman (1899), A history of our Relations with the Andamanese, Volume II. Office of the Government Printing, Calcutta, India. It has been conjectured to be part of the route for the Onge expansion into south Great Andaman Island in the wake of the Great Andamanese tribes, around 1890 to 1930.George Weber (~2009), The Tribes.
The list above includes the perfect numbers 28 and 496. All even perfect numbers are triangular numbers whose index is an odd Mersenne prime.. Since every Mersenne prime greater than 3 is congruent to 1 modulo 3, it follows that every even perfect number greater than 6 is a centered nonagonal number. In 1850, Sir Frederick Pollock conjectured that every natural number is the sum of at most eleven centered nonagonal numbers, which has been neither proven nor disproven..
In 1961 the British historian Edward Hallett Carr published his What is History?, which became well known. Therein Carr conjectured that the very nature of writing history will cause historians as a whole to reveal themselves to their readers as 'prisoners' subject to the context of their own age and culture. As a consequence, one may add, every generation feels the need to rewrite history so that it better fits their own situation, their point of view.
These Tritons were preserved mummies or taxidermied real animals or humans (or fabrication made to appear as such). The Tanagran Triton was seen by Aelian who described it as an embalmed or pickled mummy (). While Pausanias related a legend around the Tanagran Triton that its head was cut off, J. G. Frazer conjectured that such a had to be invented after a sea mammal's carcass with a severed or severely mutilated head was passed off as a Triton.
The P versus NP problem is a major unsolved problem in computer science. Informally, it asks whether every problem whose solution can be quickly verified by a computer can also be quickly solved by a computer; it is widely conjectured that the answer is no. It was essentially first mentioned in a 1956 letter written by Kurt Gödel to John von Neumann. Gödel asked whether a certain NP-complete problem could be solved in quadratic or linear time.
It can be seen as a lattice of benzene rings connected by acetylene bonds. Depending on the content of acetylene groups, graphyne can be considered a mixed hybridization, spn, where 1 < n < 2, and thus differs from the hybridization of graphene (considered pure sp2) and diamond (pure sp3). The existence of graphyne was conjectured before 1960,Balaban, AT; Rentia, CC; Ciupitu, E. (1968). Rev. Roum. Chim. 13: 231 and attracted attention after the discovery of fullerenes.
In condensed matter physics, a supersolid is a spatially ordered material with superfluid properties. In the case of helium-4, it has been conjectured since the 1960s that it might be possible to create a supersolid. Starting from 2017, a definitive proof for the existence of this state was provided by several experiments using atomic Bose-Einstein condensates. The general conditions required for supersolidity to emerge in a certain substance are a topic of ongoing research.
It was the basis of former commercial operations in the area. Amongst others, boreholes sunk in connection with the former saltfield have provided much of the information on the bedrock of the area. The Mythop salt beds within the Mercia Mudstone succession are also conjectured to outcrop beneath the southwest corner of the Fylde. The Quaternary cover consists of glacial till deriving from the last ice age (Devensian) together with some scattered glaciofluvial deposits, mainly sand and gravel.
Saint-Quirace in Provins, where Vermont held a position in the 1520s There were two closely connected composers named Vermont, of whom Pierre was possibly the elder, and a Pernot Vermont (c.1495–1558) possibly younger, but not by much. Musicologists have not been able to establish a family relationship, although it seems likely. That Pierre was the elder of the two, even though their conjectured birthdates are similar, is inferred from his appellation (l’aîné, primus, or Vermond seniorem).
The first literary mention of vajra-musti comes from the Manasollasa of the Chalukya king Someswara III (1124–1138), although it has been conjectured to have existed since as early as the Maurya dynasty. Matches were patronized by royalty and wrestlers thus became held in high regard. Vajra-musti and its unarmed counterpart malla-yuddha was practiced by the (lit. "the most excellent wrestlers"), a jāti of Krishna-worshipping Modha Brahmins first mentioned in the 12th century.
Goro Shimura and Taniyama worked on improving its rigor until 1957. rediscovered the conjecture, and showed that it would follow from the (conjectured) functional equations for some twisted L-series of the elliptic curve; this was the first serious evidence that the conjecture might be true. Weil also showed that the conductor of the elliptic curve should be the level of the corresponding modular form. The Taniyama–Shimura–Weil conjecture became a part of the Langlands program.
A Thorne–Żytkow object (TŻO or TZO), also known as a hybrid star, is a conjectured type of star wherein a red giant or red supergiant contains a neutron star at its core, formed from the collision of the giant with the neutron star. Such objects were hypothesized by Kip Thorne and Anna Żytkow in 1977. In 2014, it was discovered that the star HV 2112 was a strong candidate but this has since been called into question.
Inward migrants and general population growth are conjectured to have led to a northward expansion of the growing identity during the eighteenth century. This period is thought to have seen the occupation and establishment of the emotinwek of Chesume, Emgwen and Masop. This period would also have seen the establishment of more pororosiek. The final expansion would occur during the middle of the nineteenth century when the Nandi took the Uain Gishu plateau from the Uasin Gishu.
The three-gap theorem was conjectured by Hugo Steinhaus, and its first proofs were published in the late 1950s by Vera T. Sós, , and Stanisław Świerczkowski. Several later proofs have also been published. The following simple proof is due to Frank Liang. Define a gap (an arc of the circle between adjacent points of the given set) to be rigid if rotating that gap by an angle of θ does not produce another gap of the same length.
Determining the Ehrhart polynomial of a polytope is harder than determining its volume, since the volume can easily be computed from the leading coefficient of the Ehrhart polynomial. The Ehrhart polynomial associated with the Birkhoff polytope is only known for small values.Matthias Beck and Dennis Pixton, "The Ehrhart polynomial of the Birkhoff polytope", Discrete & Computational Geometry, Volume 30 (2003), Issue 4, pp. 623–637. It is conjectured that all the coefficients of the Ehrhart polynomials are non-negative.
The fact that 'Purpurea' occasionally produces root-suckers confirms a hybrid origin with some U. minor component. F. J. Fontaine (1968) conjectured U. glabra × U. minor 'Stricta' and placed the tree in the U. × hollandica group under the name U. × hollandica 'Purpurascens',Bean, W. J. (1988) Trees and shrubs hardy in Great Britain, 8th edition, Murray, London, p. 640 (under U. angustifolia a name accepted by Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh and in Australian publications.Spencer, Roger, ed.
Harvey Friedman conjectured, "Every theorem published in the Annals of Mathematics whose statement involves only finitary mathematical objects (i.e., what logicians call an arithmetical statement) can be proved in elementary arithmetic.". The form of elementary arithmetic referred to in this conjecture can be formalized by a small set of axioms concerning integer arithmetic and mathematical induction. For instance, according to this conjecture, Fermat's Last Theorem should have an elementary proof; Wiles' proof of Fermat's Last Theorem is not elementary.
Her date of birth is conjectured from conversion from eastern calendars. Late in life she adopted the date of January 17 though most of her life she used November 29 as her date of birth. The year is similarly a matter of conjecture: around 1904 to 1906, however her father's paperwork has listed her birth year as 1902. Her parents were Fu Ching Yen and Siu Ying Chow, the extended family being prominent under Sun Yat-sen.
The Sudbury Impact would have had global ramifications; it is conjectured that this caused the end of the iron deposits. The impact fundamentally affected concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the sea; the accumulation of marine sediments (known as banded-iron formations) were almost instantaneously shut down. Banded-iron formations are massive deposits rich in iron oxides; they accumulated at several periods in the Earth's geologic past. One extended episode of banded-iron formation buildup suddenly ended about .
The inscription on the Einang stone The generally accepted reading of the inscription was proposed by Erik Moltke in 1938. He conjectured that there had been four runes in the original inscription, before the first rune which is visible today. The reading is: :(Ek go)ðagastiz runo faihido Which translates as: :(I, Go)dguest painted/wrote this runic inscription. As the stone is placed on a grave mound, it is natural to interpret it as a tombstone.
During the First World War the Bayswater ground was covered with 4' of top soil and used for growing vegetables. In 1969 the burial ground was cleared to enable land to be sold off for redevelopment. A skull, part anatomised, was conjectured to be Sterne's and a partial skeleton separated from the other remains to be transferred to Coxwold churchyard by the Laurence Sterne Trust. 11,500 further remains were taken to West Norwood Cemetery and cremated, for burial there.
In January 2007, three new ciphers namely TPy, TPypy and TPy6 have been proposed by the designers of Py to eliminate the above attacks. The TPy is still vulnerable against the above distinguishing attacks by Paul et al. (complexity 288) and Crowley (complexity 272), which do not depend on the key schedule. The best attack so far on the TPypy, which is conjectured to be the strongest of the Py-family of ciphers, is by Sekar et al.
At the accession of James II, Sir William Soames being appointed ambassador to Constantinople, took Vosterman in his train, with a view to employ him in sketching views in the east, but the ambassador died during the trip. What became of Vorstermans after this is not known, but it is conjectured that he went to Poland, where he had been previously invited by his first patron, the marquis de Bethune. Vorstermans died in 1699. His pupil was Jan Soukens.
The problem of estimating the length of synchronizing word has a long history and was posed independently by several authors, but it is commonly known as the Černý conjecture. In 1964 Jan Černý conjectured that (n-1)^2 is the upper bound for the length of the shortest synchronizing word for any n-state complete DFA (a DFA with complete state transition graph).J. Černý, Poznamka k homogenym eksperimentom s konechnymi automatami, Math.-Fyz. Čas., 14(1964) 208--215.
An equichordal curve is a closed planar curve for which a point in the plane exists such that all chords passing through this point are equal in length. Such a point is called an equichordal point. It is easy to construct equichordal curves with a single equichordal point, particularly when the curves are symmetric; the simplest construction is a circle. It has long only been conjectured that no convex equichordal curve with two equichordal points can exist.
Previously some new hypotheses were conjectured concerning the role of time in constructing hidden-variables theory. One approach is suggested by K. Hess and W. Philipp (Hess, 2002) and discusses possible consequences of time dependences of hidden variables, previously not taken into account by Bell's theorem. This hypothesis has been criticized by R. D. Gill, G. Weihs, A. Zeilinger and M. Żukowski (Gill, 2002). Another hypothesis suggests to review the notion of physical time (Kurakin, 2004).
It is conjectured that about 1,000 elephants historically roamed the Outeniqua/Tsitsikamma area. A 2006 DNA analysis of dung samples has revealed the presence of at least 5 cows and possibly some bulls and calves, moving within an area of 121,000 hectares of forest managed by South African National Parks, and constituting the only unfenced elephant group in South Africa. By 2019, researchers have concluded that there is only one elephant, a mature female, remaining in Knysna.
See also Dowden, European Paganism, p. 109. In the 17th century, Johannes Praetorius rather wildly conjectured that dusios ought to be drusios, connected to the god Silvanus and the woodlands and to the word "druid."Johannes Praetorius, Blockes-Berges Verrichtung (1668), as cited by Leland, Etruscan Roman Remains, pp. 128–129. The 19th-century Irish folklorist Thomas Crofton Croker thought the dusii were a form of woodland or domestic spirits, and deals with them in a chapter on elves.
Interest in the site increased with the discovery in 1869 of cuneiform tablets, which turned out to date from the time of Argishti I and Rusa III. In 1880, excavations at the Armavir hill began, conducted by imperial Russian archaeologists ahead of the Fifth Russian Archaeological Congress at Tiflis. In 1896, the Russian Assyriologist M.V. Nikolsky conjectured that beneath the ruins of Armavir is an even more ancient Urartian township. This was confirmed by later excavations.
Thus, having an integral representation for an L-function by no means indicates its analytic properties are resolved: there may be serious analytic issues remaining. At minimum, though, it ensures the L-function has an algebraic construction through formal manipulations of an integral of automorphic forms, and that at all but a finite number of places it has the conjectured Euler product of a particular L-function. In many situations the Langlands–Shahidi method gives complementary information.
For deterministic algorithms, originally conjectured that for all nontrivial graph properties on n vertices, deciding whether a graph possesses this property requires Ω(n2) queries. The non-triviality condition is clearly required because there are trivial properties like "is this a graph?" which can be answered with no queries at all. A scorpion graph. One of the three red path vertices is adjacent to all other vertices and the other two red vertices have no other adjacencies.
Specifically, Germain proved that the first case of Fermat's Last Theorem, in which the exponent divides one of the bases, is true for every Sophie Germain prime, and she used similar arguments to prove the same for all other primes up to 100. For details see . Sophie Germain primes and safe primes have applications in public key cryptography and primality testing. It has been conjectured that there are infinitely many Sophie Germain primes, but this remains unproven.
Conjectured causes included injury, a plague that was sweeping through the city, and a natural cause. This theory was based on the discovery of several ushabti fragments inscribed for Nefertiti (now located in the Louvre and the Brooklyn Museum). A previous theory that she fell into disgrace was discredited when deliberate erasures of monuments belonging to a queen of Akhenaten were shown to refer to Kiya instead. During Akhenaten’s reign (and perhaps after), Nefertiti enjoyed unprecedented power.
It may be conjectured that, like many Dacians, he enlisted in the Roman Army as a young man and had the good fortune to come to the attention of the Emperor Gallienus. His first job was said to have been as a groom. If so, he must have been a good one, because we first encounter him as Master of the Imperial Horses ('Phronistes') according to Zonaras. The exact meaning of this term is yet unclear.
In 1611 Johannes Kepler conjectured that this is the maximum possible density amongst both regular and irregular arrangements—this became known as the Kepler conjecture. In 1998, Thomas Callister Hales, following the approach suggested by László Fejes Tóth in 1953, announced a proof of the Kepler conjecture. Hales' proof is a proof by exhaustion involving checking of many individual cases using complex computer calculations. Referees said that they were "99% certain" of the correctness of Hales' proof.
Tidswell was born in 1759 or 1760 and her father may have been a soldier. She may have been acting for five years when her name was first mentioned when she appeared with the company creating "The Busy Body" at Drury Lane. This would end up being her main theatre. She had been the mistress of Charles Howard who was a Duke of Norfolk and it was conjectured that this was the reason she started at Drury Lane.
It is conjectured by some linguists to be related to the Etruscan and Lemnian languages, and by others to be Northwest Semitic. Those who do not advocate any of those theories often adopt the default of an unknown pre-Greek language. Due to the small number of texts found, there is currently much unproven speculation. Eteocypriot may be descended from the language of the Cypro-Minoan inscriptions, a collection of poorly-understood inscriptions from Bronze Age Cyprus.
The nomen Titius is a patronymic surname, based on the praenomen Titus, which must have belonged to the ancestor of the gens. Titus was roughly the sixth-most common Latin praenomen throughout Roman history. However, it has been conjectured that it was introduced to Latin through Titus Tatius, a Sabine king in the time of Romulus, who came to Rome with many of his subjects. If Titus was originally a Sabine praenomen, then the Titii may have been Sabines.
Leonid Vaseršteĭn is a Russian-American mathematician, currently Professor of Mathematics at Penn State University. His research is focused on algebra and dynamical systems. He is well known for providing a simple proof of the Quillen–Suslin theorem, a result in commutative algebra, first conjectured by Jean-Pierre Serre in 1955, and then proved by Daniel Quillen and Andrei Suslin in 1976. Vaseršteĭn got his Master's degree and doctorate in Moscow State University, where he was until 1978.
A reassessment of some poorly known turtles from the Middle Jurassic of China, with comments on the antiquity of extant turtles. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28(2):306-318 The carapace of P. zangerli is higher domed than that of the recent Chelydra, a trait conjectured to be associated with the coexistence of large, chelonivorous (i.e., turtle-eating) crocodilians. Another genus, Chelydropsis, contains several well-known Eurasian chelydrid species that existed from the Oligocene to the Pliocene.
In 1790, when the Forth and Clyde Canal was being constructed, the remains of a bathhouse were discovered. In 1913 the foundations of the fort, which had been conjectured as being in the vicinity, were confirmed. In 1923, during redevelopment of the area, significant archaeology was undertaken which established the size and nature of the Roman Fort. The fort, built around 81 AD, occupied an area of about four acres and was enclosed by an outer defensive wall.
The center 1/3 of the ceremonial cosmetic palette consists of the motif of the eye paint mixing circle, and the circle is made-up of the two necks of confronted lions. Two other palettes have this serpopard motif, the Narmer Palette and the Oxford Palette (the Minor Hierakonpolis Palette), and they are conjectured to refer to initial uniting of Upper and Lower Egypt. Further artifacts from Pharaoh Den's reign may elucidate this timeperiod of the 1st Dynasty.
In mathematics, the tameness theorem states that every complete hyperbolic 3-manifold with finitely generated fundamental group is topologically tame, in other words homeomorphic to the interior of a compact 3-manifold. The tameness theorem was conjectured by . It was proved by and, independently, by Danny Calegari and David Gabai. It is one of the fundamental properties of geometrically infinite hyperbolic 3-manifolds, together with the density theorem for Kleinian groups and the ending lamination theorem.
After the age of five, age can only be conjectured by study of the wear patterns on the incisors, shape, the angle at which the incisors meet, and other factors. The wear of teeth may also be affected by diet, natural abnormalities, and cribbing. Two horses of the same age may have different wear patterns. A horse's incisors, premolars, and molars, once fully developed, continue to erupt as the grinding surface is worn down through chewing.
The prehistory of the peoples speaking the "Altaic" languages is largely unknown. Whereas for certain other language families, such as the speakers of Indo-European, Uralic, and Austronesian, it is possible to frame substantial hypotheses, in the case of the proposed Altaic family much remains to be done.Miller (1991), page 319–320 Some scholars have conjectured a possible Uralic and Altaic homeland in the Central Asian steppes.Nikoloz Silagadze, "The Homeland Problem of Indo-European Language-Speaking Peoples", 2010.
The royal steward or court chamberlain was a powerful figure in Ancient Judah. According to the Book of Isaiah (), the royal steward appointed by King Hezekiah was called Shebna and he was admonished for building himself too grandiose a tomb. Although the name of the royal steward is broken at the point where the official is named, it has been conjectured on the basis of the biblical verse that this monumental inscription originates from the tomb of Shebna.
Its decimal (or other base) digits appear to be randomly distributed, and are conjectured to satisfy a specific kind of statistical randomness. It is known that is a transcendental number: it is not the root of any polynomial with rational coefficients. The transcendence of implies that it is impossible to solve the ancient challenge of squaring the circle with a compass and straightedge. Ancient civilizations, including the Egyptians and Babylonians, required fairly accurate approximations of for practical computations.
A Search for Wilson primes Retrieved on November 2, 2012. It has been conjectured that infinitely many Wilson primes exist, and that the number of Wilson primes in an interval [x, y] is about log(log(y)/log(x)).The Prime Glossary: Wilson prime Several computer searches have been done in the hope of finding new Wilson primes.A search for Wieferich and Wilson primes, p 443 The Ibercivis distributed computing project includes a search for Wilson primes.
However, large prime gaps occur much earlier than this argument shows. For example, the first prime gap of length 8 is between the primes 89 and 97, much smaller than 8!=40320. It is conjectured that there are infinitely many twin primes, pairs of primes with difference 2; this is the twin prime conjecture. Polignac's conjecture states more generally that for every positive integer k, there are infinitely many pairs of consecutive primes that differ by 2k.
The tameness theorem states that every complete hyperbolic 3-manifold with finitely generated fundamental group is topologically tame, in other words homeomorphic to the interior of a compact 3-manifold. The tameness theorem was conjectured by Marden. It was proved by Agol and, independently, by Danny Calegari and David Gabai. It is one of the fundamental properties of geometrically infinite hyperbolic 3-manifolds, together with the density theorem for Kleinian groups and the ending lamination theorem.
It is conjectured that Alexander accompanied herself on other tracks. Her saucy, ribald style is exemplified in her song "I Crave Your Lovin' Every Day" (1932), with the lyrics "Come on daddy, get down on your knees, Sock it to my weak spot if you please". Her earlier, similarly dirty blues number, "You've Got to Save That Thing" (1931), included "If you want to satisfy my soul, Come on and rock me with a steady roll".
In March 2019, David Harvey and Joris van der Hoeven submitted an article presenting an integer multiplication algorithm with a claimed complexity of O(n\log n).David Harvey, Joris Van Der Hoeven (2019). Integer multiplication in time O(n log n) The algorithm, also based on the fast Fourier transform, is conjectured to be asymptotically optimal. The algorithm is not considered practically useful, as its advantages only appear when multiplying extremely large numbers (having more than bits).
Two major currents influence the migration patterns of humpback whales on the coasts of Madagascar. The south branch of the South Equatorial Current meets at the south of Madagascar and travels up the western coast, forming the East Madagascar Current. Similarly, the Madagascar Ridge migratory route travels through currents traveling north along the east coast. Studies of humpback mating behavior have conjectured that Antongil Bay, on the northeast of the island, may be a wintering and mating site.
Medazepam acts as a prodrug to diazepam, as well as nordazepam, temazepam and oxazepam. Benzodiazepine drugs including medazepam increase the inhibitory processes in the cerebral cortex by allosteric modulation of the GABA receptor. Benzodiazepines may also act via micromolar benzodiazepine-binding sites as Ca2+ channel blockers and significantly inhibited depolarization-sensitive calcium uptake in experiments with cell components from rat brains. This has been conjectured as a mechanism for high dose effects against seizures in a study.
The Cowan–Reines neutrino experiment was conducted by Washington University in St. Louis alumnus Clyde L. Cowan and Stevens Institute of Technology and New York University alumnus Frederick Reines in 1956. The experiment confirmed the existence of neutrinos. Neutrinos, subatomic particles with no electric charge and very small mass, had been conjectured to be an essential particle in beta decay processes in the 1930s. With neither mass nor charge, such particles appeared to be impossible to detect.
These were difficult years for Japanese students and researchers because of World War II. The first paper published by Matsushima contained a proof that a conjecture of Hans Zassenhaus was false. Zassenhaus had conjectured that every semisimple Lie algebra L over a field of prime characteristic, with [L, L] = L, is the direct sum of simple ideals. Matsushima constructed a counterexample. He then developed a proof that Cartan subalgebras of a complex Lie algebra are conjugate.
He performed the exercise for his masters gown, but seems to have left the university abruptly, without proceeding to the M.A. It is conjectured that he came up to London in 1593, and became acquainted with Watson, Drayton, and perhaps with Edmund Spenser. The death of Sir Philip Sidney had occurred while Barnfield was still a school-boy, but it seems to have strongly affected his imagination and to have inspired some of his earliest verses.
Aaron Sabaoni was an Italian editor of Moses Albaz's cabalistic ritual, "Hekal ha-Ḳodesh," to which he added notes, and which was printed in Amsterdam, 1653. It is conjectured that he was named after the city of Sabbionetta; but in the seventeenth century he resided in Sale, and, with Jacob Sasportas, participated in the condemnation of the followers of Shabbethai Ẓebi for refusing to keep the four chief fast-days, on the ground that the Messiah had already arrived.
Hampshire also thought the pace of the module uneven as the fast pace of the early encounters drops when the player characters go on an overland trek "of no special significance" — whilst the finale "will stretch the abilities of most parties to the limit". In conclusion, Hampshire considered it a "fairly good module", but "not particularly inspired and rather marred" by some errors. He conjectured that the problems might be the result of not enough playtesting.
Both types of dementia may be present. Vitamin E status (and that of other antioxidant nutrients) is conjectured as having a possible impact on risk of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. A review of dietary intake studies reported that higher consumption of vitamin E from foods lowered the risk of developing AD by 24%. A second review examined serum vitamin E levels and reported lower serum vitamin E in AD patients compared to healthy, age-matched people.
Both types of dementia may be present. Vitamin E status (and that of other antioxidant nutrients) is conjectured as having a possible impact on risk of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. A review of dietary intake studies reported that higher consumption of vitamin E from foods lowered the risk of developing AD by 24%. A second review examined serum vitamin E levels and reported lower serum vitamin E in AD patients compared to healthy, age-matched people.
He noted that while two of his specimens appeared to be fully sexually developed, their hectocotyli looked comparatively underdeveloped. Owing to the difference in overall size between Chun's and Robson's specimens, however, Robson conjectured that the difference in hectocotyli may be due to the specimens' ages. Robson described the coloring of the specimens as "a rather deep reddish brown (verging in a distinctly purple shade in one)" for the males, with a "darker brown" for the female.
It has been conjectured by Christopher Wordsworth, with much probability, that the idea of Thoricus was associated in the Athenian mind with such a translation to the gods, and that the "Thorician stone" (Θορίκιος πέτρος) mentioned by Sophocles,Sophocles, Oed. Col. 1595. respecting which there has been so much doubt, probably has reference to such a migration, as the poet is describing a similar translation of Oedipus. Cephalus is also said to have died at Thoricus.
It has been conjectured that there are infinitely many decimal repunit primes.Chris Caldwell, "The Prime Glossary: repunit" at The Prime Pages The binary repunits are the Mersenne numbers and the binary repunit primes are the Mersenne primes. It is unknown whether there are infinitely many Brazilian primes. If the Bateman–Horn conjecture is true, then for every prime number of digits there would exist infinitely many repunit primes with that number of digits (and consequentially infinitely many Brazilian primes).
A sphere, a surface of constant radius and thus diameter, is a surface of constant width. Contrary to common belief the Reuleaux tetrahedron is not a surface of constant width. However, there are two different ways of smoothing subsets of the edges of the Reuleaux tetrahedron to form Meissner tetrahedra, surfaces of constant width. These shapes were conjectured by to have the minimum volume among all shapes with the same constant width, but this conjecture remains unsolved.
Tripod fish rest on the ocean bottom using three spines originating from the fins. Tripedalism (from the Latin tri = three + ped = foot) is locomotion by the use of three legs. It has been conjectured that parrots (Psittaciformes) display tripedalism during climbing gaits,A Comparative Survey of Climbing Robots and Arboreal Animals in Scaling Complex Environments, C. Webster, 2017 though this has not yet been documented thoroughly in scientific literature. Tripedal gaits were also observed by K. Hunt in primates.
In Texas, the unit covers the extent of the Llano Estacado, attaining a thickness of . Exceptionally flat, it is conjectured that the limestone beds in the Texas region formed within broad, shallow lakes. The Blanco Formation is recognized in Kansas where it attains a maximum thickness of over . In much of its extent in Kansas, the Blanco is buried under deep Pleistocene loess and soil deposits and a certain amount of knowledge of the unit comes from well drilling.
A founder's hoard contains broken or unfit metal objects, ingots, casting waste, and often complete objects, in a finished state. These were probably buried with the intention to be recovered at a later time. A merchant's hoard is a collection of various functional items which, it is conjectured, were buried by a traveling merchant for safety, with the intention of later retrieval. A personal hoard is a collection of personal objects buried for safety in times of unrest.
It was also conjectured that the animals were harder to see against the dark bitumen instead of the light gravel. The devil and quoll are especially vulnerable as they often try to retrieve roadkill for food and travel along the road. To alleviate the problem, traffic slowing measures, man-made pathways that offer alternative routes for devils, education campaigns, and the installation of light reflectors to indicate oncoming vehicles have been implemented. They are credited with decreases in roadkill.
At the end of the third edition is an additional poem on the birth, to James, Duke of York and Mary, Duchess of York, of their infant son Charles, who died in December 1677. Newport also wrote a manuscript treatise, De Scientiâ Dei, preserved in the library at Salamanca; and George Oliver conjectured that he was the author of A Golden Censer full with the pretious Incense to the Praisers of Saints, Paris, 1654, dedicated to Queen Henrietta Maria.
It is generally uncertain what type of dinosaurs laid faveoloolithid eggs, though they are conjectured to have been laid by sauropods.Tanaka, K., Zelenitsky, D. K., & Therrien, F. (2015) "Eggshell Porosity Provides Insight on Evolution of Nesting in Dinosaurs." PLoS ONE, 10(11), e0142829. Unlike most dinosaur eggs, where the shell membrane and the calcareous eggshell form sequentially, in dictyoolithids and faveoloolithids (including Hemifaveoloolithus) the membrane and shell would develop simultaneously, comparable to eggs of modern tuataras.
In October 2007, despite their political differences on many social issues, Perry endorsed Rudy Giuliani for President. "Rudy Giuliani is the most prepared individual of either party to be the next President... I'm not talking about any mayor, I'm talking about America's Mayor," Perry said. Some conjectured that, if Giuliani were elected, Perry might have been considered for a position in the new president's cabinet, or perhaps the vice presidency."Texas governor Rick Perry endorses Giuliani".
The Dachigam Telbal Nallah system is conjectured to follow two major lineaments. Discontinuous surfaces seen in the terrain are attributed to the angular and parallel drainage pattern. The water table cuts the hill slopes, which is evidenced by the occurrence of numerous springs in the valley. Seismic activity in the valley is recorded under Zone V of the Seismic Zoning Map of India, the most severe zone where frequent damaging earthquakes of intensity IX could be expected.
Two further roll attempts failed, however, and he was swept into a succession of rapids which Tom McEwan later described as "a certainly fatal series of recirculating hydraulics."Tom McEwan (undated). Trip Report of the Yarlung Tsangpo Expedition. (retrieved on 14 September 2008) His team members later conjectured that Gordon had not managed to roll up because he had been partly pulled out of his boat, as had happened to him once before earlier on the trip.
Naumachius was a Greek gnomic poet. Of his poems, seventy-three hexameters (in three fragments) are preserved by Stobaeus in his Florilegium; they deal mainly with the duty of a good wife. From the remarks on celibacy and the allusion to a mystic marriage it has been conjectured that the author was a Christian. The fragments, translated anonymously into English under the title of Advice to the Fair Sex (1736), are in Gaisford's Poetae minores Graeci, iii (1823).
In mathematics, in the field of number theory, the Ramanujan–Nagell equation is an equation between a square number and a number that is seven less than a power of two. It is an example of an exponential Diophantine equation, an equation to be solved in integers where one of the variables appears as an exponent. It is named after Srinivasa Ramanujan, who conjectured that it has only five integer solutions, and after Trygve Nagell, who proved the conjecture.
The equation is :2^n-7=x^2 \, and solutions in natural numbers n and x exist just when n = 3, 4, 5, 7 and 15 . This was conjectured in 1913 by Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan, proposed independently in 1943 by the Norwegian mathematician Wilhelm Ljunggren, and proved in 1948 by the Norwegian mathematician Trygve Nagell. The values of n correspond to the values of x as:- :x = 1, 3, 5, 11 and 181Saradha & Srinivasan (2008) p.208 .
It is known, that the harmonic numbers are never integers except the case n=1. The same question can be posed with respect to the hyperharmonic numbers: are there integer hyperharmonic numbers? István Mező proved that if r=2 or r=3, these numbers are never integers except the trivial case when n=1. He conjectured that this is always the case, namely, the hyperharmonic numbers of order r are never integers except when n=1.
The Symonds House is set opposite Symonds Way on the west side of Haverhill Street, one of Reading's oldest north-south roads, and an early settlement area. Facing south, it is a large 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a hip roof and four interior chimneys. Its end walls are brick, and the front and rear walls are finished in clapboards. Its front door surround is a conjectured 20th century replacement for an earlier surround.
Simon Brendle has solved major open problems regarding the Yamabe equation in conformal geometry. This includes his counterexamples to the compactness conjecture for the Yamabe problem, and the proof of the convergence of the Yamabe flow in all dimensions (conjectured by Richard Hamilton). In 2007, he proved the differentiable sphere theorem (in collaboration with Richard Schoen), a fundamental problem in global differential geometry. In 2012, he proved the Hsiang–Lawson's conjecture, a longstanding problem in minimal surface theory.
49 She became an ascetic, wearing plain clothes and participating in extreme fasts that dramatically weakened her. Historian John Matthews conjectured that Blaesilla's behavior was due to depression and a response to a life-threatening illness. Her family grew alarmed about her declining health and even petitioned the pope. She was not able to withstand the demands that her asceticism had on her body, though, and she died within four months, in 384, at the age of 20.
On the other hand, some scholars have embraced the hypothesis first forwarded by A.E. Nordenskiöld, that the surviving charts are misleading, that the earliest Genoese maps were just faithful copies of a conjectured prototype (now lost), composed around 1300 by an unknown Majorcan cosmographer, possibly with the involvement of Ramon Llull.Nordenskiöld (1896, 1897). An intermediary position acknowledges Genoese priority, but insists the Majorcan school had an autonomous origin, at best "inspired" (but not derived) from the Genoese.Winter (1958).
It has been conjectured that 150,000–200,000 copies were sold in total. Murphy, for his part, did not feel he was adequately remunerated, being paid £250 up front and £150 six months later. The publishers did not feel the need to pay him any more after they received a letter from Germany prior to publication, stating he had already been paid for his efforts when he was employed by the Propaganda Ministry.Barnes and Barnes, pp. 67–68.
An empirical analysis of all prime pairs up to 4.35 · 1015 shows that if the number of such pairs less than x is f(x)·x/(log x)2 then f(x) is about 1.7 for small x and decreases towards about 1.3 as x tends to infinity. The limiting value of f(x) is conjectured to equal twice the twin prime constant () (not to be confused with Brun's constant), according to the Hardy–Littlewood conjecture.
In graph theory, the Robertson–Seymour theorem (also called the graph minor theorem.) states that the undirected graphs, partially ordered by the graph minor relationship, form a well-quasi-ordering.. Equivalently, every family of graphs that is closed under minors can be defined by a finite set of forbidden minors, in the same way that Wagner's theorem characterizes the planar graphs as being the graphs that do not have the complete graph K5 or the complete bipartite graph K3,3 as minors. The Robertson–Seymour theorem is named after mathematicians Neil Robertson and Paul D. Seymour, who proved it in a series of twenty papers spanning over 500 pages from 1983 to 2004.; . Before its proof, the statement of the theorem was known as Wagner's conjecture after the German mathematician Klaus Wagner, although Wagner said he never conjectured it.. A weaker result for trees is implied by Kruskal's tree theorem, which was conjectured in 1937 by Andrew Vázsonyi and proved in 1960 independently by Joseph Kruskal and S. Tarkowski.
Allegedly, he used his wife's mittens for experiments. Reade conjectured that the difference in sensitivity was caused by gallic acid used for tanning, and indeed by treating paper with gallic acid before soaking it in silver nitrate solution, he could drastically increase the sensitivity. In 1854, Reade testified at the Talbot v. Laroche trial, where Laroche tried to prove that Talbot's calotype patent was invalid because the use of gallic acid was first discovered by Reade, from whom Talbot learned it.
All the bulbs we encountered in the previous section were interior components of the Mandelbrot set in which the maps f_c have an attracting periodic cycle. Such components are called hyperbolic components. It is conjectured that these are the only interior regions of M. This problem, known as density of hyperbolicity, may be the most important open problem in the field of complex dynamics. Hypothetical non-hyperbolic components of the Mandelbrot set are often referred to as "queer" or ghost components.
It is conjectured that these are the only solutions. It has been further shown that if a solution exists for q congruent to 1 or 2 mod 4, then q is a sum of two square numbers. This last result, the Bruck–Ryser theorem, is proved by a combination of constructive methods based on finite fields and an application of quadratic forms. When such a structure does exist, it is called a finite projective plane; thus showing how finite geometry and combinatorics intersect.
In 1967, White conjectured that the Christian influences in the Middle Ages were at the root of ecological crisis in the 20th century. He gave a lecture on December 26, 1966, titled, "The Historical Roots of Our Ecologic Crisis" at the Washington meeting of the AAAS, that was later published in the journal Science. White's article was based on the premise that "all forms of life modify their context", i.e. every living organism in some way alters its environment or habitat.
In the late 1980s, in connection with the problem of rotation distance, Daniel Sleator, Robert Tarjan, and William Thurston provided a proof that the diameter of the n-dimensional associahedron Kn + 2 is at most 2n − 4 for infinitely many n and for all "large enough" values of n.. They also proved that this upper bound is tight when n is large enough, and conjectured that "large enough" means “strictly greater than 9”. This conjecture was proved in 2012 by Lionel Pournin..
A variant of the speculative Dyson sphere. Such large scale artifacts would drastically alter the spectrum of a star. In 1959, Freeman Dyson observed that every developing human civilization constantly increases its energy consumption, and, he conjectured, a civilization might try to harness a large part of the energy produced by a star. He proposed that a Dyson sphere could be a possible means: a shell or cloud of objects enclosing a star to absorb and utilize as much radiant energy as possible.
A planar cover of a graph is a finite covering graph that is itself a planar graph. The property of having a planar cover may be characterized by forbidden minors, but the exact characterization of this form remains unknown. Every graph with an embedding in the projective plane has a planar cover coming from the orientable double cover of the projective plane; in 1988, Seiya Nagami conjectured that these are the only graphs with planar covers, but this remains unproven..
Given the partial correspondence between the 1-dimensional Hausdorff measure of a compact subset of C and its analytic capacity, it might be conjectured that γ(K) = 0 implies H1(K) = 0. However, this conjecture is false. A counterexample was first given by A. G. Vitushkin, and a much simpler one by J. Garnett in his 1970 paper. This latter example is the linear four corners Cantor set, constructed as follows: Let K0 := [0, 1] × [0, 1] be the unit square.
The theorem can be generalised for "only a few cases," but remains valid for M/M/c queues and Geom/Geom/1 queues. It is thought that Burke's theorem does not extend to queues fed by a Markovian arrival processes (MAP) and is conjectured that the output process of an MAP/M/1 queue is an MAP only if the queue is an M/M/1 queue. An analogous theorem for the Brownian queue was proven by J. Michael Harrison.
He may have been killed when he unwittingly alarmed Zuni tribesmen with decorations that symbolized death, but it is just speculative.Estevanico entry at the Handbook of Texas Francisco Vásquez de Coronado conquered the pueblo in 1540, hoping it was one of the legendary "Seven Cities of Gold". He recorded its native name at the time as Cevola, though others who accompanied him wrote it as Cíbola in their accounts. It has been conjectured that this name comes from a word meaning "buffalo".
Historically, elliptic cohomology arose from the study of elliptic genera. It was known by Atiyah and Hirzebruch that if S^1 acts smoothly and non-trivially on a spin manifold, then the index of the Dirac operator vanishes. In 1983, Witten conjectured that in this situation the equivariant index of a certain twisted Dirac operator is at least constant. This led to certain other problems concerning S^1-actions on manifolds, which could be solved by Ochanine by the introduction of elliptic genera.
Every graph whose girth is greater than four has cop number at least equal to its minimum degree. It follows that there exist graphs of arbitrarily high cop number. Henri Meyniel (also known for Meyniel graphs) conjectured in 1985 that every connected n-vertex graph has cop number O(\sqrt n). The Levi graphs (or incidence graphs) of finite projective planes have girth six and minimum degree \Omega(\sqrt n), so if true this bound would be the best possible.
Patmos is seldom mentioned by ancient writers. Therefore, very little can be conjectured about the earliest inhabitants. In the Classical period, the Patmians prefer to identify themselves as Dorians descending from the families of Argos, Sparta and Epidaurus, further mingling with people of Ionian ancestry. During the 3rd century BC, in the Hellenistic period, the settlement of Patmos acquired the form of an acropolis with an improved defence through a fortification wall and towers.Patmos – official website Retrieved on 2008-09-04.
Roman Britain, with the Via Devana highlighted in red. Via Devana is the name given to a Roman Road in England that ran from Colchester in the south-east, through Cambridge in the interior, and on to Chester in the north-west. These were important Roman military centres and it is conjectured that the main reason the road was constructed was military rather than civilian. The Latin name for Chester is Deva and 'Via Devana' is thus 'The Chester Road'.
From this vague description, it is conjectured that the Royal Oak was about in diameter or in circumference. Another oak tree that once grew near Tobermore was so tall and straight that it was known as the Fishing Rod. Tradition is that all of the townlands were once covered with magnificent oak trees. The Moyola River runs from west to east half a mile to the north of Tobermore village, heading through the townlands of Ballynahone Beg and Ballynahone More.
However, the name Parameswara is not found in the Malay Annals, which give in some detail on the kingdoms of Singapura and Malacca. Rather it gives the name Iskandar Shah as the last ruler of Singapura and founder of Malacca. Iskandar is Persian for "Alexander", after Alexander the Great, and Shah the Persian title for a king. It is conjectured that the Iskandar Shah of the Malay Annals may have been the same person as Parameswara based on commonalities in their biographies.
Fermat's last theorem was first conjectured by Pierre de Fermat in 1637, famously in the margin of a copy of Arithmetica where he claimed he had a proof that was too large to fit in the margin. No successful proof was published until 1995 despite the efforts of countless mathematicians during the 358 intervening years. The unsolved problem stimulated the development of algebraic number theory in the 19th century and the proof of the modularity theorem in the 20th century.
The identity of Arumberia is controversial. Arumberia has been originally interpreted as a 5–20 cm high cup-like organism, apparently composed of flexible tissue, attached to the sea bottom by a blunt apex or, later, as a colonial organism made of flexible, thin-walled tubes tightly joined together through their length. Affinities with Ernietta, Conostichus, Pteridinium, Palaeoplatoda, Phyllozoon and Bergaueria and Chuaria have been conjectured. Spheroidal objects found along with Arumberia have also been interpreted as "dispersable stage" of Arumberia itself.
Sabino advertised himself as a poet laureate on the title pages of his editions of ancient texts. It is unclear in whose court he held the position, or in what year, though one scholar conjectured 1469.Vincenzo Lancetti, Memorie intorno ai poeti laureati d'ogni tempo e d'ogni nazione (Milan, 1839), p. 170. At any rate, he was identified as such in the period 1469–1474,Christina Meckelnberg and Bernd Schneider, Odyssea Responsio Ulixis ad Penelopen: Die humanistische Odyssea decurtata der Berliner Handschrift Diez.
1964, pg 766-7 Troy (1986) suggested Tanedjemet was a daughter-wife of Ramesses II.Demas, Martha, and Neville Agnew, eds. 2012. Valley of the Queens Assessment Report: Volume 1. Los Angeles, CA: Getty Conservation Institute. Getty Conservation Institute, link to article Later, Leblanc (1999) has suggested that she is a wife of Sety I. Hari (1965) and Thomas (1967) had conjectured that the 'Ta' element of the name should be read as 'Mut', thereby rendering the name of the queen as Mutnedjmet.
There are indications of a rectangular range surrounding the motte which measures in an eastern direction. The top of the mound is flat, over which it is conjectured that a structure made either of timber or stone had existed as a defensive measure. Also seen close to the mound are "crop marks" which could have been a court, the llys. Y The ditch that surrounds the motte has two 2 causeways over it running from the south and south-west.
Conklin conjectured that epileptic seizures were caused when a toxin, secreted from the Peyer's patches in the intestines, was discharged into the bloodstream. He recommended a fast lasting 18 to 25 days to allow this toxin to dissipate. Conklin probably treated hundreds of epilepsy patients with his "water diet" and boasted of a 90% cure rate in children, falling to 50% in adults. Later analysis of Conklin's case records showed 20% of his patients achieved freedom from seizures and 50% had some improvement.
It has also been conjectured that bigatus had become a slang term for denarii in a broader sense of "two-horsed," which might also apply to the image of the Dioscuri (Castor and Pollux) as horsemen.Rodewald, Money in the Age of Tiberius, p. 142, summarizing H. Mattingly, "The First Age of Roman Coinage," Journal of Roman Studies 35 (1945); Kenneth W. Hart, Coinage in the Roman Economy, 300 B.C. to A.D. 700 (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), pp. 394, note 34, and 475.
Into Frankford Creek near the Delaware empties a stream called Freaheatah. Frankford Creek derives its name from the village of Frankford, adjoining. On Lindstrom's map it is called "Aleskins Kylen", La Riviere des Anguilles Ecorchees (meaning "the river of skinned eels"), the origin of which can only be conjectured. A portion of the creek east of the junction of the Little Tacony is called Questioninck in a patent to Eric Cock and others, and Quissinuaminck in a patent to Thomas Fairman, 1688.
Archaeological excavations and surveys provided evidence of the existence of many ancient settlements in and around Behat. Based on the artifacts discovered during these excavations, human habitation in and around this area is traced back to 2000 BCE. It is conjectured that Behat was known as Brihat-vat during the reign of the Nanda Dynasty (circa 501 BCE). An Ashoka pillar excavated from Topari (Khiderabād), near Saharanpur, was taken to Delhi by Sultan Firoz Shah Tughluq, and still resides in Feroze Shah Kotla.
In 1937 Theodor Schneider proved the aforementioned result that if is a quadratic irrational number in the upper half plane then is an algebraic integer. In addition he proved that if is an algebraic number but not imaginary quadratic then is transcendental. The function has numerous other transcendental properties. Kurt Mahler conjectured a particular transcendence result that is often referred to as Mahler's conjecture, though it was proved as a corollary of results by Yu. V. Nesterenko and Patrice Phillipon in the 1990s.
The gun ports on the lower level are 'dumb-bell' shaped, while those above are of the 'inverted keyhole' type. It has been conjectured that the guns mounted in these openings would have been a breech- loading device of around calibre, attached to a wooden stock. Only one of these towers, the south east, remains, while the others were damaged in the 1640 siege and subsequently collapsed. Between the towers is a curtain wall, thick and formerly up to high.
A mutilated statue found at York has a fragmentary dedicatory inscription that has been read as containing the name Arimanius. The figure seems to be entwined with a serpent. At one time it was conjectured that it represented the lion-headed god of Mithraism, or some form of Aion. But since Arimanius could also be a Romano-Celtic personal name, it is uncertain whether the inscription refers to the god represented by the statue, or to the person who made the votive dedication.
Wittkower demonstrates that Alberti's plan comprised a set of stairs the full width of the façade leading to five doors (three of which have been filled in as dysfunctional balconies). The most unexpected motif in the façade is the central break in the entablature presented by the window opening, doubtless intended to be arch-headed under the arched entablature that joins the outer sections, a motif that Wittkower conjectured Alberti knew from the side elevations of the Roman triumphal arch at Orange.
Amerigo Vespucci first demonstrated that Brazil and the West Indies did not represent Asia's eastern outskirts as conjectured by Christopher Columbus, but instead constituted an entirely separate landmass hitherto unknown to the peoples of the Old World. Martin Waldseemüller coined the term America (in honor of Vespucci) in a 1507 world map. First uses of the adjective American referenced European settlements in the New World. Americans referred to the indigenous peoples of the Americas and subsequently to European settlers and their descendants.
A former Manson Family associate claimed members of the Family had known Habe and it was conjectured she had been one of their victims. Los Angeles County coroner Thomas Noguchi recorded that the teenager bled to death."Officials Reveal Coed, 17, Was Stabbed To Death", Los Angeles Times, 3 January 1969, pg. SF1. Survived by both parents, Marina Habe was buried in Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City following a requiem mass at Good Shepherd Roman Catholic Church in Beverly Hills.
A Latin inscription in the House of Julia Felix reports that "on the estate of Julia Felix... a venereum", among other things, was "to be let for a term of five continuous years, from the first to the sixth of the Ides of August". The accompanying abbreviation SQDLENC is conjectured to stand for "Si quis domi lenocinium exerceat ne conducito" ("Let no one apply who keeps a brothel"). The venereum in the House of Sallustius included a bedchamber, a triclinium and a lararium.
It has been speculated that the tell in Syria called Tell eth-Thadeyn ("tell of the two breasts") was called Shaddai in the Amorite language. There was a Bronze-Age city in the region called Tuttul, which means "two breasts" in the Sumerian language. It has been conjectured that El Shaddai was therefore the "God of Shaddai" and that the inclusion of the Abrahamic stories into the Hebrew Bible may have brought the northern name with them (see Documentary hypothesis).
From the standing image of Surya in the principal niche on the back of the temple, it is conjectured that the temple was originally dedicated to the Sun god. However, in the present form its vaishnav temple of god vishnu in its daityasudan avatar. There is a story that a demon by the name of Lonasur or Lavanasur used to reside in this locality along with his sisters. He was killed by lord Vishnu in his Daityasudan Avatar hence the name.
Artist's conception of the process of terraforming Mars as discussed in some works of science fiction Various works of fiction put forward the idea of terraforming Mars to allow a wide variety of life forms, including humans, to survive unaided on Mars' surface. Some ideas of possible technologies that may be able to contribute to the terraforming of Mars have been conjectured, but none would be able to bring the entire planet into the Earth-like habitat pictured in science fiction.
Brick "stamp mold" for the King of Larsa, Sin-Iddinam. (for Sun God, Utu, foundation deposit of temple) A replica of the Phaistos Disc Seals and stamps may have been precursors to movable type. The uneven spacing of the impressions on brick stamps found in the Mesopotamian cities of Uruk and Larsa, dating from the 2nd millennium BC, has been conjectured by some archaeologists as evidence that the stamps were made using movable type. The enigmatic Minoan Phaistos Disc of c.
While at Harvard, Motl worked on the pp-wave limit of AdS/CFT correspondence, twistor theory and its application to gauge theory with supersymmetry, black hole thermodynamics and the conjectured relevance of quasinormal modes for loop quantum gravity, deconstruction, and other topics. In 2006, he proposed the Weak Gravity Conjecture with Nima Arkani-Hamed, Alberto Nicolis and Cumrun Vafa. He is the author of L'équation Bogdanov, a 2008 French-language book discussing the scientific ideas and controversy of the Bogdanov brothers.
Frobenius conjectured that if in addition the number of solutions to xn=1 is exactly n where n divides the order of G then these solutions form a normal subgroup. This has been proved as a consequence of the classification of finite simple groups. The symmetric group S3 has exactly 4 solutions to x4=1 but these do not form a normal subgroup; this is not a counterexample to the conjecture as 4 does not divide the order of S3.
There is also a copy held at the National Library of Chile, in Santiago. The First Folio is one of the most valuable printed books in the world: a copy sold at Christie's in New York in October 2001 made $6.16 million hammer price (then £3.73m). In October 2020, a copy sold at Christie's in New York for $10 million. Oriel College, Oxford, raised a conjectured £3.5 million from the sale of its First Folio to Sir Paul Getty in 2003.
Richard Karp also conjectured that Ω(n2) queries are required for testing nontrivial monotone properties even if randomized algorithms are permitted. No nontrivial monotone property is known which requires less than n2/4 queries to test. A linear lower bound (i.e., Ω(n)) on all monotone properties follows from a very general relationship between randomized and deterministic query complexities. The first superlinear lower bound for all monotone properties was given by who showed that Ω(n log1/12 n) queries are required.
Instead they sent the bishop of a small and obscure bishopric. It has been conjectured that"D'où était évêque Nicaise, l'unique représentant des Gaules au Concile de Nicée ?" par G. Morin, in Revue Bénédictine vol XVI, 1899, p. 72. the primate was unavailable due to health or age and Nicaise, having Greek parents was chosen for his knowledge of Greek.par Lenain de Tillemont, "Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire ecclésiastique des six premiers siècles", Vol 6, (troisième partie, 1709) p. 687.
The function of the naris remains largely unresolved. Olson (1941) suggested that the anterior half served the typical function of smell detection and that the posterior half housed some kind of gland. Bolt (1974) conjectured that the well-developed nasal flange was probably for distribution of stresses throughout the skull and might be a hallmark of terrestrial dissorophoids. He then suggested that there might be a gland related to salt excretion (the "glandula nasalis externa") that would produce the enlargement of the naris.
Studies of the settlement pattern indicate that the southern regions were the first to be settled. As of 1910, these were the emet of Aldai on the west and the, by then annexed, emet of Soiin on the east. It was conjectured that the first pororosiek were Kakipoch in Aldai and Tuken in Soiin. It is notable that Sirikwa holes (known to the Nandi as mukowanisiek) were almost non-existent in the areas first settled, being only present on the Nandi escarpment itself.
On the powers and functions of the Legate and Vice- Legate, see: Pierre Le Merre, Pierre Le Merre (jr.), Louis Odespunc de La Meschinière, Jean Le Gentil, Marc Du Saulzet, Abregé du Recueil des actes, titres et mémoires concernant les affaires du clergé de France (Paris 1752), 817-823. From 1564 to 1565, he was Bishop of Sabina and it is conjectured (in the absence of positive evidence) that it was in 1564 that Farnese finally was consecrated a bishop.
The see of Tarragona, which was vacant at that time, was represented at the Council of Arles (314) by two procurators, the priest Probatius and the deacon Castorius. Himerius, who sent the priest Basianus to Pope St. Damasus, and who obtained a letter from Pope St. Siricius, was Archbishop of Tarragona in 384. It is also conjectured that the Hilarius who was the subject of the Decretal issued by Pope Innocent I was also a Bishop of Tarragona. Ascanio was bishop in 465.
Piyamaradu has been conjectured by some, to correspond to the archetype embodied in the epic/legendary Priam of Troy in the Iliad.S.P. Morris, "A Tale of Two Cities", American Journal of Archaeology 93 (1989), p. 532. The epic Priam's son Paris/Alexandros, identified with Alaksandu, a Wilusan king known to have made a treaty with the Hittite monarch Muwatalli II, has a less speculative identification.Troy at Transanatolia Piyamaradu is often designated as a "king" of Wilusa in a number of modern sources.
The construction of Kravitz yields primitive weird numbers, since all weird numbers of the form 2^k p q are primitive, but the existence of infinitely many k and Q which yield a prime R is not guaranteed. It is conjectured that there exist infinitely many primitive numbers, and Melfi has shown that the infiniteness of primitive weird numbers is a consequence of Cramér's conjecture. Primitive weird numbers with as many as 16 prime factors and 14712 digits have been found.
Early Norwich Crag deposition in East Anglia took place within a topographical context established in the late Pliocene: an eastward dipping plain developed on Cretaceous Chalk interrupted by three SSW to NNE trending depressions partly filled with Red Crag sediments. It is conjectured that at c.2.4 million years BP the North Sea coastline lay across east Norfolk and east Suffolk, with a continuation eastwards to Holland; there were local embayments in the areas of Stalham, Bungay and Stradbroke.Funnell, BM (1996).
Nicolas, "Répartition des nombres superabondants", Bull. Math. Soc. France 103 (1975), pp. 65–90. In their 1944 paper, Alaoglu and Erdős conjectured that the ratio of two consecutive colossally abundant numbers was always a prime number. They showed that this would follow from a special case of the four exponentials conjecture in transcendental number theory, specifically that for any two distinct prime numbers p and q, the only real numbers t for which both pt and qt are rational are the positive integers.
It has been conjectured that the vernacular of Brazil (not the official and standard Brazilian Portuguese) resulted from decreolization of a creole based on Portuguese and native languages; but this is not a widely accepted view. Vernacular Brazilian Portuguese is continuous and mutually intelligible with European Portuguese, and in fact quite conservative in some aspects."Origens do português brasileiro". Academic specialists compiled by linguist Volker Noll affirm that the Brazilian linguistic phenomena are the "nativização", nativization/nativism of a most radically Romanic form.
He considered A. trapezicollis to be a pest of the palm known as licuri (Syagrus coronata). He observed that adults fed on pollen and conjectured that larvae might feed on flowers, even though he never observed them. More recently, the full life cycle of A. eriospathae has been described, showing that larvae feed on developing seeds and adults on pollen. Also, species of Anchylorhynchus have been shown to be important pollinators of Oenocarpus bataua, Oenocarpus balickii, Oenocarpus minor, Butia paraguayensis and Syagrus loefgrenii.
In discrete mathematics, the Bregman–Minc inequality, or Bregman's theorem, allows one to estimate the permanent of a binary matrix via its row or column sums. The inequality was conjectured in 1963 by Henryk Minc and first proved in 1973 by Lev M. Bregman. Further entropy-based proofs have been given by Alexander Schrijver and Jaikumar Radhakrishnan. The Bregman–Minc inequality is used, for example, in graph theory to obtain upper bounds for the number of perfect matchings in a bipartite graph.
It has been conjectured to be a fleeting intermediate in the thermal decomposition of certain oxalatesAhmed A. El- Sherif, Bakir J. A. Jeragh (2007), Mixed ligand complexes of Cu(II)-2-(2-pyridyl)-benzimidazole and aliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acids: Synthesis, characterization and biological activity. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, volume 68, issue 1, pages 877-882. and certain chemoluminescent reactions of oxalyl chloride.M. M. Rauhut, L. J. Bollyky, R. A. Clarke, M. Loy, B. G.Roberts (1965) CHEMILUMINESCENT MATERIALS .
The Frucht graph, a 3-regular graph whose automorphism group realizes the trivial group. Frucht's theorem is a theorem in algebraic graph theory conjectured by Dénes Kőnig in 1936 and proved by Robert Frucht in 1939. It states that every finite group is the group of symmetries of a finite undirected graph. More strongly, for any finite group G there exist infinitely many non-isomorphic simple connected graphs such that the automorphism group of each of them is isomorphic to G.
Hughes worked at various odd jobs, before serving a brief tenure as a crewman aboard the S.S. Malone in 1923, spending six months traveling to West Africa and Europe."Poem" or "To F.S." first appeared in The Crisis in May 1925, and was reprinted in The Weary Blues and The Dream Keeper. Hughes never publicly identified "F.S.", but it is conjectured he was Ferdinand Smith, a merchant seaman whom the poet first met in New York in the early 1920s.
Based on this H. Hopf conjectured in 1956 that any immersed compact orientable constant mean curvature hypersurface in \R^nmust be a standard embedded n-1 sphere. This conjecture was disproven in 1982 by Wu-Yi Hsiang using a counterexample in \R^4. In 1984 Henry C. Wente constructed the Wente torus, an immersion into \R^3 of a torus with constant mean curvature. . Up until this point it had seemed that CMC surfaces were rare; new techniques produced a plethora of examples.
During periods of global warming, ice breaks off the poles and floats across submerged continents, carrying debris with it, he conjectured. When the iceberg melts, it rains down sediments upon the land. Because this theory could account for the presence of diluvium, the word drift became the preferred term for the loose, unsorted material, today called till. Furthermore, Lyell believed that the accumulation of fine angular particles covering much of the world (today called loess) was a deposit settled from mountain flood water.
The date of composition can only be conjectured. It is almost certain that sections 5-8 are the work of one editor, who lived after the completion of the Babylonian Talmud. One needs only to compare the maxim לעולם (in 5:2) with Sanhedrin 23a and Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael Mishpaṭim 20 to see that the compiler had the Talmud before him. The next maxim is a combination of Eruvin 65b and Avot of Rabbi Natan, ed. כל המתנבל S. Schechter, 32:68.
Gabriel Andrew Dirac (13 March 1925 – 20 July 1984) was a Hungarian/British mathematician who mainly worked in graph theory. He served as Erasmus Smith's Professor of Mathematics at Trinity College Dublin 1964-1966. In 1952, he gave a sufficient condition for a graph to contain a Hamiltonian circuit. The previous year, he conjectured that n points in the plane, not all collinear, must span at least [n/2] two-point lines, where [x] is the largest integer not exceeding x.
Llywelyn Bren was a Welsh nobleman of the minor royal house of the cantref of Senghenydd (previously known as Cantref Breiniol) and a descendant of Ifor Bach, his great-great grandfather. His father was Gruffudd ap Rhys. Llywelyn is conjectured to have been born some time before 1267, as Gruffudd was dispossessed of the lordship of Senghenydd in that year by Gilbert de Clare and subsequently imprisoned in Ireland; there is no record of him returning to Wales. Llywelyn married Lleucu (d.
In a study of the Pisano period k(p), Donald Dines Wall determined that there are no Wall–Sun–Sun primes less than 10000. In 1960, he wrote: It has since been conjectured that there are infinitely many Wall–Sun–Sun primes.. No Wall–Sun–Sun primes are known . In 2007, Richard J. McIntosh and Eric L. Roettger showed that if any exist, they must be > 2. Dorais and Klyve extended this range to 9.7 without finding such a prime.
Women generally report greater disgust than men, especially regarding sexual disgust or general repulsiveness which have been argued to be consistent with women being more selective regarding sex for evolutionary reasons. Sensitivity to disgust rises during pregnancy, along with levels of the hormone progesterone. Scientists have conjectured that pregnancy requires the mother to "dial down" her immune system so that the developing embryo won't be attacked. To protect the mother, this lowered immune system is then compensated by a heightened sense of disgust.
His early instruments were traditionally constructed using traditional materials, but they evolved more than anyone else's. By the late 1950s his instruments still looked traditional from the outside, but were quite radical within: the frame and wrestplank were aluminum; bridges were brass; only the outer case was wood. Of his soundboard construction, Mr. Challis said, "This is my only secret"; Wolfgang Zuckermann (in his 1969 book The Modern Harpsichord) conjectured that they were anodized aluminum.Wolfgang Joachim Zuckermann, The Modern Harpsichord, October House Inc.
It seems a fair inference that Salvian had divested himself of all his property in favour of that society and sent his relative to Lerins for assistance (Ep. i., with which compare Ad eccles. ii. 9, 10; iii. 5). It has been conjectured that Salvian paid a visit to Carthage; but this is a mere inference based on the minute details he gives of the state of this city just before its fall to the Vandals (De gub. vii. viii).
Landing occurred at about 02:45 UTC on 25 December 2003. After analysis of the imagery obtained in 2015, it has been conjectured that after landing, the bags deflated and the top of the lander opened. However these images suggest that at most only two of the four solar panels deployed. A signal was supposed to be sent to Mars Express after landing and another the next (local) morning to confirm that Beagle 2 survived the landing and the first night on Mars.
Scholars have conjectured dates of authorship for the play as early as 1592, though most favor a date in the 1600–4 period.Logan and Smith, pp. 209–10. The Merry Devil enters the historical record in 1604, when it is mentioned in a contemporary work called the Black Booke. The play was entered into the Stationers' Register on 22 October 1607, and published the next year, in a quarto printed by Henry Ballard for the bookseller Arthur Johnson (Q1 – 1608).
Modern myrrh has long been commented on as coming from a different source to that held in high regard by the ancients, having been superior in some way. Pedanius Dioscorides described the myrrh of the first century AD as most likely to refer to a "species of mimosa", describing it "like the Egyptian thorn". He describes its appearance and leaf structure as "spinnate-winged". The ancient type of myrrh conjectured was noted for possessing a far more delightful odor than the modern.
In algebraic combinatorics, the h-vector of a simplicial polytope is a fundamental invariant of the polytope which encodes the number of faces of different dimensions and allows one to express the Dehn–Sommerville equations in a particularly simple form. A characterization of the set of h-vectors of simplicial polytopes was conjectured by Peter McMullen. and proved by Lou Billera and Carl W. Lee.. and Richard Stanley. (g-theorem). The definition of h-vector applies to arbitrary abstract simplicial complexes.
The architect had used the formula to lay out the precise dimensions of the fractal and self-similar geometry in Borobudur's design. This ratio is also found in the designs of Pawon and Mendut, nearby Buddhist temples. Archeologists have conjectured that the 4:6:9 ratio and the tala have calendrical, astronomical and cosmological significance, as is the case with the temple of Angkor Wat in Cambodia. The main structure can be divided into three components: base, body, and top.
Otacity Ostenaco (, or "Bighead"; –1780) in the thickly-settled Cherokee township of Tellico. It has been conjectured that he was born into the Ani- waya(Wolf) clan, the one associated in particular with bearing numerous warriors. By his thirties, he had assumed the warrior rank of Utsidihi (Mankiller), and the title of the Tassite of Great Tellico. He then rose to assume the higher Cherokee rank of Cherokee chief warrior or skiagusta, orator, and leading figure in diplomacy with British colonial authorities.
In mathematics, Hilbert's fourteenth problem, that is, number 14 of Hilbert's problems proposed in 1900, asks whether certain algebras are finitely generated. The setting is as follows: Assume that k is a field and let K be a subfield of the field of rational functions in n variables, :k(x1, ..., xn ) over k. Consider now the k-algebra R defined as the intersection : R:= K \cap k[x_1, \dots, x_n] \ . Hilbert conjectured that all such algebras are finitely generated over k.
In the Nome group of Seaward Peninsula, geological formations of schist and limestone have also been recorded. Their age is conjectured as of Cambrian to Post Ordovician. The magnesium limestone formation in the White Mountain of the Fish River Basin is reported to contain fossil fauna in the form of a "heavy-shelled lamilibranch". This fossil has been compared with similar finds in south eastern Alaska in the limestone formations of similar age in the Glacier Bay and Freshwater Bay.
This was provided in two steps; the first one was done in 1970 (Publ. Math. de l'IHÉS) by Peter Donovan and Max Karoubi; the second one in 1988 by Jonathan Rosenberg in Continuous- Trace Algebras from the Bundle Theoretic Point of View. In physics, it has been conjectured to classify D-branes, Ramond-Ramond field strengths and in some cases even spinors in type II string theory. For more information on twisted K-theory in string theory, see K-theory (physics).
Press In some later writings in the 1890s, he was less optimistic about the goodness of God, observing that "if our Maker is all- powerful for good or evil, He is not in His right mind". At other times, he conjectured sardonically that perhaps God had created the world with all its tortures for some purpose of His own, but was otherwise indifferent to humanity, which was too petty and insignificant to deserve His attention anyway.Twain, Mark, ed. by Paul Baender. 1973.
Nyuserre's wife, Reputnub, was not buried within the pyramid complex of Nyuserre. Two small pyramids found on the southern margin of the pyramid cluster, designated Lepsius XXIV and Lepsius XXV, are conjectured to belong to his consorts. These structures are very badly damaged, and Verner expects that no exceptional finds will be made during excavations. Remains of Lepsius XXIV, possibly the tomb of Nyuserre's consort The first of these pyramids, Lepsius XXIV, consisted of the pyramid, mortuary temple and small cult pyramid.
It has been conjectured that S. laniarius and S. moornaensis, another now-extinct larger species, may have hunted and scavenged. It is known that there were several genera and species of thylacine millions of years ago, and that they ranged in size, the smaller being more reliant on foraging.Owen and Pemberton, p. 37. As the devil and thylacine are similar, the extinction of the co-existing thylacine species has been cited as evidence for an analogous history for the devils.
The Feminist philosophy refers to a philosophy approached from a feminist perspective. Feminist philosophy involves attempts to use methods of philosophy to further the cause of the feminist movements, it also tries to criticize and/or reevaluate the ideas of traditional philosophy from within a feminist view. This critique stems from the dichotomy Western philosophy has conjectured with the mind and body phenomena. There is no specific school for feminist philosophy like there has been in regard to other theories.
Mayer was introduced to topology by his colleague Vietoris when attending his lectures in 1926 and 1927 at a local university in Vienna. He was told about the conjectured result and a way to its solution, and solved the question for the Betti numbers in 1929. He applied his results to the torus considered as the union of two cylinders. Vietoris later proved the full result for the homology groups in 1930 but did not express it as an exact sequence.
In the Philippines, trade with China started in the 11th century, as documents show, but it is conjectured that undocumented trade may have started even two centuries earlier. Trade pottery excavated in Laguna province, for example, includes pieces dating to the Tang dynasty (AD 618 - 907). The Chinese trader supplied the silk sent to Mexico and Spain in the Manila galleon trade. In return, they took back products of field, forest (such as beeswax, rattan) and sea (such as, beche de mer).
The unique 3-edge-coloring of the generalized Petersen graph G(9,2) A uniquely edge-colorable graph is a k-edge-chromatic graph that has only one possible (proper) k-edge-coloring up to permutation of the colors. The only uniquely 2-edge-colorable graphs are the paths and the cycles. For any k, the stars K1,k are the only uniquely k-edge-colorable graphs. Moreover, conjectured and proved that, when k ≥ 4, they are also the only members in this family.
Zooko Wilcox-O'Hearn conjectured that no single kind of name can achieve more than two. For example: DNSSec offers a decentralized, human-meaningful naming scheme, but is not secure against compromise by the root; .onion addresses and bitcoin addresses are secure and decentralized but not human-meaningful; and I2P uses name translation services which are secure (as they run locally) and provide human-meaningful names - but fail to provide unique entities when used globally in a decentralised network without authorities.
Strabo, in the same section notes that the Greeks confounded the Mysians with the Getae (or Geto-Dacians).Strabo, ' VII.3.3 That the Ctistae described by Strabo might be equivalent to the Polistai among the Dacians mentioned by Josephus in the Antiquities of the Jews Book 18, Chapter 1 paragraph 5 has been noted early on by Scaliger (d. 1609). He conjectured that some of the ascetics lived in groups and lived in buildings, hence the distinction of being called Polistai "City-Dwellers" .
Mandane () was a town on the coast of ancient Cilicia, between Celenderis, and Cape Pisidium or Posidium (modern Kızıl Burun), from which it was only 7 stadia distant.Stadiasmus Maris Magni §§ 174, 175. William Smith conjectured it to be the same place as the Myanda or Mysanda mentioned by Pliny the Elder; and if so, it must also be identical with the town of Myus (Μυούς) mentioned in the Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax between Nagidus and Celenderis. Modern scholarship does not accept the identity.
Patrick Dehornoy (11 September 1952 – 4 September 2019) was a mathematician at the University of Caen who worked on set theory and algebra. He found one of the first applications of large cardinals to algebra by constructing a certain left-invariant total order, called the Dehornoy order, on the braid group. He was one of the main contributors to the development of Garside methods in group theory, leading in particular to a conjectured solution for the word problem of general Artin–Tits groups.
What he wanted had already been outlined by Melchior Cano, in his work De locis theologicis. Pétau's work has been questioned; it may have been inspired, it is said, by a similar treatise of Oregius (Agostino Oreggi, Cardinal), as Zöckler maintains, or by the Confessio catholica of John Gerhard (d. 1627), as conjectured by Eckstein. But the Confessio catholica has a different aim, stated on the first page; there are long historical developments in the sixteen books De Incarnatione Verbi of Pétau.
'All things were in a manner common between them, and what was by either read or observed was forthwith communicated to each other's great advantage.' On his return to England he obtained the post of secretary to Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk. At length he, like his patron, was accused of leze majesty, and committed to the Tower of London, where, to avoid public shame, as has been conjectured, he hanged himself in his cell with his girdle on 10 May 1552.
Supernovae reach their maximum brightness in only 20 days, and then take much longer to fade away. Researchers had initially conjectured that SCP 06F6 might be an extremely remote supernova; relativistic time dilation might have caused a 20-day event to stretch out over a period of 100 days. But this explanation now seems unlikely. Other conjectures that have been advanced involve a collision between a white dwarf and an asteroid, or the collision of a white dwarf with a black hole.
It was already well known, from a geometrical and topological generalization of the classical four-vertex theorem, that a plane curve has at least four extrema of curvature, specifically, at least two local maxima and at least two local minima (see right figure), meaning that a (convex) mono- monostatic object does not exist in two dimensions. Whereas a common anticipation was that a three-dimensional body should also have at least four extrema, Arnold conjectured that this number could be smaller.
It is not known whether any number appears more than eight times, nor whether any number besides 3003 appears that many times. The conjectured finite upper bound could be as small as 8, but Singmaster thought it might be 10 or 12\. Do any numbers appear exactly five or seven times? It would appear from a related entry, in the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, that no one knows whether the equation N(a) = 5 can be solved for a.
Such a proof would require the formalization of what a straightedge and compass could construct. This groundwork was provided by Jean Victor Poncelet in 1822. He also conjectured and suggested a possible proof that a straightedge and rusty compass would be equivalent to a straightedge and compass, and moreover, the rusty compass need only be used once. The result that a straightedge and single circle with given centre is equivalent to a straightedge and compass was proved by Jakob Steiner in 1833.
Even in the absence of close contact between humanity and extraterrestrials, high- information messages from an extraterrestrial civilization to humanity have the potential to cause a great cultural shock. Sociologist Donald Tarter has conjectured that knowledge of extraterrestrial culture and theology has the potential to compromise human allegiance to existing organizational structures and institutions. The cultural shock of meeting an extraterrestrial civilization may be spread over decades or even centuries if an extraterrestrial message to humanity is extremely difficult to decipher.
Public awareness of prison rape is relatively recent and estimates of its prevalence vary widely. In 1974 Carl Weiss and David James Friar wrote that 46 million Americans would one day be incarcerated; of that number, they claimed, 10 million would be raped. A 1992 estimate from the Federal Bureau of Prisons conjectured that between 9 and 20 percent of inmates had been sexually assaulted. Studies in 1982 and 1996 both concluded that the rate was somewhere between 12 and 14 percent.
Guérison Complète, but his analysis was limited to her situation being an unclear case of hibernation. It was later revealed that Olsson did wake up occasionally and, when she did, she reacted with sorrow and anger. Frödeström speculated that Olsson thought that she was seriously ill, and that she remained still with her eyes closed and refused to eat to elicit sympathy. It has been conjectured that her mother had helped her and kept the fact secret that she was no longer hibernating.
To have had anything to do with the endeavour of such a work > makes me very proud. Perhaps I have leavened you and my barm may stir in > your young and vigorous veins. All right but, however that may be, I have > got what I longed for, and, ever since I came to the island, conjectured a > new Manx writer honestly suckled at a Manx breast. You will be faithful to > us, and continue, and expand, and heighten the tradition, the sacred > deposit. . . .
Retrieved 31 August 2013. During the Spanish civil war, the cathedral was used as a military garage. As a result, many of its treasures were stolen or destroyed. The architectural style of the Perdón doorway is in Gothic with Romanesque features while the Renaissance style is seen in the southern doorway; Perdón doorway is conjectured to belong to the reign of Alfonso X. The tower built in the 19th century is in stone masonry and it is in four tiers.
Catalogue Raisonné: 671/1-3) were based on press photos made after the arrest of Gudrun Ensslin in the summer of 1972. Richter heavily cropped the image to the upper body of the prisoners, the situation can only be conjectured from the shadow cast on the wall. Die geringste Verwischung zeigt das Jugendbildnis (67 × 62 cm, Werkverzeichnis: 672-1), das die junge Ulrike Meinhof darstellt. Die Vorlage zu dem Bild ist vermutlich 1970 entstanden, Meinhof wirkt auf dem Gemälde aber deutlich jünger.
Weil conjectured that such zeta-functions for smooth varieties should be rational functions, should satisfy a form of functional equation, and should have their zeroes in restricted places. The last two parts were quite consciously modeled on the Riemann zeta function, a kind of generating function for prime integers, which obeys a functional equation and (conjecturally) has its zeroes restricted by the Riemann hypothesis. The rationality was proved by , the functional equation by , and the analogue of the Riemann hypothesis by .
As of 1910, these comprised the emet of Aldai on the west and the, by then annexed, emet of Soiin on the east. It was conjectured that the first pororiosiek were Kakipoch in Aldai and Tuken in Soiin. It is notable that Sirikwa holes (known to the Nandi as mukowanisiek) were almost non-existent in the areas first settled, being only present on the Nandi escarpment itself. They were however found in great numbers in the northern regions of Nandi.
At in width, the most narrow point of Christmas Island is a line drawn north-south through Murray Hill. The entire island including Murray Hill has been formed out of submarine mountain formations. It is conjectured to be an ancient atoll, with lime formation dominating the terrain, with phosphates of alumina and iron recorded on the hills. The entire island is geologically identified as an isolated limestone-capped volcanic island with hill formations rising to a height of above the sea floor.
"There are relatively few recorded instances of death sentences actually being carried out against Roman citizens during the Republican period," notes Kelly, History of Exile, p. 1 online. It has been conjectured that the military efforts of Atilius in Illyria were on behalf of either Aemilius Lepidus, who along with Marcus Brutus (consul 77 BC) attempted to resist the senatorial oligarchy,Ronald Syme, "Rome and the Balkans, 80 BC–AD 14," in The Provincial at Rome (University of Exeter Press, 1999), p. 168 online.
Exotic baryons are a type of hadron (bound states of quarks and gluons) with half-integer spin, but have a quark content different from the three quarks (qqq) present in conventional baryons. An example would be pentaquarks, consisting of four quarks and one antiquark (qqqqq̅). So far, the only observed exotic baryons are the pentaquarks and , discovered in 2015 by the LHCb collaboration. Several types of exotic baryons that require physics beyond the Standard Model have been conjectured in order to explain specific experimental anomalies.
Also see notes by George Menachery in the St. Thomas Christian Encyclopaedia of India, Vol. 2 (1973) The most likely location on the coast of Kerala conjectured to be Ophir is Poovar in Thiruvananthapuram District (though some Indian scholars also suggest Beypore as possible location). Earlier in the 19th century Max Müller and other scholars identified Ophir with Abhira, near the Indus River in modern-day state of Gujarat, India. According to Benjamin Walker Ophir is said to have been a town of the Abhira tribe.
The researchers conjectured that this externalizing outcome might be indicative of natural experimentation rather than unchecked abuse of drugs (which might indeed be associated with peer rejection). The results of this study support the idea that both social withdrawal and aggression lead to maladaptations later in adolescence, and that these difficulties are different for each type. In particular, the association between withdrawal and negative internalizing behavior was confirmed. In fact, Hymel, Rubin, Rowden, and LeMare,Hymel, S., Rubin, K.H., Rowden, L., & LeMare, L. (1990).
Menger conjectured that in ZFC every Menger metric space is σ-compact. Fremlin and Miller proved that Menger's conjecture is false, by showing that there is, in ZFC, a set of real numbers that is Menger but not σ-compact. The Fremlin- Miller proof was dichotomic, and the set witnessing the failure of the conjecture heavily depends on whether a certain (undecidable) axiom holds or not. Bartoszyński and Tsaban gave a uniform ZFC example of a Menger subset of the real line that is not σ-compact.
He was born in Neuhausen, and was educated in Heidelberg. The Protestant Cellarius may have left Heidelberg at the onset of the Thirty Years' War in 1618 or in 1622, when the city came in Catholic hands. His activities are unclear at this time but based on his later works it is conjectured that he spent time in Poland where he may have worked as a military engineer. In 1625, he married Catharina Eltemans in Amsterdam, where he worked as school master of a Latin school.
The diffusion of plasma across a magnetic field was conjectured to follow the Bohm diffusion scaling as indicated from the early plasma experiments of very lossy machines. This predicted that the rate of diffusion was linear with temperature and inversely linear with the strength of the confining magnetic field. The rate predicted by Bohm diffusion is much higher than the rate predicted by classical diffusion, which develops from a random walk within the plasma. The classical model scaled inversely with the square of the magnetic field.
The film lasts four minutes. It was directed by Catalan ship owner Félix Oliver, who had purchased a camera, a projector and rolls of film in Europe. Most experts believe that "Carrerra" was filmed in 1898, but Juan Pablo Lepra has conjectured that the film was shot between October 1901 and the beginning of 1903, due to several sources that mention the velodrome was operational between these dates. The film forms part of a ten-film body of work by Oliver, the first films produced in Uruguay.
The Virasoro algebra is the universal central extension of the Witt algebra. Central extensions are needed in physics, because the symmetry group of a quantized system usually is a central extension of the classical symmetry group, and in the same way the corresponding symmetry Lie algebra of the quantum system is, in general, a central extension of the classical symmetry algebra. Kac–Moody algebras have been conjectured to be symmetry groups of a unified superstring theory. The Beacon of Kac–Moody Symmetry for Physics.
Random instances undergo a sharp phase transition from solvable to unsolvable instances as the ratio of constraints to variables increases past 1, a phenomenon conjectured but unproven for more complicated forms of the satisfiability problem. A computationally difficult variation of 2-satisfiability, finding a truth assignment that maximizes the number of satisfied constraints, has an approximation algorithm whose optimality depends on the unique games conjecture, and another difficult variation, finding a satisfying assignment minimizing the number of true variables, is an important test case for parameterized complexity.
The proof of the strong perfect graph theorem by Chudnovsky et al. follows an outline conjectured in 2001 by Conforti, Cornuéjols, Robertson, Seymour, and Thomas, according to which every Berge graph either forms one of five types of basic building block (special classes of perfect graphs) or it has one of four different types of structural decomposition into simpler graphs. A minimally imperfect Berge graph cannot have any of these decompositions, from which it follows that no counterexample to the theorem can exist., Conjecture 5.1.
A skew partition is a partition of a graph's vertices into two subsets, one of which induces a disconnected subgraph and the other of which has a disconnected complement; had conjectured that no minimal counterexample to the strong perfect graph conjecture could have a skew partition. Chudnovsky et al. introduced some technical constraints on skew partitions, and were able to show that Chvátal's conjecture is true for the resulting "balanced skew partitions". The full conjecture is a corollary of the strong perfect graph theorem.
There is no explicit evidence that Sri Kesari founded the Warmadewa dynasty, only that he is the earliest known member of it. Only the part Śri Kesarī Warma- of this name is clearly visible on the stone, but it is conjectured that the final element -dewa was written there but is now illegible. The dynasty prospered for several generations. The final ruler to use the title Warmadewa was the famous king Udayana Warmadewa, in the Abang Pura Batur A inscription dated 6 April 1011.
The kinetic energy from this impact probably generated earthquakes registering 13 on the Richter scale. The results of this impact caused the worldwide extinction of many species (including dinosaurs). The Sudbury Impact would have also had global ramifications; it is conjectured that this caused the end of the banded-iron deposits. The results of the impact fundamentally affected concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the sea; the accumulation of marine sediments (the banded-iron formations) were almost instantaneously shut down and banded-iron formation buildups suddenly ended about .
The first 100,000 elements of the sequence an = ln(n) − n/π(n) (red line) appear to converge to a value around 1.08366 (blue line). Later elements up to 10,000,000 of the same sequence an = ln(n) − n/π(n) (red line) appear to be consistently less than 1.08366 (blue line). Legendre's constant is a mathematical constant occurring in a formula conjectured by Adrien-Marie Legendre to capture the asymptotic behavior of the prime-counting function \pi(x). Its value is now known to be exactly 1\.
People then abandoned Ujarrás between the latter years of the 18th century and the early years of the 19th and established the township of Paraíso near the Llanos de Santa Lucía. They expected that the new township would be more suitable in terms of the health and comfort of its residents. However, moving to a new location did not improve the health conditions or the demography or educational standards of the town's people. It has been conjectured that economic rather than health dictated the move.
She was intended to wear thigh-length boots, but was not able to find a pair to correspond with her height. Instead, her stylist sewed black fabric to strap onto black high heels to give the illusion of thigh-length boots. The video's plot was conjectured to involve rampaging and seeking revenge on her ex-boyfriend. Swift chose football player Justin Sandy to portray her ex- boyfriend in the video, believing he had a classic and suspiciously perfect demeanor; she described him as "real life Ken".
Rusudan was initially betrothed to the young prince Bagrat, whom his father, King George XI of Kartli, had to surrender as a hostage to Shah Suleiman I in Iran, where Bagrat died c. 1692. Rusudan was not returned to her father and instead remained in Georgia. This should have offended the Circassians, prompting, as Brosset conjectured, Kilchiko to respond vigorously to the shamkhal of Tarki's call to seize George XI's brother Archil and his entourage on their way to Russia. Archil was taken captive, but soon escaped.
It is conjectured that Hugh died soon after the election of Waterville.King, DNB: Hugh Candidus, gives the date of Hugh's death as "c.1160". It is sometimes thought that Hugh also wrote the concluding portions of the Peterborough Chronicle, a local version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which, like his history, comes abruptly to an end with Abbot William of Waterville's election. This has been rejected on the basis that, according to one writer, Hugh failed to understand the English of the Chronicle fully.
In keeping with Hindu tradition of temple architecture, the outer walls of the temple complex are adorned with statues Ashta-Dikpalas like, Indra, Agni, Vayu, Varun & Ishan in the cardinal directions. The idols of Hindu gods and goddesses such as Shiva, Parvati, Vishnu, Ganesha and Kartikeya have been unearthed and most of them are now displayed in the museum (spread over an area of ) here. From these findings, the Archaeological Department has conjectured that the main deity at the temple may have been of Lord Shiva.
Leidelmeijer further conjectured that the Art Deco influence continued well into the 1970s. During the transition years, the Pitamaha Artist Guild was the prime mover not only for Balinese paintings, but also for the development of modern Balinese wood carvings. I Tagelan (1902-1935) produced an elongated carving of a Balinese woman from a long piece of wood that was given by Walter Spies, who originally requested him to produce two statues. This carving is in the collection of the Puri Lukisan Museum in Ubud.
"The market for single-family homes in the Boston area," New England Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue May, pages 38-48. In that paper Professor Case constructed a crude “repeat sales” index to isolate appreciation from mix effects in measuring changes in house values. The model presented in that paper showed that fundamentals explained only a small part of home price movements in the Northeast between 1979 and 1985. The paper conjectured that the region had experienced a home price bubble.
At eleven years old he attended the course of the École Polytechnique as an auditor (open courses). From age eleven to seventeen, he obtained two bachelor's degrees, a license and a PhD with a thesis on the mathematical theory of electricity and is admitted first to the 1839 entrance examination of the École Polytechnique. He conjectured, in 1845, that there is at least one prime between n and 2n − 2 for every n > 3\. Chebyshev proved this conjecture, now called Bertrand's postulate, in 1850.
Since the radical for bamboo appears in each of these characters, it may be conjectured that wood was not as yet used. During the time period in which tansu gradually became a feature of Japanese culture and daily life, 1657–1923, both hard and softwoods were used by tansuyas (tansu craftsmen), often in practical combination for a single chest. Woods commonly used in tansu included keyaki (elm), kuri (chestnut), ezo matsu (pine), sugi (cedar), kiri (paulownia) and hinoki (cypress). Many collectors focus on finding genuine antique tansu.
It is an open problem whether there are infinitely large clubs of mutually "friendly" numbers. The perfect numbers form a club, and it is conjectured that there are infinitely many perfect numbers (at least as many as there are Mersenne primes), but no proof is known. , 51 perfect numbers are known, the largest of which has more than 49 million digits in decimal notation. There are clubs with more known members: in particular, those formed by multiply perfect numbers, which are numbers whose "abundancy" is an integer.
Hipparchus is only conjectured to have ranked the apparent magnitudes of stars on a numerical scale from 1, the brightest, to 6, the faintest. Quote by Toomer, not Ptolemy. Nevertheless, this system certainly precedes Ptolemy, who used it extensively about 150. This system was made more precise and extended by N. R. Pogson in 1856, who placed the magnitudes on a logarithmic scale, making magnitude 1 stars 100 times brighter than magnitude 6 stars, thus each magnitude is or 2.512 times brighter than the next faintest magnitude.
Model of the Peano surface in the Dresden collection In mathematics, the Peano surface is the graph of the two-variable function :f(x,y)=(2x^2-y)(y-x^2). It was proposed by Giuseppe Peano in 1899 as a counterexample to a conjectured criterion for the existence of maxima and minima of functions of two variables. The surface was named the Peano surface () by Georg Scheffers in his 1920 book Lehrbuch der darstellenden Geometrie. It has also been called the Peano saddle.
In physical cosmology, cosmic inflation, cosmological inflation, or just inflation, is a theory of exponential expansion of space in the early universe. The inflationary epoch lasted from 10−36 seconds after the conjectured Big Bang singularity to some time between 10−33 and 10−32 seconds after the singularity. Following the inflationary period, the universe continued to expand, but at a slower rate. The acceleration of this expansion due to dark energy began after the universe was already over 9 billion years old (~4 billion years ago).
The story introduces Gilgamesh, king of Uruk. Gilgamesh, two-thirds god and one-third man, is oppressing his people, who cry out to the gods for help. For the young women of Uruk this oppression takes the form of a droit du seigneur, or "lord's right", to sleep with brides on their wedding night. For the young men (the tablet is damaged at this point) it is conjectured that Gilgamesh exhausts them through games, tests of strength, or perhaps forced labour on building projects.
Pan Hla 2005: 16 They were of Shan and/or Mon background.They had Mon language names. Though none of the major chronicles—the Razadarit Ayedawbon and the Pak Lat Chronicles—says anything about their ethnicity, British colonial scholarship (See: Phayre 1967: 65, Harvey 1925: 110) conjectured that they were ethnic Shans. Later scholars appear to hedge: per (Htin Aung 1967: 78), they were likely of both Mon and Shan backgrounds, while (Aung-Thwin and Aung-Thwin 2012: 118) says they were of either Mon or Shan background.
In chemistry, a reaction mechanism is the step by step sequence of elementary reactions by which overall chemical change occurs. A chemical mechanism is a theoretical conjecture that tries to describe in detail what takes place at each stage of an overall chemical reaction. The detailed steps of a reaction are not observable in most cases. The conjectured mechanism is chosen because it is thermodynamically feasible, and has experimental support in isolated intermediates (see next section) or other quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the reaction.
The film is based on extensive research of Moskoff to discover the location of the Ark of the Covenant. He is convinced that the Ark is buried underneath the Temple Mount in Jerusalem but is not under the Dome of the Rock, as is commonly conjectured. Moskoff also discounts other hypotheses that suggest that the Ark is in the Vatican or Ethiopia. Moskoff's thesis is following that of the 12th century Jewish codifier, Maimonides and substantiated by the British engineer and archaeologist, Sir Charles Warren, amongst others.
Later Voevodsky proved the general Bloch–Kato conjecture.Voevodsky (2010) The starting point for the proof is a series of conjectures due to and . They conjectured the existence of motivic complexes, complexes of sheaves whose cohomology was related to motivic cohomology. Among the conjectural properties of these complexes were three properties: one connecting their Zariski cohomology to Milnor's K-theory, one connecting their etale cohomology to cohomology with coefficients in the sheaves of roots of unity and one connecting their Zariski cohomology to their etale cohomology.
The earliest mention of gim is recorded in the Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms. (1280s) The book contains passages that say the Silla dynasty would use gim for part of their dowries. It is conjectured that the gim of this period was harvested from rocks and driftwood rather than being cultivated. Production of gim in Jeolla and Gyeongsang Provinces is reported in books from 15–16th century, including Revised and Augmented Survey of the Geography of Korea (1530) and Geography of Gyeongsang Province (1425).
Cross-section of the human penis Penile fracture is a relatively uncommon clinical condition. Vaginal intercourse and aggressive masturbation are the most common causes. A 2014 study of accident and emergency records at three hospitals in Campinas, Brazil, showed that woman on top positions caused the greatest risk with the missionary position being the safest. The research conjectured that when the receptive partner is on top, they usually control the movement and are not able to interrupt movement when the penis suffers a misaligned penetration.
Perchlorate was detected in martian soil at the level of ~0.6% by weight. It is conjectured to exist as a mixture of 60% Ca(ClO4)2 and 40% Mg(ClO4)2. These salts, formed from perchlorates, act as antifreeze and substantially lower the freezing point of water. Based on the temperature and pressure conditions on present-day Mars at the Phoenix lander site, conditions would allow a perchlorate salt solution to be stable in liquid form for a few hours each day during the summer.
In 1918, David Hilbert wrote about the difficulty in assigning an energy to a "field" and "the failure of the energy theorem" in a correspondence with Klein. In this letter, Hilbert conjectured that this failure is a characteristic feature of the general theory, and that instead of "proper energy theorems" one had 'improper energy theorems'. This conjecture was soon proved to be correct by one of Hilbert's close associates, Emmy Noether. Noether's theorem applies to any system which can be described by an action principle.
An IMF study noted a potential for skills to be transferred back to developing countries as wages in those a countries rise. Lastly, the dissemination of knowledge has been an integral aspect of globalization. Technological innovations (or technological transfer) are conjectured to benefit most developing and least developing countries (LDCs), as for example in the adoption of mobile phones. There has been a rapid economic growth in Asia after embracing market orientation-based economic policies that encourage private property rights, free enterprise and competition.
475 Rowan stated that: "The tower and spire with crenelations and diagonal buttresses is one of the most attractive in the county".Rowan, Alistair, The Buildings of Ireland: North West Ulster, p.301 Further alterations were made later in the 19th Century on behalf of 3rd Earl of Enniskillen, including new windows in the chancel and east transept with "more orthodox sandstone Decorated tracery". Rowan conjectured that an "adventurous timber-traceried" window in the west transept may have been the altar window of the original design.
Current headquarters of the Monacan Indian Nation in Amherst, Virginia After Peter Wynne's expedition of 1608, the Monacan are one of the groups who have been conjectured to be "Welsh Indians". Historians have found no evidence for that and treat it as myth. The Monacan language was part of the Siouan language family. In 1831–1833, William Johns, an ancestor of some of today's Monacan, purchased of land on Bear Mountain for a settlement of families related to him. In 1850, the census recorded 29 families there.
However, he did not generalize or elaborate on this. In 1767, he conjectured that the force between charges varied as the inverse square of the distance. Coulomb's torsion balance In 1769, Scottish physicist John Robison announced that, according to his measurements, the force of repulsion between two spheres with charges of the same sign varied as . In the early 1770s, the dependence of the force between charged bodies upon both distance and charge had already been discovered, but not published, by Henry Cavendish of England.
In 1612, the German astronomer Simon Marius gave an early description of the Andromeda Galaxy based on telescopic observations. Pierre Louis Maupertuis conjectured in 1745 that the blurry spot was an island universe.Kant, Immanuel, Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heavens (1755) In 1764, Charles Messier cataloged Andromeda as object M31 and incorrectly credited Marius as the discoverer despite it being visible to the naked eye. In 1785, the astronomer William Herschel noted a faint reddish hue in the core region of Andromeda.
The Petersen graph O3 is a well known non- Hamiltonian graph, but all odd graphs On for n ≥ 4 are known to have a Hamiltonian cycle. As the odd graphs are vertex-transitive, they are thus one of the special cases for which a positive answer to Lovász' conjecture is known. Biggs conjectured more generally that the edges of On can be partitioned into \lfloor n/2\rfloor edge-disjoint Hamiltonian cycles. When n is odd, the leftover edges must then form a perfect matching.
All North American Drosera species except for D. anglica have a chromosome count of 2n=20. In 1955, Wood noted that D. anglica had a chromosome count of 2n=40, and hypothesized that it was of hybrid amphidiploid origin. Since the leaf morphology of D. anglica is an intermediary between that of D. rotundifolia and D. linearis and the two occur sympatrically in several locations, Wood conjectured that D. anglica likely originated from a hybrid between these two. All North American Drosera species produce sterile hybrids.
Lucius Cassius Dio Cocceianus, Roman History, liii. 25, liv. 5. There is a coin in which Titus Carisius is identified as triumvir monetalis, and another which mentions Publius Carisius, as legatus and propraetor, together with the word Emerita, apparently referring to the town of Augusta Emerita in Lusitania, which the emperor Augustus established for the emeriti, veterans of the war in Hispania. From this it has been conjectured that the praenomen Titus, assigned to the conqueror of the Astures by Cassius Dio, should instead be Publius.
The statues on the island invariably faced the village as a protective mana, but in the case of the Ahu Akivi statues they face towards the sea. There is a legend narrated for this positioning of the seven statues. It is conjectured that the Rapanui people did it to propitiate the sea to help the navigators. However, according to an oral tradition, Hotu Matu’s priest had a dream in which the King's soul flew across the ocean when the Rapa Nui island was seen by him.
The chamber tumuli predate the ancient Egyptian pyramids, dating back to circa 6000-3000 B.C., depending on place of construction. Before the large farming reforms of the 19th century there were supposed to have been at least 10,000 of the older megaliths in Denmark. The more sophisticated later version does not appear in Denmark. The practice of building these monuments is conjectured to have originated in Ireland or on the Atlantic coast of France where the oldest and largest versions of the monuments has been risen.
In the past some historians (such as Zhylenko and Kostomarov) have conjectured that Bolesław decided to rule Kievan lands himself, though Bolesław had no power base there and no Rurikid blood. Bolesław's main motivation, according to the interpretations of modern historians, was to regain the Cherven Towns for his patrimony, while at the same time aiding his kinsman, to whom he had an obligation.Franklin & Shepard, Emergence of Rus, 199, 253. The expedition also furnished an occasion to enrich his followers from Kiev's famous wealth.
A former upper bound of O(Cr(C))3/2 has been shown using Hamiltonian cycles in graphs embedded in a cubic integer lattice.. The current best near-linear upper bound was established with a divide-and-conquer argument to show that minimum projections of knots can be embedded as planar graphs in the cubic lattice.. However, no one has yet observed a knot family with super-linear length dependence L(C) > O(Cr(CK)) and it is conjectured that the upper bound is in fact linear..
As a partial converse, proved that, whenever a family of graphs has a decidable MSO2 satisfiability problem, the family must have bounded treewidth. The proof is based on a theorem of Robertson and Seymour that the families of graphs with unbounded treewidth have arbitrarily large grid minors. Seese also conjectured that every family of graphs with a decidable MSO1 satisfiability problem must have bounded clique-width; this has not been proven, but a weakening of the conjecture that extends MSO1 with modular counting predicates is true.
Catholic Church in the United States, T.W. Strong, 1856 after the capture of the city, he remained with the army at Monterrey and learned Spanish in order to preach to the rancheros of the neighbourhood. Against the advice of the U.S. officers, he set out for Matamoros, preaching to a congregation of Americans and Mexicans at Ceralvo. It is conjectured that he was killed by a band under the leader Antonio Canales Rosillo, as his body was discovered, pierced with lances, a few days later.
It is the smallest possible snark, and was the only known snark from 1898 until 1946. The snark theorem, a result conjectured by W. T. Tutte and announced in 2001 by Robertson, Sanders, Seymour, and Thomas, states that every snark has the Petersen graph as a minor. Additionally, the graph has fractional chromatic index 3, proving that the difference between the chromatic index and fractional chromatic index can be as large as 1. The long-standing Goldberg- Seymour Conjecture proposes that this is the largest gap possible.
The "anabelian question" has been formulated as A concrete example is the case of curves, which may be affine as well as projective. Suppose given a hyperbolic curve C, i.e. the complement of n points in a projective algebraic curve of genus g, taken to be smooth and irreducible, defined over a field K that is finitely generated (over its prime field), such that :2 - 2g - n < 0. Grothendieck conjectured that the algebraic fundamental group G of C, a profinite group, determines C itself (i.e.
Based on the tables by Anton Felkel and Jurij Vega, Adrien- Marie Legendre conjectured in 1797 or 1798 that is approximated by the function , where and are unspecified constants. In the second edition of his book on number theory (1808) he then made a more precise conjecture, with and . Carl Friedrich Gauss considered the same question at age 15 or 16 "in the year 1792 or 1793", according to his own recollection in 1849.C. F. Gauss. Werke, Bd 2, 1st ed, 444–447.
Gallery East’s logo since 1979 has been a pointing index finger. Because of the Gallery’s sometimes association with Dada and the prevalent use of the pointing index finger by Dada artists, some have conjectured that the Gallery East logo was lifted, thereby identifying it with that particular anti-art movement. However, it was a pure coincidence. The deco-style pointing index finger was from a shipping label used on freight boxes and was found in a desk when the gallery moved into the 24 East Street location.
302–307 It is conjectured that he was later the consular Legatus Augusti pro praetore (or imperial governor) of Galatia in around AD 2, where he hosted Gaius Caesar during his stay in the east. He died in that year, while still governor of Galatia.Syme, pp. 61, 397 Marcius Censorinus was a patron of the city of Miletus, and in the city of Mylasa he was given the title of "saviour and founder", and games called the Censorineia were held annually in his honour.
This is a conjectured resolution to the AMPS firewall paradox. Whether or not there is a firewall depends upon what is thrown into the other distant black hole. However, as the firewall lies inside the event horizon, no external superluminal signalling would be possible. This conjecture is an extrapolation of the observation by Mark Van Raamsdonk that a maximally extended AdS-Schwarzschild black hole, which is a non-traversable wormhole, is dual to a pair of maximally entangled thermal conformal field theories via the AdS/CFT correspondence.
Hliněný credits this to Fellows and writes that its proof is nontrivial. In 1988, independently of Negami, Fellows conjectured that the graphs with planar emulators are exactly the graphs that can be embedded into the projective plane., Conjecture 14, p. 9 The conjecture is true for regular emulators, coming from automomorphisms of the underlying covering graph, by a result analogous to the result of for regular planar covers.. However, several of the 32 connected forbidden minors for projective-planar graphs turn out to have planar emulators.
If the problem of the quadrature of the circle could be solved using only compass and straightedge, then would have to be an algebraic number. Johann Heinrich Lambert conjectured that was not algebraic, that is, a transcendental number, in 1761. He did this in the same paper in which he proved its irrationality, even before the general existence of transcendental numbers had been proven. It was not until 1882 that Ferdinand von Lindemann proved the transcendence of and so showed the impossibility of this construction.
Similarly Charles the Bald, King of West Francia and Roman Emperor, was buried at Saint- Denis in a porphyry tub which may be the same one known as "Dagobert's tub" (cuve de Dagobert), now in the Louvre. The tomb of Peter III of Aragon, in the Monastery of Santes Creus near Tarragona, reuses a porphyry tub or alveus, which has been conjectured to be originally the sarcophagus of Late Roman Emperor Constans in his mausoleum at Centcelles, a nearby site with a well- preserved 4th-century rotunda.
Robert's conjectured siblings were Emma – wife of Alan de Percy,Keats-Rohan Domesday People pp. 210–211 Hugh de Montfort-sur-Risle, Gilbert de Gant – who died before his father, and Walter de Gant. If Robert was a son of Gilbert, he was a younger son, probably the youngest of the four brothers, and probably was born sometime around 1085, as his supposed parents married about 1075 and there were older siblings. Robert is often confused in the historical records with another Robert, son of Walter.
Early Mars would have required a warmer climate and denser atmosphere to allow liquid water to exist at the surface. In addition, the large number of valley networks strongly supports the possibility of a hydrological cycle on the planet in the past. The existence of a primordial Martian ocean remains controversial among scientists, and the interpretations of some features as 'ancient shorelines' has been challenged. One problem with the conjectured 2-billion-year-old (2 Ga) shoreline is that it is not flat—i.e.
His preoccupation with typography, and his resulting mistrust of samizdat typists, may account for the fact that he typed all his manuscripts himself. It has also been conjectured that his frank descriptions of gay life so offended the typists' sensibilities that they refused to copy his manuscripts. Above all, Kharitonov is recognized as a founder of modern Russian gay literature, and arguably the most important gay Russian writer since Mikhail Kuzmin. His work is inseparable from his sexuality, its legal and cultural prohibition, and its psychological dimension.
Marine species Holacanthus ciliaris seen during Scuba diving Deep water corals seen, at depths below wave action in the lagoon, grow in the limited light that penetrates into the sea. The species variety has been conjectured as Agaricia lamarcki and Agaricia grahamae. These are seen in the form of thin plates stacked one above the other but are fragile. Toucan Divers of the resort arrange a special diving near the Town Pier, which is a shallow dive site with colourful and varied marine life.
The earliest discovery of the superposition method was made by the Indian mathematician Narayana in the 14th century. The same method was later re-discovered and studied in early 18th century Europe by de la Loubere, Poignard, de La Hire, and Sauveur; and the method is usually referred to as de la Hire's method. Although Euler's work on magic square was unoriginal, he famously conjectured the impossibility of constructing the evenly odd ordered mutually orthogonal Graeco-Latin squares. This conjecture was disproved in the mid 20th century.
Laver's theorem, in order theory, states that order embedding of countable total orders is a well-quasi-ordering. That is, for every infinite sequence of totally-ordered countable sets, there exists an order embedding from an earlier member of the sequence to a later member. This result was previously known as Fraïssé's conjecture, after Roland Fraïssé, who conjectured it in 1948; Richard Laver proved the conjecture in 1971. More generally, Laver proved the same result for order embeddings of countable unions of scattered orders.
The decline of Buddhism in India did not set in until the Gupta dynasty. Archeological remains of stupas have been found in Deorkothar that suggest deliberate destruction, conjectured to be one mentioned in Divyavadana about Pushyamitra. However, it is unclear whether the stupas were destroyed in ancient India or a much later period, and the existence of religious violence between Hinduism and Buddhism in ancient India has been disputed.Akira Hirakawa, Paul Groner, A History of Indian Buddhism: From Sakyamuni to Early Mahayan, Motilal Banarsidass Publ.
Thorir Hund dressed in a reindeer-hide tunic kills King Olaf at the Battle of Stiklestad Quilted cloth (a gambeson) is conjectured as possible options or lower-status Viking warriors, though no reference to such are known from the sagas. Such materials survive poorly in graves, and no archaeological finds have been made. Some runestones depict what appears to be armour which is likely not chain mail. The armour in question may have been the lamellar armour mentioned above, or may not have been armour at all.
It is estimated that the date and time of the explosions were selected for causing maximum damage. The CBSE and ISC Examinations (India's school leaving examinations) were in progress and therefore there were many students and worshippers at the temple when the bombs exploded during the Aarti ceremony. Tuesday was also a holy day of the deity at the temple. It is further conjectured that the bomb at the railway station was orchestrated to coincide with the throng of passengers waiting for Shiv Ganga express.
Anthony Wood says the uncle gave large benefactions to the convent, which was a double one for nuns; and monks. The nephew is conjectured to have entered about 1507, at which time he composed his first devotional treatise by request of the abbess for the use of the nuns. The rest of his life was spent in the composition and compilation of similar works, which had a vogue beyond the convent walls. In 1530, Whitford produced a translation of "The Imitation of Christ" by Thomas à Kempis.
By the 1920s sufficient archaeological material had been excavated and studied to suggest that diffusionism was not the only mechanism through which change occurred. Influenced by the political upheaval of the inter-war period Childe then argued that revolutions had wrought major changes in past societies. He conjectured a Neolithic Revolution, which inspired people to settle and farm rather than hunt nomadically. This would have led to considerable changes in social organisation, which Childe argued led to a second Urban Revolution that created the first cities.
Dobson and Taylor (1997), p. 44. The plays are complex in plot and form, the story of Robin Hood appearing as a play-within-a-play presented at the court of Henry VIII and written by the poet, priest and courtier John Skelton. Skelton himself is presented in the play as acting the part of Friar Tuck. Some scholars have conjectured that Skelton may have indeed written a lost Robin Hood play for Henry VIII's court, and that this play may have been one of Munday's sources.
173-182, first conjectured the similarity, later study of Stoa of Attalos confirmed the resemblance of the architectural elements and suggests they might have had the same architect. Although the stoae have different functions. Travlos, p.523 As a careful study of the fragmentary remains of the capitals and cornice showed that the building was for the most part made of a kind of island marble from which most of the buildings in Pergamon were built, while it is not found in other Athens buildings.
By the isoperimetric inequality, the curve of constant width in the Euclidean plane with the largest area is a circle. The perimeter of a curve of constant width w is \pi w, regardless of its shape; this is Barbier's theorem. It is unknown which surfaces of constant width in three- dimensional space have the minimum volume. Bonnesen and Fenchel conjectured in 1934 that the minimizers are the two Meissner bodies obtained by rounding some of the edges of a Reuleaux tetrahedron, but this remains unproven.
The temple, located in Pinjore, is dated from archaeological excavations as an ancient historical and religious place. Archaeological excavations have revealed that this region, extending from Pinjore to Nalagarh, establishes earliest habitation by man to 1.5 million years ago. This is based on tools of Paleolithic period found in quartzite formations in the region. Also, from the rock edicts found from the temple ruins in the area during excavations, it has been conjectured that they were constructed during the reign of Raja Ram Dev.
The Melas is the Manavgat River, east of Side. But there could have been no city between Side and the Melas, and it is conjectured that in Strabo's text, the coast ("Paralia") of the Cibyratae should come after the Melas. The vestiges of Cibyra are probably those observed by Captain Beaufort upon a height which rises from the right bank of a considerable river about to the eastward of the Melas, about to the west of Cape Karáburun, and nearly from the shore.Leake, Asia Minor, p. 196.
Vajjada II was Shilahara ruler of north Konkan branch from 1010 CE – 1015 CE. Aparajita was succeeded by his son Vajjada II, about whom only conventional praise is given in the records of his successors. An inscription from Hangal, however, tells us that Kundaladevi, the queen of the Kadamba king Chhattadeva (Shashthadeva II) (1005 CE - 1055 CE) was the daughter of the king Vachavya of Thani, i.e., Thane. As Dr. Altekar conjectured this king of Thane was probably the Shilahara king Vajjada II.(Dept.
In 1980, Yau conjectured that on a smooth closed Riemannian manifold, the size of the zero set of eigenfunctions of the Laplacian would grow at a price rate in accordance with the size of the eigenvalue. Following a number of partial results, the conjecture was resolved in 2018 by Alexander Logunov and Eugenia Malinnikova, who were awarded the Clay research award in part for their work.Donnelly, Harold; Fefferman, Charles Nodal sets of eigenfunctions on Riemannian manifolds. Invent. Math. 93 (1988), no. 1, 161–183.
There are 54 excerpts in the Pandects from the 40 books of the Digesta of Alfenus; but it is conjectured that Alfenus may have acted only as the editor of the work of Servius. It appears from the fragments of Alfenus that he was acquainted with the Greek language, and these fragments show that he wrote in a pure and perspicuous style. A passage that appears in the Pandects shows that he was not a stranger to the speculations of the philosophers.Pandects 5. tit. 1. s.
Large bones attributed to S. moornaensis have been found in New South Wales, and it has been conjectured that these two extinct larger species may have hunted and scavenged. It is known that there were several genera of thylacine millions of years ago, and that they ranged in size, the smaller being more reliant on foraging.Owen and Pemberton, p. 37. As the devil and thylacine are similar, the extinction of the co-existing thylacine genera has been cited as evidence for an analogous history for the devils.
Pritchard, Ancient Near Eastern Texts, p. 306b. It has been conjectured that this was Cyrus’s first wife, which lends credibility to the Cyropaedia’s statement (8.5.19) that Cyaxares II gave his daughter in marriage to Cyrus soon (but not immediately) after the fall of the city, with the kingdom of Media as her dowry. When Cyaxares died about two years later the Median kingdom passed peaceably to Cyrus, so that this would be the true beginning of the Medo-Persian Empire under just one monarch.
It has been conjectured that the woman depicted was Godoy's young mistress Pepita Tudó. It has also been suggested that the woman was María del Pilar Teresa Cayetana de Silva y Álvarez de Toledo, 13th Duchess of Alba, with whom Goya is rumored to have been romantically involved and whose portrait he painted twice (in 1795 and 1797). However, many scholars have rejected this possibility, including Australian art critic Robert Hughes in his 2003 biography Goya. Many agree that Pepita Tudó is a more likely candidate.
When Birkhoff and Lewis introduced the chromatic polynomial in their attack on the four-color theorem, they conjectured that for planar graphs G, the polynomial P(G,t) has no zeros in the region [4,\infty). Although it is known that such a chromatic polynomial has no zeros in the region [5,\infty) and that P(G,4) eq 0, their conjecture is still unresolved. It also remains an unsolved problem to characterize graphs which have the same chromatic polynomial and to determine which polynomials are chromatic.
Thus, they are not necessarily connected with the henge's original function. It has been conjectured that the henges would have been used to synchronize a calendar to the solar cycle for purposes of planting crops or timing religious rituals. Some henges have poles, stones or entrances that indicate the position of the rising or setting sun during the equinoxes and solstices, while others appear to frame certain constellations. Additionally, many are placed so that nearby hills either mark or do not interfere with such observations.
In 1954, Chinese paleontologist Yang Zhongjian described several fossil eggs from Laiyang, including an elongated type which he named "Oolithes" elongatus. He noted their similarity to Mongolian fossil eggs supposedly laid by Protoceratops, and therefore conjectured "O" elongatus was laid by a similar type of dinosaur. Later, in 1965, Yang discovered a comparable type of egg in Nanxiong. In 1975, the Chinese paleontologist Zhao Zikui published the prototype of the modern parataxonomic system for eggshell classification, dividing fossil eggs into oospecies, oogenera, and oofamilies.
Until recently, most studies on time travel are based upon classical general relativity. Coming up with a quantum version of time travel requires us to figure out the time evolution equations for density states in the presence of closed timelike curves (CTC). Novikov had conjectured that once quantum mechanics is taken into account, self-consistent solutions always exist for all time machine configurations, and initial conditions. However, it has been noted such solutions are not unique in general, in violation of determinism, unitarity and linearity.
In that lecture, Rutherford conjectured the existence of new particles. The alpha particle was known to be very stable, and it was assumed to retain its identity within the nucleus. The alpha particle was presumed to consist of four protons and two closely bound electrons to give it +2 charge and mass 4. In a 1919 paper, Rutherford had reported the apparent discovery of a new doubly charged particle of mass 3, denoted the X++, interpreted to consist of three protons and a closely bound electron.
When the convention convened in Chicago in June there were more delegates pledge to Grant than to any other candidate, but he was short of a majority. Ulysses S. Grant is shown surrendering to James A. Garfield after losing the 1880 Republican presidential nomination to him, in this satirical Puck cartoon. Grant's popularity was high, but fading. Washburne conjectured that had Grant stayed abroad longer, the wave of adulation that greeted him on his return might have carried him all the way back to the White House.
The use of masks dates back several millennia. It is conjectured that the first masks may have generally been used by primitive people to associate the wearer with some kind of unimpeachable authority, such as "the gods" or to otherwise lend credence to the person's claim on a given social role. The oldest masks that have been discovered are 9,000 years old, being held by the Musée "Bible et Terre Sainte" (Paris), and the Israel Museum (Jerusalem).See further John W. Nunley et al.
This feature is approximately 25 light-years in width and has the attributes of a supernova remnant from an explosive event that occurred between 35 000 and 100 000 BC. However, it would take 50 to 100 times more energy than a standard supernova explosion to create a structure of this size and energy. It is conjectured that Sgr A East is the remnant of the explosion of a star that was gravitationally compressed as it made a close approach to the central black hole.
The plasma diffusion across the magnetic field is an important topic in magnetic confinement of fusion plasma. It is especially concerning how the plasma transport is reduced by the strength of the external magnetic field. The classical diffusion gives the 1/B2 scaling, while the Bohm diffusion, borne out of experimental observations from the early confinement machines, was conjectured to follow the 1/B scaling. The Hsu diffusion predicts the 1/B3/2 scaling, that is presumably the best confinement scenario in magnetized plasma.
As a partial converse, proved that, whenever a family of graphs has a decidable MSO2 satisfiability problem, the family must have bounded treewidth. The proof is based on a theorem of Robertson and Seymour that the families of graphs with unbounded treewidth have arbitrarily large grid minors.. Seese also conjectured that every family of graphs with a decidable MSO1 satisfiability problem must have bounded clique-width; this has not been proven, but a weakening of the conjecture that replaces MSO1 by CMSO1 is true..
If certain quantum inequalities conjectured by Ford and Roman hold, the energy requirements for some warp drives may be unfeasibly large as well as negative. For example, the energy equivalent of −1064 kg might be required to transport a small spaceship across the Milky Way—an amount orders of magnitude greater than the estimated mass of the observable universe. Counterarguments to these apparent problems have also been offered. Chris Van den Broeck of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in Belgium, in 1999, tried to address the potential issues.
We hev her! A koo in a tether; ::At oor toon end, a yow and a lamb; :::A pot an’ a pan; ::May we get seaf in wiv oor harvest yam; :::Wiv a sap o’ good yal ::An’ some haupence ti spend. John Greaves Nall's Glossary of East Anglian Dialect, originally published in 1866, conjectured that the word 'horkey' referred to the hallooing that followed the feast and was connected with the Norse hauka, to shout, that is also found in the words ‘hawker’ and ‘huckster’.
The nave arcades and the chancel are of Decorated style. During the rebuilding of the south aisle in 1890 a brass of a female (ca. 1390), with a puppy at her feet, was discovered. Also in the south aisle is a damaged 13th-century effigy of a cross-legged knight, conjectured to represent Falco D'Oyry,Kelly's Directory of Lincolnshire with the port of Hull 1885, p. 413 and Jacobean alabaster monuments of Adlard Welby, his wife Cassandra and their five children, erected in 1605.
The circumstances of his death are as murky as his life: the stories in which Feng is any more than a name or foil for Hanshan cease after he healed a local prefect. It has been conjectured that Hanshan's Poem 50 refers to his death: ::Show me the person who doesn't die; ::death remains impartial. ::I recall a towering man ::who is now a pile of dust- ::the World Below knows no dawn ::plants enjoy another spring ::but those who visit this sorrowful place ::the pine wind slays with grief.
Steidinger hypothesized that the presence of brevetoxin found in dolphin mortalities and prey mortalities in 1987-1988 were in part due to brevetoxin transfer through fish. While dangerous levels of brevetoxins have not been found in the muscles of live fish to date, the internal organs of fish are highly susceptible to dangerous levels of toxicity and should not be eaten. It is conjectured that chronic low-level exposure to brevetoxin metabolites can occur through shellfish and fish, although the effects of this have not been studied in detail and remain largely unknown.
In the mathematical theory of knots, a Berge knot (named after mathematician John Berge) or doubly primitive knot is any member of a particular family of knots in the 3-sphere. A Berge knot K is defined by the conditions: # K lies on a genus two Heegaard surface S # in each handlebody bound by S, K meets some meridian disc exactly once. John Berge constructed these knots as a way of creating knots with lens space surgeries and classified all the Berge knots. Cameron Gordon conjectured these were the only knots admitting lens space surgeries.
It has been conjectured that Herodotus may refer, through some hearsay statement, to the lakes Ladoga and Onega. There has been considerable discussion among geographers as to the position which should be assigned to this tribe: it is of course impossible to fix this with any accuracy; but there would seem to be reason to place them as far north as the sources of the Volga, or even further. (Schafarik, Slav. Alt. vol. i. p. 295.) Herodotus expressly says that they did not belong to the Scythian-Scolotic stock, although their customs were the same.
It has been conjectured that Trophimus is to be identified with the person mentioned in . There, Paul speaks in the highest terms of one of his companions whom he sent with Titus but does not provide his name. Titus and this disciple were evidently, those to whose care Paul entrusted the carrying of the Second Epistle to the Corinthians. The apostle says of this unnamed brother, not only that his praise is in the gospel throughout all the churches, but also that he was chosen by the churches to travel with him.
In Hebrew, the resh "ר" and the daleth "ד" are very similar and easily confused if not written carefully. It is conjectured that while David was leading his army against the Ammonites and Arameans, the Edomites invaded the south of Judah, and that David sent Joab or Abishai against them, who drove them back and finally subdued Edom. (Comp. title to Ps. 60 [Ps. 59 in the Septuagint].) 2 Samuel 8:13 - And David became famous after he returned from striking down eighteen thousand Arameans in the Valley of Salt.
Rudolf Hirzel (20 March 1846, Leipzig - 30 December 1917, Jena) was a German classical scholar, and author of a number of major books on Greek law, oaths, dialogues and names. In Jena Rudolf Hirzel lived in the same house as Gottlob Frege and it has been conjectured that his studies in ancient logic may have influenced him.Gabriel G., Huemllser K., Schlotter S., Zur Miete bei Frege - Rudolf Hirzel und die Rezeption der stoischen Logik und Semantik in Jena, Journal for History and Philosophy of Logic, Vol. 30, (Nov.
Kimball conjectured that Robert Morris had built the mansion; however, in 2005, Pratt's letterbooks were found at the William L. Clements Library of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor by an assistant curator of the Art Museum. Tax records indicated that the mansion did not exist at the time Pratt had purchased the land. The records also revealed that Pratt was both the designer and general contractor for his mansion. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 7, 1972 as an inventoried contributing structure within Fairmount Park.
A finite plane of order n is one such that each line has n points (for an affine plane), or such that each line has n + 1 points (for a projective plane). One major open question in finite geometry is: :Is the order of a finite plane always a prime power? This is conjectured to be true. Affine and projective planes of order n exist whenever n is a prime power (a prime number raised to a positive integer exponent), by using affine and projective planes over the finite field with elements.
Around 1530, Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán (president of New Spain) was told by an Indian slave of the Seven Cities of Cibola that had streets paved with gold and silver. About the same time Hernán Cortés was attracted by stories of a wonderful country far to the northwest, populated by Amazonish women and abounding with gold, pearls and gems. The Spaniards conjectured that these places may be one and the same. An expedition in 1533 discovered a bay, most likely that of La Paz, before experiencing difficulties and returning.
HMC, 9th report part 2, Alfred Morrison, (1884), 414–5. Lennox returned to Scotland upon the urging of Queen Elizabeth I of England, during the marriage negotiations of Queen Mary of Scots in 1564. He quickly took up his position as the most powerful lord in the Glasgow area and was later instrumental in the marriage of his elder son, Lord Darnley, to Queen Mary. Whether Queen Elizabeth I had intended this (in order to eliminate the threat of a continental marriage), as is sometimes conjectured, remains doubtful.
Sweets' young age and youthful appearance has posed a problem for him at work as other agents sometimes do not take him seriously. When they first met each other Booth conjectured that the worst thing that had ever happened to Sweets was that he "lost at Mortal Kombat". He is usually known to other agents, including Booth, as "the shrink". When he and Booth first worked together, Booth often treated him in a condescending manner and would refer to or address him as "The Shrink", amongst other humorous variations, instead of his actual name.
Diego de Alcalá, by Francisco de Zurbarán The San Diego Pro-cathedral is named in honor of Didacus of Alcalá, the Franciscan saint more commonly known in the Philippines as San Diego de Alcalá. A local historian has conjectured that San Diego was given as a patron saint to the early settlement that became Silay by Fr. Diego Gomez de Covarrubias when he became the parish priest of the neighboring settlement of Bago, and Silay was his visita - a settlement he was responsible for attending to as a visiting priest.
It is known that Klein designed and built a number of public buildings during his stay in Bjelovar, but there are no surviving records which would support a reliable attribution. It is conjectured that several buildings in Bjelovar - such as Adjutant's house (1855–1859), Sergeant Major's house (1855–1856) and the prison building (1854–1861) - were actually designed by Klein. His earliest known work is the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Molve, built between 1855 and 1862. It is the most significant example of Rundbogenstil in sacred architecture of Croatia.
Several interesting physical systems abide by entropic functionals that are more general than the standard Tsallis entropy. Therefore, several physically meaningful generalizations have been introduced. The two most generals of those are notably: Superstatistics, introduced by C. Beck and E. G. D. Cohen in 2003 and Spectral Statistics, introduced by G. A. Tsekouras and Constantino Tsallis in 2005. Both these entropic forms have Tsallis and Boltzmann–Gibbs statistics as special cases; Spectral Statistics has been proven to at least contain Superstatistics and it has been conjectured to also cover some additional cases.
Thus it was conjectured, but not proven, that Sophronius was indeed Sylvester Syropoulos, the Orthodox cleric who participated at the Council of Florence and who wrote a chronicle of it. Sylvester Syropoulos belonged to the faction which was in favor of the East-West Union of Churches, and he signed the documents of the council. This fact works against the possible identification of Sophronius with Sylvester Syropoulos; if however he is indeed the same person, it could justify the virtual damnatio memoriae displayed in the primary sources against him.
Asymmetric cryptography (or public key cryptography) is cryptography that relies on using two (mathematically related) keys; one private, and one public. Such ciphers invariably rely on "hard" mathematical problems as the basis of their security, so an obvious point of attack is to develop methods for solving the problem. The security of two-key cryptography depends on mathematical questions in a way that single- key cryptography generally does not, and conversely links cryptanalysis to wider mathematical research in a new way. Asymmetric schemes are designed around the (conjectured) difficulty of solving various mathematical problems.
On 23 October 1254, for example, Innocent, who was at Capua at the time, detached Amalfi from their traditional obedience to the Kings of Sicily and received them directly into his own power. The papal army was soundly defeated at the Battle of Foggia, which took place on 2 December 1254, days before the death of Innocent himself, in Naples, on Monday 7 December. The new pope, Alexander IV, raised another army against Manfred, led by Cardinal Ottaviano degli Ubaldini as Legate in the Kingdom of Sicily. It is conjectured that Paltanieri was his Vicar.
It has been variously conjectured he was possibly the first pharaoh of Lower Egypt, or the last or that he was a member of Dynasty 0. Hedju-Hor is only known from two clay jugs from Tura in the eastern Nile Delta and one from Abu Zeidan on the northeastern tip of the Nile Delta, Egyptologists were brainstorming on the idea on that on this questions but then which his serekh appears.Henry Georg Fischer: Varia Aegyptiaca . In: Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, No. 2 . Eisenbrauns, Winona Lake 1963, p. 44.
While some studies, using ultrasound, have found physiological evidence of the G-spot in women who report having orgasms during vaginal intercourse, O'Connell argues that this interconnected relationship is the physiological explanation for the conjectured G-Spot and experience of vaginal orgasms, taking into account the stimulation of the internal parts of the clitoris during vaginal penetration. "The vaginal wall is, in fact, the clitoris," she said. "If you lift the skin off the vagina on the side walls, you get the bulbs of the clitoris – triangular, crescental masses of erectile tissue." O'Connell et al.

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