"We have to fight against demobilization and despair," he said.
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Churchill's first major task — demobilization — might easily have gone terribly wrong.
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Experts in disarmament, demobilization and reintegration tell us how to prevent it.
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Nor will security conditions in the country justify too large a demobilization.
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Many see it as an exercise in demobilization, and a proof of control.
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The demobilization of nearly 7,000 heavily armed militants will be a major challenge.
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Knotty problems of unification, demobilization, and transitional justice will need to be answered.
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Colombia's peace deal with the FARC created 2300 temporary demobilization camps across the country.
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The former include remnants of the leftist rebels that existed before the 2017 demobilization.
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Teams led by the United Nations, including government and FARC representatives, will monitor the demobilization.
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The demobilization of a major group during Uribe's term in office was widely criticized as ineffective.
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Ex-guerrillas languished in rural demobilization camps, many of which the government didn't even finish building.
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The United States could create tremendous incentives for cooperation around the disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration process.
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"Demobilization is predicated on removal of the main threat," Yemane said in his office overlooking Asmara.
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The demobilization of a major paramilitary group during Uribe's term in office was widely criticized as ineffective.
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But Christensen said this ran counter to Sierra Leone's stated policy of demobilization following the civil war.
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More than 11,000 FARC fighters and supporters handed over their weapons to the United Nations during demobilization.
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Moscow must also introduce a robust disarming and demobilization program for Russian-backed separatists in these regions.
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Trump fans, meanwhile, are going to face the natural demobilization and disappointment that comes with actual governance.
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There are also signs that the demobilization of one rebel group has created an opening for another.
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With the mechanisms for demobilization and entering politics now defined, little is left for negotiators to iron out.
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In 2003, Uribe chose Medellín as a pilot site for the negotiated demobilization of Colombia's national paramilitary structures.
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Some 7,000 rebel fighters are now making their way to special demobilization areas to hand over their weapons.
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But Mr. Aronson also helped bring about the demobilization of the contras after the Sandinistas lost elections in 1990.
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The protests also included members of local vigilante groups who were demanding inclusion in a disarmament and demobilization program.
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Financing will come from the FARC's own funds and demobilization money earmarked for individual ex-rebels under the peace agreement.
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She conceded that any shift, like the demobilization of the military troops fighting drug gangs, would need to be gradual.
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The demobilization of the FARC—and potential demobilization of the smaller, more volatile National Liberation Army (ELN), which agreed to a five-day election ceasefire as part of its talks with the Santos government—will do for the war-torn Colombian periphery what dismantling the Medellin Cartel has supposedly done for the city's slums.
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Last month, she was reunited with her child, now aged three, and who lives in the demobilization zone with his parents.
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It said ex-rebels who commit crimes after demobilization would be subject to regular laws that include the possibility of extradition.
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"We observe demobilization not in response to a policy victory, but in response to a party victory," Heaney and Rojas write.
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The five-point peace accord covers agricultural reform, an end to the illegal drugs trade, victims' reparations, FARC political participation and demobilization.
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Buhari spokesman Femi Adesina said there would be "some sort of demobilization" for CJTF members but denied any obligation to provide jobs.
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Many crime gang members are former paramilitary fighters who returned to armed groups after a demobilization process more than a decade ago.
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It has largely abandoned attempts at systematic army reform, and there are almost no demobilization programs for the multitude of armed groups.
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The peace accord between the FARC and Colombia has led to the demobilization of more than 13,000 rebels, including some 7,000 combatants.
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Colombia's second-largest rebel group — the National Liberation Army, or ELN — is also expected to make a play for FARC assets after demobilization.
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It also requires bringing Libya's many militias under the TNC's civilian authority, and working toward their demobilization, disarmament and reintegration into Libyan society.
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The agreement to lay down arms sets the stage for what will be one of the largest demobilization of guerrilla fighters in years.
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Colombia has begun the treacherous journey towards stability in creating a strong agreement that includes political participation, transitional justice, rural development and demobilization.
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"This year the infrastructure of the ice camp is more expeditionary, enabling a lighter and more mobile camp for building and demobilization," Callaghan wrote.
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Many ex-combatants, most of whom come from poor, rural backgrounds, have also contributed the money they were given upon demobilization to the projects.
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Before their demobilization in the mid-2000s, the militiamen came to rival the guerrillas as drug traffickers and outdo them as human rights abusers.
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The group handed in more than 8,000 weapons to the United Nations during demobilization and ran candidates in their first-ever elections this month.
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Once weapons are turned over, the FARC can fulfill the rest of the demobilization process that, the agreement states, should be completed within six months.
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In Colombia, the peace process and the demobilization of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) left a power vacuum in vast, remote forest regions.
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"The FARC negotiators have to travel to the conflict zones to explain the demobilization process to the combatants," Roy Barreras told Caracol Radio on Thursday.
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Because of what Colombia's United Nations verification mission calls "growing frustration with the lack of opportunities," most ex-guerrillas have left the 2000 demobilization zones.
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Related: This Former Colombian Child Soldier Was Forced to Kill Eight of His Friends Thursday's agreement already includes some details of the FARC's future demobilization.
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Norway has a long tradition of conflict mediation, including helping negotiate of a peace agreement in Colombia that lead to demobilization of the FARC guerrilla group.
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By the time of his demobilization in 1991, my grandfather had earned the rank of lieutenant colonel and a watch inscribed by the commissar for transport.
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His ratings had been slipping since the end of World War II, in part because of the pain of demobilization and a wave of labor strikes.
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Russian officers speaking off the record admit that between their training and their final demobilization month, the majority are only usable for maybe three months of that year.
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Since the demobilization of the FARC in 2017 under the terms of the peace accord, Colombia has faced a rapidly evolving landscape of new criminal alliances and feuds.
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On the other hand, the agreement did lead to the peaceful demobilization of thousands of FARC fighters, something that represented a huge counterinsurgency "win" for the Colombian government.
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The FARC, now a political party known as the Revolutionary Alternative Common Force, has argued against any changes to the original agreement, including extradition for crimes committed after demobilization.
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Hundreds of fighters remain in former demobilization camps, where many are participating in business projects meant to help them reintegrate into society and find ways to make a living.
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Dhont said an estimated 1,000-1,400 rebels were already outside the peace process, and growing numbers had been abandoning demobilization camps that were at the heart of rehabilitation efforts.
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This week was expected to be the start of an exodus of fighters from clandestine camps throughout Colombia to roughly 30 points in the country known as demobilization zones.
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The main stipulations: the rebels would give up their arms and reintegrate into society, and the Colombian government would invest resources into vulnerable, rural areas and support demobilization efforts.
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Along the banks of the Río Mira, 10 miles from the Ecuadorian border, this demobilization camp lies in the heart of the Nariño region and Colombia's infamous, illicit coca trade.
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Along the banks of the Río Mira, 26 miles from the Ecuadorian border, this demobilization camp lies in the heart of the Nariño region and Colombia's infamous, illicit coca trade.
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But experts say the failure to implement swiftly key elements, such as the re-integration and demobilization of combatants, has allowed tension to fester and risked igniting a new conflict.
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Santos won this year's Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to reach an accord, under which some 7,000 rebels are now heading to special demobilization areas to hand in their weapons.
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Kazembe said he thought Kyungu wanted to take part in the government's rebel demobilization program, a scheme that rights activists have criticized for integrating violent insurgent groups into the national army.
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Under the terms of the deal, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) will turn in all guns and other arms to the UN at special demobilization camps around the country.
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"We invite all guerrillas and militia who are not in agreement with demobilization and the laying down of FARC weapons to join forces and continue united as an organization," the statement said.
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The FARC is ready to disarm and move its 7,000 hardened fighters and its 8,000 militia members into United Nations-monitored demobilization camps once a general amnesty is assured under the law.
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A few hours' drive away, 500 families have signed up for the new government crop substitution program in La Carmelita, a region with a dozen villages next to a rebel demobilization camp.
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But on Thursday, Working on Fire, a South African government-funded organization that trains firefighters, said a senior management team was on its way to Alberta assist with their demobilization and return home.
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Crimes committed by FARC members during the war are to be adjudicated by a special tribunal, but those committed after demobilization are subject to regular judicial procedure, which includes the possibility of extradition.
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The U.S. embassy in Baghdad had posted a message on Twitter on Tuesday saying Tehran must "respect the sovereignty of the Iraqi government and permit the disarming, demobilization, and reintegration" of Shi'ite militias.
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The accord has seen about 250,000 FARC fighters leave their strongholds and gather in 26 demobilization zones where so far rebels have surrendered about a third of their weapons to the United Nations.
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Santos won last year's Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to reach an accord with the FARC, 6,000 of whom are now in the process of handing in their weapons at demobilization camps.
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But such a move can't be made in isolation, Counsell said — it must be accompanied by demobilization programs and alternative anti-poaching initiatives that focus on international criminal gangs instead of impoverished locals.
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In Colombia, though, a government technical institute, with branches around the country, has agreed to train former guerrillas as plumbers, electricians, or carpenters; in the demobilization camps, they will learn animal husbandry and farming.
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Colombian President Ivan Duque has promised to persecute the rebel group, whose leaders said they were returning to armed struggle because Duque had betrayed the 2016 peace accord that lead to the FARC's demobilization.
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"After decades of demobilization, many unions have become legalistic, service-focused organizations that overly rely on paid staff to lobby elected officials," Chris Brooks of the labor organization and publication Labor Notes pointed out.
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Many former fighters have returned home to reunite with their families, but some 5,000 have remained in 24 demobilization zones like the one on the Pato, turning them into makeshift towns built on Marxist principles.
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The demobilization of the FARC in 2017 left a power vacuum in restive regions around the Andean country, sparking bloody competition between remaining armed groups for control of lucrative drug trafficking and illegal mining operations.
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The government and the rebels last week extended the weapon hand-in deadline by 20 days, after logistical delays slowed the arrival of some of the group's nearly 7,000 fighters to special UN demobilization zones.
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The result was the lowest public investment in the United States since the demobilization after World War II. Budgets for serious needs like infectious disease outbreaks or public defenders for the indigent were reduced indiscriminately.
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Mr. al-Bashir was taken to Kober prison in Khartoum, according to Osama Nabil Sobhi, the president of the Sudan Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Commission, which served as an advisory board to Mr. al-Bashir.
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BOGOTA (Reuters) - Colombia's Marxist FARC rebels can begin surrendering their weapons to the United Nations now that almost 7,000 of them have reached designated demobilization zones around the country, President Juan Manuel Santos said on Monday.
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BAGHDAD (Reuters) - The Iraqi Foreign Ministry rejected on Saturday what it called U.S. interference in its affairs after the U.S. embassy issued a statement telling neighboring Iran to respect Iraq's sovereignty allow demobilization of Shi'ite militias.
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Speaking to VICE News following a trip to coca-producing areas in Colombia's Antioquia region, he said falling gold prices combined with the looming demobilization of the guerrilla groups has led to a bumper crop of coca.
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In "On Stage," a father's boss creates a "Fault 1 Demobilization" to help bring the son "back to his senses," an order to keep from sending him to the prison camp, which would destroy the family's reputation.
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By the time World War II broke out, the company made a quarter of all British military uniforms and a third of demobilization suits (issued to soldiers returning home), making it the affordable brand it remains today.
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Experts have warned that the five-year-old nation risks sliding back into conflict unless the two sides move more swiftly to implement the peace pact, including ensuring the swift re-integration or demobilization of rival combatants.
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Pope Francis has expressed that failure in the talks is not an option while the United Nations has agreed to set up a mission to monitor the demobilization of the guerrillas and the consolidation of the ceasefire.
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Demobilization of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) as part of a deal ending more than 50 years of war has raised concerns that heavily armed former combatants could join with increasingly powerful drug gangs in Brazil.
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The rebels have long feared assassinations after demobilization, concerned there could be a repeat of some 5,000 killings of members of the Patriotic Union, a leftist party decimated in the 1980s and 1990s by right-wing paramilitary groups.
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The future of the deal may hang on whether the FARC will accept tougher conditions for demobilization, perhaps combined with a softening of Uribe's hard-line demands which include ensuring FARC commanders serve time in jail, analysts said.
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Adam Isaacson, director of the regional security policy program at the Washington Office on Latin America (WOLA), predicts that other violent groups will fill the power vacuum left by the demobilization and bring yet more violence to local civilian populations.
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BOGOTA (Reuters) - Colombia and the Marxist FARC rebel group have agreed to extend a weapon hand-in deadline for guerrilla fighters by 13 days, President Juan Manuel Santos said on Monday, after logistical delays slowed parts of the group's demobilization process.
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Under the accord, rejected in a public referendum but pushed through by congress, all rebels are required to live in special camps around the country and hand in all their weapons to the United Nations, which is overseeing the demobilization process.
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Yet in recent weeks they have been not been urging on the demobilization of the largest military by GDP in the world, or the immediate establishment of a fund for victims – both actions that would help cement peace and change lives.
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The Afghan government's marginalization not only prevents it from articulating the positions of its citizens, but also discussing terms for institutional mechanisms of peace, such as security sector reform; disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes; and transitional justice and reconciliation initiatives.
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The FARC and the government have established a deadline of May 31st for final disarmament, and, in recent months, FARC fighters have been moving from their forest hideouts to demobilization camps, in a motley procession of buses, jeeps, and motorized canoes.
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But the one thing that Shi finds consistently is that demobilization effects are stronger than mobilization effects: Telling people they're wrong is more effective at getting people to stay home than telling people they're right is at getting them to vote.
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For example, they would agree to let ethnic leaders who sign the cease-fire deal found political parties and run for office in multiparty elections, if these groups agreed to submit to a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration program within several years.
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Arguably, some progress on demobilization and ending child soldier recruitment has been made in four countries that received partial waivers – indicating that the law can be used as a carrot to incentivize further progress – but the waiver for Yemen raises serious concerns.
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Under the terms of the agreement, which follows a model established by the 2006 demobilization of a vicious right-wing paramilitary group, the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia, known as the A.U.C., the FARC guerrillas would participate in a transitional justice process.
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It's not entirely clear why this demobilization is happening — grassroots leaders I've spoken to suggest it's more a diminished sense of threat plus a lack of strategic focus from party leaders rather than a deliberate strategy — but it's hurting Democrats in tangible ways.
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The rebels have abandoned their battle camps for demobilization camps like the one in a lush stretch of countryside near Mesetas — temporary settlements of tents and drywall buildings where the rebels have been slowly handing over their weapons, 7,132 at last count.
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The six-day meeting in Bogota of FARC members, who have handed in more than 8,000 weapons to the United Nations during their demobilization, is expected to conclude on Friday with a platform that the party will campaign on in elections next year.
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Related: Digging up Bodies: Colombia Is Searching for Thousands of Unnamed Dead The logistics of the weapons' handover and demobilization proved to be a particular sticking points in the talks thanks to the political violence that greeted the FARC's last attempted move into politics.
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"The change in date does not in any way affect the firm decision and clear commitment of the government and the FARC to comply with the accord," he said, adding the rebels' stay in the demobilization camps would also be extended until August 1.
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Before the terms of the deal—which include sub-agreements on such issues as the eradication of coca, agrarian reform, demobilization and disarmament, transitional justice, and political participation for reintegrated rebels—can be implemented, each party needs to seek approval from their respective constituencies.
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It is in war-torn areas like Caqueta where deforestation is on the rise following the FARC demobilization, and where Colombia - in partnership with Norway - is focusing efforts to halt forest loss with a scheme that offers former fighters training and jobs as forest guardians.
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In 2015, as the FARC was nearing its peace deal with the government, Mr. Rojas had tried three times to pass himself off as a member of that group to receive demobilization benefits, but FARC members rejected him repeatedly, said Mr. Botero, the defense minister.
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FARC dissidents have joined crime gangs and the National Liberation Army (ELN) rebels on the list of the country's top security threats since demobilization, as the different groups fight each other and state security forces for control of lucrative drug trafficking routes and illegal mining areas.
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He said the order was designed to underline the FARC's commitment to the peace talks with the government that have already produced a definitive ceasefire and are expected to bring a final accord by the end of the month, followed by the demobilization of the rebels.
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Working on Fire, the South African organization in charge of the deployment, said in a statement early Thursday that they have dispatched senior management to the province of Alberta to address the firefighters' "concerns" and assist with the "smooth demobilization" of some 22016 members and return home.
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Working on Fire, the South African organization in charge of the deployment, said in a statement early Thursday that they have dispatched senior management to the province of Alberta to address the firefighters' "concerns" and assist with the "smooth demobilization" of some 300 members and return home.
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There is also concern that the demobilization of the FARC will spark conflicts in areas the rebels once dominated as the ELN and other armed criminal groups and drug cartels, some of them formed from a core of former paramilitaries, compete to fill the vacuum they leave.
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According to one ex-paramilitary, who gave information about the horrors of La Modelo in exchange for lighter sentencing under a 2005 law set up to facilitate the paramilitary demobilization, many of the deaths were rooted in inmates bringing their old conflicts and rivalries with them into the prison.
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On the opposite end, concern is growing that FARC leadership will be hard-pressed to get members of its rebel army to give up their lucrative drug trade business in exchange for an increasingly insecure demobilization effort in a country where large swaths of the population hates them.
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"The government will need to disarm and reintegrate these combatants through a viable disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process; reform the national army, which fell apart in 2013, to ensure proper civilian protection; and manage the return of displaced people and refugees," said Lewis Mudge, a researcher with Human Rights Watch.
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The disarmament process officially concluded on Tuesday as the UN, which was supervising the hand-in, removed the final shipment of weapons from a demobilization camp in Fonseca, La Guajira province, one of more than two dozen zones where the FARC have been living since the start of the year.
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"Once the selection process takes place for the unified army the remaining ones who are not selected will be demobilized through the DDR (Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration) process and so the incentives of being able to access a DDR package may be an incentive to swell the numbers," she said in the interview.
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In fact, the emergence of high unemployment on Mars after demobilization and the end of terraforming makes it seem as if the real problem wasn't technology, it was secular stagnation — a situation in which private spending is consistently too weak to employ the economy's resources, except during unsustainable asset or debt bubbles.
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