A government of national unity took months to form; the demilitarisation of Juba, called for by the accord, did not happen.
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Then came the end of the cold war, improved forest conservation standards, tighter rules on hunting, and the demilitarisation of border zones.
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To be allowed one Gaza would probably have to agree to full demilitarisation, and this is a step too far for Hamas to take.
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This involved no exchange of territory but freedom for Kashmiris to move between the two sides, demilitarisation and greater self-government for the region.
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With Assad now regaining control, Israel has voiced worry that he might defy a 44-year-old Golan demilitarisation deal that had stabilised their standoff.
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On October 4th Filipe Nyusi, the president, announced that Javier António Perez, an Argentine general who supervised the disarmament of Colombia's FARC guerrillas, would co-ordinate demilitarisation.
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Tuesday's meeting will evaluate progress in removing landmines and guard posts, adjustments to border surveillance equipment, and ways to mutually verify demilitarisation efforts, said Yonhap news agency, quoting ministry officials.
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He said demilitarisation would be a key component of any ASEAN-China code of conduct, but it was too soon to say whether Beijing's dismantling of its weapons installations would be a prerequisite.
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JERUSALEM, July 24 (Reuters) - A Syrian warplane shot down by Israel over the Golan Heights on Tuesday was in "gross violation" of a 1974 U.N.-monitored demilitarisation deal on the strategic plateau, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said on Tuesday.
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"It is essential that there is a gradual demilitarisation, in particular of the Popular Mobilisation that established itself in the last few years in Iraq, and that all militias be gradually dismantled," he told a Paris news conference held with Iraqi Kurdish leaders.
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The international regime governing Åland is based on an 1856 demilitarisation convention.
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Demilitarisation or demilitarization may mean the reduction of state armed forces; it is the opposite of militarisation in many respects. For instance, the demilitarisation of Northern Ireland entailed the reduction of British security and military apparatuses. Demilitarisation in this sense is usually the result of a peace treaty ending a war or a major conflict. The principle is distinguished from demobilization, which refers to the drastic voluntary reduction in the size of a victorious army.
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As a prelude to demilitarisation, responsibility of the program was transferred from the Ministry of Defence to Russia's civilian space agency Roscosmos.
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As a prelude to demilitarisation, responsibility of the program was transferred from the Ministry of Defence to Russia's civilian space agency Roscosmos.
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Pax Christi focuses on: human rights, human security, disarmament and demilitarisation, nonviolence, nuclear disarmament, extractives in Latin America, and a renewed peace process for Israel-Palestine.
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Finland marked the 150th anniversary of the demilitarisation of the Åland Islands by issuing a high-value commemorative coin, the €5 150th Anniversary of Demilitarisation of Åland Islands commemorative coin, minted in 2006. The obverse depicts a pine tree, a typical feature of the Åland Islands. The reverse features a boat's stern and rudder, with a dove perched on the tiller, a symbol of 150 years of peace.
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It also condemned all violence and called for steps towards demilitarisation. The Secretary-General was requested to report every 14 days on the implementation of the current resolution.
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The Peace Party seeks to promote a society that is compassionate and respectful, and that values cooperation over competition. They support conflict resolution, demilitarisation, drug legalisation, felony disenfranchisement, and proportional representation.
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Mount Scopus Demilitarisation Agreement of 7 July 1948 the agreement was initialled by Franklyn M Begley a UN official, the local Jordanian commander and by the Israeli local commanderReport of the Firing Incident of 26 May 1958 on Mount Scopus UN Doc S/4030 17 June 1958, para 80 Mount Scopus Demilitarisation Agreement of 21 July 1948 Israeli and Jordanian local commanders with subsidiary agreement initialled by Franklyn M Begley and the local Jordanian commander but not by the Israeli commander.
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The riots followed a protest by members of Sinn Féin's youth wing dissatisfied with the slow process of demilitarisation promised by the British government, a key demand of Sinn Féin in the Northern Ireland peace process.
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When Dixon's successor, Dr Frank Graham, arrived in the subcontinent during a time of tension, he tried to effect demilitarisation prior to a plebiscite but India and Pakistan could not agree on the number of troops who were to remain in Kashmir. Dr Frank Graham was appointed by the Security Council as the UN representative for India and Pakistan on 30 April 1951. Dr Graham arrived in the subcontinent on 30 June 1951. The Graham mission had to reach an agreement between the two countries concerning the demilitarisation of Kashmir.
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126 The barracks closed in 2007 as part of the demilitarisation of Northern Ireland according to the Good Friday Agreement. Eventually, an environmentally friendly PSNI station was built on the grounds next to the existing St Lucia barracks site in 2010.
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In January 1998, following the demilitarisation of state institutions stipulated in the Peace Accords, the IGN was reinstated as a dependency of the Ministry of Communications, Infrastructure and Housing, and became a dependency of the Ministry of Agriculture in September 2006.
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It was important that all countries in the former Yugoslavia recognised each other. Acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, it was decided that UNTAES would operate in the three regions for an initial period of a year with both military and civilian components. The Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali was asked to appoint a director. Demilitarisation would be complete within 30 days after the deployment of the military component of UNTAES. 14 days after the date on which demilitarisation was to be completed, a review would take place on the willingness of the parties to implement the Basic Agreement.
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Sir Owen Dixon, UN mediator The UNCIP appointed its successor, Sir Owen Dixon, to implement demilitarisation prior to a statewide plebiscite on the basis of General McNaughton's scheme, and to recommend solutions to the two governments. Dixon's efforts for a statewide plebiscite came to naught due to India's constant rejection of the various alternative demilitarisation proposals, for which Dixon rebuked India harshly. Dixon then offered an alternative proposal, widely known as the Dixon plan. Dixon did not view the state of Jammu and Kashmir as one homogeneous unit and therefore proposed that a plebiscite be limited to the Valley.
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United Nations Security Council resolution 1222, adopted unanimously on 15 January 1999, after recalling previous resolutions on Croatia including resolutions 779 (1992), 981 (1995), 1147 (1998) and 1183 (1998), the Council authorised the United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP) to continue monitoring the demilitarisation in the Prevlaka peninsula area of Croatia until 15 July 1999. The Security Council welcomed the recent lifting of restrictions on the freedom of movement of UNMOP and improved co-operation from Croatia but noted at the same time long-standing violations of the demilitarisation regime and the presence of Yugoslav and occasionally Croatian forces. It also welcomed the willingness of Croatia to reopen crossing points with Montenegro as a significant confidence-building measure which had led to civilian traffic in both directions. The parties were urged to fully implement an agreement on the normalisation of their relations, cease violations of the demilitarisation regime, reduce tension and to ensure freedom of movement to United Nations observers.
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The American ambassador Loy Henderson informed Indian officials that India's refusal to hold a conciliatory attitude which would assist in the prompt holding of a plebiscite was enhancing the American belief that India was deliberately avoiding a plebiscite. The McNaughton proposals were popular in the Security Council, which then passed a resolution giving both states a time period of five months to arrange the demilitarisation scheme. India later accepted the draft resolution on 14 March 1950. The Council then appointed Sir Owen Dixon as the next UN representative to the two countries; and he was tasked with administering McNaughton's demilitarisation scheme for Jammu and Kashmir.
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Nixon's Corner is a small village in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. In the 2001 Census it had a population of 201 people. It is situated within Derry and Strabane district. Nixon's Corner was once the location of a British army border checkpoint installation prior to demilitarisation.
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No agreement could be reached between the two countries on the process of demilitarisation. Scholars have commented that the failure of the Security Council efforts of mediation owed to the fact that the Council regarded the issue as a purely political dispute without investigating its legal underpinnings.
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United Nations Security Council resolution 1038, adopted unanimously on 15 January 1996, after recalling previous resolutions on Croatia including resolutions 779 (1992), 981 (1995) and 1025 (1995), the Council authorised the United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka to continue monitoring the demilitarisation in the Prevlaka peninsula area of Croatia. The Council noted an agreement whereby presidents of Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) concerning demilitarisation and emphasised the contribution this had made to the decrease in tension in the region. The observers would monitor the demilitarisation in the Prevlaka peninsula for a period of three months, and the Council would extend this period by a further three months upon receipt of a report by the Secretary-General. By 15 March 1996, the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali was requested to report to the Council on the situation in the region and progress made by the parties to resolve their differences and with regard to the possible extension of the mandate of the military observers.
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United Nations Security Council resolution 1252, adopted unanimously on 15 July 1999, after recalling previous resolutions on Croatia including resolutions 779 (1992), 981 (1995), 1147 (1998), 1183 (1998) and 1222 (1999), the Council authorised the United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP) to continue monitoring the demilitarisation in the Prevlaka peninsula area of Croatia until 15 January 2000. The Security Council welcomed the recent lifting of restrictions on the freedom of movement of UNMOP and improved co-operation from Croatia but noted at the same time long-standing violations of the demilitarisation regime and the presence of Yugoslav and occasionally Croatian forces. It also the reopening of crossing points between Croatia and Montenegro as a significant confidence-building measure which had led to civilian traffic in both directions. Both Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) were urged to fully implement an agreement on the normalisation of their relations, cease violations of the demilitarisation regime, reduce tension and to ensure freedom of movement to United Nations observers.
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On 27 March 1953 Dr Graham presented his final report and his mediatory efforts ended. The two questions during this mediation which India and Pakistan differed upon was the number of troops to remain after demilitarisation on each side and when the plebiscite administrator could assume their tasks.
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Mount Scopus Demilitarisation Agreement of 7 July 1948 the agreement was initialled by Franklyn M Begley, a UN official, Colonel Abdullah el Tell and by Colonel David Shaltiel, the Jordanian and Israeli military commanders in Jerusalem. Mount Scopus Demilitarisation Agreement of 21 July 1948 Israeli and Jordanian local commanders with subsidiary agreement initialled by Franklyn M Begley and the local Jordanian commander but not by the Israeli commander. In late 1951 General de Ridder negotiated a local commanders' agreement in an effort to reduce border tension. On the first day of February 1952, a new agreement went into effect and for three full months all complaints were handled by the local commanders.
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United Nations Security Council resolution 1183, adopted unanimously on 15 July 1998, after recalling previous resolutions on Croatia including resolutions 779 (1992), 981 (1995) and 1147 (1998), the Council authorised the United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP) to continue monitoring the demilitarisation in the Prevlaka peninsula area of Croatia until 15 January 1999. The Secretary-General Kofi Annan had reported positive developments in the situation. Both the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) and Croatia had made proposals and initiatives to resolve the dispute. There were long-standing violations of the demilitarisation regime concerning demining activities and restrictions on the freedom of movement of United Nations personnel, therefore the continued presence of the observers was required.
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But due to disagreements between the two nations regarding demilitarisation, the plebiscite is still pending. Nimitz became a member of the Bohemian Club of San Francisco. In 1948, he sponsored a Bohemian dinner in honor of U.S. Army General Mark Clark, known for his campaigns in North Africa and Italy.Navy Department Library.
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Russia is not a party to the 1921 convention, but the 1940 Moscow Treaty on the Åland Islands and the 1947 Paris Peace Treaty contain provisions on the demilitarisation of Åland. Neutralisation is not mentioned, however. Those who have right of domicile and moved to Åland before the age 12 are exempt from military service.
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Whilst US forces were responsible for military government, the BCOF was responsible for supervising demilitarisation and the disposal of Japan's war industries.British Commonwealth Occupation Force 1945–52, AWM. The BCOF was also responsible for the occupation of the western prefectures of Shimane, Yamaguchi, Tottori, Okayama, Hiroshima and Shikoku Island. BCOF headquarters was at Kure, a naval port near Hiroshima.
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With the recent flood of reports from the eastern territories about forced demilitarisation, trials and execution of Home Army soldiers by the Soviets, on 21 July 1944 the High Command of the Home Army decided to expand the scope of the Operation Tempest to include Warsaw itself. The date for the Warsaw Uprising was set to 1 August.
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United Nations Security Council resolution 1285, adopted unanimously on 13 January 2000, after recalling previous resolutions on Croatia including resolutions 779 (1992), 981 (1995), 1147 (1998), 1183 (1998), 1222 (1999) and 1252 (1999), the Council authorised the United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP) to continue monitoring the demilitarisation in the Prevlaka peninsula area of Croatia until 15 July 2000. It was the first resolution of 2000. The Security Council remained concerned at violations of the demilitarisation regime and limitations on the freedom of movement of United Nations observers, though some positive developments had taken place. It welcomed the opening of the crossing points between Croatia and Montenegro facilitated civilian and commercial traffic without security incidents that represented a significant confidence-building measure between the two countries.
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United Nations Security Council resolution 1066, adopted unanimously on 15 July 1996, after recalling previous resolutions on Croatia including resolutions 779 (1992), 981 (1995), 1025 (1995) and 1038 (1996), the Council authorised military observers to continue monitoring the demilitarisation in the Prevlaka peninsula area of Croatia until 15 January 1997. The Council noted the agreement between Presidents of Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) concerning the demilitarisation of the Prevlaka peninsula and the contribution it had made to reducing tension in the region. It also reaffirmed the sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence of Croatia, and the importance of mutual recognition between the successor states in the former Yugoslavia. The two countries were urged to abide by their commitments and continue negotiations with the view to normalising their bilateral relations.
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There is no evidence of much development in Durovernum until the Flavian period (69-96), after demilitarisation. It became the civitas capital of the Cantiaci (Cantii) tribes. A large religious and administrative complex was soon established at its centre, consisting of forum and basilica, temple enclosure and theatre. The theatre, originally built around AD 80, was totally rebuilt in the early 3rd century.
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The Åland Islands Peace Institute in Mariehamn, Finland, conducts projects and research into peace and conflict issues in a broadly defined sense from the vantage-point of Åland and the special status that Åland enjoys under international law. It focuses on autonomy in various forms, -minority-related issues, demilitarisation and conflict management. The Institute was founded in 1992 as an independent charitable foundation.
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In 1905 a new hospital was opened and was situated on the bank of lake Klückensee (since 1945 called Lake Klukom). The First World War had little effect on Arnswalde, but the post-war German depression damaged the tourist economy. In the framework of the demilitarisation of post-war Germany the garrison was disbanded, but in 1938 it was reinstated.
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The airport was on the frontline between the Serbs and the Bosniaks. In 1992, the mandate was extended to so-called "pink zones" controlling access to the UNPAs (UNSC Resolution 762), some border control and monitoring of civilian access to the Pink Zones (UNSC Resolution 769), and control of the demilitarisation of the Prevlaka peninsula near Dubrovnik (UNSC Resolution 779).
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However, they welcomed mediation by the UN Commission. Through its mediation, the Commission amplified and amended the Security Council Resolution, adopting two resolutions of its own, which were accepted by both India and Pakistan. Subsequently, a cease-fire was achieved by the Commission at the beginning of 1949. However, a truce was not achieved due to disagreements over the process of demilitarisation.
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The harshest clauses demanded the full demilitarisation of the Black Sea—most of Russia's most important naval facilities could no longer be used to threaten or to defend. Russia became almost powerless in both the Black Sea and the Mediterranean.Flemming Splidsboel-Hansen, "Past and Future Meet: Aleksandr Gorchakov and Russian Foreign Policy" Europe-Asia Studies 54#3 (May, 2002), pp. 377-396 at pp 379-80.
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The Svalbard Treaty (originally the Spitsbergen Treaty) recognises the sovereignty of Norway over the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard, at the time called Spitsbergen. The exercise of sovereignty is, however, subject to certain stipulations, and not all Norwegian law applies. The treaty regulates the demilitarisation of the archipelago. The signatories were given equal rights to engage in commercial activities (mainly coal mining) on the islands.
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Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Dec 2011. as a response to arguments that ordinary Iraqi citizens were inordinately affected by the international economic sanctions aimed at the demilitarisation of Saddam Hussein's Iraq, imposed in the wake of the first Gulf War. The sanctions were discontinued on 21 November 2003 after the U.S. invasion of Iraq, and the humanitarian functions turned over to the Coalition Provisional Authority.
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United Nations Security Council resolution 1093, adopted unanimously on 14 January 1997, after recalling previous resolutions on Croatia including resolutions 779 (1992), 981 (1995), 1025 (1995), 1038 (1996) and 1066 (1996), the Council authorised the United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP) to continue monitoring the demilitarisation in the Prevlaka peninsula area of Croatia until 15 July 1997. The Council noted the agreement between Presidents of Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) concerning the demilitarisation of the Prevlaka peninsula and the contribution it had made to reducing tension in the region. There was concern that violations had taken place in the designated United Nations zone, including restrictions on the freedom of movement which increased tension. On 23 August 1996 both parties signed an agreement on the normalisation of diplomatic relations between them and had committed themselves to peacefully resolve the dispute.
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United Nations Security Council resolution 1147, adopted unanimously on 13 January 1998, after recalling previous resolutions on Croatia including resolutions 779 (1992), 981 (1995), 1025 (1995), 1038 (1996), 1066 (1996), 1093 (1997) and 1119 (1997), the Council authorised the United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP) to continue monitoring the demilitarisation in the Prevlaka peninsula area of Croatia until 15 July 1998. The Council welcomed that Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) had made progress in adopting practical suggestions proposed by the United Nations military observers in May 1996 in order to reduce tension and improve safety and security in the area in addition to resolving the Prevlaka dispute. There was concern at long-standing violations of the demilitarisation regime, but noted that these had occurred less often. The presence of United Nations military observers remained essential for the negotiations.
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United Nations Security Council resolution 1335, adopted unanimously on 12 January 2001, after recalling previous resolutions on Croatia, including resolutions 779 (1992), 981 (1995), 1088 (1996), 1147 (1998), 1183 (1998), 1222 (1999), 1252 (1999), 1285 (2000), 1305 (2000) and 1307 (2000), the Council authorised the United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP) to continue monitoring the demilitarisation in the Prevlaka peninsula area of Croatia for six months until 15 July 2001. It was the first Security Council resolution adopted in 2001. The Security Council welcomed the generally calm and stable situation on the Prevlaka peninsula but remained concerned at violations of the demilitarisation regime and limitations on the freedom of movement of United Nations observers. It welcomed the opening of the crossing points between Croatia and Montenegro facilitating civilian and commercial traffic without security incidents that represented a significant confidence- building measure between the two countries.
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IRA members in South Armagh ceased co-operating with the RIRA after the Omagh bombing.Mitchell, Thomas (2009). When Peace Fails: Lessons from Belfast for the Middle East. McFarland,p. 144. After the Provisional IRA announced its intention to disarm and accept peaceful methods in July 2005, the British government announced a full demilitarisation plan which included the closing of all British Army bases in South Armagh by 2007.
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When Schröder returned to Germany in 1919, he found himself without a job, due to the forced demilitarisation and the limit placed on the number of warships in the German Navy by the Treaty of Versailles. In 1921, he was hired by the shipping company HAPAG (Hamburg- Amerikanische Paketfahrt-Aktiengesellschaft), and in 1935, was promoted to 1st officer on Hansa. In August 1936, he became master of MS Ozeana.
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The latter soon gave over his functions to Koc, in September 1918. At the same time, Koc substituted for Tadeusz Kasprzycki in the Convent of Organisation A, which was created in summer 1917, as a conspiratorial group of Piłsudski supporters. As the process of the so-called Lublin government advanced (early November 1918), German-led military councils were organized in Warsaw. Koc initiated the demilitarisation of some part of them.
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The Cameroon-Nigeria Mixed Commission is composed of the delegation of Cameroon, led by Mr. Amadou Ali, and the delegation of Nigeria, led by Prince Bola Ajibola. The commission works on many issues between the neighbouring nations, including demilitarisation of militarised zones, economic plans, plans to protect rights of both populations, and the reactivation of the Lake Chad Basin Commission. Approximately $18,000,000 USD was spent on the commission.
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United Nations Security Council resolution 1362, adopted unanimously on 11 July 2001, after recalling previous resolutions on Croatia, including resolutions 779 (1992), 981 (1995), 1088 (1996), 1147 (1998), 1183 (1998), 1222 (1999), 1252 (1999), 1285 (2000), 1307 (2000) and 1357 (2001), the Council authorised the United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP) to continue monitoring the demilitarisation in the Prevlaka peninsula area of Croatia for six months until 15 January 2002. The Security Council welcomed the generally calm and stable situation on the Prevlaka peninsula but remained concerned at violations of the demilitarisation regime and limitations on the freedom of movement of United Nations observers. It welcomed the opening of the crossing points between Croatia and Montenegro facilitating civilian and commercial traffic without security incidents that represented a significant confidence-building measure between the two countries. There was still concern at the lack of progress towards a settlement of the disputed Prevlaka peninsula issue and a demining programme.
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This marked the only civic foundation of a university in Germany; today it is one of Germany's largest. From 6 April to 17 May 1920, following military intervention to put down the Ruhr uprising, Frankfurt was occupied by French troops.Chronology: Emergence of a Modern City 1866–1945 . Retrieved 10 June 2010. The French claimed that Articles 42 to 44 of the peace treaty of Versailles concerning the demilitarisation of the Rhineland had been broken.
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Over 700 soldiers were killed during the Troubles. Following the 1994–1996 IRA ceasefires and since 1997, demilitarisation has been part of the peace process and the military presence has been reduced.Army ending its operation in NI BBC News, 31 July 2007 On 25 June 2007 the 2nd Battalion of the Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment left the army complex in Bessbrook, County Armagh, ending the longest operation in British Army history.
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The three battalions in the Brigade were redesignated to form the Royal Australian Regiment in 1947. The position of General Officer Commanding (GOC) BCOF was always filled by an Australian Army officer. While US forces were responsible for military government, BCOF was responsible for supervising demilitarisation and the disposal of Japan's war industries. BCOF was also responsible for occupation of the western prefectures of Shimane, Yamaguchi, Tottori, Okayama, Hiroshima and Shikoku Island.
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The Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali was asked about possible additional measures to stabilise the situation in Bihać. Both the Secretary-General and UNPROFOR were required to continue negotiations with the Bosnian parties concerning the demilitarisation of Sarajevo and the restoration of normal life in the city in accordance with Resolution 900 (1994). Finally, the Secretary-General was requested to report back to the Council by 1 December 1994 on the implementation of the current resolution.
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This treaty has faced criticism from many sides: Right wing parties of Bangladesh, such as the BNP, state that Bangladesh is effectively giving up territory by signing this treaty, and pro-indigenous groups complain that demands such as full autonomy, demilitarisation and the withdrawal of Bangladeshi settlers from the CHT are not being addressed. Regardless of the inherent weaknesses of this peace accord, internationally it has been seen as a breakthrough in an ethnic struggle that now spans decades.
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Prince Alexander Mikhailovich Gorchakov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Горчако́в; 15 July 179811 March 1883Приморская Троицкая пустынь. Могила Горчакова ) was a Russian diplomat and statesman from the Gorchakov princely family. He has an enduring reputation as one of the most influential and respected diplomats of the mid-19th century.Памятник Горчакову А. М. Scholars agree that the termination of the demilitarisation of the Black Sea was Gorchakov's greatest accomplishment but add that he stayed too long as foreign minister.
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The resolution welcomed steps to establish an integrated and unified brigade in Kisangani as part of an overall formation of a Congolese national army. Since the government was in place, demands for demilitarisation in Kisangani contained in Resolution 1304 (2000) would not apply to restructured and integrated forces. The government was urged to take appropriate measures for the restructuring and integration of the country’s armed forces and the international community was asked to assist in that regard.
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The ship's "B" and "Y" turrets were also removed, and several small guns of various types were installed atop "B" barbette. Two anti-aircraft guns were installed as well, but these were later removed in 1935. A high-angle director for the anti-aircraft guns was also added in place of the aft rangefinder. Over of steel from her belt armour was removed during the demilitarisation; in all, of material was removed from the ship and added.
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It urged both parties to cease violations of the demilitarisation regime, co-operate with United Nations observers and to ensure full freedom of movement to the observers. The Secretary-General Kofi Annan was requested to report to the Council by 15 October 2002. Both parties were urged to intensify efforts towards a negotiated settlement of the Prevlaka dispute; the duration of UNMOP's mandate would be reviewed if the parties informed the Council that a settlement had been reached.
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The opening of the Prussian Northern Railway to its terminus at Stralsund was finally celebrated on 1 January 1878, with the arrival of the first train from Berlin. After the demilitarisation of Stralsund, the call for a new, more modern and higher capacity station became louder. The new station was built of brick and opened to traffic on 29 March 1905. The design for the station building was prepared by the Royal Railway Directorate in Stettin (now Szczecin).
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It reiterated calls on both parties to cease violations of the demilitarisation regime, co-operate with United Nations observers and to ensure full freedom of movement to the observers. The Secretary-General Kofi Annan was requested to report to the Council on the completion of UNMOP's mandate, which would be shortened upon request from the parties. Finally, both parties were urged to intensify efforts towards a negotiated settlement of the Prevlaka dispute in accordance with their 1996 Agreement of Normalization of Relations.
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Cologne Evacuated, Time, 15 February 1926 In contrast with the harsh behaviour of the French occupation troops in Germany, the British forces were more lenient to the local population. Konrad Adenauer, the mayor of Cologne from 1917 until 1933 and later a West German chancellor, acknowledged the political impact of this approach, especially since Britain had opposed French demands for a permanent Allied occupation of the entire Rhineland. As part of the demilitarisation of the Rhineland, the city's fortifications had to be dismantled.
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Pakistan agreed to the Security Council resolution but India did not and gave no reason for its rejection. Graham then tried to make the mediation move forward and, without proposing a parallel increase of Pakistani forces, gave a proposal which would allow India to keep 21,000 troops as had been India's demand. This proposal was also unsuccessful. Dr Graham submitted a second report to the United Nations in December to recount the failure of his endeavors to achieve a demilitarisation for a plebiscite.
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The need for all parties to provide security to UNAVEM III, to respect human rights and ensure the demilitarisation of Angolan society was emphasised after the deaths of two UNAVEM III personnel on 3 April 1996. The arms embargo against the country was reaffirmed. Concern was expressed at the lack of complete quartering of UNITA's troops in accordance with Resolution 1045 (1996), and was called on to complete this, hand over weapons to UNAVEM III and release all prisoners unconditionally by June 1996.
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On 1 January 1992, the Rijkswacht/Gendarmerie lost its formal military status, resulting in major changes in policies, procedures, and staff regulation. Demilitarisation allowed the force to concentrate all its resources on civilian police work. Its military functions, as well as the supervision of the Ministry of Defence, were removed. This restructuring occurred after the 'black' 1980s of the Nijvel gang, Heysel Stadium disaster, Cellules Communistes Combattantes (CCC), and other criminal and terrorist activity, against which the Gendarmerie was deemed ineffective.
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German soldiers in Jersey The Germans did not realise that the islands had been demilitarised (news of the demilitarisation had been suppressed until 30 June 1940), and they approached them with caution. Reconnaissance flights were inconclusive. On 28 June 1940, they sent a squadron of bombers over the islands and bombed the harbours of Guernsey and Jersey. In St. Peter Port, the main town of Guernsey, some lorries lined up to load tomatoes for export to England were mistaken by the reconnaissance flights for troop carriers.
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Both Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) were urged to fully implement an agreement on the normalisation of their relations, cease violations of the demilitarisation regime, reduce tension and to ensure freedom of movement to United Nations observers. The Secretary-General Kofi Annan was asked to report by 15 April 2000 on recommendations for confidence-building measures between the two parties. Finally, the Stabilisation Force, authorised in Resolution 1088 (1996) and extended by Resolution 1247 (1999), was required to co-operate with UNMOP.
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The "Big Three": Attlee, Truman, Stalin The Potsdam Agreement () was the August 1945 agreement between three of the Allies of World War II, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Soviet Union. It concerned the military occupation and reconstruction of Germany, its borders, and the entire European Theatre of War territory. It also addressed Germany's demilitarisation, reparations and the prosecution of war criminals. Executed as a communiqué, the agreement was not a peace treaty according to international law, although it created accomplished facts.
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The parties were urged to fully implement an agreement on the normalisation of their relations, cease violations of the demilitarisation regime, reduce tension and to ensure freedom of movement to United Nations observers. The Secretary-General was requested to report to the Council on the situation by 15 October 1998 concerning progress towards a peaceful solution of the dispute between Croatia and Serbia and Montenegro. Finally, the Stabilisation Force, authorised in Resolution 1088 (1996) and extended by Resolution 1174 (1998), was required to co-operate with UNMOP.
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On 17 December the UNLF and NRM concluded talks and signed the Nairobi Peace Agreement. The accord nominally ended the war and declared Okello and Museveni President and Vice President of Uganda, respectively, and required the demilitarisation of Kampala until a new army could be established. It also carried a provision which stipulated that one belligerent could disregard the agreement if the other was found to be violating human rights. The NRM accused the UNLA of failing to respect Ugandans' rights, and the NRA continued fighting.
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Pakistan also wished to see the detailed plans of the Indian withdrawal and insisted that it should be "synchronized" with the Pakistani withdrawal. After multiple rounds of proposals for demilitarisation, which were rejected by both India and Pakistan, the Commission proposed arbitration. Pakistan accepted the proposal for arbitration, but India rejected it, saying that it was not a matter for arbitration but for "affirmative and immediate decision". India's position was that no distinction could be made between the Pakistan Army and the Azad forces.
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The Potsdam Conference held by the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States from 17 July to 2 August 1945 determined the policies that Allied-occupied Germany was to face. These included demilitarisation, denazification, democratisation and decentralisation. The Allies' attempts were often perceived by the occupied population as "victors' justice" and met with limited success. For those in the Western occupation zones, the beginning of the Cold War further undermined these policies by reviving the idea of the necessity to fight against Soviet communism, echoing one aspect of Hitler's foreign policy.
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On 26 July 1945, shortly before the end of the Second World War, Allied leaders of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Republic of China issued the Potsdam Declaration. The Declaration demanded Japan's unconditional surrender, demilitarisation and democratisation. The declaration defined the major goals of the post-surrender Allied occupation: "The Japanese government shall remove all obstacles to the revival and strengthening of democratic tendencies among the Japanese people. Freedom of speech, of religion, and of thought, as well as respect for the fundamental human rights shall be established" (Section 10).
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After the World War I ended, Danzig was turned into a free city under indirect control of the League of Nations. While technically an independent state, Danzig was also subject to Treaty of Versailles, other post-war arrangements and demilitarisation of Germany. Because of that, in 1919 former Kaiserliche Werft was banned from producing military vessels. Pending further decisions of the victorious Entente with regards to German arms industry, in October 1919 the new German government officially donated the shipyard and all of its assets to the city of Danzig.
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By 1920, the dispute had escalated to the point that there was danger of war. The British government referred the problem to the League's Council, but Finland would not let the League intervene, as they considered it an internal matter. The League created a small panel to decide if it should investigate the matter and, with an affirmative response, a neutral commission was created. In June 1921, the League announced its decision: the islands were to remain a part of Finland, but with guaranteed protection of the islanders, including demilitarisation.
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Dixon's third suggestion was to install an administrative body made up completely of representatives from the UN. Nehru disagreed with all these suggestions. Sir Owen Dixon criticized India for its negative reactions to all the demilitarization proposals. Sir Owen Dixon took India to task in very strong language for its negative reactions to the various alternative proposals for demilitarisation. Dixon next asked Nehru in the presence of the Pakistani Prime Minister whether it would be advisable to have plebiscites by region and allocate each region according to the results of a plebiscite in each.
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A spokesman for the Russian Foreign Ministry stated that the deal was on a pure commercial basis, and rejected notions that the deal may be responsible for tensions on Cyprus, whilst pointing out that Russia had proposed demilitarisation of the island. Despite objections from some quarters, Russian Foreign Minister Yevgeny Primakov stated in February 1998 that Russia was intent on delivering the missiles to the Cypriots, and noted that they are defensive weapons. After Turkish objections the missiles were transferred to Greece and never deployed on the island.
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Respect for human rights and the demilitarisation of Angolan society was important and the recovery of the Angolan economy was essential for lasting peace. The two parties were praised for the military framework agreement and the beginning of the integration of UNITA troops into the Angolan army. They had also worked on the removal of checkpoints, the re-opening of major roads and the quartering of 52,000 UNITA troops, which were all welcomed by the Council. UNITA was requested to transfer its arms and ammunition to UNAVEM III.
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Issues relating to sovereignty, civil and cultural rights, decommissioning of weapons, demilitarisation, justice and policing were central to the agreement. The agreement was approved by voters across the island of Ireland in two referendums held on 22 May 1998. In Northern Ireland, voters were asked in the 1998 Northern Ireland Good Friday Agreement referendum whether they supported the multi-party agreement. In the Republic of Ireland, voters were asked whether they would allow the state to sign the agreement and allow necessary constitutional changes (Nineteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland) to facilitate it.
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The Royal Navy is destroyed by a wonder- weapon ("fatal engines"), and an invasion force suddenly lands near Worthing, Sussex. Demilitarisation and lack of training means that the army is forced to mobilise auxiliary units from the general public, led by ineffective and inexperienced officers. The two armies converge outside Dorking, Surrey, where the British line is cut through by the advancing enemy and the survivors on the British side are forced to flee. The story ends with the conquest of Britain and its conversion into a heavily-taxed province of the invading empire.
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Therefore, in the impending demilitarisation after World War II, they were certainly be disarmed and discharged, which would probably be the best outcome and the power of these warlord would be reduced or even completely eliminated as a result. Chiang Kai-shek’s ordering them not surrendering to the communists and fighting off the communists was a savior for them because by carrying out such orders, these warlords and their troops could legitimise themselves and thus retain their power by fighting the communists who were targeted as rebels by Chiang Kai-shek and his nationalist regime.
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Philante was taken in hand by the navy on 21 September 1939 for conversion at Portsmouth,Sharp, Chapter 6 and she served as HMS Philante (some sources use the prefix "HMY" for "His Majesty's Yacht"). On 21 June 1940, Philante evacuated the Lieutenant Governor of Jersey to Portland during the demilitarisation of the Channel Islands.Hamon, p. 82 She also acted as a training vessel for the Fleet Air Arm and as a convoy escort, in which role she made seven return crossings of the Atlantic between 1941 and 1942.
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Stradun shelled during the Siege of Dubrovnik (1991) In 1991 Croatia and Slovenia, which at that time were republics within Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, declared their independence. At that event, Socialist Republic of Croatia was renamed Republic of Croatia. Despite the demilitarisation of the old town in early 1970s in an attempt to prevent it from ever becoming a casualty of war, following Croatia's independence in 1991 Yugoslavia's Yugoslav People's Army (JNA), by then composed primarily of Serbs, attacked the city. The new Croatian government set up a military outpost in the city itself.
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The 2010 Kashmir unrest was series of protests in the Muslim majority Kashmir Valley in Jammu and Kashmir which started in June 2010. These protests involved the 'Quit Jammu Kashmir Movement' launched by the Hurriyat Conference led by Syed Ali Shah Geelani and Mirwaiz Umar Farooq, who had called for the complete demilitarisation of Jammu and Kashmir. The All Parties Hurriyat Conference made this call to protest, citing human rights abuses by Indian troops. Chief Minister Omar Abdullah attributed the 2010 unrest to the fake encounter staged by the military in Machil.
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Southby joined the Royal Navy, and on 15 September 1902 was posted as a naval cadet to the pre-dreadnought battleship HMS Magnificent, flagship to the second-in-command of the Channel Fleet. The following month it was reported that he would be lent to the armoured cruiser HMS Hogue which was in the last stages of completion before her first commission in November. In 1908 and 1909 he commanded torpedo boats. In the period following the First World War, he took part in the demilitarisation of Heligoland.
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The Security Council asked its Canadian delegate, General A. G. L. McNaughton, to informally consult India and Pakistan towards a demilitarisation plan. In the course of his discussion, on 22 December 1949, McNaughton proposed that both Pakistani and Indian forces should be reduced to a minimum level, followed by the disbandment of both the Azad forces and the State forces. India proposed two far-reaching amendments, in effect rejecting the McNaughton proposals. The McNaughton proposals represented an important departure from those of the UNCIP resolutions in that they made no distinction between India and Pakistan.
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The resolution noted that the presence of UNMOP contributed greatly to maintaining conditions conducive to a settlement of the dispute. Both Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) were urged to fully implement an agreement on the normalisation of their relations, cease violations of the demilitarisation regime, reduce tension and to ensure freedom of movement to United Nations observers. The Council welcomed the resumption of discussions between the two parties. Both countries were called upon to implement confidence-building measures from Resolution 1252 and to report on the progress of their bilateral negotiations at least twice a month.
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Tengah is a planning area and future HDB town located within the West Region of Singapore. It is bounded to by Choa Chu Kang to the northeast, Jurong East and Jurong West to the south, Bukit Batok to the east and the Western Water Catchment to its west and north. Formerly a military restricted area, Tengah is currently reserved for future housing developments, making it Singapore's newest Housing and Development Board town since the development of Punggol in the 1990s. After the demilitarisation of the military training area at Tengah, the first estate, Plantation Grove, was launched in Tengah in November 2018.
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The resolution reiterated that the primary cause of the political crisis in Angola was due to the failure of UNITA to comply with its obligations under various peace agreements and Security Council resolutions. Furthermore, it demanded that it complete the demilitarisation of its forces and withdraw from territories it occupied through military means; there could be no military solution to the conflict and both parties were urged to seek a political settlement. Additionally, UNITA was urged to co-operate with MONUA in the withdrawal of MONUA personnel from Andulo and Bailundo. Law enforcement had to be strengthened and human rights respected.
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In his role as Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean, Cunningham had to negotiate with the French Admiral René-Émile Godfroy for the demilitarisation and internment of the Force X, the French squadron at Alexandria, in June 1940, following the Fall of France. Churchill had ordered Cunningham to prevent the French warships from leaving port, and to ensure that French warships did not pass into enemy hands. Stationed at the time at Alexandria, Cunningham entered into delicate negotiations with Godfroy to ensure his fleet, which consisted of the battleship Lorraine, four cruisers, three destroyers and a submarine, posed no threat.Oliver Warner p.
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His third submission to the UN in April 1952 relayed some headway on the demilitarisation question as both countries had begun withdrawing forces since March. But by the fourth report in October 1952 Graham had to inform the Security Council that the negotiations had stumbled again over the question of the size and type of forces to be permitted for both sides. The Security Council then adopted a resolution asking that the two nations hold direct talks over this question. There were talks in February 1953 in Geneva but the UN representative realised that this method would be unsuccessful.
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Goldberg said the principle of territorial integrity has two important sub-principles, there must be a withdrawal to recognized and secure frontiers for all countries, not necessarily the old armistice lines, and there must be mutuality in adjustments.Foreign Relations of the United States Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, p. 981, Document 501. The U.S. President's Special Assistant, Walt Rostow, told Israeli ambassador Harmon that he had already stressed to Foreign Minister Eban that the U.S. expected the thrust of the settlement would be toward security and demilitarisation arrangements rather than toward major changes in the armistice lines.
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The resolution welcomed that Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) were making progress in the normalisation of their relations. It urged both parties to cease violations of the demilitarisation regime, co-operate with United Nations observers and to ensure full freedom of movement to the observers. Both countries were called upon to implement confidence-building measures from Resolution 1252 and to report on the progress of their bilateral negotiations at least twice a month. Finally, the Stabilisation Force, authorised in Resolution 1088 and extended by Resolution 1357, was required to co-operate with UNMOP.
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It demanded that UNITA immediately fulfill its obligations under the Lusaka Protocol and Security Council resolutions, including full demilitarisation and the extension of state administration throughout Angola. Both the Angolan government and UNITA were urged to cease hostile propaganda, laying land mines, end forced conscription, co-operate with MONUA in its verification activities and make efforts towards national reconciliation. The government in particular was asked to ensure that the Angolan National Police refrain from activities inconsistent with the Lusaka Protocol and to respect UNITA as a political party. Finally, states were reminded to implement sanctions authorised in prior resolutions.
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After extending MONUA's mandate, the Council also decided to continue with the withdrawal of its military component in accordance with Resolution 1164 (1998). The Secretary-General Kofi Annan was asked to reconsider the additional deployment of civilian police and was also instructed to report on the situation on the ground by 7 August 1998. The resolution demanded that UNITA cease attacks on MONUA, international personnel, the Government of Unity and National Reconciliation (GURN), police and civilians. Both the GURN and UNITA had to co-operate with MONUA in the investigation of UNITA's demilitarisation and to refrain from laying mines.
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The first stage (880–910) consists of the period between the Huang Chao Rebellion and the formal end of the Tang dynasty, which saw chaotic fighting between warlords who controlled approximately one or two prefectures each. The second stage (910–950) saw the various warlords stabilise and gain enough legitimacy to proclaim new dynasties. The third stage (950–979) saw the forceful reunification of China by the Later Zhou dynasty and its successor the Song dynasty, and the demilitarisation of the provinces. Southern China, divided into several independent dynastic kingdoms, was more stable than the North which saw constant regime change.
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Expelled Kirkham vows to go nowhere Later that same year Kirkham's assistant Jon McDowell outed himself as a Special Branch agent.Branch spy at heart of rebel UDA Kirkham remains as head of Beyond Conflict and has argued that the group has undertaken eight steps towards demilitarisation, including ending paramilitary activity in his area, working with the Independent International Commission on Decommissioning and working on cultural diversity programmes.Beyond Conflict In December 2010 Kirkham gave evidence at a historical murder trial of a Catholic killed in Belfast in 1973. Kirkham was threatened with arrest if he did not appear at the trial.
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It proposed that the areas should be governed by "local authorities" under the supervision of the Commission and Indian forces would be sent only if the UN observers notified it of their necessity. This compromise was rejected by both India and Pakistan. The Commission declared its failure and submitted its final report to the Security Council on 9 December 1949. It recommended that the Commission be replaced by a single mediator; that the problem of demilitarisation be viewed as a whole without the required sequentiality of the August resolution; that the UN representatives should have the authority to settle issues by arbitration.
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The Security Council expressed its alarm at the continuing civil war in Angola and its impact on the civilian population. It reiterated that the primary cause of the crisis in Angola was the failure of UNITA, under the leadership of Jonas Savimbi, to comply with obligations under the , Lusaka Protocol and relevant Security Council resolutions. In this regard, it demanded that UNITA immediately and unconditionally complete the demilitarisation of its forces and co-operate in the extension of state authority throughout Angola. The Council noted that the measures against UNITA were intended to promote a political settlement of the conflict by restricting its ability to achieve goals through military means.
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A police component of up to 1,144 personnel was established. The Secretary-General was requested to prepare for the withdrawal of part of the military component and to draw plans for the completion of the ONUMOZ mandate by November 1994, when an elected government is in office. Timetables were also to be drawn for the withdrawal of military observers after demilitarisation had taken place and for the drawdown of military forces in the transportation corridors when the new national defence force was operational. Recent positive developments including the commencement of the assembly of troops, dismantling of paramilitary militias, the electoral law and the appointment of the National Electoral Commission, were welcomed.
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The Peruvian Army occupied Leticia, leading to an armed conflict between the two nations. After months of diplomatic negotiations, the governments accepted mediation by the League of Nations, and their representatives presented their cases before the Council. A provisional peace agreement, signed by both parties in May 1933, provided for the League to assume control of the disputed territory while bilateral negotiations proceeded. In May 1934, a final peace agreement was signed, resulting in the return of Leticia to Colombia, a formal apology from Peru for the 1932 invasion, demilitarisation of the area around Leticia, free navigation on the Amazon and Putumayo Rivers, and a pledge of non-aggression.
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The Security Council, extending MINURSO's mandate for a final time, noted that Chad would be responsible for the protection of the civilian population in eastern Chad, including humanitarian and United Nations personnel. Furthermore, it called upon Chad to take action in this regard, for example by the demilitarisation of refugee camps. The Council requested both Chad and the United Nations to assess the situation on the ground on a monthly basis. The Council decided to reduce the military component of MINURCAT to 2,200 (1,900 in Chad and 300 in the Central African Republic) with 25 military observers and a maximum of 300 police officers.
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Originally a military hospital, The Queen Alexandra (named for Alexandra of Denmark, King Edward VII's consort) was built between 1904 and 1908 to replace an earlier hospital which stood in Lion Street in Portsea, Portsmouth. The original buildings were of red brick construction, and the site was in a largely rural area, linked to Portsmouth and the surrounding villages (now suburbs) by a tram service. The demilitarisation of the hospital began in 1926 when it was handed to the Ministry of Pensions, to care for disabled ex- servicemen. The Second World War saw the first civilian patients admitted, and several temporary huts added to the site to increase capacity.
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Another reason India declined Dixon's proposals for a limited plebiscite was that India wanted to keep its own troops in Kashmir during the plebiscite, claiming they were necessary for "security reasons", but at the same time India did not want any Pakistani troops to remain. This contradicted the Dixon plan which had stipulated that neither India nor Pakistan would be permitted to retain troops in the plebiscite zone. Dixon felt that India would not agree to demilitarisation and other provisions governing the plebiscite that guard against influence and abuse. In the absence of Indian demilitarization, the Pakistanis and the Azad forces were unwilling to demilitarise the territory under their administration.
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Similar to the experience of previous UN representatives, Graham had first proposed a demilitarisation scheme which found acceptance from Pakistan but rejection from India. Thereafter, Graham gave an alternative proposal whereby both countries were to gradually reduce their forces to minimal levels and to the ratio of their presence in the state on 1 January 1949. This proposal was accepted by Pakistan but rejected by India. Dr Graham offered a fresh set of proposals on 16 July 1952. By them Pakistan would reduce its forces to a quantity between 3,000 and 6,000 and India would reduce its troops numbers to between 12,000 and 16,000.
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When Åland was incorporated into the Russian Empire in 1809 the Islands’ new rulers initiated the construction of a large fortress at Bomarsund on the eastern side of the main island. During the Crimean War French and British troops attacked and seized the fortress, and at the ensuing peace negotiations held in Paris in 1856 Åland was demilitarised through a one-sided commitment from Russia. When the League of Nations resolved the issue of Åland's constitutional affiliation in 1921 a decision was also taken to draw up an international convention. The convention, which confirmed the demilitarisation of 1856 and also neutralised Åland, was signed by ten states.
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The resolution reiterated that the primary cause of the political crisis in Angola was the failure of UNITA to comply with its obligations under peace agreements and Security Council resolutions. Furthermore, it demanded that it complete the demilitarisation of its forces and withdraw from territories it occupied through military means; there could be no military solution to the conflict and both parties were urged to seek a political settlement. After extending MONUA's mandate, the Council stated that it could be deployed as needed in accordance with the peace process. UNITA was urged to transform itself into a political party and legal authority and human rights had to be respected.
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By Canadian claims, the Croatian commander, Rahim Ademi, upon realizing that his forces could not complete their objectives, met with the Canadian commander and agreed to a ceasefire where his troops would withdraw by noon the next day. According to Croatian version of events, Canadians started moving forward towards Croatian positions, while still having Serb troops right behind their back. The Croatian side interpreted this Canadian move as their non-completing of first phase of the agreement, which among other things included demilitarisation of area around Serb-held positions. At the same time, Serb forces located to the rear of the Canadians sniped Croatian positions; nevertheless, the order was issued not to open fire on UNPROFOR.
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The Council recognised that measures against UNITA were due to come into effect, and asked Member States to report to the Committee established in Resolution 864 (1993) on measures they had taken to enforce the restrictions. The Security Council reiterated its stance that a meeting between the President of Angola José Eduardo dos Santos and the leader of UNITA Jonas Savimbi could reduce the tension. Finally, the international community was asked to support the process in Angola, including the demilitarisation and reintegration of combatants, demining, housing displaced persons and the recovery of the economy. In the aftermath of the resolution, UNITA severed almost all contact with the United Nations and Angolan government.
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The organization was formed from primarily post World War I army engineering/technical unit members, and transitioned into a volunteer civilian organisation which was registered by the Department of the Interior. The change was required by the demilitarisation requirements of the Treaty of Versailles, in order that the TN would not be classified as a military organization. Based on the nature of its operations, the background of its personnel was mainly conservative middle class, but included a large number of students, especially those in technical studies. In the Weimar Republic period, the TN was seen as a threat by the working class and thus aroused the animosity of trade unionists, and more particularly the Communist Party of Germany.
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Faith Groups, anti-Nazi and anti-racist groups, international support groups, etc. The TOM provided a resource for people who wanted to learn about Britain's role in Ireland, including public meetings, conferences, concerts, a UK-wide branch meeting structure, frequent demonstrations and protests in every major UK city, annual and other delegations to Northern Ireland, managed visits to Ireland, publications, etc. Notably TOM organised "Black Flag" protests on the day every Hunger Striker died. By the 1990s TOM recognised both the value and limitations of the Good Friday Agreement; endorsing the issues of justice, policing, equality, demilitarisation, employment discrimination, cultural rights and the Irish language, while also highlighting sectarian attacks on nationalist communities from loyalist paramilitaries.
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The First Republic of Armenia, with the western borders defined by US President Woodrow Wilson Armenia was recognised as an established state in Section VI "Armenia", Articles 88-93. By Article 89, "Turkey and Armenia, as well as the other High Contracting Parties agree to submit to the arbitration of the President of the United States of America the question of the frontier to be fixed between Turkey and Armenia in the vilayets of Erzerum, Trebizond, Van and Bitlis, and to accept his decision thereupon, as well as any stipulations he may prescribe as to access for Armenia to the sea, and as to the demilitarisation of any portion of Turkish territory adjacent to the said frontier".
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Possible causes include: human error during the work such as lighting a cigarette or damaging a fuse, improper storage of the ammunition, employment of untrained workers without the proper technical knowledge, violation of the technical security rules in the area where the destruction of ammunition took place, and sabotage. Although existing technologies were employed and adapted for the operations at Gerdec, the techniques of ammunition disposal being used at the time were, and still are (in 2010), new technologies in this field. An error was made by engineers who designed the machinery the demilitarisation company and associates employed on the project. A fundamental design assumption made early in the design process rendered the basic machinery potentially lethal.
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On 1 August 2019, following several months of intense fighting between government and rebel forces, the Syrian Government announced a unilateral truce, conditional on rebels' fulfilment of the original 2018 demilitarisation terms. Most rebel groups reportedly accepted the offer. Shortly after the truce went into effect, however, Hayat Tahrir al-Sham declared that they would categorically refuse to leave any region under their control at that time, which was a core demand of both the original agreement and the conditional ceasefire. A day later, the government announced the end of the ceasefire and a resumption of military operations, citing the refusal of rebel groups to withdraw from the zone as the reason for the truce's failure.
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There was still concern at the lack of progress towards a settlement of the disputed Prevlaka peninsula issue and a demining programme. The resolution noted that the presence of UNMOP contributed greatly to maintaining conditions conducive to a settlement of the dispute. Both Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) were urged to fully implement an agreement on the normalisation of their relations, cease violations of the demilitarisation regime, reduce tension and to ensure freedom of movement to United Nations observers. Both countries were called upon to implement confidence-building measures from Resolution 1252 and the Secretary-General Kofi Annan was asked to report by 15 April 2001 on progress made with these issues.
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The Security Council noted that all parties had generally respected the Lusaka Ceasefire Agreement but remained concerned at the continuing hostilities in the east of the country. It welcomed the withdrawal of Namibian forces as a positive step towards the withdrawal of all foreign forces, with remaining contingents asked to leave in accordance with Resolution 1304 (2000). The Council demanded the full demilitarisation of Kisangani which was occupied by the RCD-Goma and welcomed the deployment of MONUC personnel to the city for police training purposes. The resolution supported dialogue between Congolese parties and at the same time expressed concern at human rights violations, the humanitarian situation and economic difficulties, and condemned the illegal exploitation of natural resources in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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The UNPROFOR was tasked with demilitarisation of the UNPAs, ceasefire maintenance, monitoring of local police and creating conditions for return of internally displaced persons and refugees. Those comprised more than 300,000 Croats who were exiled from the RSK-controlled territory, and 20,000 Serbs who fled the areas of western Slavonia captured by the Croatian Army (Hrvatska vojska – HV) in Operations Swath-10, Papuk-91 and Hurricane-91 in late 1991. A part of western Slavonia, encompassing an area extending approximately , was designated as the UNPA of Western Slavonia or Sector West by the peace plan. Unlike other UNPAs, the RSK controlled only a part of the area—approximately a third of the UNPA located in the south—centred on the town of Okučani.
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There was no armed resistance movement in the Channel Islands. This has been ascribed to a range of factors including the demilitarisation of the Islands by the British government in 1940, the physical separation of the islands, the density of troops (up to one German for every two islanders), the small size of the islands precluding any hiding places for resistance groups, and the absence of the Gestapo from the occupying forces. Moreover, much of the population of military age had already joined the British or French armed forces. Minor acts of sabotage, such as cutting a telephone wire, which could be repaired in an hour, would result in collective punishment with men in the area required to stand guard duty for several nights.
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1996-2000 parliamentary profile; accessed August 23, 2010 This was followed over the next two years by two ministerial stints: Justice under Roman and Interior under Stolojan. Petre Roman Government; accessed August 24, 2010 Theodor Stolojan Government; accessed August 24, 2010 It was during his time at the Interior Ministry that debates about its demilitarisation began. Meanwhile, in 1992 he became university professor, teaching international commercial law, and the following year he became president of the commercial arbitration court within the Defense Ministry. Joining the new Democratic Party, he returned to the Chamber in 1992, where he was on the defense, public order and national security committee (1992), and president of the committee for investigating abuses, corruption and for petitions (1992–1996).
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The French claimed that Articles 42 to 44 of the peace treaty of Versailles concerning the demilitarisation of the Rhineland had been broken. These had designated a neutral zone 50 kilometres deep on the left bank of the Rhine. In this area any construction of fortifications or any military maneuvers were strictly forbidden, it being further specified that any breach would "be regarded as committing a hostile act against the Powers signatory of the present Treaty and as calculated to disturb the peace of the world." When the German Army sent 7,000 troops into the areas north of the River Lippe, the French government concluded that this was a breach of the treaty, and promptly responded by sending their own troops into the Neutral Zone.
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In June 2014, the FLNC-UC announced the cessation of the armed struggle, stating that the Front has "decided to engage unilaterally in a process of demilitarisation and a progressive exit from clandestinity." On 3 May 2016, the FLNC-22 announced that they will "end military operations" by October 2016, following the lead of the FLNC-UC, in order to allow the island’s new assembly, led by nationalists, "to fulfil its mandate calmly"."Corsican separatists to end military campaign", EuroNews, 3 May 2016 In July 2016, FLNC-22 warned of a "determined response, without any qualms" for any jihadist attack in Corsica. Despite the official cessation of hostilities in 2014, a number of attacks took place in the 2010s, most likely conducted by small splinter groups.
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Brigadier-General Paul Legentilhomme, in command of British as well as French forces since the outbreak of war obstructed the enforcement of the Armistice of Villa Incisa and continued to co-operate with the British. On 27 July, the terms of the armistice pertaining to French Somaliland were discovered by the British to be the demilitarisation of the colony and free Italian access to the port and the French part of the Addis Ababa railway. When the governor, Hubert Deschamps said that he would obey instructions from the Vichy regime, Legentilhomme threatened to use force to prevent him. When the local Italian armistice commission tried to make contact, Legentilhomme assured Cairo that he would play for time but anticipated that the Italians would attack.
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United Nations Security Council resolution 982, adopted unanimously on 31 March 1995, after reaffirming all resolutions on the situation in the former Yugoslavia in particular Resolution 947 (1994) concerning the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR), the Council extended the mandate of UNPROFOR for additional period terminating 30 November 1995 and discussed operations in Croatia. The Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina had accepted the Contact Group peace plan and the parties in the country were observing a ceasefire agreement. The Council was encouraged by UNPROFOR's efforts to assist in the implementation of the Washington agreements. The importance of the city of Sarajevo as the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina and as a multicultural, multiethnic, and religious centre was reiterated, and that the agreement on demilitarisation of the city would have a positive effect.
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The Troops Out Movement (TOM) is an organisation formed in the UK in 1973 following the attacks by the British Army on the minority Catholic/Nationalist populations, particularly the murders of unarmed civilians in Derry and Belfast by British paratroopers. The single aims were to secure the withdrawal of British troops from Ireland and self-determination for the Irish people as a whole. This required other demands such as the demilitarisation of the local police and paramilitary police support (the B Specials) as well as opposition to UK Government policies that maintained discrimination against Catholic people in areas such as elections, housing, education, cultural pursuits, jobs and social welfare. This led TOM to seek partnerships and joint working with like-minded organisations in the UK, Ireland and internationally.
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United Nations Security Council resolution 1213, adopted unanimously on 3 December 1998, after reaffirming Resolution 696 (1991) and all subsequent resolutions on Angola, including resolutions 846 (1993), 1127 (1997) and 1173 (1998), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Observer Mission in Angola (MONUA) for a final time until 26 February 1999. The Security Council condemned the failure of UNITA to implement the remaining tasks of the Lusaka Protocol including the demilitarisation of its forces and the extension of state administration throughout the country. It was concerned that the leader of UNITA, Jonas Savimbi, had not responded to proposals for the restoration of the peace process by the Special Representative of the Secretary-General. There was a serious humanitarian impact brought about by the impasse in the peace process which had consequences on the security of the country.
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It was probably Constantine in 312 who transformed the agens vices prefectorum praetorio of Rome, which had been the commander of the troops stationed in the City when the Praetorian Prefect was absent since the Severan period, into the civil vicar of Italia Suburbicaria, as partof his demilitarisation of the City after his victory over Maxentius. Thus, under Constantine, the diocese of Italia was split into the two vicariates of Italia Suburbicaria in the south and Italia Annonaria in the north, under the administration of the vicarius urbis Romae and the vicarius Italiae respectively. Italia Suburbicaria and Italia Annonaria were not de jure dioceses, but vicariates within a single Italian diocese, as the Laterculus Veronensis and the Notitia Dignitatum show. Constantine I also divided the diocese of Moesia into the dioceses of Dacia and Macedonia in 327.
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United Nations Security Council resolution 1387, adopted unanimously on 15 January 2002, after recalling previous resolutions on Croatia, including resolutions 779 (1992), 981 (1995), 1088 (1996), 1147 (1998), 1183 (1998), 1222 (1999), 1252 (1999), 1285 (2000), 1307 (2000), 1357 (2001) and 1362 (2001), the Council authorised the United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP) to continue monitoring the demilitarisation in the Prevlaka peninsula area of Croatia for six months until 15 July 2002. It was the first Security Council resolution adopted in 2002. The Security Council welcomed the calm and stable situation on the Prevlaka peninsula and was encouraged to learn that both Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia had agreed to establish a Border Commission. It noted that the presence of UNMOP contributed greatly to maintaining conditions conducive to a settlement of the dispute.
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In 2016, at age 19, he became member of the International Peace Bureau, and was invited to participate in the IPB World Congress 'Disarm for a Climate of Peace' between September 30 to October 2, 2016 in Berlin, Germany. There, he, along with 31 other young people from 25 countries who participated in the congress, founded the International Peace Bureau Youth Network (IPBYN). In 2018, the IPB Youth Network began to prepare pre-conferences for young people in different countries of the world, before its world youth conference 'Transform' in Berlin, 2019; where Cardona is one of the speakers. That year he met with Argentine pianist and president of Humanity United for Universal Demilitarisation (HUFUD), Alberto Portugheis, with whom he organised the first IPBYN pre-conference in Europe, on September 15, 2018 at Rudolf Steiner House in London, England.
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The final agreement, signed in Nairobi, called for a ceasefire, demilitarisation of Kampala, integration of the NRA and government forces, and absorption of the NRA leadership into the Military Council."Kampala troops flee guerrilla attacks", The Times, 23 January 1986 These conditions were never met, however, and the ceasefire broke down almost immediately. Article 17(c) of the agreement called for the establishment of a commission of inquiry into human rights violations in Uganda since independence. This provided a clear disincentive for the UNLA to implement the peace plan, as it was likely that many of its leaders would be implicated in the abuses that had occurred during Obote II. The UNLA was also dismayed by article 7, which prescribed a national army numbering less than 8,500 troops with consequent unemployment for a large percentage of its 15,000 men.
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It was also asked to supervise the destruction of confiscated weapons and ammunition. The Central African authorities were urged to implement the following policies: :(a) adopt draft laws and decrees regarding national defence and the structure of defence forces by 15 April 1999; :(b) limit the mission of FORSDIR to the protection of those Institutions and of high-level authorities; :(c) continue to support the demilitarisation and reintegration programme of the UNDP; :(d) to establish an implementation programme to restructure the FACA, including geographical and multi-ethnic recruitment and improved working conditions, by 1 April 1999. The authorities were also asked to refrain from intervening in foreign conflicts, and that economic recovery and reconstruction were its main priorities. Finally, the Secretary-General Kofi Annan was requested to examine the role of the United Nations in the country after the MINURCA peacekeeping mission had left.
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United Nations Security Council resolution 1195, adopted unanimously on 15 September 1998, after reaffirming Resolution 696 (1991) and all subsequent resolutions on Angola, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Observer Mission in Angola (MONUA) for a month until 15 October 1998. The Security Council stated that the current impasse in the peace process was due to the failure of UNITA to comply with its obligations under the Acordos de Paz, Lusaka Protocol and relevant Security Council resolutions, and demanded that it immediately comply, particularly with regard to the demilitarisation of its forces and extension of state authority throughout the country. Furthermore, it demanded that UNITA leave areas it had occupied through military means and transform itself into a political party. The Government of Angola was urged to reconsider its decision to suspend members of UNITA from the Government of Unity and National Reconciliation (GURN).
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United Nations Security Council resolution 1437, adopted unanimously on 11 October 2002, after recalling previous resolutions on Croatia, including resolutions 779 (1992), 981 (1995), 1088 (1996), 1147 (1998), 1183 (1998), 1222 (1999), 1252 (1999), 1285 (2000), 1307 (2000), 1357 (2001), 1362 (2001), 1387 (2002) and 1424 (2002), the Council authorised the United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP) to continue monitoring the demilitarisation in the Prevlaka peninsula area of Croatia for a final two months until 15 December 2002. The Security Council welcomed the calm and stable situation on the Prevlaka peninsula. It noted that the presence of UNMOP contributed greatly to maintaining conditions conducive to a settlement of the dispute and welcomed that Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) were making progress in the normalisation of their relations. Extending UNMOP's mandate for a final time, the Secretary-General Kofi Annan was asked to make preparations for its termination including a reduction in its size and adjusting its activities.
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United Nations Security Council resolution 1424, adopted unanimously on 12 July 2002, after recalling previous resolutions on Croatia, including resolutions 779 (1992), 981 (1995), 1088 (1996), 1147 (1998), 1183 (1998), 1222 (1999), 1252 (1999), 1285 (2000), 1307 (2000), 1357 (2001), 1362 (2001) and 1387 (2002), the Council authorised the United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP) to continue monitoring the demilitarisation in the Prevlaka peninsula area of Croatia for three months until 15 October 2002. The Security Council welcomed the calm and stable situation on the Prevlaka peninsula and was encouraged to learn that both Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia had agreed to establish a Border Commission. It noted that the presence of UNMOP contributed greatly to maintaining conditions conducive to a settlement of the dispute. The resolution welcomed that Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) were making progress in the normalisation of their relations.
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The 1817 Rush–Bagot Treaty between the United States and the United Kingdom was the first arms control treaty of what can be considered the modern industrial era, leading to the demilitarization of the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain region of North America. This was followed by the 1871 Treaty of Washington which led to total demilitarisation. The industrial revolution led to the increasing mechanisation of warfare, as well as rapid advances in the development of firearms; the increased potential of devastation (which was later seen in the battlefields of World War I) led to Tsar Nicholas II of Russia calling together the leaders of 26 nations for the First Hague Conference in 1899. The Conference led to the signing of the Hague Convention of 1899 that led to rules of declaring and conducting warfare as well as the use of modern weaponry, and also led to the setting up of the Permanent Court of Arbitration.
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The Muslim dominated Kashmir Valley (shown in orange boundary) was the area which saw most of the strikes, protests and stone pelting riots. The 2010 Kashmir unrest was a series of violent protests and riots in the Kashmir Valley which started in June 2010 after the Indian Army claimed to have killed three "Pakistani infiltrators" in which a soldier of the Territorial Army, a counter-insurgent and a former special police officer had found three young men from their Nadihal village in Baramulla district and killed them in a staged encounter at Sona Pindi. The protests occurred in a movement launched by Hurriyat Conference led by Syed Ali Shah Geelani and Mirwaiz Umar Farooq in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir in June 2010, who called for the complete demilitarisation of Jammu and Kashmir. The All Parties Hurriyat Conference made this call to a strike, citing human rights abuses by security forces.
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In St Peter Port, the main town of Guernsey, some lorries lined up to load tomatoes for export to England were mistaken by the reconnaissance for troop carriers. Forty-four islanders were killed in the raids. The BBC then broadcast the message that the islands had been declared "open towns", after Prime Minister Winston Churchill refused to announce the demilitarisation through diplomatic channels, and later in the day reported the German bombing of the island. The Second World War saw the town also bombed by Allied bombers which killed harbour workers and caused damage to the harbour, such as on 14 June 1944, having been identified by Cryptanalysis of the Enigma intercepts, which was confirmed with a solo photographic reconnaissance Spitfire from No. 541 Squadron RAF, German submarine U-275 was attacked by no less than 8 Hawker Typhoon strike attack aircraft of No. 263 Squadron RAF while tied up in harbour.
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United Nations Security Council resolution 1157, adopted unanimously on 20 March 1998, after reaffirming Resolution 696 (1991) and all subsequent resolutions on Angola, the Council increased the number of civilian police monitors by up to 83 personnel to assist both the Angolan government and UNITA resolve issues in the peace process and reduced the military component of the United Nations Observer Mission in Angola (MONUA). The preamble of the resolution deplored the failure of UNITA to complete its tasks under the Lusaka Protocol and noted declarations by UNITA concerning the complete demilitarisation of its forces and of the Government of Unity and National Reconciliation (GURN) legalising UNITA as a political party. The Security Council demanded that the GURN and particularly UNITA unconditionally complete the remaining tasks under the Acordos de Paz, Lusaka Protocol and Security Coubcil resolutions and end its delays. All countries were reminded to continue observing the restrictions imposed in Resolution 1127 (1997) and report violations to the Committee established in Resolution 864 (1993).
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Articles 13 and 14 specified the date of surrender and the languages of the definitive texts. The Yalta Conference in February 1945 led to a further development of the terms of surrender, as it was agreed that administration of post-war Germany would be split into four occupation zones for Britain, France, the United States and the Soviet Union respectively. In addition, but separately, it was agreed at Yalta that an additional clause 12a would be added to the July 1944 surrender text; that the Allied Representatives "will take such steps, including the complete disarmament, demilitarisation and dismemberment of Germany as they deem requisite for future peace and security." France, however, was not party to the Yalta agreement and refused to recognise it, which created a diplomatic problem as formal inclusion of the additional clause in the EAC text would inevitably create a French demand for equal representation in any dismemberment decisions.
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General Charles de Gaulle's appeal of 18 June for French officers and soldiers to ignore the impending Franco-Italian armistice was itself ignored by most officers in Somaliland, only Legentilhomme himself was in favour of siding with De Gaulle and "Fighting France". On 25 June the Armistice of Villa Incisa came into effect, ending the war between Italy and France. It called for the demilitarisation of Somaliland "for the duration of hostilities between Italy and the British Empire," and granted Italy "full and constant right to use the port of Djibouti with all its equipment, together with the French section of the railway, for all kinds of transport" (article 3). The location for the surrender of "all movable arms and ammunition, together with those to be given up to the troops effecting the evacuation of the territory ... within 15 days" (article 5), the procedures for demobilisation and disarmament of French forces (article 9) and the conditions of wireless communication between France and the colonies (article 19) were left to an Italian Armistice Control Commission.
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United Nations Security Council resolution 1119, adopted unanimously on 14 July 1997, after recalling previous resolutions on Croatia including resolutions 779 (1992), 981 (1995), 1025 (1995), 1038 (1996), 1066 (1996) and 1093 (1997), the Council authorised the United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP) to continue monitoring the demilitarisation in the Prevlaka peninsula area of Croatia until 15 January 1998. The Council was concerned that Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) had failed to make progress in adopting practical suggestions proposed by the United Nations military observers in May 1996 in order to reduce tension and improve safety and security in the area in addition to resolving the Prevlaka dispute. The parties were urged to fully implement an agreement on the normalisation of their relations, to refrain from violence, ensure freedom of movement to United Nations observers and remove land mines. The Secretary- General Kofi Annan was requested to report to the Council on the situation by 5 January 1998 concerning progress towards a peaceful solution of the dispute between the two countries.
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The group demanded a demilitarised zone including two towns (Florida and Pradera) in the strategic region of Valle del Cauca, where much of the current military action against them has taken place; this region is also an important way of transporting drugs to the Pacific coast. This demand was rejected by the Colombian government based on previous experience during the 2002 peace talks. On 2 December 2004, the government announced the pardon of 23 FARC–EP prisoners, to encourage a reciprocal move. The prisoners to be released were all of low rank and had promised not to rejoin the armed struggle. In November 2004, the FARC–EP had rejected a proposal to hand over 59 of its captives in exchange for 50 guerrillas imprisoned by the government. In a communique dated 28 November but released publicly on 3 December, the FARC-EP declared that they were no longer insisting on the demilitarisation of San Vicente del Caguán and Cartagena del Chairá as a precondition for the negotiation of the prisoner exchange, but instead that of Florida and Pradera in the Valle department.
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The resolution expressed the Council's determination to enhance the effectiveness of the United Nations in preventing armed conflict, by: :(a) assessing developments in regions at risk of armed conflict and ask the Secretary-General to provide information; :(b) follow-up the preventative- diplomacy initiatives of the Secretary-General; :(c) supporting regional mediation initiatives; :(d) supporting capacities for early warning; :(e) requesting assistance from the United Nations Economic and Social Council; :(f) taking measures to tackle illicit arms trafficking and the use of mercenaries; :(g) enhancing institutions conducive to peace, stability and sustainable development; :(h) supporting African states to build independent judicial institutions. Meanwhile, the Secretary-General was required to provide information on potential armed conflicts to the Council, particularly from Africa, assist countries at risk of conflict and promote regional conflict management initiatives. The Council stressed the importance of conflict prevention strategies to avoid a negative impact on security, economic, social, political and humanitarian sectors in countries facing crisis. A regional approach was also highlighted, particularly with regard to demobilisation, demilitarisation and reintegration, and action would be taken against the illegal exploitation of natural resources which fuelled conflict.
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However, India insisted that no referendum could occur until all of the state had been cleared of irregulars. On 5 January 1949, UNCIP (United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan) resolution stated that the question of the accession of the State of Jammu and Kashmir to India or Pakistan will be decided through a free and impartial plebiscite. As per the 1948 and 1949 UNCIP Resolutions, both countries accepted the principle, that Pakistan secures the withdrawal of Pakistani intruders followed by withdrawal of Pakistani and Indian forces, as a basis for the formulation of a Truce agreement whose details are to be arrived in future, followed by a plebiscite; However, both countries failed to arrive at a Truce agreement due to differences in interpretation of the procedure for and extent of demilitarisation one of them being whether the Azad Kashmiri army of Pakistan is to be disbanded during the truce stage or the plebiscite stage. In the last days of 1948, a ceasefire was agreed under UN auspices; however, since the plebiscite demanded by the UN was never conducted, relations between India and Pakistan soured, and eventually led to three more wars over Kashmir in 1965, 1971 and 1999.
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The Troubles, which impacted on Northern Ireland and border areas of the Republic from 1969 onwards saw the area remain relatively quiet but with frequent British Army patrols, checkpoints, and Helicopter activity. The most significant event relating directly to the townland which was to occur during the troubles was probably an attack on a military helicopter en route from Crossmaglen to Bessbrook in June 1988, and which Harden records as follows: A Westland Lynx similar to that fired upon from Aughanduff (upper) mountain in 1988 The impact of the Troubles lessened during the early stages of the Northern Ireland Peace Process, and especially following the demilitarisation of the South-Armagh region. The Troubles are widely seen to have ended with the 1998 Good Friday Agreement, but not definitively so until the deadly Omagh bombing of August that year, which saw 29 people killed. A minor connection between the area and that tragedy was that one of the two telephone warnings made by the Real IRA with respect to that attack was made from the BT telephone box at McGeough's crossroads in the south of the district, where the Aughanduff Road meets that running from Newry to Crossmaglen.
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