First, to review the Selective Service System, which requires all males ages 18 to 25 to register for possible conscription into the U.S. armed forces if Congress and the president deem conscription necessary.
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Sexual orientation is not a valid reason to avoid conscription.
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Serbian politicians have repeatedly floated the idea of reintroducing conscription.
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It also said that evading conscription would remain a crime.
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Women are exempt from conscription but may choose to enlist.
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Reality, in the form of military conscription, interrupts this paradise.
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The 'little digger' was campaigning for conscription at that time.
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But there are no signs that Issaias will end conscription entirely.
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Every year a sizable minority try to get out of conscription.
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The UN likened its system of indefinite conscription to mass enslavement.
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Assad's opponents accused the government of mass arrests and forced conscription.
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Thus, conscription for so vast an evil as war is wrong.
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Language, in that way, holds the possibility of transcendence and conscription.
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Attempts to dodge the draft resulted in forced conscription or imprisonment.
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And yet those Jews were victims of pogroms and forced conscription.
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Instead they waged a miniature guerrilla war against conscription officers and pillagers.
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The country has also reinstated military conscription, which was abolished in 2008.
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The threat of conscription is the biggest factor driving young people away.
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A return to conscription may be a political and social non-starter.
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The issue of unequal conscription has long roiled Israeli society and politics.
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The government did not find proof of conscription, according to court documents.
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Conscription drives thousands, including many unaccompanied children, to leave the country each year.
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This cuddlier sort of conscription is already popular in Scandinavia, and growing elsewhere.
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Since Russia grabbed Crimea, Lithuania has brought back conscription (Estonia has it, too).
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In addition to conscription, the Islamists are confiscating houses and levying new taxes.
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There were riots and assassinations and, in America, conscription into an unpopular war.
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This will be the first time women are included in the conscription process.
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As the war in Vietnam wound down, conscription was officially ended in 19883.
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In 2015, the Lithuanian president reintroduced conscription in the face of growing Russian aggression.
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Age limits are understandable if the purpose of conscription is to repel marauding Russians.
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They might have appealed in times of frequent inter-state wars and mass conscription.
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The couple married in 1995 in Eritrea, where military conscription is mandatory and indefinite.
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Nonetheless, Eritrea had long used the border stalemate as the reason for indefinite conscription.
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Conscription requirements are based on a combination of height, education and body mass index.
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He has deferred conscription into the Syrian Army by staying enrolled in a university.
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German authorities are also considering whether the country should re-introduce conscription, abolished in 2011.
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So why do countries with "socially cohesive" conscription not impose it on their entire population?
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Kurdistan's farming industry has been hit by the conscription of peasants into the security forces.
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Lithuania also reintroduced conscription in 2015, while Estonia has had the draft since the 1990s.
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He also oversaw the widespread conscription of child soldiers, and personally killed a Catholic priest.
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They don't believe women should be subject to conscription in a national emergency or war.
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Many of the men are fleeing the threat of conscription into Bashar al-Assad's army.
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When the day of his conscription came, he arranged with police to hand himself over.
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As a metaphor, "weaponization" creates paranoia and the impression that nothing is immune from conscription.
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He called for ending conscription and reducing the military budget and the number of generals.
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Some small countries with menacing neighbours, like Sweden and Lithuania, are resuming conscription for defensive purposes.
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Demobilisation, as well as winding down Eritrea's controversial national conscription, might prove fatal to his rule.
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Its government has long faced criticism by human rights advocates over its harsh military conscription laws.
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Money is even tighter because Taiwan is scrapping conscription and shifting to an all-volunteer force.
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The deal includes a six-month reprieve for those wanted for military conscription, negotiators told Reuters.
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Two months later, when Congress passed the Selective Service Act, conscription was extended to the Island.
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During this time, Eritrea's president used the simmering conflict to institute mandatory and indefinite military conscription.
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Many young Syrians have fled abroad, either in search of work or to avoid military conscription.
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Political infighting hamstrung the Confederate war effort at times, most notably in the area of conscription.
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Conscription can also mean serving in the south, where Muslim Malay separatists are fighting an insurgency.
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Conscription, not patriotism, encouraged many of us to take control of our own fate by volunteering.
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TO DEFEND THEIR independence the Swiss have mountains, conscription and a fierce sense of self-reliance.
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Young men of conscription age will be required to join the armed forces for military service.
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The government has yet to say whether an old 18-month limit on conscription will be restored.
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Nixon wasn't the first political leader to voice concern about conscription, but once in office, he acted.
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Tens of thousands have fled the country by traveling treacherous migration routes to escape the forced conscription.
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The Selective Service system maintains contact information for Americans who may potentially be subject to military conscription.
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Conscription into Canada's army threatened to take away more players, while forcing others into essential war work.
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The permanent militarization initiated by conscription has distorted and deformed our democracy, both at home and abroad.
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Should any formal conscription mandate be adopted, first and foremost must be a solution to this conundrum.
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Others say the situation is not safe or fear arrest or conscription by Mr. Assad's security forces.
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Some advocated a form of "eco-conscription", that is, a youth national service to combat climate change.
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Germany now also wants to reinstate military conscription and there are even voices advocating Germany's nuclear armament.
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Hunger and fighting were prevalent and forced conscription into militia forces was a constant threat, he said.
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Unlike Lithuania and Estonia, however, it has resisted making military service mandatory, calling conscription too expensive and difficult.
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In recent weeks residents of Asmara have woken up to fresh graffiti calling for an end to conscription.
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The Selective Service system maintains contact information for young Americans who could be potentially subject to military conscription.
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The choice is whether that conscription is fair and legal—or an undue burden that will undermine security.
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The Selective Service system maintains contact information for young Americans that would be potentially subject to military conscription.
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The men living in the camp say if they leave, they face conscription to the military or worse.
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This contradiction alerted him to an idea, which he wanted to develop, that if conscription means everyone—i.e.
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This would require a vast conscription of state and local law enforcement against people who pose no threat.
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The corps includes a handful of K-pop celebrities whose prime performing years fall within the conscription window.
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Sweden has also been ramping up its military power, and is reintroducing conscription, following years of military cutbacks.
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But Germany's history of militarism and conscription of the people of conquered nations makes the idea particularly delicate.
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In a 2015 survey, 60 percent of respondents agreed that conscription should be reinstated to enhance military strength.
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For all of them, fear of arrest, conscription or summary execution added to the daily terror of bombardment.
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During the war, conscription spawned loud opposition in Quebec and returning Québécois servicemen didn't always receive their due.
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Ma, the researcher, believes that the conflict won't be resolved as long as South Korea has military conscription.
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In 2015, Lithuania announced that it would reintroduce conscription for men between the ages of 19 and 26.
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He said he feared she would face a life of permanent conscription if she remained in the country.
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During this time, millions of Koreans suffered under military rule, forced labor, and forced conscription into Japan's armed forces.
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Conscription will begin in July, and in the following two years 22010,22015 draftees a year are expected to serve.
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In Sweden, there's been a blowback to such an extent that Sweden has now introduced conscription, among other things.
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For the first time it is enforcing military conscription on men between 20 and 30 in Deir ez-Zor.
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Protesters carrying placards have accused Kurdish officials of discrimination and want an end to forcible conscription of Arab youths.
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South Korea is one the few countries in the world that has compulsory conscription for all able-bodied men.
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The Russian military still relies on conscription and is still a nightmare of poor training, hazing and dodgy equipment.
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Israel's army, the IDFPerhaps unsurprisingly, conscription into the army of the region's only democracy is a tough learning curve.
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Sweden, which is a militarily neutral country and not a member of NATO, mothballed compulsory conscription back in 2010.
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P.G., which have recruited child soldiers, intimidated dissidents, altered the demography and forced conscription in areas under their control.
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Once rebel-held territory has fallen back into Assad's control, those who lived there often face arrest, conscription, torture.
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But there has been no conscription since 1973, when the draft was abolished after opposition to fighting in Vietnam.
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The Eritrean leadership's brutality is particularly evident in its enslavement of up to 400,000 people, primarily through military conscription.
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As we waited for the office to open, he lamented Eritrea's ravaged economy and the open-ended conscription program.
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Thousands of Eritreans flee their small Horn of Africa country every year, citing political repression and lengthy military conscription.
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A three-year stint of military service was mandatory, and to emigrate, boys of conscription age had to get permission.
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Ruled by a former Marxist guerrilla leader since its independence from Ethiopia, Eritrea sees conscription as crucial to its security.
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About 5,000 refugees flee Eritrea each month to escape poverty, political persecution and the prospect of potentially indefinite military conscription.
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Civilians have the "option" to leave alongside rebel fighters or to risk torture, arrest, and conscription in regime-held areas.
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Though the text makes military conscription "compulsory," it was interpreted in 2001 in such a way as to abolish it.
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Many fear conscription, arrest or torture by the government if they return, as well as violence by other armed factions.
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His father, a rich textile merchant, wants to shield his 19-year-old firstborn from conscription in the Turkish Army.
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The issue of military conscription is likely to put secular and ultra-Orthodox parties in his coalition immediately at odds.
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The ultra-Orthodox parties adamantly oppose a conscription bill and will not support a government that plans to pass it.
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Draft calls were now steadily shrinking as air power replaced ground troops, and military conscription would soon be gutted altogether.
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South Korea, which does not permit same-sex marriage, does not consider sexual orientation a valid reason to avoid conscription.
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A controversial form of selective conscription was sending 21970-year-old men, too young to vote, to fight in Vietnam.
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A CNN/ORC poll conducted 11 years later in 2017 similarly gauged just 20% support for a return to conscription.
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Eritrea, ruled by a former Marxist guerrilla leader since its independence from Ethiopia, sees conscription as crucial to its security.
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Meanwhile, Lithuania has reintroduced conscription and issued citizens a manual advising what to do in the event of a Russian invasion.
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Among the Arabs demands were ending forcible conscription, releasing detainees and stopping oil sales from their region to the Syrian government.
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We left behind everyone we loved as we fled from gang conscription, forced prostitution and even the promise of certain death.
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The conscription program, for example, needs to be rethought, and the term of service reduced to a fixed and reasonable length.
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They say people fear arrest or conscription despite Russia's pledges that any who surrender to the Syrian government would be safe.
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"Hair" follows the fortunes of The Tribe - a group of hippies fighting conscription into the Vietnam war in 1960s New York.
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Even so, a popular new party, Future Forward, wants to reduce the number of generals, end conscription and cut military budgets.
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With each passing year, more men faced conscription to fight a war with whose goals and methods a significant number disagreed.
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He describes how economists inspired by Friedman persuaded Richard Nixon to abandon military conscription in favour of all-volunteer armed forces.
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He won his first big victory in an unlikely battle, helping to persuade President Nixon to end military conscription in 1973.
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He won his first big victory in an unlikely battle, helping to persuade President Nixon to end military conscription in 1973.
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Many of the French-speaking residents of the province were the leading opponents of the government's introduction of conscription in 1917.
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His father, Morris, a cobbler who could not read or write, had fled Lithuania to escape conscription in the czar's army.
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When the Japanese Army entered Shanghai in 1941, his family urged him to flee to unoccupied China in order to avoid conscription.
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He strengthened his power through the conflict with Ethiopia, under a near-constant state of emergency that led to forced military conscription.
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A panel of nine justices ruled that parts of the conscription law that exempt seminary students from service were "unreasonable and unconstitutional".
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Young men face the possibility of conscription into the Army, and being sent to the front lines, if they remain in Syria.
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He suggested this could be because of the actions of some celebrities and sons of politicians in trying to avoid conscription altogether.
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We are modernizing our armed forces, we have reinstituted conscription and our defense spending will reach 2 percent of G.D.P. in 2018.
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Additionally, Bosnia should take note of Sweden's approach to Russia with the reintroduction to conscription amid worries about Russia's Baltic military drills.
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Fighting-age men and boys face the additional threat of forced conscription as the Syrian Army strives to replenish its depleted forces.
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Conscription in Israel is mandatory for most citizens, and top intelligence units often identify talented recruits while they are in high school.
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Or is he about building a world where the conscription army and pillaging ways of the city of Murk could never exist?
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Merely opposing a war and conscription was deemed to be causing a "panic" and a "substantive evil" that the government must prevent.
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U.S. citizens are not currently compelled to perform military service, although males are required to register for conscription when they turn 18.
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At 19, conscription sent the budding chef to French Guiana, where he provided culinary instruction and tore through ravines with a machete.
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His parents had sent him to Britain in 2000, at the age of sixteen, in order to avoid conscription by the Taliban.
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Still, aid agencies say many have fears about going home, including reprisals, military conscription, loss of property, or fresh waves of violence.
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Ultra-Orthodox parties say seminary students should be largely exempt from conscription as they have been since Israel was founded in 1948.
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The U.N. accuses Eritrea of rights abuses for indefinite national service, where Eritreans can spend many years in low-paid work under conscription.
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Military spending is rising—by about 5% annually in real terms over the next three years—and conscription is being reintroduced next year.
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War with either one might require mass mobilization, and the United States never has been able to achieve a mass mobilization without conscription.
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Although most ultra-Orthodox seminary students gain exemption from military service on religious grounds, they must obtain their exemption through a conscription procedure.
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World War I was also fought by African, Asian, Caribbean and Polynesian troops, who came to the Western Front by choice or conscription.
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His critics, who see him as incapable of shifting gears, believe the sustained bluff that was mass conscription may have just been called.
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Sweden, which increased military spending and re-introduced conscription in 2017, has its army march each year in honor of the king's birthday.
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Like residents of Washington, D.C., Puerto Ricans are U.S. citizens, subject to military conscription who do not have representation in the U.S. Congress.
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Research for her forthcoming book on the conscription of terrorists has been featured in media outlets around the world, including CNN and NBC.
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Young people in Eritrea are faced with either a lengthy conscription or embarking on perilous journeys out of the country to reach Europe.
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Rights groups have warned against forced returns while a Syrian peace deal remains elusive, and refugees often say they fear conscription into the army.
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This has been a contentious issue since at least World War II when then-president Franklin D. Roosevelt lowered the conscription age to 18.
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However, many refugees and internally displaced people fear to return home because of poor living conditions, conscription into the military or worry over reprisals.
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All Eritrean men under 40 are subject to indefinite conscription into the army, where Human Rights Watch says they are often forced to work.
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But they were criticized for their own human rights abuses and forced military conscription and labeled church leaders "counterrevolutionaries" in the service of Washington.
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When he fled Eritrea, as tens of thousands of others have to escape the slavery-like military conscription there, he prayed for God's protection.
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The punishment for the second offense is no more legitimate that the involuntary conscription of those who do not have the right to vote.
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Since 2014, Lithuania expanded its armed forces, partly by reintroducing conscription, and armed it with modern weapons, including anti-tank and anti-aircraft missiles.
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The ministry said it will spend more to purchase advanced weapons from overseas and to build a fully volunteer force after decades of conscription.
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The Eritrean government is "a repressive regime that abuses its conscription system to hold its citizens in forced labour for decades," the report said.
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The Algerian war in the French psyche is often likened to the Vietnam War for Americans — two conscription wars that ended in humiliating defeat.
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Since the 1950s, the government faced a fundamental problem administering a peacetime system of conscription: The baby boom produced too many draft-age men.
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He said his government plans to introduce army conscription to strengthen the military, adding Slovenia's professional army "is not capable of defending the state".
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While delaying that order with a succession of bureaucratic maneuvers, I helped found the Resistance, an organization devoted to generating civil disobedience against conscription.
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I grew up in a small Mennonite community in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, where Mennonites have been refusing conscription since the Civil War.
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There, homosexual sex is not banned, but it is illegal in the military, where almost all men must complete a stint of compulsory conscription.
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His party is also pushing for the introduction of military conscription to increase the power of the army, currently run as a professional force.
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Within the conflict's statistics are countless stories of torture, detention, forced conscription, families torn apart and normal lives downgraded rapidly or simply cut short.
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The US officially first officially used mandated military conscription during the Civil War, where both the Union and Confederate armies drafted soldiers to fight.
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The journalist was arrested on December 23, 2016 on anti-state and false news charges, following an Al Jazeera documentary about conscription in Egypt.
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Many Syrians are unable to return because their homes were destroyed in the fighting, or because they fear military conscription or retribution from government forces.
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Other European countries seeking to bolster their ranks are turning to conscription, which has been reintroduced in Sweden and Lithuania amid heightening tensions with Russia.
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In these countries, forced gang conscription, sexual violence and homicides are a fact of daily life; one El Savadoran dies every hour due to violence.
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Last September, Israel's Supreme Court gave parliament a year to pass a new conscription bill after ruling that parts of the existing exemption were unconstitutional.
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At issue is a bill that would require ultra-Orthodox men studying the Torah to participate in the country's mandatory military conscription (they're currently exempted).
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Mandatory equality would mean conscription for women—even into combat units; she mockingly sent quiches to legislators who failed to see how cowardly that was.
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An important part of this review is to determine whether women should be required to register, potentially subjecting them to conscription into the armed forces.
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They fear Bashar al-Assad's forcible conscription even after Syria reopened the border with Jordan in October 2018, and won't risk their sons being detained.
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A return to conscription would mitigate the need to compromise "standards"; in fact, the military could raise standards because of the enlarged pool of recruits.
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South Korea, which is still technically at war with rival North Korea, is one of the few countries that has mandatory conscription for all men.
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Anti-Vietnam liberals and leftists thought the end of conscription would hamstring the war in Southeast Asia and diminish the military's influence over American life.
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During the Korean War, rather than declaring himself a conscientious objector, Dr. Sharp refused to cooperate with his draft board because he opposed conscription altogether.
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The American left created a different language of resistance, much of it focused around the anti-conscription activities of groups like the War Resisters League.
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After being rejected by both, I submitted to conscription, feeling like a leaf in the wind amid the political hurricane engulfing me and my generation.
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What angers Park and Kim most of all is the nation's policy of compulsory conscription, which forces men their age to serve in the military.
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In Eritrea, the report said the government is "a repressive regime that abuses its conscription system to hold its citizens in forced labor for decades".
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In recent years, many Eritreans have fled to Europe, Israel and African nations to avoid military conscription and what human rights groups say is harsh rule.
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In 2014 he imposed military conscription on his pampered citizens, and sent dozens to their deaths in the Saudi-led campaign against Houthi rebels in Yemen.
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But that harks back to a long tradition of self-defense and to the Swiss policy of near-universal conscription, and gun-related crime is low.
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In 2011 Angela Merkel's government ended conscription, hoping to replace a large standing army with a small, surgical one (today it numbers little more than 180,23).
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Many of the young Syrian men who smuggled themselves into Europe over the last two years said they were fleeing mandatory conscription into the armed forces.
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Speaking in Beirut in August, UNHCR chief Filippo Grandi said refugees were concerned about conscription, as well as other issues such as the lack of infrastructure.
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Many refugees fear mandatory conscription or reprisal from government forces if they return, while others have nowhere to go after their homes and businesses were destroyed.
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But the largely rural province has suffered from emigration as weak employment prospects and conscription pressures to serve in the national army have pushed men out.
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Saker and other Syrians now living in London shared stories of surviving without electricity during the war, military conscription at home and leaving their families behind.
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Razzaz echoed the U.N. view that unstable conditions inside Syria, where large-scale destruction, fear of retribution and military conscription has made many reluctant to return.
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In January Lee Seung-gi, a pop star, released "I'm Joining the Army" to tell fans of his upcoming conscription (hundreds gathered to see him off).
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Troop reduction, a shortened conscription period, and a more autonomous South Korean military are years too early, in light of the security atmospherics on the peninsula.
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Many fear arrest or conscription if they return to government areas, and Turkey has closed its border, where guards shoot — and sometimes kill — people sneaking across.
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Both countries have long had conscription for able-bodied young men – and now theoretically neutral Sweden is also reintroducing National Service for both men and women.
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Reversing a trend, the Swedish government began spending more on its military in 2016, and last year decided to restore conscription after a seven-year break.
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Currently, women make up just 6.1% of Japan's non conscription military compared with 16.5% in Australia, 813% in the UK and 16% of US enlisted forces.
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It is Future Forward's social media heft - as well as pledges to change the army-drafted constitution and to end conscription - that have the army worried.
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He opposed military conscription and evinced empathy for the former soldiers he interviewed for his book "No Victory Parades: The Return of the Vietnam Veteran" (1971).
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Why doesn't Mr Assad send his son, Hafez, to the front, sneers a student who has failed his university exams to prolong his studies and avoid conscription.
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TEL AVIV (Reuters) - Nine years ago, Teklit Michael fled Eritrea to avoid military conscription, survived a perilous journey across the Sinai peninsula and sought asylum in Israel.
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Under her watch, Germany has abolished military conscription, accelerated the phaseout of nuclear power, admitted more than a million migrants in 2015, and established a minimum wage.
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But people continue to flee areas that are falling back under its control, and many refugees say they are scared to return, fearing arrest, conscription or worse.
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This article originally appeared on VICE Greece Military conscription was first introduced in Greece in 323, following a coup that brought prime minister Eleftherios Venizelos to power.
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With conscription deemed unconstitutional, the military is trying to recruit more women, and starting next month, the maximum age for new recruits will be raised to 32.
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Apple's lawyers at ZwillGen jumped at the rare opportunity to explain why, in the company's view, the law does not justify the government's conscription of Apple employees.
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South Korea, which is still technically at war with North Korea, is one of the few countries that has mandatory conscription for all men as a rule.
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Boko Haram's conscription of children has been one of the defining hallmarks of the long and vicious war militants have waged on northeast Nigeria and bordering regions.
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Defense ministry spokeswoman Marinette Radebo told the BBC that "the change in our neighbourhood…, Russian military activity, is one of the reasons" for the reintroduction of conscription.
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Lieberman, a settler himself who in his younger days also worked as an airport baggage handler, also calls for conscription of ultra-Orthodox Jews into the military.
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Aid agencies often cite the fear of conscription, and punishment for ducking it, as one of the main reasons refugees give for not wanting to return home.
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At the same time, indefinite forced conscription has allowed Mr. Isaias to pre-empt the kind of mass protests that roiled northern Africa during the Arab Spring.
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Its system of indefinite military conscription has caused many young men to leave the country, forming a significant proportion of African migrants crossing the Mediterranean to Europe.
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Elsewhere, Syrians are trying to pick up the pieces, grappling with increasing poverty and the snail-paced reconstruction process, as well as trying to avoid military conscription.
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In six days, every man in the country age 21 to 193 — about 10 million in all — was to register for possible conscription into the armed forces.
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Rebels say that the routes are not safe and that some civilians are reluctant to leave for fear of arrest or conscription once they reach government territory.
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"Everyone her age group tries to escape because of the military conscription," Younis, who is based in the US and edits an opposition Eritrean news website, explains.
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Eritrea has become a major source of migrants fleeing toward Europe, Israel and African nations in recent years as human rights groups criticize its harsh military conscription laws.
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The young Afghan who left his village for a better-paying construction job in Iran might be running to Europe to escape forced conscription to fight in Syria.
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Sweden said earlier this month it would reintroduce military conscription in 2018 as the voluntary draft failed to fill the ranks at a time of increased security concerns.
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The Pentagon has recently noted the rise in reports of ISIS defections and the increase in localized conscription as the group tries to maintain its strength, as well.
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A rebel spokesman said people in eastern Ghouta did not want to leave the area despite the bombardment, because they feared arrest, torture or conscription by the government.
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The demo concentrates on Karam's flight to avoid conscription into the Syrian army, and he regularly appears as a character in video commentary, wearing the same yellow hoodie.
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Last week Israel's Supreme Court ruled that parts of the conscription law that exempt seminary students were unconstitutional and gave the government a year to resolve the matter.
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The Swiss army functions under a militia system in which young men reaching adulthood do terms of military conscription, so it reflects society as a whole, Holder said.
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It works with children and youths in Ethiopia who risk becoming victims of human traffickers or kidnappers after fleeing violence or forced conscription in Eritrea or South Sudan.
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The Neediest Cases Fund He survived conscription in Eritrea, conspired to confront his country's injustices and faked an emergency to elude the authorities when they discovered his plan.
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The C.S.U. was certainly not amused when Ms. Merkel ended military conscription; the party was also outraged when she committed Germany to shutting down its nuclear power plants.
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After election night, it could all come down to Yisrael Beitenu's Lieberman, at odds with Netanyahu's traditional ultra-Orthodox partners over military conscription exemptions for Jewish seminary students.
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Appelbaum, who writes about economics for the New York Times, lingers on how the Nobel laureate inspired the U.S. military to replace compulsory conscription with better-paid soldiers.
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Armies that have abandoned conscription, as Germany did in 2011 (and the United States did in 1973) attract all sorts of people, including some who harbor extremist views.
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Along the way, she apparently lied about her husband, saying she and her family had also feared retributions because he had avoided conscription by the Bosnian Serb military.
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Withorne cited the overuse of "the draft," instead of "conscription" or "selective service" on Twitter, and how people feared getting called up to serve in the US military.
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University students subject to mandatory conscription in the nation's armed forces, but who wanted to avoid brutal stints as enlistees, could opt instead to join a science squadron.
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Ever since the Napoleonic Wars witnessed conscription and the strategic mobilization of the economy, nationalists have looked to war to generate national solidarity and a sense of purpose.
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The Venezuelan information ministry — which handles media enquiries for the government — did not respond to a request for comment about the conscription of Venezuelans by Colombia's armed groups.
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The Venezuelan information ministry - which handles media enquiries for the government - did not respond to a request for comment about the conscription of Venezuelans by Colombia's armed groups.
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WHEN Sweden brought back conscription at the start of this year, it was a direct response to rising tension in the Baltic region and the difficulty of recruiting soldiers.
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Anis was a competitive swimmer in Syria until he and his family fled the country in 2011 to avoid the then 20-year-old's likely conscription into the army.
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A headstone for an Australian marked "It is men, of my age and single, who are expected to do their duty" provides a brief insight into Australia's conscription debate.
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The fighting is over in much of the country, but many of the more than 5 million refugees fear mandatory conscription or reprisal from government forces if they return.
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Netanyahu's government, which controls 67 of the Knesset's 120 seats, includes both ultra-Orthodox parties, but two other influential factions oppose a further relaxation of the legislation against conscription.
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His first book, he responds, was about conscription—something both democratic, because it extends warfare to the civic population, and anti-democratic, because it forces the conscript into obedience.
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But rights groups have warned against forcing people back to a country still at war, and refugees have often said they fear facing arrest or conscription into the army.
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Forty-five years ago, the United States ended conscription and embarked on the experiment of the all-volunteer force, meaning that no military personnel would be forced to serve.
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"If we look at Iraq and Afghanistan, in the height of the conflicts, there was never a discussion in the Department of Defense to resort to conscription," he said.
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For many young draftees, it was a soul-crushing experience, just as repugnant as conscription into the government's army would have been if its recruiters had gotten there first.
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And leftists and libertarians condemn him for establishing conscription and signing the Espionage and Sedition Acts that essentially made all vocal opposition to the nation's war with Germany illegal.
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But 12% of its people fled the country by 2016 -- mostly to escape the forced conscription that enslaved tens of thousands into "national service", according to Human Rights Watch.
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The US is unlikely to have a war which requires national conscription anytime soon, and there hasn't been a real draft since the last days of the Vietnam War.
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They had spent days huddled in abandoned apartments under heavy shelling, as those with a record of opposing the government said they were bracing for arrest, conscription or death.
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Others have been known to try to add on or tack off pounds to avoid conscription, so the government conducts surprise inspections for anyone suspected of changing their weight.
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Like the millions of immigrants who entered the United States through Ellis Island, their reasons for arriving were diverse, whether avoiding Ottoman (later Turkish) army conscription, oppression, or poverty.
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The crisis arose - officially, at least - from a feud over military conscription between Netanyahu's presumed allies: ex-defence minister and far-right secularist Avigdor Lieberman, and ultra-Orthodox Jewish parties.
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The Champions eSports League is facing multiple charges of kidnapping and involuntary conscription following the release of first-person video footage from the night of the EvoWar III Title Deathmatch.
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After all, unlike during the Vietnam War period, the United States does not have a conscription law that involuntarily drags young Americans against their will to fight in faraway hellholes.
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Many local Arab tribes from the region also complain they are marginalized in decision making and blame the YPG for discrimination against them, including the forced conscription of their youths.
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On a visit home in 2005, Mr. Gebreselase, indignant about his conscription and about injustices in his country, held a meeting with villagers about a plan to criticize the government.
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"In 1940, as European and Asian war clouds darkened America's skies, the United States implemented 'peacetime' conscription for the first time -- but the world was already at war," he said.
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A 50-year-old man whose two eldest sons face conscription said in a separate telephone interview that they needed "psychological preparation" if they were to return to the army.
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Almost 250 years ago, for example, Empress Maria Theresa of Austria began to number the homes across her vast realm to enable mass conscription of men to fight her wars.
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The crisis arose - officially, at least - from a feud over military conscription between Netanyahu's presumed allies: ex-defense minister and far-right secularist Avigdor Lieberman, and ultra-Orthodox Jewish parties.
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In the process, she made a false statement about her husband, saying she and her family had also feared retribution because he had avoided conscription by the Bosnian Serb military.
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They particularly hoped he would end the system of indefinite conscription that the UN likens to mass enslavement—and which has helped earn Eritrea the nickname "the North Korea of Africa".
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His political ideas appear in an illustration of a social media-savant dissolving into a massive crowd of followers, and a pair of conscription officers gobbling up masses of frightened civilians.
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And then very often what would happen, historically, is that they would be facing conscription, and that's where they drew the line and said, 'Nope, we're not going to do that.
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The forcible conscription of youths into the SDF as well as the fate of thousands imprisoned in their jails have been major bones of contention, according to residents and tribal figures.
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Shell-shocked Lithuania has built a fake village so it can practice fending off any future Russian aggression, and has even reintroduced conscription due to the threat posed by the Kremlin.
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"What people don't seem to understand is just because there is conscription, that does not mean that all women would serve in the infantry," Senator Deb Fischer, Republican of Nebraska, said.
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But the fledgling peace is raising new questions for Eritrea&aposs diaspora, tens of thousands who fled their government&aposs tight grip, rigid system of compulsory military conscription and endemic poverty.
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Haidar, the minister for national reconciliation, said the terms of reconciliation deals grant former militants and men who abandoned military service six months before conscription once their "legal status is settled".
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Despite massively reduced tensions on the peninsula, many people in the country are still broadly supportive of conscription, and conscientious objectors can face stigma and discrimination well beyond their jail terms.
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Aid agencies working with refugees have cited concerns over the loss of property and conscription into the Syrian army as big reasons discouraging Syrians from returning, along with fear of reprisals.
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American males have to register with the Selective Service for the possibility of military conscription, but Congress and the president would have to pass and sign legislation to reimpose a draft.
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Coalition negotiations stalled over a piece of draft legislation submitted by Lieberman last month requiring yeshiva students, who are currently exempt from Israel's otherwise mandatory conscription, to be drafted into the military.
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In the past, according to Amnesty, the Military Manpower Administration, which oversees conscription, has charged several trans women with evasion of military service, claiming they are using gender identity as an excuse.
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The Syrian Kurds spent four years in bed with the regime's enemy, the US, and there are many who fear both repression by the regime, and the conscription into the regime's army.
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Many local Arab tribes in areas controlled by the SDF complain they are marginalized in decision making and blame the YPG for discrimination against them, including the forced conscription of their youths.
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Aid agencies that work with refugees have cited concerns over the loss of property and conscription into the Syrian army as big reasons discouraging Syrians from returning, along with fear of reprisals.
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Singapore's refusal to allow Ben Davis, 18, to defer his national service sparked a debate last year over whether the country's rigid conscription law is stifling its youth from pursuing their dreams.
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Bassil said UNHCR had discouraged refugees in Arsal from returning by asking them questions about conditions they might face in Syria, including the possibility of military conscription, security problems and poor accommodation.
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Prosecutors say that Mr. Ongwen's forcible conscription as a child soldier may be a mitigating factor in his case, but that he is nonetheless responsible for crimes he committed as an adult.
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After a couple of back-and-forth trips between the old country and the new (including a close call at conscription into Franco's military), he was granted permanent U.S. residency in 1965.
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The lines are blurred between the general population and the army, a conscription force that drafts most Jewish 18-year-olds, male and female, for more than two years of compulsory service.
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The city is protected from Syrian government strikes by American air power, but many Arabs have been reluctant to live under the Kurdish-run administration, which among other things enforced military conscription.
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As it aims to stem the flow of migrants from Africa and bring about change in a dictatorship, the European Union is spending millions on projects built by people in forced conscription.
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One prominent opposition group, the Future Forward Party, has openly opposed military influence over politics, arguing for changes in the military-written constitution, an end to conscription and cutting the army budget.
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In "Radical Libertarianism: A Right Wing Alternative" (22002), he laid out a political program that envisioned an end to conscription, taxes and government control over education, health services, transportation and other areas.
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By law, all able-bodied men in South Korea must spend at least 220 months in the armed forces, a conscription system seen as crucial to the country's defense against North Korea.
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STOCKHOLM (Reuters) - Sweden is to reintroduce military conscription next year due to difficulties filling the ranks on a voluntary basis at a time of increased security concerns, the defense minister said on Thursday.
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The fear of conscription, and potential punishment for ducking it or for desertion, is frequently cited by aid groups as one of the main reasons refugees give for not wanting to return home.
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However, Swiss gun-related crime is low and the high number of privately owned guns harks back to a long tradition of self-defence and to the Swiss policy of near-universal conscription.
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U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees Filippo Grandi said during a visit to Beirut last month that refugees were concerned about issues including the lack of infrastructure and fear of retribution and military conscription.
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Future Forward, made up almost entirely of young progressives with zero experience in politics, touts left-wing policies including scrapping obligatory military conscription for young men and ending economic monopolies for wealthy families.
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"During my subsequent conscription into the defense force I came face to face with the sharp, brutish reality of apartheid - and that was the impetus for my first piece of journalism," said Sole.
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Other possible conditions tied to aid include access to political prisoners, and an end to forced conscription, arbitrary arrests and the seizure of property, although Semaan said these were unrealistic given Assad's record.
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The rate of conscription in North Vietnam had been so high that chances were any roughly middle-aged man — and many women — had once been a soldier in the fight against the Americans.
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Lieberman gave his differences with an ultra-Orthodox party over a conscription bill as the reason for refusing to join the coalition Netanyahu had seemed poised to form after the election in April.
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Still, being an Austrian and given Austria's annexation, the Anshluss (you were the only one in your village to vote against it), and your conscription, you must sign a loyalty oath to Hitler.
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Because popular support for military conscription is so low, legislation to re-establish a draft would be very unlikely to pass either the Democratic-controlled House of Representatives or the Republican-controlled Senate.
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Able-bodied men in the country must register to spend about two years in the armed forces, as part of a conscription system seen as crucial to the country's defense against North Korea.
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Stockholm has repeatedly cited Russian aggression as the reason for a series of security measures including the reintroduction of conscription this year and the stationing of troops on the Baltic island of Gotland.
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It has become a major source of migrants fleeing toward other African nations, Europe and Israel in recent years, and has been criticized by human rights groups for its harsh military conscription laws.
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Advertise on Hyperallergic with Nectar Ads MIAMI — In 29, when he was just 211, the artist Luis Cruz Azaceta fled Cuba for New York City, partly to avoid conscription into Fidel Castro's army.
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Civilian law protects gays from discrimination, but in the armed forces, where there is conscription, sexual relations between men are deemed to be "reciprocal rape" and subject to up to two years in prison.
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He created a commission to study the draft and accepted the panel's recommendation to end conscription and retain Selective Service registration for young men in the event a return to a draft was needed.
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But since then, despite expectations among new recruits that conscription would be significantly scaled back, Eritrea has "not made any meaningful changes to national service or to its system of repression," the HRW said.
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Conscription into the army is compulsory and since 2002 national service—of both the military and civilian kind—has been indefinite, a system which the UN says amounts to forced labour or even slavery.
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But its version of conscription comes with a uniquely Swedish twist: Light-hearted, multicultural recruitment ads emphasize physical fitness, building bonds with peers, or gaining job skills, and prospects are only asked to join.
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The IDF is set to launch a controversial plan to shorten the mandatory conscription period of 32 months for men, while offering enticing contracts to key personnel it wants to keep for longer periods.
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We fight our wars differently, requiring no massive, nation-wide conscription cutting across all the strata of society such as produced the diverse World War II and Korea veteran cohorts in the first place.
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The U.S. State Department on Thursday dismissed Russia's humanitarian ceasefire plan as "a joke", saying people were afraid to leave the area through a "humanitarian corridor" because of fear of conscription, exile or death.
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It claims that up to 400,000 Eritreans have been enslaved in a vast conscription program, forced to work in the army or the bureaucracy for next to nothing, often for a decade or more.
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In the case of Moadamiya, where the deal was finalised in September, conscription was meant to be confined to local areas, according to diplomatic and humanitarian sources and local officials involved in the talks.
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In the article, Mr. Glosser related in detail the story of Wolf-Leib Glosser, who arrived on Ellis Island in 1903 from the village of Antopol in Eastern Europe, fleeing persecution and forced conscription.
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But unlike wildflowers, whose allure is their existence outside of human conscription, herbs have always had a relationship with mankind, from before we even recognized ourselves as mankind: feeding, protecting and arguably improving us.
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By law, able-bodied South Korean men must register to spend about two years in the armed forces, as part of a conscription system seen as crucial to the country's defense against North Korea.
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But resentment against SDF rule in eastern Syria has grown among the predominately Arab population, residents and tribal elders say, with many objecting to compulsory conscription of young men and discrimination at the leadership level.
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All South Korean men between the ages of 18 and 35 are currently required to perform at least 21 months of active-duty military service, and can face prison if they attempt to avoid conscription.
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The following month, lawmakers in the House of Representatives introduced the "Draft America's Daughters Act of 2016" proposing extension of Selective Service registration and conscription requirements to women between the ages of 18 and 26.
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In the United States, before and after the second world war, the Witnesses fought lengthy court battles to win exemption from conscription and the requirement (in schools, for example) to salute the Stars and Stripes.
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But resentment against SDF rule in eastern Syria has grown among the predominately Arab population, residents and tribal elders say, with many objecting to compulsory conscription of young men and discrimination in top leadership layers.
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Such expanded equality of opportunity has caused some to argue for women to be required to register with Selective Service, and possible conscription, thus creating an equality of risk and sacrifice among men and women.
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Somali state-run Radio Muqdisho reported on its website on Thursday that the fighting in the Haradheere area, which started on Wednesday, had been triggered by alleged al Shabaab conscription of teenagers into their ranks.
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"Such conscription is fundamentally offensive to Apple's core principles and would pose a severe threat to the autonomy of Apple and its engineers," Apple's lawyers wrote in the company's final brief to the California court.
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"If we want equality in this country, if we want women to be treated precisely like men are treated and that they should not be discriminated against, then we should support a universal conscription," Rep.
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Disputes over the still-militarised border, in particular, the town of Badme, have kept the two sides at loggerheads, with Asmara using the Ethiopian threat to justify its hefty military spending and long-term conscription.
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As his trial opened, with Mr. Ongwen in a court-issued gray suit, an official read out the list of charges against him, including murder, torture, rape, sexual slavery and conscription of children under 15.
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Many of those there today said that Jarabulus was preferable to the repression they had experienced under the Assad government or radical Islamists, and to the compulsory conscription the Y.P.G. enforced in areas it controls.
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Mr. Bloncourt's passion for chronicling the everyday dignity of exploited peoples found a particular focus in Portuguese émigrés who had fled authoritarian rule and conscription to seek jobs in construction and factories in postwar France.
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In the 1860s, mobs of mostly foreign-born white workers took to the streets in New York City to protest conscription during the Civil War, burning down buildings and inciting violent attacks against black residents.
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The Asmara government insists conscription is vital for national security saying that it fears attack by its far bigger neighbor Ethiopia with which it fought a bloody and expensive war that ended in June 2000.
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But in addition, and perhaps more sinisterly, I think that Trump is raising an army, whether or not he would describe it as such, and whether or not those being involved recognize their own conscription.
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Many residents in Deraa province complain that services have not been fully restored and that there are chronic power shortages, while many young men fear a campaign of military conscription to fight the remaining rebels.
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Divisions between former Defence Minister Avigdor Lieberman's ultranationalist Yisrael Beitenu party and United Torah Judaism over a military conscription bill governing exemptions for ultra-Orthodox Jewish seminary students have plunged the coalition talks into stalemate.
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Eritrea's "critics will argue that it is trying to divert international attention away from the alleged crimes against humanity, and justifying its need for an enormous military and compulsory conscription," King said in a brief commentary.
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NAIROBI (Reuters) - Eritrea is forcing thousands of students and teachers into indefinite national service, driving many into exile and frustrating hopes that a peace deal with Ethiopia might end conscription, Human Rights Watch said on Friday.
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Non-NATO member Sweden has decided to beef up its military after having let spending drop from over 2 percent of economic output in the early 1990s to around 1 percent, and is re-introducing conscription.
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Resentment is mounting against Kurdish-led forces among the predominantly Arab population in the vast areas of eastern Syria they rule, with many objecting to compulsory conscription of youths and discrimination on leadership positions, they say.
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But some commentators and members of Netanyahu's Likud party have suggested Lieberman's real motive is to ultimately succeed the veteran leader and that he is using the conscription bill and coalition stalemate to weaken him politically.
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The State Department said in its report that the conscription of children by the country's military and the widespread use of forced labor, including the sex trafficking of women and girls, remained serious problems in Myanmar.
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Some males are subject to conscription, or are members of the opposition; others may be unable to provide paperwork to prove ownership of vacated properties; and still others may have had their homes and businesses destroyed.
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GOYANG, South Korea (Reuters) - A North Korean delegation called on Japan on Friday to pay "sufficient compensation" for the forced labor and conscription of the "Korean people" during World War Two and other Asia-Pacific conflicts.
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"If we want equality in this country, if we want women to be treated precisely like men are treated and that they should not be discriminated against, then we should support a universal conscription," Speier said.
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Sweden has reintroduced mandatory conscription as a result of growing worries over Russia's increased military maneuvers in the Baltic states, with a recent study suggesting the current NATO force would no longer adequately protect the region.
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Many more say they believe that if Mr. Assad remains in power, the outcome tacitly accepted by the global powers haggling over Syria's future, they have only arrest, torture, death or forced conscription to return to.
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All able-bodied South Korean men between the ages of 18 and 35 are required to perform at least 21 months of active-duty military service, and can face prison if they attempt to avoid conscription.
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In a country with compulsory conscription for Jewish citizens, it was not a stretch for people to insist that it could be their father, their brother, their son, left to rot in a hole in Gaza.
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But as Mr. al-Assad's forces advanced, others feared the horrors often associated with the Syrian state: conscription into the Syrian military or random arrests that have made untold numbers of people vanish into Syria's prisons.
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President Richard Nixon established a draft lottery in 1969 but stopped drafting military-age males in 1973 when the US military became an all-volunteer force, but not before an estimated half-million people avoided conscription.
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Conscription in the US military and the pull of urban life brought Indians into the mainstream and modern times, even as it steered the emerging shape of self-rule and spawned a new generation of resistance.
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She inherited a rebellious streak; her maternal great-grandfather had been deported to Siberia in the 19th century after protesting forced conscription into the Russian Army, and her father fought against the Bolsheviks during the Revolution.
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The 92-year-old has always contended that he was conscripted into the unit — although one Canadian court found there was no conscription for non-Germans, like Ukrainian-born Oberlander — and that he only did minor jobs.
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JERUSALEM (Reuters) - A dispute within Israel's governing coalition over military conscription of ultra-orthodox Jewish men stirred speculation on Sunday that Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu wants to see a snap election to help him survive corruption investigations.
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Growing unrest against the SDF in areas they control in Deir Zor province east of the Euphrates River has been aggravated by poor services, lack of jobs and compulsory conscription of youth, residents and tribal figures said.
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Child soldiers were used in Syria, Libya, Nigeria and Colombia - all of which have ratified a United Nations treaty outlawing the conscription of under 18s and their participation in hostilities, the campaign group behind the index said.
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One of the most egregious offenses, the United Nations commission found, was the forced conscription of young people in a never-ending national service program that has driven thousands of young Eritreans to flee, many to Europe.
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To raise the manpower needed, Johnson saw conscription as a less politically risky approach than calling up the reserves or National Guard, which would have forced many married, middle-class men to leave their jobs and families.
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For decades, South Korea has required all able-bodied men in South Korea to serve in the armed forces and granted few exemptions under a conscription system seen as crucial to the country's defense against North Korea.
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In countries like Israel, which maintains conscription of men and women, service is perceived not only as national defense but also as a civic education in the universal obligation to safeguard the values of a democratic state.
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As part of that state of emergency, a National Service program of mandatory, universal and indefinite conscription has remained in place, even after the 2018 peace agreement, a breakthrough that won Ethiopia's leader the Nobel Peace Prize.
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Taiwan vowed in 20193 to phase out conscription to cut costs and boost the professionalism of its forces as it tries to better deter the Chinese threat through enhanced cyber warfare capabilities and other high-tech weapons.
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