Harper plays the tenor saxophone in spirally, darting movements, with a pearly-hot intensity and steady focus.
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Potentially, LISA could see the slow mergers of supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies or super-dense stars that are slowly spirally in toward each other.
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The five whorls are spirally strongly ridged. The ridges are nodulous and number three on the penultimate whorl. The interstices are spirally striate. The body whorl is depressed, angulate at the periphery, and concentrically lirate below.
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The basal margin is straight, very thick, and dentate. The columella oblique. Its edge is convex, quadri-dentate, and within spirally plicate. The umbilical area is white, funnel-shaped, callous, rather narrow, and obsoletely spirally costate.
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The leaves are scale-like, arranged spirally and only a few millimeters long.
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They are spirally many keeled and between the keels thickly and slenderly longitudinally lirate. The protoconch consists of two subinflated whorls which are spirally and equally striate. The aperture is shorter than the spire, elongately ovate. The outer lip is thin and sinuous.
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The green or white embryo is either spirally (and without perisperm) or annular (rarely straight).
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The sutures are well impressed. The five whorls are somewhat convex, spirally coarsely ridged. The ridges are not beaded. They number about 4 to 6 above the periphery, but are more numerous on the base The whole surface is closely, minutely, densely, spirally and radiately striate.
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The other whorls show thick longitudinal ribs and are spirally bicarinate, producing sharp transverse plicules. The body whorl is tricarinate and continues at the same time and uninterrupted up to its base with 8 - 10 spirally lirae. The aperture is ovate. The slightly expanded outer lip is incrassate.
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They are arranged spirally, are pointed at the apex and are a brownish green colour when they age.
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The shell is very minutely spirally striate. The aperture is rounded. The thickened peristome is continuous. and varicose exteriorly.
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The shell has a ventricose shape. It is spirally ornamented. The columella is plicate.G.W. Tryon, Manual of Conchology vol.
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The seeds are angular, with the inner coat hardened and the outer coat fleshy. They are often brightly colored, with 2 cotyledons. One subfamily, the Encephalartoideae, is characterized by spirally arranged sporophylls (rather than spirally orthostichous), non-articulate leaflets and persistent leaf bases. It is represented in Australia, with two genera and 40 species.
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The following whorl is spirally striate. The last two whorls are smooth. The six whorls are convex. The sutures are distinct.
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The length of the shell attains 3.4 mm, its diameter 1.4 mm. (Original description) The minute shell is narrowly fusiform, thin, semitransparent and spirally lirate. Sculpture : The protoconch is microscopically finely spirally striate, the succeeding whorls have 3 and the body whorl 10 to 12 equidistant fine spiral lirae. The interstices are smooth and slightly broader than the threads.
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Its flowers are also much smaller, lack the spirally coiled anthers of Cochliostema, and are usually cleistogamous (i.e., they usually never open).
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Fucus spiralis has spirally twisted fronds.Newton, L. 1931. A Handbook of the British Seaweeds. British Museum, LondonHardy, F.G. and Guiry, M.D. 2003.
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Carina or keel. 5. Monadelphous stamens. 6. Hairy ovary with the long style, thickened upwards, and spirally curved. 7. Legume or pod.
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Sarail Upazila to Nasirnagar Upazila Dam Road crossed spirally the Haor and life for the villagers made easier to communicate with Brahmanbaria and Dhaka.
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The shell reaches a height of 4 mm. The minute, umbilicate shell is suborbicular. The apex is obtuse. The shell is spirally impressed- striate.
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The shell contains four whorls. They are rounded and distinctly and closely spirally grooved. The umbilical region is smooth. The suture is scarcely impressed.
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The surface is microscopically spirally densely striate. The slender spire is straight-sided. The apex is acute. The 7 whorls are a little convex.
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The subulate shell is spirally paucilirate. The aperture is lirate within, subsinuated in front. The columella is triplicate. G.W. Tryon, Manual of Conchology vol.
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The length of the shell attains 13.5 mm. The glassy shell is spirally grooved. The columella is twisted. The color is faintly tinged with pink.
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Its sides are slightly convex. The apex is subacute. The protoconch is conoidal, consisting of 3 convex spirally striate whorls. The whorls number 6 to 7.
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Most gastropod shells are spirally coiled. The majority (over 90%)Schilthuizen M. & Davison A. (2005). "The convoluted evolution of snail chirality". Naturwissenschaften 92(11): 504–515. . .
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The shell is pure white, strongly nodulosely plicate and obsoletely spirally striate. The length of the shell is 17 mm.G.W. Tryon, Manual of Conchology vol. VI p.
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The whitish shell is slender and shining. The length of the shell measures 11.5 mm. It is finely spirally striated. The whorls of the teleoconch are flattened.
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The smaller variant baylissiana (Lavros & Hardy) has more branched stems that are smaller in diameter (1 to 1.5 cm), shorter (10 cm) and are often spirally twisted.
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The whole surface is microscopically spirally striate. The striae are coarser on the base. The 8 to 9 whorls are nearly flat. The upper whorls are pink.
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Oswaldo Cruz, 61(1): 149-152. described male copulatory organs of Ringicella ringens as spirally coiled, that is different from previous description by Fischer and by Pilsbry.
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The thin shell has an oval shape. The whorls of the teleoconch are smooth or spirally striated. The columellar tooth is obsolete.G.W. Tryon, Manual of Conchology vol.
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The eight whorls of the teleoconch are convex. They contain a deep suture. They are longitudinally and spirally ribbed. The interstices of the decussations appear as pitted.
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The anal fasciole is close to the suture slightly depressed, spirally threaded, arcuately striated. The spiral sculpture on the early whorls consists of a peripheral keel with one strong thread behind it. The rest of the surface is finely closely spirally threaded. The last three or four whorls are peripherally waved with narrower interspaces over which the keel and thread are a little swollen, the fine threading continuing.
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It is an evergreen coniferous tree growing to 20–30 m tall, with a trunk up to 1.5 m diameter. The leaves are claw-like, 7–18 mm long and 3–4 mm broad, arranged spirally on the shoots. The seed cones are globose, 15–30 mm diameter, with 20–30 spirally-arranged scales; they are mature about six months after pollination. The pollen cones are 4–5 mm long.
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The aperture is subrhomboidal. The lip is subduplicate within. The columella is a little arcuate. The umbilical area is funnel-shaped, spirally plicate, and carinated at its edge.
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The fusiform shell is thin, smooth, or spirally sculptured. The axial sculpture is less conspicuous. The siphonal canal is nearly obsolete. The columella and outer lip is simple.
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Allophylus cobbe, or titberry, is a plant bearing alternately and spirally arranged ternate leaves belonging to the family Sapindaceae. The edible fruit is three chambered like Sapindus trifoliatus.
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The size of the shell varies between 0.8 mm and 1.5 mm. The shell is scarcely unibilicated. The aperture is circular. The surface is spirally costate, not cancellated.
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The axial sculpture is somewhat coarse. The axial plications are crisp and regular. It is transversely spirally ribbed. The ribs are elevated, subequal, crenelated, articulated with reddish brown.
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Some have rhizomes. The leaves are spirally arranged and the inflorescences grow in the leaf axils. The flowers are usually white, sometimes red. The fruit is a capsule.
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Turning to Thompson's startling acarpous views I agree with him in regarding the Angiospermous flower as originally hermaphrodite with the essential organs spirally arranged on an elongated axis.
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The elongate, fusiform shell has an acuminate spire. Its color is white with red ribs. The whorls are longitudinally ribbed and spirally striated. The outer lip is strongly produced.
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It is finely spirally striated throughout, the upper whorls being longitudinally plicated. The body whorl is lightly inflated. The aperture is oblong. The outer lip is arcuate and acute.
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The umbilicate or imperforate shell has a globose-turbinate shape. It is umbilicate or imperforate. The whorls are rounded and with spirally granose revolving ribs. The aperture is subcircular.
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The siphonal fasciole is constricted; with only arcuate striation. The sculpture on the early whorls consists of two or three strong cords, swollen where they override the ribs, these are prominent on the periphery. On the later whorls the peripheral cord becomes an undulated keel and the interspaces are closely spirally striate. On the body whorl in front of the keel are about a dozen major threads with wide spirally striate interspaces.
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Conifer Specialist Group 2000. Athrotaxis laxifolia It is an evergreen coniferous tree growing to 10–20 m tall, with a trunk up to 1 m diameter. The leaves are scale-like, 4–12 mm long and 2–3 mm broad, arranged spirally on the shoots. The seed cones are oblong-globose, 15–26 mm long and 14–20 mm diameter, with 14–18 spirally-arranged scales; they are mature about six months after pollination.
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The length of the shell attains 12 mm. The whorls are rather ventricose and spirally irregularly ridged. The interstices between the ridges are very minutely latticed. The sinus is small.
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The length of the shell varies between 10 mm and 15 mm. The shell is spirally closely striated. The outer lip is minutely crenulated within. The sinus is somewhat obsolete.
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The sheaths are chestnut brown in colour. The palmately-lobed leaves are spirally arranged around the trunk. The petioles are long. The entire leaf is some 1.2 metres in length.
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The aperture is spirally lirate. The edge of the columella is denticulate. Its upper insertion is callous, partly or nearly covering the umbilicus. Young specimens are subbiangulate with nodulose periphery.
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It is bluntly carinate at the periphery. The ribs are longitudinally closely lirate with about twenty two lirae. The region around the umbilicus is spirally carinate. The aperture is round.
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The whorls are bicarinated. The carinae are distant. The interspaces are concave, spirally closely lineated, concentrically striated. The color of the shell is brownish or yellowish, variegated with reddish flammules.
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The spire is conic and eroded. The sutures are linear and impressed. The five whorls are convex and spirally grooved. These grooves are shallow, about 5 on the penultimate whorl.
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The thick shell is turreted and shaped like an awl, rissoid, solid, and longitudinally plicate . The aperture is large. The columella is spirally tortuous. The outer lip is thickened within.
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The shoulder angle is somewhat coronate. The surface of the shell is finely spirally striate. The anal sinus is broad and deep. The body whorl constitutes about half the total length.
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The spiral sculpture consists of spiral grooves with much wider flat interspaces. The siphonal canal is constricted, spirally threaded and very short. The aperture is simple. The inner lip is erased.
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The minute shell has a blunt protoconch. The second whorl shows a peripheral keel. The seven subsequent whorls are moderately rounded, axially and spirally sculptured. The siphonal canal is almost obsolete.
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The short spire is conoid. The suture is impressed. The 5 to 6 whorls are slightly convex and spirally finely grooved. The body whorl is somewhat flattened around the upper part.
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The thin, white shell is closely longitudinally ribbed and spirally striate. Its length attains 6 mm. The 10 whorls of the teleoconch are slightly convex. The suture is deep and crenulated.
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They contain a few axial ribs, crossed spirally by angulate lirae (eight lirae in the body whorl). The narrow aperture is oblong. The outer lip is incrassate. The columella is simple.
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The five whorls are convex, slightly excavated at the sutures. They are nearly smooth and obsoletely spirally lirate. The large body whorl is convex below. The ovate aperture is silvery within.
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Thursophyton is a genus of terrestrial vascular plants which flourished in the Middle Devonian period. These plants consisted of aerial stems branching dichotomously, trichotomously or pseudomonopodially, at least the main axes clothed in spirally arranged spines up to 7 mm long, which are not leaves as they are not vascularised and leave no scar when removed. The stems contain an elliptical exarch xylem having both annular and spirally thickened tracheids; very little is known about the sporangia.
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Sculpture: the base is ornamented with spaced spiral grooves. These occur, but fainter, on the penultimate whorl. The protoconch, embracing 2½ whorls, is more strongly spirally furrowed. The large aperture is round.
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The small shells have an elongate fusiform shape. They are generally strongly spirally sculptured. The flattened shells are crossed by longitudinal plicae and revolving lirae. The aperture is long and narrowly oval.
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The fusiform shell is not umbilicate, anteriorly rostrate and obliquely folded. The shell is spirally furrowed by lirae. The aperture ends in a short siphonal canal. The simple columella is not folded.
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The length of the shell varies between 14 mm and 17 mm. The shell isovately oblong. Its color is reddish brown. The whorls are onvex, lineated spirally, ribbed longitudinally, ribs almost obsolete.
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The shell grows to a length of 6 mm. The narrowly umbilicate shell is depressed conoidal, and solid. This lusterless shell is whitish. The upper surface is spirally banded with dark brown.
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Their interstices are spirally striate. The prominent spire contains three bicarinate whorls, the last notably so. They are concave above the carina and plicate below the sutures. The rounded aperture is oblique.
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The thick, solid shell is imperforate, elevated-conical, granulated or spirally ribbed. The periphery is rounded or obtusely angular. The small aperture is ovate. The outer lip is thick and crenulated within.
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The five whorls are declivous above and spirally deeply sulcate. The sulci are subgranulose. The body whorl is large with a perforate base. The very oblique aperture is circular and pearly within.
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The rounded, elevated spiral riblets are prominent. These are much closer together on approaching the aperture. The Interstices are distantly microscopically spirally striate. The large, convex body whorl contains 17 radial riblets.
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The length of the shell attains 9 mm. The shell is spirally costate. Its color is white, fasciate with light brown. The outer lip crenulate, ridged within, with a shallow, wide sinus.
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The subsequent whorls show lirate ribs. They are spirally crossed by denser lirae forming gemmules in the junctions. The white aperture is ovate-oblong with a glassy interior. The outer lip is thin.
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The aperture is brown. The shell of the subspecies P. t. aurantia is orange-colored, sometimes spirally striate. G.W. Tryon (1884) Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species, vol.
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It contains gray longitudinal flames of different shapes. The body whorl increases rapidly in size. It is regularly spirally sulcated and longitudinally crossed with dark spots. At the periphery it is rotund-angulate.
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The lip within is thickened and sulcate. The basal margin is crenulate. The columella is tuberculose, above twisted plicate, below obsoletely truncate. The white umbilical area is spirally plicate with a crenulate margin.
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The oval shell is intermediate between Stomatella and Gena in contour. The very short spire is sub-marginal. The surface is spirally striated or decussated. The very large aperture is longer than wide.
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The length of the shell attains 11 mm. The white shell is spirally costate. The outer lip is crenulated, with a shallow sinus near the suture. The columellar lip shows a median plication.
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The size of the shell varies between 0.75 mm and 1.5 mm. The shell is narrowly umbilicated. It is pellucid, yellowish white. The short, obtuse spire is smooth, microscopically rugulose and spirally striate.
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The surface is shining and polished. It is spirally sculptured by numerous low wide riblets. The striae of increment are fine. The spire is conical, small and acute with 5 to 6 whorls.
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The whorls are spirally lirated with minute nodules. The penultimate whorl is trilirate. The body whorl is inflated, globose and almost square-shaped. The aperture is subcircular and silvery white on the inside.
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The length of the shell attains 21.5 mm, its diameter 10.1 mm. (Original description) The fusiform shell has an acute spire. The rounded whorls are closely spirally striated. The spire whorls are obliquely plicated.
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The brown shell grows to a length of 9 mm. The whorls show three cingulae and two lirae. The body whorl is spirally multicingulate and longitudinally lirulate. The suture is slightly but distinctly incised.
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The columella is smooth, white and not callous. Obliquely attenuated in front, the siphonal canal is ample. Flaring a little in front, axis impervious. The back of the siphonal canal is closely spirally threaded.
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The ovate-conic shell is perforate, solid, and shining. The sutures are impressed. The 5-6 whorls are convex, rounded, and spirally lirate. The body whorl exceeds the balance of the shell in length.
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The nuclear whorl is smooth. The next ones contain three carinae. The base of the shell has about twelve spiral, nodulous ribs with some intermediate, smaller ones. The umbilical region is slightly excavated spirally.
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The about 5 whorls are slightly convex, lusterless, and spirally lirate. The lirae number about 9 on the penultimate whorl. The body whorl is high. The lip is a little deflected toward the aperture.
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The spire is conical with an acute apex. The about five whorls are convex. The first one is eroded, the penultimate is very strongly spirally tricostate. The body whorl has about seven strong carinae.
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The small shell is spirally lirate, depressed, and umbilicate. The body whorl is deflected toward the aperture. The oblique aperture is rounded-quadrangular. The terminations of the lips are approaching, connected by a callus.
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The size of the shell varies between 1.5 mm and 3 mm. The thin, ventricose shell is extremely minute. It has a globosely turbinate shape. The short spire is obtuse, and densely spirally striate.
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Flowers are borne in "scorpioid cymes," i.e. on spirally curving stems resembling a scorpion's tail or a half- unfurled fiddlehead fern leaf. Flowers are deep blue-purple with a yellow center.Watson, Hewett Cottrell. 1844.
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The length of the shell measures 3.5 mm. The white shell is a little shining, translucent, and spirally cingulated. The interstices are longitudinally striated. The teleoconch contains nine whorls, the last with 4 cingulations.
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Its color is white, ornamented with oblique black flammules. The six whorls show a coronal series of tubercles. They are carinated with a nodulose carina. They are channelled below the carina, and spirally bistriate.
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The length of the dark white, fusiform shell attains 4.5 mm, its diameter 2 mm. The shell contains 7 whorls and is distinctly spirally striated. The aperture is oblong. The sinus is very short.
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The size of the shell varies between 5 mm and 15 mm. The whitish shell has a depressed turbinate shape. It is spirally costate, with the costae slightly tuberculate above. The suture is channeled.
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The leaves are spirally- arranged leaves at the end of branches. Karagumoy is dioecious with separate male and female plants. The fruits resemble jackfruit. They have an elongated capsule shape covered with small spines.
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They are spirally cingulate, the penultimate whorls with 8 cinguli. The body whorl is elongated, rounded in the middle, appressed below the suture, convex beneath. The aperture is ovate-subquadrate. The lip is crenulated.
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The shrub has spirally arranged leaves. The lower half of its leaves are hairy. It grows from 0.3 to 0.6 m tall, with dense white flowers that flower from late spring to mid-summer.
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The shell size varies between 5 mm and 13 mm. The shell has nine whorls. Each whorl contains nine ribs, narrow, flexuous, with wider interspaces, spirally slightly and finely striate. The narrow aperture is long.
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The length of the shell attains 10 mm. The shell is slightly shouldered. It is longitudinally obliquely ribbed, very closely spirally striated. Its color is white, with sometimes an orange-brown band below the periphery.
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The length of the shell varies between 2 mm and 3 mm. (Original description) The minute, solid shell has an elongate ovate shape. The lightbrown spire is rather short. It contains 6 whorls, spirally granulated.
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The length of the shell attains 9 mm. The shell is spirally ridged and closely longitudinally striated. The sinus is deep. The color of the shell is whitish, stained here and there with orange- brown.
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A number of lines and ridges run transversely across the whorls, but none longitudinally. The columella is spirally twisted. The siphonal canal is very short, a little recurved. The outer lip is simple and sharp.
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The other whorls are impressed in the suture and ventricose. Eleven longitudinally oblique ribs run as deep as the body whorl. They are spirally striate, above and next to the sutures. The aperture is oblong.
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The shell is rather largely, excavately umbilicated, and shortly conical. Its color is ashgreen, obliquely flamed with black. The whorls are flatly convex, spirally very closely gemmed with regular grains. The base is grain-ridged.
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The size of the shell attains 2 mm. The white shell is widely umbilicated and has a turbinate shape. The spire is elevated, with an obtuse apex. The three whorls are rounded and spirally striate.
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The shell is longitudinally plicated. The wider interstices are spirally striated. The plicae continue to the base. The six whorls of the teleoconch are slightly convex, with a well-impressed suture and a small plait.
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The short spire is generally eroded more or less. The apex is acute or eroded. The 4 to 5 whorls are slightly convex, spirally finely striate, the striae often almost obsolete. The aperture is rounded.
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Asci are clavate and measure 20–35 x 150–250 μm. Ascospores are hyaline, uniformly filamentous, and spirally flexed within asci. They measure 5–10 x 200–250 μm and are 4- to 10-septate.
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The shell grows to a length of 60 mm. The solid, imperforate shell has an ovate-ventricose shape with a short, acute spire. The five whorls are convex and spirally lirate. The sutures are canaliculate.
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The planorbular, white shell is cancellated with elevated, decussating tansverse and longitudinal lines. It is very widely umbilicated. The spire is excavated. The whorls are rapidly increasing, spirally striated, with a sloping, smooth sutural margin.
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The length of the shell attains 7 mm. (Original description) The minute shell has a blunt protoconch. The second whorl shows a peripheral keel. The seven subsequent whorls are moderately rounded, axially and spirally sculptured whorls.
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The columella is spirally twisted. The outer lip is rather thickened and delicately denticulated within. The sinus is small and distinct. The color of the shell is whitish, washed with clouded yellow streaks, the apex pink.
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The leaves were evergreen and arranged spirally. They were flattened against each other (appressed) and scale-like (imbricate). They were rhomboidal in shape, long and at its widest. They tapered gradually into a distal subacute point.
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The shell grows to a length of 24 mm. The umbilicate, conical shell is solid. It is whitish, and maculated with purplish or yellowish. The six whorls are bicarinate at the periphery, all over spirally lirate.
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The base of the shell shows narrow radiating stripes or tessellations of the same shade. The about six whorls are planulate or slightly concave above. The whitish apex is eroded. The succeeding whorls are spirally beaded.
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The acute apex is flesh colored. The five whorls are slightly convex. They are spirally encircled by regularly granose subequal lirae. These number about 6 on the penultimate whorl, 11 to 13 on the last whorl.
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The uppermost whorls are flat, and spirally striate. The penultimate whorl is convex. The last whorl is completely smooth, obliquely descending, flatly depressed above, almost concave. The aperture is almost exactly like that of Monodonta canalifera.
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This genus consists of thin, small, shining globose species with a turbinate shape. It has rounded, smooth or spirally striate, convex whorls. The aperture is rounded. The outer lip and columella are simple, thin and arcuate.
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The five whorls are spirally lirate. The lira is largest at the middle of the whorl and causes sometimes a slight carina there. The body whorl is slightly but abruptly deflected anteriorly. The circular aperture is white.
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These ribs continue on the suture for about half a whorl. The interstices of the ribs are faintly spirally scratched. The very oblique aperture is circular and fortified by a varix.Hedley Charles (1902) Studies on Australian Mollusca.
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Xolotl statue displayed at the Museo Nacional de Antropología in Mexico City. link=File:Kodeks borbonic.jpg Xolotl was the sinister god of monstrosities who wears the spirally-twisted wind jewel and the ear ornaments of Quetzalcoatl.Seler 2010 p.
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Behind the carina, the shell is feebly, and in front of it strongly spirally grooved with wider flat interspaces. The aperture is simple. The outer lip is thin and produced. The inner lip is erased and white.
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The spirals are usually articulated with rose-red and opaque white or greenish-yellow. The base is rounded and finely spirally threaded. The umbilicus is not carinated nor marked by special sculpture. The aperture rounded and oblique.
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The small, rather solid shell is spirally striated. It is not iridescent. Its colour is yellowish white or pale brownish with irregular waved longitudinal bands of brown, which are rather indistinct. The spire is depressed and obtuse.
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The size of the shell attains 2 mm. The solid, semipellucid, white shell is widely, perspectively umbilicated. It is finely spirally lirate, crossed by close incremental stripe. The three whorls are convex, and moderately increasing in size.
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The 4 to 5 whorls are moderately convex. They are obliquely striate and spirally sulcate. The body whorl is ample, rounded, obsoletely angulated above and marginated at the suture. It is white, with radiating flexuous red lines.
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The apex is usually perfect and acute, often ruddy. The five whorls are slightly convex. The increase very rapidly in size. They are spirally strongly costate, the ridges 13 or 14 in number on the last whorl .
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The orbicular shell is, depressed, smooth, and polished. The axis is imperforate. The columella is spirally twisted above, forming a false- umbilicus, with a simple margin. The columella has an edentulate edge and ends in a point.
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Stanford University Press: Stanford, CA. The spire is low-conoidal. The minute apex is subacute, and spirally striate ; when perfect, the apical whorls are variegated. The 6 whorls widen rapidly. They are nearly plane and sloping above.
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The apex is acute. The sutures are linear. The about 8 whorls are flat, very finely, evenly, densely spirally striate, the stride sometimes subdecussated by delicate oblique growth-lines. The body whorl is carinate at the periphery.
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The thick shell is broadly ovate or globular and low-spired. It has a smooth surface. The shells are spirally ribbed or show some axial sculpturing. The ventral side has a large columellar callus or parietal wall.
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The surface of the shell is marked by strong axial ribs. The intercostal spaces are spirally pitted. The early teleoconch whorls are sculptured differently from the later ones. The shell is umbilicated and contains two columellar folds.
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The shell contains seven or eight whorls, slightly ventricose, uniformly spirally lirate. The interstices when viewed with a lens are beautifully decussate. The aperture is wide. The outer lip is thickened, transversely striate, as are the whorls.
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The nodes on the upper carina become little raised hollow rounded squamae on the second whorl. The aperture has a reflexed and thickened margin. The umbilicus is very wide and spirally dentate. This shell is nacreous within.
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A very beautiful spirally carinate and lirate species. The short canal and wide sinus proclaim it rightly placed in Microdrillia and the acute carinae are peculiar. The aperture is oblique and oblong. The columella contains no plications.
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This area is spirally sculptured with numerous, very fine, close-set threads, one of which, two-thirds of the way to the keel, is more prominent than the others. These are crossed by numerous rather irregular low sharp ridges strongest near the keel, which they nodulate more or less, especially on the earlier whorls, and, fading out toward the suture, faintly reticulating the spirals. The keel is high, sharply compressed below, with a rounded edge. The whorl in front of it is spirally sculptured with numerous flat low ridges with narrower channelled interspaces.
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The sculpture consists of numerous, rather narrow, axial ribs, about 20 stronger and weaker ones on the body whorl, that behind the peristome very strong and varix-like; these ribs run from one suture to the other on upper whorls, but are faint towards the base of body whorl, and disappear on the siphonal canal, which is spirally lirate. The upper part of the whorls is very faintly spirally striated. The aperture is ovate, with an angle above, but scarcely with a sinus. The peristome is thin, slightly curved.
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Oxidation will degrade the membranes to a point where they will no longer perform at rated rejection levels and have to be replaced. Bleach can be added to a sodium hydroxide CIP during an initial system start-up before spirally-wound membranes are loaded into the plant to help disinfect the system. Bleach is also used to CIP perforated stainless steel (Graver) membranes, as their tolerance for sodium hypochlorite is much higher than a spirally-wound membrane. Caustics and acids are most often used as primary CIP chemicals.
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The subsequent whorls are ventricose and impressed at the suture. They are spirally crossed by 3 - 4 thick lirae. The whorls are longitudinally ribbed, fourteen on the body whorl. The ribs on the upper whorls are somewhat rougher.
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The length of the shell attains 10 mm, its diameter 4.25 mm. The white oblong-ovate shell is sparsely maculate with red dots. The spire is acutely conical. The shell contains 6 convex, rounded whorls, subtly spirally striated.
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The shell grows to a length of 4 mm. The shell is narrowly umbilicated, faintly spirally striate, with hardly visible longitudinal striae. It is dark purplish black, with a few irregular white markings. The three whorls are convex.
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Nagarevi Cave formed in Cretaceous limestones in Okriba karst massif. Cave total length is 140 m. From entrance main pathway descends spirally downstream and forms a narrow tunnel. The front part of the cave has two storeys layout.
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The following whorls are whitish buff, radiately flamed with brown and reddish. They are spirally cingulate with six granose cinguli. The upper 5 are small, separated by equal interstices. The lower cingulus is wider, more prominent and subcrenate.
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The base of the shell is short, and marked by 6 spiral lines. The aperture is subquadrate. The columella is strongly twisted. The shell is remarkable for its deep furrow and the suddenly shortened and spirally sculptured base.
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The size of the shell varies between 7 mm and 13 mm. The depressed, spirally grooved shell has a conical shape. It is pale reddish, ornamented with rows of white and brown spots. The; ribs are slightly granulated.
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A genus related to Liotia, but without a varix to the outer lip. The species are few-whorled and spirally sculptured. Their umbilicus has an internal funicle. The operculum is corneous, concave, multispiral, with a spiral frilled lamella.
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The protoconch is small, acute, and consists of two convex, light- brown, and finely spirally striate whorls. The six whorls are flatly convex. The body whorl is keeled at the periphery. The base of the shell is convex.
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The sutures are impressed. The about 4½ whorls are convex, rounded, all over finely regularly spirally lirulate. The body whorl is rounded at the periphery, or very bluntly subangular. It is convex beneath and impressed around the umbilicus.
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The shell contains seven whorls with much impressed sutures. The whorls are irregularly spirally deeply lirate. The lirae are conspicuously sulculose with triangular blotches of black-brown painting. The smooth base is plane but triangular at the periphery.
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The spire is short, conoidal to conical. The apex is rounded or acute. The protoconch consists of two spirally striate and lightly pearly whorls, sometimes reddish. The 4 to 5 whorls are slightly convex and rapidly increase in size.
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The body whorl, equalling the others in size, is almost entirely grooved and spirally lirate. The liree below are rufous-spotted. The outer lip is thin, perhaps not quite fully developed. The sinus is well marked but not deep.
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Above this the angle is spirally striated with numerous striae. Near the apex it is very slightly granular. The interior of the aperture has a beautiful pink color, white near the margin. The epidermis is thin, smoothish and compact.
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The length of the shell attains 5.5 mm, its diameter 6 mm. The small, somewhat solid shell has a conical shape. It is lustreless, with a false umbilicus. The sculpture of the entire surface is closely finely spirally striate.
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The main trunk soon divides into several stout stems which repeatedly branch as they clamber over their host trees. After the fruit have fallen, the stems elongate into tendrils which wist spirally and secure the vine to its host.
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The height of the shell attains 3½ mm, its diameter also 3½ mm. The shell has a globose- conoidal shape and is profoundly umbilicated. It contains 4½ convex whorls with a short and obtuse spire. It is spirally lirated.
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The six whorls are convex, striate and spirally lirate. The ridges are unequal, wider than the interspaces, frequently with interstitial lirulae. The large aperture lis oval and white within. The outer lip is frequently green-tinged and is fluted.
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The height of the shell attains 11 mm. This shining shell with red spots has a depressed-orbicular shape and is smooth below. The gradate, conical spire has an acute apex. It contains 6½ whorls with spirally granulated lirae.
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The last half whorl is carinate. The elevated spire is turreted with moderate inflated whorls that are constricted at the suture. The shell is spirally sculptured. The spirals are sharp and acutely granose and tend to alternate in size.
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The umbilicate, reddish yellow shell has an ovate-conoid, trochiform shape. It is thick, slightly elevated, and below subdepressed. The spire is obtuse. It contains 5-6 slightly convex whorls that are longitudinally and obliquely striate, spirally granose-lirate.
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The minute apical whorl is smooth. The following whorls, to the number of three or less, are granulate. Then there are several spirally grooved whorls, the lower ones either smooth or grooved. The distinct supra-sutural fasciole is articulated.
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In the event of injury to the bark, a milky juice is released. The leaves are alternate and spirally arranged. They are gummy and thick and are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is long.
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It produces a tuft of erect stems 20 to 40 centimeters tall. Each stem is spirally twisted and contracted near the tip, becoming somewhat flattened. The spikelet is under a centimeter long and contains up to 10 tiny flowers.
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The spire is elevated and slender. The dark apex is a little blunt. The about 9 whorls are, very slightly convex, and a trifle impressed below the sutures. The surface (under a lens) is very densely, finely spirally striate.
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The sutures are markedly canaliculate. The whorls (about 7) are convex and spirally lirate. Their interstices are obliquely regularly crispate-striate. The 5 or 6 lirae on the penultimate whorl are frequently grooved, and usually with lirulae between them.
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The height of the shell attains 45 mm, its diameter 40 mm. The shell is somewhat globose, swollen, and imperforated. The sutures of the spire are excavately channelled and spirally ridged. These ridges are very finely laminiferous and squamate.
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The five whorls are sloping above, convex, longitudinally irregularly striate, and spirally costate. The costae are rugose, irregular, slightly elevated, about four on the penultimate whorl, twelve on the body whorl. The aperture is circular. The peristome is simple.
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The length of the shell attains 30 mm. The shell is sharply turreted, longitudinally ribbed and spirally striated. It is yellowish brown, the ribs reddish brown. G.W. Tryon (1884) Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species, vol.
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The length of the shell varies between 11 mm and 40 mm The ribs are slightly nodulous. The columella is spirally plaited. The siphonal canal is very short and slightly recurved. The outer lip is somewhat thin, without external varix.
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The inner surface is silvery, iridescent, and spirally grooved. The columellar plate is very wide above, flat, not quite covering the small spire-cavity. The open perforations number four to five. They are small, oval, their edges a trifle raised.
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The granules on the cauda are large and are alternately white and pale brown. The shell contains probably 10 whorls (the apex is broken off). The remaining whorls of the protoconch are spirally striated. The next whorls are somewhat convex below.
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It is spirally lirate towards the base and scarcely rostrate. The aperture is oblong, its interior smooth and, brown. The columella is rather straight . The outer lip is thin, arched, with a moderate posterior sinus situated close to the suture.
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The first two are yellow or rosy and smooth. The rest are coarsely spirally lirate with 6 or 7 lirae on the penultimate whorl. The lirae are separated by deep interstices which sometimes intersect the colored stripes. The spire is short.
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The height of the shell attains 19 mm, its diameter 18 mm. The imperforate, rather thin shell has a conoidal shape. Its apex is subacute . The 5½ whorls are moderately convex, nearly smooth, the upper ones eroded, spirally striate and yellow.
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The size of the shell varies between 5 mm and 20 mm. The shell has an elongated, rather narrow Haliotis-shape. It is smooth, polished, except for the growth lines near the lip. The body whorl is not spirally striate.
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The shell has an ovate-conic or pyramidal shape. It is imperforate, smooth or spirally sculptured outside, brilliantly iridescent within. The colors are generally bright and variegated. The aperture is less than half the length of shell, longer than wide, ovate.
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Its color is yellowish, obscurely maculate with brown. The seven whorls are convex. The apical whorls is smooth, following 3 or 4 granulate whorls. The rest is densely spirally striate, with light incremental lines which decussate the lirulae, especially beneath.
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The length of the shell varies between 18 mm and 45 mm. The orbicular, imperforate shell is conoid with an acute apex. It is of pale flesh-color, maculated with bright rufous. The convex whorls are spirally sculptured with granulose lirae.
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The apex is almost always pink. The six whorls are convex, separated by subcanaliculate sutures. The upper two whorls are smooth, the lower spirally lirate and radiately more or less squamose striate. The lirae are sometimes subequal and nearly smooth.
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The shell grows to a length of 20 mm. The imperforated shell is somewhat pyramidally ovate. The sutures of the spire are excavated. The whorls are spirally squamately ridged, slanting around the upper part, sharply angled, erectly squamate at the angle.
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Leaves aerial, elliptical to lanceolate or linear-lanceolate. Flowers hermaphrodite, in 1 - 3 whorls in umbels or racemes, or long- pedunculate in leaf-axils. Stamens 6. Carpels numerous, spirally arranged in a globose head, free, each with 1 ovule; styles apical.
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They are spirally cingulate, with 6 lirae on penultimate whorl. The body whorl is subangular, a little depressed above, dilated in the middle. The base of the shell is convex and ornamented with about 8 lirae. The aperture is rhomboidal.
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The conic spire is straight sided. The acute apex is white or buf. The sutures are linear, becoming a trifle impressed around the body whorl. The about 7 whorls are planulate, densely spirally striate, the striae stronger on the base.
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These are swollen, gibbous and radiately plicate beneath the sutures, and with a rim or flange at the periphery. The entire surface is spirally finely striate. The base is convex. The aperture is very oblique, rounded-rhomboid, and smooth within.
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The 6-7 whorls are obliquely lamellose striate. The upper ones are carinate and tuberculate or spinose at the periphery. The body whorl descends rounded or bicarinate and is spirally lirate. The base of the shell is conspicuously radiately striate.
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The base of the shell is convex, spirally granulate-ribbed, and narrowly umbilicate. The aperture is subrotund. The outer lip is regularly arched, its edge rather obtuse, and sulcate inside. The columella is straight, obliquely sloping, with a small tooth below.
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The leaves are generally arranged spirally, but have an opposite arrangement in some species. They can be simple or pinnately compound (either odd- or even-pinnate). Compound leaves appear in around 30 genera. The leaf margin is most often serrate.
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The length of the shell varies between 50 mm and 100 mm. The large, solid, umbilicate shell has a turbinate shape. Its color pattern is white, sometimes sparsely maculate with chestnut. The six whorls are striate, spirally lirate, and bicarinate.
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The length of the shell varies between 15 mm and 45 mm. The shell is ovately turbinated, slightly perforated, somewhat tubulous and spirally ridged. The ridges are smooth alternately rather smaller, squamose. The scales are most prominent on the body whorl.
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The cones and seeds of Sciadopitys (the only member of the family) are similar to those of some Cupressaceae, but larger, 6–11 cm long; the scales are imbricate and spirally arranged, and have 5-9 ovules on each scale.
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The leaves are simple and spirally arranged. The flowers are solitary, or in terminal racemes, with five sepals and five petals, numerous stamens, and a cluster of five to 20 carpels; they are superficially similar in appearance to Magnolia flowers.
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The size of the shell attains 9 mm. The rather thick shell is narrowly and profoundly perforate and has a conoid shape. It is dull cinereous, ornamented with castaneous radiating flammules. The six whorls are rather convex and spirally finely lirate.
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The leaves of Pandanus tectorius are usually in length and in width. They possess saw-like margins. Some varieties have spines along the edges and ribs throughout the leaves. The leaves are spirally arranged at the end of the branches.
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The height of the shell attains 9 mm, its width 3.7 mm. The smooth spire is acute The 7½ whorls are spirally grooved with the grooves finely transversely striated. There is also a central prominent spiral rib. The aperture is oblong.
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Others such as Araucaria columnaris have leaves that are awl-shaped. In the majority of conifers, the leaves are arranged spirally, exceptions being most of Cupressaceae and one genus in Podocarpaceae, where they are arranged in decussate opposite pairs or whorls of 3 (−4). In many species with spirally arranged leaves, such as Abies grandis (pictured), the leaf bases are twisted to present the leaves in a very flat plane for maximum light capture. Leaf size varies from 2 mm in many scale-leaved species, up to 400 mm long in the needles of some pines (e.g.
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The fasciole is strongly constricted, undulated by the ribs and spirally striated. Other spiral sculpture consists of (on the upper whorls one, on the later two) peripheral cords which are swollen where they pass over the ribs and on the anterior of which the suture is laid. On the body whorl there are six such cords with much wider spirally striated interspaces, and about five closer threads on the siphonal canal . The axial sculpture consists of (on the body whorl six) strong rounded ribs almost continuous up the spire, most prominent at the periphery and feeble on the base.
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The inflorescence, 3–7.5 m tall and wide, consists of the continuation of the stem and 15–30 upwardly-curving (first-order) branches spirally arranged on it. Each first-order branch has 15–25 rigid, distichously arranged second-order branches; each second-order branch has 10–12 rigid, distichously arranged third-order branches. Flower pairs are spirally arranged on the third-order branches, each pair consisting of one male and one hermaphrodite flower. The fruit is drupe-like, about 5 cm in diameter, covered in scales which turn from bright green to straw-coloured upon ripening.
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The length of the shell varies between 3.5 mm and 6 mm. (Original description) The small, solid shell has an elongate-oblong shape. The spire is moderately elevated, yellowish-white. It contains 8 convex whorls, constricted beneath the suture and spirally granulose.
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The length of the shell varies between 9 mm and 22 mm. The thin, transparent shell is spirally ridged, longitudinally very finely closely striated. The outer lip is crenulated within The small sinus is distinct. The shell has a pale golden color.
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These are globose, semidiaphanous, white, shining, the third being microscopically longitudinally striate. The subsequent whorls, all impressed suturally, are closely longitudinally ribbed. These ribs are close, shining, and smooth, obliquely flexuose, with the interstices finely spirally striate. The aperture is ovate- oblong.
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The length of the shell attains 9 mm, its diameter 3.9 mm. (Original description) The shell has a fusiform shape. The spire is produced, longer than the body whorl. The whorls are rounded, strongly spirally striated, and obliquely ribbed in the centre.
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The shell size varies between 7 mm and 25 mm. The oblong-ovate shell is spirally peculiarly rudely ridged. The ridges are very irregular and rather scaly, somewhat smooth next the perforations which are slightly tubiferous and distant. The coloration is reddish-orange.
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The sutures are linear. The five whorls are slightly convex, rapidly increasing and spirally obsoletely striate. The body whorl is usually depressed or subconcave below the suture. The base of the shell is rounded, eroded and iridescent in front of the aperture.
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The shell grows to a length of 2 mm – 3.5 mm. The shell is solid, semitransparent, and glossy. Its color is yellowish white or whitish, with a dark border below the suture The teleoconch contains 5–6 whorls. It is microscopically spirally striate.
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The plants are dioecious, with a globose or cylindrical stem, rarely dichotomously branched, that may be underground or emergent. Several species produce basal shoots or suckers. The leaves are pinnately compound, straight, and spirally arranged. Leaf bases are usually deciduous but sometimes persistent.
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The body whorl is rounded, and encircled by about 13 lirae. Those above the periphery are granulose, about as wide as the interstices, those beneath more separated and smoother. The interstices are finely spirally striate. The base of the shell is convex.
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The very heavy, thick, solid shell has a turbinate-conic shape. The shell is smooth or spirally ridged. The outer lip is plicate within. The short, porcellanous columella is strong, cylindrical, bulging or more or less toothed near or at the base.
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The sutural cingula are elevated, subundulate, spirally striate, and pallidly tessellate. The base of the shell is a little convex. It is covered with about 16 subgranose alternately larger and more delicate riblets. The umbilicus is narrow, surrounded by a white plate.
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It is a slender herbaceous plant growing to 80 cm tall, with spirally arranged narrow lanceolate leaves 1–2 cm long. The flowers are pale blue or lavender to white, often veined in darker blue, with five petals 1–1.5 cm long.
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The length of the shell varies between 35 mm and 80 mm. The subperforate, solid shell has an ovate-pointed shape. Its color pattern is brownish or white, marbled with chestnut. The six whorls are convex, spirally lirate and longitudinally regularly sublamellose striate.
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The apex is eroded or acute. The 6 to 7 whorls are flattened, scarcely convex, very obsoletely spirally grooved. The body whorl is acutely carinated at the periphery, flat or plano-concave beneath, concentrically lirate. The large aperture is subhorizontal, iridescent within.
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The about 8 whorls are flat above The sutures are scarcely marked. The first whorls of the apex when not smooth by erosion are spirally lirate. These lirae are dotted with red. The succeeding whorls are very closely, finely granulate in spiral series.
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The size of the shell varies between 10 mm and 20 mm. The globose-conic shell is more or less depressed. It is imperforate or very narrowly perforate. The sculpture is spirally finely striate, the striae becoming obsolete on the body whorl.
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These are convex and spirally lirate, mostly eroded. The spire contains about 5 whorls, the body whorl rather large, and rounded at the periphery The base of the shell is convex. The suture is impressed. The subquadrangular aperture is iridescent and lirate within.
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The larger keels are smooth or obsoletely granular. The five whorls are convex, the last obtusely angular. The base of the shell is flat or slightly convex and spirally lirate with equal lirae and spotted brown. The interstices are transversely neatly striate.
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The flowers are catkins; the male (pollen) catkins are 2–15 cm long, the female catkins 2.5–5 cm long at maturity, hard and woody, superficially resembling a conifer cone with spirally arranged scales. Galloyl pedunculagin can be found in P. strobilacea.
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The length of the shell attains 9 mm, its diameter 3 mm. (Original description) The fusiform shell is characterized by its stout build. The 8 whorls are once-angled. They are longitudinally crassicostate with straight ribs and spirally lirate with irregular lirae.
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The height of the white shell varies between 3 mm and 6 mm. It contains 3-4 whorls that increase rapidly in size. They are very convex and spirally striate. They contain thin, low, longitudinal, not synchronized varices; this makes it unusual.
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The shell is bullate, fairly thick, white, spirally striate, with a well- developed periostracum. There is no spire and no umbilicus. The columella is smooth and simple. The aperture extends for the whole length of the shell, and is narrower above than below.
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Their leaves are simply pinnate, spirally arranged, and interspersed with cataphylls. The leaflets are sometimes dichotomously divided. The leaflets occur with several sub-parallel, dichotomously-branching longitudinal veins; they lack a mid rib. Stomata occur either on both surfaces or undersurface only.
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More specifically, the petals are pink at the base and white at the top. Furthermore, flowers have cone-shaped receptacle that bears spirally arranged carpels from which styles emerge. Stamens are cream-white in color. In addition, flowers take several years to appear.
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The shell is strongly sculptured, longitudinally and spirally. The color of the shell is brownish white, brown-banded at the suture, and in the middle of the body whorl. The nodulous intersections of the sculpture are frequently brown-tipped.George Washington Tryon, Manual of Conchology vol.
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The length of the shell attains 13.5 mm, its diameter 5 mm. (Original description) The small shell is white and polished. The protoconch has an oblique smooth small apex and about one whorl, the latter part spirally striated. It has about 6½ subsequent whorls.
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The fourth whorl shows numerous somewhat undeveloped noduled riblets. The remaining eight whorls are spirally ornamented with close revolving lines, crossing the conspicuously noduled longitudinal ribs. The nodules are white. The body whorl is obliquely twelve- ribbed, below the periphery obscurely fasciated with white.
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The fruit is drupaceous and fleshy, forming an aggregate. The fruiting carpel is indehiscent, commonly on a long, spirally twisted peduncle, with each drupelet becoming very long-stalked. The fruit contains one nonendospermic seed with starch. The embryo can be straight or slightly curved.
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The length of the shell of this species attains 3.5 mm, its diameter 2 mm. (Original description) The ovate shell is narrowly perforate. It has a pale yellowish horn colour. The shell is very finely spirally striate and rather coarsely grooved towards the ends.
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The shell contains 3½ whorls, including a 1½ whorled protoconch. which is spirally lirate. The subsequent two whorls are rounded, crossed by strong axial ribs, about nine on the body whorl. They follow each other at the suture, and fade away on the base.
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They then turn hard and then brown as the tree matures. They are globular and in diameter. They have from 20 to 30 spirally arranged, four-sided scales, each bearing one, two, or rarely three triangular seeds. Each cone contains 20 to 40 large seeds.
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The shells of the species in this genus are low-spired and shaped like a button. The orbicular shell is depressed and imperforated. It is polished, porcellaneous and has a very thin pearly layer inside. The whorls are flattened above, bright, smooth or spirally grooved.
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The inflorescence has a diffuse compound umbel eith a length of with spherical to ovate shaped reddish-brown spikelets with a length of and a width of that are round or acute toward the apex. It has ovate long spirally arranged glumes and yellow anthers.
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The length of the shell attains 10 mm, its diameter 3.25 mm. (Original description) The dirty white, elongately turreted shell has an acuminate spire with a papillary apex . It contains 6½ convex whorls, barely angulate and densely spirally striated. The sutures are narrowly canaliculate.
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The spire is usually comparatively low. The shoulders of the whorls are often angular. The axial ribs are dominant in the sculpture of the shell. The spiral sculpture often consists of fine striae with a microsculpture of spirally aligned granules (especially on the subsutural ramp).
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In the finger pads, sweat glands pores are somewhat irregularly spaced on the epidermal ridges. There are no pores between the ridges, though sweat tends to spill into them. The thick epidermis of the palms and soles causes the sweat glands to become spirally coiled.
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They are annual or perennial herbaceous vines, bines and (a few species of) woody shrubs, growing to 0.3–3 m tall. The leaves are spirally arranged, and the flowers trumpet-shaped, mostly white or pink, but blue, violet, purple, or yellow in some species.
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The conical, turreted spire is acuminate and somewhat scalariform. The about 7 whorls are very convex, spirally lirate, and radiately costate above. They are bicarinated at the periphery, and encircled by a deep canal. The convex base of the shell bears about 5 spiral lirae.
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The sutures are simple and impressed. The 5 to 6 whorls are convex. The upper surface is marked with obsolete, frequently almost imperceptible line, the interstices between them finely spirally striate. The base of the shell is smoother, and lightly concentrically marked around the center.
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The variegated surface is spirally ribbed. The large aperture is wider than the long, nacreous interior. The horny operculum is circular and multispiral.G.W. Tryon (continued by Pilsbry) (1890) Manual of Conchology XII Stomatellidae, Scissurellidae, Pleurotomariidae, Haliotidae, Scutellinidae, Addisoniidae, Cocculinidae, Fissurellidae The foot is truncated posteriorly.
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The thin, subdiaphanous, imperforate shell has a conoidal shape. The whorls display transverse series of granules, the last rounded on the periphery. The thick columella is spirally twisted posteriorly, ending anteriorly in an obtuse, prominent point. The thin outer lip is simple and acute.
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As attested by the epithet, the small, depressed-globose shell of this species has few, prominent spiral ribs. The shell grows to a height of 4 mm. The shell is solid and imperforate. The four whorls rapidly increase and are very strongly spirally lirate.
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The length of the shell varies between 50 mm and 120 mm. The large, solid shell has a globose-conic shape. It is ventricose and imperforate. Its color is green, irregularly mottled and spirally striped with chestnut, closely irregularly striate with the same color.
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The tepals twist spirally after flowering and later fall. There are six stamens which are attached to the base of the perianth. The filaments are 3–6 mm long with tufts of clavate hairs below the anthers (which are ovate, and 0.6–0.9 mm long).
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The size of the shell varies between 15 mm and 25 mm. The shell has an erectly conical shape but is rather swollen at the base. It is transparent white, encircled by a necklace of violet spots. The whorls are concavely sloping, spirally ridged.
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It is usually eroded at the apex and contains 4 to 5 whorls. The upper ones are spirally sulcate or carinate. The body whorl is large, flattened above, with incremental wrinkles and subobsolete spiral sulci. The large aperture is oblique, rounded, pearly white within.
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The first whorls are smooth. The following whorls are spirally, delicately sulcate, with an elevated ridge in the middle. The body whorl is bicingulate, the cinguli elevated and distant. The convex base of the shell is concentrically lirate with the lirae larger around the umbilicus.
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They are spirally cingulate above with 4 elegantly granulate ridges, the upper and lower the larger. The body whorl is acutely carinated. The base of the shell is slightly convex, ornamented with 8 to 9 granose cinguli . The oblique aperture is rhomboidal and narrow.
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These are tumid below the sutures and sometimes obsoletely plicate there and spirally lirate. The body whorl is tumid at the periphery and convex beneath. The columella is slightly sinuous and prominent in the middle. The white umbilicus is funnel- shaped when open, frequently closed.
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G.W. Tryon (1888), Manual of Conchology X; Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia The imperforate shell is acutely ovate. The convex whorls are spirally lirate and longitudinally striate. The columella is callous, and toothed below. The outer lip is smooth or toothed within, and varicose exteriorly.
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The sutures are subcanaliculate. The five convex whorls are encircled by strong spiral ridges, 3 on the upper, 4 on the body whorl, the fourth forming the periphery. The interstices are spirally striate, below the suture radiately lamellose striate. The base contains numerous concentric lirae.
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Chaetomium iranianum is a fungus species in the Chaetomium genus, first isolated from Iran. It shares features such as peridium structure, ascospore morphology and germ pore position with its cogenerates. This species in particular can be characterized by spirally coiled ascomatal hairs and fusiform ascospores.
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Chaetomium truncatulum is a fungus species in the Chaetomium genus, first isolated from Iran. It shares features such as peridium structure, ascospore morphology and germ pore position with its cogenerates. This species in particular can be characterized by spirally coiled ascomatal hairs and fusiform ascospores.
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The height of the shell varies between 3 mm and 14 mm. The perforate shell is spirally striate, rather indistinctly longitudinally ribbed. The ribs are low and wide, rounded, and undulate the peripheral carina. The aperture is produced below into a short, narrow canal.
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They are arranged spirally. The wall of the sporangium typically lacks any pigment, but sometimes it may be streaked with brown. The velum covers less than a quarter of the sporangium. The megaspores are white in colour and measure 400 to 560 μm in diameter.
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The cyrtoconoid (= approaching a conical shape but with convex sides) shell is usually perforate or umbilicate. The spire is moderately elevated. The whorls are often gibbous or tuberculose beneath the sutures, smooth or spirally ribbed. The last whorl is generally angular at the periphery.
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The shell has the shape of a very slender, elongated cone. Its length measures between 3.3 mm and 4.5 mm. Its colour is whitish, sometimes with a very faint yellowish-brown, spiral band around the periphery. The whorls of the protoconch are somewhat spirally coiled.
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The shell shows a fine lamellar sculpture. The circular aperture is feebly nacreous. The thick peristome is continuous and shows a callous varix. The multispiral operculum is hispid, corneous and has a soft, calcareous outer layer (intritacalx) formed of pearly beads that are disposed spirally.
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The length of the shell attains 6.5 mm. (Original description) The spire of this minute and mitriform shell is produced and acute. It contains 6½ whorls, the first 1½ whorls are embryonic and polished. The others are angled, strongly longitudinally costate and delicately spirally lined.
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The inner elliptical petals are 11-21 by 6-11 millimeters. The outer surfaces of the petals are covered in dense gold colored hairs, while the inner surfaces are hairless or only sparsely hairy. Its numerous, spirally-arranged stamens are 1.5-2 millimeters long.
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Bispira is a genus of marine bristleworm in the family Sabellidae. Its members were initially included in genus Sabella by Grube in 1851. In 1856, Krøyer described Bispira as a separate genus. Members of Bispira are defined by spirally-coiled, equally-divided branchial lobes.
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In addition, they are taper-pointed at the tip and wedge-shaped at the base with a short petiole of up to ¾ inches, or 2 centimeters. Furthermore, leaves are arranged in an alternative pattern. Leaves have pinnate venation. Moreover, stamens and carpels are spirally arranged.
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It contains 7 whorls, including the protoconch. These are convex, elegantly thickly obliquely ribbed, and thickly spirally lirate. The body whorl contains 14 rounded, subelevate ribs. The lirae are small, distant, subelevate, regular, passing over the ribs The apex of two whorls is smooth and elongate.
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The shell is spirally striate, decussated by growth lines. The outer lip is thin and scarcely sinuate.G.W. Tryon (1884) Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species, vol. VI; Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences The species was described from a single broken specimen.
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The suture is distinct and slightly appressed. The anal fasciole is slightly constricted. The spiral sculpture consists of sharp narrow grooves, with much wider flat smooth interspaces. There are about eleven of the grooves on the body whorl between the shoulder and the spirally threaded siphonal fasciole.
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The whorls are crossed by oblique axial ribs, 10 on the first whorl (as preserved, possibly this is the 2nd), increasing to 11 (12) on the body whorl. They are very finely spirally striated throughout. The whorl equals in length to the spire. It is obtusely angled.
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The size of an adult shell varies between 50 mm and 136 mm. The spire is obsoletely tuberculate or smooth and rather depressed. The thick shell has nodular shoulders of whorls. The body whorl is bordered by a broad shoulder and is spirally ridged at the base.
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Variable dependent on how it is grown and light levels. Leaves dark green above and purple to violet beneath. Flowers may be produced even when grown completely submersed. The inflorescence reaches about 10 inches (25 cm) with the spathe elongated into a purple-red, spirally-coiled blade.
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The about 6 whorls are spirally coarsely but obsoletely lirate. The large aperture lis oblique with a black border and is silvery within. The simple columella is white or yellowish, bordered by a dull purplish streak. The parietal wall is usually covered by a thin silvery callus.
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The conic spire is acute. The sutures are subcanaliculate. The five to six whorls are convex, spirally granose-lirate. The body whorl is rounded, encircled by 14 or 15 conspicuously granose equal ridges, the interstices finely obliquely striate, and with more or less obvious spiral striae.
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T. buckleyi is a perennial with trailing, loosely branched stems up to 50 cm in length. The succulent, elliptic leaves are spirally arranged and may reach 12 × 3.5 cm. Their color ranges from dark green to purplish. Roots are tuberous, tufted, and can form at nodes.
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The suture is canaliculate. The 5–6 whorls are lamellosely densely striate and spirally irregularly lirate. They are carinated, usually more or less nodose at the shoulder, and bear a subsutural series of stout erect tubercles. The rounded aperture measures half the length of the shell.
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They are spirally traversed by five very finely granulose lirae, the first two small, third larger, fourth small, fifth larger than the others. The suture is profoundly impressed and canaliculate. The body whorl contains 8 lirae on the base encircling the umbilicus. The columella is unequally bidentate.
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The height of the shell attains 5 mm, its diameter 8 mm. The small, shining, crimson, depressed shell has a trochiform shape. It is umbilicated, spirally striated, an rather solid. The sculpture of the post -embryonic whorls consist of fine somewhat unequal spiral striae, with linear interspaces.
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They are spirally sulcate, the sulci about 5 on the penultimate whorl. The body whorl is much dilated, slightly depressed above, rounded in the middle, very obliquely striate, obsoletely transversely sulcate, slightly convex beneath. The aperture is subrhomboidal and lirate within. The acute lip is green.
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The aperture is very oblique and rhomboidal. The outer lip is sharp, bevelled within and carrying a strong deep-seated tubercle. The parietal callus is coarsely wrinkled. The columella spirally ascends the umbilicus, terminating anteriorly in a massive bifid tooth, and higher up supporting a small tubercle.
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The shell contains 7 whorls. The first whorl is eroded, the remainder are angulated and nodulose above. Above the carina the shell is obliquely nodulose, below the carina spirally lirate with 4 lirae. The body whorl is biangular, convex beneath, and has 7 concentric brown-spotted lirae.
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The shell grows to a length of 8 mm, its diameter also 8 mm. The small, imperforate shell has a conical shape. It is spirally striated. Its sculpture consistis of numerous fine and inconspicuous spiral striae, more distinct and a little further apart on the base.
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Plants in the family Xyridaceae are tufted herbs and usually perennial. The leaves ascend from the bottom of the plant and are arranged spirally. The flowers are spherical, and all Tasmanian varieties have yellow flowers. Typically, they will have three sepals, three petals, and three stamens.
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The base is spirally striated. The type is worn—the protoconch damaged, and the outer lip broken away for a quarter of a whorl. There are spiral striations between the main spirals, and these are strongest on the somewhat hollow infrasutural tabulation. There is no anal fasciole.
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It is at right angles to the shell's length and terminal. Its colour is white with irregular crimson splashes spirally arranged along the back. Its sculpture consists of fine spiral grooves decussated by growth lines. The peristome is nearly in one plane and is angled above.
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The ventricose, closely spirally lirate whorls seem characteristic. Only one specimen occurred, from the abysmal depth recorded. It may be many years before another specimen is brought to light. We should imagine a full-grown shell would be at least twice the size, say 35 mm.
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The base of the shell is flat, spirally, subobsoletely lirate. The aperture subhorizontal. The outer lip is thin, margined with brown or corneous. The columella is subhorizontal, curved, toothed below the middle, receding above, not spreading around the umbilicus as in some other species of this genus.
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The height of the shell is 18 mm, its width 8 mm. (Original description) Shell is moderately large, biconic-fusiform, imperforate, slightly turreted, with a very broad smooth shoulder, spirally striated below it. The axial ribs are rather inconspicuous. The columella has 2 very distinct plaits.
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The species is dioecious. The male pollen cones are 5-7 millimeters long with spirally arranged triangular sporophylls. The female seed cones each have a single subterminal fertile cone scale with a single ovule developing into a seed. The seed is covered by a fleshy epimatium.
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Inside it is corrugated like the exterior, silvery with blue, green and red reflections, the latter predominating. The columellar plate is narrow. The corrugated exterior is quite constant and characteristic. Young specimens are more strongly ribbed spirally, and often have radiating stripes of red on a delicate green ground.
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The height attains 7.1 mm, its diameter 3.2 mm. (Original description) The small, ovate, semitransparent is thin and fragile. It is axially costate and spirally striate, the crossing- points gemmate. All the whorls below the smooth protoconch are axially equidistantly and closely costate, about 18 on the body whorl.
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It contains 12 whorls. The first two whorls are smooth, rounded, forming a somewhat prominent white papillary apex. The other whorls are slopingly convex, slightly impressed below the suture, spirally faintly grooved, obliquely obscurely plicated. The body whorl measures about 2.5ths of the entire length of the shell.
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Retrophyllum are dioecious with male pollen cones and female seed cones on separate individual trees. The male pollen cones may be axillary or terminal and solitary or grouped. They have glabrous peduncles. A pollen cone consists of many spirally arranged microsporophylls each with two pollen sacs producing bisaccate pollen.
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All the whorls are ventricose, impressed, and spirally plainly ridged suturally, and crossed by strongly developed spirals, swollen and almost becoming nodulous at the points of junction with the costae. The aperture is small and ovate. The outer lip is slightly expanded. The sinus is wide but shallow.
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These are sculptured with closely set longitudinal costae, crossed near the upper end by a slight spiral groove, thus forming an infra- sutural crenate band. The interstices between the costae are spirally punctate. The punctations of the upper row are coarser than the rest. The small aperture is narrow.
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Archaeamphora longicervia was a herbaceous plant growing to around in height. The stem, at least long by wide, bore distinctive vertical ridges and grooves. The pitcher-like structures were ascidiate in form and long. Mature pitchers and underdeveloped pitchers or phyllodia-like leaves were arranged spirally around the stem.
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Lawrence, Kansas: Allen Press. / tree rings. Palms have large, evergreen leaves that are either palmately ('fan-leaved') or pinnately ('feather-leaved') compound and spirally arranged at the top of the stem. The leaves have a tubular sheath at the base that usually splits open on one side at maturity.
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The undersides of these large, smooth, dark green leaves have light purple shade. The leaves are spirally arranged around the stem, forming attractive, arching clumps arising from underground rootstocks. The maximum height of these plants is about two feet. The flowers are orange in color and are in diameter.
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The size of the shell varies between 6 mm and 9 mm. The umbilicate shell is rather thin and has an orbicular-conoid shape. The six whorls are separated by impressed sutures. The first whorl is eroded, the following are angular, flattened above, gradate, strikingly painted, spirally lirate.
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Monograph of Cupressaceae and Sciadopitys. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Australian Plant Names Index: Athrotaxis They are medium-sized evergreen trees, reaching 10–30 m (rarely 40 m) tall and 1-1.5 m trunk diameter. The leaves are scale-like, 3–14 mm long, are borne spirally on the shoots.
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The surface is very lightly obliquely striate, closely, densely finely spirally striate, generally with three strong carinae, one at periphery, the others above. The about 5 whorls are convex, those of the upper surface bicarinate. The convex body whorl is carinate or subcarinate. The oblique aperture is rounded- quadrangular.
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The shell is obliquely striate, spirally lirate with 6 subequal lirae on the penultimate whorl. The body whorl is a little convex above, carinated in the middle, convex beneath and provided with 7–8 concentric, white-and-brown articulated lirae. The aperture is rhomboid. The columella is subtruncate below.
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Within their range, Palaquium species are mostly found in the Philippines and Borneo. In Borneo many species are recorded in the Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak. The leaves are typically spirally arranged and often clustered near twig ends. Flowers are mostly bisexual, though some unisexual instances are known.
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The suture is distinctly impressed. The 6–7 whorls are moderately convex or nearly flat, sometimes tumid just below the sutures, and either smooth or longitudinally plicate. The folds are usually obsolescent, and visible only for a short distance below the sutures. The shell is spirally obsoletely striate.
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They are spirally sculptured with inequal lirae, the intervening furrows sharply squamose with striae of increment. The round aperture is produced into a projecting angle posteriorly and frequently disconnected from the body whorl. It is white and pearly within, rounded or slightly produced below. The outer lip is crenulate.
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It is usually flesh tinted, ashen or brown, more or less clouded with darker and lighter shades, and flammulated with dark and light below the sutures, spirally traversed by narrow hair-like lines of brown or red, interrupted by white dots and intervals. The white is sometimes predominate.
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The size of the shell varies between 8 mm and 15 mm. The white, sublenticular shell is flattened convex above, more convex below. It contains oblique radiating riblets, interrupted by an obtuse peripheral rib The interstices of the riblets are finely spirally striated. The umbilicus has a moderate size.
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The small, white shell has an ovate-conic shape and is spirally striate. The interstices, with the aid of lens, appear finely striate longitudinally. The shell is ornated around the sutures with bright, rose- colored, equidistant flamules. The five convex whorls, including the apex, are obtuse at the periphery.
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The seven whorls are flattened, the upper ones finely spirally striate and sometimes very obsoletely plicate. The remainder is smooth, obliquely finely striate. The base of the shell is flattened, slightly convex, obliquely streaked, concave and white around the umbilicus. The body whorl is bluntly angled at the periphery.
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The height of the shell attains 8 mm, its diameter 7.5 mm. The small, imperforate, thick, solid shell has a globose-conic shape. It is blackish, speckled and maculated all over with yellowish. The body whorl is spirally encircled by two narrow bands of black articulated with orange.
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The length of the shell varies between 18 mm and 21 mm. The globular shell is imperforate or nearly so, thick and strong, with a porcelaneous texture. The surface of the shell is smooth, with scarcely visible lines of growth. The upper whorls are microscopically, and densely, spirally striated.
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The height of the shell attains 1.75 mm, its diameter 1 mm. It is a brightly colored small, imperforate shell with five slightly swollen whorls. These are white with transverse interrupted red lines encircling it spirally. Around the periphery these lines are regularly interrupted, leaving equal white spaces.
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The leaves of Symplocaceae are generally simple and are alternate or spirally arranged. The margin is either dentate, glandular-dentate, or entire. The petioles of the leaves lack stipules at the base. The flowers of Symplocaceae appear as an inflorescence that is generally axillary but can occasionally be terminal.
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The rather thin, acute, coeloconoid (=approaching conical shape but with concave sides) shell is imperforate or rarely umbilicate. The whorls are smooth, often polished and spirally ridged or granular. The body whorl is angulated at the periphery. The aperture is quadrangular, sinuated at the base and slightly oblique.
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Cockleburs are coarse, herbaceous annual plants growing to tall. The leaves are spirally arranged, with deeply toothed margins. Some species, notably Xanthium spinosum, are also very thorny with long, slender spines at the leaf bases.Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 19, Lampourde, Xanthium Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 987.
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They have oblique septa. The main axis of the plant, which is upright, bears a set of spirally arranged, sessile leaves having a clearly distinguishable midrib. Sporophyte of Funaria At the apex of the main plant axis, the antheridium is borne. This is the male part of the shoot.
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Amaranthus blitum is an erect or semi-prostrate annual plant. The single or branched stem can grow to tall. The green or purplish leaves are up to long on stalks of a similar length and are arranged spirally. They are simple, roughly triangular in shape and have entire margins.
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The length of an adult shell attains 16.5 mm, its diameter 6.5 mm. It is superficially similar to Benthofascis conorbioides, but it does not resorb the inner whorls. (Original description) The biconic, moderately thick shell has an ovately fusiform shape. Its surface is spirally furrowed, smooth and shining.
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Coralloconchus is a genus of cornulitid tubeworms with small, slender, irregularly curved conical tubes with slowly increasing diameter. Tubes have thin walls and a smooth lumen. Tube wall has a lamellar microstructure. Tubes are devoid of septa and vesicles in the adult part and are not spirally coiled.
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Zenobia pulverulenta is a deciduous or semi-evergreen shrub growing to 0.5-1.8 m tall. The leaves are spirally arranged, ovate to elliptic, long.Flora of North America, Zenobia pulverulenta (Bartram ex Willdenow) Pollard, 1895. Honey-cup The flowers are white, bell-shaped, long and broad, and sweetly scented.
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These top shells are wide- conical and low spired. Their spirally ribbed sculpture consists of conspicuous regular rows of robust, round beads. The whorls show a profile with a deep suture and the final whorl inflated. The aperture of the shell is oval, with a strongly ridged lip.
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Bracteophyton is a genus of extinct vascular plants of the Early Devonian (around ) comprising a single species, Bracteophyton variatum. Fossils were first found in the Xujiachong Formation of eastern Yunnan, China. The smooth stems (axes) mainly branched dichotomously. They bore terminal 'spikes' (strobili) consisting of spirally arranged fertile 'units'.
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Podocarpus aristulatus grows to 10–20 m tall. The leaves are elliptical to linear, 2–4 cm long and 5–8 mm broad, arranged spirally on the shoots. The seed cones are berry-like, with fleshy red receptacle and one (occasionally two) apical seeds 7–10 mm long.
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The species in this genus are characterized by a well-developed, multispiral, closely coiled protoconch. One to three of its basal whorls are costulate. The body whorl is wholly devoid of costae but spirally carinate. The retral sinus is relatively large, circularly rounded and close to the suture.
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The siphonal canal is also spirally threaded with a conspicuous siphonal fasciole. The aperture is rather narrow with a well marked anal sulcus close to the suture, and on the body a prominent subsutural callus. The outer lip is produced, sharp-edged and smooth within. The inner lip is callous.
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The granulesare rather large, closely set, disposed in two rows on the whorls of the spire, the lower one the larger. The base is contracted and spirally ridged. The aperture is ovate, deep-brown, one-third the length of the shell. The posterior sinus is large, circular, margins nearly united.
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The length of the shell attains 15 mm, its diameter 4⅓ mm. (Original description) The fusiform shell is whitish, faintly banded with light brown. It is spirally ridged and striated and marked with the flexuous lines of growth. This species is peculiar on account of the absence of longitudinal ribs.
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Sculpture : The protoconch is gradate, and coarsely, spirally, engraved. The subsequent whorls are rounded and excavate at the fasciole. The radial ribs are prominent, rounded, extending from the fasciole to the base, set their own breadth apart, about twelve to a whorl. The spirals are delicate threads overriding the radials.
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The length of the shell attains 7 mm, its diameter 3 mm. The color of the shell shows an infrasutural spiral row of brown spots between the axial plicae, spirally elongate. On the body whorl are three faint continuous spiral brown bands, and very faint curved axial bands. Verco, J.C. 1909.
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The length of the shell attains 50 mm. (Original description) The solid, slender shell is pale brown or whitish. It contains ten whorls (the nepionic whorls lost) strongly appressed at the suture; anal fascicle close to the suture,. The whorls are smooth or faintly spirally striated, rather wide and excavated.
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The length of the shell attains 2.25 mm, its diameter 1.25 mm. (Original description) The minute, white, semi- transparent shell has an oval-elongated shape. Its spire is longer than the body whorl. It contains five whorls, narrowly shouldered, with flexuous plicae, about 16 on the body whorl, microscopically spirally striate.
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The size of an adult shell varies between 10 mm and 27 mm. The shell is obsoletely channeled above the periphery which is not prominently angulated. The longitudinal ribs are numerous, rounded, not prominent, not interrupted on the periphery but continuous to the suture. The shell is sometimes obsoletely spirally striated.
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The periphery of the body whorl is very faintly angulated. The base of the shell is well rounded, somewhat pinched at the umbilical region. It is marked by the strong continuations of the axial ribs, and about ten spirally incised lines in the spaces between them. The aperture is oval.
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The spire is spirally striated, rather elevated, with a sharp apex. Its color is variegated with chestnut. There are 6-7 post nuclear whorls with 2-4 incised spiral grooves on the inner side of each whorl.G.W. Tryon (1884) Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species, vol.
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The length of the shell attains 10 mm, its diameter 4 mm. The small, solid shell is ovate and subturriculated. It is axially costate and spirally lirate, usually with 2 brown spiral bands. The sculpture consistis of rounded and rather low axial ribs, 10 to 16 on the body whorl.
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Chamaenerion species are upright herbaceous perennials with either unbranched stems or, much less often, slightly branched stems. They either have a woody base or grow from rhizomes. The leaves are generally spirally arranged on the stems and are usually narrow, rarely ovate. The inflorescence is a simple or slightly branched raceme.
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They are deciduous or semi- evergreen trees growing to 25 m tall. The leaves are spirally arranged, pinnate, rarely bipinnate or simple. The fruit is a drupe similar to a small mango (in the related genus Mangifera), 4–10 cm long, ripening yellow or orange. It has a single seed.
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The size of an adult shell varies between 10 mm and 25 mm. The conical shell is umbilicate. Its color is cinereous, reddish, or purplish-brown, obscurely clouded, dotted or flamed with white The conical spire is acuminate. There are about seven whorls, slightly convex, spirally striate, microscopically obliquely striate.
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The following whorl, if eroded, shows iridescent blue-green nacre, which is spirally grooved. The about 5 whorls are smooth and rounded when not eroded. The body whorl is obtusely subangulate at the periphery. The base of the shell is rather flattened, radiately striped with red and white, and not eroded.
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They are spirally granose-lirate with 6 finely beaded lirae on the penultimate whorl, the fifth larger, more prominent, simulating a carina. The body whorl is angulate, plano-convex beneath and concentrically cingulate. The about 7 cinguli are granose with the interstices sometimes bearing concentric lirulae. The aperture is rhomboidal.
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The spire contains about 7 whorls. These are nearly flat above, with linear, impressed sutures. The body whorldescends anteriorly and is encircled by about 13 or 14 granose lirae every second one, or on some specimens every one articulated with black dots. The interstices are finely spirally and obliquely striate.
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The shell has a rather broadly conical shape. It is reddish fulvous, ocellated with brown-shaded white spots. The whorls are concavely impressed round the upper parts, then rounded, and spirally grain-ridged throughout. The shell is rather constricted below the sutures, then rounded and ocellated with shaded opaque-white spots.
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Tracheoids are elongated idioblasts with helical or reticulate secondary walls. They are not connected to the plant’s vascular system. Tracheoid idioblasts have also been known as lignified idioblasts, spiral cells, tracheoidal idioblasts, spirally thickened sclereids, and tracheoidioblasts. Sclerenchymatous idioblasts are thickened structural cells that provide stability and rigidity to the plant.
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The third apical whorl is globular and closely cancellate. The two lower whorls are coarsely ribbed and spirally lirate. The body whorl contains 10 ribs and 11 lirae. The lowest lira on the body whorl is very strongly ridged, while below this to the base the shell is fairly smooth.
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The 5-6 whorls are convex, irregularly spirally lirate and finely regularly lamellosely longitudinally striate;. They are subcarinate above. The sutures are subcanaliculate. The body whorl is usually biangulate, with a coronal and one or two submedian lirae prominent and armed with more or less numerous vaulted scales or spines.
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The cladodes are thick and flattened, 3–8 cm long borne spirally on green stems. The plant may bear male and female cones on the same tree or separate trees in summer. The male cones are cylindrical, 3–5 mm long, with 2-3 together at the end of side branches.
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The obtuse spire is dome-shaped, or low-conic and contains five whorls. The upper ones are sometimes angulate, spirally lirate with the lirie wider than their interstices, on the body whorl often subobsolete. The last whorl descends, and is somewhat concave below the suture. The oval aperture is white within.
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The length of the shell varies between 50 mm and 75 mm. The conoid, imperforate shell is spirally lirat. It is smooth, pale flesh colored, and painted with large radiating ferrugineous maculations. The lirae number about nine on the body whorl, alternately smaller, the third much elevated forming an angle.
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A Persian drill is a drill which is turned by pushing a nut back and forth along a spirally grooved drill holder. It was formerly used for delicate operations such as jewellery making and dentistry. A ratcheting screwdriver with a 'spiral ratchet' mechanism may be used as a Persian drill.
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It has six whorls, apart from the protoconch, only slightly convex and decreasingly spirally corded. The cords become faint striae on the body whorl, where they are crossed by equally faint growth marks. The aperture is three-fifths of total height, moderately narrow. The outer lip is simple, not very thickened.
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Eckenwalder, J.E. 2009. Conifers of the World: The Complete Reference. Timber Press. The leaves are spirally arranged on the shoots, but twisted at the base to lie in two flat ranks; they are linear, 2–8 cm long and 3–4 mm broad, hard in texture, with a sharp spine tip.
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The height of the shell attains 9 mm, its diameter 15 mm. The depressed, pale reddish or fawn shell is perforated with a round umbilicus up to the apex. It is faintly spirally lirate and angulated almost above the suture. It is rounded-angular at the middle of the keel.
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The height of the shell attains 11.5 mm, its diameter 11 mm. The shell has a depressed-conical shape. The 5 whorls are rapidly widening, and are separated by profound sutures. The whorls are spirally distantly costulate, with three costulae on the penultimate whorl, separated, elegantly ornamented with numerous rosy tubercles.
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The foliage leaves are pinnate (or more rarely bipinnate) and arranged spirally, with thick and hard keratinose. They are not permanent and fall off leaving back leaf-bases. The leaflets are articulated, have midrib but lack secondary veins. The scaly leaves are persistent, brown in colour and protective in function.
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Frequently, too, it has to be sheared by being passed over rapidly revolving knives arranged spirally round an axle, which rapidly and effectually cuts off all filaments and knots, leaving the cloth perfectly smooth and clean. It is then stentered, wound onto a beam, and mounting on the printing machines.
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Cleome serrulata is an annual plant growing to tall, with spirally arranged leaves. The leaves are trifoliate, diminutive teeth, and with three slender leaflets each long. The flowers are reddish-purple, pink, or white, with four petals and six long stamens. The fruit is a capsule long containing several seeds.
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The base of the shell is moderately convex, with a deep funicular umbilicus. It is closely finely spirally threaded, the threads a little coarser near the umbilical margin. In the interspaces between the keels on the spire are very minute close spiral striae. The aperture shows a very shallow sulcus.
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The shell is openly umbilicate (the umbilicus about one-fourth the total diameter), of a uniform pale brown tint, discoidal. The spire is convex but low. Suture is deeply impressed. The shell has 3 ½ whorls, that are convex, slowly increasing, the embryonic 1 ½ densely striate spirally, the rest radially costellate.
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The height of the shell attains 22 mm, its diameter also 22 mm. This is an extremely variable form. The shell may be either very much depressed or as high as broad. It may be spirally sculptured with numerous narrow, unequal lirae, or as strongly cingulate as the preceding form.
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Hakea teretifolia is a prickly shrub that can reach 3 m (10 ft) in height. It has spirally arranged, thick, tough, succulent spike-tipped leaves. Flowering occurs in summer though some may be seen in winter. The small white inflorescences occur on branches and consist of 4-8 individual small flowers.
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A pollen cone consists of numerous spirally arranged microsporophylls around a 10-25 millimeter long rachis. The microsporophylls are triangular and keeled, bearing two pollen sacs each. The female seed cones are borne on short lateral branchlets. A seed cone has several sterile cone scales and usually just one fertile scale.
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The branches are lined with cord-like, horizontal branchlets. The branchlets are covered with small, green, incurved, point-tipped, spirally arranged, overlapping leaves. The young leaves are needle-like, while the broader adult leaves are triangular and scale-like. The female seed cones are scaly, egg-shaped, and long by wide.
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The length of the shell attains 6 mm. (Original description) The small, compact shell has a gradately fusiform shape. It contains 8 whorls, of which the uppermost two are nuclear, smooth, white, globular. The remainderare plicately ridged spirally at the sutures, and, below these, angularly sloping and closely longitudinally ribbed.
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The sutures are canaliculate. The six whorls are encircled by four coarsely tuberculose ribs on the upper surface ; the upper two contiguous, sometimes coalescent. The base of the shell shows 3 or 4 separated smaller beaded ribs, the broad interstices both above and below densely, finely spirally striate. The periphery is obtusely angular.
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The length of the shell attains 5.5 mm, its diameter 2.25 mm. (Original description) The small, thin and fragile shell has a mitriform shape. it is white with a violet apex, finely spirally striated. The sculpture consists of delicate equal and numerous fine spiral striae, extending over the whole shell except the protoconch.
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The length of the shell attains 18 mm, its diameter 8 mm. The fusiform shell has an elongate, acute spire and contains 8½ whorls of which two in the protoconch. The subsequent convex whorls are somewhat angular and show numerous rounded, obtusely angulated longitudinal plicae. The shell is finely spirally lirate throughout.
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The leaves are simple, spirally arranged, obovate, 10–16 cm long and 5–8 cm wide. The base is acutely acuminate, long cuneate, apex rounded caudate. Glossy and dark green, the petioles are short with short soft hairs. Fruits are in capsule form in flat circular outline containing four large winged seeds.
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Fossil floras of the Smoky Tower locality, Alberta, Canada. Palaeontographica, Abteilung B, Band 157, p. 1-43. All are spirally arranged, but some are twisted at the base to lie in two horizontal ranks. The seed-bearing cones are pyriform (pear-shaped) and up to 20 mm long and 10 mm wide.
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The pastries are made by wrapping thin pastry strips spirally around a cone shaped sheet metal tube, which is then coated and baked. The sweet version is often rolled in coarse sugar or powdered sugar before baking.IREKS-Arkady-Institut für Bäckereiwissenschaft (Hrsg.): IREKS-ABC der Bäckerei. 4. Auflage. Institut für Bäckereiwissenschaft, Kulmbach 1985.
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Myrtle spurge is an evergreen perennial. It has sprawling stems growing to 20–40 cm long. The leaves are spirally arranged, fleshy, pale glaucous bluish-green, 1–2 cm long. The flowers are inconspicuous, but surrounded by bright sulphur-yellow bracts (tinged red in the cultivar 'Washfield'); they are produced during the spring.
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The height of the shell attains 19 mm, its diameter 22 mm. The thick, false- umbilicate shell has a conoid shape with an acute apex. It contains eight whorls, the first yellowish, the following planulate, greenish, ornamented with flexuous brown lines. They are separated by a slightly impressed suture and spirally cingulate.
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The flat base of the shell is very obsoletely lirate. Its middle portion (umbilical tract) is excavated, concave, strongly spirally grooved. The sculpture does not extend into the aperture nor to the edge of the columella, which is nacreous. The large aperture is very oblique, very iridescent and neither lirate nor toothed within.
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The leaves are long, bipinnate or tripinnate, almost feathery, and arranged spirally on the stems. The leaves are cauline, and more or less clasping. The inflorescence has 4 to 9 phyllaries and contains ray and disk flowers which are white to pink. The generally 3 to 8 ray flowers are ovate to round.
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The size of the shell varies between 10 mm and 17 mm. The imperforate, polished, solid shell has a conical-elevated shape with 9 whorls. It is yellowish-brown or olive, clouded with brown, the earlier 4 whorls dark bluish or greenish. The shell is spirally sulcate, the 2d whorl somewhat granulate.
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The height of this small shell measures 3 mm. It is broadly umbilicated, pearly and beautifully prismatic. The spire is depressed-conical. It contains five whorls, the first two are smooth, the remainder spirally lirate, and ornamented beneath the channelled sutures with a series of white tubercles, here and there marked with brown.
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The spire is conic. The apex is acute. The 10 whorls are spirally encircled by numerous (about 10 on upper surface) beaded lirae, which are separated by superficial interstices. Above the sutures there is a series of short folds or knobs which usually become obsolescent upon the periphery of the body whorl.
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The longer waves are articulated with pale brown, and the first and third spirals show traces of a similar articulation. The base of the shell is pretty sharply carinated, flattened, and finely spirally threaded. Some of the threads show faint traces of articulation The columella is nearly straight. The aperture is nearly rectangular.
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The size of an adult shell varies between 23 mm and 34 mm; its width is 11 mm. The shell is spirally sulcate and longitudinally striate0 The suture is slightly impressed, marginate and subcrenulate. The; sinus is rather broad and shallow. It has a rose-ash color, purple-rose within the aperture.
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The height of the shell attains 2 mm, its diameter 3 mm. The very fragile, umbilicate shell has a subdiscoidal shape and is delphinuliform. The depressed spire is conoidal and obtuse. The five whorls are spirally finely striate, in the middle slightly angled or subcarinate, and flattened between the carina and the suture.
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The upper surface is often entirely black. The aperture is commonly white, with an inner iridescence because of the nacre. Young shells, or well-preserved adults, have the spire whorls sculptured by oblique folds, cut by a few spiral sulci. The periphery and the base in the half-grown shells are spirally lirate.
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Giant sequoia bark is fibrous, furrowed, and may be thick at the base of the columnar trunk. The sap contains tannic acid, which provides significant protection from fire damage. The leaves are evergreen, awl-shaped, long, and arranged spirally on the shoots. Giant sequoia cones and seed The giant sequoia regenerates by seed.
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When considered as a distinct family, members of Cephalotaxaceae are much branched, small trees and shrubs. The leaves are evergreen, spirally arranged, often twisted at the base to appear biranked. They are linear to lanceolate, and have pale green or white stomatal bands on the undersides. The plants are monoecious, subdioecious, or dioecious.
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Flowers of plants in the rose family are generally described as "showy". They are radially symmetrical, and almost always hermaphroditic. Rosaceae generally have five sepals, five petals, and many spirally arranged stamens. The bases of the sepals, petals, and stamens are fused together to form a characteristic cup-like structure called a hypanthium.
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The axials are knobby and squarish on the spire whorls. They are crossed on the spire by 5 fine spiral threads, and the whole of the body whorl is spirally lirate. Oblique curved growth-lines are distinctly visible. The spire is conical, of nearly the same height as the aperture with siphonal canal.
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Strombocactus is a monotypic genus with a strong turnip-like root, a small, sunken, roughly spherical stem covered with spirally arranged overlapping tubercles, each with a spine-bearing areole at its tip. Flowers come from new growth at the crown, and the cactus's small seeds are difficult to see with the naked eye.
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The branches are smooth and the tips are soft and slimy. The apertures from which the polyps project are large and crowded together, and are arranged spirally up the branches. The polyps overlap each other, each one having eight tentacles. This octocoral is some shade of pale yellow, tan, or reddish-purple.
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The test of the Chitinozoa was fixed - there was no scope for any parts of it to move or rotate. This makes it seem likely that the tests were containers, to protect whatever was inside - whether that was a "hibernating" or encysted organism, or a clutch of hatching eggs. There are several arguments behind an association of the chitinozoans with annelids or gastropods, and it is not impossible that the chitinozoans are a convergent phenomenon laid by both groups. In fact, the spirally coiled nature of chitinozoan chains has been used to suggest that they were laid by a spirally coiled organism, such as the gastropods; were this inference true, uncoiled chains could be attributed to the (straight) annelid worms or other organisms.
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Ophyrys umbilicata is a perennial, erect, glabrous herb, 10–20 cm high. Leaves alternate, simple, entire, thick, narrowly elliptic with parallel nerves. Flowers spirally arranged on top of the shoot, sepals 10-15 x 6–9 mm, petals small. Labellum broader on other half 9–12 mm, 3-dentate on the apex, purple- blackish.
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The granules are rather large, three rows on the whorls of the spire, the lower one obsolete. The base is contracted, spirally ridged and produced into a short, obtuse, open siphonal canal. The aperture is sub-ovate, small, nearly a third the length of the shell. The posterior sinus is large, deep, and rounded.
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The transverse ribs of the body whorl extend over the expanded outer lip. Under the microscope the whole surface is seen to be finely spirally striated. Colour : The protoconch is light brown, the remainder of shell uniformly dark brown. The outer lip shows a white patch at the sinus and another near the centre.
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They are a little broadly conical, rounded, with a slight angulation, and parted by a distinct suture. They rise to a very minute, spirally scratched, round, and very slightly prominent knob. They are sculptured with raised bars, which are straight and simple above, but oblique and crossed below. The shell contains 7½ whorls in all.
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The size of an adult shell varies between 32 mm and 80 mm. The spire is indistinctly grooved. The body whorl is obscurely spirally ribbed below. The color of the shell is yellowish brown, with reddish brown longitudinal stripes, interrupted by four revolving bands of white spots, and occasional white spots on the darker surface.
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Spiranthes australis, commonly known as austral ladies tresses, is a species of orchid that grows from southern Caspian Sea and Himalayan Mountains to the South-West Pacific. It has up to about ten leaves at the base of a flowering stem with up to sixty small pink and white flowers spirally arranged around it.
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The size of the shell attains 15 mm. The rather thick, imperforate shell has a conic-elongate shape. The 6 to 7 whorls are planulate, the first buff, eroded, the following whitish, ornamented with sparse rosy points and angular chestnut streaks . The shell is spirally lirate, with about 8 lirae on the penultimate whorl.
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The Bronze Age 'Moulsford Torc' was discovered in the parish and bought by the Museum of Reading with the aid of a grant from the Art Fund in 1961. It is a hoop-shaped decorative neck ornament, made of four spirally- twisted gold-alloy strips held together by a delicate piece of twisted gold wire.
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They are a little gibbous above and below, obliquely undulate below the sutures, and frequently on the periphery also. The whole surface is more or less finely spirally lirate with subgranulose lirae. The convex base of the shell is concentrically lirate with about 7 granose narrow lirae. Their interstices are generally occupied by concentric striae.
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The height of the shell varies between 25 mm and 30 mm. The thick, imperforate or very narrowly perforate shell has a conic-elongated shape. It is whitish, ornamented with radiating livid-brown flammules, brown punctulate. The 9 whorls are convex, spirally lirate (the lirae unequal) and longitudinally nodose-costate, the nodules more prominent below.
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The two species of the genus are woody mangrove shrubs or small trees that grow up to 2 to 3 m tall. The deciduous species have leafy stems with leathery leaves arranged alternately or spirally. The leaf margins are entire and have parallel veins. The hermaphroditic flowers are pollinated by Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, and Diptera.
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It is alternately whitish and brown below the suture and painted on the peripheral rib in the same alternate manner. The surface of the shell is highly polished. The apical whorl is smooth, the next four or five whorls are densely granulate (granules in 4 or 5 series). The next whorl is generally spirally ribbed.
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The size of the shell varies between 45 mm and 55 mm. The large, solid, imperforate shell has a conical shape. It is flesh-colored or yellowish, dotted with pink on the spiral ribs. The surface is spirally ribbed, the ribs coarsely granose, numbering about 7 on the penultimate whorl, some of them small.
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Melaleuca brophyi is a shrub which grows to a height of between . Its leaves are crowded, spirally arranged, fleshy, warty, almost circular in cross-section and have prominent oil glands. The leaves are long. Small, yellow, almost spherical groups of flowers about in diameter appear on the ends of the branches between June and November.
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The body whorl is dilated, obtuse in the middle, spirally trilineate (one line above, two at periphery), somewhat convex beneath, with two zones of brown spots. The aperture is transverse, and scarcely sulcate within. The columella is nearly horizontal, twisted above, truncate beneath. The columellar callus forms a coating to the extremely oblique umbilicus.
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Dicranoloma dicarpum plants are dull to bright green in colour, growing to form cushions or tufts. Stems are often branched, and range from 0.5-7.5 cm tall. The leaves are 3.0-12.4 mm long and 0.5-0.16 mm wide. They are falcate (curved into a sickle shape), spirally twisted, and taper to a pointed tip.
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The length of the shell varies between 20 mm and 25 mm. The thick, imperforate or very narrowly perforate shell has a conic-elongated shape. It is whitish, ornamented with radiating livid-brown flammules, brown punctulate. The 9 whorls are convex, spirally lirate (the lirae unequal) and longitudinally nodose-costate, the nodules more prominent below.
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Like other members of its genus, the ladder hornsnail has an elongated, spirally coiled shell. The radula, the rasping structure used in feeding, lacks cusps on the underside of its rachidian tooth. This species is usually some shade of grey, the transverse sculpturing often being eroded and whitish. It grows to a maximum length of .
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Stephania tetrandra is a herbaceous perennial vine of the family Menispermaceae native to China and Taiwan. It grows from a short, woody caudex, climbing to a height of around three meters. The leaves are arranged spirally on the stem, and are peltate, i.e. with the leaf petiole attached near the centre of the leaf.
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The light green phyllodes have a narrowly oblong to oblanceolate shape that is undulate or spirally twisted. The hairy phyllodes have a length of and a width of and are narrower toward the base. They have six to eight longitudinal nerves with one prominent midnerve. It blooms between March and August producing golden flowers.
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The aperture is less than half the height of the shell. Adult Bithynia tentaculata possess a white, calcareous, tear-drop to oval-shaped operculum with distinct concentric rings. The operculum of juveniles, however, is spirally marked. The operculum (on the back of the foot) is always situated very close to the aperture of the shell.
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The upper whorls show a single submedian series of rather prominent tubercles, the lower with about four subequal series of small, separated, rather acute tubercles, the surface between them minutely wrinkled. The base of the shell is nearly flat, and spirally lirate. The lirae become narrow toward the outer edge. The aperture is rhomboidal.
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Shrub growing in southern Tasmania It is a tall, sparsely branched shrub which can grow to 5 metres high, but usually less. The leaves are arranged spirally around the stems and are about 22 cm long and taper to a point. Dense clusters of white flowers appear at the end of the branches in spring.
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Diuris setacea is a tuberous, perennial herb with between six and ten spirally twisted leaves in a tuft at its base. The leaves are long and wide. Between two and seven yellow flowers with brown markings, long and wide are borne on a flowering stem tall. The dorsal sepal is erect, long and wide.
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Species of waratah boast such inflorescences ranging from 6–15 cm in diameter with a basal ring of coloured bracts. The leaves are spirally arranged, 10–20 cm long and 2–3 cm broad with entire or serrated margins. The name waratah comes from the Eora Aboriginal people, the original inhabitants of the Sydney area.
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This marine species reaches 18 mm in length, its diameter 6.6 mm. The shell is longitudinally ribbed and spirally striated. There is a narrow band at the suture brown, with sometimes a darker band at the suture and another at the base. G.W. Tryon (1884) Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species, vol.
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It is polished and reddish brown. It is followed by six subsequent whorls. The anal fasciole on the spire is depressed, very minutely spirally striated with a single fine thread near the posterior edge which is appressed at the suture. Other spiral sculpture consists of fine striae and three stronger threads with wider interspaces on the base.
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The suture is strongly appressed with a spiral cord in front of it. The whorls are moderatelyshouldered. The anal fasciole is somewhat concave and spirally striate. The axial sculpture consists of (on the body whorl about 12) protractively oblique rounded ribs with subequal interspaces, prominent on the periphery, attenuated on the base and not reaching the siphonal canal.
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The length of the shell of this species attains 3.25 mm, its diameter 2 mm. (Original description) The umbilicate shell is tumid, ovate and constricted at the ends. It hasa pale lemon colour, with two irregular narrow greenish bands especially noticeable on the ventral surface. It is smooth, polished except at the ends where it is spirally grooved.
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It contains 9 whorls, including a two-whorled protoconch. The minute turbinate protoconch is finely spirally grooved. In contrast to this the first adult whorl appears with a broad shoulder, beneath which are two conspicuous keels. Fresh spirals arise by intercalation on the subsequent whorls, till alternately larger and smaller, they amount to sixteen on the penultimate.
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The base of the body whorl is adorned with fine spiral threads, close together upon the beak. The whole sculpture is crossed by very fine, strongly flexuous, and oblique growth lines. The spire is high, conic, somewhat less than twice the height of the aperture. The protoconch consists of 2 whorls, which are microscopically spirally striate.
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The length of the shell attains 9.6 mm, its diameter 3.5 mm. (Original description) The high and turreted light orange-yellow spire is subfusiform. The protoconch consists of 1½ whorls, the teleoconch 4 slightly convex whorls that are narrowly shouldered at the suture. The upper half of the whorls is smooth, and the lower half spirally grooved.
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The branches are arranged spirally, with secondary branching forming a dense network within the canopy. The bark is rough, flaky and brown, becoming greyer with age. From the buttresses a dense network of lateral roots extends through the topsoil around the tree, which has only a shallow taproot. It has a lifespan of 80–90 years.
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Castanopsis acuminatissima is a large canopy tree, up to 40 meters in height. The trunk is markedly fluted, and sometimes buttressed. The bark is grey or pale brown, rough and fissured, less than 25 mm thick, with red under-bark. Leaves are simple, 9.0-11.5 cm long and 2.5-3.5 cm wide, and arranged spirally along the branches.
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C. sativa attains a height of with a trunk often in diameter. The bark often has a net-shaped (retiform) pattern with deep furrows or fissures running spirally in both directions up the trunk. The trunk is mostly straight with branching starting at low heights. Sweet chestnut trees live to an age of 500 to 600 years.
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Ginkgos are dioecious, with separate sexes, some trees being female and others being male. Male plants produce small pollen cones with sporophylls, each bearing two microsporangia spirally arranged around a central axis. Female plants do not produce cones. Two ovules are formed at the end of a stalk, and after pollination, one or both develop into seeds.
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The penultimate and last whorl are quite convex, the last descending, more or less concave just below the linear suture. The young shells are obsoletely spirally lirate, their sculpture disappearing with age. The coloration consists of numerous narrow red or orange zones alternating with bands of light green articulated with black. The oblique aperture is round-ovate.
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Lesser celandine is a hairless perennial, with spirally-arranged cordate dark-green leaves without stipules. It produces actinomorphic (radially symmetrical) flowers with 3 sepaloid tepals and 7 to 12 glossy yellow petaloid tepals. Double flowered varieties also occur. The stamens and carpels are numerous, and the fruit is a single-seeded achene with a very short style.
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The sporophyte of H. recurvata consisted of leafless stems (axes), branching both dichotomously and pseudomonopodially (i.e. with unequal divisions creating a 'main stem'). The sporangia (spore-forming organs) were born in terminal spikes on fertile stems, with the sporangia spirally arranged on stalks which curved downwards. The central strand of vascular tissue contained G-type tracheids.
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The striae of the base become coarser toward the axis. The colour of the shell is dark olive-brown or greenish, minutely tessellated all over with a slightly darker shade of the same hue. The small protoconch is conical with two slightly spirally striated whorls. The teleoconch consists of five whorls, those of the spire keeled above the middle.
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The redcurrant, or red currant (Ribes rubrum) is a member of the genus Ribes in the gooseberry family. It is native across Europe. The species is widely cultivated and has escaped into the wild in many regions. Ribes rubrum is a deciduous shrub normally growing to tall, occasionally , with five-lobed leaves arranged spirally on the stems.
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The spaces between the threads and above the shoulder are very finely striate spirally. The shell contains 7 whorls, the first 1½ rounded, radially weakly costulate, several whorls following convex, rounded, the last 2 or 3 whorls angular at the shoulder. The body whorl bears a narrow, elevated, arcuate lip-varix. The aperture is narrow, Both.
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Nature printed leaf, showing shape and venation Ficus sur is a fast-growing, deciduous or evergreen tree. It usually grows from in height, but may attain a height of . Large specimens develop a massive spreading crown, fluted trunks, and buttress roots. The large, alternate and spirally arranged leaves are ovate to elliptic with irregularly serrated margins.
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Shells of Vertigo substriata. Scale is in mm. The shell is oval or subfusiform, rather thin, and semitransparent, glossy, pale yellowish-horn-color, very strongly and obliquely striate and almost ribbed in the line of growth, but less so on the body whorl, which is faintly striate spirally, periphery is rounded. The epidermis is rather thick.
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The size of the shell varies between 10 mm and 14 mm. The narrowly umbilicated shell has a conoid-depressed shape with 5 whorls. The first whorl is roseate, eroded, the following convex above, depressed beneath, whitish or rosy, flammulated with brownish-violet radiating maculations, obliquely striate and spirally lirate. The lirae are flat, narrow and not granose.
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The about 6 whorls are slightly convex, and spirally lirate. The body whorl is encircled by about 14 granose separated lirae, of which about 6 are on the upper surface, their interstices bearing spiral stripe. The body whorl is obtusely angular at the periphery, slightly convex beneath, a little descending anteriorly. The aperture is rounded-tetragonal.
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The height of the shell varies between 4 mm and 5.5 mm. The small, rose-madder shell has a subglobose shape. It is, perforate in the young state, but when adult imperforate, It contains 42 whorls, the apical one whitish, the rest convex, and finely spirally striated. The shell is also marked with faint oblique lines of growth.
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It has about 24 spiral threadlets. It is crowded with fine sinuous oblique accremental striae. The periphery is acutely angular, with a projecting rounded carina, spirally closely engraved on its upper surface andaxially crossed by rounded striae. These are much more distant than the accremental striae, provided at somewhat irregular intervals with 16 rounded invalid tubercles.
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The name of the genus is derived from the Greek words σφαῖρα (sphaira), meaning "sphere," and αλκεα (alkea), meaning "mallow." The leaves of these plants are spirally arranged, and usually palmate or toothed. Both stems and leaves are downy. Like other Malvaceae, the flowers are saucer- or cup-shaped, with the stamens joined into a column in the center.
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It is a perennial herbaceous plant growing to 40–60 cm tall, with spirally arranged leaves 6–12 cm long and 4–9 cm broad. The flowers are white, with a five-lobed corolla 10–15 mm across, with an inflated basal calyx which matures into the papery orange fruit covering, 4–5 cm long and broad.
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The spirally arranged leaves are lanceolate (lance like), narrow and rounded at the base. They become even narrower at the extreme base, where the sporangia are located in the fertile zone of the stem. Leaves of Phlegmariurus phlegmaria are coriaceous (resemble leather). The leaves differ in morphology in the fertile zone, making distinction between the zones easy.
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The trees are reaching up to 30 m height and 55 cm in diameter; the bark and wood are cinnamon colored. It has knotted twigs marked by annual scars, with short internodes covered with pubescence and oval lenticels. Leaves alternate, simple and spirally arranged. The petiole presents a scar the surface caused by the fall of the leaf bud.
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2019, www.promusa.org/Morphology+of+banana+plant. Musa reproduces by both sexual (seed) and asexual (suckers) processes, utilizing asexual means when producing sterile (non-seedy) fruits. Further qualities to distinguish Musa include spirally arranged leaves, fruits as berries, latex- producing cells present, 5 connate and 1 member of the inner whorl distinct, and petiole with one row of air channels.
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The six whorls are convex, encircled by spiral lirae which are more or less beaded upon the upper surface, the interstices between them minutely spirally striated. On the penultimate whorl they number about six. Below the periphery the lirae are finer, closer, and nearly smooth. The body whorl is obtusely angulate or rounded at the periphery.
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The shell grows to a height of 7 mm. The shining shell is very small. It has a very narrow rim and is microscopically spirally striate. Its color is corneous with irregular spots of reddish brown, except immediately below the sutures, where they are replaced by a band of alternate oblique white, cream and reddish flammules.
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The yellowish shell has an elongate-ovate shape with the early whorls spirally lirate and the later ones only obsoletely so. Its length measures 5.6 mm. The whorls of the protoconch are small, smooth, obliquely, almost completely, immersed in the first of the succeeding turns. The six whorls of the teleoconch are evenly well-rounded with appressed summits.
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Myrica gale is a deciduous shrub growing to 1–2 m tall. The leaves are spirally arranged, simple, 2–5 cm long, oblanceolate with a tapered base and broader tip, and a crinkled or finely toothed margin. The flowers are catkins, with male and female catkins on separate plants (dioecious). The fruit is a small drupe.
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The length of the shell varies between 10 mm and 20 mm. The discoidal, depressed, smooth, shining shell is covered-perforate. The six whorls, are, under a lens, very minutely, obliquely striate. The earliest whorls are whitish, spirally obsoletely sulcate, the remainder are pale flesh-colored, ornamented with a subsutural linear zone and oblique brown spots.
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The penultimate whorl contains 8 close-set spiral rows of smooth ovate granules. The body whorl has ten spiral rows of granules above the acutely angled periphery. The granules of the infrasutural row are much larger and placed axially, the rest spirally ovate. The ten rows on the base have flatter, more quadrate, and more close-set granules.
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The apical ones, when not eroded, are spirally striate, the following granose-lirate, the last bearing on its upper surface five coarse beaded lirae, the fifth forming the periphery. The base of the shell is slightly convex, bearing six beaded lirae. The interstices between the lirae are finely obliquely striate. The aperture is rounded-tetragonal, pearly within.
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The protoconch consists of two flatly convex whorls, which are finely spirally lirate with very distinct oblique growth-lines. The 4 to 5 whorls are slightly convex. The body whorl is large, concave below the suture, obtusely angulate at the periphery and eroded in front of the aperture. The base of the shell is flatly convex.
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The whorls are ornamented with longitudinal wavy streaks of brown or rosy, and sometimes spiral zones. They are spirally lirate with 7 lirae on the penultimate whorl, upper and lower ones most prominent, the intermediate 5 slightly granose. The interstices are sharply obliquely striate. The body whorl is angular, convex beneath and contains about 8 concentric lirae.
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The height of the shell varies between 10 mm and 15 mm. The solid, imperforate shell has a conical shape. It is shining, fawn-colored or light yellowish- olive, with numerous narrow oblique flexuous reddish longitudinal lines. The upper whorls of the spire are more or less marked with white and pink or olive spots arranged spirally.
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The shell grows to a length of 13 mm. The solid, pyramidally conical shell is deeply but narrowly umbilicate. The seven whorls are all, with the exception of the two apical which are smooth and glossy, closely spirally seven-ribbed. These ribs are thickly and regularly formed of gemmae (buds or bud-like growth), contiguous and crowded.
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Riess spirals, or Knochenhauer spirals, are a pair of spirally wound conductors with metal balls at their ends. Placing one above the other forms an induction coil. Heinrich Hertz used them in his discovery of radio waves.Jed Buchwald, The Creation of Scientific Effects: Heinrich Hertz and Electric Waves, 1994: Ch. 14: "A Novel Device", p. 219.
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The whorls are spirally cingulate, with four unequal cinguli on the penultimate whorl, the upper two smaller, the third forming a carina. There is sometimes a delicate riblet between the 3d and 4th lirae. The body whorl is subrotund, with unequal, alternating cinguli. The base of the shell is convex, with 5-6 concentric beaded cinguli.
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The suture is minutely spirally striated. The outer lip is simple, brownish in centre, having an obsolete white sinus below. The upper sinus is white, deep, and wide, with a thick deposit of callus on the body whorl, and extending down in a thin plate to the columellar. The siphonal canal is very short and wide.
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A hermit crab outside of its shell. Note the soft, curved abdomen which is vulnerable to predators. Most species of hermit crab have long, spirally curved abdomens, which are soft, unlike the hard, calcified abdomens seen in related crustaceans. They protect themselves from predators by entering a salvaged empty seashell, into which they can retract their whole body.
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The length of the shell attains 9 mm, its diameter 2 mm. (Original description) A very attenuate, fusiform, solid species. It is eight-whorled, inclusive of the two glassy shining apical, longitudinally strongly ribbed. The shell contains few ribs, seven on the body whorl, crossed spirally with few intersecting lirae, and between these run many fine striations.
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There are no complex hairs, nor stinging hairs. The leaves are arranged spirally up the branchle. They are, compound, not winged and have a petiole and have mostly up to six leaflets. The leaflets are broadest below the middle, and 11.0-14.5 cm by 4.5-5.5 cm and are slightly asymmetric and alternate, with pinnate venation.
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Hooded lady's tresses is a perennial plant with a fleshy rootstock. It sends up shoots with lanceolate leaves and three rows of flowers arranged in spirally twisted rows. Each scented flower has the sepals and petals united forming a lip of a tube. The labellum, or lower petal, of the flower is white with green veins.
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The outer lip is scythe-shaped, the border of the deep-rounded notch which is immediately below the summit representing the handle, the flattened surface of the strongly in- bent outer lip forming the blade; the surface of the latter is finely, spirally striated. The columellar wall is covered by a thin callus which extends upon the parietal wall.
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Leaves are spirally arranged, 5–18 cm long, simple, and slightly hairy. The flower heads range from pastel yellow to deep orange, and are 3–7 cm across, with both ray florets and disc florets. Most cultivars have a spicy aroma. It is recommended to deadhead (remove dying flower heads) the plants regularly to maintain even blossom production.
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The length of the shell attains 7.5 mm, its diameter 3.2 mm. (Original description) The small shell has an elongate- fusiform shape. It is thin and fragile, white, turreted, axially costate and spirally striated. The sculpture consistis of narrowly rounded, slightly oblique axial riblets, about 16 on the body whorl, nearly continuous over the whorls, obsolete on the base.
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Diuris laevis is a tuberous, perennial herb with between four and eight spirally twisted leaves long and wide. Up to eight pale yellow flowers usually with reddish brown markings, long and wide are borne on a flowering stem tall. The dorsal sepal is angled upwards, long, wide and tapered. The lateral sepals project forwards long, wide.
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The five whorls of the teleoconch are well rounded. They are marked by three equal and subequally spaced spiral grooves which are crossed by slender axial riblets, the combination of grooves and ribs giving the whorls a pitted appearance. The four raised spaces bounded by the spiral grooves are finely spirally striated. The sutures are deeply channeled.
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The branching is usually horizontal and tiered, arising regularly in whorls of three to seven branches or alternating in widely separated pairs. The leaves can be small, needle- like, and curved, or they can be large, broadly ovate, and flattened. They are spirally arranged, persistent, and usually have parallel venation. Like other conifers, they produce cones.
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The species of Allenrolfea are subshrubs or shrubs with erect or decumbent growth. The stems are much branched, succulent, glabrous and appear to be articulated. The alternate leaves are sessile and stem-clasping, fleshy, glabrous, their blades reduced to small, broadly triangular scales, with entire margins and acute apex. The inflorescences are terminal spikes with spirally arranged flowers.
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24(1): 11–20. Zamia furfuracea leaves The genus comprises deciduous shrubs with aerial or subterranean circular stems, often superficially resembling palms. They produce spirally arranged, pinnate leaves which are pubescent, at least when young, having branched and simple, transparent and coloured hairs. The articulated leaflets lack a midrib, and are broad with subparallel dichotomous venation.
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The height of this minute shell attains 0.75 mm and its diameter 0.50 mm. The delicate, white-gray shell has a depressed trochoidal shape and is deeply umbilicate. it contains 4 whorls. The nuclear whorls are slightly nepionic, and shapelessly turgid, but the penultimate and body whorl are very well sculptured and defined, being acutely spirally bicarinate.
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The siphonal canal is short and narrow. The fine prominent plicate ribs (numbering 9–10) are continuous up the spire. The ribs are spirally marked with minute, dense striations. The spiral row of reddish dots on the ribs, two on the upper whorls and three on the body whorl, are the principal distinctive characters of this species.
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The fasciole is ornamented by spaced, delicate, concave riblets. Fine arcuate growth lines appear in the interstices of the spiral keels. In the protoconch, the first wliorl and a half are small, rounded, and spirally striate. The rest protrude medially, and are crossed by fine sharp radial riblets, which on the last whorl number twenty-two.
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Thelymitra maculata is a tuberous, perennial herb with a dark green leaf which is egg-shaped near the base, then suddenly narrows to a linear, curved or spirally twisted upper part. The upper part is long and wide. A single pink or purplish flower with irregular spots, wide is borne on a flowering stem tall. The sepals and petals are long and wide.
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The protoconch is decorticated,. The suture is obscure and closely appressed. The spiral sculpture consists of an angle at the shoulder, between "v/hich" and the suture are four or five close-set small equal threads. In front of the shoulder is a constriction beyond which are about a dozen deep grooves with wider rounded interspaces which are finely spirally striated.
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The suture is distinct,. The anal fasciole is narrow, excavated, and finely spirally striated. The axial sculpture consists of (on the body whorl about 18) stout nearly vertical ribs angulated at the edge of the fasciole, forming a narrow shoulder, but without a limiting cord, with usually narrower interspaces and obsolete on the base. The incremental lines are not conspicuous.
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The height of the shell attains 5 mm, its diameter 2 mm. (Original description) The small, stout shell is blunt. Its color is white, with a brown peripheral band and another one on the base. The protoconch is small, blunt, at first smooth and then spirally striated, in all about 2 whorls followed in the teleoconch by five subsequent whorls.
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The length of the shell attains 10 mm, its diameter 3 mm. A very delicate flesh-coloured shining shell with oblong aperture and produced siphonal canal. This attenuate-fusiform shell contains 7 whorls, including two decussated and alveolate apical whorls. They are much impressed at the sutures, longitudinally few-ribbed, there are but seven on the body whorl, and spirally obscurely lirate.
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The length of the shell attains 6 mm, its diameter 3.75 mm. (Original description) The small shell has a columbelliform shape. It is white, spirally banded with bright yellow, centrally on the upper whorls, and twice, at the periphery and towards the base, of the body whorl. The shell contains 6 whorls, in our specimens imperfect as regards the protoconch.
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Melaleuca lateritia is an erect shrub growing to about high, to wide. The leaves are light green, thin, linear, concave and glabrous, long, wide and with a pointed tip. They are spirally arranged around the stem. The flowers are bright-orange red, in spikes to long and in diameter on lateral branches from old wood, the stem continuing to grow beyond the flowers.
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They are rarely erect, more often prostrate or somewhat upright. The stems are succulent with swollen nodes, often red in color or green tinged with red, and sometimes hairy or velvety. The spirally arranged leaves have generally lance-shaped, toothed blades up to 16 centimeters long. They are dark green and waxy on the upper surfaces and silvery green on the undersides.
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The length of the shell attains 4 mm, its diameter 1¼ mm. (Original description) The small, solid shell is fusiformly turreted. It is reddish-brown and white spotted. The shell contains 5 whorls, the apical one white, smooth and mammillated, the second finely punctated like a thimble, third and fourth spirally and sharply carinated with two keels, a much finer one below.
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Feldmark grass is a small and inconspicuous tufted bunchgrass, with its leaves growing to about 3 cm in height, and its flowering stems to about 7 cm. The leaves have broad, papery sheaths which are often curved or twisted spirally. The two to four spikelets are held against the flowering stem, with each containing two to four flowers.Threatened Species of NSW.
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Intermediate inheritance of flower colour due to incomplete dominanceNeil A. Campbell, Jane B. Reece: Biologie. Spektrum-Verlag Heidelberg-Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-8274-1352-4, page 302. It is an herbaceous perennial plant, growing to 0.5–1 m tall, rarely up to 2 m. The leaves are spirally arranged, broadly lanceolate, 1–7 cm long and 2-2.5 cm broad.
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The D.II used a plywood monocoque fuselage. Two layers of plywood strips were spirally wrapped in opposing directions over a mold to form one half of a fuselage shell. The fuselage halves were then glued together, covered with a layer of fabric, and doped. This design was known as the Wickelrumpf and allowed to create a smooth, strong and light structure.
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The throat is smooth and iridescent. Sculpture: the dorsum looks as though it were spirally lirate, but is really quite smooth except for very fine miscroscopic curved retrocurrent accremental scratchings. On the base are about a dozen fine spiral incisions, with radial scratch-marks more valid and distant than on the dorsum. These are still stouter and wrinkling within and near the perforation.
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There are spirally banded and unicoloured forms. In collections the colour of the latter usually fades away and becomes white, as already observed by Henry Augustus Pilsbry (1899). His variety dominicanus of Drymaeus virginalis – a mainland taxon – appears a white specimen. This species is part of the Drymaeus multifasciatus species complex, of which a revision is pending (Breure, in preparation).
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Lumnitzera racemosa is a small to medium-sized evergreen tree, growing to a maximum height of . It develops pneumatophores and often has stilt roots. The leaves are arranged spirally at the tips of the shoots; they are simple and obovate, with slightly toothed margins. The inflorescences grow in short spikes in the axils of the leaves or at the tips of the shoots.
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They are arranged spirally on the shoots but are twisted at the base to lie in two ranks on either side of the shoot. The cones are small, pendulous, slender cylindrical, long and broad when closed, opening to broad. They have 15–25 thin, flexible scales long. The immature cones are green, maturing gray-brown 5–7 months after pollination.
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Orchids in the genus Rhomboda are usually terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, sympodial herbs with a creeping, fleshy, above-ground rhizome anchored to the ground by wiry roots. A few species are epiphytic. The leaves are spirally arranged around the stem with the upper leaves forming a loose rosette. They are dark green to maroon or brownish with a central white or red line.
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They are all large, deciduous trees, tall, with palmately 3- to 7-lobed leaves arranged spirally on the stems and length of , having a pleasant aroma when crushed. Their leaves can be many colors such as bright red, Orange and yellow. Mature bark is grayish and vertically grooved. The flowers are small, produced in a dense globular inflorescence diameter, pendulous on a stem.
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1\. Spirally coiled tube-leaf of Genlisea aurea 2. Longitudinal section of tube showing retrorse hairs Genlisea aurea is one of the largest carnivorous species in the genus Genlisea (family Lentibulariaceae). It has pale bundles of root-like organs up to about 15 cm long under ground that attract, trap, and digest protozoans. These organs are subterranean leaves, which lack chlorophyll.
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Close-up on a flower of Impatiens niamniamensis Impatiens niamniamensis grows about long. This evergreen, perennial species has an erect, succulent, brown stem resembling wood. Leaves are simple, ovate- oblong or elliptical, spirally arranged, about 10 cm long. This plant produces bright and colourful bird-shaped flowers (hence the common names Congo cockatoo and parrot plant) with a long, curled nectar spur.
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In ciliates and Apicomplexa, the pellicle is supported by closely packed vesicles called alveoli. In euglenids, it is formed from protein strips arranged spirally along the length of the body. Familiar examples of protists with a pellicle are the euglenoids and the ciliate Paramecium. In some protozoa, the pellicle hosts epibiotic bacteria that adhere to the surface by their fimbriae (attachment pili).
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The upper ones are tuberculate at the sutures, and spirally beaded, the following flat on their outer surfaces, smooth, separated by linear suture. The body whorl is expanded, dilated and compressed at the obtuse periphery, more or less convex below, indented at the axis. The umbilical tract is covered by a spiral pearly deeply entering callus. The aperture is transverse and very oblique.
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These are scarcely convex above, and plicate at the sutures. The folds become fainter and frequently, bifurcating toward the periphery. The whorls are spirally lirate, the lirae below rather coarse, beaded, above finer, cutting the folds more or less into granules. The body whorl generally descends toward the aperture, and is compressed toward the periphery, which is subangular except in large specimens.
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They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine consists of a gallery, starting much contorted, often spirally, but later becoming a full- depth mine with narrow broken frass, running more-or-less straight through the leaf. The exit hole is located on the leaf upperside. The cocoon is white and usually spun on the underside of the leaf.
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The height of the shell attains 14 mm, its diameter 16 mm. The perforate shell has a conoid shape with an acute apex and 6½ whorls.,The first whorl is rosy, the following whorls convex, grayish, spotted with white and black at the narrow sutures. They are spirally lirate with numerous granulose lirae, 8 to 10 on the penultimate whorl.
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The small, imperforate, thin, fragile shell has a globosely conoidal shape. Its sculpture consists of very finely spirally striated, with 30 striations on the penultimate whorl and obscured on the body whorl by growth lines. The colour is variable and typical. The 2 apical whorls are white or pinkish-white, on the third whorl 2 purplish bands equidistant from the sutures arise.
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The columella is twisted spirally, and furnished externally, even to the emargination of the base, with longitudinal ribs. Its ribs, wide and distant, its furrows equally wide, render it easily distinguishable.Kiener (1840). General species and iconography of recent shells : comprising the Massena Museum, the collection of Lamarck, the collection of the Museum of Natural History, and the recent discoveries of travellers; Boston :W.
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Cichlidogyrus centesimus is a species of monopisthocotylean monogenean in the family Dactylogyridae. It was first found infecting the gills of Ophthalmotilapia ventralis in Lake Tanganyika. It can be differentiated from its cogenerates by possessing a spirally coiled thickening at the end of its penis, the accessory piece in the genital apparatus being nonexistent, and a particular uncinuli configuration in its haptor.
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The minute apex is acute. The sutures are impressed. The about 5 whorls are quite convex, the last globose, rounded, encircled by about 16 delicate lirae, above separated by wide interstices, which are lightly obliquely striate, and often spirally striate. On the base of the shell the lirae are closer and more regularly spaced, nearly as wide as the interstices.
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On the base of the shell there are 8 concentric lirae, alternately larger and smaller, the inner one bounding the umbilicus and spirally entering it. The large aperture is oblique, finely sulcate, pearly and iridescent inside. The outer lip is thin. The columella is arcuate, not toothed, a trifle reflexed above, connected with the upper lip by a short, shining, white callus.
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It is hairy around the base just above the ground and may show scattered red spots. Additionally, the lower stem is often blue-rimed. Subsequent leaves are alternate (with a single leaf attached to a node), spirally arranged, and pinnately compound, with leaf bases sheathing the stem. As the plant grows, the bases of the seed leaves, near the taproot, are pushed apart.
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Whorl of Hexachara setacea showing spirally ridged oogonia (approximately 5 mm across). A single fertile whorl of Hexachara riniensis. The whorls of branches are arranged in a hexaradial symmetrical manner . In Hexachara each node produces a whorl of six laterals, and oogonia are produced on each lateral Feist, M., Liu, J. and Tafforeau, P. (2005): New insights into paleozoic charophyte morphology and phylogeny.
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The papaya is a small, sparsely branched tree, usually with a single stem growing from tall, with spirally arranged leaves confined to the top of the trunk. The lower trunk is conspicuously scarred where leaves and fruit were borne. The leaves are large, in diameter, deeply palmately lobed, with seven lobes. All parts of the plant contain latex in articulated laticifers.
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The plant also produces annual fertile shoots. They are more robust than the sterile stems and stand erect. They are usually 3–6 cm tall and 4–6 mm across but can grow to 10 cm when conditions are favourable. Their leaves are slightly longer than those of the sterile stems and are spirally arranged around the stem, pointing upwards.
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A 4 year old Potted Wollemi Pine grown from Cutting. A 4 month old Wollemi Pine seedling The leaves are flat linear, long and broad. They are arranged spirally on the shoot but twisted at the base to appear in two or four flattened ranks. As the leaves mature, they develop from bright lime-green to a more yellowish-green.
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They are biennial or perennial plants, rarely annuals or subshrubs, growing to tall. The plants first form a dense rosette of leaves at ground level, subsequently sending up a tall flowering stem. Biennial plants form the rosette the first year and the stem the following season. The leaves are spirally arranged, often densely hairy, though glabrous (hairless) in some species.
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The flattened blade has a distinct midrib and is readily distinguished from related taxa by the serrated edge of the fronds. It does not have air vesicles, such as are found in F. vesiculosus, nor is it spirally twisted like F. spiralis. Male and female receptacles are on different plants. The lamina shows cryptostomata – small cavities which produce colourless hairs.
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Each complete rotation of this spirally-arranged tube is called a whorl. The whorls of a snail shell usually overlap one another, forming a spire. Where the whorls overlap, there is usually a clear (if narrow) indentation. This indentation forms a visible line, which is continuous and reaches from the apex of the shell to the aperture; this line is the suture.
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Species grow as either large shrubs or small trees with spirally arranged leaves with either entire or serrated margins. They prefer sandy loam soils and are a pyrogenic flowering species, meaning that they rely on post-fire flowering followed by production and dispersal of non-dormant seeds to take advantage of favourable growing conditions in the altered environment following a fire.
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In magnolias, the flower parts are arranged spirally, not in whorls. The monophyly of Magnoliaceae is supported by a number of shared morphological characters among the various genera in the family. Most have bisexual flowers (with the exception of Kmeria and some species of Magnolia section Gynopodium), showy, fragrant, radial, and with an elongated receptacle. Leaves are alternate, simple, and sometimes lobed.
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The tall tree, has a slender, spire-like form. The thin bark is reddish-brown with wrinkles, lines and resin vesicles ('blisters'). The branches are downswept. The needle-like leaves are arranged spirally on the shoot, but twisted at the base to spread either side of the shoot in two moderately forward-pointing ranks with a 'v' gap above the shoot.
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The length of the shell attains 6.2 mm, its diameter 2.7 mm. (Original description) The fusiform-turreted shell contains about 8 whorls. These are sharply angulate, spirally lirate, the strongest thread forming the angle of the whorls and rising like the other threads into knobs upon the longitudinally elongate or variciform tubercles. The surface of the whorl above the keel is minutely lirate by fine spiral threads.
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Thelymitra matthewsii is a tuberous, perennial herb with a single leaf which is egg- shaped near the base, then suddenly narrows to a linear, curved or spirally twisted upper part. The upper part is long and wide. A single (rarely two) dark purple to violet flower with darker veins, wide is borne facing upwards on a flowering stem tall. The sepals and petals are long and wide.
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Melaleuca bracteata is a bushy-foliaged, small to medium tree, normally tall but occasionally taller and it usually flowers and sets seed by the time it is tall. Its bark is rough and dark grey in colour. The leaves are narrow, lance- shaped to linear, long by wide with no stalk, or a very short stalk. The leaves are spirally arranged around the stem and crowded together.
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The incremental lines are sharp, sometimes almost threadlike. The spiral sculpture consists of (from three to five on the spire, about 10 on the body whorl) strong, rounded cords overriding the ribs and not swollen at the intersections. The interspaces are subequal and sometimes with an intercalated smaller thread. Lastly the surface is finely minutely spirally striate in the intervals between the larger threads and cords.
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The shell contains 7 whorls. The two whorls in the protoconch are globose, microscopically reticulated, but appearing smooth under an ordinary lens, rather large. The subsequent five are convex, a little constricted beneath the suture, and spirally ridged and striated. The upper whorls have four or five principal lirae, the uppermost falling just beneath the slight constriction, and the others below at equal distances.
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The protoconch consists of two rounded microscopically spirally grooved whorls. Sculpture: On the first adult whorl there are nine or ten radials, which decrease to six on the lower whorls. These are discontinuous, prominent, vertical, ceasing at the fasciole and on the base. The spirals are evenly spaced, sharp, elevated, overriding and denticulating the ribs, increasing by intercalation from two above to about eighteen below.
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This species has a widely conical trochid (top- shaped) shell, with a more highly raised spire than is typical for the genus. The shell has spirally ribbed sculpture consisting of conspicuous regular rows of robust, round beads. The whorls show a profile with a deep suture, and the final whorl is slightly inflated. The aperture of the shell is white, oval, with a strongly ridged lip.
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On the body there are about twenty spirals, stronger at the shoulder, smaller and closer forward, the wide interspaces finely spirally striate, while the most prominent spirals are undulate or obscurely nodulous. The transverse sculpture is nearly obsolete and hardly to be distinguished from the incremental lines. The aperture is elongate and oval. The outer lip is thin, sharp, crenulated by the sculpture, but not lirate.
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The spire is rather short and broad, scalar, and conical. The protoconch consists of 4½ very small, conical, scalar, convex, buff whorls, parted by a deep suture . The first whorl and half is closely spirally striated with about 10 minute threads. These threads, which are at first almost simple, are by degrees more and more fretted by longitudinals, which break up the threads into minute tubercles.
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The size of an adult shell varies between 10 mm and 27 mm. The shell is obsoletely channeled above the periphery which is not prominently angulated. The longitudinal ribs are numerous, rounded, not prominent, not interrupted on the periphery but continuous to the suture, The shell is sometimes obsoletely spirally striated. The back of the body whorl has a peculiar hump or longitudinal varix.
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The suture is distinct, somewhat appressed, undulated by passing over the ribs. The surface of the shell is more or less lustrous. Its color is white, spirally banded with rich yellow brown, sometimes on the periphery, sometimes on the base, etc., but the fasciole is usually white and the ribs are apt to show white, wholly or in part on the yellow, when present.
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The length of the shell attains 16.5 mm, its diameter 5¾ mm. (Original description) The strong shell is broadly fusiform It is yellowish, painted and spirally lineated with red- brown. It contains nine whorls, of which about 2 form a smooth protoconch. The post-nuclear whorls are convex, with an undulated suture, accompanied by a subsutural rib or keel, below this a slight excavation.
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The cultivar is a spreading, low shrub that grows to 0.4 metres in height and 1 to 2 metres wide. The overall appearance of the foliage is dense and dark green with a silvery sheen from the fine hairs. The leaves, which are narrow and oblong, are notably smaller than most forms of the species. These are arranged spirally on the arching, wiry stems.
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Species of Pteroxygonum are twining vines growing from a large woody globe-shaped tuber. Their leaves are broad and palmate, with a dark red mark around each primary leaf vein. The inflorescence is in the form of an axillary raceme. The flowers are bisexual, with five spirally arranged tepals, eight stamens joined at the base, and three styles, also joined up to about the middle.
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Floral diagram of a cyme of Commelina coelestis from Eichler's 1875 "Blütendiagramme" Plants in the genus are perennial or annual herbs with roots that are usually fibrous or rarely tuberous or rhizomatous. The leaves are distichous (i.e. 2-ranked) or spirally arranged with blades that either lack or have a petiole. The ptyxis, or the way the leaf is folded in the bud, is either involute (i.e.
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The surface shows a variable number of very prominent unequal spiral ridges, often double, or divided by a groove in the middle. The spire is few-whorled and is not elevated near the margin, The inner surface is silvery, with red, blue and green reflections. The nacre is sulcated spirally. The columellar ledge is flattened, becoming gradually narrower below, and is not at all truncated.
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This genus resembles Daphnella in form and general appearance, but differs in having the protoconch spirally grooved instead of being obliquely reticulated. The contour is lanceolate rather than oval. The shell has usually more whorls, increasing less rapidly, with a longer and more turreted spire. The anal fasciole is usually more marked than in Daphnella, being more excavate, and crossed by sharp crescentic riblets.
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The minute shell is oliviform, smoother microscopically spirally striolate, mainly on each side of the sutures, leaving the central portion of the whorl plain, in form cylindrical or elongate, compact, only slightly impressed at the sutures. The whorls of the protoconch are closely and very finely cancellate. The whorls are semi- pellucid, unicolorous white, or flecked with pale stramineous. The aperture is narrowly oblong.
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The colour may be various shades of brown or yellow, disposed often in dots on a white, sometimes opaque, ground. There is a small brown mucronate apex of two or three whorls, the first spirally engraved, the next with oblique lattice lines. The adult shell is netted over by elevate spirals and radials enclosing deep oblong meshes. At the points of intersection are small sharp cusps.
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The length of the shell attains 14 mm, its diameter 5 mm. H. Suter in his "Manual of New Zealand Mollusca" (1913) had no doubt that Mangilia protensa and Pleurotoma (Drillia) amoena are one and the same species. The following is the description given by H. Suter for Mangilia protensa: The shell is fusiform, elongated, turreted, thin and fragile. It is lightly axially costate and spirally lirate.
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Staminal sheath white, 36–44 mm long, free filaments 6–8 mm; anthers white. Ovary sessile, linear, 8–11 mm long, densely pubescent, trichomes white, ascending-asppressed, to 2 mm long; style 30–43 mm long, flattened, bearded lengthwise, exerted beyond stamens, geniculate 5–6 mm from distal end. Legume subsessile, linear, ecostate, valves puberulent-hirsute, strongly transversed-impressed between the seeds, spirally-twisting dehiscent.
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Buchanania arborescens, commonly known as little gooseberry tree or sparrow's mango, is a small and slender tree native to seasonal tropical forests of northern Australia, south-east Asia, and the Solomon Islands. The leaves are spirally arranged, smooth, leathery, elongated oblong, 5–26 cm long. The flowers are very small cream to yellowish white. The edible fruit are globular, small (1 cm long), reddish to purple-black.
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The large necklace shell lives buried in the sand and gravel of the lower shore and the neritic zone to depths of 125 metres. It feeds on bivalve molluscs, penetrating their shells with its proboscis and sucking out the contents. Egg capsules are laid in a spirally wound collar of jelly embedded with sand grains. The remains of these may be found on the beach.
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Stephania is a genus of flowering plants in the family Menispermaceae, native to eastern and southern Asia and Australia. They are herbaceous perennial vines growing to around four metres tall, with a large, woody caudex. The leaves are arranged spirally on the stem, and are peltate, with the leaf petiole attached near the centre of the leaf. The name Stephania comes from the Greek, "a crown".
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The leaves have characteristic pellucid dots and are linear to linear-oblanceolate. The leaves are rounded at their tip and narrow towards their sessile or subpetiolar base. The leaves are 1–4 cm long and 1–6 mm wide. Pairs of leaves are spirally arranged but not decussate, and lower leaves become more purplish, smaller, more elliptic, and crowded due to shortening of the internodes.
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The solid shell has a depressed-conical shape. The outer surface is sharply, spirally striate and closely obliquely striated . The shell has a more or less developed callous ridge or funicle revolving on the inner side of the whorl within the umbilicus, and terminating at the columella, the edge of which is reflexed over it. The sinuous columella terminates in a point or denticle at its base.
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The shell contains 7 whorls, angularly convex, finely spirally striated throughout and longitudinally regularly ribbed. The ribs are narrow, rather distant (12 on the penultimate whorl). The body whorl is longer than the spire, angular above, then slightly convex, attenuated towards the base, terminating in a short narrow slightly recurved rostrum. The aperture is long, rather wide in the middle, and narrower at each end.
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They are arranged spirally on the shoot, but with the leaf bases twisted so that the leaves appear to be in two more-or-less horizontal rows on either side of the shoot. The needles become shorter and thicker the higher they are on the tree. The seed cones are erect, long, dark purple, ripening brown and disintegrating to release the winged seeds in September.
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The inflorescence is a raceme with a few to many resupinate green flowers spirally arranged on a flowering stem. Each flower has a short stalk with a small bract near its base. The broad dorsal sepal is sharp-pointed, dished on the lower side and forms a horizontal hood over the column. The lateral sepals are similar to, but much narrower than the dorsal sepal.
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The outer lip is thin and sharp, not at all expanded. The inner lip is thin and sharp, a very little patulous on the columella, where it also retreats a little, so as to form a slight open sinus. The shell is brilliantly iridescent within. The umbilicus is wide and pervious, and deeply impressed at the suture, which runs spirally up to the apex within.
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It shows long, spirally arranged peripheral spines on all five whorls (about equal to width of shoulder). The whorls are flat- sided. The early whorls show, on the upper surface, five beaded spirals, between which on the later whorls are intercalated one or more much smaller beaded or simple threads. These are crossed obliquely by small, sharp, imbricated lamellae, visible only under a lens.
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The shell is very small, its length measuring 3.5 – 4 mm and it is 6.5 mm wide. The small, very solid, shell has an depressed, orbicular shape with a conic spire. The 4½-5 whorls are convex and strongly spirally lirate.These lirae are smooth, about twelve in number on the body whorl, three on penultimate whorl, not perceptibly crenulated by the very subtle incremental stride.
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Melaleuca alsophila is a dense shrub or tree to and is often multistemmed. There is considerable variation in its leaf size, even on one individual plant but they are commonly long (sometimes up to ), flat, 5 to 7-veined and spirally arranged on the stem. They are typically oval to tear-drop shaped, tapering near the stem. The flowers are cream to white, in small dense heads.
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They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine consists of a full-depth gallery, starting much contorted, often spirally, later becoming a full-depth mine with narrow broken, brown frass, running more-or- less straight through the leaf. The larval exit hole is located on the upperside of the leaf. The cocoon is white and usually spun on the underside of the leaf.
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They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine consists of a full-depth gallery, starting much contorted, often spirally, later becoming a full-depth mine with a narrow broken, brown frass line, following a straighter course through the leaf. The larval exit hole is located on the upperside of the leaf. The cocoon is white and usually spun on the underside of the leaf.
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Leaf of a devil's club, in late summer Devil's club generally grows to tall. Some stands located in rainforest gullies or moist, undisturbed areas can reach heights of to or more. The spines are found along the upper and lower surfaces of veins of its leaves as well as the stems. The leaves are spirally arranged on the stems, simple, palmately lobed with 5-13 lobes, across.
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Dead leaves are marcescent in juvenile palms, but abscise, naturally fall off the tree, neatly in adults. The inflorescence is infrafoliar and surrounded by a long, leathery spathe, which curls up on itself after abscission (due to drying out). The inflorescence stalk is long and elliptic in cross-section. The rachis is very short, long and bearing about 30–50 crowded, spirally arranged rachillae.
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The spire is rather straightly conical with an acute apex and about six whorls. These are separated by subcanaliculate sutures The upper surfaceis spirally sculptured with about 6 coarse, conspicuously granose lirae, of which the first and the sixth (or peripheral) are most prominent. The base of the shell is slightly convex, bearing 6 to 7 concentric, coarse, conspicuously granose separated lirae. The aperture is rhomboidal.
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The spire is conic. The five whorls are a little tumid below each suture, and with a narrow ledge or margin, marked off by an impressed line, above each suture. This peripheral ledge gives the body whorl a rather prominent keel. The surface is polished, but shows quite prominent, spaced, impressed growth lines, and under a lens is all over very densely minutely spirally striate.
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The height of the shell varies between 15 mm and 28 mm, its diameter between 21 mm and 24 mm. The shell is imperforate in the adult, generally perforate when immature. It is heavy and thick and has an elongate-conical shape. Its color is cinereous greenish or whitish, spirally traversed by bands composed of alternating white and black purplish or red squarish spots.
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Trypanoporida is an extinct order of encrusting animals from the Tentaculita class, which were common in the Devonian oceans (Weedon, 1991). Their affinity is unknown; they have been placed among worms and corals. They appear to be closely related to other taxa of uncertain affinity, including the microconchids, cornulitids and tentaculitids. Spirally coiled trypanoporids (Devonian) have most likely been derived from the geologically older microconchids (Upper Ordovician).
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Plants of this family have a variety of habits, from trees to herbaceous plants to lianas. The leaves of the tropical genera are usually spirally alternate, while those of the temperate maples (Acer), Aesculus, and a few other genera are opposite. They are most often pinnately compound, but are palmately compound in Aesculus, and simply palmate in Acer. The petiole has a swollen base and lacks stipules.
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The length of the shell varies between 8 mm and 10 mm. The small shell has a conical shape, the sides are straight or slightly convex.. The angle of the spire is 70°. The five, rarely six, whorls are flat with an elevated upper edge, and, together with the base, spirally striated. The pointed protoconch is regularly conical, and consists of about 2 whorls.
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Ecological communities dominated by sedges are known as sedgelands or sedge meadows. Some species superficially resemble the closely related rushes and the more distantly related grasses. Features distinguishing members of the sedge family from grasses or rushes are stems with triangular cross-sections (with occasional exceptions) and leaves that are spirally arranged in three ranks. In comparison, grasses have alternate leaves, forming two ranks.
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New leaves quickly sprout after fall and winter rains, but during the dry summer months these typically shrivel. Colony of black-spored quillwort on Arabia Mountain, GA Isoetes melanospora is a small plant growing in mud or shallow water but becoming terrestrial as the ground dries. Rootstock is nearly spherical. Leaves are up to 7 cm (2.8 inches) long, spirally arranged, tapering to the tip.
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Such flowers are not cyclic. However in the common case of spirally arranged sepals on an otherwise cyclic flower, the term hemicyclic may be used. The suffix -cyclic is used to denote the number of whorls contained within a flower. The most common case is the pentacyclic flower, which contains five whorls: a calyx, a corolla, two whorls of stamens, and a single whorl of carpels.
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The leaves are thick, with a central rib, and are characteristically dark brown and shiny. The margins are rounded, except at the tip of the leaf which is awl shaped. They are spirally arranged from the bottom of the plant.Launceston Field Naturalists Club (1996), A Guide to Flowers and Plants of Tasmania, Reed Books Australia The bracts are dark brown, becoming larger and broader as they ascend.
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Southward the color becomes deeper, of a salmon hue, and the sculpture finer. The surface is spirally traversed by unequal cord-like lirae, separated by sharply crispate- striate interspaces, as wide or wider than the ridges. The latter are nearly smooth or show traces of the oblique striation. Upon the last 1½ whorls there is usually a spiral thread in the inter-liral spaces.
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The interstices are slightly broader than the riblets. They are crossed by spiral threads,4 fine and close together on the shoulder, 1 on the carina of the whorl, and 3 below it, the uppermost of these at some distance from the keel. The crossing-points are produced into small oval gemmules. The base is spirally striate, all the striae in front of the aperture being smooth.
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Sedum cyprium, the Cyprus stonecrop, is an erect, monocarpic, succulent herb with an unbranched stem, 10–30 cm high. Leaves succulent, simple and entire reddish in sunny positions, the basal leaves in rosettes, hairless, spathulate, 3-6 x 1–2 cm, the higher leaves are thinly glandular and spirally arranged. the numerous actinomorphic flowers are greenish or reddish, gathered in a cylindrical panicle. Flowers June-Sep.
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The first true leaf appears about 10–15 days after germination. Subsequent leaves are alternate (with a single leaf attached to a node), spirally arranged, and pinnately compound, with leaf bases sheathing the stem. As the plant grows, the bases of the seed leaves, near the taproot, are pushed apart. The stem, located just above the ground, is compressed and the internodes are not distinct.
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The accident was caused by bad forging and burned metal. In 1854, Safe Harbor Iron Works of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania produced the highest-quality iron rods used in lighthouse construction. The company's superintendent John Griffen proposed manufacturing a cannon by welding together a bundle of wrought iron rods and then drilling out the bore. Later, the process was refined by winding a bar spirally around the bundle.
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The corolla tube is usually pentagonal and urn-shaped or oblong, with tufts of downward-pointing hairs low down in the tube opposite the lobes. The petals are arranged spirally and practically close the tube. The stamens arise from the base of the corolla. The anthers generally are sagittate at their bases, and bear pollinia.Dyer, R. Allen, “The Genera of Southern African Flowering Plants”.
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The shell color is a brown-tinted whitish; the base is copiously dappled with oblong spots, and more or less spirally clouded with dull reddish brown. The upper surface has a broad reddish-brown band above the periphery. This band is often mottled, and fades out at its upper edge. There is a narrow dark spiral band bordering the suture below, fading on the two earlier whorls.
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Cloth of gold woven with golden strips Cloth of gold or gold cloth is a fabric woven with a gold-wrapped or spun weft—referred to as "a spirally spun gold strip". In most cases, the core yarn is silk wrapped (filé) with a band or strip of high content gold. In rarer instances, fine linen and wool have been used as the core.
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The surface in front of the keel is moderately convex, spirally sculptured by obsolete distant lines crossed by fine irregular slightly elevated incremental lines, which, in spots, produce a vermiculate aspect. The base of the shell is a little constricted behind the short, nearly straight, attenuated cana. The; body shows a wash of callus. The outer lip has a wide, moderately deep, rounded anal sulcus.
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The ornamentation of the interior differs from classical models more than the plan. The columns are spirally fluted — a classical form — but the capitals are angular, and made to support arches. On the walls also there are curious medallions fiom which tho vaulting-ribs spring, which seem peculiar to the style, since they are found repeated in the church of Santa Cristina de Lena.
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The body whorl is convex above, and slightly depressed beneath the suture, at the periphery flattened and biangulate. The base of the shell is nearly flat, delicately spirally striate, around the umbilicus encircled with a shallow groove. The umbilicus is white, deep, surrounded by a whitish callus forming a faint tooth at the base of the columella. It is bordered by a shallow sulcus on the whorl.
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Illustration of Oenothera biennis Oenothera biennis has a life span of two years (biennial) growing to tall. The leaves are lanceolate, long and broad, produced in a tight rosette the first year, and spirally on a stem the second year. Blooming lasts from late spring to late summer. The flowers are hermaphrodite, produced on a tall spike and only last until the following noon.
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The membranous peridium is transparently thin and shinily iridescent-coloured. Its surface is composed of a coarse mesh arrangement of wrinkled lines, along which it later divides into pieces. The capillitium is often irregular, usually due to the presence of several yellow-brown, translucent spirally banded strands, which divide towards the outer end. The branches are often intertwined spirals, which sometimes form a network.
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Diuris purdiei is a tuberous, perennial herb with between five and ten spirally twisted leaves in a tuft near its base. Each leaf is long, wide. Up to eight pale yellow flowers with reddish brown or purplish markings near the centre, long and wide are borne on a flowering stem tall. The dorsal sepal is more or less erect or curved backwards, long and wide.
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Phlegmariurus varius, is a fir moss or club moss in the family Lycopodiaceae found in areas of Australia, New Zealand and associated islands. It has a number of synonyms including Huperzia varia. Phlegmariurus varius can grow on the ground and as a lithophyte or epiphyte. It can have one or many branches that are spirally arranged with slender leaves that narrow to a point.
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It is a large evergreen or semi-evergreen tree growing to tall and with a trunk of diameter (occasionally much more; see below). The leaves are spirally arranged but twisted at the base to lie in two horizontal ranks, long and broad. The cones are ovoid, long and broad. Unlike bald cypress and pond cypress, Montezuma cypress rarely produces cypress knees from the roots.
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The Plant List: Citriobatus (retrieved 20/11/2017) They are commonly known as pittosporums or, more ambiguously, "cheesewoods". The species are trees and shrubs growing to 2–30 m tall. The leaves are spirally arranged or whorled, simple, with an entire or waved (rarely lobed) margin. The flowers are produced singly or in umbels or corymbs, each flower with five sepals and five petals; they are often sweetly scented.
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The length of the shell varies between 5 mm and 16 mm. The shell has five whorls in the teleoconch, transverse ribs and a fine granulous or frosty spiral sculpture. Its color is whitish, lineated spirally with yellow brown and often with some brown on the outside of the siphonal canal or on the columella. K. limonitella has the spire but a trifle shorter than the body whorl.
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The length of the (decollated) shell attains 9 mm, its diameter 5 mm. (Original description) The shell much resembles Cryptogemma calypso Dall, 1919, from which it differs by having the anal fasciole striated spirally, the surface in front of the shoulder without spiral sculpture and minutely vermiculate, the ribs more knob-like, shorter, and averaging about 12 on the body whorl. The shell contains 6 whorls. The apex is always eroded.
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Thelymitra spiralis is a tuberous, perennial herb with a single leaf which is egg-shaped near the reddish base, then suddenly narrows to a linear, channelled, curved or spirally twisted upper part. The upper part is long and wide. Up to three pink, reddish, purplish or blue flowers, sometimes with darker veins or spots, wide are borne on a flowering stem tall. The sepals and petals are long and wide.
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Curly locks was first formally described in 1840 by John Lindley who gave it the name Macdonaldia spiralis and published the description in A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony. In 1865 Ferdinand von Mueller changed the name to Thelymitra spiralis and published the updated name in Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae. The specific epithet (spiralis) is a Latin word meaning "coil" or "twist" referring to the spirally twisted leaf.
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The suture is distinct. The anal fasciole is obscure, undulated by the ends of the ribs, spirally striated. The axial sculpture consists of (on the body whorl 14 or 15) rounded ribs with wider interspaces, prominent at the shoulder, crossing the whorls at the spire, obsolete on the base. The spiral sculpture consists of numerous narrow channeled grooves with wider flattish interspaces, not nodulating the summits of the ribs.
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It is sculptured with oblique longitudinal folds (11 on the penultimate whorl) which stop abruptly at the shoulder and gradually decrease below. The spirals are rather spaced, coarse and unequal, alternating in size, absent on the concave upper surface of the whorls. The surface between lirae and over the concave anal fasciole is finely spirally striate. The aperture is subrhombic, narrowed below, slightly over one-third the shell's length.
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The length of the shell attains 5.2 mm, its diameter 2.3 mm. The solid, elongate shell has a uniform dull color and consists of 7 convex whorls, separated by an impressed suture. The two whorls of the protoconch are smooth. The subsequent whorls show axial ribs (10 on the body whorl) and spirally decurrent cords (3 on the penultimate, 6 on the body whorl), forming a remarkable network with quadrangular meshes.
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They are often irregularly grouped together, each with a slender, twisted stalk connecting it to a spreading, membranous holdfast. The sphere is filled with a thick, gelatinous material with the developing embryo spirally coiled within. When it is nearly long and ready to hatch, a pair of small, rounded protuberances at the side of the sphere fall off, allowing the juvenile leech to emerge, and search for a suitable host fish.
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The protoconch is small, ruddy brown, consisting of 4½ conical whorls. Of these the lower two-thirds is covered with very minute reticulations, while the upper part is scored with minute curved bars, the surface between which is very slightly spirally marked. It ends in a minute tip a little bent down on one side. The shell contains 10 whorls in all, of regular proportions and uniform increase.
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The anal fasciole is not spirally striate. The axial sculpture consists of (on the body whorl about 10) sharp- edged ribs, with wider interspaces, compressed and arcuate on the anal fasciole, nearly vertical elsewhere and extending over the whole whorl, but not continuous over the spire. The incremental lines are inconspicuous. The aperture is rather wide and short with a deep rounded anal sulcus and a prominent subsutural callosity.
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Spiranthes australis is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with between three and ten linear to lance-shaped or spatula- shaped dark green leaves which are long and wide. Between ten and sixty bright pink flowers are crowded and spirally arranged along a flowering spike tall. The flowers are long and wide, ranging from deep pink to pure white. The dorsal sepal is lance-shaped to egg-shaped, long and wide.
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The length of the shell attains 17 mm, its diameter 7.5 mm. (Original description) The biconic, acute shell is dark brown with paler projections and a reddish brown protoconch of two smooth whorls. These are followed by nine subsequent whorls. The suture is closely appressed, obscure, somewhat undulated with two fine threads and a garland of elongated paler nodules between it and the constricted spirally grooved anal fasciole.
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The leaves are spirally arranged, crowded near the ends of the branches, and grow up to 150 × 120 mm in size. They are ovate, often 3-lobed, dark green above, paler and greyer below, with velvety surfaces, 3-veined from the base. The veins are yellowish and the stalk up to 90 mm long. The cream to yellowish-green flowers grow in compact heads and have an unpleasant smell.
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Melaleuca xerophila is a large shrub or small spreading tree which grows to a height of and has fibrous or papery bark. The leaves are alternately or spirally arranged, narrow elliptic in shape, long and wide. The flowers are white or cream-coloured and are arranged in heads near the ends of the branches, each head usually consisting of one to nine individual flowers. The base of the flower is long.
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The species is monoecious, with pollen and seed cones on the same plant. The seed cones are ovoid, long, with 15–25 spirally arranged scales; pollination is in late winter with maturation about 8–9 months after. Each cone scale bears three to seven seeds, each seed long and broad, with two wings wide. The seeds are released when the cone scales dry out and open at maturity.
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It is a large forest canopy tree growing up to 35 m high, and rarely to over 50 m. The trunk is buttressed at the base and has mainly smooth, or slightly roughened, dark brown bark. The compound leaves are arranged spirally up the branchlets with the leaflets opposite and symmetric. The small (up to 10 mm diameter) white to pale yellow or cream- coloured flowers occur as axillary inflorescences.
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Most genera in this subfamily have one of three easily recognized types of embryos. The genera of Myrtoideae can be very difficult to distinguish in the absence of mature fruits. Myrtoideae are found worldwide in subtropical and tropical regions, with centers of diversity in the Neotropics, northeastern Australia, and Malesia. In contrast, subfamily Leptospermoideae (about 80 genera) was recognized as having dry, dehiscent fruits (capsules) and leaves arranged spirally or alternate.
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Ten to twenty (or many more) stamens inserted below the ovary, spirally arranged and forming a ball or flat-topped mass with short and stout filaments and linear to oblong anthers which face outward and open longitudinally. Each flower can have from one to many pistils, distinct to connate, with stigmas distinct. Marginal placentation, each pistil bearing one locule, with one to many ovules. Style short and thick, with terminal stigma.
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The surface has a strong rounded ridge inside of the row of elevated tubular holes, and a smaller, nodose ridge outside of it. Above it is finely striated spirally, and with coarse raised lamellae between the spire and the inner spiral rib. Its inner surface is silvery and very iridescent, with excavations corresponding to the elevations of the outer surface. The columellar plate is narrow, and obliquely truncated below.
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Homoranthus porteri is a shrub growing to high. The leaves are a dull green, small, slightly smooth, about long, wide and arranged spirally in pairs at right angles to the previous pair on the branches. The small flowers hang pendulous in pairs on a stalk from the leaf axils. The flowers have red bracts and a style about long that protrudes from the centre of the flower petals.
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Xylocarpus granatum is a small to medium-sized evergreen tree, growing to a maximum height of . The trunk has buttresses and above-ground roots which extend for long distances to either side. The bark is brown and smooth, and comes away in flakes. The leaves are pinnate and arranged spirally on the twigs; they have two to four pairs of leaflets and are pale green when young and darken with age.
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Linum perenne, the perennial flax, blue flax or lint, is flowering plant in the family Linaceae, native to Europe, primarily in the Alps and locally in England. It is a slender herbaceous perennial plant growing to 60 cm tall, with spirally arranged narrow lanceolate leaves 1–2.5 cm long. The flowers are pale blue, 2–2.5 cm diameter, with five petals. The English populations are sometimes distinguished as Linum perenne subsp.
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The size of the shell varies between 6 mm and 10 mm. The narrowly umbilicate shell has a globose- conic shape with a conic spire and an acute apex. It is pinkish, dark brown, blackish or pink, radiately maculated with white below the sutures, and dotted with white around the center of the base. The 5 to 6 whorls are convex and separated by canaliculate sutures, and spirally granose-lirate.
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They are spirally lirate with granose lirae;, 6 on the penultimate whorl, of which the 1st, 3d, 5th are entirely reddish, the 2d, 4th, 6th composed of alternating white and black granules. The body whorl is globose, bearing 15 or 16 lirae, somewhat convex beneath. The concentric lirae are uniform yellowish-brown, often in pairs, separated by single alternately white and black articulated lirae. The oblique aperture is rhomboid.
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It is obsoletely distantly spirally grooved. These number about 7 on the penultimate whorl, mostly indistinct, crossed by more or less distinct oblique growth lines . The base of the shell contains about 5 spiral separated narrow ridges, often inconspicuous. The colour is whitish, tinged with blue on the body whorl and yellowish or pinkish on the spire, all over closely longitudinally marked with longitudinal zigzag markings of purple.
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Attaching by adventitious roots, its stems are up to 10 cm in diameter, are occasionally armed with stinging hairs and exude copious and clear potable sap when cut. Bark is grey to brownish-black and longitudinally striate with large leaf scars on young branches. Pith is spongy, or stems are hollow in centre. Leaves are simple and with drip tips, elliptic to ovate with entire margins, and spirally arranged.
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They are tuberous herbaceous perennial lianas, growing to or more tall. The leaves are spirally arranged, mostly broad heart- shaped. The flowers are individually inconspicuous, greenish-yellow, with six petals; they are mostly dioecious, with separate male and female plants, though a few species are monoecious, with male and female flowers on the same plant. The fruit is a capsule in most species, a soft berry in a few species.
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The length of the shell attains 16.5 mm, its diameter 5.5 mm. (Original description) A slender shell of medium size containing about nine whorls. The apex is decorticated, but apparently the smooth papillate initial whorl is succeeded by a little more than half a whorl, on which the sculpture is limited to a medial and a stronger anterior spiral. The remaining whorls are both axially and spirally adorned.
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The peristome is sinuous above. The umbilical region is covered with a heavy callus, more or less stained with pinkish, somewhat excavated at center, and obsoletely spirally ridged.G.W. Tryon (1888), Manual of Conchology X; Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (described as Astralium (Guildfordia) triumphans) Shell of Guildfordia triumphans (Philippi, 1841), (rare 10 spined form) measuring 38.1 mm diameter, taken by gill nets at 30–50 fathoms off Minabe, in Japan.
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The folds number about thirty-six on the body whorl and terminate on the periphery in nodules (or spines in the young,) generally intersected about the middle by two to four spiral impressed lines. The periphery is angled, more or less swollen. The base of the shell is nearly flat, more or less sharply radiately striate, and spirally lirate. The frequently nodulose lirae number about six, or sometimes more.
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The size of the shell varies between 9 mm and 14 mm. The shell has a straightly conical shape. It is imperforate, solid, and rather thick with a yellowish flesh-color. It is sculptured spirally with numerous smooth riblets, alternately larger and smaller, 8 or 9 on the penultimate whorl, about 14 on the base, some of the interstitial ones near the axis quite small, the outer ones subequal in size.
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The surface of the shell is finely spirally striate, the striae about 8 on the body whorl, with a couple of stronger ribs at the periphery, which are visible above the suture on the spire whorls. The short spire is conic, acute, with its lateral outlines rectilinear. The 7–8 whorls are flat, the last one acutely carinated, and flat beneath. The oblique aperture is rhomboidal, smooth and nacreous within.
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Its branchlets lack any hair or are covered with minute soft erect hairs. The many phyllodes are spirally arranged or irregularly whorled. Their dimensions are : 2.5–12 mm long, and 0.4–0.7 mm wide The inflorescences are simple with one globular flower head per axil, with 16 to 27 creamy white or golden flowers. The blackish pods are narrow and about 5 cm long and 7 to 15 mm wide.
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The genus includes annual, biennial and perennial herbaceous plants and soft-wooded shrubs, growing from 1–3 m tall. The leaves are spirally arranged, and palmately lobed. The flowers are conspicuous, 4–12 cm diameter, with five white, pink or red petals; they are produced in terminal clusters. Lavatera species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Bucculatrix lavaterella, which feeds exclusively on these plants.
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The species are monoecious. inflorescence sprouts at the crownshaft base, branched to two orders with a short, winged, tomentose peduncle, colored brown and bearing spines. There is a single peduncular bract, the rachis long, often spiny, bearing ivory to red rachillae. The flowers are spirally arranged on first order rachillae, subtended by triangular bracts, with pairs or single staminate flowers on the tips; the branchlets elongate and become green in fruit.
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The upper surface is broadly radiately maculate with crimson, the flames not extending below the periphery, which, with the base, is dotted with the same shade. The spire is usually attenuated toward the acute rose-colored apex. The about 6 whorls are convex, the last one deflected anteriorly. They are spirally sculptured with about 18 closely granose cinguli, of which 5 to 8 principal ones are above the periphery.
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Flowers of the closely related genus Phragmanthera are similar in many respects. The flower may have a swollen base and the tubes open along unilateral, V-shaped splits. The filaments remain spirally rolled inward when the flowers open, while the styles are inconspicuous, slender filaments that are somewhat thickened in the middle. Berries range from pink to orange and red in colour, and are around 1 cm in diameter.
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It blooms from August to September and produces yellow flowers. The inflorescences occur singly in the axils and have spherical to obloid shaped flower-heads containing 35 to 60 golden coloured flowers. After flowering seed pods form that have a spirally coiled shape. The coriaceous and glabrous seed pods have a width of and contain dull black to brown seeds with an oblong shape and a length of .
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H. brasiliensis is a tall deciduous tree growing to a height of up to in the wild, but cultivated trees are usually much smaller because drawing off the latex restricts the growth of the tree. The trunk is cylindrical and may have a swollen, bottle-shaped base. The bark is some shade of brown, and the inner bark oozes latex when damaged. The leaves have three leaflets and are spirally arranged.
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They are deciduous or evergreen shrubs growing to 2–13 m tall. The leaves are opposite, entire, 7–20 cm long and 3–7 cm broad. The flowers are 2–3 cm wide, with numerous spirally-arranged yellow or white tepals; they are strongly scented, and produced in late winter or early spring before the new leaves. The fruit is an elliptic dry capsule 3–4 cm long.
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Gymnosporia buxifolia grows up to 9 metres tall. It has light brown bark that darkens with age, eventually becoming flakey, rough, corky and fissured. It may be unarmed or armed with long straight spines. The leaves are green, slightly paler on underside, glabrous, often borne clustered on very short dwarf spur-branchlets in the axils of the spines or infrequently on young spines or arranged spirally on new growth.
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Utricularia densiflora is a carnivorous plant in the genus Utricularia and is endemic to Brazil. It is a hydrophytic herb that has stolons up to long. It produces inflorescences around long with the bracts and flowers arranged spirally around the inflorescence. The species epithet densiflora refers to the density of flowers that each plant produces, which typically ranges from 15 to 23 flowers congested near the top of the inflorescence.
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These riblets render the flattened and faintly spirally striated, raised spaces between the incised channels feebly crenulated on both edges. Five incised channels appear between the sutures on the second and third whorl and six on the fourth and fifth. The periphery and the base of the body whorl are well rounded, the latter sculptured like the space between the sutures, with six spiral channels. The suboval aperture is quite large.
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Eucalyptus diptera is a mallet that typically grows to a height of but can reach as high as with smooth, shiny, spirally fluted, greenish to brownish bark. It does not form a lignotuber. Young plants and coppice regrowth have dull bluish green leaves arranged alternately and broadly lance-shaped, long and wide. Adult leaves are glossy green, linear to narrow lance-shaped, long and wide on a petiole long.
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Flowers and fruit (capsules) of the ground orchid, Spathoglottis plicata, illustrating an inferior ovary. Basal angiosperm groups tend to have carpels arranged spirally around a conical or dome-shaped receptacle. In later lineages, carpels tend to be in whorls. Illustration showing longitudinal sections through hypogynous (a), perigynous (b), and epigynous (c) flowers The relationship of the other flower parts to the gynoecium can be an important systematic and taxonomic character.
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Members of the family are small to large herbaceous plants with distichous leaves with basal sheaths that overlap to form a pseudostem. The plants are either self-supporting or epiphytic. Flowers are hermaphroditic, usually strongly zygomorphic, in determinate cymose inflorescences, and subtended by conspicuous, spirally arranged bracts. The perianth is composed of two whorls, a fused tubular calyx, and a tubular corolla with one lobe larger than the other two.
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Ceratostigma (;Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607), or leadwort, plumbago, is a genus of eight species of flowering plants in the family Plumbaginaceae, native to warm temperate to tropical regions of Africa and Asia. Common names are shared with the genus Plumbago. They are flowering herbaceous plants, subshrubs, or small shrubs growing to tall. The leaves are spirally arranged, simple, 1–9 cm long, usually with a hairy margin.
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The sutures are either simple, linear, or somewhat canaliculate. There is a concavity in the subsutural area. The about 5 whorls are spirally transversed by excessively minute spiral striae. The body whorl has an acute nodulous carina at the periphery, and another angulation or keel at the middle of the upper surface of the whorl and continued upon the spire, and which is usually nodose on the body whorl.
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Their roots have small secondary roots. The coralloid roots develop at the base of the stem at or below the soil surface. Male and female sporophylls are spirally aggregated into determinate cones that grow along the axis. Female sporophylls are simple, appearing peltate, with a barren stipe and an expanded and thickened lamina with 2 (rarely 3 or more) sessile ovules inserted on the inner (axis facing) surface and directed inward.
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Branches are generally ascending or spreading, but become pendulous on shaded parts of the crown. The bark is initially brown and weathers dark gray, exfoliating in scale-like flakes. The leaves are generally flattened with a decurrent base and a spreading blade, but leading shoots may also have appressed scale-like leaves. The leaves are inserted spirally but are twisted on lateral branchlets to appear pectinate and nearly opposite.
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Fucus spiralis is olive brown in colour and similar to Fucus vesiculosus and Fucus serratus. It grows to about 30 cm long and branches somewhat irregularly dichotomous and is attached, generally to rock, by a discoid holdfast. The flattened blade has a distinct mid-rib and is usually spirally twisted without a serrated edge, as in Fucus serratus, and it does not show air-vesicles, as Fucus vesiculosus.Newton, L. 1931.
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Leaves Bursera simaruba is a small to medium- sized tree growing to 30 meters tall, with a diameter of one meter or less at 1.5 meters above ground.Foster (2007) The bark is shiny dark red, and the leaves are spirally arranged and pinnate with 7-11 leaflets, each leaflet broad ovate, 4–10 cm long and 2–5 cm broad. (2004): Bursera simaruba on Floridata. Version of 2004-MAY-16.
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The species of Halopeplis are succulent annual ore perennial herbs with glabrous, not jointed plant stems. The alternate or nearly opposite leaves are fleshy, glabrous, globular or ovate, sessile and stem-clasping, with distinct or reduced leaf blades. The cylindrical spike-like inflorescences are standing laterally or terminally in the upper parts of the plants. In spirally arranged cymes groups of three flowers are sitting in the axils of fleshy bracts.
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The leaf is dark green and in this species the midrib is streaked with white. The netlike veining on the leaf is also white, but not as thick as the midrib stripes. The plant produces an erect inflorescence up to about 30 centimeters tall. The top of the inflorescence has many white orchid flowers which may all face the same direction on the stalk, or be spirally arranged about it.
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Segmental sliplining is very similar to continuous sliplining. The difference is primarily based on the pipe material used as the new carrier pipe. When using any bell and spigot pipe such as FRP, PVC, HDPE or Spirally Welded Steel Pipe, the individual pieces of pipe are lowered into place, pushed together, and pushed along the existing pipe corridor. Using either method the annular space between the two pipes must be grouted.
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Maria Bâtcă, Costumul popular românesc, vol. II of Anotimpul de artă populară collection groomed by Oana Gabriela Petrică and edited by CNCPCT, Bucharest, 2006 Thus, it is still possible to talk about a civilization of sacred fabrics. For example, the thread of spun is column-shaped and spirally twisted, which increases the sacredness of the fabric. Also, having different colors is the most useful means for expressing feelings and behaviors.
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Morphology: Adult has two lateral lips, dorsal and ventral lips may also be present. Buccal capsule cylindrical, chitinous. Oesophagous is divided into two parts, a short anterior muscular and long posterior glandular portion, intestine simple without any diverticula. Male: spicules unequal, gubernaculum present and bears 4 pairs of preanal, 1 pair adanal and 2 pairs of postanal pedunculated papillae, 3 pairs of sessile papillae also present, tail spirally twisted.
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The body whorl shows a cord at the suture and on the other side of the anal fasciole about five elevated keels with subequal interspaces, more adjacent on the base with about as many more smaller and closer threads on the anterior region. The suture is appressed and obscure. The anal fasciole is concave, not spirally striated The axial sculpture consists of rather close sharp striae which cut the spirals. The aperture is narrow.
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Thelymitra uliginosa is a tuberous, perennial herb with a dark green leaf which is egg-shaped near the purplish base, then suddenly narrows to a linear, curved or spirally twisted upper part. The upper part is long and wide. There is usually only a single pink, mauve, blue or purplish flower with darker veins and sometimes darker blotches, wide borne on a flowering stem tall. The sepals and petals are long and wide.
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Live animal of the Florida fighting conch Strombus alatus: Note the extensible snout in the foreground, and the two stalked eyes behind it. Like almost all shelled gastropods, conches have spirally constructed shells. Again, as is normally the case in many gastropods, this spiral shell growth is usually right-handed, but on very rare occasions it can be left-handed. True conches have long eye stalks, with colorful ring-marked eyes at the tips.
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The leaves are deciduous, spirally arranged but twisted at the base to lie in two horizontal ranks, long and broad, but long and scale-like on shoots in the upper crown. The cones are green maturing yellow-brown, pear-shaped, long and diameter, broadest near the apex. They open when mature to release the small, long, winged seeds. It typically grows in river banks, ponds and swamps, growing in water up to deep.
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The length of the shell attains 4.6 mm, its diameter 2.4 mm. (Original description) The shell consists of 6 whorls, including the protoconch of 2 whorls, with an exsert apex, closely spirally lirate. When viewed from the apex, the contour of the spire whorls is not uniformly curved, but polygonal, septangulate in the type. They have a central angulation, provided with a stout, rounded cord, and are constricted at the linear sutures.
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The leaves are spirally arranged, linear to arrowhead-shaped, 2–5 cm long and alternate, with a 1–3 cm petiole. The flowers are trumpet- shaped, 1–2.5 cm diameter, white or pale pink, with five slightly darker pink radial stripes. Flowering occurs in the mid-summer, when white to pale pink, funnel-shaped flowers develop. Flowers are approximately 0.75–1 in (1.9–2.5 cm) across and are subtended by small bracts.
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Plants in the genus Regelia are woody, evergreen shrubs ranging in height from . Their leaves are small, arranged in opposite pairs or spirally and are noted for bearing essential oils. Their flowers are pinkish purple, rarely red, and are arranged in heads on the ends of branches which continue to grow after flowering. The flowers have 5 sepals, 5 petals and numerous stamens arranged in 5 bundles around the edge of the flower.
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The shell contains 4 whorls, of which two constitute the protoconch, the last descending, and in slight contact with its predecessor. The protoconch is smooth, helicoid, and sharply defined. The sculpture of the shell shows in the body whorl twenty-four, in the penultimate whorl nineteen, elevated curled and forwardly-directed lamellae, whose broad summits nearly equal their interstices. The lamellae are smooth and glossy, but the interstices are distantly spirally striated.
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The sculpture consists of spiral series of closely set rounded granules, the series or cinguli a little separated on the upper surface, closer beneath. These number 17 or 18 upon the body whorl, the 7th being upon the periphery, just as in Clanculus clanguloides. The interstices between lirae are finely obliquely and spirally striate, the spiral striae often a little difficult to distinguish. This gives the interstices at times a granulate appearance under the lens.
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Yellow-wort grows from ten to fifty centimetres (four to twenty inches), tall with stiff, branching stems. The leaves are glaucous, opposite and entire, the upper ones perfoliate, being united at the base. It bears terminal cymes of bright yellow, stalked flowers, 1–1.5 cm across. The calyx is deeply divided into 6–10 linear lobes or sepals, spirally arranged, free or nearly free from each other at the base and shorter than the corolla.
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A detachment of Co. B operated this exceptionally accurate weapon at Fort Pemberton, Snyder's Bluff and on occasion at Vicksburg. Co. B suffered heavy casualties at Fort Pemberton. At Snyder's Bluff Union Gen. W. T. Sherman warned one of his naval commanders to look out for the Whitworth bolts the Confederates were firing referring to the spirally-grooved hexagonal shaped rounds of which were exclusively Co. B of the Pointe Coupee Artillery.
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The sand collar egg mass of Euspira catena The rounded shell is thin and polished and brownish-yellow, with a row of reddish markings just below the suture of the last whorl. It can grow to about and has a short spire and seven rounded whorls separated with distinct sutures. The lowest whorl occupies about 90% of the volume. It has a large umbilicus and the operculum is ear-shaped and spirally wound.
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It is possible that they now outnumber harbour seals off the Norfolk coast. Seal-watching boat trips run from Blakeney and Morston harbours, giving good views without disturbing the seals. The corpses of 24 female or juvenile harbour seals were found in the Blakeney area between March 2009 and August 2010, each with spirally cut wounds consistent with the animal having been drawn through a ducted propeller.Thompson et al (2010) pp. 1–4.
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It is yellow when young but ages to a deep olive- brown color. Microscopically, B. ananas is distinguished by large spores with cross striae on the ridges and spirally encrusted hyphae in the marginal appendiculae and flesh of the stem. Previously known as Boletus ananas and Boletus coccinea (among other synonyms), the species was given its current name by William Alphonso Murrill in 1909. Two varieties of Boletellus ananas have been described.
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Arctostaphylos (;Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607 from "bear" and "bunch of grapes") is a genus of plants comprising the manzanitas () and bearberries. They are shrubs or small trees. There are about 60 species of Arctostaphylos, ranging from ground-hugging arctic, coastal, and mountain species to small trees up to 6 m tall. Most are evergreen (one species deciduous), with small oval leaves 1–7 cm long, arranged spirally on the stems.
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The about 6 whorls are subplanulate, but with a slightly salient central carina above. They are spirally finely granose-lirate, the lirae narrow, close, about 8 to 12 in number on the upper surface of the body whorl, the 5th forming a slightly projecting carina. The base is finely lirate, the lirae granose, about 15, subequal, or sometimes alternately smaller with the radiately striate interstices. The aperture is rather large and subrhomboidal.
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Its body is spirally coiled and darkly coloured (due to eel blood inside the nematode's intestine). It is fusiform, tapering to both ends; anterior end of the body is bottle-shaped, while the posterior end is narrowed and conical. The epicuticle is finely wrinkled, with a network structure, forming an irregular fine transparent coating. The cuticle of the anterior and posterior parts of its body bear several papilla-like excrescences of a fibrous structured.
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Kalmiopsis leachiana is an evergreen shrub growing to tall, with erect stems bearing spirally arranged simple leaves 2–3 cm long and 1 cm broad. The flowers are pink-purple, in racemes of 6-9 together, reminiscent of small Rhododendron flowers but flatter, with a star-like calyx of five conjoined petals; each flower is 1.5–2 cm diameter. The fruit is a five-lobed capsule, which splits to release the numerous small seeds.
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Some specimens are smooth, others rough and others have frilled lamellae (angular plates). Some of these features may be as a result of abrasion and wave action, and when present, the spiral sculpture takes the form of one or two ridges per whorl, the whorls being flattened near their joints making them appear to be angled. This snail can be white, grey, brown or orange, occasionally purplish, and is sometimes spirally banded.
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Diocirea violacea is a shrub with many stems and which sometimes grows to a height of and spreads to a width of about . Its branches often have many short hairs and glands producing a resin that dries white. The leaves are arranged spirally around the stems and are mostly long, about wide, glabrous and sticky due to the presence of resin. The flowers are borne singly in leaf axils and lack a stalk.
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The columellar margin contains a callus. The colour of the shell is a pale carnation or flesh-colour in hue. Inside the aperture there is a deeper shade of the same colour, painted with fillets spirally or ochre-brown beaded with white.J.C. Melvill, Descriptions of Thirty-four Species of Marine Mollusca from the Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman; Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society v.
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In cultivation, it is often provided with more sunlight so that the fall colors are more vivid. It is a subshrub, reaching (rarely ) in height, with stems up to diameter. The leaves are spirally arranged, long, each divided into 5 toothed leaflets, and flowers emerge only from the upper portion of the unbranched stem. The flowers are produced in broad panicles long, each flower small, star-shaped, reddish brown to purple brown, with five petals.
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The lip is edged inside by black, or black and white. The columella is arcuate, produced above in a heavy porcellanous callous deposit, half-surrounding the umbilicus and deeply notched in the middle. The shell of Cittarium pica presents a rather wide umbilicus, which is deep and devoid of sculpture, but spirally bicostate inside. The semicircular, oblique aperture is distinguishably nacreous inside as is the case in other Trochoidea, and is circular.
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A band a little deeper colored covers the body of the body whorl, the base of which is furnished with pretty distinct transverse striae or furrows, five or six in number. The white aperture is ovate, terminated above by a sort of canal, indicated by a transverse ridge upon the left lip. The outer lip is thick, slightly denticulated towards the base, and deeply striated within. The columella is arcuated, the base spirally folded.
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The five whorls have a strong shoulder and basal angulations. They contain two prominent rounded keels, one next the suture; slightly concave between the suture and upper keel, and a little concave between the keels, The whorls are finely spirally ridged and decussated with exceedingly fine and close oblique longitudinal lines. The sculpture of the shell shows microscopic spiral threads. The convex base of the shell is reticulated with gray and minutely spotted with red.
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P. Eötvös, D. von Biel, G. Rodens, W. Fromme, H. Albrecht; second row, second from left: H.-A. Billig; far right: C. Caskel. Also in the photograph, but who was not involved in the Expo 70 performances of Spiral, standing at the left, next to the composer, is the sound engineer Volker Müller Spiral (Spiral [adj.], Spirally), for a soloist with a shortwave receiver, is a composition by Karlheinz Stockhausen, written in 1968.
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Ribbonwood trees grow naturally in their wet tropical rainforest habitats as evergreens up to about tall and about in diameter at breast height (DBH). The simple leaves grow singly, in pairs or in whorls of 3–4, each one measuring about long and wide. The flowers measure in diameter, with all floral organs spirally arranged . The tepals are initially creamy white when the flower opens, then turn red as the flower ages.
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Tuctoria species have their spikelets spirally arranged on the axis; lemmas are entire (with a smooth, even margin) or denticulate (finely toothed), and often have a centrally placed short, sharp tip (mucro). The inflorescence is not cylindrical (as in Neostapfia), and the spikelets are laterally flattened. The lemmas are narrower, the tip is mucronate or otherwise entire or denticulate. The caryopsis is not sticky, and the brown embryo is visible throughout the light-colored pericarp.
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The periphery of the body whorl is marked by a groove similar to those above. The base of the shell is rather short and moderately rounded. It is marked by five subequal and subequally spaced spiral grooves which are a little weaker than those on the spire. The entire surface of the shell is marked by slender lines of growth, and the raised spaces between the spiral grooves are finely spirally striated.
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Eucalyptus delicata is a tree, rarely a mallee and typically grows to a height of and forms a lignotuber. It has rough fibrous to scaly grey bark on the lower half and a smooth grey-copper colour above. Young plants and coppice regrowth have linear to narrow lance-shaped, more or less sessile leaves arranged spirally along the stem. Adult leaves are arranged alternately, glossy green long and wide on a petiole long.
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The leaves are spirally arranged, ovate-elliptic, 16–45 cm long and 6–15 cm broad, with a sharply serrated margin. The flowers are catkins, the female flowers maturing into broad acorns 2–3 cm long and 3–4 cm broad, set in a deep cupule with concentric rings of woody scales.Flora of China: Cyclobalanopsis lamellosaSmith, James Edward in Rees, Abraham 1819. The cyclopædia; or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature.
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They are arranged spirally or alternately along the stem. Each is up to 10 or 12 centimeters long and are dark green or grayish on top, pale green or whitish underneath and are covered in downy hairs. Xanthium spinosum flowers between summer and late fall, typically from July to October in the northern hemisphere. The plant produces male and female flower heads that are monoecious and form greenish axillary or solitary inflorescence clusters.
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The inflorescences are panicles axillary or terminal erect with numerous flowers hermaphrodite with numerous ovate-oblong sepals of pinkish white color and spirally imbricated and 6 oblong petals of 4 by 2.5 mm, white, patent at the beginning. The flowers are white, borne in early summer in conical clusters held well above the foliage. The fruit is a bright red berry 5–10 mm diameter, ripening in late autumn and often persisting through the winter.
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The shells of most species of sea snails are spirally coiled. Some, though, have conical shells, and these are often referred to by the common name of limpets. In one unusual family (Juliidae), the shell of the snail has become two hinged plates closely resembling those of a bivalve; this family is sometimes called the "bivalved gastropods". Their shells are found in a variety of shapes and sizes, but are normally very small.
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Taxaceae (), commonly called the yew family, is a coniferous family which includes six extant and two extinct genera, and about 30 species of plants, or in older interpretations three genera and 7 to 12 species. They are many- branched, small trees and shrubs. The leaves are evergreen, spirally arranged, often twisted at the base to appear 2-ranked. They are linear to lanceolate, and have pale green or white stomatal bands on the undersides.
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The outer lip, terminated by a scolloped dilatation, is traversed by a canal of no great depth. The inner lip is white, thin, applied to the body of the body whorl and forms a part of the umbilicus. The columella is twisted spirally. The coloring of the exterior is whitish, varied with red, and covered, upon the transverse ribs, with irregular spots which sometimes form longitudinal or zigzag bands of a deeper color.
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Leaves with pinnae arranged in a single plane per side of the leaf in Buenos Aires, Argentina. There are 11 to 31 pinnate leaves arranged spirally around the crown of the trunk. The 40–130 cm long petiole of the leaf has margins armed in stiff teeth which may grow up to 4 cm in length, as well as fibres along the margins. The leaf has a rachis that is 163–200 cm in length.
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The oxygen passes through the tracheae to the tracheoles, and enters the body by the process of diffusion. Carbon dioxide leaves the body by the same process. The major tracheae are thickened spirally like a flexible vacuum hose to prevent them from collapsing and often swell into air sacs. Larger insects can augment the flow of air through their tracheal system, with body movement and rhythmic flattening of the tracheal air sacs.
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Washington DCSolitary oak, the Netherlands Oak: male flowers The leaves of a young oak Oaks have spirally arranged leaves, with lobate margins in many species; some have serrated leaves or entire leaves with smooth margins. Many deciduous species are marcescent, not dropping dead leaves until spring. In spring, a single oak tree produces both male flowers (in the form of catkins) and small female flowers,Conrad, Jim. "Oak Flowers" . backyardnature.com. 2011-12-12.
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This mouse hibernates in winter, seeking out a natural crack or the burrow of another animal, in a dry location such as on an embankment or in a bushy place. Other sites chosen can be in a hollow tree, in a tree stump or fallen log, or in a gap under a rock. During the hibernation period, which may last from October to May, the tail is wrapped spirally around the animal's body.
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In terms of reproduction, many caenogastropod land snails (e.g., diplommatinids) are dioecious, but pulmonate land snails are hermaphrodites (they have a full set of organs of both sexes) and most lay clutches of eggs in the soil. Tiny snails hatch out of the egg with a small shell in place, and the shell grows spirally as the soft parts gradually increase in size. Most land snails have shells that are right-handed in their coiling.
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The suture is appressed. The axial sculpture consists on the earlier whorls of about 18 protractively oblique rounded ribs, slightly angulate at the shoulder, feeble on the fasciole and crossing the whorls except on the body whorl where they gradually become obsolete. The whole surface is spirally sculptured with fine close-set threads, here and there one a little more prominent than the rest, others near the siphonal canal coarser. The anal sulcus is wide and shallow.
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The size of an adult shell varies between 6 mm and 8 mm. (Original description) The small, slender shell is thin, waxen white, with a narrow purple brown band in front of the suture in the later whorls. The columella and the siphonal canal are more or less similarly tinted. The protoconch is very small, rather blunt, with the latter part spirally threaded, of about one and a half whorls, followed by about six subsequent whorls.
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The length of the shell attains 11 mm, its diameter 5 mm. (Original description) The small shell is solid and grayish (this shell, being somewhat bleached, is probably of a darker color when fresh). It contains six whorls exclusive of the (lost) protoconch. The suture is strongly appressed, obscure with a thread-like edge in front of which is a narrow spirally striated space bordered in front by a larger cord forming the posterior margin of the anal fasciole.
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The lower whorls are suturally impressed just below the sutures, at the summit of each whorl, once spirally acutely keeled, the remaining portion being rather ventricose, longitudinally obliquely multicostate, crossed by, on the four penultimate whorls, three to five spiral revolving lines, gemmulate at the several points of junction with the ribs. The gemmules are shining, often pale. The body whorl possesses fourteen such lirae, with over twenty closely grained ribs. The aperture is narrow and oblong.
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Adenium boehmianum, the Bushman poison, is a poisonous succulent endemic to the mostly dry regions of northern Namibia and southern Angola. The San people boil the root sap and latex to prepare arrow poison, which is sufficient for hunting large mammals, as it contains strong cardiotoxic effects. The leaves, borne only for three months a year, are arranged spirally and are clustered near the branch tips. A plant will flower for only a few weeks in winter.
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The rest concavely slope above, then are obtusely angled about the middle, rounded, and much contracted beneath, obliquely plicated and spirally lirated. The plicae are rounded, oblique, but little elevated, more or less obsolete at the upper part. The transverse lirae are most beautifully and finely granulated. They are separated by deep-cut striae of different sizes, those in the concavity of the whorls subequal and finer than those beneath, which, again, are not all of uniform tenuity.
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The length of the shell attains 1.3 mm, its diameter 0.7 mm. (Original description) The very minute, yellowish shell contains 3½ whorls, including a 1½ whorled protoconch, which is large, rounded, and spirally lirate. The two adult whorls are strongly angled at the periphery, from whence to the suture they are flat or concave. The sculpture consists of sharp, narrow, axial ribs, about twelve on the body whorl, which extend from suture to suture, and pass into the aperture.
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The leaves are arranged spirally and are pinnate, with one pair of ovate or elliptical leaflets, each up to in length. The inflorescence is a terminal or axillary panicle with thick stems clad in red hairs. The flowers are small, whitish and fragrant, with four sepals, no petals, ten stamens and a superior ovary. They are followed by slightly-flattened, leathery pods up to long containing one or two large, kidney-shaped seeds with orange-red arils.
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The whole base is covered with rather regular, riblike striae and very fine microscopic ones, visible also on the upper part of the shell. The large umbilicus occupies from the base of the columella to the opposite side, about 2/5 of the diameter of the shell It is funnel-shaped, and pervious. Its wall is spirally striate, with a single, spiral, beaded rib and radiating plicae. The thin aperture is rhombic, probably not quite developed.
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The protoconch contains 3 whorls, the first being almost smooth and the others decussated by arcuate riblets. The remaining whorls are sculptured spirally by numerous flat, broad riblets, which (under a lens) are seen to be about twice as wide as their interstices, and to be crossed by lines of growth, which give them a roughened or scabrous appearance. The body whorl is large. The aperture is somewhat squared at the base, and has no noticeable sinus.
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The color pattern of the first whorl is white the remainder brownish-red, streaked with white, ornamented with a zone of chestnut interrupted with white above. They are spirally lirate, and elegantly clathrate with lamellose radiating striae. There are four spiral cinguli on the penultimate whorl. The convex body whorl is elongated, with a zone of white and chestnut spots at the periphery, convex beneath, whitish or maculate with chestnut, clathrate, with about 4 concentric lirae.
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Afrocarpus gracilior cone and foliage. Afrocarpus gracilior is a medium-sized tree, growing 20–40 m tall, rarely to 50 m, with a trunk diameter of 50–80 cm. The leaves are spirally arranged, lanceolate, 2–6 cm long and 3–5 mm broad on mature trees, larger, to long and 6 mm broad on vigorous young trees. The seed cones are highly modified, with a single diameter seed with a thin fleshy coating borne on a short peduncle.
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Afrocarpus mannii is an evergreen coniferous tree native to the Afromontane forests of São Tomé Island in the Gulf of Guinea, growing at altitudes of 1,300 m up to the summit at 2,024 m. It was formerly classified as Podocarpus mannii. It is a small tree, growing 10–15 m tall. The leaves are spirally arranged, lanceolate, 6–8 cm long on mature trees, larger, to 15 cm long and 2 cm broad, on vigorous young trees.
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It is a deciduous shrub growing to 2–3 m tall. The leaves are spirally arranged, oval-elliptic, 3–7 cm long, with an acute apex and a serrated margin; they are green on both sides, without the white felting found on most whitebeams. The flowers are pink, with five forward-pointing petals 5–7 mm long; they are produced in corymbs 3–4 cm diameter. The fruit is an oval red pome 10–13 mm diameter.
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The sculpture consists of slightly curved obliquely longitudinal ribs, 11 on the body whorl, the last one, behind the lip, much larger. These are crossed by spaced spiral threads, with, smaller threads between them, the intervals still more finely striate spirally. The shell contains 5 whorls (the embryonic ones broken off), strongly angular near the middle, flattened and sloping above the angle, contracting below it. The body whorl is similarly angular, convex below the angle, contracted near the base.
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The thin shell of this species has the shape of an almost symmetrical cone (like a Chinese hat or conical Asian hat), 7 mm high and 15 – 21 mm wide. The internal partition has a spirally curved edge which runs running from the apex to the margin of the shell, and partly covers the aperture. The presence of this internal shelf distinguishes this species easily from the true limpets. The aperture is round and adapted to the substrate.
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Those on the upper surface show a fine spiral thread in the interstices, which are of about the same width as the riblets. The cinguli on the outer side of the base are finer and closer together. On the inner side 3 broad slightly crenulated ribs surround the umbilicus, which is also prominently spirally ribbed. The 2 cinguli below the suture are crossed and beaded by strong and sharp equidistant radiate riblets, dividing the interstices into regular squares.
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In this method, the mud layers are placed spirally with each lift of about 0.5 m. Each lift is allowed to dry before the next one is added. The walls are thicker at the base, gradually thinning out toward the top, thereby contributing to the structure's stability. The relief lines are created as the construction proceeds upward in the "V" shape or with straight line grooves to facilitate quick and easy draining of water when it rains.
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The roots are either fibrous or form tubers. Leaves form sheaths at their bases that surround the stem, much like the leaves of grasses, except that the sheaths are closed and do not have a ligule. The leaves alternate up the stem and may be two-ranked or spirally arranged. The leaf blades are simple and entire (that is, they lack any teeth or lobes), they sometimes narrow at the base, and they are often succulent.
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The aperture is roundish oval with a conspicuous operculum is thick and has a white calcareous surface. The colour pattern of the shiny shell is very variable and goes from cream to white with pink or purple-brown spots spirally distributed in zigzag or flamed patterns.Peter Hayward et al., The Sea Shore of Britain & Europe, Collins Pocket Guides, HarperCollins Publishers, 1996, (in Dutch) R.H. De Bruyne, Geïllustreerde Schelpenencyclopedie, Rebo Productions, 2003 The adults are gonochoristic, i.e.
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The diameter of the operculum is about 13 mm. Otukaia kiheiziebisu is very similar to Calliostoma kounjiana Yokoyama in general outline, and in sculpture on the surface, but it differs from Calliostoma kounjiana in having the spirally sculptured base and the beaded spiral keels, while Calliostoma kounjiana is quite smooth both on spiral keel and the base. Any other species reported from the northern Pacific has much thicker shell and more complicated sculptures than Otukaia kiheiziebisu.
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It is mottled near the periphery with whitish fiammules. The white nucleus is translucent and tilted obliquely. The sculpture on the subsequent four or five whorls, of five (5) granular, spiral ridges, separated only by narrow incised lines, with a more conspicuous ridge just above the suture. Subsequently, the ridges become flattened, wider and more or less spirally striate on their tops, while the original five incised lines retain a darker color than the rest of the surface.
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It blooms, usually prolifically, between July and November producing spherical flower-heads with a diameter of containg 8 to 20 golden coloured flowers. After flowering glaborous, crustaceous seed pods form that are circinnate to spirally coiled or irregularly twisted. The pods have a width of with longitudinally arranged seeds inside. The shiny dark brown seeds have an oblong shape and a length of with a clavate aril that can be half as long as the seed.
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Vaccinium virgatum is a deciduous shrub growing to 3 to 6 feet tall and with up to a 3-foot spread. The leaves are spirally arranged, oblate to narrow elliptic, 3 inches long and start out red-bronze in the spring only to develop into a dark-green. The flowers are white, bell- shaped, 5 mm long. The fruit is a berry 5 mm diameter, dark blue to black, bloomed pale blue-gray by a thin wax coating.
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Three years later Rodrigues synonymised the genus Syagrus with Cocos (it was resurrected in 1916 by Beccari). It is quite similar to Syagrus romanzoffiana, but differs by being smaller, with smaller leaves and inflorescence, but with much larger fruit and female flowers. Unlike the spiral placement of the racemes (branches) of the inflorescence in S. romanzoffiana, S. macrocarpa has its racemes unilaterally arranged. S. cocoides also is similar, but has smaller fruit and spirally placed racemes in the inflorescence.
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The genus Apororhynchus consists of ectoparasitic worms that attach themselves beneath the skin and around the anus of birds. The distinguishing features of this order among acanthocephalans are a highly enlarged proboscis with limited motility and a reduced size of the hooks (or spines). Apororhynchus species have short conical trunks and a reduced or absent neck. The proboscis is large and globular with numerous deeply set spirally arranged rootless hooks usually not reaching the surface, or with no hooks.
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It has a triangular, 0.6–1 cm long ovary, an oblong stigma (half the size of the falls,) and 1.5 cm long, triangular crested, style branch. After the iris has flowered, it produces an ovoid seed capsule. The capsule is 1–2 cm long, with ridged angles and triangular in cross-section. Inside the capsule, are ellipsoid, yellowish-brown seeds that are 3.2–3.5 mm across and have a white appendage that spirally wraps around the seed.
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Gutta-percha tree Palaquium gutta trees are tall and up to in trunk diameter. The leaves are evergreen, alternate or spirally arranged, simple, entire, long, glossy green above, and often yellow or glaucous below. The flowers are produced in small clusters along the stems, each flower with a white corolla with four to seven (mostly six) acute lobes. The fruit is an ovoid berry, containing one to four seeds; in many species, the fruit is edible.
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Astroloba smutsiana in habitat In appearance it is superficially very similar to Astroloba spiralis, with its sharp, spirally-arranged leaves. However the perianth of spiralis is both inflated and strongly transversely rugose. A. smutsiana is also a smaller plant and has leaves that are sometimes striped with longitudinal streaks near the tips. It can be distinguished from its northern relative, Astroloba hallii, by its sharply pointed leaves, with properly marginate apices and absence of tubercles or striation.
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The shells of species in this genus are moderately large to very large, range size from 14 mm (Bullata largillieri, smallest species of Bullata) to 97.9 mm (largest specimen known of Bullata bullata). (pl I) The shell color is a yellowish-orange to orange- or pinkish-brown, spirally banded (pl II) or with white spots (pl III). The lip is pink, yellow, or orange, darker than shell color (pl IV). The shell surface is smooth and glossy.
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Possible biomedical-oriented applications of this technique are related to the study of the myelin and myelopathies. Myelin is a highly ordered structure, in which many lipid- enriched, densely compacted phospholipid bilayers are spirally rolled up around the cylindrical axons. The linear acyl chains of the phospholipid molecules present a perpendicular orientation with respect to the myelin surface. Therefore, in a myelinated nerve fiber, a large number of molecular bonds are ordered around a radial axis of symmetry.
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The rest of the whorls (7 to 8 in all) are traversed spirally by three strong cords, the central one narrowest, all closely beaded by the decussation of close, regular, elevated lamellae of increment, which sharply sculpture the interstices. Two lamellae arise from each bead of the superior spiral cord. The sutures are very deeply, narrowly channelled. The body whorl is angled at the periphery, and bears 7 concentric lirae on the base, the inner ones smaller.
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They are large shrubs or trees, reaching 5–20 m tall (to 40 m in W. whytei). The leaves are evergreen and scale-like, except on seedlings, which have needle-like leaves 1-1.5 cm long. The adult scale leaves are arranged in decussate opposite pairs in four rows along the twigs, while the juvenile needle leaves are arranged spirally. The male cones are small, 3–6 mm long, and are located at the tips of the twigs.
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They are spirally arranged on the stem. The growth of new tissue occurs when a whole section of the branch undergoes budding and becomes covered with leaves. The figs are ramiflorous, that is they grow on the branches, in groups of one to three. There is a high variation in color between trees and seasons; mature figs are whitish pink to dark purple, and are bulbous in shape and measure 0.5 to 0.8 cm (0.2–0.3 in) in diameter.
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The stems are several mm to several cm in diameter and several cm to several metres long, erect or arched, dichotomizing occasionally, furnished with true roots at the base.Hueber 1992, p. 491 (Baragwanathia) and 492 (Drepanophycus) Vascular bundle an exarch actinostele, tracheids of primitive annular or helical type (so-called G-type). Leaves are unbranched microphylls several mm to 2 cm or more long with a single prominent vascular thread, arranged spirally to randomly on the stem.
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The inferior ovary is located well below ground-level where the developing fruit or berry is hidden until its growth forces it into view. Emergence of the fruit is followed almost immediately by the first leaves. The ripe fruit falls over and sheds its short-lived seeds, ready to take advantage of the winter rains. The genus is easily identified by its spirally twisted grey-green, strap-like leaves which develop during the winter months (May - August).
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The length of the shell attains 16.5 mm, its diameter 4.5 mm. (Original description) The slender shell has a fusiform shape. It is whitish, banded with brown between the ribs; zones two in number on the upper whorl—one a little below the upper suture, and the other at the base. The shell contains 10 whorls, the two first smooth, convex, the rest somewhat excavated above, obtusely angled at the middle, obliquely costate and spirally striated.
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Single helix earth anchors Guyed mast anchor An earth anchor is a device designed to support structures, most commonly used in geotechnical and construction applications. Also known as a ground anchor, percussion driven earth anchor or mechanical anchor, it may be impact driven into the ground or run in spirally, depending on its design and intended force-resistance characteristics. Earth anchors are used in both temporary or permanent applications, including supporting retaining walls, guyed masts, and circus tents.
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Two shells of Papillifera bidens, scale bar is in mm. These shells have 10 or 11 whorls and thus a very long suture, with an unusual sculpture of regularly placed papules along the suture itself. Nearly all snail shells (except for the shells of limpets, abalone, sea hares, etc.) can be visualized as a tube of increasing diameter, closed at the small end, and spirally wrapped around a central axis. For more information, see Gastropod shell.
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Exceptional taxa include Dichorisandra, characterized by the unusual combination of a vining habit, poricidal anthers, and arillate seeds. Cochliostema is atypical in having an epiphytic habit and flowers with spirally-coiled anthers concealed in petaloid extensions of the filament. Geogenanthus is distinguished by a particular 6-celled stomatal complex and basal axillary inflorescences. Plowmanianthus consists of prostrate herbs shallowly rooted in the leaf-litter layer of rainforest floors, and the flowers of most Plowmanianthus species are primarily cleistogamous.
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The length of the shell attains 4.6 mm, its diameter 2.4 mm. (Original description) The thin, oval, white shell consists of four whorls besides a brown protoconch of 2 whorls, which are convex, apparently smooth, but under the microscope very finely spirally lirate and interstitially punctate. The spire-whorls are convex medially sharply angulate with a cord, base contracted, and forming a moderately long siphonal canal, which is slightly curved to the left. The sutures are distinct and finely canaliculate.
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The length of the shell attains 16 mm; its diameter 5 mm. (Original description) The slender, white, acute shell has seven or eight moderately convex whorls separated by a very distinct suture. The protoconch is swollen, twisted, consists of two whorls, the second spirally threaded. On about three of the subsequent whorls these threads are developed into two or three major cords between the periphery and the suture, becoming on later whorls obsolete, or this sculpture in other specimens may be obsolete.
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Melaleuca cordata is an erect, bushy shrub which grows to a height of between with dark grey, fibrous bark. Its leaves are egg-shaped to heart-shaped, between long and wide with a very short, or no stalk. They are glabrous when mature, spirally arranged around the stem with 5 to 9 veins and have a pointed end. The flowers are deep pink to purplish-red, forming roughly spherical heads of flowers, thickly clustered on or near the ends of the stems.
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The underside of leaves is velvety white due to stellate hairs, contrasting with the bright green and glabrous upper surface. The thinly leathery leaves are simple, alternate, and spirally arranged on the twigs. The lamina is 8–25 cm long x 6.5–20 cm broad, and variable in shape from young saplings to large trees, ranging from more or less circular to deltoid or broadly egg-shaped. The leaf apex is acuminate, and the base truncate, nearly heart-shaped or round.
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Beyeria viscosa is a pyramidal shrub growing to tall rarely a small tree to tall. Leaves are spirally arranged, oblong to oblanceolate from 2–5 cm long by 5–15 mm wide tapering towards the petiole with flat or with slightly recurved margins. The upper leaf surface is glabrous and often viscid were by the lower surface is somewhat lighter. Male flowers are cream-yellow and clustered in groups of 2 or 3 with 4 mm long sepals and numerous short stamens.
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Ficus sycomorus grows to 20 m tall and has a considerable spread as can be seen from the photograph below left, with a dense round crown of spreading branches. The leaves are heart-shaped with a round apex, 14 cm long by 10 cm wide, and arranged spirally around the twig. They are dark green above and lighter with prominent yellow veins below, and both surfaces are rough to the touch. The petiole is 0.5–3 cm long and pubescent.
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The leaves are flattened to slightly angular and range from 5–35 mm long and 1–3 mm broad. They are borne singly and are arranged spirally on the stem; the leaf bases are twisted so the leaves lie flat either side of the stem or more rarely radially. Towards the base, the leaves narrow abruptly to a petiole set on a forward-angled pulvinus. The petiole is twisted at the base so it is almost parallel with the stem.
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B. daphneae has a pink-colored cylindrical body capable of reaching a metre across, with long, thin, whitish tentacles up to two meters in length. The body is divided into 24 septa. The muscles of the mesenteries are less developed. The spirocysts, which are stinging cells in which the stinging tube is spirally rolled up and which are covered with adhesive threads instead of spines, are significantly larger than those of any other deep-sea species and among the largest of all cnidarians.
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Ti is a palm-like plant growing up to tall with an attractive fan-like and spirally arranged cluster of broadly elongated leaves at the tip of the slender trunk. It has numerous color variations, ranging from plants with red leaves to green and variegated forms. It is a woody plant with leaves (rarely ) long and wide at the top of a woody stem. It produces long panicles of small scented yellowish to red flowers that mature into red berries.
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The simple inflorescences occur in groups of two to four in the axils and has cylindrical shaped flower-spikes with a length of with loosely packed cream to pale yellow to lemon yellow coloured flowers. The resinous and crustose seed pods that form after flowering have a narrowly oblong shape and can be flat or spirally twisted one to three times. The pods have a length of and a width of with transverse obscure nerves. The seeds inside are arranged transversely.
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They are medium-size trees, tall at maturity. The leaves are simple, lanceolate to broad lanceolate, varying with species from long and broad, and arranged spirally or alternately on the stems. The flowers are in short panicles, with six small greenish-yellow perianth segments long, nine stamens and an ovary with a single embryo. The fruit is an oval or pear-shaped berry, with a fleshy outer covering surrounding the single seed; size is very variable between the species, from in e.g.
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The short rachis usually bears few rachillae, spirally arranged, each subtended by a small bract. The staminate flowers are asymmetrical and borne in triads with three distinct, valvate sepals and three thick petals. There are around 60 stamens with very short filaments, the elongated, basifixed anthers carry triangle shaped pollen with reticulate, tectate exine. The pistillate flowers become larger than the male's, the three sepals have rounded sides and pointed tips and the petals are asymmetrical with thick valvate tips.
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It is a climbing herbaceous plant growing to 2–4 m tall, with stems that twine anticlockwise. The leaves are spirally arranged, heart-shaped, up to 10 cm long and 8 cm broad, with a petiole up to 5 cm long. It is dioecious, with separate male and female plants. The flowers are individually inconspicuous, greenish-yellow, 3–6 mm diameter, with six petals; the male flowers produced in slender 5–10 cm racemes, the female flowers in shorter clusters.
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This dogwinkle has a robust shell with three indistinct whorls. It can be in length, but a more typical length is or less; the aperture is less than half the diameter of the shell and can be closed by a brown, horny operculum. The exterior of the shell is spirally ridged, often with heavy ridges alternating with more delicate ones. The heavy ridges may bear coarse nodules, but in more exposed locations these, and the ridges themselves, may be partially smoothed.
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Ipomoea tricolor, the Mexican morning glory or just morning glory, is a species of flowering plant in the family Convolvulaceae, native to the New World tropics, and widely cultivated and naturalised elsewhere. It is an herbaceous annual or perennial twining liana growing to tall. The leaves are spirally arranged, 3–7 cm (1" to 3") long with a 1.5–6 cm (½" to 2") long petiole. The flowers are trumpet-shaped, in diameter, most commonly blue with a white to golden yellow centre.
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Sculpture: the third, fourth and fifth whorls carry distinct spiral grooves latticed by oblique threads, which do not cross the intervening ridges. On the latter whorls this sculpture gradually fades away, leaving the body whorl smooth and polished. Around the axis on the base run four profound spiral grooves, the outer deepest, separated by smooth, prominent, narrow cords. The narrow umbilicus is bounded by a tuberculate rib, within which it is excavate, and spirally ascends the full height of the shell's interior.
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The about 7 whorls are concave below the sutures, convex and swollen at the periphery and on the lower edge of each whorl of the spire. The whole surface is finely spirally lirate, the lirae about as wide as the interstices, which are delicately obliquely striate. The aperture is oval-quadrate, iridescent within and measures less than half the length of shell. The peristome is edged by a row of crimson dots, with a porcellaneous internal thickening which is iinely crenulate.
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It is an evergreen shrub growing to tall, with stout, sparsely branched stems. The leaves are spirally-arranged, large, in width and on a petiole up to long, leathery, palmately lobed, with 7–9 broad lobes, divided to half or two-thirds of the way to the base of the leaf; the lobes are edged with coarse, blunt teeth. The flowers are small, white, borne in dense terminal compound umbels in late autumn or early winter, followed by small black fruit in spring.
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The inflorescences occur singly with spherical flower-heads containing five to nine loosely packed yellow to white coloured flowers that dry to an orange colour. The woody brown seed pods that form after flowering have a linear shape but can be spirally twisted when young. The pods have a length of around and a width of to 11 cm long, 5–6 mm wide, coriaceous-crustaceous to subwoody, glabrous; margins thick and contain glossy dark brown seeds with an oblong to elliptic shape.
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Close-up of a World War I era United States Army infantryman's puttees. A puttee, also spelled puttie, is the name, adapted from the Hindi paṭṭī, bandage (Skt. paṭṭa, strip of cloth), for a covering for the lower part of the leg from the ankle to the knee, alternatively known as: legwraps, leg bindings, winingas, or wickelbander. They consist of a long narrow piece of cloth wound tightly, and spirally round the leg, and serving to provide both support and protection.
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The leaves of Aiphanes species are usually pinnately divided—rows of leaflets emerge on either side of the axis of the leaf in a feather-like or fern-like pattern. The sole exception to this is A. macroloba which has entire leaves. They are usually spirally arranged, but some species have a distichous leaf arrangement, a condition that is normal in palm seedlings but uncommon among adults. Old leaf bases detach cleanly from the stem, except in A. hirsuta subsp.
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About a quarter of the length was inside the sockets. The tusks grew spirally in opposite directions from the base and continued in a curve until the tips pointed towards each other, sometimes crossing. In this way, most of the weight would have been close to the skull, and less torque would occur than with straight tusks. The tusks were usually asymmetrical and showed considerable variation, with some tusks curving down instead of outwards and some being shorter due to breakage.
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Dillwynia retorta is a small, upright shrub to high, with stems covered in short, erect, soft hairs or soft, weak, thin, separated hairs. The leaves are narrowly oblong to linear, about long, spirally twisted, needle-like, smooth or minutely warty, tapering at the apex and sometimes curved. The inflorescence are in terminal clusters in leaf axils of up to 9 flowers on a peduncle long. The bracts are mostly below the flowers, long, calyx long, smooth externally or often with tiny hairs.
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These mature into fruit (sunflower "seeds"). The disk flowers are arranged spirally. Generally, each floret is oriented toward the next by approximately the golden angle, 137.5°, producing a pattern of interconnecting spirals, where the number of left spirals and the number of right spirals are successive Fibonacci numbers. Typically, there are 34 spirals in one direction and 55 in the other; however, in a very large sunflower head there could be 89 in one direction and 144 in the other.
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Calystegia (bindweed, false bindweed, or morning glory) is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the bindweed family Convolvulaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution in temperate and subtropical regions, but with half of the species endemic to California. They are annual or herbaceous perennial twining vines growing 1–5 m tall, with spirally arranged leaves. The flowers are trumpet-shaped, 3–10 cm diameter, white or pink, with (in most species) a sometimes inflated basal epicalyx.
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Flowerhead Notobasis syriaca, the Syrian thistle, is a species in the thistle tribe within the Asteraceae. It is native to the Mediterranean region and the Middle East, from Madeira, the Canary Islands, Morocco and Portugal east to Egypt, Iran and Azerbaijan. It is an annual plant belonging to the semi-desert flora, growing to 30–100 cm tall. The leaves are spirally arranged on the stems, deeply lobed, grey-green with white veins, and sharp spines on the margins and apex.
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The periphery is formed of a squamose keel which is spirally irregularly striated. it ascends the spire above the sutural furrow, and between it and the suture there is a series of very small white granules. Of the row of granules upon the lower half of the body whorl, the third from the periphery is a little larger than the first and second and much larger than those below. Both above and below this third row a few spiral elevated lines are noticeable.
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The length of the shell varies between 8 mm and 18 mm. (Original description) The appearance of the shell recalls Pyrgospira ostrearum (Stearns, 1872), but it is white, more acutely pointed, smaller, with a more gibbous varix in the adult, an umbilical chink on the columella, and a spirally threaded fasciole instead of a smooth one. The shell contains 8 moderately rounded whorls and a smooth protoconch. The sculpture shows 16-18 long transverse ribs extending across the whorls, fasciole and all.
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The fleshy seeds are subglobular to oblong or ellipsoidal, and are red, orange, yellow or rarely white. The endosperm is haploid, derived from the female gametophyte. The embryo is straight, with two cotyledons that are usually united at the tips and a very long, spirally twisted suspensor. The sperm of the genus are large, as is typical of cycads, and Zamia roezlii is an example; its sperm are approximately 0.4 mm long and can be seen by the unaided eye.
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It has alternate compound leaves which are imparipinnate (with a lone terminal leaflet rather than a terminal pair of leaflets) and arranged spirally; the leaves having (2-) 3-4 pairs of leaflets distanced 3–6 cm apart from each other. The leaflets are shaped elliptic-ovalate and are alternate at the base of the leaf (alternipinnate). The leaflets have a rounded base, a cuspidate (pointy) apex, and have a length of 8.9-21.3 cm and a width of 4.9-8.5 cm.
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Each cone has numerous spirally arranged scales, with two seeds on each fertile scale; the scales at the base and tip of the cone are small and sterile, without seeds. The seeds are mostly small and winged, and are anemophilous (wind-dispersed), but some are larger and have only a vestigial wing, and are bird-dispersed (see below). Female cones are woody and sometimes armed to protect developing seeds from foragers. At maturity, the cones usually open to release the seeds.
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Sideroxylon salicifolium, commonly called white bully or willow bustic, is a species of flowering plant native to Florida, the West Indies and Central America. It has also been considered a member of the genus Dipholis, with the binomial Dipholis salicifolia. It is a small tree, 10–20 m tall, with smooth beige bark, spirally arranged leaves and small (1–4 mm) cream-coloured flowers borne in clusters of five to 12. The fruit is a small berry (6–10 mm long) with between one and three seeds.
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The whorls of the teleoconch are convex, slightly angular at some distance from the deep, crenulated suture. The sculpture consists of numerous axial riblets, 32 on penultimate whorl, crossed by numerous spirals, 10 on penultimate whorl, of which the upper one, bordering the suture, is finely crenulated by the upper ends of ribs and finely spirally striated. One of the lirae at the shoulder is the most prominent and makes the whorls angular. The other ones are subequal, with, in many cases, intermediate lirae.
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The columellar lip is patulous and reverted, with a furrow behind it, twisted, with a broad deep sinus above. A strong twisted tooth projects at about two- thirds of its length, below which is a smaller sinus running out into a point at the extreme end of the columella. This point corresponds to the umbilical carina. The umbilicus is more open than large, perpendicular and deep, being only slightly narrowed by the reverted coluimellar lip and by the corresponding ridge which twines spirally round the columellar wall.
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Flower of cashew tree Cashew tree The cashew tree is large and evergreen, growing to tall, with a short, often irregularly shaped trunk. The leaves are spirally arranged, leathery textured, elliptic to obovate, long and broad, with smooth margins. The flowers are produced in a panicle or corymb up to long; each flower is small, pale green at first, then turning reddish, with five slender, acute petals long. The largest cashew tree in the world covers an area around and is located in Natal, Brazil.
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The leaves are soft, 3–8 cm long and 1–2 cm broad, arranged spirally on the stems. The flowers are produced in early spring on the bare stems before the leaves appear. They have a four-lobed pink or light purple (rarely white) perianth 10–15 mm diameter, and are strongly scented. The fruit is a bright red berry 7–12 mm diameter; it is very poisonous for humans, though fruit-eating birds like thrushes are immune and eat them, dispersing the seeds in their droppings.
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A strobilus (plural: strobili) is a structure present on many land plant species consisting of sporangia-bearing structures densely aggregated along a stem. Strobili are often called cones, but some botanists restrict the use of the term cone to the woody seed strobili of conifers. Strobili are characterized by a central axis (anatomically a stem) surrounded by spirally arranged or decussate structures that may be modified leaves or modified stems. Leaves that bear sporangia are called sporophylls, while sporangia- bearing stems are called sporangiophores.
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Bajocian, Clypeus Grit Member, Worgan's Quarry, Gloucestershire, UK. The order Microconchida is a group of small, spirally-coiled, encrusting fossil "worm" tubes from the class Tentaculita found from the Upper Ordovician to the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) around the world. They have lamellar calcitic shells, usually with pseudopunctae or punctae and a bulb-like origin. Many were long misidentified as the polychaete annelid Spirorbis until studies of shell microstructure and formation showed significant differences. All pre- Cretaceous "Spirorbis" fossils are now known to be microconchids.
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The Spirillinata are a group of Foraminifera established by Maslakova, 1990, for spirally wound forms,Morphological classification of Foraminifera- Spirilinata where the Foraminifera are regarded as a phylum. Two subclasses are included, the agglutinated Ammodiscana and the calcareous Spirillinana. Tests of the Spirillinata consist typically of a proloculus followed by an undivided planospirally or trochospirally wound tubular chamber such that the test is either planar or conical. Some however are pseudochambered as the result of constrictions of the test wall or by short septula (incomplete septa).
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12-pounder Whitworth rifle Whitworth also designed a large rifled breech-loading gun with a bore, a projectile and a range of about . The spirally-grooved projectile was patented in 1855. This was rejected by the British Army, who preferred the guns from Armstrong, but was used in the American Civil War. While trying to increase the bursting strength of his gun barrels, Whitworth patented a process called "fluid- compressed steel" for casting steel under pressure and built a new steel works near Manchester.
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The tree can be reaching up to 34 m height and 37 cm in diameter. The wood presents fine texture and yellow-green color, the color of the grain varies from black to olive green. Leaves are alternate, simple, spirally arranged, oval, texture varies from papiracea to chartaceous, with slightly emarginated apex, linear scars caused by prefoliation/vernation. The top of the leaf is shiny and the bottom is covered by indumentum (cream colored, very short) and is also present on the twigs internodes.
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This is one of the largest mud snails in the genus and has a robust shell that can reach nearly long. The width of the body whorl of the spirally coiled shell is about half the total length of the shell and there are about six further whorls of diminishing size. There is a distinctive transverse groove on the lowermost portion of the body whorl. The surface of the shell is sculpted with fine axial ribs and spiral ridges, giving it a basket-like texture.
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The length of the holotype attains (the early whorls lost) 26.5 mm, its diameter 8.3 mm; whorls remaining. (Original description) This species is very similar to Carinodrillia elocata, but it is more slender with a longer anterior canal and a deeper posterior sinus. The anal fasciole and the spaces between the spiral ridges are distinctly striate spirally, with in each interval about 6 striae. There are seven broad, rounded axial folds on the penultimate whorl and on the body whorl, weakening on the anal fasciole.
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Baragwanathia differed from such taxa as Asteroxylon by the presence of vascular tissue in its leaves—Asteroxylon had enations without vascular tissue. The sporangia were borne in the axils of the leaves, which were spirally arranged. By comparison, the closely related genus Drepanophycus of the same period (see Drepanophycaceae for more details) bore its sporangia on the upper surface of specialized leaves known as sporophylls. Baragwanathia varied in size, with stems up to a few cm in diameter and up to a few metres in length.
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The plant stems reach 20 to 60 cm in height, glabrous (smooth) in the upper part and scaly in the lower. The rhizomes are cylindrical, branched and elongated with roots that are long and thin. From the upper third of the stem arise leaves that are a vivid green in colour and arranged spirally and twisted so that their tips are on the side. The flowers are large and showy, the tepals being 4.5–5.5 cm in length, being an intense pink color with a purple centre.
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While it may reach a height of 4–5 m, rarely 6 m in ideal, protected locations, D. reflexa is usually much smaller, especially when grown as a houseplant. It is slow-growing and upright in habit, tending to an oval shape with an open crown. The lanceolate leaves are simple, spirally arranged, 5–20 cm long and 1.5–5 cm broad at the base, with a parallel venation and entire margin; they grow in tight whorls and are a uniform dark green.Huxley, A., ed. (1992).
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This separation was ignored by most workers until 1976, when Scadoxus was recognised as a distinct genus by Ib Friis and Inger Nordal. Haemanthus species are southern in distribution, form true bulbs and have 2n = 16 chromosomes, whereas Scadoxus species are found throughout tropical Africa, do not all form bulbs and have 2n = 18 chromosomes. The leaves of the two genera are also different. The leaves of Scadoxus species are thin, spirally arranged, with a distinct stalk (petiole); in some species their bases form a pseudostem.
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About a quarter of the tusks' length was inside the sockets; they grew spirally in opposite directions from the base, curving until the tips pointed towards each other, and sometimes crossed. Most of their weight would have been close to the skull, with less torque than straight tusks would have generated. The tusks were usually asymmetrical, with considerable variation; some tusks curved down, instead of outwards, or were shorter due to breakage. Columbian mammoth tusks were generally less twisted than those of woolly mammoths.
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Cloth is prepared by washing and bleaching. For a coloured ground it is then dyed. The cloth has always to be brushed, to free it from loose nap, flocks and dust that it picks up whilst stored. Frequently, too, it has to be sheared by being passed over rapidly revolving knives arranged spirally round an axle, which rapidly and effectually cuts off all filaments and knots, leaving the cloth perfectly smooth and clean and in a condition fit to receive impressions of the most delicate engraving.
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It is a coniferous shrub or small tree, reaching 5–20 m (rarely 25 m) tall with reddish bark. The leaves are lanceolate, flat, 8–12 cm long (up to 17 cm on young plants) and 4 mm broad, dark green above, with two paler green stomatal bands below; they are arranged spirally on the stem. The seed cones are drupe-like, 20–25 mm long, with a fleshy aril almost completely surrounding the single seed, but with the tip of the seed exposed.
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Myrica faya fruit The species vary from 1 m shrubs up to 20 m trees; some are deciduous, but the majority of species are evergreen. The roots have nitrogen-fixing bacteria which enable the plants to grow on soils that are very poor in nitrogen content. The leaves are spirally arranged, simple, 2–12 cm long, oblanceolate with a tapered base and broader tip, and a crinkled or finely toothed margin. The flowers are catkins, with male and female catkins usually on separate plants (dioecious).
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It blooms from August to September and produces yellow flowers. The simple inflorescences are found occurring in pairs in the axils and have spherical flower-heads with a diameter of conraining 15 to 24 mid-golden coloured flowers. Following flowering seed pods form that are twisted to spirally coiled with a length of approximately and a width of . The thinly crustaceous seed pods are covered in woolly hairs and contain shiny brown seeds with an elliptic shape and a length of and a bright orange aril.
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They are large trees, reaching tall and (exceptionally ) trunk diameter. The needle-like leaves, long, are borne spirally on the shoots, twisted at the base so as to appear in two flat rows on either side of the shoot. The cones are globose, diameter, with 10-25 scales, each scale with 1-2 seeds; they are mature in 7–9 months after pollination, when they disintegrate to release the seeds. The male (pollen) cones are produced in pendulous racemes, and shed their pollen in early spring.
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Helicoprion is a genus of extinct, shark-like eugeneodontid holocephalid fish. Almost all fossil specimens are of spirally arranged clusters of the individuals' teeth, called "tooth whorls"— the cartilaginous skull, spine, and other structural elements have not been preserved in the fossil record, leaving scientists to make educated guesses as to its anatomy and behavior. Helicoprion lived in the oceans of the early Permian , with species known from North America, Eastern Europe, Asia, and Australia. The closest living relatives of Helicoprion (and other eugeneodontids) are the chimaeras.
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The surface of the Pollia fruit has an especially smooth and transparent cuticle which reflects light as a mirror does (specular reflection). Beneath this glossy surface lies a special layer of cells which have an elaborate but unpigmented microstructure, whose function is to reflect light within a narrow range of wavelengths. This structural coloration is created by Bragg reflection from spirally stacked cellulose microfibrils in the walls of these cells. The wavelength reflected depends on the height of the stack, which varies from cell to cell.
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The space between the beaded cord and the peripheral keel is on the upper whorls finely spirally striated, but on the last whorl, first two, and then a third, small spiral equidistant threads, articulated white and dark rose color, are developed. The imbrications on the two keels are short, distant, subspinose, and channeled in front. The base of the shell is nearly smooth, with fine spiral striation and a widespread, transparent, thin layer of enamel in front of the aperture. The smooth columella is arcuate and pearly.
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According to his journal entries, Rosenberg at first believed that the iron pieces found with the ship did not belong to the stem, while Mikkelsen believed that they did. Mikkelson was relieved when Rosenberg changed his mind regarding the iron-pieces and concluded that they indeed belonged to the stem. The iron-pieces turned out to be spirally-rolled iron bands, which must have been placed as ornaments on the wooden stem, now dissolved. The spirals lay in a line for a length of roughly 60 cm.
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Diphasiastrum digitatum is a perennial vascular plant that does not contain a significant amount of wood tissue above or at the ground. They are low-growing usually measuring less than 30 cm tall. Leaves are evergreen, which appears opposite and is arranged spirally with 4 evenly spaced leaves, when viewed from the side it appears as 4 columns. The branch leaves are green and shiny, the base extends down to the stem (decurrent) and the free portion at the tip pointed and scale-like.
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The main role of the pulse transformer was to provide the current for the toroidal field coils which was supplied through fifteen irons cores that were spirally wound from a .03 millimeter iron strip. The toroidal field coil was a central conductor made of copper on the axis of the vacuum tank, and was attached to the vacuum tank through copper limbs covered by insulated clamps. START had six poloidal field coils within the vacuum tank and were encased in 3 millimeter stainless steel cases.
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Thelymitra variegata is a tuberous, perennial herb with an erect, dark green leaf which is egg-shaped near its purplish base, then suddenly narrows to a linear, channelled, spirally twisted leaf long and wide. Up to five glossy, variegated reddish, purplish or violet flowers with darker spots and blotches and yellowish margins, wide are borne on a flowering stem tall. The sepals and petals are long and wide. The column is a similar colour to the petals and sepals, long and about wide with a cluster of small finger-like glands on its back.
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The stem of P. serratum is up to in diameter and covered with the black, fibrous bases of old spirally arranged leaves, four-ranked or tristichous, as in the closely related family Juncaceae, a family in which it was previously placed - it also has close affinities with the bergpalmiet (Tetraria thermalis) in the Cyperaceae. The strap-like lanceolate leaves are rigid, with a high silica content, narrow, leathery, grey-green, and with toothed margins. The small, brown flowers are on a branched inflorescence about 1 m in length. Plants are hermaphroditic and pollination is anemophilous.
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The length of the shell attains 9.5 mm, its diameter 3 mm. (Original description) The solid shell is ovately fusiform. It is pale fleshy white, banded with yellow on a series of nodules around the lower half of the whorls, stained with reddish brown between the nodules, with a second series of yellow gemmules, with a reddish-brown lira beneath it, situated a little below the middle of the body whorl. The shell contains 7½ whorls, the apical ones large, the rest undulately carinated above at the suture, then concave, coarsely ribbed and spirally lirate.
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The shell is microscopically spirally striated, from an acute shoulder surmounted by a single cord. The other spiral sculpture consists of (on the body whorl nine) widely separated subequal cords on the posterior one of which the suture is laid. These have the interspaces minutely striated and are not swollen when they pass over the ribs. The axial sculpture consists of (on the body whorl six) short, very prominent ribs with narrower interspaces, not continuous up the spire and horizontally angulated by the cord which forms the periphery.
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The teleoconch contains three whorls. The protoconch consists of 3½ whorls, of which the first is turbinate, slightly tilted and engraved with microscopic spirally punctured lines, followed by two transitional whorls keeled at periphery, and ornamented by fine close obliquely radiating riblets. The adult sculpture : on the body whorl, fifteen spiral cords, of which the third and eighth are prominent, expressing the angle above and below the barrel of the whorl, the basal cords are broken into beads. The penultimate whorl shows six, and the antepenultimate with three spirals.
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Lycopodium clavatum is a spore-bearing vascular plant, growing mainly prostrate along the ground with stems up to long; the stems are much branched, and densely clothed with small, spirally arranged microphyll leaves. The leaves are 3–5 mm long and 0.7–1 mm broad, tapered to a fine hair-like white point. The branches bearing strobili or spore cones turn erect, reaching above ground, and their leaves are modified as sporophylls that enclose the spore capsules or sporangia. The spore cones are yellow-green, long, and broad.
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VI; Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences This species is the type of the genus Pseudodaphnella. Hervier has already noticed that it is subject to considerable variation in size, disposition of colour, number of radial ribs, and density of spiral cords. On the body whorl of an example from Cape Grenville Ch. Hedley counted thirty-four spirals. The apex of a shell Ch. Hedley gathered alive at Murray Island is small, brown, and of two whorls, the first finely spirally grooved, the second with numerous close fine radial riblets.
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The shell grows to a length of 11 mm, its diameter 4.5 mm. (Original description) The small, acute, rosaceous, solid shell contains six whorls, excluding the (damaged) protoconch. It differs from Cymatosyrinx idothea Dall, 1919 by its more slender shell, wider fasciole, over which the ends of the ribs reach the preceding suture, forming a more pronounced shoulder at the periphery, and having the whole shell spirally sculptured by small equal threads with subequal interspaces. The columella is longer and the siphonal canal distinct, longer, and somewhat constricted.
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A similar zone exists below the periphery, much more conspicuous between the ribs, the principal lirae being nearly without exception red-brown, especially 4 of them on the body whorl. The spirals number from 3 to 7 on upper whorls and numerous ones on the body whorl and siphonal canal, which cannot be divided in principal and secondary ones. The excavation is finely spirally striated, moreover very fine growth-lirae are visible in many parts, if seen with a strong lens. The aperture is elongately oval, with a broad, moderately deep sinus below the suture.
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The device produced by Ricoh uses bottom side magnetic coated paper, positioned by three perforations on three pins on device. A tape head on a rotating disc is spirally moved from outside to inside while the recording material (paper) stays still. Up to four minutes can be recorded per sheet. Microphone, headphones and monitor jacks are 3.5mm plugs.Techmoan: RetroTech: Recordable Paper - The 3M Sound Page, YouTube, 12 April 2018 The device is 12 lb 9 oz or 5.7 kg, has 11 transistors and dimensions of 10.6×5.5×14.8 inch, which equal 270×140×375 mm.
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The species are annual or perennial, with a creeping monopodial rhizome with the leaves arranged in two vertical rows, or an erect main shoot with roots at the base and spirally arranged or whorled leaves. The leaves are simple and usually found submerged, though they may be found floating or partially emerse. As with many aquatics they can be very variable in shape – from linear to orbicular, with or without a petiole, and with or without a sheathing base. The flowers are arranged in a forked, spathe-like bract or between two opposite bracts.
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The inner lip projects over the umbilical region, thence spread from the axis to the right insertion as a solid sheet. The columella is spirally ascending within, terminating below in a downwardly directed tubercle, succeeded by a deep notch and an answering ridge. Thence along the edge of the gullet underneath the external varix are about a score of callus rays, alternately long and short, leading to the throat. Behind the aperture, about a millimetre from the free edge, is a sharp, narrow varix rising gradually at the base and ending abruptly at the suture.
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In 1966 he relocated to the United Kingdom to get medical treatment for his young daughter, who had leukaemia. He spent a year grieving her death, after which he founded Natural Gas Tubes. Starting with one steel unit, he went on to acquire more. This led to his founding the Caparo Group in 1968, which became one of the UK's largest steel conversion and distribution businesses, manufacturing an extensive range of structural steels, precision tube, spirally welded tube, special bar qualities, industrial wires, cold rolled strip and spring steel strip.
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Seeds of Taxus baccata It is a small to medium-sized evergreen tree, growing (exceptionally up to ) tall, with a trunk up to (exceptionally ) in diameter. The bark is thin, scaly brown, coming off in small flakes aligned with the stem. The leaves are flat, dark green, long and broad, arranged spirally on the stem, but with the leaf bases twisted to align the leaves in two flat rows either side of the stem, except on erect leading shoots where the spiral arrangement is more obvious. The leaves are poisonous.
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The suture is distinct, appressed, bordered by a small thread behind and a strong white cord in front betAveen it and the fascicle which is constricted narrow and minutely spirally striated. The other spiral sculpture consists of (on the spire two) peripheral whitish cords, the anterior stronger and swollen where it passes over the ribs. On the body whorl in front of the periphery are seven similar but smaller cords with wider, minutely striated interspaces sometimes carrying an intercalary thread. On the siphonal canal are about half a dozen close-set threads.
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Leaves: Leaves are entire and are both alternate and spirally arranged, elliptic to lanceolate, with a pointed tip and slightly more rounded base. Adult leaves are dark, glossy green above with dense, rusty to cream coloured hairs beneath, and are normally 7 cm long, but can range from 5 cm to 15 cm in length, and 2.5-7.5 cm wide. Petiole is 0.5–2 cm long. Flowers: Ranging in colour from yellowish green to cream, the spiky, ragged axillary or terminal heads are about 2 cm in diameter, and closely resemble Hamamelis in shape.
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Sloan wrote later, A 1903 advertisement for a Haynes-Apperson car Although the company was mismanaged and financially insecure, Sloan saw that the spirally-wound flexible roller bearing product had real potential. At that time machine parts did not have precise dimensions, so the flexibility of the Hyatt bearing was a valuable quality. However, Sloan left Hyatt in 1897 to take a better-paying job with which he could afford to marry his fiancée, Irene Jackson. He joined another start-up company named Hygienic Refrigerator, which was trying to develop an electric refrigerator.
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Potamogeton diversifolius is a species of aquatic plant known by the common names waterthread pondweed and diverse-leaved pondweed. It is native to most of the United States, as well as sections of southwestern Canada, and northern Mexico, where it grows in water bodies such as ponds, lakes, ditches, and slow-moving streams. This is a perennial herb producing a very narrow, compressed stem branching to a maximum length around 35 centimeters. It has thin, pointed linear leaves a few centimeters long spirally arranged about the thin stem.
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They are clump-forming, rhizomatous, evergreen perennials with a spirally arranged rosette of leaves 6–35 cm long and 4–15 cm broad, and pink flowers produced in a cyme. The leaves are large, leathery, ovate or cordate, and often have wavy or saw-toothed edges. For most of the year, the leaves have a glossy green colour, but in cooler climates, they turn red or bronze in the fall. The flowers grow on a stem similar in colour to a rhubarb stalk and most varieties have cone-shaped flowers in varying shades of pink.
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Chaenactis xantiana is an annual plant growing to 50 cm tall. The leaves are somewhat succulent, 3–7 cm long and 3–4 mm broad, in a basal rosette on the young plants which wither away during flowering, and spirally arranged leaves on the flowering stem; they are green, finely flecked with white scales giving an overall grayish color to the plant.Gray, Asa 1865. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 6: 545 The Mojave pincushion flowers are produced in a capitulum 3–6 cm diameter, and are white.
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Strong ribs or keels are also evident in these cells, which can be arranged spirally or relatively straight, ranging in width. Some species may contain furrows that vary in size and depth, and can be located dorsally and/or ventrally on the body of the cell. The cells also have an abundance of paramylon bodies, typically used for the storage of starch, that are observed in all species. The feeding structure, not visible under light microscopy, is relatively simple consisting of a pocket-like cavity ending with a cytostome, lined with microtubules for phagocytosis.
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At all ages, it is distinguished by the slightly pendulous branchlet tips. The shoots are orange–brown, with dense pubescence about long. The leaves are needle-like, long and broad, soft, blunt-tipped, only slightly flattened in cross-section, pale glaucous blue-green above, and with two broad bands of bluish-white stomata below with only a narrow green midrib between the bands; they differ from those of any other species of hemlock in also having stomata on the upper surface, and are arranged spirally all around the shoot. Foliage and cones of subsp.
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The complex changes that the Schwann cell undergoes during the process of myelination of peripheral nerve fibers have been observed and studied by many. The initial envelopment of the axon occurs without interruption along the entire extent of the Schwann cell. This process is sequenced by the in-folding of the Schwann cell surface so that a double membrane of the opposing faces of the in-folded Schwann cell surface is formed. This membrane stretches and spirally wraps itself over and over as the in-folding of the Schwann cell surface continues.
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The anal fasciole is excavated and spirally faintly striated, especially on the anterior slope. The axial sculpture consists of (on the body whorl) about 20 sharp low straight narrow ribs, with much wider interspaces, and extending from the shoulder to the siphonal canal. The spiral sculpture between the sutures consists of 4 fine elevated threads, including 1 at the shoulder and a fifth on which the suture is laid, with wider flat interspaces. On the body whorl, there are 14 or 15 equal and equally spaced similar threads.
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The periphery of the body whorl is sometimes articulated with white, and the base of the shell is either unicolored dark, or finely dotted with white. The shell contains 10 whorls, the apical one or two convex and smooth, the following flat, finely spirally striate (about 14 striae on the penultimate whorl of a large specimen). The body whorl is convex at the periphery, angulated there in specimens not completely adult, and convex beneath, with 10-12 concentric lirulae there. The entire surface contains fine lines of growth.
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Plants in the genus Apostasia are evergreen, terrestrial, grass-like plants with a scaly rhizome with a few roots that sometimes develop tubers. They have thin stems with many long, narrow, grass- like leaves spirally arranged around them. Small yellow or white, non- resupinate flowers are arranged on a short, often branching flowering stem. The three sepals and three petals are all similar in size, shape and colour, unlike in more familiar orchids which usually have one petal modified as a labellum and often a dorsal sepal which differs from the lateral sepals.
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The sporangia were similar to those of P. quadrifaria, although there were fewer in each cluster. Pertica dalhousii was described in 1978 from fossils of Early or Middle Devonian age found in New Brunswick, Canada. The plant appears to have been similar to P. quadrifaria (only part is known), comprising a central stem (axis) with spirally arranged dichotomous side branches, some of which terminated in erect clusters of between 32 and 128 sporangia. Further specimens from the same rocks possibly belonged to another species of Pertica, but were not sufficiently well preserved to be named.
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Fruits Impatiens balsamina, commonly known as balsam, garden balsam, rose balsam, touch-me-not or spotted snapweed, is a species of plant native to India and Myanmar. It is an annual plant growing to 20–75 cm tall, with a thick, but soft stem. The leaves are spirally-arranged, 2.5–9 cm long and 1–2.5 cm broad, with a deeply toothed margin. The flowers are pink, red, mauve, lilac, or white, and 2.5–5 cm diameter; they are pollinated by bees and other insects, and also by nectar-feeding birds.
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Blooming from May to June, the flowers are unisexual and are both small, hairy, growing on the same individual tree. Both are arranged on a stem, only staminate flowers' are a lot longer. Also, staminate flowers are arranged spirally on a slim drooping stem — this is called catkins. Staminate catkins are about 5 cm(2 in) long; Staminate flowers are about 3.5 mm(0.14 in) long; 4 - 6 perianths, lobed, hairy outside, glabrous inside; 4 - 9 stamens, filaments 2.5 mm(0.1 in) long, anthers 1 mm(0.04 in) long.
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Green, 1994, p.438 The fuselage of the NiD 37 was constructed in Nieuport-Delage's standard manner with a monocoque shell of spirally wound and glued tulipwood with a final outer fabric covering. This gave a smooth finish to the circular cross section structure which tapered gently to the tail from a dome-shaped nose housing the Hispano-Suiza 8Fb water-cooled V-8 engine and its Rateau turbo-supercharger. The engine was mounted with its output shaft low in the nose and drove a two-blade propeller.
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"If you observe the tail of the bull, the tail is spirally pointing to the sky, meaning a uplifting financial trend," he said. The bull had been commissioned to be twice the size of Wall Street's Charging Bull. The city also requested a bull that was younger and stronger than New York City's bull to symbolise "the energy of Shanghai's economy", Zhou Wei, the head of Huangpu district said. "That's why the head of the Bund's bull looks up while the Wall Street Bull looks downward," he said.
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In June, guanacaste seedlings can already be seen, germinating in the moist soil of the early rainy season. Guanacaste fruits are large (7–12 cm diameter), glossy dark brown indehiscent and spirally-organized pods, shaped like orbicular disks. Their shape suggests the usual Mimosoideae fruit – a long, narrow, flattened pod – taken and wound around an axis perpendicular to its plane. Made of thick, soft tissue with a leathery feel, the pods contain 8-20 radially arranged seeds, 14.5–17.5 mm long, 7.8–11.2 mm wide, and 6.2–7.2 mm thick and weighing about 1 g.
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It is a large coniferous evergreen tree growing up to 65m tall with smooth, grey coloured bark. The leaves are oval, 4–6 cm long and 1.5–2 cm broad on adult trees, slightly larger, up to 7 cm long and 3 cm broad, on young trees. The seed cones are squat ovoid, 7–9 cm long and 12 cm diameter, containing numerous spirally arranged scales 28–32 mm long and 35–45 mm broad, each scale bearing a single winged seed. The pollen cones are 25–45 mm long and 10–11 mm broad.
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They were erect or arched, dichotomized (forked) occasionally, and had adventitious roots arising directly from prostrate stems. As in Asteroxylon the vascular bundle in the stems was an exarch actinostele, with a star-shaped arrangement of tracheids of a primitive annular or helical type (so-called G-type). Leaves were unbranched strap-shaped microphylls (4 cm long in B. longifolia) with a single prominent vascular thread, arranged spirally on the stem. The sporangia were borne in the axils of the leaves, broader than long, dehiscing by a transversely-orientated slit.
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The ornament of penultimate whorl consists of four equal and equidistant granulose lirae, and obliquely transverse raised threads. Of the body whorl, a small granulose lirais interposed between the third and fourth, anterior to the fourth are two smaller equally distant from one another, the fifth is slightly granulose, whilst the sixth, which is at the periphery, is broad and obtuse. The interspaces between the lirae are faintly spirally striate. The base has seven concentric lirae, the inner ones subgranose, the outer ones plain, with a few coincident striae in the interspaces.
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With a distinct appearance the Common Hair Cap Moss gets its name from the hairs that cover, or cap, the calyptra where each spore case is held (1). Looking down on it, the Common Hair Cap Moss has a star shaped appearance because of the pointed leaves arranged spirally at right angles around a stiff stem (3). Like other mosses, it is generally a dark green colour and doesn’t grow very tall. The Common Hair Cap Moss has no woody tissue so it only grows from 4–20 cm tall (2).
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This led researchers to two theories: The first was that the arthropods lineage must have lost the ability to spiral cleave since differentiating from the last common ancestor between annelids and arthropods. The second is that this showed similarities between annelids and mollusks who also spirally cleaves but lacks that the segmented body plan. This was not the only interpretation of this data but other hypotheses were seen to have less data or merit. Other studies such as those looking a neural patterns within the articulata clade showed mixed patterns and thus mixed results.
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The straight trunk of the rimu is generally 1.5 m in diameter, but may be larger in old or very tall specimens. The leaves are spirally arranged, awl-shaped, up to 7 mm long on juvenile plants, and 1 mm wide; and 2 to 3 mm long on mature trees. It is dioecious, with male and female cones on separate trees; the seeds take 15 months to mature after pollination. The mature cones comprise a swollen red fleshy scale six to ten mm long bearing one (rarely two) apical seeds 4 mm long.
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Extruding dough for churros in Strasbourg Churros in Guatemala A street vendor in Colombia making churros Churros are fried until they become crunchy, and may be sprinkled with sugar. The surface of a churro is ridged due to having been piped from a churrera, a syringe-like tool with a star- shaped nozzle. Churros are generally prisms in shape, and may be straight, curled or spirally twisted. Like pretzels, churros are sold by street vendors, who may fry them freshly on the street stand and sell them hot.
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The seed cones are long and mature in 18–20 months, though they typically remain green and closed for as long as 20 years. Each cone has 30–50 spirally arranged scales, with several seeds on each scale, giving an average of 230 seeds per cone. Seeds are dark brown, long, and broad, with a wide, yellow-brown wing along each side. Some seeds shed when the cone scales shrink during hot weather in late summer, but most are liberated by insect damage or when the cone dries from the heat of fire.
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Foliage The shoots are brown to gray-brown, smooth, though not as smooth as fir shoots, and finely pubescent with scattered short hairs. The buds are a distinctive narrow conic shape, long, with red-brown bud scales. The leaves are spirally arranged but slightly twisted at the base to be upswept above the shoot, needle-like, long, gray-green to blue-green above with a single broad stomatal patch, and with two whitish stomatal bands below. The male (pollen) cones are long, and are typically restricted to, or more abundant on, lower branches.
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V. viride flower at Alpine Lakes Wilderness in Washington state V. viride is a herbaceous perennial plant reaching tall, with a solid green stem. The leaves are spirally arranged, long and broad, elliptic to broad lanceolate ending in a short point, heavily ribbed and hairy on the underside. The flowers are numerous, produced in a large branched inflorescence tall; each flower is long, with six green to yellow-green tepals. The fruit is a capsule long, which splits into three sections at maturity to release the numerous flat diameter seeds.
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They start forming after around 15 years and are superficially similar to a tulip in shape, hence the tree's name. Flowers of L. tulipifera have a faint cucumber odor. The stamens and pistils are arranged spirally around a central spike or gynaecium; the stamens fall off, and the pistils become the samaras. The fruit is a cone-like aggregate of samaras 4–9 cm long, each of which has a roughly tetrahedral seed with one edge attached to the central conical spike and the other edge attached to the wing.
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The thorns are small sharp-tipped branches that arise either from other branches or from the trunk, and are typically 1–3 cm long (recorded as up to in one case). The leaves grow spirally arranged on long shoots, and in clusters on spur shoots on the branches or twigs. The leaves of most species have lobed or serrated margins and are somewhat variable in shape. The fruit, sometimes known as a "haw", is berry-like but structurally a pome containing from one to five pyrenes that resemble the "stones" of plums, peaches, etc.
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The suture is distinct and not appressed. The whorl in front of it descends flatly to a nearly peripheral keel, the flattened portion corresponding to the anal fasciole. The fasciole is spirally sculptured by four or live very fine, equidistant, simple, similar threads, crossed by (on the body whorl about twenty-five) elevated, sharp, arcuate, lamellar riblets, which are continued over the whorl with wider interspaces to the anterior part of the base. The shoulder keel is minutely duplex, narrow, subspinose where it crosses the ribs, and more prominent than they.
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Spiral wound gaskets are also used in high pressure pipelines and are made with stainless steel outer and inner rings and a center filled with spirally wound stainless steel tape wound together with graphite and PTFE, formed in V shape. Internal pressure acts upon the faces of the V, forcing the gasket to seal against the flange faces. Most spiral wound gasket applications will use two standard gasket thicknesses: 1/8 inch and 3/16 inch. With 1/8 inch thick gaskets, compression to a 0.100 inch thickness is recommended.
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The five whorls of the teleoconch are well rounded, and faintly shouldered at the summit. They are marked by fine lines of growth and numerous very fine equal and equally spaced spirally incised lines, of which there are probably more than forty between the periphery and the summit of the last turn. The sutures are rendered subchanneled by the slight shoulder at the summit of the whorls. The periphery and the base of the body whorl are well rounded, the latter somewhat attenuated and marked like the spaces between the sutures.
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The fruit bunch of the female palm tree is also called Shakhlub (شخلوب) and consists of a central stem and about 100 to 150 strands of spikelets. Tabaq (طبق) made from palm leaflets The whole cluster can be used as a broom to sweep the ground whereby it is called Hanquqah (حنقوقة). Manasir girl with her colourfully decorated Kabbet (كبّت) But also some of the finest basketry of the region is created by wrapping palm leaflets, preferably of the Dum palm around a strand of spikelets. The resulting strand is spirally plaited to dishes.
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Antennaria dioica is a herbaceous perennial plant growing to 10–20 cm tall, with a rosette of basal spoon-shaped leaves 4 cm long, and 1 cm broad at their broadest near the apex; and smaller leaves arranged spirally up the flowering stems. The flowers are produced in capitula (flowerheads) 6–12 mm diameter with pale pink ray florets and darker pink disc florets. It is dioecious, but can also reproduce without fertilisation. It is found in groups which can be all-female colonies, all-male colonies, and also mixed colonies.
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Some southern South Island populations produce dense tussock-like plants without extensive stolons. Numerous tough, roughly textured leaves are borne in dense tufts on well- spaced, short, upright stems (tillers), along the length of stolons. The narrow leaves are 2–5 mm wide, with colour ranging from bright green when young through golden yellow to a deep orange on mature plants. Small, dark brown flowers appear in spring and are arranged spirally in tight clusters around the upper 10–30 cm of the upright stem (culm), interspersed with leaf- like bracts.
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Melaleuca leiocarpa sometimes grows to a height of and has rough, furrowed, dark grey or grey-black bark. The leaves are spirally arranged, long and wide, narrow lance-shaped or linear with a very short stalk and tapering to a sharp point. Flowers occur at or near the ends of the branches in clusters of up to 3 to 14 individual flowers, the clusters sometimes reaching in length and in diameter. The stamens are yellow-lemon in colour, in five bundles around the flower, each bundle containing 11 to 22 stamens.
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The short peduncle is waxy and covered in hairs, the enclosing prophyll is similarly covered, two keeled and beaked. The rachis is longer than the peduncle with spirally arranged, conspicuous bracts subtending long, tapering rachillae. These branchlets are stiff with prominent bracts subtending triads in their lower half with pairs or lone staminate flowers on the top. The staminate flowers have three pointed sepals and as many valvate petals; the six stamens have strongly inflexed filaments with oblong dorsifixed anthers carrying elliptic pollen with finely reticulate, tectate exine.
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The branches are horizontal, produced in whorls of five or six. The leaves are spirally arranged, scale-like or awl-like, 6–12 cm long and 1.5–2 cm broad at the base, with a sharp tip; leaves on young trees are shorter (under 9 cm) and narrower (under 1.5 cm). It is usually monoecious with male and female cones on the same tree; the pollen cones are long and slender, up to 20 cm long and 1 cm broad; the seed cones are oval, up to 25 cm long and 14–16 cm broad.
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The length of the shell attains 17 mm, its diameter 6 mm. (Original description) The fusiform shell has a fairly broadened body whorl, but a very attenuate spire It contains 9 whorls, of which the two whorls in the protoconch are smooth, diaphanous, and globular. The remainder show strong, rounded, shining, nodulous longitudinal ribs, about eight in number on the penultimate and body whorls. The suture is strongly raised-plicate, and spirally furnished with regular raised revolving lines, chestnut in colour, thus contrasting with the paler ochreous brown surface.
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The whorls are sloping forward flatly from these threads to an angle at the shoulder forming the periphery. This part of the whorl is minutely spirally threaded. The other spiral sculpture consists of (on the base about five) strong threads with wider interspaces containing minor threads all merging toward and on the siphonal canal into a series of subequal close-set threads. The anal fasciole has its deepest part at the shoulder angle, but the arcuate incremental lines on the whorl behind the angle indicate that it was when complete wide and shallow.
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Lepidodendrales had tall, thick trunks that rarely branched and were topped with a crown of bifurcating branches bearing clusters of leaves. These leaves were long and narrow, similar to large blades of grass, and were spirally-arranged. The vascular system of the erect trunk was unusual in that it switched its morphological development as the plant grew. The young trunk began as a protostele in which the outer xylem matured first (exarch), but the later and higher portion of the trunk developed as an ectophloic siphonostele in which the xylem was flanked by phloem tissue on both its inner and outer side.
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The length of the shell attains 3 mm, its diameter 1.8 mm (Original description) The small, yellowish brown shell is broadly fusiform, It contains five whorls, including a prominent two-whorled protoconch, which is finely spirally lirate. The adult whorls are strongly angled about the upper third by a prominent spiral keel, which bears at regular intervals well developed spinose nodules, about 10 on the body whorl. Above to the suture the whorl is concavely hollowed, with a finely nodulous keel. Below the carina are two prominent keels, bearing numerous sharp nodules, connected somewhat irregularly above and below, with axial riblets.
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The shell is bone white to yellow cream in color with an elevated spire, a waxy appearance and texture, a very distinct suture, and a weakly curved, fairly short, slender siphonal canal. The shell has two nuclear whorls (which are typically eroded) and five to six subsequent whorls. The whorls bear 10 wide blade like varices which are prominent at the shoulder, where they rise into blunt rounded tips that curve backwards from the aperture of the shell. The surface texture of the shell appears smooth and waxy, however under magnification microsculpture is visible consisting of minute striations both spirally and longitudinally.
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Sturt's desert pea is a member of Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae. It has pinnate, grey-green leaves which are arranged spirally on the main axis of the plant, and in two opposite rows (distichous) on lateral stems. Its flowers are so different from its relatives that it is almost unrecognisable as a member of the pea family. The flowers are about 9 centimetres in length and grow in clusters of around half a dozen on thick vertical stalks (peduncles), which spring up every 10-15 centimetres along the prostrate stems in a bright red, which may be up to 2 metres in length.
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It begins with a spirally widening search, and develops into a more meandering approach the longer it is unable to find the burrow. Mist rolls over the edge of alt=Clouds tumble over the cliff edges that surround a patch of desert; a few small shrubs sprout from the dry earth. Hemilepistus reaumuri has a significantly higher biomass than other herbivores in the Negev Desert, making it an important part of herbivore–omnivore food chains. They spend the day provisioning their burrows with leaf material from the surface of the desert, sometimes resting under stones or in crevices of rocks.
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It is an evergreen coniferous shrub or small tree growing to 6 m (rarely 10 m) tall, with a trunk up to 38 cm diameter. The bark is thin, scaly purple-brown, and the branches are irregularly orientated. The shoots are green at first, becoming brown after three or four years. The leaves are thin, flat, slightly falcate (sickle-shaped), 1–2.9 cm long and 1–2 mm broad, with a bluntly acute apex; they are arranged spirally on the shoots but twisted at the base to appear in two horizontal ranks on all except for erect lead shoots.
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The large (5-5½ × 2-2½ cm), more or less pendulant, star-symmetrical, hermaphrodite flowers stand individually in the axil of the leaves on a short flower stem. The calyx consists of eight to ten, free, concave, and spirally arranged sepals which gradually increase in size from outer to inner, overlap in the bud, and do not fall after flowering. These sepals are approximately oval in shape, leathery in consistency and are covered in simple one-celled straight or slightly curved hairs of 0.2-0.6 mm. Sepals and petals both contain crystals of various shapes and mucilaginous cells.
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It is exceptional due to its preservation of several different clades of plants, from mosses and lycophytes to more unusual, problematic forms. Many fossil animals, including arthropods and arachnids, are also found in the Rhynie Chert, and it offers a unique window on the history of early terrestrial life. Plant-derived macrofossils become abundant in the Late Devonian and include tree trunks, fronds, and roots. The earliest tree was thought to be Archaeopteris, which bears simple, fern-like leaves spirally arranged on branches atop a conifer-like trunk (), though it is now known to be the recently discovered Wattieza.
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The flesh of the cap is composed of highly interwoven hyphae measuring 7.4–11.1 µm wide that are hyaline in water, gelatinized and hyaline in KOH, and regularly septate. The stipitipellis (stem cuticle) is a trichodermial palisade of cylindrical elements with inflated terminal cells. The terminal cells project 30.4–63 µm, and they are cylindrical to club- shaped, occasionally with an abrupt tapering point. The flesh of the stem is made of densely interwoven hyphae that are 4.9–7.2 µm wide, with spirally arranged, faint golden encrusting pigments that can be seen in KOH, Melzer's reagent, and water.
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The lateral stratum hyphae are 4.4–8.4 µm wide, hyaline, gelatinized in a dilute solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH), and regularly septate. The cap cuticle is a densely interwoven trichodermial palisade (an erect, roughly parallel chains of closely packed cells) of cylindrical elements with inflated terminal cells. The terminal cells are 23.5–51.9 by 9.4–16.8 µm, inamyloid, cylindrical to club-shaped, interwoven, and concentrated on the squamules. The marginal appendiculae are composed of wefts of interwoven inflated hyphae, some with faint golden spirally arranged encrusting pigments that are evident when mounted in water, KOH, and Melzer's reagent.
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Light micrograph of a whole-mount slide of an alt=Light micrograph of a whole-mount slide of an oogonium and antheridium of Chara The reproductive organs of the Charales show a high degree of specialization. The female organ, called an oogonium is a large oval structure with an envelope of spirally arranged, bright green filaments of cells. It is termed an oogonium. The male organ or is also large, bright yellow or red in colour, spherical in shape, and is usually termed an antheridium, though some workers regard it as a multiple structure rather than a single organ.
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In 1790, notable pioneer botanist João de Loureiro described this genus as Helicia in his publication Flora Cochinchinensis. The type species for the genus was Helicia cochinchinensis, the type specimen of which was collected in Cochinchina, Vietnam. The genus name derives from the Greek word "" (élix), which refers to the petals, now called tepals, spirally revolving or simply rolling or coiling up on themselves, at anthesis (the flowering time when the anthers open). In 1831, botanist Nathaniel Wallich named Helicia robusta for a dried specimen of a cultivated plant in India, based on the specimen's earlier 1814 name Roupala robusta by William Roxburgh.
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Banksia archaeocarpa is an extinct species of tree or shrub, known only from a fossil Banksia "cone" recovered from rocks known as the Merlinleigh Sandstone from the Middle Eocene (), found in the Kennedy Range in Western Australia. Described in 1983 by Ken McNamara, it closely resembles the extant B. attenuata (Candlestick Banksia), with the flowers spirally arranged. Some leaves resembling Banksia brownii (Feather-leaved Banksia) were discovered at the same site but it is unclear whether or not they were from the same plant. A cast of the fossil cone is on display at the Western Australian Museum.
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Reseda , also known as the mignonette , is a genus of fragrant herbaceous plants native to Europe, southwest Asia and North Africa, from the Canary Islands and Iberia east to northwest India. The genus includes herbaceous annual, biennial and perennial species 40–130 cm tall. The leaves form a basal rosette at ground level, and then spirally arranged up the stem; they can be entire, toothed or pinnate, and range from 1–15 cm long. The flowers are produced in a slender spike, each flower small (4–6 mm diameter), white, yellow, orange, or green, with four to six petals.
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Fallen foliage sprays (cladoptosis) of Metasequoia The leaves are arranged either spirally, in decussate pairs (opposite pairs, each pair at 90° to the previous pair) or in decussate whorls of three or four, depending on the genus. On young plants, the leaves are needle-like, becoming small and scale-like on mature plants of many genera; some genera and species retain needle-like leaves throughout their lives. Old leaves are mostly not shed individually, but in small sprays of foliage (cladoptosis); exceptions are leaves on the shoots that develop into branches. These leaves eventually fall off individually when the bark starts to flake.
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Most are evergreen with the leaves persisting 2–10 years, but three genera (Glyptostrobus, Metasequoia and Taxodium) are deciduous or include deciduous species. Tetraclinis cones The seed cones are either woody, leathery, or (in Juniperus) berry-like and fleshy, with one to several ovules per scale. The bract scale and ovuliferous scale are fused together except at the apex, where the bract scale is often visible as a short spine (often called an umbo) on the ovuliferous scale. As with the foliage, the cone scales are arranged spirally, decussate (opposite) or whorled, depending on the genus.
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All are native to North America, and many species are cultivated in gardens for their showy yellow or gold flower heads that bloom in mid to late summer. The species are herbaceous, mostly perennial plants (some annual or biennial) growing to 0.5–3.0 m tall, with simple or branched stems. The leaves are spirally arranged, entire to deeply lobed, and 5–25 cm long. The flowers are produced in daisy-like inflorescences, with yellow or orange florets arranged in a prominent, cone-shaped head; "cone-shaped" because the ray florets tend to point out and down (are decumbent) as the flower head opens.
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Three of them still exist. They use the technology of both suspension bridges and cable-stayed bridges. Arnodin built a great number of second generation suspension bridges at the turn of the 20th century, and he also restored and consolidated a number of old first generation suspension bridges (before 1860): the aprons were reinforced and the old wire cables replaced by spirally-wound double torsion steel wire ropes, often with addition of a cable-stayed bridge (known structural modification under the name of “Système Arnodin”). His factory (for the production of prefabricated metal sub- structures) was established in Châteauneuf-sur-Loire.
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The XJ49 design was truly a break from conventional design practices of the time. Most turbojet engines then used one centrifugal compressor, one turbine wheel and multiple combustion chambers that resembled long cylinders arranged in a conical pattern. The XJ49 design had a two-stage compressor made up of an axial-flow supersonic compressor at the engine intake, driven by the second power turbine wheel, followed by a spirally- shaped mixed flow compressor, driven by the first turbine wheel, giving an overall compression ratio of 6:1.Neal Power from the annular combustion chamber exhaust drives the complex two-stage turbine.
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Like other yews, it is a small coniferous shrub or small tree, reaching 2–5 m tall with reddish bark. The leaves are lanceolate, flat, 1–2.6 cm long and 2–3 mm broad, dark green above, with two white stomatal bands below; they are arranged spirally on the stem, but with the leaf bases twisted to align the leaves in two flat rows either side of the stem. The conspicuous white stomatal bands on the harder, stiffer (less soft) leaves readily distinguish it from the yews in the genus Taxus. It is dioecious, with the male and female cones on different trees.
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The whole basal part of the body whorl is spirally striated or grooved, the upper part of the whorls is nearly smooth, but for a few scarcely visible spirals and fine and coarse flexuous growth-lines, becoming much coarser on the siphonal canal, which by the intercrossing of this sculpture is slightly granular. The aperture is angular above, ending below in a rather long, narrow, slightly contorted siphonal canal. The peristome is thin, wdth a wide, shallow sinus above, strongly protracted in its median part. The columellar margin is strongly contorted, with a narrow, thin layer of enamel.
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The concept is aimed at providing an isolated and protective environment for the bird species amidst the disturbing activities of densely built cities. Concept adopts vulcanized rubber tubes with growing plants running spirally downwards to facilitate the water flow which gets collected at the bottom. The experiment was done as an attempt to blend high tech architecture and nature together but turned out only to be an utopian concept as the concern of materials were not paid importance to. More over, economic constrictions were not considered assuming humankind must come together to produce something that benefits all using all what it can offer.
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Most carob trees are dioecious and some are hermaphroditic, so strictly male trees do not produce fruit. When the trees blossom in autumn, the flowers are small and numerous, spirally arranged along the inflorescence axis in catkin-like racemes borne on spurs from old wood and even on the trunk (cauliflory); they are pollinated by both wind and insects. The male flowers smell like human semen, an odor that is caused in part by amines. The fruit is a legume (also known commonly, but less accurately, as a pod), that is elongated, compressed, straight, or curved, and thickened at the sutures.
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The extreme summit of the whorls are slightly flattened and narrow, rendering the sutures well marked. The suture is very minutely impressed, and closely spirally striated The periphery of the body whorl is subangulated. The base of the shell is attenuated, rather suddenly contracted below the periphery, which gives the space between the periphery and the umbilical area a concave aspect. The entire surface is marked by fine lines of growth and many fine, closely placed spiral lirations, five of which are a little stronger than the rest and divide the space between the sutures into subequal areas.
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Young infructescence (as above) The authors describe Pinanga cattienensis, as differing from all previously described species of Pinanga from Vietnam, by its leaf sheaths which do not form expanded/extended bases of the leaves to form a crown ("crownshaft") and inflorescences which are not situated below the leaves. Instead, the inflorescences push through the persistent, disintegrating, subtending leaf sheaths: they are spreading, with peduncles 5 mm long, 9 mm wide; "prophylls" (the lowest tract of the inflorescence) are 90–140 mm long, persistent and erect, splitting abaxially. There is no rachis, but 3-4 "rachillae" are 90–130 mm long, rectangular in cross-section, glabrous. Flower "triads" (two male and one female flowers in groups, common with palms) are spirally arranged. Staminate flowers are 6 mm long, with sepals forming a 3-lobed, flat, membranous calyx 1.5 mm long; three petals, 6 mm long, triangular, fleshy, acute; stamens 20-22. Pistillate flowers are 2.5 mm long: the calyx is 2.5 mm long with 3, free, imbricate, scarcely ciliate, non-acuminate sepals; the corolla similar to the calyx; ovary 2.5 mm long. Note: the inflorescences are similar to P. humilis, but P. cattienensis differs from the latter in its spirally (versus distichously) arranged triads, 900–950 mm long (versus 380–390 mm long) rachis and 9–13 (vs. 5–7) pinnae per side of the rachis.
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Whorls are very slightly convex beneath, strongly spirally ribbed and grooved. The ribs are six in number on the upper whorls and rounded; the two above are much more slender than the four beneath; the uppermost borders the suture; the next lies in the concavity at the top of the whorls; and the rest surround the slight convexity, and are three times as broad as the sulci separating them. All the whorls, with the exception of the last four, are coronated at the slight angle below the excavation with very short, hollow, oblique spinules. Some of the spiral grooves exhibit rows of fine granules.
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Proceeding to the interior you certainly feel that Graeme Gunn, the architect, must have used the analogy of climbing a tree with the series of half floor stairs spirally linking the five levels. At first it appears quite dark and your eyes need to adjust between the intriguingly designed internal spaces and the openings with tantalising views of the surrounding forest and the occasional glimpses of sea and coastline. Baronda is also an important early example of passive and active environmental design. This is an extraordinary dwelling; the successful outcome of a client, architect and builder who shared values of understanding of place, beauty, courage and farsightedness.
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It is a medium-sized evergreen conifer growing to tall, exceptionally to tall, with a trunk up to across, and a very narrow conic crown. The bark on young trees is smooth, gray, and with resin blisters, becoming rough and fissured or scaly on old trees. The leaves are flat and needle-like, long, glaucous green above with a broad stripe of stomata, and two blue-white stomatal bands below; the fresh leaf scars are reddish. They are arranged spirally on the shoot, but with the leaf bases twisted to be arranged to the sides of and above the shoot, with few or none below the shoot.
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The suture is distinct, not appressed, with a broad anal fasciole in front of it, arcuately sculptured by lunate wrinkles following the lines of growth and in the earlier whorls elevated into sharp wrinkles at regular intervals, which are carried more or less distinctly over the anterior part of the whorls. In front of the somewhat concave fasciole the whorls are rounded and spirally sculptured with numerous close, very fine, sharp, spiral threads which cover the whorl, becoming coarser, less regular, and less crowded toward the siphonal canal. The aperture is short and lunate. The outer lip shows a broad, deep, rounded anal sulcus close to the suture.
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The earlier whorls have the periphery nearer the anterior suture, the whorl behind the periphery somewhat flattened and compressed, crossed by low obscure riblets, about a dozen on the fourth whorl, which become obsolete later. The whorl in front of the periphery shows no axial sculpture. The whole whorl is spirally sculptured with narrow sharp incised lines, one dividing the space behind the periphery, and about five in front of the periphery on the penultimate whorl. On the body whorl between the periphery and the siphonal fasciole there are about twelve of these lines, though they probably vary in number with the individual, while the incremental lines are moderately conspicuous.
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Cryptomeria japonica: (left) shoot with mature cones and immature male cones at top; (centre) adult foliage shoot; (right) juvenile foliage shoot Cryptomeria is a very large evergreen tree, reaching up to tall and trunk diameter, with red-brown bark which peels in vertical strips. The leaves are arranged spirally, needle-like, long; and the seed cones globular, diameter with about 20–40 scales. It is superficially similar to the related giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum), from which it can be differentiated by the longer leaves (under in the giant sequoia) and smaller cones ( in the giant sequoia), and the harder bark on the trunk (thick, soft and spongy in giant sequoia).
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The seven whorls of the teleoconch are spirally sculptured with a moderate angulation just behind the periphery of the body whorl, which becomes sharper and peripheral on the earlier whorls. In front of this, the whorls are ornamented with numerous rounded threads, separated by much wider somewhat channelled interspaces. On the upper whorls there are 3-6 of these threads, on the body whorl they extend to the anterior end of the siphonal canal, becoming more crowded anteriorly. Behind the carina the shell is smoother, there are faint spirals, hardly raised, and sparser over the centre of the fasciole than on each side of it.
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The Mauna Kea silversword is an erect, single-stemmed and monocarpic or rarely branched and polycarpic basally woody herb, producing a globe-shaped cluster of thick, spirally arranged, sword-shaped silvery-green floccose-sericeous, linear-ligulate to linear-lanceolate leaves growing in a rosette. The epigeal or nearly epigeal rosette may become or more in diameter with individual leaves up to long and is usually less than wide. The leaves are completely covered with a dense layer of long silvery hairs. The leaves of all silverswords have an unusual and important ability to store water as a gel in intracellular spaces where other plant leaves contain air.
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Despite living in the country for around 35 years, it seems unlikely that Loureiro observed living plants of this species, as he stated the lid is a moving part, actively opening and closing. In his most celebrated work, Flora Cochinchinensis, he writes:de Loureiro, J. 1790. Flora Cochinchinensis 2: 606–607. > [...] (the) leaf-tip ends in a long hanging tendril, twisted spirally in the > middle, from which hangs a sort of vase, oblong, pot-bellied, with a smooth > lip with a projecting margin and a lid affixed to one side, which of its own > nature freely opens and closes in order to receive the dew and store it.
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There are several hundred cultivars, selected and bred for their foliage. Depending on the cultivar, the leaves may be ovate to linear, entire to deeply lobed or crinkled, and variegated with green, white, purple, orange, yellow, red or pink. The colour patterns may follow the veins, the margins or be in blotches on the leaf. Popular cultivars include 'Spirale' which has spirally-twisted red and green leaves; 'Andreanum' which has broadly oval yellow leaves with gold veins and margins; 'Majesticum' which has pendulous branches, with linear leaves up to 25 cm long with midrib veins yellow maturing to red; and 'Aureo-maculatum' which has leaves spotted with yellow.
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Many vertebrate axons are surrounded by a myelin sheath, allowing rapid and efficient saltatory ("jumping") propagation of action potentials. The contacts between neurons and glial cells display a very high level of spatial and temporal organization in myelinated fibers. The myelinating glial cells; oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS), and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), are wrapped around the axon, leaving the axolemma relatively uncovered at the regularly spaced nodes of Ranvier. The internodal glial membranes are fused to form compact myelin, whereas the cytoplasm-filled paranodal loops of myelinating cells are spirally wrapped around the axon at both sides of the nodes.
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Plumbago indica Plumbago zeylanica The species include herbaceous plants and shrubs growing to tall. The leaves are spirally arranged, simple, entire, long, with a tapered base and often with a hairy margin. The flowers are white, blue, purple, red, or pink, with a tubular corolla with five petal-like lobes; they are produced in racemes. The flower calyx has glandular trichomes (hairs), which secrete a sticky mucilage that is capable of trapping and killing insects; it is unclear what the purpose of these trichomes is; protection from pollination by way of "crawlers" (ants and other insects that typically do not transfer pollen between individual plants), or possible protocarnivory.
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The seed cones mature in 7–8 months to 2.5–4.5 cm long, ovoid to globose, with spirally arranged scales; each scale bears 3–5 seeds. They are often proliferous (with a vegetative shoot growing on beyond the tip of the cone) on cultivated trees; this is rare in wild trees, and may be a cultivar selected for easy vegetative propagation for use in forestry plantations. As the tree grows its trunk tends to sucker around the base, particularly following damage to the stem or roots, and it then may grow in a multi-trunked form. Brown bark of mature trees peels off in strips to reveal reddish-brown inner bark.
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The group consists mostly of fused and slumped broad plates and shallow dishes with upright or out-splayed rims or hemispherical bowls. Sub-groups of mosaic glass production are 'network' or 'lacework' hemispherical bowls and vessels with meandering or spiral decorative patterns that imitate onyx. Often these bowls had a rim formed of a single ‘network’ cane of spirally twisted threads which gives a 'striped' effect.Tatton-Brown and Andrews 2004 It is best represented in burial contexts from several large tombs in Canosa di Puglia (ancient Canusium) in Italy.Grose 1989 They are open vessels since they are made with a mould but still opaque, like the widely produced core-formed vessels.
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Species of the family Moniliformidae are usually pseudosegmented and have a cylindrical proboscis with longitudinal rows of hooks that have posteriorly directed roots. Moniliformidae are further characterized by the presence of a simple, double-walled proboscis receptacle with the outer wall having spirally aligned muscle fibers (with the exception of Australiformis), brain at posterior end of receptacle, and dorsal and ventral lacunar canals. The proboscis retractor muscles pierce both the posterior and ventral end or just posterior end of the receptacle. The cerebral ganglion is in the imd to posterior region, and the lemnisci are long and flat and not bound to the body wall.
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S. Petronio, Bologna In 1425 he accepted another major commission: the design of the round-arched Porta Magna of the San Petronio church in Bologna. It would keep him busy for a good deal of the last thirteen years of his life and it is considered his masterwork. Each side of the door is flanked, first by a colonette with a spirally wound decoration, then nine busts of prophets and at the end five scenes from the Old Testament, carved into somewhat lower relief. In the Creation of Adam, he uses the same arrangement as in the Fonte Gaia (in Siena), but in reverse order.
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Though a number of sources state that this species has been recorded from fossils which suggest that at one time it grew over much of the eastern United States and that it has existed for 165 million years; this is incorrect. Only two fossil examples are known of Torreya in eastern North America. The first was a species with dense, spirally arranged leaves described as Tunion carolinianum by Edward W. Berry in 1908 from the Mid-Cretaceous of North Carolina, the second is only known from a single piece of fossilised wood from the Upper Cretaceous, also from North Carolina, which has been described as Torreya antiqua.
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These chloroplasts of debatable pigmentation are likely the true identity of the structures originally defined as rhabdosomes, as these were also described as being grouped linearly in rows on the dorsal side of the cell and rhabdosomes have not been reported in future research. The nucleus of Torodinium, located in the centre of the cell, is extremely hard to recognize due to it being nearly see-through. This is caused by the transparent, though thick, chromatin threads spirally twisted inside. Once visualised, the nucleus has been found to be very elongated, approximately eight times as long as it is wide, with a very delicate membrane.
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That belt is most dense, pressurized, in the periphery as its pressure, when the rotor is not under load, will be a not much less then the (incoming) steam pressure. In a normal operational mode, that peripheral pressure, as Tesla noted, plays a role of BEMF (Back Electro Motive Force), limiting the flow of the incoming stream, and in this way the TT can be said to be self regulating. When the rotor is not under load the relative speeds between the "steam compressed spirals" (SCS, the steam spirally rotating between the disks) and the disks is minimal. When a load is applied on the TT shaft the slows down, i.e.
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By retaining insects that strike the web, these spirally designed threads allow a spider time to locate their prey. When an insect becomes entangled in the web, the spider climbs down to reach it from the trap line and ties it up in the web. If the spider is in need of food immediately, the insect is taken back to the retreat where the soft parts of the animal are eaten and the remaining parts thrown from the web. In June 1980, a field experiment was performed in Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Prince George's County, Maryland, to determine if food is a limiting resource for adult females of Metepeira labyrinthea.
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The leaves are spirally arranged; on young plants, they are awl-shaped, 3 to 8 mm long, and twisted at the base to lie spread to the sides of the shoot in a flat plane; on mature trees, they are scale-like, 1 to 3 mm long, and placed all round the shoot. The cones are highly modified, with the cone scales swelling at maturity into an orange to red, fleshy, aril with a single apical seed 3 to 5 mm in diameter. The seeds are dispersed by birds, which eat the fleshy scale and pass the seeds in their droppings. Before extensive logging, trees of 80 m height were known.
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This is a large, evergreen tree, up to 35 m tall and with a dbh of up to 100 cm. As with all other species of Magnolia, the twigs have stipules that enclose the twig tips and leave conspicuous circular scars after falling off. The leaves are spirally arranged, usually oblong, rather small for a Magnolia (usually 6-9 x 3-4.5 cm) and, like the other parts of the plant, almost completely glabrous. Only on the upper side of the petiole and on the lower side of the lamina, next to the midrib, there is a thin, but conspicuous line of brown hairs.
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The whorls show a conspicuous shoulder, above which a slightly concave spirally striate anal fasciole extends to the appressed suture, which on the last whorl or two shows indications of a marginal thickening. The axial sculpture consists of (on the body whorl, about fifteen) protractive short riblets with subequal or slightly shorter interspaces apparently confined to the periphery: these are crossed by t\ro strong spiral threads, the posterior largest and forming oblong tumid nodules at the intersections. The anterior thread is also but less conspicuously nodulous or undulated. The rest of the surface is covered with fine spiral threads, of which there are three between the two large ones above mentioned.
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Pinaceae: needle-like leaves and vegetative buds of Coast Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) Araucariaceae: Awl- like leaves of Cook Pine (Araucaria columnaris) In Abies grandis (grand fir), and many other species with spirally arranged leaves, leaf bases are twisted to flatten their arrangement and maximize light capture. Cupressaceae: scale leaves of Lawson's Cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana); scale in mm Since most conifers are evergreens, the leaves of many conifers are long, thin and have a needle-like appearance, but others, including most of the Cupressaceae and some of the Podocarpaceae, have flat, triangular scale-like leaves. Some, notably Agathis in Araucariaceae and Nageia in Podocarpaceae, have broad, flat strap-shaped leaves.
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Artemisia absinthium is a herbaceous perennial plant with fibrous roots. The stems are straight, growing to (sometimes even over 1.5 m, but rarely) tall, grooved, branched, and silvery-green. The leaves are spirally arranged, greenish-grey above and white below, covered with silky silvery-white trichomes, and bearing minute oil-producing glands; the basal leaves are up to long, bipinnate to tripinnate with long petioles, with the cauline leaves (those on the stem) smaller, long, less divided, and with short petioles; the uppermost leaves can be both simple and sessile (without a petiole). Its flowers are pale yellow, tubular, and clustered in spherical bent-down heads (capitula), which are in turn clustered in leafy and branched panicles.
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The Courtyard Shopping Centre has an entrance close to the midpoint of Letterkenny's Main Street. Located in central Letterkenny, close to the Library and Arts Centre on the Lower Main Street side and the Bank of Ireland on the Upper Main Street side, it also overlooks Pearse Street and Oliver Plunkett Street. The structure is built spirally on a slope so, if approached from the Main Street entrance, the visitor, when making their way through the complex, descends into the ground via a series of escalators. Letterkenny's oldest Eason's bookstore and Heatons, the department store in which billionaire retail entrepreneur and Newcastle United owner Mike Ashley has a 50% stake, are among the outlets to be found inside.
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Saussurea pygmaea Saussurea gossypiphora Saussurea obvallata Saussurea alpina with seeds Saussurea is a genus of about 300 species of flowering plants in the thistle tribe within the daisy family, native to cool temperate and arctic regions of East Asia, Europe, and North America, with the highest diversity in alpine habitats in the Himalayas and East Asia. Common names include saw-wort and snow lotus, the latter used for a number of high altitude species in East Asia. They are perennial herbaceous plants, ranging in height from dwarf alpine species 5–10 cm tall, to tall thistle-like plants up to 3 m tall. The leaves are produced in a dense basal rosette, and then spirally up the flowering stem.
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The body whorl is axially sculptured with12 nodose and rounded ribs, the second whorl 15, the third whorl 16. The other whorls contain three rounded, webbed varices with short, open spines and high ribs between the varices. The body whorl is spirally sculptured with five rather high, rounded cords, the second and third whorl with six or seven, the fourth with six to eight cords and one shallow thread between each pair of cords, the fifth whorl with 17–19 cords and threads and the last teleoconch whorl with nine or ten cords and shallow threads. The large, round to ovate, white aperture can be closed by a brown round to ovate operculum.
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The first heaters as described above were tubular, and were inserted over the hair which had been previously wound on to a form or curler. To facilitate this, after a preliminary preparation of the hair, such as washing, cutting or tapering, the hair was combed into up to about 22 sections or locks, a process known a sectioning or squaring off. Each lock of hair was then wound onto the curler (which was basically a rod standing perpendicular to the head), starting at the bottom using the hair nearest the scalp and proceeding spirally up the curler for the length of the lock. For this reason, the process was colloquially referred to as root winding.
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600-year-old Japanese Torreya nucifera (Saiho-ji, Sasayama, Hyogo) It grows to 15–25 m tall with a trunk up to 1.5 m diameter. The leaves are evergreen, needle-like, 2–3 cm long and 3 mm broad, with a sharply spined tip and two whitish stomatal bands on the underside; they are spirally arranged, but twisted at the base to lie horizontally either side of the stem. It is subdioecious, with individual trees producing either mostly male or mostly female cones, but usually with at least some cones of the other sex present. The male cones are globular, 5–6 mm diameter, in a double row along the underside of a shoot.
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The center of diversity of this genus is in the montane forests of Papua New Guinea (more than 600 species) which seems to be the evolutionary homeland, though the genus is pantropical and widespread, occurring in Australia, Southeast Asia (with over 200 species in Borneo), India, Madagascar (with 135 species, some endemic), Africa and in tropical central and South America. The erect to pendent inflorescence arises laterally from the base of the pseudobulb. The flower form has a basic structural blueprint that serves to identify this genus. But this form can be very diverse : compound or single, with few to many flowers, with the resupinate flowers arranged spirally or in two vertical ranks.
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The leaves are needle-like, among the longest of any fir, long, flattened in cross-section, glossy dark green above, with two whitish stomatal bands on the underside; they are arranged spirally on the shoots, but twisted at the base to lie in a flat plane either side of the shoot. The cones are broad cylindric-conic, long and broad, dark purple when young, disintegrating when mature to release the seeds 5–7 months after pollination. The closely related Gamble's fir occurs in the same area but on somewhat drier sites; it differs in shorter leaves 2–4 cm long with less obvious stomatal bands and arranged more radially round the shoot. The cones are very similar.
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An interactive object that reflects the relationship between people sitting together, the emotions of people at that time and the atmosphere of the place and the sofa changes its shape and expression directly. Its shape represents a spirally rising force and at the same time it is ergonomic and organic. It expresses the “quietness in motion”, which is composed of dynamic movements and at organized in an orderly line. The two unique elements can be combined in various ways to give rhythm and sense of life. 200x200px TOKI TABLE Side Table (Fiam Italia_Italy) 2003 Announced by a long-selling company by Fiam, known worldwide for furniture made by two-dimensional glass bending.
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Helophytes, rarely rheophytes, with thick creeping rhizome; leaf blade simple, ovate to almost linear, fine venation transverse-reticulate; spathe tube with connate margins; spadix entirely enclosed in spathe tube; flowers unisexual, perigone absent. Differs from Cryptocoryne in having female flowers spirally arranged (pseudo- whorl in Lagenandra nairii, whorled in Lagenandra gomezii) and free; spathe tube "kettle" with connate margins (containing spadix) occupying entire spathe tube; spathe blade usually opening only slightly by a straight or twisted slit; berries free, opening from base; leaf ptyxis involute.Simon J. Mayo, Josef Bogner, Peter C. Boyce: The Genera of Araceae. 1. published, Royal Botanic Gardens/ Kew Publishing, London 1997, (Full-text as PDF-file; Continental Printing, Belgium 1997).
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Other ancient methods involved wrapping wire around a mandrel (such as a stick or metal rod) or carving a tree branch that had been spirally wrapped by a vine. Various machine elements that potentially lent themselves to screw making (such as the lathe, the leadscrew, the slide rest, gears, slide rests geared direct to spindles, and "change gear" gear trains) were developed over the centuries, with some of those elements being quite ancient. Various sparks of inventive power during the Middle Ages and Renaissance combined some of these elements into screw-making machines that presaged the industrial era to follow. For example, various medieval inventors whose names are lost to history clearly worked on the problem, as shown by Wolfegg Castle's Medieval Housebook (written circa 1475–1490),.
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Some specimens have been interpreted as having been killed by humans based on the presence of spirally fractured bone fragments. None of the reported Camelops sites has been associated with stone tools, however, which would be an indicator of possible human use. At many of these Camelops sites, no fossils have been found of carcasses that were evidently processed, but rather small fragments and pieces of remains. Researchers originally thought that Camelops species were in fact hunted and butchered by early humans in North America because of these reasons: the fragmenting of bones into shapes that look like tools, damage or weathering of the “working” edge of said tools, having attributes that were similar to the making of chopping tools, and scarred fragments from possible chopping tools.
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Close-up of Huon pine foliage It is a slow-growing, but long- lived tree; some living specimens of this tree are in excess of 2000 years old. It grows to 10 to 20 m tall, exceptionally reaching 30 m, with arching branches and pendulous branchlets. The leaves are spirally arranged, very small and scale-like, 1 to 3 mm long, covering the shoots completely. It is dioecious, with male (pollen) and female (seed) cones on separate plants. The male cones are yellow, 5 to 8 mm long and 1 to 2 mm broad. The mature seed cones are highly modified, berry-like, with 5 to 10 lax, open scales which mature in 6–8 months, with one seed 2 to 2.5 mm long on each scale.
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Much as in The Metropolites, Mrs. Santa Claus appears in a dream of the author E. C. Gardner in his article "A Hickory Back-Log" in Good Housekeeping magazine (1887), with an even more detailed description of her dress: :She was dressed for traveling and for cold weather. Her hood was large and round and red but not smooth, — it was corrugated; that is to say, it consisted of a series of rolls nearly as large as my arm, passing over her head sidewise, growing smaller toward the back until they terminated in a big button that was embellished with a knot of green ribbon. Its general appearance was not unlike that of the familiar, pictorial beehive except that the rolls were not arranged spirally.
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It is ornamented with a series of minute red dots at the upper part of the whorls, just beneath the suture, and a second series on an angle at the middle of them, with a third series around the periphery of the last volution, and some rather larger spots around the umbilical region. There are seven whorls of which the first three or four are somewhat convex, with three coarse spiral lirae (fine linear elevations on the surface of the shell). The antepenultimate whorl is flat, sloping above, with an acute angle a little above the base, spirally lirated. The lirae are a little raised, with the exception of that at the angle and one immediately beneath the suture, which is very prettily beaded.
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In the Maya area he was approximately equivalent to Kukulkan and Gukumatz, names that also roughly translate as "feathered serpent" in different Mayan languages. Quetzalcoatl, the Aztec god of wind, air, and learning, wears around his neck the "wind breastplate" ehecailacocozcatl, "the spirally voluted wind jewel" made of a conch shell. This talisman was a conch shell cut at the cross-section and was likely worn as a necklace by religious rulers, as such objects have been discovered in burials in archaeological sites throughout Mesoamerica, and potentially symbolized patterns witnessed in hurricanes, dust devils, seashells, and whirlpools, which were elemental forces that had significance in Aztec mythology. Codex drawings pictured both Quetzalcoatl and Xolotl wearing an ehecailacocozcatl around the neck.
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Members of Lycopodiaceae are non-flowering and do not produce seeds, and instead they produce spores, which are oily and flammable spores and are the most economically important aspects of these plants. The plants bear their spores on specialized structures at the apex of a shoot called a strobilus (plural: strobili); they resemble a tiny battle club, from which the common name derives. They share a common feature of having a microphyll, which is a "small leaf with a single vein, and not associated with a leaf gap in the central vascular system." In Lycopodiaceae, the microphylls often densely cover the stem in a linear, scale-like, or appressed fashion to the stem, and the leaves are either opposite or spirally arranged.
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Amentotaxus formosana Amentotaxus is a genus of conifers (catkin-yews) comprising five species, treated in either the Cephalotaxaceae, or in the Taxaceae when that family is considered in a broad sense. The genus is endemic to subtropical Southeast Asia, from Taiwan west across southern China to Assam in the eastern Himalaya, and south to Vietnam. The species are evergreen shrubs and small trees reaching 2–15 m tall. The leaves are spirally arranged on the shoots, but twisted at the base to lie in two flat ranks (except on erect leading shoots); they are linear-lanceolate, 4–12 cm long and 6–10 mm broad, soft in texture, with a blunt tip, green above, and with two conspicuous white stomatal bands below.
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Collecting pollen There is little doubt that the morphological and behavioral similarities between E. tenax and the honey bee are mainly a result of convergent evolution in response to similar food-gathering requirements. Bees are common models for several Dipteran mimics They are similar in their general form, flight, and coloration. There are reports on the genetics of honeybees that show that the factors controlling the coloration are the same as the ones controlling the coloration in E. tenax. In both species branched hairs and spirally grooved bristles act as collectors and retainers of pollen, and leg-scraping that occurs during hovering allows the transfer of pollen to take place, from hind legs to front legs in E. tenax, and in the reverse direction in honey bees.
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Faliscan Commanders Crested Helmet 8th century BCE, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Faliscan Commanders Crested Helmet Detail, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Spirally grooved amphora Etruscan Narce Tomb, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Dish Narce 7th Century BCE, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Dish Narce 7th Century BCE, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Narce was a Faliscan settlement in Italy located 5 kilometers south of Falerii (modern Civita Castellana). Its residents spoke an Italic language related to Latin.Turfa 2005, p.13 It was inhabited from the 2nd millennium to the 3rd century B.C. The ancient name of the settlement is uncertain, but it may have been called Fescennium.
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The subsequent whorls show between the suture and the shoulder five or six fine, sharp, spiral threads with wider interspaces, which arenot beaded by the concavely arcuate growth lines which are prominent on the fasciole. At the shoulder is a weak spiral ridge, followed by five stronger ones, subequal and equidistant with wider interspaces. On a sixth similar ridge the suture is wound, followed by, on the base, about thirty similar but less prominent ridges which gradually diminish in size and strength, and approximate more closely to each other until the siphonal canal is reached. Over all these ridges and interspaces fine sharp threads run spirally, as on the fasciole and are perhaps a little more prominent on the ridges, where they are rendered more or less scabrous by the elevated lines of growth.
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It is a medium-sized evergreen coniferous tree growing to 20 m tall, similar to Taxus baccata and sometimes treated as a subspecies of it. The shoots are green at first, becoming brown after three or four years. The leaves are thin, flat, slightly falcate (sickle-shaped), 1.5–2.7 cm long and 2 mm broad, with a softly mucronate apex; they are arranged spirally on the shoots but twisted at the base to appear in two horizontal ranks on all except for erect lead shoots. It is dioecious, with the male and female cones on separate plants; the seed cone is highly modified, berry-like, with a single scale developing into a soft, juicy red aril 1 cm diameter, containing a single dark brown seed 7 mm long.
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Ion channels in sperm physiology. Physiol. Rev 79, 481-510 The change in cell volume which alters intracellular ion concentration can also contribute to the activation of sperm motility. In some mammals, sperm motility is activated by increase in pH, calcium ion and cAMP, yet it is suppressed by low pH in the epididymis. The tail of the sperm - the flagellum - confers motility upon the sperm, and has three principal components: # a central skeleton constructed of 11 microtubules collectively termed the axoneme and similar to the equivalent structure found in cilia # a thin cell membrane covering the axoneme # mitochondria arranged spirally around it the axoneme, Back and forth movement of the tail results from a rhythmical longitudinal sliding motion between the anterior and posterior tubules that make up the axoneme.
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Pherosphaera hookeriana is a densely-branched erect shrub or small tree growing to heights of 5 meters, branches are often small and rigid with leaves arranged spirally and fully appressed to the stem. Individual leaves can measure up to 1.5 millimetres (mm) long, and 1 mm wide, leaves are thick, blunt and concave with a rounded keel. Male flowers in compressed, terminal globular cones, ranging from 1–5 mm in diameter, with 8 to 15 fertile scales, each scale has two pollen sacs on the abaxial surface. Female flowers occur in cones on short branches that usually droop (hence the old common name) flowers are globular ranging from 2–4 mm long and have 3-8 fertile scales, with a single ovule on the upper surface of each scale.
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The common name "limpet" also is applied to a number of not very closely related groups of sea snails and freshwater snails (aquatic gastropod mollusks). Thus the common name "limpet" has very little taxonomic significance in and of itself; the name is applied not only to true limpets (the Patellogastropoda), but also to all snails that have a simple shell that is broadly conical in shape, and either is not spirally coiled, or appears not to be coiled in the adult snail. In other words, the shell of all limpets is "patelliform", which means the shell is shaped more or less like the shell of most true limpets. The term "false limpets" is used for some (but not all) of these other groups that have a conical shell.
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Hirotaka Takeuchi and Ikujiro Nonaka introduced the term scrum in the context of product development in their 1986 Harvard Business Review article, 'The New New Product Development Game'. Takeuchi and Nonaka later argued in The Knowledge Creating Company that it is a form of "organizational knowledge creation, [...] especially good at bringing about innovation continuously, incrementally and spirally". The authors described a new approach to commercial product development that would increase speed and flexibility, based on case studies from manufacturing firms in the automotive, photocopier and printer industries. They called this the holistic or rugby approach, as the whole process is performed by one cross-functional team across multiple overlapping phases, in which the team "tries to go the distance as a unit, passing the ball back and forth".
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The pond, dug out in a crater-like, ovoid form and topped with a round wooden walkway and magenta-coloured Stalattite sculpture by Jacopo Foggini, is styled on runic exercise “funnels” that were dug into the ground for gymnastics practice and entailed considerable earth movement. A three- legged copper funnel with a bell-shaped and spirally swirling waterflow brings vitality to the biotope. Set on a ledge between the two large bat nesting boxes in front of the upstairs bedroom windows are a large number of short logs with thousands upon thousands of holes on the end grain side to form possible dwellings for insects. Elsewhere a canopied clay egg almost 2 meters high with holes cut into its surface may be considered a home for solitary bees and a nesting site for other insects.
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It has 13 to 32 pinnate, glaucous to dark-green coloured leaves arching down towards the trunk and arranged spirally around the crown. The petiole is 30–75 cm long, 1-1.2 cm thick, 3.3-3.9 cm wide, and has both stiff rigid fibres and spines up to 5 cm long along the margins (edges) of the petiole. The top of the petiole is flat or slightly convex, the underside is rounded. The rachis of the leaf is 70–200 cm long and has 35 to 60, exceptionally 66, pairs of pinnae (leaflets). Unlike other species of Butia (except B. catariensis), these are inserted in groups of 2 to 4 at slightly divergent angels along the rachis, but without giving the leaf a plumose aspect such as in Syagrus.
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Flora of China: Abies nephrolepis It is a medium-sized evergreen coniferous tree growing to 30 m tall with a trunk up to 1.2 m diameter and a narrow conic to columnar crown. The bark is grey-brown, smooth on young trees, becoming fissured on old trees. The leaves are flat needle-like, 10–30 mm long and 1.5–2 mm broad, green above, and with two dull greenish-white stomatal bands below; they are spirally arranged, but twisted at the base to lie flattened either side of and forwards across the top of the shoots. The cones are 4.5–7 cm (rarely to 9.5 cm) long and 2–3 cm broad, green or purplish ripening grey- brown, and often very resinous; the tips of the bract scales are slightly exserted between the seed scales.
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The archiepiscopal palace and monastic buildings on the south side were of great size and magnificence, and were surrounded by a massive precinct wall, crowned at intervals by twelve towers. This has been mostly rebuilt, and but little now remains except ruins of some of the towers, a great part of the monks' dormitory and frater, and the splendid cloister, completed about 1200. The latter is well preserved, and is one of the finest Italian cloisters now extant both for size and beauty of detail. It is about 2,200 m2, with pointed arches decorated with diaper work, supported on pairs of columns in white marble, 216 in all, which were alternately plain and decorated by bands of patterns in gold and colors, made of glass tesserae, arranged either spirally or vertically from end to end of each shaft.
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Spirally sliding one-handed down the pole of the other chair, Bugs receives the traditional barber's gratuity from the dazed Elmer, then throws him in a revolving door to further daze him and, as Elmer staggers back out, waltzes him back into the barber's chair. Before Bugs' third go-round with the scalp, he opens one of Elmer's boots with a can opener and does a pedicure using hedge clippers, file, and red paint. That is followed by pouring hair restorer on Elmer's face, then shaving off the resulting beard with a miniature mower and, finally, a masque for the face using 'beauty clay', which Bugs handles like cement. Then it's back to the scalp as Bugs thoroughly massages it with his hands and ears after adding hair tonic, then "Figaro Fertilizer", causing hair to grow which sprouts into flowers.
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In the Northern half of the chamber were found the remains of the buried. In the burial chamber were found more than 4 thousand gold items, an iron sword and dagger, a bronze mirror, clay, metal and wooden vessels, shoes and headdress, gold rings, statuettes, bronze and gold weapons, various vessels, a silver bowl with 26 written signs dating from the VI-V century BC. Many gold ornaments of clothing, headdress, and shoes found on and under the remains. Next to the remains found an arrow with a gold tip, a whip, the handle of which spirally wrapped with a wide gold ribbon, and a bag containing a bronze mirror and red paint. According to the research of scientists, in particular the anthropologist O. I. Ismagulov, remains belong to the Saks of Semirecheye a European appearance with an admixture of Mongoloid features.
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The subsequent whorls are slightly convex, separated by a linear, indistinct suture, bordered by a narrow excavation. The sculpture consists of rounded ribs, on a little more than 4 following whorls, disappearing on lower whorls. They are all crossed by spiral lirae, 9 in number on penultimate whorl, of which one borders the suture, another the excavation, about 30 on the body whorl and the siphonal canal, besides a few intermediate ones on this body whorl, scarcely appreciable on the upper ones. These lirae produce a cancellation on the upper 4 post-nuclear whorls (hence the name); moreover there are numerous finer spiral lines between the principal ones, making the whole shell spirally striated, crossed by more or less conspicuous growth- striae, strongly incised at intervals, closer on last part of the body whorl, making the principal lirae nearly beaded.
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A leaf whorl consists of at least three elements; a pair of opposite leaves is not called a whorl. The morphology of most flowering plants is based on four types of whorls: # The calyx: zero or more whorls of sepals at the base # The corolla: zero or more whorls of petals above the calyx # The androecium: zero or more whorls of stamens, each comprising a filament and an anther # The gynoecium: zero or more whorls of carpels, each consisting of an ovary, a style, and a stigma A flower lacking any of these floral structures is said to be incomplete or imperfect. Not all flowers consist of whorls since the parts may instead be spirally arranged, as in the family Magnoliaceae. For leaves to grow in whorls is fairly unusual except in plant species with very short internodes.
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Mature trembling aspen trees (Populus tremuloides) with young regeneration in foreground, in Fairbanks, Alaska The genus has a large genetic diversity, and can grow from tall, with trunks up to in diameter. Populus × canadensis The bark on young trees is smooth, white to greenish or dark grey, and often has conspicuous lenticels; on old trees, it remains smooth in some species, but becomes rough and deeply fissured in others. The shoots are stout, with (unlike in the related willows) the terminal bud present. The leaves are spirally arranged, and vary in shape from triangular to circular or (rarely) lobed, and with a long petiole; in species in the sections Populus and Aigeiros, the petioles are laterally flattened, so that breezes easily cause the leaves to wobble back and forth, giving the whole tree a "twinkling" appearance in a breeze.
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Calenders can also be applied to materials other than paper when a smooth, flat surface is desirable, such as cotton, linens, silks, and various man-made fabrics and polymers such as vinyl and ABS polymer sheets, and to a lesser extent HDPE, polypropylene and polystyrene. The calender is also an important processing machine in the rubber industries, especially in the manufacture of tires, where it is used for the inner layer and fabric layer. Calendering can also be used for polishing, or making uniform, coatings applied to substrates- an older use was in polishing magnetic tapes, for which the contact roller rotates much faster than the web speed. More recently, it is used in the production of certain types of secondary battery cells (such as spirally-wound or prismatic Lithium-ion cells) to achieve uniform thickness of electrode material coatings on current collector foils.
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They are trees reaching up to 30 m height and 70 cm in diameter. The heartwood is dark green. Leaves alternate, simple, spirally arranged, obovate, coriaceous, measuring from 14,4 to 25,5 cm long and from 15 to 29,2 cm broad; short and tomentose pubescence on the bottom, much more noticeable in the main vein, and can be felt by touching it; the stipules are large and covered with short and soft pubescence. The flowers are cream color, with a bract on the flower bud covered with a short and deciduous indumentum; they have three sepals and eight thick petals. The fruits are elliptical and asymmetric, measuring from 4,2 to 6,7 cm large and from 3,2 to 3,6 cm broad; the central axis of the fruit has a length of 4,5 to 5,3 cm and 1,4 to 1,7 cm wide; opens irregularly due to the detachment of its carpels.
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The leaves are spirally arranged on the shoots, but twisted at the base to lie in two flat ranks (except on erect leading shoots); they are linear, 4–12 cm long and 3–4 mm broad, soft in texture, with a blunt tip; this helps distinguish them from the related genus Torreya, which has spine-tipped leaves. The species can be either monoecious or dioecious; when monoecious, the male and female cones are often on different branches. The male (pollen) cones are 5–8 mm long, grouped in lines along the underside of a shoot. The female (seed) cones are single or grouped two to 15 together on short stems; minute at first, they mature in about 18 months to a drupe-like structure with the single large nut-like seed 1.5–4 cm long surrounded by a fleshy covering, green to purple at full maturity.
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In 1922, Thomas MacBride published his second edition of The North American Slime Moulds, the monograph in which he first describes the Trichida order. In this book, the genus Hemitrichia is described as having the “[c]apillitium a tangled net of more or less branching and [cross-connecting] fibres” as well as detail about the capillitium threads, which are “conspicuous spirally winding bands or ridges”. “The Myxomycetes” by G.W Martin and C. Alexpoulous, a monograph considered to be one of the most important and influential works on the plasmodial slime molds, describes the genus as having a capillitium with tube-like threads that are connected into a net, with either free or connected free ends, and decorated with several spiral bands. Martin and Alexpoulous’ monograph also mentions that the genus includes some species that would also fit well under two other Trichia genera: the Arcyria and Trichia.
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Each is inlaid overall with panels depicting buildings, trees and flowers, surrounded by borders of scrolling foliage, with triangular open pediment above a frieze drawer and three pigeon-holes and three drawers flanked by doors enclosing two pigeon-holes and three drawers, above a hinged flap enclosing a fitted interior of pigeon-holes and drawers divided by column-drawers, above a long drawer fitted with divisions, on bracket feet, the interior and carcase in satinwood, on a rounded rectangular stand with solid three-quarter gallery above a reeded frieze, on spirally-fluted tapering legs and ring-turned tapering feet, minor variations in size and decoration, the pediment now positioned at the rear edge. These engraved bureau-cabinets, serving as portable desk jewel-case and dressing-box, are designed as a miniature 'desk and bookcase' with Roman-temple pediment. Engraved tablets, wreathed by floral 'chintz' fashioned borders, portray magnificent villa landscapes.
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Taxus cuspidata, the Japanese yew or spreading yew, is a member of the genus Taxus, native to Japan, Korea, northeast China and the extreme southeast of Russia. It is an evergreen tree or large shrub growing to 10–18 m tall, with a trunk up to 60 cm diameter. The leaves are lanceolate, flat, dark green, 1–3 cm long and 2–3 mm broad, arranged spirally on the stem, but with the leaf bases twisted to align the leaves in two flattish rows either side of the stem except on erect leading shoots where the spiral arrangement is more obvious. The seed cones are highly modified, each cone containing a single seed 4–8 mm long partly surrounded by a modified scale which develops into a soft, bright red berry-like structure called an aril, 8–12 mm long and wide and open at the end.
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Ionic capital of the Erechtheion, with rotated volute at the corner Plate of the Ionic order, from Les Ruines des plus beaux monuments de la Grèce, made in 1770 by alt= In the Ionic capital, spirally coiled volutes are inserted between the abacus and the ovolo. This order appears to have been developed contemporaneously with the Doric, though it did not come into common usage and take its final shape until the mid-5th century BC. The style prevailed in Ionian lands, centred on the coast of Asia Minor and Aegean islands. The order's form was far less set than the Doric, with local variations persisting for many decades. In the Ionic capitals of the archaic Temple of Artemis at Ephesus (560 BC) the width of the abacus is twice that of its depth, consequently the earliest Ionic capital known was virtually a bracket capital.
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The plants are annual or perennial, growing emersed, floating-leaved, or seasonally submersed, leaves glabrous to stellate-pubescent; rhizomes present or absent; stolons absent; corms absent; tubers absent. Roots not septate. Leaves sessile or petiolate; petioles triangular, rarely terete; blade with translucent markings as dots or lines present or absent, linear to lanceolate to ovate, base attenuate to cordate, margins entire or undulating, apex obtuse to acute. Inflorescences racemes or panicles, rarely umbels, of 1-18 whorls, erect or decumbent, emersed; bracts coarse, apex obtuse to acute, surfaces smooth or papillose along veins, apex obtuse to acute. Flowers bisexual, subsessile to pedicellate; bracts subtending pedicels, subulate to lanceolate, shorter than to longer than pedicels, apex obtuse to acute; pedicels ascending to recurved; receptacle convex; sepals recurved to spreading, herbaceous to leathery, sculpturing absent; petals white, entire; stamens 9-25; filaments linear, glabrous; pistils 15-250 or more, spirally arranged on convex receptacle, forming head, distinct; ovules 1; style terminal or lateral.
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Zantedeschia aethiopica, showing convolute spathe wound around bud Base of tussock of Thamnochortus species, showing convolute leaf sheaths Cross section through budding spadix and convolute spathe of Zantedeschia aethiopica Convolute as a verb literally means to "roll together" or "roll around", from the Latin convolvere. In general application the word can mean to "tangle" or "complicate", but in botanical descriptions convolute usually is an adjective from the Latin convolutus, meaning "rolled around".Jackson, Benjamin, Daydon; A Glossary of Botanic Terms with their Derivation and Accent; Published by Gerald Duckworth & Co. London, 4th ed 1928 It commonly refers to a special class of imbricate structures -- those where the overlapping edges of leaves, scales or similar elements are spirally wrapped, each scale having one edge within the previous scale and one outside the next scale. In the family Restionaceae the leaf sheaths commonly are convolute in this sense.Dyer, R. Allen, The Genera of Southern African Flowering Plants”.
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Gloriosa are herbaceous perennials that climb or scramble over other plants with the aid of tendrils at the ends of their leaves and can reach 3 meters in height. They have showy flowers, many with distinctive and pronouncedly reflexed petals, like a Turk's cap lily, ranging in colour from a greenish-yellow through yellow, orange, red and sometimes even a deep pinkish-red. "Scandent herbs, the rootstock a horizontal rhizome, the stem leafy, the leaves spirally arranged or subopposite, the upper ones with cirrhose tips; flowers solitary, large, borne on long, spreading pedicels, actinomorphic, hermaphrodite; perianth segments 6, free, lanceolate, keeled within at base, long-persistent; stamens 6, hypogynous, the anthers extrorse, medifixed and versatile, opening by longitudinal slits; ovary superior, 3-celled, the carpels cohering only by their inner margins, the ovules numerous, the style deflected at base and projecting from the flower more or less horizontally; fruit a loculicidal capsule with many seeds"Smith, Albert C. 1979. Flora Vitiensis nova: A new flora of Fiji (Spermatophytes only).
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Seedlings of Fraser fir (blue-green, longer needles) and red spruce (green, shorter needles) Close-up view of Fraser fir foliage Abies fraseri is a small evergreen coniferous tree typically growing between 30 and 50 feet (10–15 m) tall, but rarely to 80 ft (25 m), with a trunk diameter of 16 to 20 inches (40–50 cm), but rarely 30 in (75 cm). The crown is conical, with straight branches either horizontal or angled upward at 40° from the trunk; it is dense when the tree is young and more open in maturity. The bark is thin, smooth, grayish brown, and has numerous resinous blisters on juvenile trees, becoming fissured and scaly in maturity. The leaves are needle-like; arranged spirally on the twigs but twisted at their bases to form 2 rows on each twig; they are 0.4–0.9 inches (10–23 mm) long and 79–87 mil (2–2.2 mm) broad; flat; flexible; rounded or slightly notched at their apices (tips); dark to glaucous green adaxially (above); often having a small patch of stomata near their apices; and having two silvery white stomatal bands abaxially (on their undersides).
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The seedlings usually have two cotyledons, but in some species up to six. The pollen cones are more uniform in structure across the family, 1–20 mm long, with the scales again arranged spirally, decussate (opposite) or whorled, depending on the genus; they may be borne singly at the apex of a shoot (most genera), in the leaf axils (Cryptomeria), in dense clusters (Cunninghamia and Juniperus drupacea), or on discrete long pendulous panicle-like shoots (Metasequoia and Taxodium). Cupressaceae is a widely distributed conifer family, with a near-global range in all continents except for Antarctica, stretching from 71°N in arctic Norway (Juniperus communis) south to 55°S in southernmost Chile (Pilgerodendron uviferum), while Juniperus indica reaches 5200 m altitude in Tibet, the highest altitude reported for any woody plant. Most habitats on land are occupied, with the exceptions of polar tundra and tropical lowland rainforest (though several species are important components of temperate rainforests and tropical highland cloud forests); they are also rare in deserts, with only a few species able to tolerate severe drought, notably Cupressus dupreziana in the central Sahara.
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