Archaeologists use flotation to separate material from soil, using water and sieves.
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This filter is massively important because it sieves chaos and finds the truth.
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The shells that the researchers found were opened and their contents run through sieves.
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During an excavation in 1949, archaeologists using mesh sieves dug up dozens of seashells.
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And sieves were used to strain milk after being separated into curds and whey.
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They also uncovered sieves that appeared to be used for processing cheese and other fermented dairy.
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"What we call attention is a hierarchical system of sieves that operate unconsciously," the researchers write.
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Like baleen whales, flamingos are filter feeders, and their distinctively crooked bills act as elaborate sieves.
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"The symbol conceals three crossed swastikas - or twelve sieves arranged in a circle," the news outlet reported.
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Nobody's stingier after a timeout, per Synergy Sports, and even units seemingly staffed with sieves get the job done.
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Slotted spoons, sieves and colanders may be associated with draining spaghetti, but they're also perfect for watching a partial eclipse.
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These feed by filtering small organisms such as krill from the water, using hairy plates (made of tissue called baleen) as sieves.
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Graphene membranes also swell in size when immersed in water — meaning smaller sieves were required in order to block these common salts.
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First up, coat your schnitzel in plenty of flour — Figlmüller sieves and replaces it often to ensure each schnitzel gets a fresh coating.
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The researchers used water and mesh sieves to extract hair from the larger samples and manually took out bones, claws, feathers and plants.
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This kind of filtering is very different from the sieves and nets that human technology uses to separate out particles of a certain size.
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If their filters work like sieves, then they must get clogged over time, like all similar systems, from vacuum cleaners to your water-filter pitcher.
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But plenty of simple bots that appear to be foreign controlled still slip through the companies' automated sieves, experts say, further endangering the already-precarious coming elections.
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He began leasing and servicing industrial sieves for the construction, forestry and waste management industries in 2000 and later began manufacturing them, establishing Zemmler Siebanlagen GmbH in 2010.
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In other tweets on Friday evening, Grassley questioned who in the White House was "leaking info" from private meetings, remarking that "the FBI leaks like sieves" when concerning Trump.
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Other methods exist, notably vapor infusion, whereby the botanicals, rather than macerating in the alcohol and water, are hung above, in sieves or baskets, through which the steam ascends.
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There are no sieves, no bad CLO's, no bad CDO's, no subprime to speak of, in a whole bunch of categories, much less leveraging the banking system and the nonbank system.
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"Pathogens - or harmful organisms - are removed from the water using a membrane which essentially sieves out harmful particles in the water," said Paige Albyn, one of the GreenSource coordinators in South Africa.
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Modern baleen whales — like the blue whale or the humpback whale — catch their food by taking in vast quantities of water into their mouths, and expelling the water through keratin sieves called baleen.
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My guess is that Facebook is likely also thinking that the Mueller investigation is a tighter ship and less likely to leak details of the ads whereas Congressional staffers could leak like sieves.
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In a meeting the next day, Sanders admonished her team of sieves and added for good measure that "I'm sure this conversation is going to leak, too," which naturally ensured you-know-what.
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Through a series of steps that take place in more than a dozen buildings, the resulting pinkish powder was funneled through oversize sieves into boxes on a conveyor belt and baked at 1,000 degrees Celsius.
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"Those sieves are going down to a six mm size so that we guarantee that we can pick up small fragments of bone, teeth, any identifiable part of the human body we will pick up at that stage," he said.
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The angry Democrats who were working for Mueller, they put Governor McDonnell in jail for taking a couple little trinkets, FBI agents selling out and leaking like sieves and statement of Strzok, we&aposre going to stop Donald Trump and he&aposs put in charge the Russia investigation.
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Religious-like adherence to the times-through-the-order penalty—the notion that each time a hitter sees the same pitcher in a game he is that much more likely to figure him out—is the kind of tradition-eschewing practice that sieves the genuine iconoclasts from the pretenders.
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If J is the topology defined by a pretopology, and if u commutes with fibered products, then u is continuous if and only if it sends covering sieves to covering sieves and if and only if it sends covering families to covering families. In general, it is not sufficient for u to send covering sieves to covering sieves (see SGA IV 3, 1.9.3).
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Several Lehmer sieves are on display at the Computer History Museum. Since then, the same basic idea has been used to design sieves in integrated circuits or software.
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It is specialized in the producing and selling of sieves.
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For low boiling azeotropes, the volatile component cannot be fully purified by distillation. To obtain the pure material one must "break the azeotrope", which involves a separation method that does not rely on distillation. A common approach involves the use of molecular sieves. Treatment of 96% ethanol with molecular sieves gives the anhydrous alcohol, the sieves having adsorbed water from the mixture.
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Photon sieves provide a relatively easy way to achieve tailored optical apodization.
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The sieves can be subsequently regenerated by dehydration using a vacuum oven.
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3Å molecular sieves do not adsorb molecules whose diameters are larger than 3 Å. The characteristics of these molecular sieves include fast adsorption speed, frequent regeneration ability, good crushing resistance and pollution resistance. These features can improve both the efficiency and lifetime of the sieve. 3Å molecular sieves are the necessary desiccant in petroleum and chemical industries for refining oil, polymerization, and chemical gas-liquid depth drying. 3Å molecular sieves are used to dry a range of materials, such as ethanol, air, refrigerants, natural gas and unsaturated hydrocarbons.
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The corn falls out of the threshing drum (and out of the straw walkers) onto the pan, from where it gets onto the sieves. The E 514 has two sieves, the adjustable top sieve (1.85 m2), and the fixed bottom sieve (1.17 m2). The cleaning fan that blows over the sieves is driven with a CVT, its speed can be adjusted from 242 to 775 min−1.
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Five ångström molecular sieves are stored at room temperature, with a relative humidity less than 90% in cardboard barrels or carton packaging. The molecular sieves should not be directly exposed to the air and water, acids and alkalis should be avoided.
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The grain is cleaned twice with sieves measuring 920 mm × 1070 mm. An elevator transports the cleaned grain to a sorting cylinder on the roof. It sorts three quality grades of grain. For some fruit types, special sorting sieves were offered.
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Molecular sieves are often utilized in the petroleum industry, especially for drying gas streams. For example, in the liquid natural gas (LNG) industry, the water content of the gas needs to be reduced to less than 1 ppmv to prevent blockages caused by ice. In the laboratory, molecular sieves are used to dry solvent. "Sieves" have proven to be superior to traditional drying techniques, which often employ aggressive desiccants.
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A Lehmer sieve - a primitive digital computer once used for finding primes and solving simple Diophantine equations. Lehmer sieves are mechanical devices that implement sieves in number theory. Lehmer sieves are named for Derrick Norman Lehmer and his son Derrick Henry Lehmer. The father was a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley at the time, and his son followed in his footsteps as a number theorist and professor at Berkeley.
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Helmut, D. Gel Chromatography, Gel Filtration, Gel Permeation, Molecular Sieves: A Laboratory Handbook; Springer-Verlag, 1969.
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The other advantage of using beaded molecular sieves is bulk density is usually higher than other shape, thus for same adsorption requirement molecular sieve volume required is less. Thus while doing de-bottlenecking you may use beaded molecular sieves, load more adsorbent in same volume, and avoid any vessel modifications.
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Let C be any category. To define the discrete topology, we declare all sieves to be covering sieves. If C has all fibered products, this is equivalent to declaring all families to be covering families. To define the indiscrete topology, also known as the coarse or chaotic topology,SGA IV, II 1.1.4.
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In 1956 Flanigen began working on molecular sieves. Molecular sieves are crystal compounds with molecular sized pores that can filter or separate very complex substances. Edith Flanigen is best known as the inventor of zeolite Y, a specific molecular sieve. Zeolite Y was a certain type of molecular sieve that could refine petroleum.
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However, most often it is used as a skimming tool to add or remove foods from hot liquids such as water or oil. Spiders may be somewhat flat and round or small round spoon-like utensils shaped into the form of an open basket. They may also be referred to as sieves, spoon sieves, spoon skimmers, or basket skimmers.
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The Fineness Modulus (FM) is an empirical figure obtained by adding the total percentage of the sample of an aggregate retained on each of a specified series of sieves, and dividing the sum by 100. Sieves sizes are: 150-μm (No. 100), 300-μm (No. 50), 600-μm (No. 30), 1.18-mm (No. 16), 2.36-mm (No.
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Sieves are also used to separate stones from sand. Sieving plays an important role in food industries where sieves (often vibrating) are used to prevent the contamination of the product by foreign bodies. The design of the industrial sieve is of primary importance here. Triage sieving refers to grouping people according to their severity of injury.
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PSD is usually defined by the method by which it is determined. The most easily understood method of determination is sieve analysis, where powder is separated on sieves of different sizes. Thus, the PSD is defined in terms of discrete size ranges: e.g. "% of sample between 45 μm and 53 μm", when sieves of these sizes are used.
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The U.S. FDA has as of April 1, 2012 approved sodium aluminosilicate for direct contact with consumable items under 21 CFR 182.2727. Prior to this approval Europe had used molecular sieves with pharmaceuticals and independent testing suggested that molecular sieves meet all government requirements but the industry had been unwilling to fund the expensive testing required for government approval.
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Mills of various types were built along the streams and the Gilbert and Bennett Manufacturing Co. began producing wire sieves in 1834.
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The men among the Kowli worked as tinkers, smiths, musicians, and monkey and bear handlers; they also made baskets, sieves, and brooms and dealt in donkeys. Their women made a living from peddling, begging, and fortune- telling. The Ghorbat among the Basseri were smiths and tinkers, traded in pack animals, and made sieves, reed mats, and small wooden implements. In the Fārs region, the Qarbalband, the Kuli, and Luli were reported to work as smiths and to make baskets and sieves; they also dealt in pack animals, and their women peddled various goods among pastoral nomads.
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4Å molecular sieves are widely used to dry laboratory solvents. They can absorb water and other molecules with a critical diameter less than 4 Å such as NH3, H2S, SO2, CO2, C2H5OH, C2H6, and C2H4. It is widely used in the drying, refining and purification of liquids and gases (such as the preparation of argon). Bottle of 4Å molecular sieves.
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Molecular sieves are available in different shape and sizes. But the spherical beads have advantage over other shapes as they offer lower pressure drop, are attrition resistant as they do not have any sharp edges, and have good strength, i.e. crush force required per unit area is higher. Certain beaded molecular sieves offer lower heat capacity thus lower energy requirements during regeneration.
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Apart from distillation, ethanol may be dried by addition of a desiccant, such as molecular sieves, cellulose, and cornmeal. The desiccants can be dried and reused. Molecular sieves can be used to selectively absorb the water from the 95.6% ethanol solution. Synthetic zeolite in pellet form can be used, as well as a variety of plant-derived absorbents, including cornmeal, straw, and sawdust.
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In number theory, the parity problem refers to a limitation in sieve theory that prevents sieves from giving good estimates in many kinds of prime- counting problems. The problem was identified and named by Atle Selberg in 1949. Beginning around 1996, John Friedlander and Henryk Iwaniec developed some parity-sensitive sieves that make the parity problem less of an obstacle.
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Much definitive work on wheel factorization, sieves using wheel factorization, and wheel sieve, was done by Paul PritchardPritchard, Paul, "Linear prime-number sieves: a family tree," Sci. Comput. Programming 9:1 (1987), pp. 17–35.Paul Pritchard, A sublinear additive sieve for finding prime numbers, Communications of the ACM 24 (1981), 18–23. Paul Pritchard, Explaining the wheel sieve, Acta Informatica 17 (1982), 477–485.
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In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a sieve is a way of choosing arrows with a common codomain. It is a categorical analogue of a collection of open subsets of a fixed open set in topology. In a Grothendieck topology, certain sieves become categorical analogues of open covers in topology. Sieves were introduced by in order to reformulate the notion of a Grothendieck topology.
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The oxidation generates water that can be removed by adding molecular sieves. TPAP is expensive, but it can be used in catalytic amounts. The catalytic cycle is maintained by adding a stoichiometric amount of a co-oxidant such as N-methylmorpholine N-oxide or molecular oxygen. Oxidation of alcohol to aldehyde with TPAP (0.06 eq.) and N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (1.7 eq.) with molecular sieves in dichloromethane.
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4Å molecular sieves can purify sewage of cationic species such as ammonium ions, Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+. Due to the high selectivity for NH4+ they have been successfully applied in the field to combat eutrophication and other effects in waterways due to excessive ammonium ions. 4Å molecular sieves have also been used to remove heavy metal ions present in water due to industrial activities.
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They are unlikely to have dwelt in fresh or brackish water. Many ammonites were likely filter feeders, so adaptations associated with this lifestyle like sieves probably occurred.
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Initially, sieve-type amtomisers were used for the injections nozzles, until the sieves were widely replaced by discs. Also, ring-type atomisers were used for some engines.
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The remaining contents were soaked overnight in hot water, if necessary, or elutriated directly through a series of sieves to remove soft tissue and retain hard parts.
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Edith Marie Flanigen (born January 28, 1929) is a noted American chemist, known for her work on synthesis of emeralds, and later zeolites for molecular sieves at Union Carbide.
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These methods can be dangerous and are a common cause of lab fires. More modern techniques include the use of molecular sieves or a column purification system. Molecular sieves are far more effective than most common methods for drying solvents and are safer and require no special equipment for handling. Column solvent purification devices (generally referred to as Grubb's columns) recently became available, reducing the hazards (water reactive substances, heat) from the classical dehydrating methods.
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In blood analysis, white blood cells, platelets, bacteria, and plasma must be separated. Sieves, weirs, inertial confinement, and flow diversion devices are some approaches used in preparing blood plasma for cell-free analysis. Sieves can be microfabricated with high-aspect-ratio columns or posts, but are only suitable for low loading to avoid clogging with cells. Weirs are shallow mesa- like sections used to restrict flow to narrow slots between layers without posts.
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3Å molecular sieves are stored at room temperature, with a relative humidity not more than 90%. They are sealed under reduced pressure, being kept away from water, acids and alkalis.
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Moonshine is usually distilled to 40% ABV, and seldom above 66% based on 48 samples. However, ethanol can be dried to 95% ABV (rectified spirit) with a column of 3A molecular sieves.
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A prime sieve or prime number sieve is a fast type of algorithm for finding primes. There are many prime sieves. The simple sieve of Eratosthenes (250s BCE), the sieve of Sundaram (1934), the still faster but more complicated sieve of Atkin (2004), and various wheel sieves are most common. A prime sieve works by creating a list of all integers up to a desired limit and progressively removing composite numbers (which it directly generates) until only primes are left.
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Finally the malt is cleaned prior to sale using sieves and aspiration to remove the dust, lumps and stones in the malt. Magnets are again used to remove any steel that might damage the mill rollers.
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Most families raise chickens and pigs. The main source of income comes from cassava flour. 33.6% of households engage in crafts, mostly the women, making baskets and sieves from lianas and clay crockery, mainly for home use.
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During compression water is condensed out in inter-stage coolers. # The process air is generally passed through a molecular sieve bed, which removes any remaining water vapour, as well as carbon dioxide, which would freeze and plug the cryogenic equipment. Molecular sieves are often designed to remove any gaseous hydrocarbons from the air, since these can be a problem in the subsequent air distillation that could lead to explosions.Particulate matter from forest fires caused an explosion in the air separation unit of a Gas to Liquid plant, see The molecular sieves bed must be regenerated.
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Five ångström (5Å) molecular sieves are often utilized in the petroleum industry, especially for the purification of gas streams and in the chemistry laboratory for separating compounds and drying reaction starting materials. They contain tiny pores of a precise and uniform size, and are mainly used as an adsorbent for gases and liquids. Five ångström molecular sieves are used to dry natural gas, along with performing desulfurization and decarbonation of the gas. They can also be used to separate mixtures of oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen, and oil-wax n-hydrocarbons from branched and polycyclic hydrocarbons.
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186x186px The oxidation is usually carried out at ambient conditions, in nearly neutral pH conditions, in dimethylformamide or dichloromethane or their mixture. The choice of solvent or their ratio affects the reaction rate; in particular, higher content of dimethylformamide results in stronger oxidation. The slow oxidation rate for some alcohols can be accelerated by the addition of molecular sieves, organic acids or acetic anhydride or of their combinations. The acceleration by molecular sieves works best when their pore diameter is about 0.3 nm, and it is apparently unrelated to their water absorption capability.
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F. Washington,Govt. Printing Off. Full text online here Leaf litter sieves are used by coleopterists and to collect larvae. Once collected, a killing jar is used to kill required insects before they damage themselves trying to escape.
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Early Bunzlauer pottery is exceedingly rare today. The majority of a potshop's production would have been intended for farm and kitchen use: kraut containers, cheese sieves, pickling and preserve jars, baking forms, food molds, storage vessels, etc. and soforth.
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Molecular sieves also function in this capacity. Various scrubbing processes have been proposed to remove CO2 from the air, or from flue gases. These usually involve using a variant of the Kraft process. Scrubbing processes may be based on sodium hydroxide.
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Paul Pritchard, Explaining the wheel sieve, Acta Informatica 17 (1982), 477–485. Paul Pritchard, Fast compact prime number sieves (among others), Journal of Algorithms 4 (1983), 332–344. Pritchard observed that for the wheel sieves, one can reduce memory consumption while preserving Big O time complexity, but this generally comes at a cost in an increased constant factor for time per operation due to the extra complexity. Therefore, this special version is likely more of value as an intellectual exercise than a practical prime sieve with reduced real time expended for a given large practical sieving range.
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Frame drums were common across Europe until late Medieval times and were mostly played Middle Eastern style holding the drum facing forward and playing it with the fingers—percussion mallet play was less common. After the Middle Ages the riddle drum's popularity declined rapidly, as newer more sophisticated drums emerged leaving only the tambourines as their legacy. Many frames drums are illustrated in medieval paintings. Riddle sieves were not unique to England, skin winnowing sieves were used across Europe, the Middle East and India, however no tradition of using them as musical instruments is recorded in any other country.
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Furthermore, in some modern applications, sieves are used not to estimate the size of a sifted set, but to produce a function that is large on the set and mostly small outside it, while being easier to analyze than the characteristic function of the set.
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The gas in a glovebox is pumped through a series of treatment devices which remove solvents, water and oxygen from the gas. Heated copper metal (or some other finely divided metal) is commonly used to remove oxygen, this oxygen removing column is normally regenerated by passing a hydrogen/nitrogen mixture through it while it is heated: the water formed is passed out of the box with the excess hydrogen and nitrogen. It is common to use molecular sieves to remove water by absorbing it in the molecular sieves' pores. Such a box is often used by organometallic chemists to transfer dry solids from one container to another container.
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A Grothendieck topology J on a category C is a collection, for each object c of C, of distinguished sieves on c, denoted by J(c) and called covering sieves of c. This selection will be subject to certain axioms, stated below. Continuing the previous example, a sieve S on an open set U in O(X) will be a covering sieve if and only if the union of all the open sets V for which S(V) is nonempty equals U; in other words, if and only if S gives us a collection of open sets that cover U in the classical sense.
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The PSD is usually determined over a list of size ranges that covers nearly all the sizes present in the sample. Some methods of determination allow much narrower size ranges to be defined than can be obtained by use of sieves, and are applicable to particle sizes outside the range available in sieves. However, the idea of the notional "sieve", that "retains" particles above a certain size, and "passes" particles below that size, is universally used in presenting PSD data of all kinds. The PSD may be expressed as a "range" analysis, in which the amount in each size range is listed in order.
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Ovatiovermis comes from the Latin 'ovatio' 'I clap' and 'vermis' 'worm'. This refers to the position it would have adopted when filter-feeding, standing on its rear pairs of lobopods and waving front limbs above its head. cribratus also comes from Latin, and means 'that which sieves'.
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Anhydrous tert-butyl alcohol is obtained by further refluxing and distilling from magnesium activated with iodine, or alkali metals such as sodium or potassium. Other methods include the use of 4 Å molecular sieves, aluminium tert- butylate, calcium hydride (CaH2), or fractional crystallization under inert atmosphere.
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Screening of the pulp after pulping is a process whereby the pulp is separated from large shives, knots, dirt and other debris. The accept is the pulp. The material separated from the pulp is called reject. The screening section consists of different types of sieves (screens) and centrifugal cleaning.
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Incorporation of transition metal complexes into the framework of molecular sieves is of consequence as it could lead to the development of new materials with catalytic properties. ENDOR as applied to trapped radicals has been used to study NO with metal ions in coordination chemistry, catalysis and biochemistry.
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Bamboo Craft of West Bengal Bamboo crafts are a very old and indigenous tradition in West Bengal. Different shapes and patterns of baskets are made using local traditions and techniques. In West Bengal, a tray-like bamboo basket is traditional. Different types of baskets, hand-held fan, sieves etc.
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The discovery of a new family of mesoporous molecular sieves in the early 1990s by Kuroda et al., known as KSW-1Yanagisawa, T.; Shimizu, T.; Kuroda, K.; Kato, C. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1990, 63, 988. and FSM-16,Inagaki, S.; Fukushima, Y.; Kuroda, K. J. Chem. Soc.
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Terence Tao gave this "rough" statement of the problem: This problem is significant because it may explain why it is difficult for sieves to "detect primes," in other words to give a non-trivial lower bound for the number of primes with some property. For example, in a sense Chen's theorem is very close to a solution of the twin prime conjecture, since it says that there are infinitely many primes p such that p + 2 is either prime or the product of two primes. The parity problem suggests that, because the case of interest has an odd number of prime factors (namely 1), it won't be possible to separate out the two cases using sieves.
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Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 19: 53–67. Desiccated plant remains are usually recovered by dry-sieving, using a stack of different sieves to separate larger items such as cereal straw and fruit stones from smaller items such as weed seeds.Cappers, R. T. J. and Neef, R. 2012. Handbook of Plant Palaeoecology.
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The material culture of the Kaiabi people is extremely diverse and intricate. Their most notable self manufactured item is the sieve. There are different types of sieves such as the "apàs" and the basket which is woven and designed by the men of the village. The women engage in hammock and sling making.
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"Wove wire for window screens" are referenced in the American Farmer in 1823. Advertisement for wire window screens also appeared in Boyd's Blue Book in 1836. Two wire window screens were exhibited at Quincy Hall in Boston in 1839. In 1861 Gilberr, Bennett and Company was manufacturing wire mesh sieves for food processing.
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The underside of a riddle drum A riddle drum is a makeshift frame drum used in traditional English folk music. Originally, they were large agricultural sieves used for winnowing corn, made from sheepskin stretched across a wooden frame. Agricultural workers found these made excellent percussion instruments, and developed unique rhythms and playing styles.
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In it meant what is now called a Grothendieck pretopology, and some authors still use this old meaning. modified the definition to use sieves rather than covers. Much of the time this does not make much difference, as each Grothendieck pretopology determines a unique Grothendieck topology, though quite different pretopologies can give the same topology.
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Reagents: base potassium carbonate, solvent NMP, catalysts palladium acetylacetonate, Copper(I) iodide, MS stands for molecular sieves, ligand phenanthroline :Decarboxylative aryl-aryl coupling Redox neutral coupling is the coupling of terminal alkynes with halo-alkynes with a copper(I) salt in the Cadiot-Chodkiewicz coupling. Thermal coupling of two organocopper compounds is also possible.
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Charles T. Kresge is a chemist and retired Chief Technology Officer (CTO) of Saudi Aramco. He was R&D; Vice President at the Dow Chemical Company. His area of expertise is inorganic synthesis and his primary field of research is in the area of crystalline aluminosilicate materials, particularly for the discovery of mesoporous molecular sieves.
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In 1952, Edith Flanigen joined the Union Carbide company. Her job at first was the identification, purification and extraction of different silicone polymers. In 1956, she moved to the molecular sieves group. In 1973, she was the first woman at Union Carbide to be named corporate research fellow, and in 1986, senior corporate research fellow.
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Solid particle counters are used to measure dry particles for various industrial applications. One such application could be for the detection of particle size coming from a rock crusher within a mining quarry. Sieves are the standard instruments used to measure dry particle size. Vision based systems are also used to measure dry particle size.
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Lehmer was born in Berkeley, California, to Derrick Norman Lehmer, a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley, and Clara Eunice Mitchell. He studied physics and earned a Bachelor degree from UC Berkeley, and continued with graduate studies at the University of Chicago. He and his father worked together on Lehmer sieves.
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In computational number theory, a variety of algorithms make it possible to generate prime numbers efficiently. These are used in various applications, for example hashing, public-key cryptography, and search of prime factors in large numbers. For relatively small numbers, it is possible to just apply trial division to each successive odd number. Prime sieves are almost always faster.
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Of these methods, a third method has emerged and has been adopted by the majority of modern ethanol plants. This new process uses molecular sieves to remove water from fuel ethanol. In this process, ethanol vapor under pressure passes through a bed of molecular sieve beads. The bead's pores are sized to allow adsorption of water while excluding ethanol.
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Sieving is a simple technique for separating particles of different sizes. A sieve such as used for sifting flour has very small holes. Coarse particles are separated or broken up by grinding against one another and the screen openings. Depending upon the types of particles to be separated, sieves with different types of holes are used.
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The reaction can be driven to the acetal when water is removed from the reaction system either by azeotropic distillation or trapping water with molecular sieves or aluminium oxide. The carbonyl group in 1 takes a proton from hydronium. The protonated carbonyl group 2 is activated for nucleophilic addition of the alcohol. The structures 2a and 2b are mesomers.
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Air- and water-free solvents are also necessary. If high-purity solvents are available in nitrogen-purged Winchesters, they can be brought directly into the glovebox. For use with Schlenk technique, they can be quickly poured into Schlenk flasks charged with molecular sieves, and degassed. More typically, solvent is dispensed directly from a still or solvent purification column.
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The ketyl radicals derived from the reaction of sodium and benzophenone is a common laboratory desiccant. Ketyls react quickly with the water and with oxygen. Thus, the deep purple coloration qualitatively indicates dry, oxygen- free conditions. The method for drying, while popular in some laboratories, is inferior in terms of safety and effectiveness relative to molecular sieves.
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This process requires a highly skilled woman and up to 10 liters of clean water per one kilogram of fonio. Industrial machinery has been developed to replace the traditional, labour-intensive process described above. It is possible to adapt rice threshing-machine for use on fonio. Winnowing machines or rotational sieves may then be used to clean threshed seeds.
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2-Furonitrile has been prepared by flash- dehydration of 2-furoic acid amide or oxime over molecular sieves. The strained ring benzocyclobutenone has been prepared by FVP from a simple benzoyl chloride precursor. Illustration of FVP process, the intermediate ketene is unstable and the product, like most organic compounds, tolerates brief, but not prolonged treatment at high temperatures.
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Manually engaged disawning plates are usually fitted to the concave. These provide extra friction to remove the awns from barley crops. After the primary separation at the cylinder, the clean grain falls through the concave and to the shoe, which contains the chaffer and sieves. The shoe is common to both conventional combines and rotary combines.
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The negative charge is balanced by the positively charged amine molecules. In addition to the ability of germanium to exhibit 4, 5 or 6 coordination, the greater length of the Ge–O bond in the {GeO4} tetrahedral unit compared to Si–O in {SiO4} and the narrower Ge–O–Ge angle (130°–140°) between corner shared tetrahedra allow for unusual framework structures.Introduction to Zeolite Molecular Sieves, Jiri Cejka, Herman van Bekkum, A. Corma, F. Schueth, Elsevier, 2007 A zeolite reported in 2005 has large pores – interconnected by channels defined by 30-membered rings (the naturally occurring zeolite faujasite with channels defined by 12-membered ringsHandbook Of Molecular Sieves: Structures, Rosemarie Szostak, 1992, Van Nostrand Reinhold, , ). Zeolites with frameworks containing silicon and germanium (silicogermanates), aluminium and germanium (aluminogermanates) and zirconium and germanium (zirconogermanates) are all known.
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Each block is moreover provided with its own particular colour trough, distributing brush, and woolen colour pad or sieve, and is supplied automatically with colour by these appliances during the whole time that the machine is in motion. The first effect of starting the machine is to cause the colour sieves, which have a reciprocating motion, to pass over, and receive a charge of colour from, the rollers, fixed to revolve, in the colour troughs. They then return to their original position between the tables and the printing blocks, coming in contact on the way with the distributing brushes, which spread the colour evenly over their entire surfaces. At this point the blocks advance and are gently pressed twice against the colour pads (or sieves) which then retreat once more towards the colour troughs.
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It is also around that time that the connection with the duality principle became better understood. In the mid-1960s, the Bombieri–Vinogradov theorem was proved as a major application of large sieves using estimations of mean values of Dirichlet characters. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, many of the key ingredients and estimates were simplified by Patrick X. Gallagher.
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Suib conducted his research on environmental chemistry and green synthesis in the early 2000s. He studied the catalytic degradation of methylene blue by applying green oxidation method having TBHP as the oxidant. The catalysts used in the oxidation method originate from a class of porous manganese oxides and are called octahedral molecular sieves. TBHP, rather than hydrogen peroxide, enhanced the methylene blue composition.
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Hardware Sieves: Function and Applications, and other projects In cryptography, he developed in 1994 with Renate Scheidler and Johannes Buchmann a method of public key cryptography based on real quadratic number fields.Buchmann, Williams: Quadratic fields and cryptography. In: Loxton (Hrsg.): Number theory and cryptography. 1989 Williams developed algorithms for calculating invariants of algebraic number fields such as class numbers and regulators.
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Sieve analysis is often used because of its simplicity, cheapness, and ease of interpretation. Methods may be simple shaking of the sample in sieves until the amount retained becomes more or less constant. Alternatively, the sample may be washed through with a non-reacting liquid (usually water) or blown through with an air current. Advantages: this technique is well-adapted for bulk materials.
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Williams, D. B. G., Lawton, M., "Drying of Organic Solvents: Quantitative Evaluation of the Efficiency of Several Desiccants", The Journal of Organic Chemistry 2010, vol. 75, 8351. Under the term zeolites, molecular sieves are used for a wide range of catalytic applications. They catalyze isomerisation, alkylation, and epoxidation, and are used in large scale industrial processes, including hydrocracking and fluid catalytic cracking.
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Others work by chemically or physically removing or sequestering the impurity. For example, to purify ethanol beyond 95%, a drying agent (or desiccant, such as potassium carbonate) can be added to convert the soluble water into insoluble water of crystallization. Molecular sieves are often used for this purpose as well. Immiscible liquids, such as water and toluene, easily form azeotropes.
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The speed is adjustable between 385 und 1350 min−1. The concave's distance from the threshing drum can be adjusted with three turnbuckles. The S-4 has four straw walkers, and two adjustable sieves. The corn tank holds up to 1300 kg of corn. The original S-4 is powered by a 5.6 litre, 39 kW ZIS-120 otto engine.
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Chapo is a beverage made of sweet plantains, water, and spices. It is from the Matsés and Shipibo people of the Peruvian Amazon jungle, and is made from boiled sweet plantains spiced with cinnamon and cloves. The Matsés squeeze the soft flesh of the plantain through homemade palm-leaf sieves, cook the chapo, and serve it warm by the fire.
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Many different sizes of pallets, faucets, mixers, and other tools in constant contact with the pulp were made of copper due to its natural anti-adhesive properties. The sieves were used in high-quality paper production to strain even the smallest imperfections out of the pulp. Small tools, essential for carrying out precise measurements, were bought by the French experts.
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If (C, J) and (D, K) are sites and u : C → D is a functor, then u is continuous if for every sheaf F on D with respect to the topology K, the presheaf Fu is a sheaf with respect to the topology J. Continuous functors induce functors between the corresponding topoi by sending a sheaf F to Fu. These functors are called pushforwards. If \tilde C and \tilde D denote the topoi associated to C and D, then the pushforward functor is u_s : \tilde D \to \tilde C. us admits a left adjoint us called the pullback. us need not preserve limits, even finite limits. In the same way, u sends a sieve on an object X of C to a sieve on the object uX of D. A continuous functor sends covering sieves to covering sieves.
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A consecutive dilution system is arranged to remove organic waste in stages after it passes through the skimmer. Waste matter is trapped inside one or more sequential skimmer basket sieves, each having a finer mesh to further dilute contaminant size. Dilution here is defined as the action of making something weaker in force, content, or value. The first basket is placed closely after the skimmer mouth.
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Here smaller organic waste that has slipped through the previous sieves is trapped by sand. If not removed regularly, organic waste will continue to rot down and affect water quality. The dilution process allows organic waste to be easily removed. Ultimately the sand sieve can be backwashed to remove smaller trapped organic waste which otherwise leaches ammonia and other compounds into the recirculated water.
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Only 5–10 mol% of the catalyst in the presence of 3Å molecular sieves (3Å MS) is necessary. The success of the Sharpless epoxidation can be attributed to five major aspects. First, epoxides can be easily converted into diols, aminoalcohols, and ethers, so formation of chiral epoxides is important in the synthesis of natural products. Second, substrate scope is large, including many primary and secondary allylic alcohols.
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This species was described from California. It has subsequently been recorded on the western seaboard of North America from British Columbia south to Mexico. In the north of this range, in Oregon and British Columbia, specimens are found which lack the two characteristic round markings on the back resembling the inhalant pore sieves of Hymedesmiid sponges. It is possible that these belong to a separate species.
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Whereas a single pot still charged with wine might yield a vapor enriched to 40–50% alcohol, a column still can achieve a vapor alcohol content of 96%; an azeotropic mixture of alcohol and water. Further enrichment is only possible by absorbing the remaining water using other means, such as hydrophilic chemicals or azeotropic distillation, or a column of 3A molecular sieves, like 3A zeolite.
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The huts were rectangular and covered with thatched roofs, and the walls were made of bark or palm. Inside the homes, cotton hammocks, made of either coarse fabric or net, were hung along the walls. Large bark canoes provided transportation across the waterways. Baskets, trays, sieves, and supports for various vessels were woven with strips of creeper, and ceramic pots, pans, and dishes were manufactured.
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There are two types of beach cleaning- mechanical and manual. These methods are also referred to as mechanical grooming and nonmechanical grooming. Mechanical beach cleaning is defined as litter and/or organic material removal that relies on the work of automatic or push machinery that rakes or sieves the most superficial layer of sand. Manual cleaning involves individuals picking up trash exclusively by hand.
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Mining seabird guano from Peruvian islands has remained largely the same since the industry began, relying on manual labor. First, picks, brooms, and shovels are used to loosen the guano. The use of excavation machinery is not only impractical due to the terrain but also prohibited because it would frighten the seabirds. The guano is then placed in sacks and carried to sieves, where impurities are removed.
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Although such information contains long lists of sieve sizes, in practice sieves are normally used in series in which each member sieve is selected to pass particles approximately 1/ smaller in diameter or 1/2 smaller in cross- sectional area than the previous sieve. For example the series 80mm, 63, 40, 31.5, 20, 16, 14, 10, 8, 6.3, 4, 2.8, 2 mm is routinely available in many European countries or the series with the larger steps 63, 31.5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1 mm, 500 μm, 250, 125, 63 μm is commonly used to grade aggregates in the construction industry. Such series are somewhat derived from the principles originally established by Renard and now known as Renard series. Some users replace some of those indicated above with 45, 22.4, 12.5, 11.2 and 5.6 mm sieves, mostly because of historical usage of such sizes in their country or industry.
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Sieve estimators have been used extensively for estimating density functions in high-dimensional spaces such as in Positron emission tomography(PET). The first exploitation of Sieves in PET for solving the maximum-likelihood Positron emission tomography#Image reconstruction problem was by Donald Snyder and Michael Miller, where they stabilized the time-of-flight PET problem originally solved by Shepp and Vardi. Shepp and Vardi's introduction of Maximum-likelihood estimators in emission tomography exploited the use of the Expectation-Maximization algorithm, which as it ascended towards the maximum-likelihood estimator developed a series of artifacts associated to the fact that the underlying emission density was of too high a dimension for any fixed sample size of Poisson measured counts. Grenander's method of sieves was used to stabilize the estimator, so that for any fixed sample size a resolution could be set which was consistent for the number of counts.
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This nudibranch feeds on the hymedesmiid sponge Phorbas fictitius ( aka Anchinoe fictitius). The two darker round markings on the back of the animal closely resemble the inhalant pore sieves of Phorbas, providing excellent camouflage. A progesterone homologue has been isolated from this species.Gavagnin, M.; Ungur, N.; Mollo, E.; Templado, J.; Cimino, G. Structure and synthesis of a progesterone homologue from the skin of the dorid nudibranch Aldisa smaragdina. Eur.
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Wheel factorization is used for generating lists of mostly prime numbers from a simple mathematical formula and a much smaller list of the first prime numbers. These lists may then be used in trial division or sieves. Because not all the numbers in these lists are prime, doing so introduces inefficient redundant operations. However, the generators themselves require very little memory compared to keeping a pure list of prime numbers.
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Paul Pritchard, Fast compact prime number sieves (among others), Journal of Algorithms 4 (1983), 332–344. in formulating a series of different algorithms. To visualize the use of a factorization wheel, one may start by writing the natural numbers around circles as shown in the adjacent diagram. The number of spokes is chosen such that prime numbers will have a tendency to accumulate in a minority of the spokes.
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The large sieve is a method (or family of methods and related ideas) in analytic number theory. It is a type of sieve where up to half of all residue classes of numbers are removed, as opposed to small sieves such as the Selberg sieve wherein only a few residue classes are removed. The method has been further heightened by the larger sieve which removes arbitrarily many residue classes.
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Sieve of Eratosthenes: algorithm steps for primes below 121 (including optimization of starting from the prime's square). Eratosthenes proposed a simple algorithm for finding prime numbers. This algorithm is known in mathematics as the Sieve of Eratosthenes. In mathematics, the sieve of Eratosthenes (Greek: κόσκινον Ἐρατοσθένους), one of a number of prime number sieves, is a simple, ancient algorithm for finding all prime numbers up to any given limit.
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Blending: During blending, all material parameters are being re-calculated. Depending on the type of parameter the result can be the sum of the material properties (e.g. tph) or the weighted average (e.g. temperature). The Particle Size Distribution (PSD) of the blended material is computed by applying all sieves of the materials to the new one and calculating percentages based on the current grid and curve interpolation method.
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Commercially available purified inert gas (argon or nitrogen) is adequate for most purposes. However, for certain applications, it is necessary to further remove water and oxygen. This additional purification can be accomplished by piping the inert gas line through a heated column of copper catalyst, which converts the oxygen to copper oxide. Water is removed by piping the gas through a column of desiccant such as phosphorus pentoxide or molecular sieves.
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Matthew Dunduff aka Stewart obtained possession of the Dunduff corn mill in 1581. The mill was powered by one of the burns running off the Brown Carrick Hill, but its exact location is unknown. Dunduff Mill was driven by a breast paddle and a single pair of stones. The sifting and blowing of the husks were done by hand as the mill had no blowers or mechanical sieves.
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In 1566, Christopher Schutz, a German immigrant, who invented a process for drawing wire, set up a works in Hathersage. This became important in sieves used by miners, and later developed into pin and needle production. This led to one of the first Factory Acts, because inhalation of grinding dust resulted in a life expectancy of only thirty years. In the mid-18th century, Hathersage became famous for its brass buttons.
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Deffeyes Ph.D. dissertation research concerned volcanic ashfalls in Nevada that had been altered to zeolites. Not much was known about the potential uses of zeolites, so Deffeyes wrote a review paper on zeolites in sedimentary rocks. This resulted (according to both Deffeyes and John McPhee) in the founding of the natural zeolite industry. Zeolites have important uses in water purification, as catalysts in the petrochemical industry, and as molecular sieves.
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These molecular sieves are used to assist detergents as they can produce demineralized water through calcium ion exchange, remove and prevent the deposition of dirt. They are widely used to replace phosphorus. The 4Å molecular sieve plays a major role to replace sodium tripolyphosphate as detergent auxiliary in order to mitigate the environmental impact of the detergent. It also can be used as a soap forming agent and in toothpaste.
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Multilayer laminates have a structure similar to nacre, which provides mechanical strength at water free conditions. Helium cannot pass through the membranes in humidity free conditions, but penetrates easily when exposed to humidity, whereas water vapor passes with no resistance. Dry laminates are vacuum-tight, but immersed in water, they act as molecular sieves, blocking some solutes. A third project produced graphene sheets with subnanoscale (0.40 ± 0.24 nm) pores.
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Sieve-making also developed at this time; horsehair was imported from around Europe and the sieves were exported to France, Belgium, Germany, and Greece. Several breweries and leather works operated in the town. Kranj went into an economic decline in the 17th century, when there was much emigration from the town, leaving many houses empty, and business did not revive again until the second half of the 18th century.
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Sieves in a variety of mesh sizes are used to separate fossils from sands and gravels. Sieving is a rougher technique for collecting fossils and can destroy fragile ones. Sometimes, water is run through a sieve to help remove silt and sand. This technique is called wet sieving Fossils tend to be very fragile and are generally not extracted entirely from the surrounding rock (the matrix) in the field.
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Apart from his wings, Q'ursha was sometimes described with other special features: colossal paws, "lips of gold, and eyes as big as sieves". He was attributed supernatural abilities such as a thunderous bark, a leap "as big as a great field" and an infallible ability to track prey. Q'ursha was the subject of the popular Georgian folk song "O my Kursha!", which dates back to at least the 18th century.
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Riddle Drum skins tend to be thicker and looser than those of frame drum giving them a bass tone, also they tend to be hit near the centre of the drum and the free hand pressed against the skin to reduce resonance. The reason the unique playing style developed is most likely because thin, tight skins would not survive the agricultural process and the other uses Riddle Sieves were put to, "filling sacks with grain, holding wool, when carded and ready for the spinning wheel, or feathers plucked three time a year.".Ireland: Scenery and Character', Mr & Mrs S. C. Halls, How and Parson, London, 1841 Surviving examples of Riddle Sieves from Scotland, France, Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire and Nepal all show heavy wear and tear, skins stretched out of shape from carrying heavy weights, holes tearing into others holes and some with long tears across the skin sown up. So Riddle Drumming became quite distinct from other frame drumming.
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The down was imported from Tibet through Kazan, the capital of the Russian province of Volga, and was used in France to create imitation woven shawls. Unlike the Kashmir shawls, the French shawls had a different pattern on each side. The imported cashmere was spread out on large sieves and beaten with sticks to open the fibers and clear away the dirt. After opening, the cashmere was washed and children removed the coarse hair.
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Everyone in the family goes fishing. For over 200 years now, the Wapishana have been raising cattle, swine, chickens, ducks, and many other animals which are part of their regular diet. The exchange of produce, animals, and homemade food provides smalls amounts of cash for purchases of store-bought food and household goods. Wapishana men craft wooden stools and baskets, sieves, and squeezers for use in the preparation of cassava and other foods.
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Aldisa banyulensis is a small sea slug that is normally 8–12 mm in length. It is red or orange-red in colour with two oval markings on the midline of the back which resemble the inhalent pore-sieves of its sponge food. There are pale streaks running from the sides of the back to the edge of the mantle and between the rhinophores.Rudman, W.B., 2002 (November 11) Aldisa banyulensis Pruvot-Fol 1951.
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However, Corradini's treatment serves to highlight the flesh beneath the veil, in this case, her belly and breasts, which belies the theme he is purportedly portraying. Because of their association with Tuccia, sieves have always been associated with virginity. During the Renaissance, Queen Elizabeth I was famously depicted in a series of "sieve portraits" emphasizing her status as the "Virgin Queen". The iconography of roses is quite varied, ranging from victory and pride to love.
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Components are primarily quartz, chert, igneous rock, and shell fragments. The exact definition of sand varies. The scientific Unified Soil Classification System used in engineering and geology corresponds to US Standard Sieves,Unified Soil Classification System and defines sand as particles with a diameter of between 0.074 and 4.75 millimeters. By another definition, in terms of particle size as used by geologists, sand particles range in diameter from 0.0625 mm (or mm) to 2 mm.
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Under the reported condition, boronic acids substrates failed to give any enantioselectivity. Also, 3Å molecular sieve is used in the reaction system. While the authors did not provide the reason for such usage in the paper, it was speculated that 3Å molecular sieves act as water scavenger and prevent the decomposition of alkenyl diethyl boronates into their respective boronic acids. The catalyst could be recycled from the reaction and reused without compromising yield or enantioselectivity.
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The oxidation has an important effect on the taste of the end product, but the amount of oxidation is not an indication of quality. Tea producers match oxidation levels to the teas they produce to give the desired end characteristics. # Then the leaves are dried to arrest the oxidation process. # Finally, the leaves are sorted into grades according to their sizes (whole leaf, brokens, fannings and dust), usually with the use of sieves.
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Following her separation from her husband, Annie Chapman relocated to Whitechapel, primarily living upon the weekly allowance of 10 shillings from her husband. Over the following years, she resided in common lodging-houses in both Whitechapel and Spitalfields.Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History p. 188 By 1886, she is known to have resided with a man who made wire sieves for a living, consequently becoming known to some acquaintances as "Annie Sievey" or "Siffey".
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The gel sieves the DNA by the size of the DNA molecule whereby smaller molecules travel faster. Double-stranded DNA moves at a rate that is approximately inversely proportional to the logarithm of the number of base pairs. This relationship however breaks down with very large DNA fragments and it is not possible to separate them using standard agarose gel electrophoresis. The limit of resolution depends on gel composition and field strength.
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Like most rare minerals, there are few commercial uses for stellerite. Mineral collectors are lucky to find it in good enough crystal form. Zeolites, including stellerite, have been studied using a dehydration process to gauge the potential use of their phases as molecular sieves, sorbents, and catalysts.Arletti, R., Mazzucato, E., and Vezzalini, G. (2006) Influence of dehydration kinetics on T-O-T bridge breaking zeolites with framework type STI The case of stellerite.
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It takes the form of a horse's puppet, made from two plastic hoops and covered with white fabric. The hoops are usually cut out from plastic buckets (earlier – flour sieves). Red accents appear on shoelaces, as mask contour lines, on the top of the balaclava, or as symbolic drawings of a horse's head and tail. One of the roles of the Police Officer is to stop passers-by and fine them with "holiday tickets".
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First, after drying the shot, it was rolled down inclined glass planes to remove defective (irregularly shaped) pellets. It was then polished in a revolving cask using plumbago (graphite), which also blackened it. Finally, the shot was passed through a tower of 10 sieves which sorted it by diameter. The graded shot was packaged in hand sewn linen bags; at the height of production, 100 tons of shot were produced each year.
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And as required that they remove everything that he had in his house, including his axes and his sieves, the people would see his possessions and exclaim how selfish he had been.Deuteronomy Rabbah 6:8, in, e.g., Harry Freedman and Maurice Simon, translators, Midrash Rabbah: Deuteronomy, volume 7, pages 125–26; see also Leviticus Rabbah 17:2, in, e.g., Harry Freedman and Maurice Simon, translators, Midrash Rabbah: Leviticus, volume 4, pages 214–15.
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It is rated 77 kW at 2000 min−1, and produces a maximum torque of 392 N·m at 1350 min−1. The torque is sent from the engine to a manual three-speed gearbox, and to the main drive wheel, from which the threshing drum, the straw walkers, sieves, fan, corn conveyor, corn elevator, and header are driven. The three- speed gearbox is used solely for converting the torque that is sent to the front wheels.
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He drives Batman out of Chinatown, leading Terry to find another one of the sabotaged aerial defense systems. Batman is attacked by the culprit behind the attacks, Freon of the Terrific Trio. She was resurrected thanks to Dr. Hodges using experimental molecular sieves to absorb and contain her radioactive decay, but the exposure to her kills him. Blaming Batman and Gotham for the deaths of her colleagues, she's rigged the city's defense systems to make Gotham destroy itself.
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The Legendre sieve has a problem with fractional parts of terms accumulating into a large error, which means the sieve only gives very weak bounds in most cases. For this reason it is almost never used in practice, having been superseded by other techniques such as the Brun sieve and Selberg sieve. However, since these more powerful sieves are extensions of the basic ideas of the Legendre sieve, it is useful to first understand how this sieve works.
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The grain, either coming through the concave or the walkers, meets a set of sieves mounted on an assembly called a shoe, which is shaken mechanically. The top sieve has larger openings, and serves to remove large pieces of chaff from the grain. The lower sieve separates clean grain, which falls through, from incompletely threshed pieces. The incompletely threshed grain is returned to the cylinder by means of a system of conveyors, where the process repeats.
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Circle Map has a duration of 26 minutes and is composed in six movements: #Morning Wind #Walls closing #Circles #Days are Sieves #Dialogue #Day and Night, Music The electronic element of the work features a recording of Arshia Cont reading the writings of the 13th-century poet and theologian Rumi. The six movements of the piece are thus titled after Rumi's poems, translated to English by John Moyne and Coleman Barks from the book Unseen Rain: Quatrains of Rumi.
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The sieve of Eratosthenes can be expressed in pseudocode, as follows:, p. 16.Jonathan Sorenson, An Introduction to Prime Number Sieves, Computer Sciences Technical Report #909, Department of Computer Sciences University of Wisconsin-Madison, January 2, 1990 (the use of optimization of starting from squares, and thus using only the numbers whose square is below the upper limit, is shown). algorithm Sieve of Eratosthenes is input: an integer n > 1. output: all prime numbers from 2 through n.
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As Sorenson notes, the problem with the sieve of Eratosthenes is not the number of operations it performs but rather its memory requirements. For large , the range of primes may not fit in memory; worse, even for moderate , its cache use is highly suboptimal. The algorithm walks through the entire array , exhibiting almost no locality of reference. A solution to these problems is offered by segmented sieves, where only portions of the range are sieved at a time.
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One successful approach is to approximate a specific sifted set of numbers (e.g. the set of prime numbers) by another, simpler set (e.g. the set of almost prime numbers), which is typically somewhat larger than the original set, and easier to analyze. More sophisticated sieves also do not work directly with sets per se, but instead count them according to carefully chosen weight functions on these sets (options for giving some elements of these sets more "weight" than others).
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"Onko Nenjū Gyōji" illustrated by Eitaku Sensai. It depicts how on the eighth day of the second month, a basket with a rod stuck in it is being raised. In Yokohama and Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture, the Chiba Prefecture, and Tokyo etc., they would visit people's homes on the eighth day of the 12th month and the eighth day of the second month on the lunisolar calendar, and they are said to borrow sieves and human's eyes.
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Although not yet practical, porous coordination polymers have potential as molecular sieves in parallel with porous carbon and zeolites. The size and shapes of the pore can be controlled by the linker size and the connecting ligands' length and functional groups. To modify the pore size in order to achieve effective adsorption, nonvolatile guests are intercalated in the porous coordination polymer space to decrease the pore size. Active surface guests can also be used contribute to adsorption.
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A colony starts when a larva settles on a suitable surface and undergoes metamorphosis into an ancestrula. This forms daughter zooids by budding and the colony grows by asexual reproduction. In common with other bryozoans, Electra pilosa filter feeds with the aid of a crown of tentacles known as a lophophore with which it sieves particles from the water. It probably feeds on such things as flagellates, phytoplankton, bacteria, small pieces of algal debris and algal spores.
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Other molecular sieves are used as desiccants (some examples include activated charcoal and silica gel). The diameter of a molecular sieve is measured in ångströms (Å) or nanometres (nm). According to IUPAC notation, microporous materials have pore diameters of less than 2 nm (20 Å) and macroporous materials have pore diameters of greater than 50 nm (500 Å); the mesoporous category thus lies in the middle with pore diameters between 2 and 50 nm (20–500 Å).
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The molten extrudate then passes between cold-rollers and becomes a solid, brittle sheet. It then moves to a “Kibbler”, which chops it into smaller chips. These chips are ground, using high speed grinders (classifiers) to a particle size of less than 150 micrometers (standard specifications requires 100% pass through in 250 micrometer sieves and maximum 3% retains in 150 micrometer sieve). The final product is packaged in closed containers, with particular care given to avoid moisture contamination.
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In number theory, the larger sieve is a sieve invented by Patrick X. Gallagher. The name denotes a heightening of the large sieve. Combinatorial sieves like the Selberg sieve are strongest, when only a few residue classes are removed, while the term large sieve means that this sieve can take advantage of the removal of a large number of up to half of all residue classes. The larger sieve can exploit the deletion of an arbitrary number of classes.
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Glyn Harman (born 2 November 1956) is a British mathematician working in analytic number theory. One of his major interests is prime number theory. He is best known for results on gaps between primes and the greatest prime factor of p + a, as well as his lower bound for the number of Carmichael numbers up to X. His monograph Prime-detecting Sieves (2007) was published by Princeton University Press. He has also written a book Metric Number Theory (1998).
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Acmella nana was discovered from limestone hills in Borneo. Knowing that limestone and snail shells are both composed of calcium carbonate, the research team led by two Dutch biologists Jaap J. Vermeulen and Menno Schilthuizen, and a Malaysian biologist Thor-Seng Liew collected soil and litter and dirt from the cliffs. Then they separated the larger particles from the smaller ones using sieves. They put the larger particles in a bucket of water and stirred them.
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They shoveled damp mill cake into a two-foot square box, placed this beneath a screw press and reduced it to its volume. "Press cake" had the hardness of slate. They broke the dried slabs with hammers or rollers, and sorted the granules with sieves into different grades. In the United States, Eleuthere Irenee du Pont, who had learned the trade from Lavoisier, tumbled the dried grains in rotating barrels to round the edges and increase durability during shipping and handling.
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The sieves are normally set up in a multistage cascade operation because considerable amounts of good fibres can go to the reject stream when trying to achieve maximum purity in the accept flow. The fiber containing shives and knots are separated from the rest of the reject and reprocessed either in a refiner or is sent back to the digester. The content of knots is typically 0.5–3.0% of the digester output, while the shives content is about 0.1–1.0%.
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In mathematics, the sieve of Atkin is a modern algorithm for finding all prime numbers up to a specified integer. Compared with the ancient sieve of Eratosthenes, which marks off multiples of primes, the sieve of Atkin does some preliminary work and then marks off multiples of squares of primes, thus achieving a better theoretical asymptotic complexity. It was created in 2003 by A. O. L. Atkin and Daniel J. Bernstein.A.O.L. Atkin, D.J. Bernstein, Prime sieves using binary quadratic forms, Math. Comp.
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In exchange for their work as farm workers, vaqueros, ditch diggers, water haulers, and domestic help; they were paid in clothing and other goods as well as cash and alcohol. The pobladores bartered with them for prized sea-otter and seal pelts, sieves, trays, baskets, mats, and other woven goods. This commerce greatly contributed to the economic success of the town and the attraction of other Indians to the city. During the 1780s, San Gabriel Mission became the object of an Indian revolt.
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In Afghanistan, the Nausar worked as tinkers and animal dealers. Ghorbat men mainly made sieves, drums, and bird cages, and the women peddled these as well as other items of household and personal use; they also worked as moneylenders to rural women. Peddling and the sale of various goods was also practiced by men and women of various groups, such as the Jalali, the Pikraj, the Shadibaz, the Noristani, and the Vangawala. The latter and the Pikraj also worked as animal dealers.
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Mass communication in the BookWorld is provided by footnoterphones and mobilefootnoterphones. Messages from others appear as footnotes in the text, the "number" of a footnoterphone being the chosen character's book, chapter, page number, paragraph, and line in a book. Connection between phones is created by hidden tunnel conduits that are invisible in the book, such tunnels spanning distances between other books and other genres. Connections can be crossed and filtered out using "textual sieves", which filter out all incoming text.
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Each atom is modeled by a sphere with the element's Van der Waals radius. For many purposes, atoms can be modeled as spheres. This is only a crude approximation, but it can provide quantitative explanations and predictions for many phenomena, such as the density of liquids and solids, the diffusion of fluids through molecular sieves, the arrangement of atoms and ions in crystals, and the size and shape of molecules. Atomic radii vary in a predictable and explicable manner across the periodic table.
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The total cost was $14,000. With a sandstone foundation and heavy timber frame the mill stands three stories and is capped by a gable roof. Water would enter the basement through large arches in the foundation to power water turbines which would provide mechanical power for the mill. Daniel Webster bought the mill in 1882 for $15,000 and in 1886 hired the Richmond Milling Company to modernize the mill by replacing the burr stones with more efficient steel roll mills, sieves, and sifters.
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Nabulime is the Senior Lecturer and former Head of the Sculpture Department in the School of Industrial and Fine Arts, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology(CEDAT), Makerere University. Her work uses ordinary objects (for example, soap, sieves, cloth, mirrors, metal cans, car parts and found objects) to embody a specific social agenda, such as disease, gender, and environmental issues that attempt to raise awareness and promote discussion as well as moving the meaning of art beyond the visual.
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Methods for regeneration of molecular sieves include pressure change (as in oxygen concentrators), heating and purging with a carrier gas (as when used in ethanol dehydration), or heating under high vacuum. Regeneration temperatures range from 175 °C to 315 °C depending on molecular sieve type. In contrast, silica gel can be regenerated by heating it in a regular oven to 120 °C (250 °F) for two hours. However, some types of silica gel will "pop" when exposed to enough water.
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Dockage is a factor in the grading of some grains under the official U.S. Grain Standards. Wheat dockage is described as weed seeds, weed stems, chaff, straw, or grain other than wheat, which can be readily removed from the wheat by the use of appropriate sieves and cleaning devices; also, underdeveloped, shriveled and small pieces of wheat kernels removed in properly separating, properly rescreening, or recleaning. The term also may be used to describe the amount of reduction in price taken because of a deficiency in quality.
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He received his Ph.D. in Uppsala 1957 with the thesis Zone electrophoresis in columns and adsorption chromatography on ionic cellulose derivatives as methods for peptide and protein fractionations: application to the study of posterior pituitary hormones. The separation method for which Porath is most well known is gel filtration, which he developed together with Per Flodin. Flodin worked with dextran research at Pharmacia. In 1957, Porath discovered that columns filled with dextran gel could be used as "molecular sieves" to separate biomolecules by size.
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In 1834, Gilbert & Bennett Co. purchased the site of a former comb mill alongside the Norwalk River in the Georgetown section of Redding, and began producing wire mesh cloth for varying uses, in time to include sieves and window screens. In 1863, Gilbert & Bennett built a facility at the site for drawing metal wire. During World War I, the U.S. military adapted the company's products for camouflage netting, gas masks and trench liners; and during World War II, for signal corps uses. Gilbert & Bennett in Georgetown, Connecticut.
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In the same region, the Changi and Luti were musicians and balladeers, and their children learned these professions from the age of 7 or 8 years. The nomadic groups in Turkey make and sell cradles, deal in animals, and play music. The men of the sedentary groups work in towns as scavengers and hangmen; elsewhere they are fishermen, smiths, basket makers, and singers; their women dance at feasts and tell fortunes. Abdal men played music and made sieves, brooms, and wooden spoons for a living.
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Basketry work included mats, sieves, fire fans, knapsacks, and rectangular baskets. A type of basket was constructed by intertwining the leaflets of a palm leaf on either side of the woody leaf-stalk, whereby something resembling a mat was produced. The woody portion running down the middle of the leaf stalk was then cut away and the mat doubled, whereupon, along the line where the edges meet, the leaflets were interwoven so that a cylindrical basket was formed. Around the bottom there was a raised ring.
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There are several methods for measuring particle size and particle size distribution. Some of them are based on light, other on ultrasoundDukhin, A. S. and Goetz, P. J. Characterization of liquids, nano- and micro- particulates and porous bodies using Ultrasound, Elsevier, 2017 , or electric field, or gravity, or centrifugation. The use of sieves is a common measurement technique, however this process can be more susceptible to human error and is time consuming. Technology such as dynamic image analysis (DIA) can make particle size distribution analyses much easier.
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He was born in Southwark, south London, on 25 November 1778, into a large family, the son of Richard Lancaster who had been a soldier and made cane sieves, and his wife Sarah Faulkes who was a shopkeeper. He was interested as a teenager in missionary work in Jamaica. He is said to have run away from home, and to have been returned through naval connections of the minister Thomas Urwick. Lancaster joined the Society of Friends, with the intention of becoming a teacher.
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The processes involved in waste-water treatment include physical processes such as settlement or flotation and biological processes such as aerated lagoons, activated sludge or bio-films in trickling filters. Other physical methods such as filtration through sieves may be used in specialised circumstances such as de-watering waste-water sludge. To be effective, sewage must be conveyed to a treatment plant by appropriate pipes and infrastructure and the process itself must be subject to regulation and controls. Some wastewaters require specialized treatment methods.
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Zeolite Y is a catalyst that enhances the amount of gasoline fractioned from petroleum, making refining petroleum safer and more productive. In addition to her work on molecular sieves, Flanigen also co-invented a synthetic emerald, which Union Carbide produced and sold for many years. The emeralds were used mainly in masers (predecessors to lasers) and were even used in jewelry for a time, in a line marketed as the "Quintessa Collection." Structure of silicalite, a form of silicon dioxide discovered by Flanigan et al.
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Among organic acids, acetic acid, pyridinium trifluoroacetate or pyridinium tosylate can be added, the first one being most efficient and easiest to remove. The achieved acceleration is remarkable, but the reaction inevitably turns from neutral (pH) to acidic. Comparable acceleration is achieved with acetic anhydride, which is used in sugar and nucleoside chemistry. Reaction acceleration depends not only on the additives but also on their form, so all reagents are preferred dry and freshly prepared, and PDC and molecular sieves should be finely ground.
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On the left side are live fowl baskets. Directly to the right are flat baskets used for selling shrimp and small fish in Haikou City, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China Baskets serve utilitarian as well as aesthetic purposes. Some baskets are ceremonial, that is religious, in nature. While baskets are usually used for harvesting, storage and transport, specialized baskets are used as sieves for a variety of purposes, including cooking, processing seeds or grains, tossing gambling pieces, rattles, fans, fish traps, and laundry.
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Players employed a double-ended beater held with a pencil grip (or sometimes a leather thong). The player strikes the drum with glancing blows (sometimes with either end of the stick, as one might play a bodhrán). Stick drumming may have emerged because the stretching and wear and tear on the sieves made them unplayable with the fingers. Also the nature of traditional English music, such as jigs and hornpipes, which require a heavy accentuated beat to inform the dancers when to place their feet.
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The paste was then made into the typhus vaccine. The feeding was done through the use of specially- constructed small wooden boxes, 4 cm by 7 cm, developed by Weigl. The boxes were sealed with paraffin on the top which prevented the lice from escaping, and the underside consisted of a screen made of a fabric sieve, adopted by Weigl from sieves that were used by local peasants to separate wheat husks from the seeds. A typical box contained 400 to 800 lice larvae which would mature as the feeding took place.
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Around the late 14th century, European powdermakers first began adding liquid during grinding to improve mixing, reduce dust, and with it the risk of explosion. The powder-makers would then shape the resulting paste of dampened gunpowder, known as mill cake, into corns, or grains, to dry. Not only did corned powder keep better because of its reduced surface area, gunners also found that it was more powerful and easier to load into guns. Before long, powder-makers standardized the process by forcing mill cake through sieves instead of corning powder by hand.
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Approximately 100 million metric tons of oxygen are produced yearly. Oxygen is most commonly produced by fractional distillation, in which air is cooled to a liquid, then warmed, allowing all the components of air except for oxygen to turn to gases and escape. Fractionally distilling air several times can produce 99.5% pure oxygen. Another method with which oxygen is produced is to send a stream of dry, clean air through a bed of molecular sieves made of zeolite, which absorbs the nitrogen in the air, leaving 90 to 93% pure oxygen.
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A sorption pump does pump all gases effectively with the exception of hydrogen, helium and neon which do not condensate at liquid nitrogen temperatures and are not efficiently adsorbed by the molecular sieves because of their small molecular size. This problem can be solved by purging the vacuum system with dry pure nitrogen before pump down. In purged system with aspirator rough pumping ultimate pressures of 10−4 mbar for a single sorption pump and 10−7 mbar for sequential pumping can be reached.Building Scientific Apparatus, John H. Moore et al.
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The earliest direct evidence of cheesemaking is now being found in clay sieves (holed pottery) over seven thousand years old, for example in Kujawy, Poland, and the Dalmatian coast in Croatia, the latter with dried remains which chemical analysis suggests was cheese. Shards of holed pottery were also found in Urnfield pile-dwellings on Lake Neuchatel in Switzerland and are hypothesized to be cheese-strainers,Toussaint-Samat 2009:103. they date back to 6,000 BCE (8,000 years ago). For preservation purposes, cheese-making may have begun by the pressing and salting of curdled milk.
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Although the groups of E. Tagliavini and K. Mikami reported the catalysis of this reaction using a Ti(IV)–BINOL complex in the same year as the Keck group,Aoki, S., Mikami, K., Terada, M., Nakai, T., Tetrahedron 1993, 49, 1783-1792.Costa, A. L., Piazza, M. G., Tagliavini, E., Trombini, C., Umani-Ronchi, A., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1993, 115, 7001-7002. Keck's publication reported higher enantio- and diastereoselectivity, and did not require the use of 4 Angstrom molecular sieves as in Mikami's procedure or an excess of BINOL as in Tagliavini's procedure.
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A current direction in the study of Lewis acid- catalyzed ene reactions is the development of asymmetric catalysts for C–C bond formation. Mikami has reported the use of a chiral titanium complex (Figure 12) in asymmetric ene reactions involving prochiral glyoxylat esters. The catalyst is prepared in situ from (i-PrO)2TiX2 and optically pure binaphthol, the alkoxy-ligand exchange being facilitated by the use of molecular sieves. The method affords α-hydroxy esters of high enantiomeric purities, compounds that represent a class of biological and synthetic importance (Figure 12).
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In the gas treatment plant gas passes through molecular sieves to remove sulphur to less than 15 ppm and water to less than 1 ppm to prevent ice formation in the downstream refrigeration plant. The dry sulphur-free gas passes through an activated carbon bed to remove any mercury to protect the downstream aluminium heat exchangers. The gas then passes to the cryogenic nitrogen removal system where it is cooled to -100 °C by Joule–Thomson chilling. In the pre-separation column the gas is separated into a methane stream and a nitrogen-rich stream.
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Highway department guidance suggests that choice of gravel can be key to mitigating washboarding. They cite "sieve analysis" tests that use a series of screens or sieves to characterize the sizes of particles contained within a gravel sample. Highway department guidance suggests a range of particle sizes from stones that are in the range, mixed with progressively finer particles to include a small fraction of fine particles that bind the larger particles together. They also mention the role of equipment that can re-blend and smooth surfaces that have corrugated.
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In addition to control of temperature (mentioned above), the main requirement is to obtain a consistent fineness of the product. From the earliest times, fineness was measured by sieving the cement. As cements have become finer, the use of sieves is less applicable, but the amount retained on a 45 μm sieve is still measured, usually by air-jet sieving or wet-sieving. The amount passing this sieve (typically 95% in modern general-purpose cements) is related to the overall strength-development potential of the cement, because the larger particles are essentially unreactive.
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Instead, the straw, which makes a 90° turn after it comes out of the threshing drum, falls on two finely perforated conveyor belts, that transport the straw away from the threshing drum to the straw baler, which is installed in the E 162's rear compartment. Corn, that has not yet been threshed out of the straw, can fall through the conveyor belts onto the pan. The corn cleaning system works with two sieves, and a fan. Chaff is sucked out of the combine and collected in a separate chaff waggon.
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Its most visited hall, the , dedicated to Ugafukujin/Benzaiten, is not a building but a cave. In it, water flows and the faithful can wash their bills and coins with sieves (available from the shrine counter for a small fee). There are also shrines dedicated to the Seven Lucky Gods (, upper shrine) and to the god of water (, lower shrine). A 1970 survey revealed a group of yagura dating back to at least the 10th century Artificial caves used as tombs during the Kamakura and Muromachi periods above the shrine's tunnel (see photo above).
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He did his doctoral work with John Yamanis on reactions engineering with annular bed reactors. His academic career started as an Assistant Professor at Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University in 1981 and rose until becoming the Charles O. Gordon Professor of Chemical engineering in 1990. During his time at Virginia Tech, he developed some of the earlier Zeolite molecular sieves and increasing the pore size. In 1991, he joined the faculty of the California Institute of Technology and served as the Executive Officer of the department from 1999 to 2004.
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Natural zeolite with a U.S. penny for scale Zeolites are microporous, aluminosilicate minerals commonly used as commercial adsorbents and catalysts. The term zeolite was originally coined in 1756 by Swedish mineralogist Axel Fredrik Cronstedt, who observed that rapidly heating the material, believed to have been stilbite, produced large amounts of steam from water that had been adsorbed by the material. Based on this, he called the material zeolite, from the Greek , meaning "to boil" and , meaning "stone". The classic reference for the field has been Breck's book Zeolite Molecular Sieves: Structure, Chemistry, And Use.
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159 Many Roman kitchens had an oven (furnus or fornax), and some (such as the kitchen of the Villa of the Mysteries) had two.Faas, p. 132. A square or dome-shaped construction of brick or stone, these ovens had a flat floor, often of granite and sometimes lava, which were filled with dry twigs and then lit. On the walls of kitchens were hooks and chains for hanging cooking equipment, including various pots and pans, knives, meat forks, sieves, graters, spits, tongs, cheese-slicers, nutcrackers, jugs for measuring, and pâté moulds.
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The corn mill handled mainly oats and barley grown locally as well as imported maize. The mill is a three-storey building and all the apparatus of the mill, stone, sieves, bucket elevators, fans and a sack hoist are powered by a 7.63-metre (25 ft) waterwheel manufactured by J.Stevenson's Strabane Foundry in 1867. The waterwheel turned at three revolutions a minute generating eight horsepower which was transferred from the waterwheel to the mill apparatus by means of gearing and belting. The building also housed a kiln for drying the grain.
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Geotechnical engineers classify the soil particle types by performing tests on disturbed (dried, passed through sieves, and remolded) samples of the soil. This provides information about the characteristics of the soil grains themselves. Classification of the types of grains present in a soil does not account for important effects of the structure or fabric of the soil, terms that describe compactness of the particles and patterns in the arrangement of particles in a load carrying framework as well as the pore size and pore fluid distributions. Engineering geologists also classify soils based on their genesis and depositional history.
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Lucky numbers share some properties with primes, such as asymptotic behaviour according to the prime number theorem; also, a version of Goldbach's conjecture has been extended to them. There are infinitely many lucky numbers. However, if Ln denotes the n-th lucky number, and pn the n-th prime, then Ln > pn for all sufficiently large n. Because of these apparent connections with the prime numbers, some mathematicians have suggested that these properties may be found in a larger class of sets of numbers generated by sieves of a certain unknown form, although there is little theoretical basis for this conjecture.
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The pressing took varying amounts of time, depending on conditions such as atmospheric humidity. The hard, dense product was broken again into tiny pieces, which were separated with sieves to produce a uniform product for each purpose: coarse powders for cannons, finer grained powders for muskets, and the finest for small hand guns and priming. Inappropriately fine-grained powder often caused cannons to burst before the projectile could move down the barrel, due to the high initial spike in pressure.T.J. Rodman (1861), Reports of experiments on the properties of metals for cannon and the qualities of cannon powder, p.
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Imine synthesis from a primary amine and a carbonyl compound. Imines are typically prepared by the condensation of primary amines and aldehydes and less commonly ketones. In terms of mechanism, such reactions proceed via the nucleophilic addition giving a hemiaminal -C(OH)(NHR)- intermediate, followed by an elimination of water to yield the imine (see alkylimino-de-oxo-bisubstitution for a detailed mechanism). The equilibrium in this reaction usually favors the carbonyl compound and amine, so that azeotropic distillation or use of a dehydrating agent, such as molecular sieves or magnesium sulfate, is required to push the reaction in favor of imine formation.
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Salvatore and T. Shima, "Of coconuts and integrity," Crux Mathematicorum, 4 (1978) 182–185 Clever and succinct solutions using modulo congruences, sieves, and alternate number bases have been devised based partly or mostly on the recursive definition of the problem, a structure that won't be applicable in the general case. The smallest positive solutions to both versions are sufficiently large that trial and error is very likely to be fruitless. An ingenious concept of negative coconuts was introduced that fortuitously solves the original problem. Formalistic solutions are based on Euclid's algorithm applied to the Diophantine coefficients.
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He is now a Distinguished Research Fellow at the Department of Materials Science at the University of Cambridge. He also holds a Distinguished Visiting Professorship at the National University of Singapore and a Research Professorship in the MRL at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Cheetham's area of research is inorganic and hybrid materials, and involves their synthesis, characterization and applications. He has worked on the development of advanced methods for the chemical and structural characterization of polycrystalline materials and the application of these techniques to the study of zeolite catalysts, molecular sieves, and optical materials.
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Suib took on inorganic photochemistry as a research interest in the 1980s. He studied photochemistry and the electron and energy transfer between rare earth and actinide ions in zeolites. His research indicated that selective placement of certain inorganic ions in zeolite molecular sieves can be used to control the energy transfer efficiencies in various displays and luminescence devices. In a research article published in 1990, Suib studied the photochemistry of semiconductor surfaces and examined the in situ photo-reduction of tin sulfide by applying various analysis such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, photogravimetric analysis and residual gas analysis.
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A nitrogen generator Bottle of 4Å molecular sieves Pressure swing adsorption provides separation of oxygen or nitrogen from air without liquefaction. The process operates around ambient temperature; a zeolite (molecular sponge) is exposed to high pressure air, then the air is released and an adsorbed film of the desired gas is released. The size of compressor is much reduced over a liquefaction plant, and portable oxygen concentrators are made in this manner to provide oxygen-enriched air for medical purposes. Vacuum swing adsorption is a similar process; the product gas is evolved from the zeolite at sub-atmospheric pressure.
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Nowadays, non-destructive electron microprobe analysis is used to get the empirical formula of a mineral. Finally, the International Zeolite Association (IZA) took care of the zeolite frameworks (part of molecular sieves and/or molecular cages). There are only a few thousand mineral species and 83 geochemically stable chemical elements combine to form them (84 elements, if plutonium and the Atomic Age are included). The mineral evolution in the geologic time context were discussed and summarised by Arkadii G. Zhabin (and subsequent Russian workers), Robert M. Hazen, William A. Deer, Robert A. Howie and Jack Zussman.
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In the low temperature (-185 °C) double column the nitrogen-enriched gas is separated into the reject nitrogen stream containing less than 1.5% methane and a low pressure methane stream containing less than 1.5% nitrogen. The liquid methane stream is pumped to 10 bar and then to the sales gas compressors. The reject nitrogen stream is heated and used to regenerate the molecular sieves then the sulphur-rich gas is burnt in a thermal oxidiser. There are four electric motor-driven sales gas compressors each of capacity per day at standard conditions with a discharge pressure of 55-75 barg.
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Hotching tubs, even when mechanised, still needed constant supervision, and were replaced by newly-available automated fixed-sieve jigging machines. These still involved forcing water up and down through the bed of ore, but the sieves, covered with a three-inch (76 mm) layer of galena, were stationary; material of the same density passed through the bed but lighter material was washed into the next sieve down the line. They were very effective and enabled a complete separation of galena and gangue. In the 1890s, Captain Borlase's efforts to save labour costs involved improvements to the mill, making it a continuous process.
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The words created for or adopted into the language provide some insight into the social life, customs and beliefs of its original speakers—for example, there are a large number of verbs that translate "to rob" and many of the words are crude, blunt, or intended as insults. As in the Gacería of the makers of threshing-boards and sieves in Cantalejo, Segovia and the Galician Fala dos arxinas, some of the words are taken from Basque language. While the Basque regions were far from the tejero routes, the non-Romance vocabulary of Basque makes it unintelligible to outsiders.
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In 1864 Traube was the first to produce artificial semipermeable membranes, recognizing them as molecular sieves and using them in developing the first physical-chemical theory of plant cell growth. The artificial cells were created by putting droplets of glue in tannic acid; these grew under infusion of water. (Other membranes were created with tannic acid plus verdigris or potassium ferrocyanide plus copper chloride). These membranes laid the foundation for research into osmotic pressure in solutions (Wilhelm Pfeffer and Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff used them), and Traube himself did research on the manifestations of diffusion and osmosis.
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Steam reforming (SR), sometimes referred to as steam methane reforming (SMR) uses an external source of hot gas to heat tubes in which a catalytic reaction takes place that converts steam and lighter hydrocarbons such as methane, biogas or refinery feedstock into hydrogen and carbon monoxide (syngas). Syngas reacts further to give more hydrogen and carbon dioxide in the reactor. The carbon oxides are removed before use by means of pressure swing adsorption (PSA) with molecular sieves for the final purification. The PSA works by adsorbing impurities from the syngas stream to leave a pure hydrogen gas.
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Mobil Composition of Matter (MCM) is the initial name given for a series of mesoporous materials that were first synthesized by Mobil's researchers in 1992. MCM-41 (Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41) and MCM-48 (Mobil Composition of Matter No. 48) are two of the most popular mesoporous molecular sieves that are keenly studied by researchers. The most striking fact about the MCM-41 and MCM-48 is that, although composed of amorphous silica wall, they possess long range ordered framework with uniform mesopores. These materials also possess large surface area, which can be up to more than 1000 m2g−1.
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The aim of barley cleaning is to remove foreign matter (straw, chaff, dust and thin corns) found in the incoming grain, leaving only the grain most likely to produce a good malt. Magnets are used to remove metals from the grain, in turn reducing the possibility of sparks, which could lead to a dust explosion. Rotating and shaking sieves are used to remove unwanted foreign matter either larger (straw and un-threshed ears) or smaller (sand and thin corns) than the normal barley grain. During the sieving process an aspiration system removes the dust and chaff.
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Photon Sieve A photon sieve is a device for focusing light using diffraction and interference. It consists of a flat sheet of material full of pinholes that are arranged in a pattern which is similar to the rings in a Fresnel zone plate, but a sieve brings light to much sharper focus than a zone plate. The sieve concept, first developed in 2001, is versatile because the characteristics of the focusing behaviour can be altered to suit the application by manufacturing a sieve containing holes of several different sizes and different arrangement of the pattern of holes. Photon sieves have applications to photolithography.
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For the large primes used in cryptography, Provable primes can be generated using variants of Pocklington primality test or Probable primes using standard probabilistic primality tests such as the Baillie–PSW primality test or the Miller–Rabin primality test. Both the provable and probable primality tests use modular exponentiation, a comparatively expensive computation. To reduce the computational cost, the integers are first checked for any small prime divisors using either sieves similar to the Sieve of Eratosthenes or Trial division. Integers with special forms, such as Mersenne prime or Fermat primes, can be efficiently tested for primality if the prime factorization of p − 1 or p + 1 is known.
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Spider A spider () is a type of skimmer prevalent in East Asian cuisine in the form of a wide shallow wire-mesh basket with a long handle, used for removing hot food from a liquid or skimming foam off when making broths. The name is derived from the wire pattern, which looks like a spider's web. It has been widely adopted in Western cuisine by cooks who favour the open mesh over slotted spoons for faster and safer drainage. Unlike sieves or strainers, which have fine mesh screens for straining away liquids as food is retrieved, the spider can be used as a strainer for larger pieces of food.
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An incremental formulation of the sieveO'Neill, Melissa E., "The Genuine Sieve of Eratosthenes", Journal of Functional Programming, published online by Cambridge University Press 9 October 2008 , pp. 10, 11 (contains two incremental sieves in Haskell: a priority-queue–based one by O'Neill and a list–based, by Richard Bird). generates primes indefinitely (i.e., without an upper bound) by interleaving the generation of primes with the generation of their multiples (so that primes can be found in gaps between the multiples), where the multiples of each prime are generated directly by counting up from the square of the prime in increments of (or for odd primes).
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Up until the 1970s the cockles were gathered by women using hand-rakes and riddles (coarse sieves) with the help of donkey carts, often braving very hard conditions. Now they are harvested mostly by men, still by hand but using tractors or Land Rovers. The original small, family- owned factories in Penclawdd have been demolished and cockles are now processed in two large, modern factories in the nearby village of Crofty; the product is largely exported to continental Europe. Other local delicacies include laverbread (laver seaweed Porphyra umbilicalis washed and boiled; it is eaten dipped in oatmeal and fried in bacon fat) and salt marsh lamb.
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In 1967 Chien published three papers in Science that advanced the understanding of the physics behind the flow of red blood cells. Chien and his colleagues were able to explore the flow properties of red blood cells through various experiments involved with filtering red blood cells through plastic porous sieves. One key finding was that the flow of red blood cells does not follow Newtonian behavior and this characteristic is fundamental in aiding red blood cells to squeeze through capillaries. Chien and his colleagues further discovered the importance of the malleability of red blood cells to pass through tiny pores smaller than the cells' diameter.
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The entire process of threshing generates a thin dust that soaks in through the respiratory system and sticks to the throat. During the sweeping, the husks and the chaff are separated to one part of the threshing-floor, while the grain, still not entirely clean, was winnowed, either by traditional of winnowing with sieves, or by a mechanical winnowing machine.The non-industrial agriculture that remains in marginal places of Europe and many underdeveloped Mediterranean areas, and where the threshing board and other traditional implements remain customary, preserve an ancestral vocabulary that forms part of the heritage of these countries. Almost all of this vocabulary is in danger of extinction.
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A sealed canister, commonly filled with 350x350px Vials of mesoporous silica A molecular sieve is a material with pores (very small holes) of uniform size. These pore diameters are similar in size to small molecules, and thus large molecules cannot enter or be adsorbed, while smaller molecules can. As a mixture of molecules migrate through the stationary bed of porous, semi-solid substance referred to as a sieve (or matrix), the components of highest molecular weight (which are unable to pass into the molecular pores) leave the bed first, followed by successively smaller molecules. Some molecular sieves are used in chromatography, a separation technique that sorts molecules based on their size.
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National Archaeological Museum, Athens. It is not clear what the functions of the vessels were, but scholars have proposed some possibilities.This paragraph is paraphrased from Cup-types and bowls were probably for drinking and hydrias and pitchers for pouring liquids, while cauldrons and pans may have been used to prepare food, and other specialised forms such as sieves, lamps and braziers had more specific functions. Several scholars have suggested that metal vessels played an important role in ritual drinking ceremonies and communal feasting, where the use of the valuable bronze and precious metal vessels by elites signified their high status, power and superiority over lower-status participants who used ceramic vessels.
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Coalescence (physics) shows how Coalescing filters operating at lower temperatures and high pressures work better. These filters additionally remove particles. The most commonly used media in this case is Borosilicate micro-fiber. In the Oil and Gas, Petrochemical and Oil Refining industries, Liquid-Gas coalescers are widely used to remove water and hydrocarbon liquids to <0.011 ppmw (plus particulate matter to <0.3 um in size) from natural gas to ensure natural gas quality and protect downstream equipment such as compressors, gas turbines, amine or glycol absorbers, molecular sieves, PSA's, metering stations, mercury guard beds, gas fired heaters or furnaces, heat exchangers or gas-gas purification membranes.
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The Zultanski–Zhao–Stahl oxidative amide coupling is a reaction between a primary alcohol and an amine to form an amide. In the Zultanski–Zhao–Stahl reaction, a primary alcohol is oxidized to an aldehyde which, in the presence of an amine, reversibly forms a hemiaminal which is then irreversibly oxidized to the amide by the catalyst. The reaction is performed under an atmosphere of oxygen in the presence of 3Å molecular sieves using relatively high ABNO loading of 3 mol %. Optimal reaction conditions are substrate dependent, requiring specific copper(I) sources, ligands, and solvents depending on the structure of the starting alcohol and amines.
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He is known to have proposed, with H. Knozinger as his associate, alumina surface models and, together with S. Sivasanker, models of Co-Mo-alumina hydrodesulfurisation catalyst which are considered as valid models. He is also credited with the synthesis and characterization of twelve molecular sieves. Ratnasamy has developed and patented a cataylic method for the production of biofuel for jets from plant and animal triglycerides and fatty acids. The method deploys a technique where the hydrocarbons in the oils are unlocked by removing the oxygen and releasing it in the form of carbon dioxide, instead of in the form water, which requires the use of expensive hydrogen.
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The gort cloud is "a vast, largely invisible and growing (environmentally- aware) 'community' that sieves, measures and exchanges information on environmental (green) products and services." "The community includes NGOs, government agencies, certifying groups, academics, eco-tech specialists, business alliances, green media including green business news, sustainable designers, foundations, other social networks, conferences, trade shows, events, competitions, green blogs, special interest groups, and trendspotters—to name just a few."Seireeni, Richard, The Gort Cloud, Chelsea Green, 2008 Author's Website The book examines the marketing and brand- building experiences of sustainable businesses in America and discusses the gort cloud concept. It was critically reviewed by TreeHugger in December 2008.
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Dieffenbacher's Wood business unit plans and constructs complete solutions for the wood products industry. Here, they manufacture production systems for particle board, medium-density fiberboard (MDF), high- density fiberboard (HDF), oriented strand boards (OSB/OSL) as well as laminated veneer lumber (LVL). Dieffenbacher supplies solutions from the shredding of the supplied wood to the pressing of the boards all the way to the application of the surface finish. A complete system for the manufacture of wooden composite board typically encompasses power-generating facilities, shredding machines, dryers, sieves and sifters, gluing apparatus, controls, forming lines, intermittent or continuous press systems, coating units, finishing-, warehousing- and process control systems as well as online maintenance systems.
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Before printing it is essential to strain or sieve all colours in order to free them from lumps, fine sand, and other impurities, which would inevitably damage the highly polished surface of the engraved rollers and result in bad printing. Every scratch on the surface of a roller prints a fine line on the cloth, and too much care, therefore, cannot be taken to remove, as far as possible, all grit and other hard particles from every colour. Straining is usually done by squeezing the colour through filter cloths like artisanal fine cotton, silk or industrial woven nylon. Fine sieves can also be employed for colours that are used hot or are very strongly alkaline or acid.
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The roots of CarboTech AC GmbH connect to the early 1938 when the foundation of the bituminous coal mining society (Steinkohlenbergbauvereins) has taken place. After World War II, the Bergwerksverband GmbH began setting up experimental facilities for the production and development of activated carbons from bituminous coal. In 1956, a large-scale pilot plant was commissioned on the site of the former Queen Elisabeth coal mine (Zeche Königin Elisabeth) in Essen and in 1958, foundation for the Bergbau-Forschung GmbH Archive NRW as the research institute of bituminous coal mining was established. Later in the 1970s, the development of Carbon Molecular Sieves took place and this enabled the production of 99.999% pure nitrogen and hydrogen by Bergbau-Forschung GmbH.
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When the desired purity is reached and the first cylinder reaches roughly 20 psi the oxygen and small amounts of other gases are released into the pressure equalizing reservoir. As the pressure in the first cylinder drops the nitrogen is desorbed, the valve is closed, and the gas is vented into the ambient air. Most of the oxygen produced is delivered to the patient; part is fed back into the sieves (at greatly reduced pressure) to flush away left over nitrogen, and prepare the zeolite for the next cycle. The atmosphere contains around 21% oxygen and 78% nitrogen; the 1% remainder is a mixture of other gases which pass through this process.
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One variation of the Povarov reaction is a four component reaction.Straightforward Access to a Structurally Diverse Set of Oxacyclic Scaffolds through a Four-Component Reaction Oscar Jiménez, Guillermo de la Rosa, Rodolfo Lavilla Angewandte Chemie International Edition Volume 44, Issue 40 , Pages 6521 - 6525 2005 Abstract Whereas in the traditional Povarov reaction the intermediate carbocation gives an intramolecular reaction with the aryl group, this intermediate can also be terminated by an additional nucleophile such as an alcohol. Scheme 4 depicts this 4 component reaction with the ethyl ester of glyoxylic acid, 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran, aniline and ethanol with lewis acid scandium(III) triflate and molecular sieves. Scheme 4 Four component Povarov reaction.
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Cockle gatherers on the Llanrhidian Sands, South Wales-early morning, etching from a painting by Edward Duncan, 1849, National Library of Wales Originally, the cockles were collected by a donkey pulling a flat cart, this was replaced by pony and flat cart, and nowadays a Land Rover is used. Gathering cockles is regulated by "The Burry Inlet Cockle Fishery Order, 1965". Two grades of cockles are gathered: "boiling" cockles are smaller and cooked locally before being taken to market; "shell" cockles are larger and obtained by more intensive sieving, using larger-meshed sieves on the cockle beds. Cockles need to be thoroughly washed clean, and cooked, so it is best to buy them from a cockle producer.
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Flotation machine in use at Hallan Çemi, southeast Turkey, c. 1990. Note the two sieves catching charred seeds and charcoal, and the bags of archaeological matrix waiting for flotation Pal(a)eoethnobotany or archaeobotany is the archaeological sub-field of environmental archaeology that studies plant remains from archaeological sites.Current Paleoethnobotany Analytical Methods and Cultural Interpretations of Archaeological Plant Remains Basing on the recovery and identification of plant remains and the ecological and cultural information available for modern plants, the major research themes are the use of wild plants, the origins of agriculture and domestication, and the co- evolution of human-plant interactions. Archaeobotany is arguably now a mature discipline, but one that is facing challenges relating to data and communication.
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A blade or propeller grinder Coffee beans can be chopped by using blades rotating at high speed (20,000 to 30,000 rpm), either in a blade grinder designed specifically for coffee and spices, or in a general use home blender. Devices of this sort are cheaper than burr grinders, but the grind is not uniform and will produce particles of widely varying sizes, while ideally all particles should have the same size, appropriate for the method of brewing. Moreover, the particles get smaller and smaller during the grinding process, which makes it difficult to achieve a consistent grind from batch to batch. Blade grinders create “coffee dust” that can clog up sieves in espresso machines and French presses, and are best suited for drip coffee makers.
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The reaction steps are reversible reactions and the reaction is driven to completion by removal of water by azeotropic distillation, molecular sieves or titanium tetrachloride. Primary amines react through an unstable hemiaminal intermediate which then splits off water. :Alkylimino-de-oxo-bisubstitution Secondary amines do not lose water easily because they do not have a proton available and instead they often react further to an aminal: :Reaction of secondary amine with a carbonyl group or when an α-carbonyl proton is present to an enamine: :enamine formation by reaction of amine with carbonyl In acidic environment the reaction product is an iminium salt by loss of water. This reaction type is found in many Heterocycle preparations for example the Povarov reaction and the Friedländer- synthesis to quinolines.
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Miller's work in the field of brain mapping via Medical imaging, specifically statistical methods for iterative image reconstruction, began in the mid 1980s when he joined Donald L. Snyder at Washington University to work on time-of-flight positron emission tomography (PET) systems being instrumented in Michel Ter-Pogossian's group. With Snyder, Miller worked to stabilize likelihood-estimators of radioactive tracer intensities via the method-of-sieves . This became one of the approaches for controlling noise artifacts in the Shepp-Vardi algorithm in the context of low-count, time-of- flight emission tomography. It was during this period that Miller met Lawrence (Larry) Shepp, and he subsequently visited Shepp several times at Bell Labs to speak as part of the Henry Landau seminar series.
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His interactionist theory asserts that at the heart of a metaphor is the interaction between its two subject terms, where the interaction provides the condition for a meaning which neither of the subject terms possesses independently of the metaphorical context. The primary subject in a metaphor, he claims, is coloured by a set of "associated implications" normally predicated of the secondary subject . From the number of possible meanings which could result, the primary subject sieves the qualities predicable of the secondary subject, letting through only those that fit. The interaction, as a process, brings into being what Black terms an "implication- complex", a system of associated implications shared by the linguistic community as well as an impulse of free meaning, free in that it is meaning which was unavailable prior to the metaphor's introduction .
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Most fine coffee goes through a battery of machines that sort the coffee by the density of bean and by bean size, all the while removing sticks, rocks, nails, and miscellaneous debris that may have become mixed with the coffee during drying. First machines blow the beans into the air; those that fall into bins closest to the air source are heaviest and biggest; the lightest (and likely defective) beans plus chaff are blown in the farthest bin. Other machines shake the beans through a series of sieves, sorting them by size. Finally, a machine called a gravity separator shakes the sized beans on a tilted table, so that the heaviest, densest and best vibrate to one side of the pulsating table, and the lightest to the other.
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Pre-Indus Valley Civilization mine, smelt and houses have been found at Khanak hills of Tosham Hill range. Excavations (1968–73 and 1980–86) in the village of Mitathal in Bhiwani have unearthed evidence of pre-Harappan and Harappan (Indus Valley Civilization) culture in the area. Near the village of Naurangabad, about east of Bhiwani city, preliminary diggings in 2001 revealed artifacts including coins, tools, sieves, toys, statues and pots up to 2,500 years old. According to archaeologists the presence of coins, coin moulds, statues and design of the houses, suggests that a town existed here sometimes in the Kushan, Gupta and the Youdheya period till 300 BC. Bhiwani city is mentioned in the Ain-i-Akbari and has been a prominent centre of commerce since the time of the Mughals.
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For propellants to oxidize and burn rapidly and effectively, the combustible ingredients must be reduced to the smallest possible particle sizes, and be as thoroughly mixed as possible. Once mixed, however, for better results in a gun, makers discovered that the final product should be in the form of individual dense grains that spread the fire quickly from grain to grain, much as straw or twigs catch fire more quickly than a pile of sawdust. Because the dry powdered ingredients must be mixed and bonded together for extrusion and cut into grains to maintain the blend, size reduction and mixing is done while the ingredients are damp, usually with water. After 1800, instead of forming grains by hand or with sieves, the damp mill-cake was pressed in molds to increase its density and extract the liquid, forming press-cake.
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Currently there is no practical way of halting or reversing the course of degradation. Many film collectors use camphor tablets but it is not known what the long term effects on the film would be. While there has been significant research regarding various methods of slowing degradation, such as storage in molecular sieves, temperature and moisture are the two key factors affecting the rate of deterioration. According to the Image Permanence Institute, fresh acetate film stored at a temperature of 70 °F (21 °C) and 40% relative humidity will last approximately 50 years before the onset of vinegar syndrome. Reducing the temperature by 15° while maintaining the same level of humidity brings a dramatic improvement: at a temperature of 55 °F (13 °C) and 40% relative humidity, the estimated time until onset of vinegar syndrome is 150 years.
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There are hand ploughs with stout wooden shafts and several large metal sieves used for sifting the soil. There are traditional costumes too, and there are faded old photographs of the village men resplendent in their vrakas and stout leather boots and the women in dresses of striped hand-woven cotton with matching headscarves and large protective aprons. The villagers would wear these costumes for all big celebrations and would weave the cloth on large wooden looms like the one that stands proudly in the corner, as well as making colourful rugs for the walls and floors of their homes. Outside the museum, a traditional clay bread oven can be seen with its smaller side oven that is used to cook the popular local dish kleftiko, which is chunks of lamb that are baked slowly in terracotta pots with marjoram.
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The techniques of sieve theory can be quite powerful, but they seem to be limited by an obstacle known as the parity problem, which roughly speaking asserts that sieve theory methods have extreme difficulty distinguishing between numbers with an odd number of prime factors and numbers with an even number of prime factors. This parity problem is still not very well understood. Compared with other methods in number theory, sieve theory is comparatively elementary, in the sense that it does not necessarily require sophisticated concepts from either algebraic number theory or analytic number theory. Nevertheless, the more advanced sieves can still get very intricate and delicate (especially when combined with other deep techniques in number theory), and entire textbooks have been devoted to this single subfield of number theory; a classic reference is and a more modern text is .
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Modern sieves include the Brun sieve, the Selberg sieve, the Turán sieve, the large sieve, and the larger sieve. One of the original purposes of sieve theory was to try to prove conjectures in number theory such as the twin prime conjecture. While the original broad aims of sieve theory still are largely unachieved, there have been some partial successes, especially in combination with other number theoretic tools. Highlights include: # Brun's theorem, which shows that the sum of the reciprocals of the twin primes converges (whereas the sum of the reciprocals of the primes themselves diverges); # Chen's theorem, which shows that there are infinitely many primes p such that p + 2 is either a prime or a semiprime (the product of two primes); a closely related theorem of Chen Jingrun asserts that every sufficiently large even number is the sum of a prime and another number which is either a prime or a semiprime.
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It is believed the town was named by Austin, who called it Herculaneum because the limestone strata were so eroded that they resembled seats in the amphitheater of the ancient Roman city of Herculaneum buried by Mt. Vesuvius in 79 A.D. The first post office in Jefferson County was at Herculaneum, established soon after the town was laid out, and it remained the only post office in the county for nearly thirty years. By 1813 three shot towers had been constructed on the bluffs. These were designed for the production of shot balls by dropping molten lead through copper sieves. The balls were then caught in a water basin and taken to an adjoining building, to be turned through cylinders to round and smooth the pellets for use as projectiles in firearms. On December 8, 1818, Jefferson County, along with seven other counties, was formed from parts of Saint Louis and Ste.
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Screening ore through a sieve, Fixed Nitrogen Research Laboratory, 1930 Sizer 2000 for screening coarse to small particles Sizing is the general term for separation of particles according to their size. The simplest sizing process is screening, or passing the particles to be sized through a screen or number of screens. Screening equipment can include grizzlies,Grizzly: a grid of iron bars that allows ore of the correct size to travel down the ore pass to the bottom of the mine, ready for hoisting to the surface. An active, articulating "grizzly" that is able to roll, scrub, clean and discharge oversize rock and boulder of up to 4 foot (1220 mm minus)diameter, while recovering all the 2 inch minus (51 mm minus) slurry material for further screening, separation and recovery of target metals/minerals is the DEROCKER system (RMS-Ross Corporation) bar screens, wedge wire screens, radial sieves, banana screens, multi-deck screens, vibratory screen, fine screens, flip flop screens and wire mesh screens.
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Allis-Chalmers Bisbee converter for smelting copper ore, 1902 A photo, in the journal Cement Age, 1910, of a rotary cement kiln built by Allis-Chalmers The managing director of the new company was Charles Allis, his brother William was chairman of the board, and William J. Chalmers was deputy managing director. Shortly after the merger was completed, a new factory was built in an area west of Milwaukee that was then known as North Greenfield. In 1902, with this new factory, the locale was renamed West Allis, Wisconsin. Allis-Chalmer alternator is powerhouse With the combining of the constituent firms, Allis-Chalmers offered a wide array of pyrometallurgic equipment, such as blast furnaces and converters for roasting, smelting, and refining; ore milling equipment, various kinds of crushers and pulverizers, including stamp mills, roller mills, ball mills, conical mills, rod mills, and jigging mills; cyanidation mills and other concentration mills; hoisting engines; cars, including skip cars, slag cars, and general mine cars; briquetting plants; and the pumps, tanks, boilers, compressors, hydraulic accumulators, pipes, valves, sieves, and conveyors needed within these products.
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Davies 2008, p. 1 Utilizing this type of strategy avoids the problem of ignoring the collection of smaller shells, an issue that can result from hand-picking.Davies 2008, p. 1 Once samples are collected, they must be sent to a laboratory to be air-dried.Davies 2008, p. 5 A standard weight is then collected for each sample.Davies 2008, p. 5 Each standardized sample is then placed in a plastic bowl (labeled with stratigraphic information) and covered with hot water.Davies 2008, p. 5 Shells float to the top and are skimmed off into a set of sieves, which separate the shells by size.Davies 2008, p. 5 After shells are removed from the soil, the soil should be covered in a solution of 70% hot water and 30% hydrogen peroxide.Davies 2008, p. 5 Once the mixture fizzes, it is passed through a set of sieves.Davies 2008, p. 5 Both the soil and shells are then placed in the drying oven.Davies 2008, p. 5 After cooling, shells are fully prepared for analysis and can be extracted from the sieves.Davies 2008, p. 5 In analyzing mollusk shells, archaeologists focus on many factors, including: taxonomy, mineral composition of the shell, and organic matter remaining in the shell.
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