To prevent this from happening, battery makers insert separators in between.
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The plant will make separators for lithium ion batteries and ceramic coating.
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Maxwell also has all-ceramic separators, which might make batteries last longer.
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Well-aged trees offer natural separators between the large plots of land.
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I've used many different fat separators, continuously on the lookout for the perfect one.
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Battery manufacturers also put separators between the two sides of the battery to keep them from touching.
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He said advances in ceramic separators had raised the viability of mass production of solid state batteries.
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She finishes organizing what's left of the loot using an easy (and cheap!) system of plastic bins and separators.
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That's what went wrong with the Galaxy Note 7: the separators were flawed and let the two electrodes touch.
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The company believes that background knowledge is one of the key separators between the way humans and machines understand language.
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They pinpointed a pair of main causes: a deflected negative electrode and a weld that penetrated insulators, separators, and insulation tape.
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The maker of machinery such as heat exchangers, separators and ballast water treatment equipment forecast "somewhat higher" demand in the current quarter.
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At first, local officials thought it might be coming from the store's plumbing, and then maybe the garbage disposal or grease separators.
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One idea borrowed from deepwater projects is using sensors to automatically adjust well flows and control separators that divvy natural gas, oil and water.
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If the separators malfunction, which is what happened in the Samsung case, energy is redirected to the electrolytes and that, too, leads to fire.
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As the critical component that separates the positive and negative electrodes in a battery, separators can cause fires if they break down or contain flaws.
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Cummins' filtration business offers more than 8,300 products, including air, fuel, lube and hydraulic filters, as well as fuel water separators, coolants and fuel additives.
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Experts have told CNBC the cause might be thin separators between battery layers, or a manufacturing error, but Samsung has not responded to a request for clarification.
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Miele, whose roots go back to 1899 when Carl Miele and Reinhard Zinkann founded a company to manufacture dairy cream separators, confirmed it had received the letter.
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As monotonous green-gray metal separators, shielding the projects, have sprouted across Paris, the inconveniences have been accompanied by an angry chorus of groans from hapless motorists.
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Every lithium-ion battery is made of sheets of positive (lithium cobalt oxide) and negative electrodes (carbon), with perforated separators between them, wound in tight, overlapping spirals.
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The maker of machinery such as heat exchangers, separators and ballast water treatment equipment said order intake decreased by 20% during the second quarter to 10.0 billion crowns ($1.07 billion).
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"We must not make ourselves dependent on a few Asian manufacturers in the long term," Diess said, explaining that advances in ceramic separators had raised the viability of mass production.
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The maker of machinery such as heat exchangers, separators and ballast water treatment equipment, is benefiting from a rebound in contracting for tankers as well as upstream oil and gas activity.
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The auditors identify basic failures like missing or uneven insulation tape and charge level inconsistencies, while also pointing to thinner internal separators and the Note 7 battery's higher energy density as contributing factors.
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Alfa Laval, a maker of products such as heat exchangers, separators and ballast water treatment equipment, said order intake dropped to 11.2 billion crowns from 11.6 billion, just below the 11.4 billion analysts' forecast.
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First of all, the robot now includes lateral stability, which means it can roll over small obstacles like thick extension cords, room separators and differing floor materials at almost any speed without toppling over.
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If companies made incremental improvements instead of looking for a fix quick—like making separators thinner to improve the energy and power densities—the batteries they built could be more sustainable, according to McClenny.
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Through its robust mail-order business — some catalogs were more than 500 pages — Sears shipped groceries, rifles, corsets, cream separators, davenports, stoves and entire prefab houses to some of the most remote regions of the country.
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The list of 15 included a number of specific and relatively common uses for asbestos, including as separators in fuel cells and batteries and as a component in vinyl-asbestos floor tile and high-grade electrical paper.
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There's also a number of items I use in my daily routine that are not available locally in Cannes, like specific sponge buffers, polish remover pads, toe separators and acetone, that just makes my life a little easier.
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Visitors and residents alike can now glide for miles along the river banks on a bike, protected from the cars by granite separators, or all the way across the city, from Concorde to Bastille, beating the gridlocked traffic.
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While Irwin doesn't see any problems with battery production in the next five to 10 years — "not on lithium, not on cobalt, not on separators, or electrolytes, I don't see it" — Panasonic will always get the best price on things coming from its own supply chain.
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You can decide for yourself if the content contains, as Reid's lawyers state, "jarring changes in style and substance" or "uncharacteristic HTML/graphics formatting, and font selection, such as quote offsets, paragraph separators," but this page alone tilts the forensic evidence against Reid's version of events.
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Steamships and steam-powered cream separators allowed Denmark to become a huge exporter of butter (and pork) to the UK, leading in turn to impressive prosperity on the eve of World War I. One interesting point about this export surge is that in a way it was value-added production, like the exports of modern developing economies that rely on imported inputs – except that in Denmark's case it was imports of animal feed from North America that helped provide a crucial edge.
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Polymer separators, similar to battery separators in general, act as a separator of the anode and cathode in the Li-ion battery while also enabling the movement of ions through the cell. Additionally, many of the polymer separators, typically multilayer polymer separators, can act as “shutdown separators”, which are able to shut down the battery if it becomes too hot during the cycling process. These multilayered polymer separators are generally composed of one or more polyethylene layers which serve to shut down the battery and at least one polypropylene layer which acts as a form of mechanical support for the separator.
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"High Refractive Index Polymer Coatings". SPIE Proceedings of Optical Systems Design. Web. High-quality separators are critical for battery performance. Thick separators are one way to reduce self-discharge, but take up space and reduce capacity, while thin separators tend to raise the self-discharge rate.
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There are two main types of electrostatic separators. These work in similar ways, but the forces applied to the particles are different and these forces are gravity and electrostatic attraction. The two types are electrodynamic separators (or high tension rollers) or electrostatic separators. In high tension rollers, particles are charged by a corona discharge.
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Requires only ASCII characters if optional separators are not used.
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As a result, the separators of this merged node are exactly the separators of the two original nodes. As a result, merging a pair of nodes joined by a separator does not change the other separators. As a result, a fixed maximal separator size can be enforced by first calculating all separator sizes and then iteratively merging any pair of nodes having a separator larger than a given amount, and the size of the separators do not need to be recalculated during execution.
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They are referred to as oil-grit separators (OGS) or oil-sediment separators (OSS). They consist of a specialized manhole chamber, and use the water flow and/or gravity to separate oil and grit.
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The separators must remain stable over the battery's operating temperature range.
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Many structural defects can form in polymer separators due to temperature changes. These structural defects can result in a thicker separators. Furthermore, there can be intrinsic defects in the polymers themselves, such as polyethylene often begins to deteriorate during the stages of polymerization, transportation, and storage. Additionally, defects such as tears or holes can form during the synthesis of polymer separators.
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Drawing of a spiral separator The term spiral separator can refer to either a device for separating slurry components by density (wet spiral separators), or for a device for sorting particles by shape (dry spiral separators).
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Oil from the platform wellheads and subsea wells is routed to one of the three horizontal first stage 3-phase separators.Process Overall Flow Scheme, undated Oil from the separators is combined and fed to common second, third and fourth stage 3-phase separators. Processed oil is exported by pipeline to the Fulmar A installation and thence via Norpipe to Teesside. Gas from the second, third and fourth stage separators is compressed to the operating pressure of the first stage separators with which it is combined and further compressed.
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Some tagging systems provide a single text box to enter tags, so to be able to tokenize the string, a separator must be used. Two popular separators are the space character and the comma. To enable the use of separators in the tags, a system may allow for higher-level separators (such as quotation marks) or escape characters. Systems can avoid the use of separators by allowing only one tag to be added to each input widget at a time, although this makes adding multiple tags more time-consuming.
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A typical parallel plate separator Parallel plate separators are similar to API separators but they include tilted parallel plate assemblies (also known as parallel packs). The parallel plates provide more surface for suspended oil droplets to coalesce into larger globules. Such separators still depend upon the specific gravity between the suspended oil and the water. However, the parallel plates enhance the degree of oil-water separation.
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There are explicit line and paragraph separators at U+2018 and U+2019.
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Plate separators, or Coalescing Plate Separators are similar to API separators, in that they are based on Stokes Law principles, but include inclined plate assemblies (also known as parallel packs). The underside of each parallel plate provides more surface for suspended oil droplets to coalesce into larger globules. Coalescing plate separators may not be effective in situation where water chemicals or suspended solids restrict or prevent oil droplets coalesce. In operation it is intended that sediment will slide down the topside of each parallel plate, however in many practical situations the sediment can adhere to the plates requiring periodic removal and cleaning.
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However, many refineries now use plastic parallel plate packing to enhance the gravity separation. Today regulations often require API separators with fixed or floating covers for volatile organic compound (VOC) control. Also, most API separators must be above ground for spill detection.
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A piping system directs the gas from the separators to the gas compressor for compression.
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Different colored terminal strips provide a clear layout, and separators increase air and creepage distances.
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Separators between the positive and negative plates prevent short circuit through physical contact, mostly through dendrites ("treeing"), but also through shedding of the active material. Separators allow the flow of ions between the plates of an electro-chemical cell to form a closed circuit. Wood, rubber, glass fiber mat, cellulose, and PVC or polyethylene plastic have been used to make separators. Wood was the original choice, but it deteriorates in the acid electrolyte.
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In most Post-Soviet states DD.MM.YYYY format is used with dots as separators and with leading zeros. Some, such as Lithuania, have adopted the ISO 8601 "YYYY-MM-DD"; previously a mixed standard with ISO 8601 order but dots as separators was in use.
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Both a comma and a period are generally accepted decimal separators for international use. Three ways to group the number ten thousand with digit group separators. 1) Space, the internationally recommended thousands separator. 2) Period (spoken as point), the thousands separator in many non-English speaking countries.
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The separators should be easily accessible or removable so that they can be cleaned if plugging occurs.
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A 2018 study identified nanoporous ceramic separators that block Li dendrite growth up to critical current densities.
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The pressure drop of multiple-cyclone separators collectors is higher than that of single-cyclone separators, requiring more energy to clean the same amount of air. A single- chamber cyclone separator of the same volume is more economical, but doesn't remove as much dust. Cyclone separators are found in all types of power and industrial applications, including pulp and paper plants, cement plants, steel mills, petroleum coke plants, metallurgical plants, saw mills and other kinds of facilities that process dust.
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API Publication 421. These separators can be used to separate large oil droplets, typically greater than 150 micron.
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According to the Open Group Base Specifications, IFS is an abbreviation for "input field separators". A newer version of this specification mentions that that "this name is misleading as the IFS characters are actually used as field terminators." However, IFS is often referred to as "internal field separators" on the internet.
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Blinking became red. Underlined text was presented as blue. High intensity blinking became pink. High intensity column separators became turquoise.
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The preservation of viewsheds is frequently a goal in the designation of open space areas, green belts, and community separators.
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Its principle hardware sales consist of high efficiency separators and internals for gas scrubbing, demisting, deoiling, defoaming and flow distribution.
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A protocol called the IBM 5250 Data Stream interpreted field attributes such as blinking, non-display, high intensity, reverse image, underline, and column separators and was used in combination to create colors. Normal text was presented as green on a 3180 color terminal, but high intensity became white. Column separators became yellow. Blinking became red.
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Contains an array of indices and separators, that defines the outer boundary of the TIN and its holes. The indices are in the range of 1 to the number of points ([1, # of points]). The separators are -1 (0xFFFFFFFF) and zero (0). If the TIN is constructed using superpoints (usually the first 4 points), `thul.
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Well fluids were routed to one of the separators either the High Pressure Separator or the Low Pressure Separator. Each acted as a 3-phase (oil/gas/water) separator. Oil from the separators was co-mingled and sent directly to Ninian Central via a 24” pipeline. As wellhead pressures declined a multi-phase pump was installed to provide sufficient pressure to export the oil to Ninian Central. Vapour from the Separators was used as fuel gas excess gas was routed to Ninian Central through a 10” gas pipeline.
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The chemical structure of polypropylene The chemical structure of polyethylene Specific types of polymers are ideal for the different types of synthesis. Most polymers currently used in battery separators are polyolefin based materials with semi-crystalline structure. Among them, polyethylene, polypropylene, and their blends such as polyethylene-polypropylene are widely used. Recently, graft polymers have been studied in an attempt to improve battery performance, including micro-porous poly(methyl methacrylate)-grafted and siloxane grafted polyethylene separators, which show favorable surface morphology and electrochemical properties compared to conventional polyethylene separators.
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Separators have to physically separate the two electrodes to prevent a short circuit by direct contact. It can be very thin (a few hundredths of a millimeter) and must be very porous to the conducting ions to minimize ESR. Furthermore, separators must be chemically inert to protect the electrolyte's stability and conductivity. Inexpensive components use open capacitor papers.
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Possibly because Gustaf de Laval manufactured the first cream separators, many people credit the invention to de Laval. However, many patents appear before his, all of them labelled as 'improvements'. One of the first specifically for cream separation was patented by W. C. L. Lefeldt and C. G. O. Lentsch. The original centrifugal separators were hand-cranked, as illustrated.
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However, it is common for the gyratory separators to separate either dry or wet materials only. This is because there are different parameters for the gyratory screen to have the best separation efficiency. Therefore, two separators would be required for the separation of dry and wet materials, while one trommel screen would be able to do the same job.
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Centrifugal oil–water separators are also used for filtering diesel and lubricating oils by removing the waste particles and impurity from them.
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Centrifugal oil-water separators are also used for filtering diesel and lubricating oils by removing the waste particles and impurity from them.
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BMS is expected to be applied as bipolar field effect spin filter and field effect spin valve, or entangled electron detectors and separators.
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Ni/MH, like the lithium-ion battery, provides high energy and power density with long cycle lives. This technology's greatest problem is its inherent high corrosion rate in aqueous solutions. The most commonly used separators are porous insulator films of polyolefin, nylon or cellophane. Acrylic compounds can be radiation-grafted onto these separators to make their properties more wettable and permeable.
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Voronezhselmash () produces equipment for post-harvest handling, drying and storing grain, including grain elevators and separators. Construction of grain elevators for turnkey grain storage.
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Furthermore, proved that the predecessor relation gives rise to a complete lattice when restricted to the set of minimal (a,b)-separators in G.
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Because every dipath appears in at most two consecutive layers, and because each G_i is formed by two consecutive layers, every dipath in G appears in its entirety in at least one G_i (and no more than 2 consecutive such graphs) For each G_i, three separators are identified which, when removed, break the graph into three components which each contain at most 1/2 the vertices of the original. As G_i is built from two layers of opposed dipaths, each separator may consist of up to 2 dipaths, for a total of up to 6 dipaths over all of the separators. Let S be this set of dipaths. The proof that such separators can always be found is related to the Planar Separator Theorem of Lipton and Tarjan, and these separators can be located in linear time.
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The sealing of the separators is differentiated into four types: open, semi- closed, hydro-hermetic (sealing of the product space) or fully hermetic (absolute airtight).
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Programming colors did not require a new screen programming language, because the implementation was completely at the hardware level. A protocol called the IBM 5250 Data Stream interpreted field attributes such as blinking, non-display, high intensity, reverse image, underline, and column separators and was used in combination to create colors. Normal text was presented as green on a 3180 color terminal, but high intensity became white. Column separators became yellow.
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Separator found between posterior teeth Separators, also known as orthodontic spacers, are usually placed between posterior teeth to open up contact point prior to placing metal orthodontic bands. The separators should ideally be kept in place until the patient's next appointment in order for the orthodontic band to fit. If the separator is lost, the orthodontist should be informed and he/she can advise for a next appointment for the patient.
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Kone- ja Siltarakennus Oy ("Kone ja Silta"; ; "Maskin o. Bro") is a Finnish former engineering company based in Sörnäinen, Helsinki. The 1892 founded company grew heavily in the 1920s and 1930s by acquiring Finnish engineering companies; the products were ships, steel bridges, weighing scales, separators and other machinery. The company's separators were produced under brands Lacta and Milka and they were also produced in Sweden, Denmark and France.
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The mixture of steam and water is led by the upper steam lines, one for each pressure channel, from the reactor top to the steam separators, pairs of thick horizontal drums located in side compartments above the reactor top; each has diameter, length, wall thickness of , and weighs . Steam, with steam quality of about 15%, is taken from the top of the separators by two steam collectors per separator, combined, and led to two turbogenerators in the turbine hall, then to condensers, reheated to , and pumped by the condensate pumps to deaerators, where remains of gaseous phase and corrosion-inducing gases are removed. The resulting feedwater is led to the steam separators by feedwater pumps and mixed with water from them at their outlets. From the bottom of the steam separators, the feedwater is led by 12 downpipes (from each separator) to the suction headers of the main circulation pumps, and back into the reactor.
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Tarmiya was the main site for electromagnetic isotope separation (EMIS) program for the enrichment of uranium. The site included both 1200 mm and 600 mm separators. Tarmiya was the site of the 20 calutrons used to enrich uranium to 35%, located in two buildings at the site. This huge facility was designed to house 90 electromagnetic isotope separators and eight such separators were actually placed in operation in September 1990, resulting in the production of around half a kilogram of 4% enriched uranium. The Tarmiya site had no security fence and no visible electrical capacity; only later did inspectors discover that it was powered by a 30-kV underground electrical feed from a 150 MWe substation several kilometers away.
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To overcome the shortage of cream, the partners established skimming stations to which farmers delivered their milk to have the cream, used to make butter, separated from the milk. This led to the introduction of their unique credit program of providing farmers with cream separators so they could separate the milk on the farm and retain the skim milk for animal food. This enabled farmers to pay for the separators from the proceeds of their sales of cream. The program worked so well, the company sold more than 50,000 separators in Nebraska from 1895 to 1905. On March 1, 1905, the company was incorporated as the Beatrice Creamery Company of Iowa, with capital of $3,000,000.
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As with other types of venturis, a means of separating entrained liquid from the gas stream must be installed. Entrainment separators are commonly used to remove remaining small droplets.
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Most separator technologies will have an optimum range of oil droplet sizes that can be effectively treated. Analysing the oily water to determine droplet size can be performed with a video particle analyser. Each separator technology will have its own performance curve outlining optimum performance based on oil droplet size. the most common separators are gravity tanks or pits, API oil- water separators or plate packs, chemical treatment via DAFs, centrifuges, media filters and hydrocyclones.
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In order to ensure economic viability of these accumulations, the wells may have to be completed subsea, or crude oil from several wells sent to a common production facility with excess processing capacity. The economic constraints on such developments do not lend themselves to the continued deployment of three-phase separators as the primary measurement devices. Consequently, viable alternatives to three-phase separators are essential. Industry’s response is the multiphase flow meter (MPFM).
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Well fluids from the Hudson field are routed to the 3-phase Hudson Production Separator. Separated oil can be routed through the 2-phase Hudson Dehydrator and thence to coolers and segregated metering prior to mixing with the Train A and B oil prior to export. Produced water from the Production Separators and Dehydrators is treated before disposal overboard. Gas from the Separators is co-mingled and compressed in three stages of compression.
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He kept poultry and bees, and made and sold honey separators. He also sold and bought ships. Lyhmann became a businessman in Oslo, where he manned the counter. Lyhmann married twice.
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AFM-IR has been used to study hydrated Nafion membranes used as separators in fuel cells. The measurements revealed the distribution of free and ionically bound water on the Nafion surface.
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Because of performance limitations the water discharged from API type separators usually requires several further processing stages before the treated water can be discharged or reused. Further water treatment is designed to remove oil droplets smaller than 150 micron, dissolved materials and hydrocarbons, heavier oils or other contaminants not removed by the API. Secondary treatment technologies include dissolved air flotation (DAF), Anaerobic and Aerobic biological treatment, Parallel Plate Separators, Hydrocyclone, Walnut Shell Filters and Media filters.
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An API oil–water separator is a device designed to separate gross amounts of oil and suspended solids from the wastewater effluents of oil refineries, petrochemical plants, chemical plants, natural gas processing plants and other industrial sources. The name is derived from the fact that such separators are designed according to API Publication 421, published by the American Petroleum Institute.American Petroleum Institute (API), Washington, D.C. "Management of Water Discharges: Design and Operation of Oil-Water Separators." 1st ed. 1990.
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In addition to polymer separators, there are several other types of separators. There are nonwovens, which consist of a manufactured sheet, web, or mat of directionally or randomly oriented fibers. Supported liquid membranes, which consist of a solid and liquid phase contained within a microporous separator. Additionally there are also polymer electrolytes which can form complexes with different types of alkali metal salts, which results in the production of ionic conductors which serve as solid electrolytes.
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Underlined text was presented as blue. High intensity blinking became pink. High intensity column separators became turquoise. Unfortunately, extensive use of colors became confusing when using the less expensive dual-color terminals.
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The European Commission has issued a Waste Directive that classifies amalgam waste as a hazardous waste. The waste should be separated from other waste by fitting amalgam separators in all dental practices.
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Separators may be combined into a separator hierarchy of a planar graph, a recursive decomposition into smaller graphs. A separator hierarchy may be represented by a binary tree in which the root node represents the given graph itself, and the two children of the root are the roots of recursively constructed separator hierarchies for the induced subgraphs formed from the two subsets A and B of a separator. A separator hierarchy of this type forms the basis for a tree decomposition of the given graph, in which the set of vertices associated with each tree node is the union of the separators on the path from that node to the root of the tree. Since the sizes of the graphs go down by a constant factor at each level of the tree, the upper bounds on the sizes of the separators also go down by a constant factor at each level, so the sizes of the separators on these paths add in a geometric series to O(√n).
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Another important tool are clique separators as described by Tarjan. Kőnig's theorem implies that in a bipartite graph the maximum independent set can be found in polynomial time using a bipartite matching algorithm.
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The API separator was developed by the API and the Rex Chain Belt Company (now Evoqua). The first API separator was installed in 1933 at the Atlantic Refining Company (ARCO) refinery in Philadelphia. Since that time, virtually all of the refineries worldwide have installed API separators as a first primary stage of their oily wastewater treatment plants. The majority of those refineries installed the API separators using the original design based on the specific gravity difference between oil and water.
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Turbo roundabouts can be built with raised lane separators (common in the Netherlands) or with lane markings only. The use of raised lane separators prevents road users from weaving (thereby reducing conflicts) but can make maneuvering more difficult for large vehicles. According to simulations, a two-lane roundabout with three exits should offer 12–20% greater traffic flow than a conventional, three-lane roundabout of the same size. The reason is reduced weaving that makes entering and exiting more predictable.
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The program LISE++"LISE++: Radioactive beam production with in-flight separators", O. B. Tarasov and D. Bazin, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B (2008) 4657-4664. is designed to predict the intensity and purity of radioactive ion beams (RIB) produced by In-flight separators. LISE++ also facilitates the tuning of experiments where its results can be quickly compared to on-line data. The program is constantly expanding and evolving from the feedback of its users around the world.
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Unlike many forms of technology, polymer separators were not developed specifically for batteries. They were instead spin-offs of existing technologies, which is why most are not optimized for the systems they are used in. Even though this may seem unfavorable, most polymer separators can be mass-produced at a low cost, because they are based on existing forms of technologies. Yoshino and co- workers at Asahi Kasei first developed them for a prototype of secondary lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in 1983.
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Shapes which are not round enough are collected at the bottom of the flight. Separators of this type may be used for removing weed seeds from the intended harvest, or to remove deformed lead shot.
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Separators are used to divide liquids. Vertically supported centrifuges are built with flying bearings. A separator is a continuous sedimentation centrifuge. Both exit streams are continuously discharged, using a pump (under pressure) or pressure-free.
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Word splitting is the process of parsing concatenated text (i.e. text that contains no spaces or other word separators) to infer where word breaks exist. Word splitting may also refer to the process of hyphenation.
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Swayne, Robinson and Company was founded in 1842 by Francis W. Robinson when Robinson had bought out their competitor, Edward Borton & Son, under the name F.W. Robinsons. The company made farm equipment which Robinson had grown an interest in and wanted to make an effort in helping decrease waste and increase farm profits. It would manufacture "traveling separators" which allowed farmers to collect more grain per field. By 1860, the company not only manufactured separators but began producing portable steam engines with several patents.
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Orthodontic separators (also known as spacers) are rubber bands or metal appliances used in orthodontics. Spacers are placed between the molars at the second orthodontic appointment before molar bands are applied. They are usually added a week before you get your braces, but can sometimes be added after. Spacers are either circular rubber bands about a centimeter in diameter placed between top and bottom molars; there may be 1-12 spacers applied or small metal spring clips (spring separators) that push the molars apart.
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The research center spread over 387 hectares of land, including 375 hectares of experimental farmland. It contains a series of bio-reactors and downstream processing facilities, such as chromatography columns, membrane separators, spray drier and crystallizer.
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The latter disadvantage may be insignificant where navigable waters contain elevated background levels of petroleum products; and the advantages make hydraulic tankers useful oil spill recovery ships when their storage tanks may act as oil–water separators.
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From the inlet headers the water rises through the waterwalls. Some of it is turned into steam due to the heat being generated by the burners located on the front and rear waterwalls (typically). From the waterwalls, the water/steam mixture enters the steam drum and passes through a series of steam and water separators and then dryers inside the steam drum. The steam separators and dryers remove water droplets from the steam; liquid water carried over into the turbine can produce destructive erosion of the turbine blades.
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The result is that a parallel plate separator requires significantly less space than a conventional API separator to achieve the same degree of separation. ;Hydrocyclone oil separators Hydrocyclone oil separators operate on the process where wastewater enters the cyclone chamber and is spun under extreme centrifugal forces more than 1000 times the force of gravity. This force causes the water and oil droplets to separate. The separated oil is discharged from one end of the cyclone where treated water is discharged through the opposite end for further treatment, filtration or discharge.
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In the recycling industry, colour sorters can distinguish between coloured and colourless PET and coloured and colourless HDPE flakes, as well as being able to separate flakes by colour before re-granulation. Plastic colour separators are used to separate mixed- colour plastic flakes or granules. Plastic type separators (Sensor-based sorting technology) are used to separate plastics with same colours but different materials. The industry recognized technology is use a chute color sorter to sorting plastic pellets, and a belt-type color sorter to sort plastic flake products.
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The solid material can be discharged discontinuously (chamber drum, solid-walled disc drum), pseudo continuously (self-cleaning disc drum) or continuously (nozzle drum). The drum is the centerpiece of the separator, in which the separation process takes place. There are two types of drums: the chamber drum (known as chamber separators) and the disc drum (known as disc separators). The power transmission on the spindle and thereby on the drum can take place by using one of the three drive motors: helical gears, a belt drive or direct drive, via a special motor.
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7-8 The Pioneer factory was the first in Australia to use the cream separators. The machine was of Danish manufacture and it was introduced following a tour of Europe and the United States by Mr. D. L. Dymock who had been supported financially by local dairy farmers. The cream separator arrived in Australia on the SS Chimbarazo which docked in Sydney Harbour. Two separators were purchased on the trip, with the other destined for use at the other factory owned by the Fresh Food and Ice Company.
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These separators are used for particles between 75 and 250 micron and for efficient separation to occur, the particles need to be dry, have a close size distribution and uniform in shape. Of these considerations, one of the most important is the water content of the particles. This is important as a layer of moisture on the particles will render the non-conductors as conductors as the layer of the water is conductive. Electrostatic plate separators are usually used for streams that have small conductors and coarse non-conductors.
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Vapour from both Train A and Train B Second Stage Separators was compressed in the common LP Compressor and mixed with vapour from the First Stage Separators. There were two further stages of compression in the HP First Stage Gas Compressor and the HP Second Stage Gas Compressor. Gas was cooled in the HP Second Stage Aftercooler and dehydrated by counter current contact with Glycol in the Glycol Contactor. From here a side stream of gas was taken for fuel gas to the power generators and for use as blanket, purge and pilot gas.
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Many of these species are now categorised as endangered. The Makassar Strait, between Borneo and Sulawesi, and the Lombok Strait, between Bali and Lombok, are the deep-water Wallace Line separators, marking the limit of the Sundaland region.
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July 2005. Typically in operation of API separators the oil layer, which may contain entrained water and attached suspended solids, is continually skimmed off. This removed oily layer may be re-processing to recover valuable products, or disposed of.
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On September 30, 2002 MTV2 Pop presented itself in a new design. The design package, created by the station's own on-air promotion, represented a playful, flat flora and fauna landscape. The colours were retained as the transmission surface separators.
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Low temperature operations may be challenging. Solid-state batteries were once noted for poor performance. Solid-state batteries with ceramic electrolytes require high pressure to maintain contact with the electrodes. Solid-state batteries with ceramic separators may break from mechanical stress.
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Bounded-width separators can be used for approximately solving the protein folding problem. It can also be used for an exact sub-exponential algorithm to find a maximum independent set, as well as several related covering problems, in geometric graphs.
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In 1889, he moved into a new factory on Maple Avenue that eventually employed 600 workers and produced 3,700 cream separators annually. After being sued in 1893, Sharples acquired a patent for his cream separator in 1897.Jones 2003, p. 32.
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Here, refers to the number of vertices in the graph. However, there exist graphs of book thickness three that do not have separators of sublinear size., improving an earlier result showing the existence of expanders with constant pagenumber from ; . See also ; .
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With today's technology advances, a variety of equipments is available to perform magnetic separation. Grates, plate magnets, magnet housing, basic cartridges, pulleys, drums, and self-cleaning separators are designed to separate metals with either gravity, pneumatic, or magnetic conveying systems.
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Alfdex AB is a Swedish company that develops and produces separators for cleaning of crankcase gases in diesel truck engines. Alfdex is owned by the two public companies Alfa Laval and Concentric who are quoted on the Stockholm Stock Exchange.
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Fabric filters Hepa effect: without (outdoor) and with filter (indoor) A complicated blend of solid and liquid particles result in particulate matter and these particulate matter emissions are highly regulated in most industrialized countries. Due to environmental concerns, most industries are required to operate some kind of dust collection system to control particulate emissions. These systems include inertial collectors (cyclonic separators), fabric filter collectors (baghouses), electrostatic filters used in facemasks, wet scrubbers, and electrostatic precipitators. Cyclonic separators are useful for removing large, coarse particles and are often employed as a first step or "pre- cleaner" to other more efficient collectors.
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There is an ion exchange system included in the loop to remove impurities from the feedwater. The turbine consists of one high-pressure rotor and four low-pressure ones. Five low- pressure separators-preheaters are used to heat steam with fresh steam before being fed to the next stage of the turbine. The uncondensed steam is fed into a condenser, mixed with condensate from the separators, fed by the first-stage condensate pump to a chemical purifier, then by a second-stage condensate pump to four deaerators where dissolved and entrained gases are removed; deaerators also serve as storage tanks for feedwater.
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Separators have been used as part of data compression algorithms for representing planar graphs and other separable graphs using a small number of bits. The basic principle of these algorithms is to choose a number k and repeatedly subdivide the given planar graph using separators into O(n/k) subgraphs of size at most k, with O(n/√k) vertices in the separators. With an appropriate choice of k (at most proportional to the logarithm of n) the number of non-isomorphic k-vertex planar subgraphs is significantly less than the number of subgraphs in the decomposition, so the graph can be compressed by constructing a table of all the possible non-isomorphic subgraphs and representing each subgraph in the separator decomposition by its index into the table. The remainder of the graph, formed by the separator vertices, may be represented explicitly or by using a recursive version of the same data structure.
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Single-cyclone separators create a dual vortex to separate coarse from fine dust. The main vortex spirals downward and carries most of the coarser dust particles. The inner vortex, created near the bottom of the cyclone, spirals upward and carries finer dust particles.
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Neutral characters have direction indeterminable without context. Examples include paragraph separators, tabs, and most other whitespace characters. Punctuation symbols that are common to many scripts, such as the colon, comma, full-stop, and the no-break-space also fall within this category.
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The introduction of the cream separators into Australia by Mr. D.L. Dymock occurred in conjunction with Mr. Thomas Sutcliffe Mort, an Australian industrialist who is also more frequently recognised for improving the design of refrigeration for use in keeping meat and dairy products.
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Another company he founded, Elegus Technologies, develops and produces ultrastrong LbL composites from cartilage-like aramid nanofiber networks for high capacity lithium batteries. In 2016 Elegus Technologies established a joint venture with XALT Energy and Energy Power Systems for large-scale manufacturing of battery separators.
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In 1983, Alfa Laval entered the biotechnology industry by offering separators that can isolate genetic samples. In midsummer 2008 there was a theft at the facility at Lund where 80 metric ton of titanium were stolen in two trailers that were driven to Poland.
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It often sits on a matching plate, sometimes attached to the pitcher, to catch dripping sauce. Some gravy boats also function as gravy separators, with a spout that pours from the bottom of the container, thus leaving any surface-floating fat in the container.
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Gas from the Gannet A gas wellheads and from the Gannet B and C subsea wells flows to one of the two vertical separators. Gas is co-mingled with the off-gas from the oil separators is dehydrated through counter-current contact with Triethylene glycol. Gas is compressed for export to St Fergus via the Fulmar gas pipeline. There are also facilities for gas injection into Gannet A, B and C reservoirs and for gas lift to oil production wells on reservoirs, A, C, D, E, F and G. Produced water is treated prior to overboard disposal. Oil export capacity is 88,000 barrels per day.
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An intersection graph of disks, with at most k = 5 disks covering any point of the plane The circle separator method of generalizes to the intersection graphs of any system of d-dimensional balls with the property that any point in space is covered by at most some constant number k of balls, to k-nearest-neighbor graphs in d dimensions, and to the graphs arising from finite element meshes.. The sphere separators constructed in this way partition the input graph into subgraphs of at most vertices. The size of the separators for k-ply ball intersection graphs and for k-nearest- neighbor graphs is O(k1/dn1 − 1/d).
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Digit group separators can occur either as part of the data, or as a mask through which the data is displayed. This is an example of the separation of presentation and content, making it possible to display numbers with spaced digit grouping in a way that does not insert any whitespace characters into the string of digits in the content. In many computing contexts, it is preferred to omit digit group separators from the data, and instead overlay them as a mask (an input mask or an output mask). Common examples include spreadsheets and databases in which currency values are entered without such marks, but are displayed with them inserted.
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By complying with the Australian Dental Association (ADA) Policy 6.11 and the current edition of the International Organization for Standardization ISO11143 Dentistry – Amalgam Separators, reducing the amount of mercury entering the environment by means of installing amalgam separators and traps to collect and separate amalgam waste before it enters the sewage system. Amalgam that is collected from traps is then collected and recycled for reuse. With the phasing out of manual processing of radiographs and switching to digital radiography allows for offices not having to purchase developing liquids and these liquids are harmful to the environment and need to be collected to be disposed of correctly.
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This is also the typical date format used in large parts of Eastern Europe and Asia, although sometimes with other separators than the hyphen. This method has gained influence within North America, as most common computer filesystems make the use of slashes difficult or impossible. DOS, OS/2 and Windows simultaneously support both \ and / as directory separators, but / is also used to introduce and separate switches to shell commands (unless reconfigured to use the hyphen-minus in DOS). Unix-like systems use / as a directory separator and, while \ is legal in filenames, it is awkward to use as the shell uses it as an escape character.
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A decimal numbering system is used, and numbers are written in the same order as Hindu-Arabic numerals. The digits from zero to nine are: (Unicode 1040 to 1049). The number 1945 would be written as . Separators, such as commas, are not used to group numbers.
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Modern cargo control rooms typically allow the person in charge to control ballast pumps and valves, and monitor oil content of ballast water by the use of oily water separators. In cases where ships carry specialty products, specialized monitoring systems are available in the cargo control room.
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Aphragma was defined as containing four species which Brown thought lacked seed separators. The epithet Aphragma is from the Greek a- ("without") and phragma ("barrier"). The placement and circumscription of D. sect. Aphragma in Brown's 1830 arrangement may be summarised as follows: :Dryandra (now B. ser.
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Metals are extracted using magnetic separators, air flotation separator columns, shaker tables or eddy currents. The plastic almost always contains regulated hazardous waste (e.g., asbestos, PCBs, hydrocarbons) and cannot be melted down. Large objects, such as engine parts, are extracted and sold as they become accessible.
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This includes allowances for water flow entrance and exit turbulence losses as well as other factors. API Specification 421 requires a minimum length to width ratio of 5:1 and minimum depth-to-width ratio of 0.3:0.5.”Schultz, Thomas. “Get the Most out of API Separators.” Chemical Engineering.
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The amadinda is a xylophone of the type called log xylophone. It consists of 12 wooden bars placed on two fresh banana stems. Sticks are inserted into the stems as separators between the bars. The bars are normally made from the wood of the Lusamba tree (Markhamia plarycalyx).
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Three basic types of pumping/injection systems are used with the DOWS technology. These include electrical submersible pumps, progressive cavity pumps and sucker rod pumps. Hydrocyclone separators are usually used with the electrical submersible pumps because of higher drawdown created with effective injection of water into the lower zone.
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In 2004, a novel electroactive polymer separator with the function of overcharge protection was first proposed by Denton and coauthors. This kind of separator reversibly switches between insulating and conducting states. Changes in charge potential drive the switch. More recently, separators primarily provide charge transport and electrode separation.
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Cyrillic characters that mean year, month, and day are often used as separators too. Example: . Since the characters clearly label the date, the year may be abbreviated to two digits when this format is used. In speech, the date is spoken in the same format as it is written.
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However, for approximation ratios even closer to 1 than this factor, a later approach of (based on tree-decomposition but not on planar separators) provides better tradeoffs of time versus approximation quality. Similar separator-based approximation schemes have also been used to approximate other hard problems such as vertex cover.; . use separators in a different way to approximate the travelling salesman problem for the shortest path metric on weighted planar graphs; their algorithm uses dynamic programming to find the shortest tour that, at each level of a separator hierarchy, crosses the separator a bounded number of times, and they show that as the crossing bound increases the tours constructed in this way have lengths that approximate the optimal tour.
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In natural gas and oil pipelines, binder materials such as paraffins, glycols, and asphaltenes marry up with fine ferrous and sand particles trapping to the magnetic fields when passing through the black powder separators. The black powder contamination trapped on the magnetic separators is easily removed and stored in mineral bags. When the composition is primarily iron sulfides, there is opportunity for auto-ignition (smolders and flames), precautions must be taken to saturate the black powder with a chemical to neutralize it. Removing and monitoring the quantities of the black powder in strategic locations along the transmission lines will lessen the erosion factor and may act as a monitoring tool for pipe wall life cycle.
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Environmental risks from amalgam can be mitigated by amalgam separators and the ISO has issued standards regarding the proper handling and disposal of amalgam waste. Mercury is a naturally occurring element that is present throughout the environment and the vast majority of the pollution (about 99%) comes from large-scale human industrial activity (such as coal-fired electricity generation, hydroelectric dams, and mining, which increase both airborne and waterborne mercury levels). Eventually, the airborne mercury finds its way into lakes, rivers, and oceans, where it is consumed by aquatic life. Amalgam separators may dramatically decrease the release of mercury into the public sewer system, but they are not mandatory in some jurisdictions.
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The algorithm for solving a problem from a decomposition tree includes two operations: solving a subproblem relative to a node and creating the constraint relative to the shared variables (the separator) between two nodes. Different strategies can be used for these two operations. In particular, creating the constraints on separators can be done using variable elimination, which is a form of inference, while subproblems can be solved by search (backtracking, etc.) A problem with this algorithm is that the constraints passed between nodes can be of size exponential in the size of the separator. The memory required for storing these constraints can be decreased by using a tree decomposition with small separators.
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The water is kept below the saturation temperature to prevent film boiling and the associated drop in heat transfer rate. The reactor is tripped in cases of high or low water level in the steam separators (with two selectable low-level thresholds); high steam pressure; low feedwater flow; loss of two main coolant pumps on either side. These trips can be manually disabled. The level of water in the steam separators, the percentage of steam in the reactor pressure tubes, the level at which the water begins to boil in the reactor core, the neutron flux and power distribution in the reactor, and the feedwater flow through the core have to be carefully controlled.
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The first section was defined as containing those species with a single seed separator. This accounted for the majority of species, and was named Dryandra verae ("True Dryandra"). D. sect. Diplophragma, was a monotypic section containing D. bipinnatifida (now B. bipinnatifida), the follicles of which Brown thought contained two separators.
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Produced water from the Separators was treated in hydrocyclones to remove oil prior to overboard disposal. Ninian Northern formerly had a water injection system to water-flood the reservoir, this was subsequently decommissioned. A Cessation of Production notice was approved by the Oil and Gas Authority (OGA) in November 2016.
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The Mill contained a large amount of its machinery, as well as machinery transported from Apps Mill near Brantford, Ontario. Machinery on display in the mill prior to demolition included: Roller Mills, centrifugal flour dresser, swing-sieve sifter, several bolting reels, separators, purifiers, and bucket elevator systems. Inside Caledonia's Old Mill.
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Inorganic particulate film/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/inorganic particulate film trilayer separators are prepared by dip-coating inorganic particle layers on both sides of PMMA thin films. This inorganic trilayer membrane is believed to be an inexpensive, novel separator for application in lithium-ion batteries from increased dimensional and thermal stability.
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1\. Chemical Process and Petroleum Refining: This sealing product is used in mechanical seals, pumps, reactors, mixers, compressor housings, valves, meters and other equipment. Usually used as a seat, stem packing, diaphragm and gasket. 2, analysis and process instruments: separators, diaphragms, cylindrical fittings, hoops, gaskets, etc. 3\. Semiconductor manufacturing 4\.
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In the early 1930s, most vibratory separators had a rectangular or square design employing simple reciprocating movement. After the introduction of machines utilizing gyratory motion with orbital movements, there was a huge change in machinery industry due to the much greater screen area usage and capacity per unit mesh area.
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This is accentuated by the fact that the components, which consist of a shell and tubes, are easily obtainable with customized designs making them cost effective for construction and ideal for simple evaporation requirements. Moreover, this type of evaporator also can easily contain those widely available vapour separators for foaming products.
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GEA Westfalia Separator Group GmbH with head office in Oelde, Westphalia is a German manufacturer of separators and decanters which is part of the GEA Group. The company develops procedures and processes for the mechanical clarification and separation of liquids for the food industry, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, energy, shipping and environmental technology.
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The diverted foam is liquefied by collapsing the foam bubbles. This can usually be achieved by mechanical means or by lowering the pressure in the foamate collecting vessel. Foam separators for different types of applications use the basic set up shown in the diagram, but can vary with placements and addition of equipment.
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Gas from the Otter and Eider separators was used as fuel gas and purge gas and the excess was flared. Electricity generating capacity was by three 3 MW generators with a bidirectional subsea cable to North Cormorant. The topside accommodation was for 76 people. The integrated deck had a weight of 5,000 tonnes.
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Tiered cakes are often separated by flowers or columns to add visual impact and height. Separators can include jewels, shells, flowers and the like or can be completely separated by using traditional chrome stands. Frosting can be a classic smooth surface or combined with drizzle, swirls, or chips.Mayntz, M. (2010)Chocolate Wedding Cakes.
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The ore concentrates from these separators were drawn off and bagged for shipping. A long and wide arsenic vein was also mined during this period. All of the mining infrastructure was subsequently destroyed by a forest fire and operations were not renewed. There are no data available on how much the mine produced.
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In the recent past the problem of removing the deleterious iron particles from a process stream had a few alternatives. Magnetic separation was typically limited and moderately effective. Magnetic separators that used permanent magnets could generate fields of low intensity only. These worked well in removing ferrous tramp but not fine paramagnetic particles.
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Besides it also provides fabrication for tank farms, evaporators and brine heaters. The products include line heaters, oil and natural gas separators, condensate stabilizers, mechanical refrigeration and some onshore and offshore production facilities Aftermarket Services Aftermarket Services business line provides components and maintenance related services to customers who have bought their equipment.
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In 2004 the first Alfdex separators were sold to Volvo Diesel Truck Engines in South Korea. Haldex Concentric won the 2009 Supplier Innovation Award from Deere & Company for its Alfdex separator technology. In 2010 Alfdex initiated its deliveries to John Deere. In 2011 Concentric took over Haldex's share of the Alfdex shares.
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Chorizontes ("separators") was the name given to the ancient Alexandrian critics who believed the Iliad and Odyssey were by different poets. The best known of them were the grammarians Xenon and Hellanicus, but they are nonetheless extremely obscure figures about whom nothing else is known. Aristarchus of Samothrace was one of their opponents.
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When using the imperial calendar, the year is prefixed with the era. For example, the above date using the imperial calendar is written as: ; a more direct translation might be: Heisei year 20, Dec 31 (Wed). Either form may be abbreviated as yy/mm/dd; periods as separators are not uncommon either. Examples: , .
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In urban planning in the United States, a community separator (or simply a separator) is a parcel of undeveloped land, sometimes in the form of open space, separating two or more urban areas under different municipal jurisdictions which has been designated to provide a permanent low-density area preserving the communal integrity of the two municipalities. Separators are typically created by one or more municipalities in situations of rapid urban growth, where unchecked development might otherwise result in the contiguity of the urban areas. A unilateral separator that partially or completely encircles a municipality is commonly known as a greenbelt. Separators often consist of undeveloped farmland, forests, floodplains, or other areas that may or may not be desirable for residential or commercial development.
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For many command line interpreters (“shell”) of Unix operating systems, the input field separators variable (abbreviated IFS, and often referred to as internal field separators) refers to a variable which defines the character or characters used to separate a pattern into tokens for some operations. By default, IFS typically includes the space, tab, and the newline. From the bash man page: > The shell treats each character of as a delimiter, and splits the results of > the other expansions into words on these characters. If is unset, or its > value is exactly , the default, then sequences of , , and at the beginning > and end of the results of the previous expansions are ignored, and any > sequence of characters not at the beginning or end serves to delimit words.
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Electrostatic separators were used to achieve separation at the unused crossing points away from the experiments Until 1983 the centre-of-mass energy was limited to 546 GeV due to resistive heating of the magnetic coils. The addition of further cooling allowed the machine energy to be pushed up to 630 GeV in 1984.
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A crore (; abbreviated cr), karor or koti denotes ten million (10,000,000 or 107 in scientific notation) and is equal to 100 lakh in the Indian numbering system. It is written as 1,00,00,000 with the local 2,2,3 style of digit group separators (one lakh is equal to one hundred thousand, and is written as 1,00,000).
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The Dürr system hygiene for disinfection and cleaning in surgeries and laboratories was introduced in 1986. From 1987, amalgam separators were produced. In 1989, the first X-ray film developer with dip tank technology was brought onto the market. Crystallisation of the chemicals on the rollers is prevented, thus ensuring lasting optimal image quality.
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Completion of grade separators delayed: Baalu The flyover has four loops that coalesce in a clover-shaped structure. The loops are available for vehicles proceeding from Tambaram to Koyambedu, Poonamallee to Tambaram, Puzhal to Poonamallee, Koyambedu to Puzhal.the feature project maduravayol to thuraimugam (chennai port) parakkum thanga natkara salai projact is starting from maduravoyal.
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Prime locations for the employment of black powder separators to reduce contamination levels is loading and offloading of product at port facilities, prior to LNG plants, refineries, gas chemical plants, metering stations, and power plants. Cleaner product entering these facilities will improve production and lower operational costs by reducing premature process equipment component wear.
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Burnable neutron absorbers within the fuel and control rod inventory are used to suppress hot excess reactivity. Cold shut-down was accomplished with control rod insertion (as in BWRs). The mPower was designed to produce superheated steam and would not require steam separators and dryers prior to admitting steam into the high-pressure turbine.
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Catalytic heaters serve many functions, especially in the oil and gas industries. They are useful where heat production is necessary at a controlled rate. They can be used in gas meters, regulators and control valves, gas wellhead heaters, pipeline heaters, space heaters, and separators. They can also be used at the gate and compressor stations.
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The SCWR operates at supercritical pressure. The reactor outlet coolant is supercritical water. Light water is used as a neutron moderator and coolant. Above the critical point, steam and liquid become the same density and are indistinguishable, eliminating the need for pressurizers and steam generators (PWR), or jet/recirculation pumps, steam separators and dryers (BWR).
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Supported liquid membranes consist of a solid and liquid phase contained within a microporous separator. Some polymer electrolytes form complexes with alkali metal salts, which produce ionic conductors that serve as solid electrolytes. Solid ion conductors, can serve as both separator and the electrolyte. Separators can use a single or multiple layers/sheets of material.
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The additives are then removed with a volatile solvent to form the microporous result. The wet process is suitable for both crystalline and amorphous polymers. Wet process separators often use ultrahigh-molecular- weight polyethylene. The use of these polymers enables the batteries with favorable mechanical properties, while shutting it down when it becomes too hot.
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Coarsely cleaning of potatoes takes place during the transport of potatoes to the scrubber by channel. In addition, before the scrubber, straw and stones separators are installed. The main cleaning is conducted in scrubber (different kinds of high specialized machines are used). The remaining stones, sludge and light wastes are removed at this step.
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Finer particle sizes (>40 μm) are able to be separated with the gyratory separator than with a trommel screen. The size of the gyratory screen separator can be adjusted through removable trays, whereas the trommel screen is usually fixed.Halder 2012, pp. 223-251 Gyratory separators can also separate dry and wet materials like trommel screens.
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Inner Ring Road is one of the most important "state highways" in Delhi. It is a 51 km long circular road, which connects important areas in Delhi. Owing to more than 2 dozen grade- separators/flyovers, the road is almost signal-free. The road is generally 8-laned with a few bottlenecks at certain stretches, which are being removed.
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There is a large variety of formats for dates in use, which differ in the order of date components. These variations use the sample date of 31 May 2006: (e.g. 31/05/2006, 05/31/2006, 2006/05/31), component separators (e.g. 31.05.2006, 31/05/2006, 31-05-2006), whether leading zeros are included (e.g. 31/5/2006 vs.
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Most carriers have a rectangular cross section, inside which the cables lie. Cross bars along the length of the carrier can be opened from the outside, so that cables can be easily inserted and plugs connected. Internal separators in the carrier separate the cables. Cables can also be held in place with an integrated strain relief.
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Tervita is a public company based out of Alberta, Canada that specializes in energy and environmental waste services. It was co-founded by David P. Werklund as Concord Well Servicing in 1979. It became Canadian Crude Separators Corporation (CCS Corp.) in 1984. In 2012, twelve companies under CCS Corporation, to include CCS Midstream Services and Hazco, formed under Tervita.
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The structural difference between deep-cycle and cranking lead-acid batteries is in the lead battery plates. Deep cycle battery plates have thicker active plates, with higher-density active paste material and thicker separators. Alloys used for the plates in a deep cycle battery may contain more antimony than that of starting batteries.David Linden, Thomas B. Reddy (ed).
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Currently, automated backpressure regulators can maintain a constant pressure in the column even if flow rate varies, mitigating this problem. A third drawback is difficulty in gas/liquid separation during collection of product. Upon depressurization, the CO2 rapidly turns into gas and aerosolizes any dissolved analyte in the process. Cyclone separators have lessened difficulties in gas/liquid separations.
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Newer MRFs or retrofitted ones may use industrial robots instead of humans for pre-sorting and for quality control. Metal is separated from plastics and glass first with electromagnets, which removes ferrous metals. Non-ferrous metals like aluminum are then removed with eddy current separators. The glass and plastic streams are separated by further disk screens.
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The partition of a graph into its level structure may be used as a heuristic for graph layout problems such as graph bandwidth. The Cuthill–McKee algorithm is a refinement of this idea, based on an additional sorting step within each level.. Level structures are also used in algorithms for sparse matrices,. and for constructing separators of planar graphs..
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Ansif Ashraf started his career as a graphic designer from home in the year 2000. In 2001 he started a studio for photography and designing. In 2006 he founded, Paradise Group which was a trading company engaged in business of Rubber and Carbon Black. In 2008 he founded AGI Holdings Limited which was engaged in selling Centrifuge Separators.
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The k-trees are exactly the maximal graphs with a given treewidth, graphs to which no more edges can be added without increasing their treewidth. They are also exactly the chordal graphs all of whose maximal cliques are the same size k + 1 and all of whose minimal clique separators are also all the same size k..
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Some programming languages also permit digit group separators. The internal representation of this datum is the way the value is stored in the computer's memory. Unlike mathematical integers, a typical datum in a computer has some minimal and maximum possible value. The most common representation of a positive integer is a string of bits, using the binary numeral system.
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The result follows from a careful balancing of the size of the removed two levels against the number of levels between them. If the graph embedding is given as part of the input, its separator can be found in linear time. Graphs of genus g also have edge separators of size O((gΔn)1/2).. Graphs of bounded genus form an example of a family of graphs closed under the operation of taking minors, and separator theorems also apply to arbitrary minor-closed graph families. In particular, if a graph family has a forbidden minor with h vertices, then it has a separator with O(h√n) vertices, and such a separator can be found in time O(n1 + ε) for any ε > 0.. For earlier work on separators in minor-closed families see , , and .
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The International Bureau of Weights and Measures states that "when there are only four digits before or after the decimal marker, it is customary not to use a space to isolate a single digit". Likewise, some manuals of style state that thousands separators should not be used in normal text for numbers from 1,000 to 9,999 inclusive where no decimal fractional part is shown (in other words, for four-digit whole numbers), whereas others use thousands separators, and others use both. For example, APA style stipulates a thousands separator for "most figures of 1,000 or more" except for page numbers, binary digits, temperatures, etc. There are always "common-sense" country-specific exceptions to digit grouping, such as year numbers, postal codes and ID numbers of predefined nongrouped format, which style guides usually point out.
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An API oil–water separator is a device designed to separate gross amounts of oil and suspended solids from the wastewater effluents of oil refineries, petrochemical plants, chemical plants, natural gas processing plants and other industrial oily water sources. The name is derived from the fact that such separators are designed according to standards published by the American Petroleum Institute (API).
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Ejector venturis are subject to abrasion problems in the high-velocity areas - nozzle and throat. Both must be constructed of wear-resistant materials because of the high liquid injection rates and nozzle pressures. Maintaining the pump that recirculates liquid is also very important. In addition, the high gas velocities necessitate the use of entrainment separators to prevent excessive liquid carryover.
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In MUMPS syntax, some spaces are significant; they are not merely whitespace. Spaces are used as explicit separators between different syntax elements. For example, a space (called ls in the formal MUMPS standard) separates a tag on a line from the commands that make up that line. Another example is the single space that separates a command from the arguments of that command.
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The pumpman's job is to keep the liquid cargo system on a tanker running. The liquid cargo system consists of several components. A major component is the pumps themselves, including not only the liquid cargo transfer pumps but also the liquid cargo stripping pumps. Another component consists of the equipment that conditions the cargo, including liquid cargo coalescers and separators, strainers, and filters.
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An oil water separator (OWS) is a piece of equipment used to separate oil and water mixtures into their separate components. There are many different types of oil-water separator. Each has different oil separation capability and are used in different industries. Oil water separators are designed and selected after consideration of oil separation performance parameters and life cycle cost considerations.
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The water removed from both the high and low pressure separators may need to be processed to remove hydrogen sulfide () before the water can be disposed of underground or reused in some fashion. Some of the raw natural gas may be re-injected into the producing formation to help maintain the reservoir pressure, or for storage pending later installation of a pipeline.
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Aphragma was first published by Brown in his 1830 Supplementum primum prodromi florae Novae Hollandiae. Brown's arrangement divided Dryandra into three groups according to what Brown perceived to be variations in the number of seed separators. He allowed for these groups to be treated at subgenus or section rank, but they are now treated as having been published as sections. D. sect.
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In Canada, Alfa Laval has had a presence for over 100 years, previously as D-Laval, which would provide such services to farmers as assisting them in the storage of their milk and providing cream separators. Alfa Laval is headquartered in Toronto and in 2009 opened a service centre in Edmonton, Alberta. In late 2010, staff in the Canadian operations numbered 74.
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Ore was hoisted by skip then dumped into a Blake jaw crusher at the concentrating plant. It was then dried, passed through roll crushers and elevated to trommels for sizing. The oversized ore passed down through a fine roll crusher. After the reduced ore fragments passed through roll crushers, it was then put through three Kriem air separators in the mill.
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Flottweg SE is a manufacturer of machines and systems for mechanical liquid- solid separation. The headquarters is located in Vilsbiburg (Bavaria), Germany. The company develops and produces decanter centrifuges, separators and belt presses. Flottweg has subsidiaries and branch offices with service centers in the United States (Flottweg Separation Technology, Inc.), People´s Republic of China, Russia, Italy, Poland, France, Australia and Mexico.
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Thus high- intensity magnetic separators that were effective in collecting paramagnetic particles came into existence. These focus on the separation of very fine particles that are paramagnetic. The current is passed through the coil, which creates a magnetic field, which magnetizes the expanded steel matrix ring. The paramagnetic matrix material behaves like a magnet in the magnetic field and thereby attracts the fines.
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The Kiekhaefer Mercury company began in 1939 when engineer Carl Kiekhaefer purchased a small outboard motor company in Cedarburg, Wisconsin. Kiekhaefer's original intention for the Kiekhaefer Corporation was to make magnetic separators for the dairy industry. The purchase included 300 defective outboard motors. Kiekhaefer and a small staff of employees rebuilt the motors and sold them to Montgomery Ward, a mail-order company.
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The vast majority of deep cycle batteries on the market today are lead acid batteries. Lead acid batteries are recycled 98% by volume, 99.5% by weight. The plastic cases, lead plates, sulfuric acid, solder, and other metals are 100% recovered for reuse. The only part of a battery that is not recyclable is the paper separators that wrap the plates.
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Two things can cause first stage freezing. The less common is internal freezing due to excessive moisture in the gas. Most high pressure breathing air compressor filter systems provide air with a dew point down below . Internal first stage freezing can happen if the moisture content is higher than dew point because the filling compressor separators and filter media are not maintained properly.
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Installation of a hydrodynamic separator along an Arizona highway Hydrodynamic separators (HDS) are stormwater management devices that use cyclonic separation to control water pollution. They are designed as flow-through structures with a settling or separation unit to remove sediment and other pollutants. HDS are considered structural best management practices (BMPs), and are used to treat and pre-treat stormwater runoff.
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Their tractor trucks included a large belt pulley that could be attached to the front crank shaft, useful for powering grain separators and other belt-driven machines. Early models had cast steel wheels with holes. Wooden plugs were driven into the holes to provide added traction. When the wooden plugs wore down, the owner simply replaced them with new wooden plugs.
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"It stems from a manifesto we put together way back in the day: As a small-market club, how are you going to get an edge? We believe that command and control and makeup are true separators in the pitching category."—Twins scouting director Mike Radcliff told ESPN's Jerry Crasnick in May, 2010.Jerry Crasnick, "ESPN", May 18, 2010, "", Aug.
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Dry spiral separators, capable of distinguishing round particles from nonrounds, are used to sort the feed by shape. The device consists of a tower, around which is wound an inwardly inclined flight. A catchment funnel is placed around this inner flight. Round particles roll at a higher speed than other objects, and so are flung off the inner flight and into the collection funnel.
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The Château-Thierry branch in France followed in 1963. In 1965 the production of hand-operated separators was discontinued. In 1966 the staff magazine, Die Trommel, was published for the first time, and has been printed six times a year ever since. In 1967 the turnover of Westfalia Separator exceeded the 100 million mark for the first time, whereby most of the turnover was generated by exports.
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Casino-style balls are often smaller at 2 inch (51 mm), and may feature a smaller, lighter cue ball. Some coin-operated tables use a slightly different sized cue ball to allow for the cue ball to be separated by ball-return mechanisms, while others use magnetic or optical ball separators. The game of snooker requires smaller balls, and several additional balls with special values.
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A bottle of unhomogenised milk, with the cream clearly visible, resting on top of the milk. Cream is a dairy product composed of the higher-fat layer skimmed from the top of milk before homogenization. In un-homogenized milk, the fat, which is less dense, eventually rises to the top. In the industrial production of cream, this process is accelerated by using centrifuges called "separators".
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To support this English-like syntax, COBOL has over 300 keywords. Some of the keywords are simple alternative or pluralized spellings of the same word, which provides for more English-like statements and clauses; e.g., the and keywords can be used interchangeably, as can and , and and . Each COBOL program is made up of four basic lexical items: words, literals, picture character-strings (see ) and separators.
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A wide variety of system components are used in micro-irrigation systems. Most include a filter, such as pre-filters, sand separators, media filters, screen filters, and disc filters. The level of filtration required depends on the size of the emission device and the quality of the water source. A pressure regulator or regulating valve may be required to reduce the system pressure to the desired level.
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Amalgam separator Environmental concerns over external costs exist as well. In the United States, dental amalgam is the largest source of mercury received by sewage treatment plants. The mercury contaminates the treatment plant sludge, which is typically disposed of by land application, landfilling or incineration. Several states, including New Jersey, New York, and Michigan, have required the installation of dental amalgam separators prior to 2017.
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A full Babylonian time determination also had three digits. Zeros were blank spaces, causing some difficulty of discerning them from character separators. For reasons that are not clear, the Mesopotamians adopted a standard of 12 hours per day for their first-order digit. Their day, however, was designed for measurement on their most ancient and widely used timepiece, the sundial, which showed only daylight hours.
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Some are small enough to be worn clipped to clothing, and are used to separate respirable particles for later analysis. Similar separators are used in the oil refining industry (e.g. for Fluid catalytic cracking) to achieve fast separation of the catalyst particles from the reacting gases and vapors.Martin Huard, Cedric Briens, Franco Berruti, Thierry Gauthier, 2010, "A Review of Rapid Gas-Solid Separation Techniques", IJCRE, 8, R1.
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Segments transmit red, green and blue, and therefore reflect cyan, magenta, and yellow. Older DLP projectors typically transmit a white light source through a color wheel which uses dichroic filters to rapidly switch colors sent through the (monochrome) Digital micromirror device. Newer projectors may use laser or LED light sources to directly emit the desired light wavelengths. They are used as laser harmonic separators.
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This charges the particles that subsequently travel on a drum. The conducting particles lose their charge to the drum and are removed from the drum with centripetal acceleration. Electrostatic plate separators work by passing a stream of particles past a charged anode. The conductors lose electrons to the plate and are pulled away from the other particles due to the induced attraction to the anode.
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The Phase 1 of the project covers a distance of 29.65 km. 10 Grade separators at major junctions have been planned along this route. It also includes 50 bus bays on both sides and also truck lay-byes for parking of around 100 trucks. Phase I of this project was implemented by GMR, and the project was originally expected to be completed by June 2012.
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After 1950 H&V; entered several new industrial markets. The company developed wet-laid nonwovens for home furnishings, began manufacturing diskette liners, and later launched production of microfiberglass battery separators."Sen. Schumer to finish statewide tour Monday in Washington County". Post-Star, Dec 17, 2011 The company also manufactured filters for cigarettes, which, because they contained asbestos, were later the subject of a lawsuit related to cancer.
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Another is the flow within cyclone separators; the swirling flow there occurs in an annular region between two tubes. The flow reverses at the closed end of the outer tube and exits through the inner tube. Under certain conditions, the flow in the reversal region becomes unstable, resulting in a period rotating force on the outer tube. Periodic vibration of a cyclone separator would indicate vortex instability.
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Every minimal clique separator (a clique that partitions the graph into two disconnected subgraphs) is one of the subdivided triangles. A chordal graph in which all maximal cliques and all minimal clique separators have the same size is a -tree, and Apollonian networks are examples of 3-trees. Not every 3-tree is planar, but the planar 3-trees are exactly the Apollonian networks.
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Materials include nonwoven fibers (cotton, nylon, polyesters, glass), polymer films (polyethylene, polypropylene, poly (tetrafluoroethylene), polyvinyl chloride), ceramic and naturally occurring substances (rubber, asbestos, wood). Some separators employ polymeric materials with pores of less than 20 Å, generally too small for batteries. Both dry and wet processes are used for fabrication. Nonwovens consist of a manufactured sheet, web or mat of directionally or randomly oriented fibers.
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In doing so, Unicode does provide a way around the historical platform dependent solutions. Nonetheless, few if any Unicode solutions have adopted these Unicode line and paragraph separators as the sole canonical line ending characters. However, a common approach to solving this issue is through newline normalization. This is achieved with the Cocoa text system in Mac OS X and also with W3C XML and HTML recommendations.
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De-stoners or shaking screens are used to separate small stones from the barley. The stones, which are more dense than the barley, move out the top of the machine and the cleaned barley exits at the bottom. Half corn separators may be used to remove broken kernels. Half kernels need to be removed as only the one half will germinate and produce enzymes.
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Avery made a variety steam engines, including , , and hp models. They also made Corn King and Corn Queen cultivators, separators, wagons, horse stalk cutters and a steel-mounted water tank. In 1892, Robert died and Cyrus became president. John B. Bartholomew, who started with the company on December 8, 1879 driving a team to haul lumber for a US$1.10 per day, was made vice-president.
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Steam is separated from a liquid via cyclone separators, while the liquid is returned to the reservoir for reheating/reuse. As of 2013, the largest liquid system is Cerro Prieto in Mexico, which generates 750 MW of electricity from temperatures reaching . The Salton Sea field in Southern California offers the potential of generating 2000 MW of electricity. Lower- temperature LDRs (120–200 °C) require pumping.
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This is also found in computer programming languages for literal values; see . Dice, playing cards and other gaming devices traditionally split quantities into subitizable groups with recognizable patterns. A comparable application is to split up binary and hexadecimal number representations, telephone numbers, bank account numbers (e.g., IBAN, social security numbers, number plates, etc.) into groups ranging from 2 to 5 digits separated by spaces, dots, dashes, or other separators.
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Using a cheap feedstock, this biofuel can be produced at prices between 2-3 US$/gallon. The conversion of GVL to transportation fuel capable alkenes only requires a system containing two flow reactors, two phase separators, and a simple pumping arrangement for the delivery of an aqueous GVL feed. Since the use of precious metal catalysts is not required, this also decreases the total price of fuel production.
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The other prominent differences from the FW28 included large chimneys expressly for cooling at the season's first three races in Australia; Malaysia and Bahrain, and a narrower engine cover spine. At the rear of the car, a twin pillar configuration supported a lighter and lower drag rear wing, now featuring FIA-mandatory slot gap separators to prevent deflection and a lower and wider rear impact structure as required by the regulations.
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Onshore oil terminals generally have fired heaters to heat the oil to improve subsequent separation. Separator vessels and coalescers stabilise the crude and remove any sediments, produced water and allow light hydrocarbons to flash-off. Large separation vessels give the oil an appropriate residence time in the vessel to allow effective separation to occur. Onshore separators operate at near atmospheric pressure to release as much vapor as possible.
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Correlated magnetics is an enabling technology that can produce very strong yet safe industrial magnets. For the small size applications, correlated magnets can be used in positioning devices, consumer electronics, magnetic couplings, and vehicle attachment. Potential applications include attach and release work- holding mechanisms, magnetic separators, fluid seals and valves, motor and motion control, factory automation, prosthetics, security devices, and power generation. Correlated magnets is a relatively new technology in history.
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Variations on the title can include chief pumpman, QMED/pumpman, and second pumpman.Employment Standards Administration, 2008. A pumpman performs all work necessary for the safe and proper operation of the liquid cargo transfer system. This includes but is not limited to: liquid cargo transfer pumps, liquid cargo stripping pumps, liquid cargo coalesces and separators, strainers, filters, associated piping, valves, fittings, and deck machinery directly related to the transfer of liquid cargo.
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An oil water separation hydrocyclone is a device designed to separate oil from water by the use of a strong vortex. These separators are passive (no moving parts) and resemble long tapered pipes. They typically contain an inlet section, long tapered section and a long outlet section. In operation the strong vortex is created when the oily water is injected tangentially into the inlet end of the separator.
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Steel is a ferrous metal and is therefore magnetic. For beverage packaging this is unique. This allows the use of magnetic conveyor systems to transfer empty cans through the filling and packing processes, increasing accuracy and reducing potential spillage and waste. In recycling facilities, steel cans may be readily separated from other waste using magnetic equipment including cross-belt separators, also known as overband magnets, and drum magnets.
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The Dyson Root Cyclone technology is used in all Dyson vacuum cleaners from DC07 onward. The DC17, DC22, and DC23 use the improved "Root Cyclone & Core Separator", also called "Radix Cyclone", "Intermediary Cyclone", or "Level 3 Root Cyclone Technology". Most of the current range use "2 Tier Radial cyclones", consisting of two cascaded levels of cyclonic separators to remove dirt and dust without requiring a bag or filter.
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After grinding, feed material from the fine concentration plant is concentrated into fine concentrate using spiral separators. At the fine concentration plant, the ore is concentrated into fine concentrate using gravitational and highly magnetic concentration methods. The annual production capacity of lump concentrate is approximately 400,000 tonnes and that of fine concentrate is approximately 850,000 tonnes. The content of chromium oxide in the concentrates is 36% and 45%, respectively.
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Contamination may also be removed and fluid samples collected. This helps to allocate individual flow rate contributions, but the method has uncertainties. Flow rate, water cut, GOR and other parameters for the test system can deviate from production separators. This is generally taken into account by the allocation of products back to individual wells based on the field total, and by using data from the individual well tests.
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Currently most crews on board commercial cargo ships primarily consist of navigational officers and engine crews who maintain the ship's propulsion machinery, auxiliary machinery, generators for procuring electricity, separators, pumps, cooling system. These systems are often quite complex and require regularly maintenance. Increasing redundancy is seen as the solution, either by having two engine systems or by using different propulsion methods that contain fewer moving parts such as electricity on .
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My pleasure, if not my pride, was intensified when on enquiry I was told that these separators were destined for a place known as Kiama on the South Coast of New South Wales.”Honey, H. (1963), Kiama Pioneer Butter Factory, Bulli, p.6 The building used for the Pioneer Butter Factory was purchased by the Fresh Food and Ice Company for use as a milk dept in 1897.
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World Fishing & Aquaculture, 11 Jun 2015. pclarification of drinks, in the mining and processing industry, and in the processing of biofuels. Flottweg also produces separators (disc stack centrifuges), which are used in the food and beverage, chemical, pharmaceutical and petroleum industries. The company also makes belt presses, used to produce fruit and vegetable juices, dewater spent grains, create algae and herbal extracts, and processing of coffee grounds and industrial sludge.
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Jersey barriers were developed in the 1950s, beginning in the U.S. state of New Jersey as separators between lanes of a highway. Over time, they grew taller (as their effectiveness was demonstrated) and became more modular (as their usefulness as temporary barriers became apparent). Taller barriers have the added advantage of blocking most oncoming headlights. Now, plastic water-filled barriers of the same general shape are also called Jersey barriers.
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A fragment separator is an ion-optical device used to focus and separate products from the collision of relativistic ion beams with thin targets. Selected products can then be studied individually. Fragment separators typically consist of a series of superconducting magnetic multipole elements. The thin target immediately before the separator allows the fragments produced through various reactions to escape the target material still at a very high velocity.
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The two main disadvantages are their low energy density (you need large tanks of electrolyte to store useful amounts of energy) and their low charge and discharge rates (compared to other industrial electrode processes). The latter means that the electrodes and membrane separators need to be large, which increases costs. Compared to nonreversible fuel cells or electrolyzers using similar electrolytic chemistries, flow batteries generally have somewhat lower efficiency.
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These cells are marketed as "hybrid", "ready-to-use" or "pre-charged" rechargeables. Retention of charge depends in large part on the battery's leakage resistance (the higher the better), and on its physical size and charge capacity. Separators keep the two electrodes apart to slow electrical discharge while allowing the transport of ionic charge carriers that close the circuit during the passage of current.Flaim, Tony, Yubao Wang, and Ramil Mercado.
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Particulate filter systems, known as Fourth Stage Separators (FSS) are sometimes required to meet particulate emission limits. These can replace the ESP when particulate emissions are the only concern. The steam turbine in the flue gas processing system (shown in the above diagram) is used to drive the regenerator's combustion air compressor during start-ups of the FCC unit until there is sufficient combustion flue gas to take over that task.
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During the Great Depression in the early 1930s the sales of separators dropped. This together with the recent large acquisitions started to cause financial problems to Kone ja Silta. The company main owner Robert Mattson blamed manager Robert Lavonius about neglectful management of the separator division, in particular in the Swedish subsidiary. According to Mattson, Lavonius had transferred losses to the Swedish branch by too high invoice values.
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Gambro, one of the key companies in the development of the artificial kidney, was founded in Lund in 1964 and retains a significant presence in the city. Alfa Laval, the international manufacturer of heat exchangers and separators, have a factory in Lund, and Tetra Pak have their headquarters and part of production in town. Other important industries include pharmaceuticals, biotechnology e.g. Active Biotech, and publishing and library services.
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Metal detectors are invaluable for gold prospectors, as they are quite effective at detecting gold nuggets within the soil down to around 1 metre (3 feet), depending on the acuity of the operator's hearing and skill. Magnetic separators may be useful in separating the magnetic fraction of a heavy mineral sand from the nonmagnetic fraction, which may assist in the panning or sieving of gold from the soil or stream.
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Ni/MH batteries of bipolar design (bipolar batteries) are being developed because they offer some advantages for applications as storage systems for electric vehicles. This solid polymer membrane gel separator could be useful for such applications in bipolar design. In other words, this design can help to avoid short-circuits occurring in liquid-electrolyte systems. Inorganic polymer separators have also been of interest as use in lithium-ion batteries.
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Because peening demands well-graded shot of consistent hardness, diameter, and shape, a mechanism for removing shot fragments throughout the process is desirable. Equipment is available that includes separators to clean and recondition shot and feeders to add new shot automatically to replace the damaged material. Wheel blast systems include satellite rotation models, rotary throughfeed components, and various manipulator designs. There are overhead monorail systems as well as reverse-belted models.
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Hesselman later became the leading producer of hydraulic aggregates located at the lifts at the end of trucks. The product is used this way for handicap buses, as well as within material handling industries. Haldex co-owned (from 2004) the company Alfdex with Alfa Laval, for production of separators for truck engines. Haldex after 2011: In 2011, the Traction division was divested to BorgWarner including the all-wheel drive.
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Amado: Heavy wooden storm doors on the exterior of the house that slide away during day time to allow light and air into the interior Fusuma: Heavier sliding doors made from opaque paper on a wooden frame. - used as room separators often decorated with seasonal scenes. Nageshi: Wooden runners in which sliding doors run. Ranma: Fretwork panels which sit above the door lintels and allow air to circulate through the house.
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Separators include the space character and commas and semi-colons followed by a space. A COBOL program is split into four divisions: the identification division, the environment division, the data division and the procedure division. The identification division specifies the name and type of the source element and is where classes and interfaces are specified. The environment division specifies any program features that depend on the system running it, such as files and character sets.
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Some fuel and electricity is used to construct, maintain and demolish/recycle installations that produce fuel and electricity, such as oil platforms, uranium isotope separators and wind turbines. For these producers to be economic the ratio of energy returned on energy invested (EROEI) or energy return on investment (EROI) should be large enough. There is little consensus in the technical literature about methods and results in calculating these ratios. Paul Brockway et al.
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As rainfall travels over roofs and the ground, it may pick up various contaminants including soil particles and other sediment, heavy metals, organic compounds, animal waste, and oil and grease. Some jurisdictions require stormwater to receive some level of treatment before being discharged directly into waterways. Examples of treatment processes used for stormwater include retention basins, wetlands, buried vaults with various kinds of media filters, and vortex separators (to remove coarse solids).
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Placing spark plug wires back into their separators or holders during replacement helps to keep them in place despite engine vibration, extending their life. A common problem with spark plug wires is corrosion of the metal end terminals. Better-quality spark plug wires usually have brass terminals, which are more resistant to corrosion than other metals used. Older engines also have a wire connecting the ignition coil to the distributor, known as a coil wire.
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In the separators the lighter fractions flash off from the oil and are further processed to separate them into their individual components. The now stabilised oil can be routed to storage and then sold or sent for further processing. The storage tanks at an oil terminal may includes fixed roof tanks, internal floating roof tanks and external floating roof tanks. Floating roof tanks are generally used for more volatile products to reduce evaporation loss.
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The bubble chamber has a volume of 500 litres, is still now to this day the largest heavy liquid chamber operating in a magnetic field at its time. Completed in 1960 it was used in CERN's first neutrino experiments. The electrostatic separators built by Colin’s division gave CERN some of the world’s highest-energy beams of separated particles, as well as leading to research into the basic principles of high-voltage breakdown.
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John Deere tractors and stationary power units produced from the late 1920s to the early 1940s had compression relief petcocks on the engine block, one per cylinder. These were opened during starting to de-pressurize the cylinders when spinning the flywheel by hand. Once the engine started they were closed and the engine would begin running smoothly. Petcocks are used to periodically drain water from diesel fuel water separators on some trucks.
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Between 2005 and 2014, the state government has spent over 15,590 million erecting flyovers and grade separators, of which 11,440 million (88%) was invested in Chennai. The city hosts all 21 elevated urban corridors open to traffic in the state in 2014. Critics and town planners feel that the flyovers in the city have had very little to do with traffic improvement. In the late 1990s, a Traffic Action Plan was prepared for the city.
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Sand separator in sewage treatment plant in Wieluń. A sand separator is a device that separates sand or other solids from water. One version of sand separator utilizes centrifugal force to separate sand or other heavy particles out of the water. The separated material drops down into a tank or reservoir where it can be removed later or in the case of in-well separators, the separated sand drops into the bottom of the well.
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Produced water from the First Stage Separator flows to hydrocyclones where oil is removed prior to overboard disposal. Co- mingled produced water from the Second Stage Separator and Coalescer is pumped back to the inlet of the First Stage Separator. A test separator is also provided for well testing. Oil is routed to one of the Second Stage Separators and separated gas to the low pressure (LP) or high pressure (HP) compression trains.
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Some batteries may have overcome this tradeoff using thin separators with more precise manufacturing and by using a sulfonated polyolefin separator, a further improvement over the hydrophilic polyolefin based on ethylene vinyl alcohol. Low-self-discharge cells have lower capacity than standard NiMH cells because of the separator's larger volume. The highest-capacity low-self- discharge AA cells have 2500 mAh capacity, compared to 2700 mAh for high- capacity AA NiMH cells.
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From this time up through the mid-1970s, Ditko worked exclusively for Charlton and various small press/independent publishers. Frank McLaughlin, Charlton's art director during this period, describes Ditko as living "in a local hotel in Derby for a while. He was a very happy-go-lucky guy with a great sense of humor at that time, and always supplied the [female] color separators with candy and other little gifts".Cooke, Jon B., & Christopher Irving.
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Particles of different sizes have different health effects. Inertial separators are used to eliminate particles outside of the desired size range. If a gas stream containing particles of different sizes is forced to turn a sharp corner, the inertia of the large particles causes them to separate from the gas stream lines. The larger particles can be collected and removed from the gas stream after collisions with the walls of the vessel.
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An oily water separator (OWS) (marine) is a piece of equipment specific to the shipping or marine industry. It is used to separate oil and water mixtures into their separate components. This page refers exclusively to oily water separators aboard marine vessels. They are found on board ships where they are used to separate oil from oily waste water such as bilge water before the waste water is discharged into the environment.
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Circle-throw machines are larger than others, and may require greater space than other screening units. Fine, wet, sticky materials require a water spray to wash fine materials under spray bars.Crushing Plant Grinding Mill, Circular Vibrating Screen, China, 15 February 2012 [Accessed : 9 October 2013] Circle-throws have a large stroke and allow heavy components to circulate and interfere with the screen box. A powerful motor is needed, while other separators may not.
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These were "in bottles of a peculiar construction and were protected by glass covers which were secured by metal rings." They were particularly applauded for their ability to preserve fruit for substantial lengths of time. Towards the end of the century, the Show brought the first rotary disc ploughs, irrigation pumps, bath heaters, milk separators and shearing equipment seen in the area. The expanding program of the Show also indicates the popularisation of new technologies in the district.
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Wet material recovery facility, Hiriya, Israel The "mechanical" element is usually an automated mechanical sorting stage. This either removes recyclable elements from a mixed waste stream (such as metals, plastics, glass, and paper) or processes them. It typically involves factory style conveyors, industrial magnets, eddy current separators, trommels, shredders, and other tailor made systems, or the sorting is done manually at hand picking stations. The mechanical element has a number of similarities to a materials recovery facility (MRF).
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Outer Ring Road is another major artery in Delhi. The road which was almost neglected till the early 2000s is now an important highway that links far-flung areas of Delhi. The road is 6-8 lane and has grade-separators and a large number are under construction as a part of project to make the artery signal free. The road along with the ring road forms a ring which intersects all the National Highways passing through Delhi.
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These rods must be made of abrasion-resistant material due to the high velocities present. Figure 4 - Rectangular throat venturi scrubber All venturi scrubbers require an entrainment separator because the high velocity of gas through the scrubber will have a tendency to entrain the droplets with the outlet clean gas stream. Cyclonic, mesh-pad, and blade separators are all used to remove liquid droplets from the flue gas and return the liquid to the scrubber water.
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Treatment requirements vary throughout the world. In the United States these standards are issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for underground injection and discharges to surface waters. Although beneficial reuse for drinking water and agriculture have been researched, the industry has not adopted these measures due to cost, water availability, and social acceptance. Gravity separators, hydrocyclones, plate coalescers, dissolved gas flotation, and nut shell filters are some of the technologies used in treating wastes from produced water.
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In 2005 both Vazirani and his brother Vijay Vazirani were inducted as Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery, Umesh for "contributions to theoretical computer science and quantum computation"ACM Fellows Award: Umesh Vazirani. and his brother Vijay for his work on approximation algorithms.ACM Fellows Award: Vijay Vazirani. Vazirani was awarded the Fulkerson Prize for 2012 for his work on improving the approximation ratio for graph separators and related problems (jointly with Satish Rao and Sanjeev Arora).
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Files that use the tab character instead of comma can be more precisely referred to as "TSV" for tab-separated values. Other implementation differences include handling of more commonplace field separators (such as space or semicolon) and newline characters inside text fields. One more subtlety is the interpretation of a blank line: it can equally be the result of writing a record of zero fields, or a record of one field of zero length; thus decoding it is ambiguous.
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An onshore job is also more attractive for the aging workforce in the petroleum industry, at least in the western world. These efforts among others are contained in the established term integrated operations. The increased use of subsea facilities helps achieve the objective of keeping more workers onshore. Subsea facilities are also easier to expand, with new separators or different modules for different oil types, and are not limited by the fixed floor space of an above-water installation.
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Left, broken or Mali rice; right, long-grain rice. The former is popular in Senegal, where it is used interchangeably with couscous Broken rice is fragments of rice grains, broken in the field, during drying, during transport, or by milling. Mechanical separators are used to separate the broken grains from the whole grains and sort them by size.www.alibaba.com merchant database retrieved 2009-09-26 Broken rice is fragmented, not defective; there is nothing wrong with it.
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Kathryn Finney was the art director of Traditional Home. She worked with editor-in-chief Ann Maine and a design staff to produce and constantly present a fresh look for Traditional Home. This involved working with internal and external photographers, illustrators, graphic designers, separators and printers to produce Traditional Home eight times a year. Finney joined Traditional Home in 2002 from Renovation Style with more than 20 years experience career as an art director and graphic designer.
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The urban neighborhoods of Yüreğir are spread into 6 distinctive zones. The major separators of these zones are the D400 state road, Yüreğir Canal, Kozan Street, Mustafakemalpaşa Boulevard. Karacaoğlan statue at the major intersection Karşıyaka: Settled in the late 19th century, Karşıyaka is the first expansion of Adana to the east bank of Seyhan River. It is bordered by D400 state road on the north, Seyhan river on the west and Yüreğir Canal on the east.
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The Kiama Pioneer Butter Factory was erected in 1883 and later officially opened on 18 June 1884Honey, H. (1963), Kiama Pioneer Butter Factory, Bulli, p.1 in Kiama, New South Wales. It is credited with being the first factory in Australia to use cream separators, a machine that would transform processing techniques in the dairy industry. The Kiama Pioneer Butter Factory was also the first factory in Australia to make a shipment of butter to Great Britain.
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Elmer R. Gates was born near Dayton, Ohio in 1859. Most of his education took place with private tutors. He married Phebe Edson in 1894, and they had three children. Gates's inventions include the foam fire extinguisher, an improved electric iron, an aseptic brewing and fermenting process, electric loom mechanisms, diamagnetic and magnetic separators for extracting gold from sand, an incandescent gas mantle furnace, the educational toy "Box and Block," and numerous other mechanical, scientific, psychological, and educational devices.
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A partially demolished factory with dominating Cyclonic Separators Cyclonic separation is a method of removing particulates from an air, gas or liquid stream, without the use of filters, through vortex separation. When removing particulate matter from liquid, a hydrocyclone is used; while from gas, a gas cyclone is used. Rotational effects and gravity are used to separate mixtures of solids and fluids. The method can also be used to separate fine droplets of liquid from a gaseous stream.
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Handbook Of Batteries 3rd Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, 2002 , pages 25-44 to 23-53 The thicker battery plates resist corrosion through extended charge and discharge cycles. Deep-cycle lead-acid batteries generally fall into two distinct categories; flooded (FLA) and valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA), with the VRLA type further subdivided into two types, Absorbed Glass Mat (AGM) and Gel. The reinforcement of absorbed glass mat separators helps to reduce damage caused by spilling and jolting vibrations.
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The high tension rollers are usually used for streams that have coarse conductors and fine non-conductors. These separators are commonly used for separating mineral sands, an example of one of these mineral processing plants is the CRL processing plant at Pinkenba in Brisbane Queensland. In this plant, zircon, rutile and ilmenite are separated from the silica gangue. In this plant, the separation is performed in a number of stages with roughers, cleaners, scavengers and recleaners.
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An onshore job is also more attractive for the aging workforce in the petroleum industry, at least in the western world. These efforts among others are contained in the established term integrated operations. The increased use of subsea facilities helps achieve the objective of keeping more workers onshore. Subsea facilities are also easier to expand, with new separators or different modules for different oil types, and are not limited by the fixed floor space of an above-water installation.
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It also introduces the concept of "special sea areas (PPSE)" which are considered to be at risk to pollution by oil. Discharge of oil within them has been completely outlawed, with a few minimal exceptions. The first half of MARPOL Annex I deals with engine room waste. There are various generations of technologies and equipment that have been developed to prevent waste such as: Oily water separators (OWS), Oil Content meters (OCM), and Port Reception Facilities.
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Per the norm of the corporation, the minimum distance between two adjacent streetlights is 25 metre. As on 2012, the corporation maintains 262 bridges, road-overbridges and road-underbridges, including 65 high-level bridges, 31 box culverts, 81 slab culverts, 11 rail- overbridges, 14 rail-underbridges, 6 pedestrian subways, 6 causeways, 35 footbridges and 13 grade separators. In 2013, the corporation acquired a Road Measurement Data Acquisition System (ROMDAS) to check the quality of newly laid roads.
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As the pipeline enters the compressor station the natural gas passes through scrubbers, strainers or filter separators. These are vessels designed to remove any free liquids or dirt particles from the gas before it enters the compressors. Though the pipeline is carrying “dry gas,” some water and hydrocarbon liquids may condense out of the gas stream as the gas cools and moves through the pipeline. Any liquids that may be produced are collected and stored for sale or disposal.
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Only one year after the capacity was fully used due to outbreak of the First World War. Kone ja Silta produced ammunition and other military supplies and repaired Imperial Russian Navy ships. In the meantime, the demand of separators and other non-military supplies decreased. Although the military paid good prices for the products, getting raw material from Central Europe became impossible. The headcount was 700 before the war and it reached 3 000 in 1916.
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Conventional solutions concerning two- and three- phase metering systems require expensive and cumbersome test separators, with associated high maintenance, and field personnel intervention. These conventional solutions do not lend themselves to continuous automated monitoring or metering. Moreover, with diminishing oil resources, oil companies are now frequently confronted with the need to recover hydrocarbons from marginally economical reservoirs.Scheers, A.M., Noordhuis, B.R., ‘Multi- phase and Wet Gas Flow Measurement’, 5th Annual Multi-Phase Metering Conference, Aberdeen, Scotland, 1999.
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Furthermore, the electrolyte should be able to permanently wet the separator, preserving the cycle life. There is no generally accepted method used to test wettability, other than observation. ; Thermal stability: The separator must remain stable over a wide temperature range without curling or puckering, laying completely flat. ; Thermal shutdown: Separators in lithium-ion batteries must offer the ability to shut down at a temperature slightly lower than that at which thermal runaway occurs, while retaining its mechanical properties.
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A milking machine in action Upon standing for 12 to 24 hours, fresh milk has a tendency to separate into a high-fat cream layer on top of a larger, low-fat milk layer. The cream often is sold as a separate product with its own uses. Today the separation of the cream from the milk usually is accomplished rapidly in centrifugal cream separators. The fat globules rise to the top of a container of milk because fat is less dense than water.
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In some languages, integer literals may contain digit separators to allow digit grouping into more legible forms. If this is available, it can usually be done for floating point literals as well. This is particularly useful for bit fields, and makes it easier to see the size of large numbers (such as a million) at a glance by subitizing rather than counting digits. It is also useful for numbers that are typically grouped, such as credit card number or social security numbers.
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Marinised batteries are usually gel batteries or sealed maintenance-free batteries. Not using marinised batteries in salt water can be deadly in an enclosed environment for many reasons: # Sulfuric acid and salt water react to generate dangerous hydrogen chloride gas, necessitating the use of valve-regulated maintenance- free sealed batteries. # The battery must have stronger plates and separators to withstand constant vibrations and impacts caused by large waves striking the hull. Plate collapse can cause short-circuits and electrical fires or explosions.
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Kaddish (קדיש Aramaic: "holy") refers to an important and central prayer in the Jewish prayer service. The central theme of the Kaddish is the magnification and sanctification of God's name. In the liturgy, several variations of the Kaddish are used functionally as separators between various sections of the service. The term "Kaddish" is often used to refer specifically to "The Mourners' Kaddish", said as part of the mourning rituals in Judaism in all prayer services as well as at funerals and memorials.
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The company also hired people to work from their homes in Dassel picking and bagging ergot. Later, the process was improved by new machines that automated the process of separating the ergot from the rye. The grain was passed through mills that would flow into gravity separators, which had spiraling chutes that would separate the light ergot kernels from the heavier rye kernels. Peel had good timing getting into the ergot business, because supplies in the United States had been subject to disruption.
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The second is a flow meter which measures the flow rate of the water at the discharge pipe. Third, is a computing unit which calculates how much oil has actually been discharged along with the day and time of the discharge. And lastly is the overboard valve control system which is essentially just a valve that can stop the discharge from flowing out at the appropriate time. Oil content meters measure how effective the oily water separators on a ship are functioning.
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Data is sent as 8 bit bytes. A byte is preceded by a bit time that has two pulses (at both 1 and 0 times), and ends with a bit time that has another two pulses. In some variations, the stop bit-time is optional, and the dual- pulse bit times are treated as byte separators. The dual-pulse start and stop bit times permit a receiver to synchronize with the beginnings of bytes, and also measure the baud rate of a sender.
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Construction of the terminal began in 1996 with the Early Oil Project, which foresaw construction of pipelines to Supsa and Novorossiysk. Oil was first exported in October 1997. The terminal has since been expanded to include the ACG Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3 Oil Trains, BTC's main pumping station and the Shah Deniz gas plant. Facilities at the oil production plant include separators, coalescers, three new crude oil storage tanks, Export Pumps, gas turbine power generators and a central control room.
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Hewett Bacton Terminal After gas and condensate are separated in vessel-type slugcatchers and filter-separators each gas stream is fiscally metered (for tax purposes). The two Hewett field gas streams are combined and increased in pressure through an eductor. The gas stream was formerly treated with amine to remove sulphur compounds, this facility was decommissioned in 2000 when production from the sour Hewett Upper Bunter reservoir was shut-in. The gas is comingled with the LAPS gas then compressed.
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Dyson found the system inefficient, and was told by equipment manufacturers that giant cyclone systems were better. Centrifugal separators are a typical method of collecting dirt, dust and debris in industrial settings, but such methods usually were not applied on a smaller scale because of the higher cost.James Dyson - Against the Odds He knew sawmills used this type of equipment, and investigated by visiting a local sawmill at night and taking measurements. He then built a 30-foot model for the ballbarrow factory.
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If the speed is too fast then lumpy deposits will form on the workpieces, but if the speed is too slow then the metal powder will not deposit onto the workpiece. The separator separates the coated workpieces from the medium after coating. It can be as simple as a screen with water nozzles or as complicated as a vibratory system with magnetic separators. A medium handling machine then takes the separated medium and transports it to a storage tank for reuse.
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These have been used for many years for the less exacting raw-milling process, but recently roller mills, in combination with high- efficiency separators, have been used for cement grinding. The grinding action employs much greater stress on the material than in a ball mill, and is therefore more efficient. Energy consumption is typically half that of a ball mill. However, the narrowness of the particle size distribution of the cement is problematic, and the process has yet to receive wide acceptance.
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115 In 1882, he established a local creamery, which had what are believed to be the first centrifugal cream separators installed in North America. In 1885, "Juchereau" Duchesnay spoke against the execution of Louis Riel. After being elected in the 1887 federal election, he died in office at Sainte-Marie later that same year of typhoid fever at the age of 42. He was succeeded in the House of Commons by his brother-in-law Honoré Julien Jean-Baptiste Chouinard.
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Unlike a regular based numeral system, there are numbers like 9b where 9 and b each represents 35; yet the representation is unique because ac and aca are not allowed – the a would terminate the number. The flexibility in choosing threshold values allows optimization depending on the frequency of occurrence of numbers of various sizes. The case with all threshold values equal to 1 corresponds to bijective numeration, where the zeros correspond to separators of numbers with digits which are non-zero.
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In wet milling, the corn grain is separated into components by steeping in dilute sulfuric acid for 24 to 48 hours. The slurry mix then goes through a series of grinders to separate out the corn germ. The remaining components of fiber, gluten, and starch are segregated using screen, hydroclonic, and centrifugal separators. The corn starch and remaining water can be fermented into ethanol through a similar process as dry milling, dried and sold as modified corn starch, or made into corn syrup.
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However, based on the preliminary assessment, development of the following linkages is envisaged: \- Providing linkage to NH-24 and NH-58. \- Augmentation of State Highway connecting Ghaziabad-Aligarh-Agra. \- Connectivity to Greater Noida/Delhi and Faridabad/NH2 and to Faridabad-Noida- Ghaziabad and Kundli-Ghaziabad Expressways. \- Development of requisite grade separators/flyovers/interchanges and underpasses along the National Highways/ State Highways and access roads for uninterrupted freight and passenger movement to the region would also be included in the development of feeder links. .
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Some languages, such as Perl, PHP, and many shell languages, treat single quoted strings as "raw" strings, while double quoted strings have expressions (such as `"$variable"`) replaced with their values when interpreted. The C programming language (and many derived languages like C++, Java, C#, and Scala) uses apostrophes to delimit a character literal. In these languages a character is a different object than a one-letter string. In C++, since C++14, apostrophes are also used as digit separators in numeric literals.
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Grade separators on the NH 48 Pimpri Chinchwad has a 633-km long extensive network of roads connecting its various neighbourhoods. The NH 48 runs throughout the city and serves as the main connecting link for the twin cities of Pimpri Chinchwad and Pune. The NH 60 originates at Nashik Phata at Kasarwadi is another important road. The Mumbai Pune Expressway that originates at Kiwale just outside the city, is India's first six-lane high-speed expressway, and it was built in 2002.
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Conforming HTML renderers are required to apply a more literal treatment of whitespace within a few prescribed elements, such as the `pre` tag and any element for which CSS has been used to apply `pre`-like whitespace processing. In such elements, space characters will not be "collapsed" into inter-word separators. In both XML and HTML, the non-breaking space character, along with other non-"standard" spaces, is not treated as collapsible "whitespace", so it is not subject to the rules above.
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Common applications are coil winding separators and capacitor dielectrics, and other applications requiring resilience against a potential difference up to the order of a few thousand volts per layer. Turntablists (DJs) commonly place one or multiple sheets of wax paper under their records to increase record slip and aid in scratch (where the record is rotated in a number of different ways by a finger to create special sound effects) routines. In photography, wax paper can be used as a light diffuser.
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"The Hall technique: A minimal intervention, child centred approach to managing the carious primary molar", 2010. 3. p. 1-40 However temporary restorative material is not a common practice of the Hall Technique, and case selection appropriateness should be considered. The separators are generally placed 3–5 days prior to the placement of the stainless steel crown to space to be created. The clinician will provide advice on this procedure and how to proceed if these fall out prior to the next appointment.
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Together they formed a partnership known as Nichols, Shepard and Company which manufactured farm machinery, steam engines and mill machinery. The first thresher/separator of small grains (largely wheat and oats) was developed in about 1831 by the Pitts brothers—Hiram and John Pitts of Buffalo, New York. However, this early thresher, called the "ground hog," was quite unlike the conventional thresher/separators that developed since that time. For instance, the ground hog's separating unit was largely a slatted apron which pulled the grain across a screen.
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The two-phase fluid (water and steam) above the core enters the riser area, which is the upper region contained inside of the shroud. The height of this region may be increased to increase the thermal natural recirculation pumping head. At the top of the riser area is the moisture separator. By swirling the two-phase flow in cyclone separators, the steam is separated and rises upwards towards the steam dryer while the water remains behind and flows horizontally out into the downcomer or annulus region.
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In a Makefile this would typically be done with the command: rm -rf classes/ `rm` is a Unix-specific command unavailable in some other environments. Microsoft Windows, for example, would use: rmdir /S /Q classes In an Ant build file the same goal would be accomplished using a built-in command: Additionally, Ant does not differentiate between forward slash or backslash for directories and semicolon or colon for path separators. It converts each to the symbol appropriate to the platform on which it executes.
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Several stretchable energy storage devices and supercapacitors are made using carbon-based materials such as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). A study by Li et al. showed a stretchable supercapacitor (composed of buckled SWCNTs macrofilm and elastomeric separators on an elastic PDMS substrate), that performed dynamic charging and discharging. The key drawback of this stretchable energy storage technology is the low specific capacitance and energy density, although this can potentially be improved by the incorporation of redox materials, for example the SWNT/MnO2 electrode.
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The objects need not be boxes, and the separators need not be axis-parallel: :: Let C be a collection of possible orientations of hyperplanes (i.e. C = {horizontal,vertical}). Given N d-objects, such that every two disjoint object are separated by a hyperplane with an orientation from C, whose interiors are k-thick, there exists a hyperplane with an orientation from C such that at least: (N + 1 − k)/O(C) of the d-objects interiors lie entirely to each side of the hyperplane.
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They also have low internal impedance (typically 5 milliohms), which allows for high battery discharge rates, up to 50C. (C is battery capacity in Ah, divided by one hour.) NiZn batteries do not use mercury, lead, or cadmium, or metal hydrides, all of which can be difficult to recycle. Both nickel and zinc are commonly occurring elements in nature, and can be fully recycled. NiZn cells use no flammable active materials or organic electrolytes, and the newest models use polymeric separators which reduce the dendrites problem.
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Because brambles may have exponential size, it is not always possible to construct them in polynomial time for graphs of unbounded treewidth. However, when the treewidth is bounded, a polynomial time construction is possible: it is possible to find a bramble of order k, when one exists, in time O(nk + 2) where n is the number of vertices in the given graph. Even faster algorithms are possible for graphs with few minimal separators.. Bodlaender, Grigoriev, and Koster. studied heuristics for finding brambles of high order.
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Very long numbers can be further grouped by doubling up separators. Typically decimal numbers (base-10) are grouped in three digit groups (representing one of 1000 possible values), binary numbers (base-2) in four digit groups (one nibble, representing one of 16 possible values), and hexadecimal numbers (base-16) in two digit groups (each digit is one nibble, so two digits are one byte, representing one of 256 possible values). Numbers from other systems (such as id numbers) are grouped following whatever convention is in use.
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If something becomes available rather earlier than what is usual for the item in question, the first crop or early catch is called hashiri. dictionary "hashiri: The first fruits, or first caught fish of the season" Use of tree leaves and branches as decor is also characteristic of Japanese cuisine. Maple leaves are often floated on water to exude coolness or ; sprigs of nandina are popularly used. The haran (Aspidistra) and sasa bamboo leaves were often cut into shapes and placed underneath or used as separators.
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The removal of grit is essential for equipment with closely machined metal surfaces such as comminutors, fine screens, centrifuges, heat exchangers, and high pressure diaphragm pumps. Grit chambers come in 3 types: horizontal grit chambers, aerated grit chambers and vortex grit chambers. Vortex type grit chambers include mechanically induced vortex, hydraulically induced vortex, and multi- tray vortex separators. Given that traditionally, grit removal systems have been designed to remove clean inorganic particles that are greater than , most grit passes through the grit removal flows under normal conditions.
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Rotary airlock feeders have wide application in industry wherever dry free-flowing powders, granules, crystals, or pellets are used. Typical materials include: cement, ore, sugar, minerals, grains, plastics, dust, fly ash, flour, gypsum, lime, coffee, cereals, pharmaceuticals, etc. Industries requiring this type include cement, asphalt, chemical, mining, plastics, food, etc. Rotary feeders are ideal for pollution control applications in wood, grain, food, textile, paper, tobacco, rubber, and paint industries, the Standard Series works beneath dust collectors and cyclone separators even with high temperatures and different pressure differentials.
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Crude lanolin constitutes about 5–25% of the weight of freshly shorn wool. The wool from one Merino sheep will produce about 250–300 ml of recoverable wool grease. Lanolin is extracted by washing the wool in hot water with a special wool scouring detergent to remove dirt, wool grease (crude lanolin), suint (sweat salts), and anything else stuck to the wool. The wool grease is continuously removed during this washing process by centrifuge separators, which concentrate it into a waxlike substance melting at approximately .
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Rubber separators are stable in battery acid and provide valuable electrochemical advantages that other materials cannot. An effective separator must possess a number of mechanical properties; such as permeability, porosity, pore size distribution, specific surface area, mechanical design and strength, electrical resistance, ionic conductivity, and chemical compatibility with the electrolyte. In service, the separator must have good resistance to acid and oxidation. The area of the separator must be a little larger than the area of the plates to prevent material shorting between the plates.
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The magazine section is the part of the machine where the matrices are held when not in use, and released as the operator touches keys on the keyboard. The magazine is a flat box with vertical separators that form "channels", one channel for each character in the font. Most main magazines have 90 channels, but those for larger fonts carried only 72 or even 55 channels. The auxiliary magazines used on some machines typically contained 34 channels or, for a magazine carrying larger fonts, 28 channels.
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Hollingsworth & Vose Company (H&V;) is a global manufacturer of nonwoven materials and engineered papers used in filtration, energy, and industrial applications. The firm is a privately held business founded in 1843; its headquarters are in East Walpole, Massachusetts, USA. H&V; manufactures wet- laid, dry-laid, meltblown, Nanofiber, MFM adsorptive fibers, and develops aqueous and solvent-based saturation, coating, composite, and laminating technologies. The company is divided into three business divisions: air and liquid filtration media; battery separators and energy products; and industrial products.
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Arora has been awarded the Fulkerson Prize for 2012 for his work on improving the approximation ratio for graph separators and related problems (jointly with Satish Rao and Umesh Vazirani). In 2012 he became a Simons Investigator.Simons Investigators Awardees, The Simons Foundation Arora was elected to the National Academy of Sciences on May 2, 2018. He is a coauthor (with Boaz Barak) of the book Computational Complexity: A Modern Approach and is a founder, and on the Executive Board, of Princeton's Center for Computational Intractability.
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Diagram of a battery with a polymer separator A separator is a permeable membrane placed between a battery's anode and cathode. The main function of a separator is to keep the two electrodes apart to prevent electrical short circuits while also allowing the transport of ionic charge carriers that are needed to close the circuit during the passage of current in an electrochemical cell. Separators are critical components in liquid electrolyte batteries. A separator generally consists of a polymeric membrane forming a microporous layer.
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Richards invented a jet aspirator for chemical and physical laboratories and a prism for stadia surveying. But it was in the field of ore dressing that he became especially distinguished. He determined the curves of material settling in water, thereby establishing the fundamental principles of sorting ore by means of jigs and other machines. He invented separators for Lake Superior copper, Virginia iron, and three for ores of the Western United States. Richards served as president of the American Institute of Mining Engineers in 1886.
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Each DGP covers a planning area with a population of around 150,000 served by a town centre. The planning areas are further divided into subzones, each served by a commercial centre. The size of each planning area and its subzone varies depending on the land uses, proximity to the Central Area, and existing physical separators such as expressways, rivers, major open spaces and other demarcators. All the 55 DGPs were completed in December 1998 and were gazetted as the new statutory Master Plan, known as Master Plan 1998.
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Turgut Özal boulevard in Çukurova The urban neighborhoods of Çukurova are spread into 3 distinctive zones. The major separators of these zones are the Adana Metro and the Turgut Özal boulevard. North of Turgut Özal Boulevard: The most scenic section of Adana, the zone is all residential, villas on the hills overlooking to the Seyhan Reservoir and high rise buildings along Turgut Özal and Süleyman Demirel Boulevards. This zone is bounded with Özal Boulevard on the south, Sadık Ahmet Boulevard on the west and Seyhan Reservoir on the north.
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The feedwater subcools the saturated water from the moisture separators. This water now flows down the downcomer or annulus region, which is separated from the core by a tall shroud. The water then goes through either jet pumps or internal recirculation pumps that provide additional pumping power (hydraulic head). The water now makes a 180-degree turn and moves up through the lower core plate into the nuclear core, where the fuel elements heat the water. Water exiting the fuel channels at the top guide is saturated with a steam quality of about 15%.
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Strongly chordal graphs are graphs that are chordal and contain no n-sun (for n ≥ 3) as an induced subgraph. Here an n-sun is an n-vertex chordal graph G together with a collection of n degree-two vertices, adjacent to the edges of a Hamiltonian cycle in G. K-trees are chordal graphs in which all maximal cliques and all maximal clique separators have the same size.. Apollonian networks are chordal maximal planar graphs, or equivalently planar 3-trees. Maximal outerplanar graphs are a subclass of 2-trees, and therefore are also chordal.
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The size of the separators it produces can be further improved, in practice, by using a nonuniform distribution for the random cutting planes.. The stereographic projection in the Miller et al. argument can be avoided by considering the smallest circle containing a constant fraction of the centers of the disks and then expanding it by a constant picked uniformly in the range [1,2]. It is easy to argue, as in Miller et al., that the disks intersecting the expanded circle form a valid separator, and that, in expectation, the separator is of the right size.
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However, not all Maildir-related software needs to know what the separator character is, because not all Maildir-related software needs to be able to read or modify the flags of a message ("read", "replied to" etc.); software that merely delivers to a Maildir, or archives old messages from it based only on date, should work no matter what separator is in use. If only the MUA needs to read or modify message flags, and only one is used, then non- standard alternative separators may be used without interoperability problems.
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Dryandra verae ("True Dryandra") was published by Brown in his 1830 Supplementum primum Prodromi florae Novae Hollandiae. Brown's arrangement of Dryandra split a single species out into a separate genus, and divided the remaining Dryandra species into three groups according to what Brown perceived to be variations in the number of seed separators. He allowed for these groups to be treated at subgenus or section rank, but they are now treated as having been published as sections. Dryandra verae was defined as containing those species with a single seed separator per follicle.
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Israel, Japan and France also built some research calutrons, including the SOLIS and MEIRA separators at the Soreq Nuclear Research Center. There is also CERN's Isotope Separator On-Line Detector (ISOLDE), which was built in 1967. Four research and production calutrons were built at the China Institute of Atomic Energy in Beijing of identical design to those of the USSR in the early 1960s. A calutron at the Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics at Bidhan Nagar in India was used to produce plutonium for India's first nuclear test on 18 May 1974.
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The separators (File, Group, Record, and Unit: FS, GS, RS and US) were made to structure data, usually on a tape, in order to simulate punched cards. End of medium (EM) warns that the tape (or other recording medium) is ending. While many systems use CR/LF and TAB for structuring data, it is possible to encounter the separator control characters in data that needs to be structured. The separator control characters are not overloaded; there is no general use of them except to separate data into structured groupings.
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In some programming languages, it is possible to group the digits in the program's source code to make it easier to read; see Integer literal: Digit separators. Ada, C# (from version 7.0), D, Haskell (from GHC version 8.6.1), Java, OCaml, Perl, Python (from version 3.6), PHP (from version 7.4), Ruby, Go (from version 1.13), Rust, Julia, and Swift use the underscore (_) character for this purpose; as such, these languages allow seven hundred million to be entered as 700_000_000. Fixed-form Fortran ignores whitespace (in all contexts), so 700 000 000 is permissible.
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In languages with a literary tradition, there is interrelation between orthography and the question of what is considered a single word. Word separators (typically spaces) are common in modern orthography of languages using alphabetic scripts, but these are (excepting isolated precedents) a relatively modern development (see also history of writing). In English orthography, compound expressions may contain spaces. For example, ice cream, air raid shelter and get up each are generally considered to consist of more than one word (as each of the components are free forms, with the possible exception of get).
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The topsides were designed by McDermot Engineering. The plant had a capacity of 50,000 barrels of oil per day and 30,000 barrels of produced water per day. The plant comprised two parallel 3-phase (oil, gas and produced water) first stage separators operating at a pressure of 440 kPa and a common 3-phase second stage separator operating at a pressure of 241 kPa. Oil shipping pumps with a capacity of 55,000 barrels per day delivered oil to the export pipeline to the Cormorant A installation at a pressure of 3447 kPa.
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Blood donation pictogram Blood donation center at the University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland. From left to right: Two cell separators for apheresis, secluded office for pre-donation blood pressure measurement and blood count, and on the right, chairs for whole blood donations. A blood donation occurs when a person voluntarily has blood drawn and used for transfusions and/or made into biopharmaceutical medications by a process called fractionation (separation of whole-blood components). Donation may be of whole blood, or of specific components directly (the latter called apheresis).
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It is currently being used for optimising existing Joule–Thomson (JT-LTS) systems to minimise liquid carryover. The swirl valve is exactly the same as a Joule-Thomson (JT) choke valve, but it enhances the performance of downstream separators for the same pressure drop, by maximising droplet coalescence. The technology can be applied where a low temperature separator is undersized, or when a lower pressure drop over a JT valve is needed with a similar dew pointing performance. It can also be applied for reducing glycol/chemical inhibition liquid mist carry-over problems.
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After passing through the final intercooler coil the compressed air passes through separators to mechanically remove condensed water and oil droplets, after which other contaminants re removed in the filters by chemical bonding, absorption and catalysis. The first filter medium is desiccant, as water contamination can reduce the effectiveness of some of the other media. Next is the carbon monoxide converting catalyst (if used), then activated carbon, and finally a particulate filter, which will also catch dust from the filter media. The ratio of desiccant to activated carbon will be somewhere around 70/30.
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This creates a centrifugal force, that accelerates as it moves down the tapered cone. The centripetal and centrifugal forces separate the heavier water component to the outside of the vortex while the lighter oil droplets are forced to the centre. The separated oils are removed through an orifice at the inlet end of the cone and treated water is discharged through the opposite end. The centrifugal forces generated inside the vortex of the better de- oiling hydrocyclone separators are of the order of 1,000 times the force of gravity.
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This treatment method may be preferable to high temperature incineration in some circumstances such as in the destruction of concentrated organic waste types, including PCBs, pesticides and other persistent organic pollutants. Dangerous chemicals can also be permanently stored in landfills as long as leaching is prevented.Land Disposal Units Valuable metals, such as copper in electric cable, that are mixed with other materials may be recovered by the use of shredders and separators in the same fashion as e-waste recycling. The shredders cut the electronics into metallic and non-metallic pieces.
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This test has also been called daily test and may have various other namings. Often, and especially at offshore fields, a number of wells produce to a common separator, and flows from several separators or facilities may be headed into a commingled flow in pipeline that transports oil or gas for sale (export). The total flow rate of all wells in total are measured, but the contributions of the individual wells are unknown. It is important to know the individual contributions to account hydrocarbon material balance and for well monitoring and reservoir management.
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Another method to obtain individual well flow rates takes the state observer approach, where the states to be estimated as the unknown flow rates from individual wells. This approach allows the incorporation of other modes of measurements such as spin-cuts (manual water cut readings) and dynamometer card based inferred rates. The reconciliation of these measurements with the flow tests, along with a systematic mechanism to account for measurement noise, leads to improved per well rate estimation accuracy. Multiphase flow meters have to some degree reduced the need for flow tests and test separators.
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Cyclones, separators, cone and basket strainers with fine mesh are used to reduce black powder contamination levels but are not efficient to sub-micron levels and are subject to plugging and loss of structural integrity. For hydrocarbon condensates, light crude or heavy crude and refined products, very little filtration is utilized. Damage to flow meters, valves and pumps is very costly. Traditional filtration used in these applications is mesh screens in cone strainer and basket strainer formats that are designed to stop contamination in excess of 100 microns.
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Twenty years later, Brown issued a supplement to his Prodromus, entitled Supplementum Primum Prodromi Florae Novae Hollandiae. He added a further 11 species to Dryandra, but transferred D. falcata into a new, monospecific genus as Hemiclidia Baxteri, on the grounds that its follicles always contained only a single seed. The remaining 23 Dryandra species were divided into three sections based on the number of seed separators in each follicle. He allowed for these groups to be given subgenus rather than sectional rank, but they are now treated as having been published as sections.e.g.
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A tank and truck made using ASCII art The "Roflcopter" as an example for animated ASCII art ASCII art is used wherever text can be more readily printed or transmitted than graphics, or in some cases, where the transmission of pictures is not possible. This includes typewriters, teleprinters, non-graphic computer terminals, printer separators, in early computer networking (e.g., BBSes), e-mail, and Usenet news messages. ASCII art is also used within the source code of computer programs for representation of company or product logos, and flow control or other diagrams.
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From its opening in November 2002 to May 2016, the line was operated solely with four-car T1 subway trains with two staff members operating the trains – one driver and one guard who operates the doors. On May 30, 2016, new four-car Toronto Rocket (TR) subway trains were introduced on this line. They replaced the older T1 subway trains, which were moved to Line 2 Bloor–Danforth. The TRs are based on Bombardier Transportation's Movia- styled train sets and are the first TTC trains which have no separators between the cars.
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They power four propellers in four shaft configuration, producing a total thrust of at the shaft, providing a top speed of over 30 knots. Six turbo alternators and six diesel alternators generate 18 MW of electricity to power various equipment. Modern oil-water separators as well as a sewage treatment plant were incorporated to meet international standards. Six new Finnish Wärtsilä 1.5 MW diesel generators, a Global Marine communications system, Sperry Bridgemaster navigation radar, a new telephone exchange, new data link and an IFF Mk XI system were added.
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Schematic view of the cooling system and turbogenerators of a RBMK power plant. Circulation system of the RBMK illustrating the Steam separators (red), Pumps (yellow) and pipe network. The reactor has two independent cooling circuits, each having four main circulating pumps (three operating, one standby). The cooling water is fed to the reactor through lower water lines to a common pressure header (one for each cooling circuit), which is split to 22 group distribution headers, each feeding 38–41 pressure channels through the core, where the feedwater boils.
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SDS has been proposed as a potentially effective topical microbicide, for intravaginal use, to inhibit and possibly prevent infection by various enveloped and non- enveloped viruses such as the herpes simplex viruses, HIV, and the Semliki Forest virus. In gas hydrate formation experiments, SDS is used as a gas hydrate growth promoter. Researchers aim for gas hydrate promotions as scale- up of industrial applications of gas hydrates such as desalination process, gas storage, and gas separation technologies. Liquid membranes formed from SDS in water have been demonstrated to work as unusual particle separators.
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The dressing applied to a donor's arm after giving blood Following the donation (and subsequent dressing of the wound), donors are invited to refreshments. This period serves two vital purposes: to replace certain lost fluids, and to allow staff to monitor the donor's wellbeing. Donations can also be taken by machines called cell separators, usually in larger blood donation centres located in city centres. These machines use a process called apheresis to collect either blood plasma only, or plasma and platelets, the other blood cells being returned to the patient.
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The absence of equalizing pulses to facilitate interlace was defended at the start of the BBC service on the grounds that it only caused a lack of interlace with field synchronizing separators of the integrator type, and that there were, even at that time, numerous other circuits which gave completely accurate interlace without equalizing pulses. The question was raised again from time to time, but a series of tests, conducted during 1952 in cooperation with the British Radio Equipment Manufacturers' Association, confirmed that there was no general need for equalizing pulses.
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Many LP products include extensions to the MPS format. The free format MPS allows for long names and more accurate data by allowing fields to exceed the columns defined by the original standard, and apply whitespaces as separators instead of fixed column positions (note that this makes some MPS files that included whitespaces as part of names to be no longer valid). Some extensions include adding new kind of data to the MPS file (e.g. sections to include objective sense, integrality requirements, quadratic data or advanced MIP modelling constructs).
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A day or timestamp is a palindrome when its digits are the same when reversed. Only the digits are considered in this determination and the component separators (hyphens, slashes, and dots) are ignored. Short digits may be used as in 11/11/11 11:11 or long digits as in 2 February 2020. A notable palindrome day is this century's 2 February 2020 because this date is a palindrome regardless of the date format by country (yyyy-mm-dd, dd-mm-yyyy, or mm-dd-yyyy) used in various countries.
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Polymer separators generally are made from microporous polymer membranes. Such membranes are typically fabricated from a variety of inorganic, organic and naturally occurring materials. Pore sizes are typically larger than 50-100 Å. Membranes synthesized by dry processes are more suitable for higher power density, given their open and uniform pore structure, while those made by wet processes are offer more charge/discharge cycles because of their tortuous and interconnected pore structure. This helps to suppress the conversion of charge carriers into crystals on anodes during fast or low temperature charging.
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The main junctions and traffic hotspots are at Adugodi, Dairy Circle, Sagar Hospital, Gurappanapalya, Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiology, N. S. Palya, Bilekahalli, Arekere Gate, Hulimavu Gate, Gottigere, Bannerghatta Circle, Koppa Gate, and Jigani industrial area. The NICE BMIC peripheral ring road intersects with State Highway 87 south of Gottigere. For approximately five kilometers south of Jayadeva underpass, South Avenue, Bannerghatta Road was widened to four lanes by Mantri Developers in one of the city's first private-public partnerships. The Dairy Circle and the Jayadeva grade separators are on this road.
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A father and son panning for gold at ArgoThe Argo Mill is open all year for tours, weather permitting. Visitors are provided with a brief history movie, an ore sample and mining equipment demonstration, a tour of the now-reopened tunnel entrance, and a descending tour of the mill structure and extant equipment including gravity separators, amalgamation trays, and froth flotation cells. An indoor museum on the bottom level includes many mining artifacts. An outdoor museum, partly visible from the street, includes larger period equipment used in various stages of extraction, separation, and smelting.
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Chennai is connected to other parts of the state and the Union Territory of Puducherry by state highways. The government has constructed grade separators and flyovers at major intersections, and built Inner Ring Road and Outer Ring Road. The Gemini flyover, built in 1973, crosses over the arterial road, and eases the traffic movements towards Anna Salai and towards the Kathipara Flyover. , according to the Transport Department, there were 25.8 lakh two–wheelers and 5.6 lakh four–wheelers in the city, and the Metropolitan Transport Corporation (MTC) bus fleet were 3,421, equaling 0.1% of all vehicles in the city.
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Steam exiting the turbine flows into condensers located underneath the low- pressure turbines, where the steam is cooled and returned to the liquid state (condensate). The condensate is then pumped through feedwater heaters that raise its temperature using extraction steam from various turbine stages. Feedwater from the feedwater heaters enters the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) through nozzles high on the vessel, well above the top of the nuclear fuel assemblies (these nuclear fuel assemblies constitute the "core") but below the water level. The feedwater enters into the downcomer or annulus region and combines with water exiting the moisture separators.
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All cells of the grid have an identifier (DGG's cell ID), and the center of the cell can be used as reference for cell ID conversion into geographical point. When a compact human-readable expression of the cell ID is standardized, it becomes a geocode. Geocodes of different geocode systems can represent the same position in the globe, with same shape and precision, but differ in string-length, digit-alphabet, separators, etc. Non-global grids also differ by scope, and in general are geometrically optimized (avoid overlaps, gaps or loss of uniformity) for the local use.
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It was very difficult to separate the fine copper from the surrounding rock. As was common practice in the Copper Country, the ore was crushed in a stamp mill and concentrated by gravity. However, the gravity separators of the time could not efficiently separate the fine copper particles, and much copper was lost in the waste tailings. By February 1887, the Nonesuch mine was completely stripped of its machinery, which was brought to the dock in Union Bay to be shipped to other mines in the area."Nonesuch." October 17, 2007. Copper Country Vertical File: Copper and Mining - Companies - Nonesuch Mining Company (2004).
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In addition to drawing business to West Chester, Josiah Hoopes also designed the benches and fountains at Marshall Square Park and served on the Board of Trustees at the West Chester State Normal School.Jones 2003, p. 20. Sharples Separator Works The third major industry in West Chester in the late 1800s was the Sharples Separator Works. Philip M. Sharples built a shop in April 1881 and built many different things made out of wood or metal such as farm machinery and steam engines.Jones 2003, p. 31. He began manufacturing cream separators in 1883, which became his most profitable product.
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The wastewaters from large-scale industries such as oil refineries, petrochemical plants, chemical plants, and natural gas processing plants commonly contain gross amounts of oil and suspended solids. Those industries use a device known as an API oil-water separator which is designed to separate the oil and suspended solids from their wastewater effluents. The name is derived from the fact that such separators are designed according to standards published by the American Petroleum Institute (API). The API separator is a gravity separation device designed by using Stokes Law to define the rise velocity of oil droplets based on their density and size.
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Desanders have no moving parts. The larger the internal diameter of the desander is, the greater the amount of drilling fluids it is able to process and the larger the size of the solids removed. A desander with a ( cone) is able to remove 50% of solids within the 40-50 μm (micrometre) range at a flow rate of , whilea desilter ( Cone) is able to remove 50% of solids within the 15-20 μm range at a flow rate of . Micro-fine separators are able to remove 50% of solids within the 10-15 μm range at a flow rate of .
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The medium in the primary DMS circuit consists of a mixture of milled ferrosilicon and magnetite, with the exact mix regulated to maintain appropriate medium stability. The secondary and scavenger DMS correct mediums consist purely of atomised ferrosilicon. All correct mediums are kept at the correct density using a set of densifiers, supplemented by low intensity wet magnetic separators (LIMS) removing ferrosilicon from the dilute medium. The non- magnetic proportion of the LIMS feed reports to the same effluent tank that also contains the below-0.5 mm proportion of the feed removed by the prep screen.
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This kiln uses diesel as a reductant to generate carbon monoxide, which reacts with haematite and other iron oxides in the feed at approximately 700 °C, to create magnetite or maghemite whilst leaving other minerals largely unaffected. This process changes paramagnetic haematite into ferromagnetic maghemite/magnetite. Wolframite, like hematite, is paramagnetic and without this reduction step separation of haematite and wolframite would be impossible using magnetic separators. The reduced ore from the kiln is cooled and fed onto a low intensity magnetic separator (LIMS) which is designed to remove the now highly magnetic iron oxides, which are sent to the tailings thickener.
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These could be bought stand alone (many were used in the construction industry), or powering a complementary range of pumps, churns, cream separators, autotrucks, generating plant and sheep shearing equipment. The branded Woodware Works continued to produce ornamental tubs, garden seats and other ornamental garden furniture. The company headquarters were in an early 16th-century Priory building in Dursley. In the nearby valley was located a foundry, together with a number of other workshops necessary for the production of engines and the various other products offered, including a machining shop, capstan lathe shop, engine assembly lines, and a coopers' shop.
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For ease of reading, numbers with many digits may be divided into groups using a delimiter, such as comma "," or dot ".", half- space " ", space " ", underbar "_" (as in maritime "21_450") or apostrophe «'». In some countries, these "digit group separators" are only employed to the left of the decimal separator; in others, they are also used to separate numbers with a long fractional part. An important reason for grouping is that it allows rapid judgement of the number of digits, via subitizing (telling at a glance) rather than counting (contrast, for example, with 100000000 for one hundred million).
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Since 2003, the use of spaces as separators (for example: and for "twenty thousand" and "one million") has been officially endorsed by SI/ISO 31-0 standard, as well as by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures and the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC),International Bureau of Weights and Measures. "Rules and style conventions for expressing values of quantities": "". the American Medical Association's widely followed AMA Manual of Style, and the Metrication Board, among others. The groups created by the delimiters tend to follow the use of the local language, which varies.
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Released in 2008, Peepers is Polar Bear's first release for Yorkshire-based label The Leaf Label. The album differs from earlier records in its lack of additional musicians and in the fact that it was recorded live, in one room without separators or headphones. The music was recorded in just two days and previous to that the band had minimal rehearsals, performing the music only at two shows at the Vortex Jazz Club in North London. In 2015, a public poll selected Peepers as one of ten albums to be reissued as part of The Leaf Label's 20th anniversary celebrations.
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Gas from the first stage and second stage separators was compressed to a pressure of 7791 kPa. Gas was dehydrated in a counter-current glycol dehydrator operating at 1000 kPa, the gas stream could also be passed through a zinc oxide unit to remove sulphur compounds. A turbo-expander/re-compressor unit and a Joule-Thomson valve allowed the gas to expand and chill (from 7550 kPa at 11 °C to 3931 kPa at –13 °C) to extract natural gas liquids (NGL). These, together with condensate from the compressor scrubbers, was co-mingled with the export oil stream.
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In the steam drum, the water is returned to the downcomers and the steam is passed through a series of steam separators and dryers that remove water droplets from the steam. The dry steam then flows into the superheater coils. The boiler furnace auxiliary equipment includes coal feed nozzles and igniter guns, soot blowers, water lancing, and observation ports (in the furnace walls) for observation of the furnace interior. Furnace explosions due to any accumulation of combustible gases after a trip-out are avoided by flushing out such gases from the combustion zone before igniting the coal.
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Process Sketch Oil and Gas export (2006) Produced water from the Second Stage Separator is recycled to the Production Separator, and from there to the produced water treatment facilities using hydrocyclones before overboard disposal. Vapour from the two Separators is compressed in an Offgas Compressor and a LP/HP compressor. Compressed gas passes through a Mercury Removal Bed and an Acid Gas Removal system, which uses a counter-current flow of amine solvent, and then through a Mercaptans Removal Bed. The gas is dehydrated in a gas dehydration system which uses a counter-current flow of glycol.
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Centrifuge oily water separator A centrifugal water–oil separator, centrifugal oil–water separator or centrifugal liquid–liquid separator is a device designed to separate oil and water by centrifugation. It generally contains a cylindrical container that rotates inside a larger stationary container. The denser liquid, usually water, accumulates at the periphery of the rotating container and is collected from the side of the device, whereas the less dense liquid, usually oil, accumulates at the rotation axis and is collected from the center. Centrifugal oil–water separators are used for waste water processing and for cleanup of oil spills on sea or on lake.
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In the case of centrifugal compressors, commercial designs currently do not exceed a compression ratio of more than 3.5 to 1 in any one stage (for a typical gas). Since compression raises the temperature, the compressed gas is to be cooled between stages making the compression less adiabatic and more isothermal. The inter-stage coolers typically result in some partial condensation that is removed in vapor-liquid separators. In the case of small reciprocating compressors, the compressor flywheel may drive a cooling fan that directs ambient air across the intercooler of a two or more stage compressor.
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Turbine hall in the Tyssedal hydroelectric power station in Norway. Note the overhead crane along the length of the hall, for moving in and out machinery. The turbine hall, generating hall or turbine building is a building or room in any steam cycle or hydroelectric power plant which houses a number of components vital to the generation of electricity from the steam that comes from the boiler, or from the water coming from the reservoir. The components in the turbine hall typically are the turbines and electric generators, and in the case of steam cycle plants, moisture separators and reheaters.
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Alwyne Meade, Modern Gasworks Practice, D. Van Nostrand Company, New York, 1916, pages 291-292 As extremely finely divided particles were also suspended in the gas, it was impossible to separate the particulate matter solely by a reduction of vapor pressure. The gas underwent processes to remove all traces of solid or liquid matter before it reached the wet purification plant. Centrifugal separators, such as the Colman Cyclone apparatus were utilized for this process in some plants.Colman "Cyclone" Separator The hydrocarbon condensates removed in the order heavy tars, medium tars and finally light tars and oil fog.
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The use of underscores as word separators dates back to the late 1960s. It is particularly associated with C, being found in The C Programming Language (1978), and contrasted with pascal case (a type of camel case). However, the convention traditionally had no specific name: the Python (programming language) style guide refers to it simply as "lower_case_with_underscores". Within Usenet the term snake_case was first seen in the Ruby community in 2004, used by Gavin Kistner, writing: However, former Intel engineer Jack Dahlgren has stated that he was using the term internally at Intel (and perhaps in dialogue with Microsoft engineers) in 2002.
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However, this merging does not change the separators of the tree other than removing the separator between the two merged nodes. The latter is a consequence of acyclicity: two joined nodes cannot be joined to the same other node. If n_1 and n_2 are two nodes to be merged and N_1 and N_2 are the sets of nodes joined to them, then N_1 \cap N_2=\emptyset, as otherwise there would be cycle in the tree. As a result, the node obtained by merging n_1 and n_2 will be joined to each of the nodes of N_1 \cup N_2.
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Well-designed cyclonic separators can be very efficient in removing even fine particulates, and may be operated continuously without requiring frequent shutdowns for maintenance. Fabric filters or baghouses are the most commonly employed in general industry. They work by forcing dust-laden air through a bag-shaped fabric filter leaving the particulate to collect on the outer surface of the bag and allowing the now clean air to pass through to either be exhausted into the atmosphere or in some cases recirculated into the facility. Common fabrics include polyester and fiberglass and common fabric coatings include PTFE (commonly known as Teflon).
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The belt conveyors feed coal via the screening and crushing plant, where it is also passed through magnetic separators, to the transfer tower. From this tower the coal can be passed to stock via a boom stacker or direct to the boiler house. There are seven belt weighers installed in the conveyor system, to enable checks to be made on the coal quantities passed to stock, re-claimed from stock and finally passed to the boiler house bunkers. The four 2,722-tonne-capacity (3,000-ton) boiler bunkers will hold enough coal for overnight operation without drawing from the coal store.
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The junction used to be a roundabout with a statue of Jawaharlal Nehru. A cloverleaf grade separator was constructed as part of the NHDP to ease traffic congestion at the junction. The structure was built at an estimated project cost of with an initial deadline of March 2007. It is the first of three grade separators being built on the Inner Ring Road to improve connectivity between the various National Highways radiating from the city, the other two being the one on Koyambedu junction (NH 4) near the Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminus and the one at Padi Junction (NH 205).
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After moving to Helsinki Mattson acquired 50.4% share of engineering company Kone- ja Siltarakennus (Kone ja Silta) which was amongst 30 biggest companies of Finland in number of headcount. The company benefitted from machinery orders by the Finnish forest industry, and its managers Julius Stjernvall and later Robert Lavonius grew the company substantially through acquisitions. By the 1930s Kone ja Silta had become the largest engineering company of Finland, producing locks, separators, ships, bridges and other engineering products. The rapid growth together with the 1930s recession led to financial problems; Kone ja Silta could not deliver profit, which frustrated Mattson.
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The company Indian Rare Earths Limited (IREL) has developed a process to extract uranium from the Western and Eastern coastal dune sands of India. After pre-processing with high-intensity magnetic separators and fine grinding, the mineral sands (known as monazite), are digested with caustic soda at about and water. The hydroxide concentrate is further digested with concentrated hydrochloric acid to solubilise all hydroxides to form a feed solution composed of chlorides of uranium and other rare earth elements including thorium. The solution is subjected to liquid–liquid extraction with dual solvent systems to produce uranyl chloride and thorium oxalate.
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He also originated a method of finding the efficiency of a dynamo. Cardew's invention of the vibratory transmitter for telegraphy was perhaps his most important discovery, and in the case of faulty lines proved most useful, not only on active service in the Nile Expedition and in India, but also during heavy snowstorms at home. Cardew received a money reward for this invention, half from the Imperial and half from the Indian government. The utility of the invention was much extended by Cardew's further invention of "separators", consisting of a combination of "choking coil" and two condensers.
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This taxon was first published by Meissner in his 1856 chapter on the Proteaceae in A. P. de Candolle's Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis.. Meissner's arrangement followed that of Robert Brown in segregating a single species into the genus Hemiclidia, and dividing the remaining species into three sections according to what were perceived to be variations in the number of seed separators. Meissner then further divided D. sect. Eudryandra into eight unranked groups signified by the symbol "§". The first of these, Dryandra § Ilicinae, was defined as comprising four species with leaves resembling those of Ilex (Holly).
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A centrifugal water-oil separator, centrifugal oil-water separator or centrifugal liquid-liquid separator is a device designed to separate oil and water by centrifugation. It generally contains a cylindrical container that rotates inside a larger stationary container. The denser liquid, usually water, accumulates at the periphery of the rotating container and is collected from the side of the device, whereas the less dense liquid, usually oil, accumulates at the rotation axis and is collected from the center. Centrifugal oil-water separators are used for waste water processing and for cleanup of oil spills on sea or on lake.
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In beer brewing, kieselguhr (an off-white powder known as diatomaceous earth) is used to filter water from the alcoholic beverages. The addition of a conical plate centrifuge will reduce the usage of kieselguhr, be more economical and time-efficient, as well as minimise product loss. In olive oil production, high speed separators are extensively used, therefore conical plate centrifuge is highly recommended because it ensures efficient separation with minimal oil heating and oxidation. For cold-pressed lemon oil (etheric oil), it needs a separator specifically designed to handle the delicate nature and value of the oil.
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Trommel screens can be used in a variety of applications such as classification of solid waste and recovery of valuable minerals from raw materials. Trommels come in many designs such as concentric screens, series or parallel arrangement and each component has a few configurations. However depending on the application required, trommels have several advantages and limitations over other screening processes such as vibrating screens, grizzly screens, roller screens, curved screens and gyratory screen separators. Some of the main governing equations for a trommel screen include the screening rate, screening efficiency and residence time of particles in the screen.
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In graph theory, a haven is a certain type of function on sets of vertices in an undirected graph. If a haven exists, it can be used by an evader to win a pursuit-evasion game on the graph, by consulting the function at each step of the game to determine a safe set of vertices to move into. Havens were first introduced by as a tool for characterizing the treewidth of graphs. Their other applications include proving the existence of small separators on minor- closed families of graphs, and characterizing the ends and clique minors of infinite graphs...
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Interior of the MuseumThe Museum of Leather Artistry (), in Vic, is a museum dedicated to the decorative and applied leather arts, founded in 1996 and located in the refurbished convent of El Carme. It exhibits the collection of Vic tanner Andreu Colomer i Munmany, focusing on objects made totally or partially of leather, such as trunks, room separators, altar frontals, chest tables, stools, saddles, masks or shadow puppets.Omnium, Fitxa del Museu de l'Art de la Pell de Vic Of particular interest is the guadamassil technique (polychrome- or gold-embossed leather) and cordovan applied to boxes and chests. It is part of the Barcelona Provincial Council Local Museum Network.
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As the solution cools, the solubility of the solute in the solvent will gradually become smaller. The resultant solution is described as supersaturated, meaning that there is more solute dissolved in the solution than would be predicted by its solubility at that temperature. Crystallization can then be induced from this supersaturated solution and the resultant pure crystals removed by such methods as vacuum filtration and centrifugal separators. The remaining solution, once the crystals have been filtered out, is known as the mother liquor, and will contain a portion of the original solute (as predicted by its solubility at that temperature) as well as any impurities that were not filtered out.
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Emissions such as NOx, SOx and volatile organic compounds from pellet burning equipment are in general very low in comparison to other forms of combustion heating. A recognized problem is the emission of fine particulate matter to the air, especially in urban areas that have a high concentration of pellet heating systems or coal or oil heating systems in close proximity. This PM2.5 emissions of older pellet stoves and boilers can be problematic in close quarters, especially in comparison to natural gas (or renewable biogas), though on large installations electrostatic precipitators, cyclonic separators, or baghouse particle filters can control particulates when properly maintained and operated.
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The maintenance and construction of roads to address the growing traffic in the city has been a challenge to the BDA and the BMP. Development of the city road infrastructure has revolved around imposing one-way traffic in certain areas, improving traffic flow in junctions, constructing ring roads, bridges, floyers and other grade separators. Six high volume junctions were identified for improvements, through a public-private partnership involving corporate sponsors and various state government agencies, such as the Siddapur Road and Hosur Road junction, sponsored by Infosys and the Airport Road and Intermediate Ring Road junction sponsored by the TATAs. Flyovers were constructed in the city to ease traffic congestion.
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Many computer installations used cards with the opposite corner cut (sometimes no corner cut) as "job separators", so that an operator could stack several job decks in the card reader at the same time and be able to quickly separate the decks manually when they removed them from the stacker. These cards (e.g., a JCL "JOB" card to start a new job) were often prepunched in large quantities in advance.Columbia University Computing History: IBM Cards This was especially useful when the main computer did not read the cards directly, but instead read their images from magnetic tape that was prepared offline by smaller computers such as the IBM 1401.
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The key innovation of the MBA Polymers approach was that a mixed waste plastic stream could be sorted into usable pure plastic varieties. Recovery of durable plastic products in earlier processes required that each type of plastic part be identified and sorted by hand into separate batches. The sorted parts were ground and could then be pelletized for reuse but it was costly and difficult to acquire enough of any given type of plastic to justify the expense. Once a mixture of durable goods such as refrigerators are ground into chips, the metal may be removed by magnets and other magnetic-based separators such as eddy-current sorters.
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Because of the connection between separators and expansion, every minor-closed graph family, including the family of planar graphs, has polynomial expansion. The same is true for 1-planar graphs, and more generally the graphs that can be embedded onto surfaces of bounded genus with a bounded number of crossings per edge, as well as the biclique-free string graphs, since these all obey similar separator theorems to the planar graphs., 14.2 Crossing Number, pp. 319–321.... In higher dimensional Euclidean spaces, intersection graphs of systems of balls with the property that any point of space is covered by a bounded number of balls also obey separator theorems.
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Before the advent of centrifugal separators, separation was performed by letting milk sit in a container until the cream floated to the top and could be skimmed off by hand. A variant container-separator had a nozzle at the bottom which was opened to allow the milk to drain off. A window in the side, near the nozzle at the bottom, allowed the operator to observe when the milk was drained. The centrifugal separator was first manufactured by Gustaf de Laval, making it possible to separate cream from milk faster and more easily, without having to let the milk sit for a time, and risk it turning sour.
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JSON syntax is a basis of YAML version 1.2, which was promulgated with the express purpose of bringing YAML "into compliance with JSON as an official subset". Though prior versions of YAML were not strictly compatible,The incompatibilities were as follows: JSON allows extended character sets like UTF-32 and had incompatible unicode character escape syntax relative to YAML; YAML required a space after separators like comma, equals, and colon while JSON does not. Some non-standard implementations of JSON extend the grammar to include Javascript's comments. Handling such edge cases may require light pre- processing of the JSON before parsing as in-line YAML.
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The urban neighborhoods of Seyhan are spread into 7 distinctive zones. The major separators of these zones are the D400 state road, railway line, Adana Metro, Şakirpaşa Airport and the little canal. Ulu Camii Seyhan general view Dilberler Sekisi Park Dilberler Sekisi Old Town: Referring to the city of Adana before the foundation of the Republic, this zone is bordered by D400 state road on the road, Seyhan river on the west, roughly Debboy and Obalar street at the south and the Adana Şakirpaşa Airport on the west. The city was first founded in Tepebağ and then spread in three directions, thus this zone holds almost all the history of Adana.
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The major activities of ASFA are member driven and educational, including publication of the Journal of Clinical Apheresis Special Issue: Clinical Applications of Therapeutic Apheresis: An Evidence Based Approach, publication of Principles of Apheresis Technology Textbook, publication of Therapeutic Apheresis: A Physician's Handbook, monthly apheresis educational webinar program and developing programming for the ASFA Annual Meeting. ASFA was formed in 1982. It grew from the merger of two organizations, the Society of Hemapheresis Specialists (SHS) and the original ASFA. The SHS was formed by nursing and allied health personnel, who were responsible for performing the donor and therapeutic procedures and operating the various blood cell separators.
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Due to other concerns, this correspondence is inexact: for example, SP (Space) and `0` (zero) both have low bits 00000 (to ease collation for space and conversion to/from binary coded decimal for 0), preventing `0` from lining up with `)` (right parenthesis), its conventional value, and thus instead () corresponded to 89, instead of 90 as on typewriters. Further, while digits were placed in column 3, the characters ,-./ (conventionally unshifted) were placed in column 2, to ease collation, due to being used as separators, and the characters ;: (conventionally paired) were both placed in column 3. Other symbols also did not line up with their conventional digit pair, as detailed below.
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Its performance was unusually good considering the voltage involved. The oscillation transformer was "loaned" by the Signal Corps Radio Laboratory which had been established on the campus during World War I for training of military personnel. It was a real beauty consisting of heavy aluminum wire wound on separators made from genuine mahogany. A number of rotary spark gaps were tried from time to time and the one used on the date of the broadcast was a modified commercial unit bought by Saunders on New York City's Radio Row district in the summer of 1921 while he was attending an R.O.T.C. summer training camp at Red Bank, New Jersey.
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Acquired the Cutbank Complex on June 2, 2009 from Talisman Energy subsidiary Talisman Energy Canada for Cdn$300 million in cash (provided by a credit facility). On June 24, 2003, it paid $185 million for 50% of an ethylene storage facility in Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta from Pittsburgh-based Nova Chemicals Corp. The deal ensures that Pembina will not have to cover operating costs or capital expenditures for 20 years but gives main control of it to the other 50% owner, Dow Chemical Canada Inc. In 2001 the company made two big moves, the first in July when Pembina Corp sold a salt cavern in Hardisty, Alberta to Canadian Crude Separators Inc.
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The shop in Gawler Place diversified even further, selling Swedish "Domo" cream separators, Zonophone gramophone records, American Mason & Hamlin organs and Chickering and the cheaper (German) Fritz Kuhla pianos, and much else. American Waterbury watches, English Brinsmead and German Neumeyer pianos, and Wertheim sewing machines were popular and profitable lines. In 1895 a branch of the company was established at 307–309, Hay Street east, in Perth, Western Australia, and in 1898 opened showrooms closer to the centre of town at 459 Hay Street, with agencies in Kalgoorlie, Fremantle and Bunbury. A grandiose new showroom at 580–582 Hay Street was opened in 1906.
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What happens is that the chemical process (diffusion) responsible for transporting active chemicals around the battery progresses at a finite rate, so draining the battery quickly causes the voltage to reach the cutoff level prematurely before all the active material in the battery is used up. Given time, the active material will diffuse through the cell (for example, sulfuric acid in a lead-acid battery will diffuse through the porous lead plates and separators) and be available for further reaction. For example, consider a battery with a capacity of 200Ah at the C20 rate (C20 means the 20-hour rate - i.e. the rate that will fully discharge the battery in 20 hours - which in this case is 10 Amps).
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The founders Franz Ramesohl and Franz Schmidt The first milk centrifuge from Ramesohl & Schmidt oHG1893–1900 On 1. September 1893 the brothers-in-law Franz Ramesohl and Franz Schmidt opened up a workshop under the name of Ramesohl & Schmidt oHG in Oelde. With a staff comprising two lathe operators and three mechanics, they started the production of milk separators which cost between 200 and 320 Deutsche Mark. In the year following the company foundation, the number of employees rose to 20 and the production facilities were expanded by a further building. In 1897 annual production was 2000 centrifuges, with 60 employees. The company was transformed into an Aktiengesellschaft in 1899 based on a shareholders’ agreement.
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Poster for a Westfalia buttermaking machine1941–1950 Ramesohl & Schmidt AG was renamed Westfalia Separator AG on 29 September 1941. In the same year, Westfalia Separator built the first continuously operating buttermaking machine. In the war years production came to a virtual standstill and the turnover bottomed out at the end of the war generating a turnover of just 2.5 million RM. Reconstruction began in 1946 and, insofar as materials could be procured, a wide range of own constructions were designed and manufactured such as spin dryers, circular saws, lamps, sledges, candleholders, scooters, coat racks, toys and Braille typewriters. 1950–1960 In the following years, separators as well as milking and feeding installations were developed and manufactured.
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Here we assume that there is no extinction and all branching events are disregarded (if there were no branches at all, then the changes would correspond to a typical anagenesis. Classification of organisms along this sequence into species is shown by small ellipses. If the differences between certain species are judged to be large enough to justify classification into distinct genera, then generic separators must each coincide with a between- species boundary. If differences reach family-level differentiation, which is easy to imagine over the very long time we consider here, the consequence is that a family-level border must overlap with a between-genus and, in turn, a between-species border (gray arrow in the figure).
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For this purpose, the first hadron calorimeter was developed and optimised by Monte Carlo simulations. Another group at Karlsruhe developed the first superconducting high frequency cavities in Europe, a technology which was transferred to CERN for particle separators and later for particle acceleration at LEP. At CERN, he was a research associate in 1966–67, became division leader of the Nuclear Physics Division in 1970, member of the directorate responsible for the co-ordination of the experimental programme until 1973 and chairman of the ISR Committee from 1973 to 1976. In 1973 Schopper became professor at the University of Hamburg and the chairman of the directorate of DESY, serving until end of 1980.
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Kaddish or Qaddish or Qadish ( "holy") is a hymn of praises about God found in Jewish prayer services. The central theme of the Kaddish is the magnification and sanctification of God's name. In the liturgy, different versions of the Kaddish are used functionally as separators between sections of the service. The term "Kaddish" is often used to refer specifically to "The Mourner's Kaddish", said as part of the mourning rituals in Judaism in all prayer services, as well as at funerals (other than at the gravesite, see Qaddish aḥar Haqqəvurah "Qaddish after Burial") and memorials; for 11 Hebrew months after the death of a parent, and for 30 days after the death of a spouse, sibling, or child.
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Original products included the manufacture of stump-jump implements, strippers, windmills, pumps, horse-rakes, wheat separators, ploughs, harrows, scarifiers, and other agricultural and general implements. The firm later produced tramcars and railway rolling stock, assembled Ford Model Ts, and manufactured a range of stationary engines. It manufactured over 600 O class trams,Toastrack O-class tram used in Sydney, 1909 Powerhouse Museum which were not only used in Sydney, but also Brisbane, Melbourne, Ballarat and Bendigo. It manufactured many different types of rolling stock such as brake vans, coal wagons, Bradfield suburban carriages, 12 wheel carriages for the New South Wales Government Railways and sleeper carriages for the Trans-Australian Railway in 1915.
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Lloyd Groff Copeman invented a rubber ice tray, after noticing that slush and ice flaked off his rubber boots rather than adhering to them while walking through some woods collecting sap for maple syrup. Recalling this 1928 incident over lunch with his patent attorney, he conducted experiments using rubber cups, which led to practical designs and patents for different types of tray; these included a metal tray with rubber separators, a metal tray with individual rubber cups which was invented in 1933, and a tray made completely of rubber. Guy L. Tinkham, a household product executive, invented the first flexible, stainless steel, all-metal ice cube tray in 1933. The tray bent sideways to remove the ice cubes.
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At about this time there was plans for the 28-GeV CERN proton synchroton, Colin Ramm was very interested in the idea of an internationale collaboration to build a much faster accelerator. So he joined the PS Division in 1954 as the leader of the magnet group, which became responsible for the whole of the synchroton's magnet system. When the work on the magnet finished the magnet group became the Nuclear Physics Apparatus Division in 1961. At this time they turned towards making the PS usable as an experimental device, and in the course of time a number of projects took shape: the heavy-liquid bubble chamber, enhanced neutrino beam, electrostatic separators.
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BPS new rare-earth magnetic technology provides proactive management practices to reduce the contamination levels, mitigating the overall negative impact of black powder on pipeline operational integrity. The solution to this problem is to employ magnetic separation technology in strategic locations throughout the pipeline system, refineries, chemical plants, city gates, and loading facilities. Over the past 15 years, significant improvements in rare earth magnetic technology have created the ability to use magnetic fields as a filter or separator medium which is environmentally and user friendly, highly efficient, and cost effective. Through utilizing black powder separators in a modular format for full-flow gas and hydrocarbon fluid pipelines that remove ferrous and non-ferrous black powder contamination.
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In order to operate a Schanigarten, an establishment needs an authorization according to road traffic or trade regulations, which is valid from March 1 to November 15. The Schanigarten is a very attractive proposition for the owners of an establishment as they only pay a very limited yearly fee of several euros per square meter to the municipality. Operations like ice cream stores can thereby effectively multiply their seating area on public property at minimal cost. An extreme example is the ice cream store Zanoni in the Vienna city center that extends its Schanigarten over three quarters of the adjacent public square and has set up glass separators to prevent side walk users from crossing the privatized zone.
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Pumps come in diameters from 90mm (3.5 inches) to 254mm (10 inches) and vary between and in length. The motor used to drive the pump is typically a three phase, squirrel cage induction motor, with a nameplate power rating in the range 7.5 kW to 560 kW (at 60 Hz). ESP assemblies may also include: seals coupled to the shaft between the motor and pump; screens to reject sand; and fluid separators at the pump intake that separate gas, oil and water. ESPs have dramatically lower efficiencies with significant fractions of gas, greater than about 10% volume at the pump intake, so separating gas from oil prior to the pump can be important.
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Conductive level sensors are ideal for the point level detection of a wide range of conductive liquids such as water, and is especially well suited for highly corrosive liquids such as caustic soda, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, ferric chloride, and similar liquids. For those conductive liquids that are corrosive, the sensor’s electrodes need to be constructed from titanium, Hastelloy B or C, or 316 stainless steel and insulated with spacers, separators or holders of ceramic, polyethylene and Teflon-based materials. Depending on their design, multiple electrodes of differing lengths can be used with one holder. Since corrosive liquids become more aggressive as temperature and pressure increase, these extreme conditions need to be considered when specifying these sensors.
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The Ch'ŏllima Steel Complex in Kangch'ŏl-dong, Ch'ŏllima-guyŏk, Namp'o is one of North Korea's largest steel mills with an annual production capacity in the millions of tons. Originally opened during the Japanese colonial era as the Kangsŏn Steel Works, it was nationalised after the partition of Korea and has since been expanded several times. Currently, there are facilities for the production of steel and other alloys, steel rods, pipes and other metal products, and a facility for the production of large forgings and castings, along with a test and analysis centre. The production facility is equipped with electric furnaces, crushing and rolling mills, 6- and 10,000 tonne presses, oxygen separators and continuous mills.
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Besides sugar, a potential source of income for local farmers was dairy farming, which did not develop as a major industry in Queensland until the early 20th century. Initially, Queensland pastoralists or local farmers kept a few cows for domestic purposes, and small dairy operations supplied milk and butter to limited local markets. However, a combination of introduced grass species, technological advances, improved transportation networks and government encouragement through legislation encouraged the rise of commercial dairy farming in Queensland. The advent of mechanical cream separators in Australia in the 1880s, the Babcock butterfat test in the 1890s, government grading of butter and the start of refrigerated shipping from Brisbane in 1884 also helped to encourage dairying.
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For this reason, modified Base64 for URL variants exist (such as base64url in RFC 4648), where the '`+`' and '`/`' characters of standard Base64 are respectively replaced by '`-`' and '`_`', so that using URL encoders/decoders is no longer necessary and has no impact on the length of the encoded value, leaving the same encoded form intact for use in relational databases, web forms, and object identifiers in general. Some variants allow or require omitting the padding '`=`' signs to avoid them being confused with field separators, or require that any such padding be percent- encoded. Some libraries will encode '`=`' to '`.`', potentially exposing applications to relative path attacks when a folder name is encoded from user data.
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The oil and gas industry began to be interested in developing MPFMs in the early 1980s, as measurement technology improved, and wellhead separators were costly. Depleting oil reserves, (More water and gas in the produced oil) along with smaller, deeper wells with higher water contents, saw the advent of increasingly frequent occurrences of multiphase flow where the single-phase meters were unable to provide accurate answers. After a lengthy gestation period, MPFMs capable of performing the required measurements became commercially available. Much of the early research was done at the Christian Michelsen research center in Bergen, Norway, and this work spawned a number of spin off companies in Norway leading to the Roxar / Emerson, Schlumberger, Framo, and MPM meters.
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A mass analysis is done by representing the purity and flowrate for each stream from the hydrogen consumers (sinks), such as hydrotreaters, hydrocrackers, isomerization units and lubricant plants and the hydrogen producers (sources), such as hydrogen plants and naphtha reformers, streams from hydrogen purifiers, membrane reactors, pressure swing adsorption and continuous distillation and off-gas streams from low- or high-pressure separators. The source-demand diagram shows bottlenecks, surplus or shortages. The hydrogen pinch is the purity at which the hydrogen network has neither hydrogen surplus nor deficit. After the analysis REFOPT from the Centre for Process Integration at The University of Manchester is used as a tool for process integration with which the process is optimized.
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The same min-max theorem can be generalized to infinite graphs of finite treewidth, with a definition of treewidth in which the underlying tree is required to be rayless (that is, having no ends). Havens are also closely related to the existence of separators, small sets X of vertices in an n-vertex graph such that every X-flap has at most 2n/3 vertices. If a graph G does not have a k-vertex separator, then every set X of at most k vertices has a (unique) X-flap with more than 2n/3 vertices. In this case, G has a haven of order , in which β(X) is defined to be this unique large X-flap.
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Small shops in the old town. At the end of 2015, Sélestat had 2,142 businesses, most of them (1,441) in the tertiary sector. A large share were small businesses; only 9% had more than 10 employees. Sélestat is a retail and services centre for the whole Central Alsace, with a large shopping park and administrative and educational institutions.. Industry is nonetheless represented by some large firms, such as the Société alsacienne de meubles, which builds kitchens and bathrooms under a Schmidt and Cuisinella franchise, Amcor (aluminium packaging), Daramic (battery separators), Albany (gauzes for the printing industry), Wanzl (warehouse material), and DHJ (textiles).. Most of the large factories are in an industrial estate located south of the town centre.
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At the same time as the environmental damage was occurring in the Watarase River valley, the Ashio Copper Mine was in the process of expanding and modernizing. The expansion in the 1880s and 1890s had brought electrification, which had brought telephones, all matter of mechanized technology, several kinds of separators and smelters--including a massive Bessemer smelter, a railway, and steam engines to haul the copper. In addition to technological developments, the mine also shifted from Tokugawa era processing methods to a process of mass extraction. Emissions from the new smelters included sulfur dioxide, which caused lung damage in people and created acid rain that poisoned land and animals; and arsenic, which caused all manner of health problems when ingested.
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Because of the product's versatility, both Otomi artisans and others have developed a number of variations to satisfy the tastes a various handcraft consumers.López Binnqüist, pages 80, 2-7, 111 The paper is sold plain, dyed in a variety of colors and decorated with items such as dried leaves and flowers. Although the Nahua people of Guerrero remain the principal buyers of Otomi paper,López Binnqüist, page 135 other wholesale buyers have used it to create products such as lampshades, notebooks, furniture covers, wallpaper, fancy stationery and more.López Binnqüist, pages 2-7,10,111, 114 The Otomi themselves have innovated by creating paper products such as envelopes, book separators, invitation cards as well as cut out figures mostly based on traditional ritual designs.
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Some sparse graphs do not have separators of sublinear size: in an expander graph, deleting up to a constant fraction of the vertices still leaves only one connected component.; . Possibly the earliest known separator theorem is a result of that any tree can be partitioned into subtrees of at most n/2 vertices each by the removal of a single vertex.. In particular, the vertex that minimizes the maximum component size has this property, for if it did not then its neighbor in the unique large subtree would form an even better partition. By applying the same technique to a tree decomposition of an arbitrary graph, it is possible to show that any graph has a separator of size at most equal to its treewidth.
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In 1945, the British atomic bomb project built a 180° calutron, similar in design to an American Beta calutron, at the Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell, Oxfordshire. Owing to the success of the gaseous diffusion plant at Capenhurst, electromagnetic separation was not pursued by the United Kingdom, and the calutron was used to separate isotopes for research. The 180° design was not ideal for this purpose, so Harwell built a 90° calutron, HERMES, the "Heavy Elements and Radioactive Material Electromagnetic Separator". It was inspired by France's SIDONIE and PARIS separators at the Laboratoire René Bernas of the University of Paris IX in Orsay, and PARSIFAL at the military research laboratory of the Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives in Bruyères-le-Châtel.
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Retail outlets in shopping centres were not allowed to reopen and remained closed until 15 June. Bookshops also made alterations to how they did business, and often with contrasting approaches; Hodges Figgis in Dublin removed tables, while Charlie Byrne's Bookshop in Galway used its large tables as "natural separators". On 15 July, Taoiseach Micheál Martin announced that face coverings must be worn in all shops and shopping centres from 20 July. On 10 August, Martin made the wearing of face coverings mandatory in all shops, shopping centres, libraries, cinemas, museums, nail salons, hairdressers, dry cleaners, betting stores, tattooists and travel agents, with fines of up to €2,500 or a prison sentence of six months to people who do not comply.
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They also manufactured parts for all of the previous Avery machines, for which there was still considerable demand. The competition for track-type farm equipment increased in 1925 when the Holt Manufacturing Co. and the C. L. Best Co. of San Leandro, California merged to form the Caterpillar Tractor Co. When wheat dropped to 25 cents a bushel in 1931, farmers could not afford new farm implements and the new Avery Power Machinery company could not pay its debts. Banks with an interest in the company placed a manager in charge in late 1931, who gradually liquidated the company's assets. As the Depression waned, the company was restarted in 1936 as the Avery Farm Machinery Co. It primarily manufactured combines, separators, and replacement combine cylinder teeth.
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To the extent that DNAPL hydrocarbons settle at the bottom of a monitoring well, and the lower pulley of the belt skimmer reaches them, these contaminants can also be removed by a monitoring-well oil skimmer. Typically, belt skimmers remove very little water with the contaminant, so simple weir-type separators can be used to collect any remaining hydrocarbon liquid, which often makes the water suitable for its return to the aquifer. Because the small electric motor uses little electricity, it can be powered from solar panels or a wind turbine, making the system self-sufficient and eliminating the cost of running electricity to a remote location."The Alternative To Pump And Treat" Bob Thibodeau, Water Online Magazine, December 27, 2006.
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Figure 5 - Adjustable- throat venturi scrubber with plunger The atomized liquid provides an enormous number of tiny droplets for the dust particles to impact on. These liquid droplets incorporating the particles must be removed from the scrubber outlet stream, generally by cyclonic separators. Particle removal efficiency increases with increasing pressure drop because of increased turbulence due to high gas velocity in the throat. Venturis can be operated with pressure drops ranging from 12millibar to 250millibar. Most venturis normally operate with pressure drops in the range of 50 to 150 cm (20 to 60 in) of water. At these pressure drops, the gas velocity in the throat section is usually between 30 and 120 m/s (100 to 400 ft/s), or approximately 270 mph at the high end.
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Steam produced in the reactor core passes through steam separators and dryer plates above the core and then directly to the turbine, which is part of the reactor circuit. Because the water around the core of a reactor is always contaminated with traces of radionuclides, the turbine must be shielded during normal operation, and radiological protection must be provided during maintenance. The increased cost related to operation and maintenance of a BWR tends to balance the savings due to the simpler design and greater thermal efficiency of a BWR when compared with a PWR. Most of the radioactivity in the water is very short- lived (mostly N-16, with a 7-second half-life), so the turbine hall can be entered soon after the reactor is shut down.
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It was only in the late 1960s that the widespread adoption of the ASCII character set made both lowercase and the underscore character `_` universally available. Some languages, notably C, promptly adopted underscores as word separators, and identifiers such as `end_of_file` are still prevalent in C programs and libraries (as well as in later languages influenced by C, such as Perl and Python). However, some languages and programmers chose to avoid underscores—among other reasons to prevent confusing them with whitespace—and adopted camel case instead. Charles Simonyi, who worked at Xerox PARC in the 1970s and later oversaw the creation of Microsoft's Office suite of applications, invented and taught the use of Hungarian Notation, one version of which uses the lowercase letter(s) at the start of a (capitalized) variable name to denote its type.
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That is, the default implementation of Player/Missile graphics by CTIA/GTIA is a stripe down the screen. While seemingly limited this method facilitates Player/Missile graphics use as alternate colored vertical borders or separators on a display, and when priority values are set to put Player/Missile pixels behind playfield pixels they can be used to add additional colors to a display. All Players and Missiles set at maximum width and placed side by side can cover the entire normal width Playfield. CTIA/GTIA supports several options controlling Player/Missile color. The PRIOR/GPRIOR register value can switch the four Missiles between two color display options—each Missile (0 to 3) expresses the color of the associated Player object (0 to 3) or all Missiles show the color of register COLPF3/COLOR3.
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Seed separator of Banksia marginata, with winged seeds still cohering A seed separator is a structure found in the follicles of some Proteaceae. These follicles typically contain two seeds, with a seed separator between them. The seed separator is nothing but a little chip of wood, but in some cases it serves an important function: in serotinous species, the follicles open only in response to fire, but the seed separator remains in position, thus preventing the seeds from falling out immediately, onto burnt or burning ground. Some separators loosen and fall out once they have cooled, thus ensuring that the seeds are released only after the fire has passed; others loosen and fall only after they have been moistened, thus ensuring that the seeds are released at the first rain after fire.
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The American Dental Association (ADA) has asserted that dental amalgam is safe and has held that, "the removal of amalgam restorations from the non-allergic patient for the alleged purpose of removing toxic substances from the body, when such treatment is performed solely at the recommendation or suggestion of the dentist, is improper and unethical". Under the comments of the American Dental Association before the FDA's Dental Products Panel of the Medical Devices Advisory Committee, the ADA supports the 2009 FDA ruling on dental amalgam. ADA states that "dental amalgam has an established record of safety and effectiveness, which the scientific community has extensively reviewed and affirmed." The ADA also supports the 2017 EPA wastewater regulation and is providing information and assistance to its members in implementation of amalgam separators.
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In the absorbent glass mat design, or AGM for short, the separators between the plates are replaced by a glass fibre mat soaked in electrolyte. There is only enough electrolyte in the mat to keep it wet, and if the battery is punctured the electrolyte will not flow out of the mats. Principally the purpose of replacing liquid electrolyte in a flooded battery with a semi-saturated fiberglass mat is to substantially increase the gas transport through the separator; hydrogen or oxygen gas produced during overcharge or charge (if the charge current is excessive) is able to freely pass through the glass mat and reduce or oxidize the opposing plate respectively. In a flooded cell the bubbles of gas float to the top of the battery and are lost to the atmosphere.
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Vis-à-vis the state that eager and fighting for a national unification, the waters between the islands must be considered as the connectors rather than separators. Furthermore, wawasan nusantara is related to the ideological and constitutional basis, namely as a perspective and attitude of the Indonesian people regarding themselves and their geographical location, according to the national ideology Pancasila and the Constitution of 1945. In its implementation, wawasan nusantara prioritises regional unity while honouring its diversity to achieve social harmony, common prosperity, progress, and other national goals. Two Indonesian statesman are credited for the development this Indonesian geopolitics concept; they are Djuanda Kartawidjaja—credited for the 1957 Djuanda Declaration, and Mochtar Kusumaatmadja—former Indonesian foreign minister (1978-1988) that advocated for archipelagic insight to be accepted internationally.
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However, when the dairy industry declined in Queensland from the 1950s onwards, due to increased competition, a loss of butter markets and higher overheads, many farmers either switched to bulk milk production or left the industry. While some old dairies were upgraded by those farmers who remained in the industry, the rest were demolished, used for storage or left derelict. In the Pialba district in the 1890s cream separators were too expensive for individual farmers to buy, and as a result a creamery opened at Aalborg (named after the town in Denmark, now known as Nikenbah). Creameries separated the cream from milk, so the cream could then be sent to a butter factory, and the farmers could take the remaining skim milk home to feed to their calves or pigs.
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The two common types of inertial separators are cyclones, which spin the gas stream, causing collisions of the heavier particles with the outside of the cyclone wall, and impactors, where the gas particle stream is directed at a greased metal plate and turned at the last moment, causing the larger particles to stick to the greased plate. Modern particulate samplers use a volumetric flow control system that pulls air through the particle separator at the velocity required to achieve the desired cutpoint. For air pollution applications, the definition of "particulate" does not include uncombined water, and water from a particulate sample must be removed before it is weighed. This can be done either by heating the sample to evaporate the water or by placing the sample in a low humidity environment before weighing.
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Aerodynamically deployed leading edge slats when approaching stall speed enable a low stall speed and while the certification landing field is , PZL has demonstrated landing in . Inlet air ducts inertial separators and inverted configuration of the PT6 and the high wing configuration protect the engines and propellers against foreign object damage for unprepared runways operations. Multiple configurations are available: a 19-passenger airliner with 2-1 seating and an underbelly luggage pod; a cargo aircraft with a hand-cranked hoist option; the most common combi; a VIP transport; a medevac for six litters and seven seats; a search-and-rescue version; a 17-seat paratrooper drop version; an 18-passenger utility cabin and an aerial firefighting version is considered. Two people can switch between passenger and cargo configurations in 7 min.
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David Ward King, Inventor of the King Road Drag Contemporary Drawing of the King Road Drag Road Before King Road Drag King Road Drag in Operation Crowned Center after Use of King Road Drag Road Drag Patent The King road drag (also known as the Missouri road drag and the split log road drag) was a road grader implement for grading dirt roads that revolutionized the maintenance of the dirt roads in the early 1900s. It was invented by David Ward King, who went by "D. Ward King" and who was a farmer whose farm was in Holt Township, near Maitland, Missouri. It started out as two parallel logs with the cut side facing the front separated three feet by rigid separators and pulled by a team of two horses.
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That is, every graph has either a small separator or a haven of high order.. If a graph G has a haven of order k, with for some integer h, then G must also have a complete graph Kh as a minor. In other words, the Hadwiger number of an n-vertex graph with a haven of order k is at least k2/3n−1/3. As a consequence, the Kh-minor-free graphs have treewidth less than h3/2n1/2 and separators of size less than h3/2n1/2. More generally an O() bound on treewidth and separator size holds for any nontrivial family of graphs that can be characterized by forbidden minors, because for any such family there is a constant h such that the family does not include Kh.
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Anticipating the possibility of any number of layers of infinite guests, the hotel may wish to assign rooms such that no guest will need to move, no matter how many guests arrive afterward. One solution is to convert each arrival's address into a binary number in which ones are used as separators at the start of each layer, while a number within a given layer (such as a guest's coach number) is represented with that many zeroes. Thus, a guest with the prior address 2-5-1-3-1 (five infinite layers) would go to room 10010000010100010 (decimal 295458). As an added step in this process, one zero can be removed from each section of the number; in this example, the guest's new room is 101000011001 (decimal 2585).
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In any graph, a vertex separator is a set of vertices the removal of which leaves the remaining graph disconnected; a separator is minimal if it has no proper subset that is also a separator. According to a theorem of , chordal graphs are graphs in which each minimal separator is a clique; Dirac used this characterization to prove that chordal graphs are perfect. The family of chordal graphs may be defined inductively as the graphs whose vertices can be divided into three nonempty subsets A, S, and B, such that A ∪ S and S ∪ B both form chordal induced subgraphs, S is a clique, and there are no edges from A to B. That is, they are the graphs that have a recursive decomposition by clique separators into smaller subgraphs. For this reason, chordal graphs have also sometimes been called decomposable graphs.
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Alfa Laval has been present in the United States of America for more than 130 years—marketing and supplying a broad range of heat exchangers, separators, decanters, pumps, tank cleaning devices, valves and fittings to customers in a wide range of market segments. The company is known for such product ranges as Tri-Clover, Contherm, Sharples, Merco, Kathabar, ACE, Standard Refrigeration, Niagara Blower, Vortex, Ashbrook Simon-Hartley and Gamajet. There are around 700 employees in the US—with 15 locations including Richmond, VA; Warminster, PA; Kenosha, WI; Wood Dale, IL; Carter Lake, IA; Sarasota, FL; and Newburyport, MA; — as well as an International distribution center in Indianapolis, IN. There are 11 service and repair centers in locations such as Fresno, CA; Houston, TX; Chesapeake, VA; Tonawanda, NY and Carter Lake, IA. Heat exchangers, fluid handling and separation equipment are manufactured in the US.
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The efficiency of the early stages of grinding in a ball mill is much greater than that for formation of ultra-fine particles, so ball mills operate most efficiently by making a coarse product, the fine fractions of this then being separated, and the coarse part being returned to the mill inlet. The proportion of the mill-exit material returned to the inlet may vary from 10-30% when ordinary cement is being ground, to 85-95% for extremely fine cement products. It is important for system efficiency that the minimum amount of material of finished-product fineness is returned to the inlet. Modern separators are capable of making a very precise size "cut" and contribute significantly to the reduction of energy consumption, and have the additional advantage that they cool both the product and the returned material, thus minimizing overheating.
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The US Naval Air Systems Command intends to award Rolls Royce two contracts to examine the effectiveness of proposed reliability improvements, the first is a software tweak to the engine management software for the compressor guide vanes that internal testing showed could improve surge margin by 0.8% at sea level and 3% at altitude. The second is the discovery that a temperature sensor at the inlet of the compressor sends incorrect readings leading to 2.5% out of 4% steady power shortfall at the compressors correct rotational speed again correctable with a software fix. In addition, Bell Boeing is developing an inlet barrier system to reduce the power loss from the engine ingesting dust and sand particles to supplement the engines existing centrifugal based particle separators as they can only do so much to improve the quality of air they receive.
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Integrated Township: This region would be provided with an integrated township with residential, institutional, commercial and leisure/recreation infrastructure which could be dovetailed to requirements of specific investor groups/ countries. . Feeder Road Links: Based on the preliminary assessment development of the following linkages is envisaged for the industrial area: \- Augmentation of NH-58 to Fourlanes in the earliest timeframe \- Ensuring high-speed linkage between Industrial Area and NH-58. \- Provision of Expressway Connectivity between Meerut, Muzaffarnagar, Greater Noida and Delhi \- Augmentation of other state highways & development of missing links \- Development of requisite grade separators/flyovers/interchanges and underpasses along the National Highways/ State Highways and access roads for uninterrupted freight and passenger movement to the region would also be included in the development of feeder links. . Feeder Rail Links: \- Linkage to/from container terminal at Dadri.
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In 2015, researchers at ARL were tasked with finding a way to prevent flying, micron-sized sand and dust particles from entering the gas turbine engines of military aircraft and damaging the internal machinery. While modern engines have particle separators that can filter out large particles, fine, powder-like sand particles that are smaller than 100 micrometers in size have consistently managed to pass through the engine's combustors and attach to the blades and vanes. As the rotor blades experienced cycles of heating and cooling during operation, the particles melted due to the extreme temperatures and then subsequently hardened onto the turbine blades. As a result, the micron-sized sand particles have frequently destroyed the engine's internal coating, which has led to severe sand glazing, blade tip wear, calcia-magnesia-alumina-silicate (SMAS) attack, oxidation, plugged cooling holes, and, ultimately, engine loss.
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The first commercial dairy farm was started near Nanango in 1865, but this was a small operation that had to cart its cream overland to Gympie. By the 1890s events were occurring that would lead to the rapid growth of commercial dairy farming around Nanango, such as the advent of mechanical cream separators in Australia in the 1880s; the Babcock butterfat test; government grading of butter; and the advent of refrigerated shipping from Brisbane in 1884. In the late 1880s and early 1890s the Queensland Department of Agriculture and Stock used a Travelling Dairy to demonstrate techniques and equipment to potential dairy farmers. The 1893 Meat and Dairy Produce Act, which established subsidies for dairy farmers, and the 1894 Agricultural Lands Purchase Act also aided commercial dairying. Between 1894 and 1919 a large amount of land was repurchased by the Queensland Government from pastoralists, was and offered as agricultural selections.
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Optional semicolons or other terminators or separators are also sometimes handled at the parser level, notably in the case of trailing commas or semicolons. Semicolon insertion is a feature of BCPL and its distant descendant Go,Effective Go, "Semicolons" though it is absent in B or C."Semicolons in Go", golang-nuts, Rob 'Commander' Pike, 12/10/09 Semicolon insertion is present in JavaScript, though the rules are somewhat complex and much- criticized; to avoid bugs, some recommend always using semicolons, while others use initial semicolons, termed defensive semicolons, at the start of potentially ambiguous statements. Semicolon insertion (in languages with semicolon-terminated statements) and line continuation (in languages with newline-terminated statements) can be seen as complementary: semicolon insertion adds a token, even though newlines generally do not generate tokens, while line continuation prevents a token from being generated, even though newlines generally do generate tokens.
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This drawing can be constructed in linear time from a 1-planar embedding of the graph.. The 1-planar graphs have bounded book thickness,. but some 1-planar graphs including K2,2,2,2 have book thickness at least four.. 1-planar graphs have bounded local treewidth, meaning that there is a (linear) function f such that the 1-planar graphs of diameter d have treewidth at most f(d); the same property holds more generally for the graphs that can be embedded onto a surface of bounded genus with a bounded number of crossings per edge. They also have separators, small sets of vertices the removal of which decomposes the graph into connected components whose size is a constant fraction of the size of the whole graph. Based on these properties, numerous algorithms for planar graphs, such as Baker's technique for designing approximation algorithms, can be extended to 1-planar graphs.
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In the Mary Valley, maize and potatoes were the dominant early crops, although experimental plantings of tobacco, rice, sugar cane, peas and pineapples were also undertaken. From the late 1800s, a number of critical factors aided the expansion of the dairy industry into one of Queensland's principal primary industries by the interwar period. These included: the introduction of mechanical cream separators in the 1880s; Babcock testing to accurately measure cream content in milk; The Meat and Dairy Encouragement Act 1893 which made provision for government loans to construct butter and cheese factories; and the Department of Agriculture and Stock's use of a "Travelling Dairy" to demonstrate techniques and equipment to potential dairy farmers throughout Queensland. The introduction of pastures such as paspalum and Rhodes grass and the increased cultivation of fodder also occurred, to improve milk yields and to provide adequate feed during the less productive months of winter.
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On the other hand, the 1-planar graphs, which are not closed under minors, have also bounded book thickness,. but some 1-planar graphs including have book thickness at least four.. Every shallow minor of a graph of bounded book thickness is a sparse graph, whose ratio of edges to vertices is bounded by a constant that depends only on the depth of the minor and on the book thickness. That is, in the terminology of , the graphs of bounded book thickness have bounded expansion. However, even the graphs of bounded degree, a much stronger requirement than having bounded expansion, can have unbounded book thickness.. Because graphs of book thickness two are planar graphs, they obey the planar separator theorem: they have separators, subsets of vertices whose removal splits the graph into pieces with at most vertices each, with only O(\sqrt n) vertices in the separator.
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James Colley, Mayor, and D. L. Dymock in the vice-chairs. Speeches were made by Messrs. W. Grey, James Colley, D. L. Dymock, J. Weston and R. Miller.Cousins, A. (1994), The garden of New South Wales: a history of the Illawarra and Shoalhaven districts, 1770-1900, Wollongong: Illawarra Historical Society, p. 132 Though absent from the period of construction of the factory owing to his travels in Europe and the United States in search of innovations in dairy practices and machinery, Mr. D. L. Dymock- a prominent figure in the early dairy industry in Australia- made the following comment in a speech given at the ceremony: “Although I have not the honour of being of the Pioneer Factory Company, I nevertheless had the pleasure of being in London on the Aylesbury Dairy Company’s premises and saw the Pioneer separators being packed for shipment to Australia.
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There are cultural traits that have endured dare time, one of them is the tissue that is in the region are Nahuatl garments that still has pre-Hispanic techniques, such as loom and different types of embroidery. Some clothes that develop are: backpacks, quexquemitl, sashes, shawls and woolen blankets, embroidered blouses, skirts, belts and separators. Most village women wear girdles from small to hold the diaper, and when they grow their skirt or petticoat, is a tradition. The fabrics are from the town, they are very beautiful and also difficult to make, years of training are required, and are linked to the pre-Hispanic past, all symbols are embroidered on them, if you look carefully you will see as a basic figure appears the diamond ... and the union of several diamonds form the figure of the cross symbolizing the four directions, north, south, east and west.
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Such variants are similar to the ones reported for the Quran codices of Companions such as Ibn Masud and Ubay ibn Ka'b. However, variants occur much more frequently in the Sana'a codex, which contains "by a rough estimate perhaps twenty-five times as many [as Ibn Mas'ud's reported variants]". In 2015, the University of Birmingham disclosed that scientific tests may show a Quran manuscript in its collection as one of the oldest known and believe it was written close to the time of Muhammad. The findings in 2015 of the Birmingham Manuscripts lead Joseph E. B. Lumbard, Assistant Professor of Classical Islam, Brandeis University, to comment: Dr Saud al-Sarhan, Director of Center for Research and Islamic Studies in Riyadh, questions whether the parchment might have been reused as a palimpsest, and also noted that the writing had chapter separators and dotted verse endings – features in Arabic scripts which are believed not to have been introduced to the Quran until later.
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See Stephen J. Shoemaker,The Death of a Prophet: The End of Muhammad's Life and the Beginnings of Islam, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011. According to Sunni Muslim tradition it was Abu Bakr (r. 632-634), the first caliph, who compiled The Quran, and Uthman who canonized the standard version of Quran since accepted and used by all Muslims worldwide; then he commanded that all previous versions be burned. In the University announcement, Muhammad Isa Waley, Lead Curator for Persian and Turkish Manuscripts at the British Library, said: David Thomas, professor of Christianity and Islam at the University of Birmingham said: Saud al-Sarhan, Director of Center for Research and Islamic Studies in Riyadh, has been more sceptical, questioning whether the parchment might have been reused as a palimpsest, and also noting that the writing had chapter separators and dotted verse endings – features in Arabic scripts which are believed not to have been introduced to the Quran until later.
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The aim of LISE++ is to simulate the production of RIBs via some type of nuclear reactions (several are available in the program), between a beam of stable isotopes and a target. The program simulates the characteristics of the nuclear reactions based on well-established models, as well as the effects of the filtering device located downstream of the target used to create the RIBs. The LISE++ name is borrowed from the well known evolution of the C programming language, and is meant to indicate that the program is no longer limited to a fixed configuration like it was in the original “LISE” program,"The program LISE: a simulation of fragment separators", D. Bazin, O. B. Tarasov, M. Lewitowicz, O. Sorlin, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 482 (2002) 307-327."The code LISE: a new version for 'Windows'", D. Bazin, O. B. Tarasov, M. Lewitowicz, O. Sorlin, Nuclear Physics A 701 (2002) 661-665.
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The firm bought and sold stock and stations throughout Australia and were agents for a raft of insurances to suit rural property owners, including marine, livestock, fire and accident insurance, as well as being the agents for firms handling worker compensation claims. In addition the company was the agent for many specialist companies supplying oil engines, irrigation plants, gas plants, pumps and boilers, portable steam engines, traction engines, road rollers, centrifugal pumps, farm machinery and separators. The firm also merchandised a range of practical products for farmers and graziers, such as fencing wire, gates and steel droppers and was an agent for motor cars such as Daimler, Austin and Rover and Halley and Lacre commercial lorries. In the mid 1920s Dalgety & Co. were agents for two shipping lines - the Aberdeen and White Star - and at Townsville was the booking agent with these lines for domestic passages south to Brisbane and Sydney and overseas to England.
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Several models of this chamber were built and the problems encountered surpassed any of its predecessors. The construction only began three years later and in 1964 the chamber was finally commissioned. This chamber was devoted to the study of interaction mechanisms of high-energy particles and the investigation of the properties of their excited states. The bubble chamber was filled with 1150 litres of liquid hydrogen and was expanded by a piston placed at the top. The chamber had vertical windows, a magnet made up of copper coils which generated a field of 1.7 T and the whole apparatus weighted more than 700 tons. The expansion system of the 2 m bubble chamber allowed for multiple expansions during one PS pulse, which resulted in three event photos per beam pulse. A 10 GeV/c K- beam was required to produce the Ω− suggested by Murray Gell-Mann on his SU(3) theory. Hence, in 1965 a RF separated beam was added in order to obtain a separated K− and K+ at higher energies than with electrostatic separators.
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For a graph that is already maximal planar it is possible to show a stronger construction of a simple cycle separator, a cycle of small length such that the inside and the outside of the cycle (in the unique planar embedding of the graph) each have at most 2n/3 vertices. proves this (with a separator size of √8√n) by using the Lipton–Tarjan technique for a modified version of breadth first search in which the levels of the search form simple cycles. prove the existence of simple cycle separators more directly: they let C be a cycle of at most √8√n vertices, with at most 2n/3 vertices outside C, that forms as even a partition of inside and outside as possible, and they show that these assumptions force C to be a separator. For otherwise, the distances within C must equal the distances in the disk enclosed by C (a shorter path through the interior of the disk would form part of the boundary of a better cycle).
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Bottom right, the main generator room and the cooling condensers. By the end of 1965 the PS was the center of a spider's web of beam lines: It supplied protons to the South Hall (Meyrin site) where an internal target produced five secondary beams, serving a neutrino experiment and a muon storage ring; the North Hall (Meyrin site) where two bubble chambers (80 cm hydrogen Saclay, heavy liquid CERN) were fed by an internal target; when the East Hall (Meyrin site) became available in 1963, protons from the PS hit an internal target producing a secondary beam filtered by electrostatic separators to the CERN 2 m bubble chamber and additional experiments. Together with the construction of the Intersecting Storage Rings (ISR), an improvement program for the PS was decided in 1965, also making space for the Gargamelle and the Big European Bubble Chamber experiments. The injection energy of the PS was raised by constructing an 800 MeV four ring booster — the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) — which became operational in 1972.
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In December 2015 François Déroche of the Collège de France confirmed the identification of the two Birmingham leaves with those of the Paris Qur'an BnF Arabe 328(c), as had been proposed by Alba Fedeli. Deroche, however, expressed reservations about the reliability of the radiocarbon dates proposed for the Birmingham leaves, noting instances elsewhere in which radiocarbon dating had proved inaccurate in testing Qurans with an explicit endowment date, and also that none of the counterpart Paris leaves had yet been carbon-dated. Mustafa Shah, Senior Lecturer in Islamic Studies at the School of Oriental and African Studies, has suggested that the grammatical marks and verse separators in the Birmingham leaves are inconsistent with the proposed early radiocarbon dates. Jamal bin Huwareib, managing director of the Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Foundation, has proposed that, were the radiocarbon dates to be confirmed, the Birmingham/Paris Quran might be identified with the text known to have been assembled by the first Caliph Abu Bakr, between 632 and 634 CE.
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The semicolon, as a mark separating statements, corresponds to the ordinary English usage of separating independent clauses, and gives the entire program the gross syntax of a single ordinary sentence. Of these other characters, whereas commas have continued to be widely used in programming for lists (and rare other uses, such as the comma operator that separates expressions in C), they are rarely used otherwise, and the period as the end of the program has fallen out of use. The last major use of the comma, semicolon, and period hierarchy is in Erlang (1986), where commas separate expressions; semicolons separate clauses, both for control flow and for function clauses; and periods terminate statements, such as function definitions or module attributes, not the entire program. Drawbacks of having multiple different separators or terminators (compared to a single terminator and single grouping, as in semicolon-and-braces) include mental overhead in selecting punctuation, and overhead in rearranging code, as this requires not only moving lines around, but also updating the punctuation.
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Mod III configuration will move the motors to the wingtips to increase propulsive efficiency. Mod IV configuration will see the installation of the Xperimental, LLC high aspect ratio wing with 12 smaller propellers along its leading edge to augment its takeoff and landing aerodynamic lift. The donor Tecnam P2006T was received in California in July 2016. In a December 2016 test, a battery cell was shorted and the overheating spread to other cells, requiring the packaging to be redesigned from eight to 16 modules with aluminum honeycomb separators. The Rotax 912s will be replaced by electric motors for the Mod II. The Mod III weight target is from the P2006T and aims for 500% higher high-speed cruise efficiency as the higher wing loading will reduce cruise drag, while wingtip propellers will counter the wingtip vortices. The Mod IV with 12 propellers to take off and land at the same speeds as the P2006T is yet unfunded. In December 2017, the redesigned passively cooled battery module with 320 lithium-ion cell down from 640 passed testing.
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Industrial process imaging, or industrial process tomography or process tomography are methods used to form an image of a cross-section of vessel or pipe in a chemical engineering or mineral processing, or petroleum extraction or refining plant. McCann, H and Scott, D.M (eds) Process Imaging for Automatic Control, Taylor and Francis, 2005, MS Beck and R Williams, Process Tomography: Principles, Techniques and Applications, Butterworth-Heinemann (July 19, 1995), Process imaging is used for the development of process equipment such as filters, separators and conveyors, as well as monitoring of production plant including flow rate measurement. As well as conventional tomographic methods widely used in medicine such as X-ray computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and gamma ray tomography, and ultra-sound tomography, new and emerging methods such as electrical capacitance tomography and magnetic induction tomography and electrical resistivity tomography (similar to medical electrical impedance tomography) are also used. Although such techniques are not in widespread deployment in industrial plant there is an active research community, including a Virtual Center for industrial Process Tomography,Virtual centre for Industrial Process Tomography, www.vciptorg.
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Kingaroy Butter Factory, 1929 The Kingaroy Butter Factory, a large timber clad building located in William Street, Kingaroy was built by contractors Waugh and Josephson in 1926, replacing an earlier factory established in 1907, on behalf of the Maryborough Co-operative Dairy Company. From the late 1800s, a number of critical factors enabled the expansion of the dairy industry into one of Queensland's principal primary industries by the interwar period. These included: government resumption and repurchase of land from pastoralists for the purpose of agricultural selection; the introduction of mechanical cream separators in the 1880s; Babcock testing to accurately measure cream content in milk; The Meat and Dairy Encouragement Act 1893 which made provision for government loans to construct butter and cheese factories; and the Department of Agriculture and Stock's use of a "Travelling Dairy" to demonstrate techniques and equipment to potential dairy farmers throughout Queensland. This period also saw the introduction of sown pastures such as paspalum and Rhodes grass and the cultivation of fodder, to improve milk yields and to provide adequate feed during the less productive months of winter.
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The former South Burnett Co-operative Dairy Association Ltd Factory Murgon, incorporating a range of structures dating from 1908 onwards, was built for South Burnett Co-operative Dairy Association, and is an important site associated with the manufacture of dairy products in the region from 1913 to 1995. From the late 1800s, a number of critical factors enabled the expansion of the dairy industry into one of Queensland's principal primary industries by the interwar period. These included: government resumption and repurchase of land from pastoralists for the purpose of agricultural selection; the introduction of mechanical cream separators in the 1880s; Babcock testing to accurately measure cream content in milk; The Meat and Dairy Encouragement Act 1893 which made provision for government loans to construct butter and cheese factories; and the Queensland Department of Agriculture and Stock's use of a "Travelling Dairy" to demonstrate techniques and equipment to potential dairy farmers throughout Queensland. This period also saw the introduction of sown pastures such as paspalum and Rhodes grass and the cultivation of fodder, to improve milk yields and to provide adequate feed during the less productive months of winter.
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CTCs were observed for the first time in 1869 in the blood of a man with metastatic cancer by Thomas Ashworth, who postulated that "cells identical with those of the cancer itself being seen in the blood may tend to throw some light upon the mode of origin of multiple tumours existing in the same person". A thorough comparison of the morphology of the circulating cells to tumor cells from different lesions led Ashworth to conclude that "One thing is certain, that if they [CTC] came from an existing cancer structure, they must have passed through the greater part of the circulatory system to have arrived at the internal saphena vein of the sound leg". The importance of CTCs in modern cancer research began in the mid 1990s with the demonstration that CTCs exist early on in the course of the disease. Those results were made possible by exquisitely sensitive magnetic separation technology employing ferrofluids (colloidal magnetic nanoparticles) and high gradient magnetic separators invented by Paul Liberti and motivated by theoretical calculations by Liberti and Leon Terstappen that indicated very small tumors shedding cells at less than 1.0% per day should result in detectable cells in blood.
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Due to this process pig farming became a common adjunct to dairy farming. In 1901 a butter factory opened at Maryborough and Pialba farmers were able to buy their own cream separators from the factory, on credit against future payments for their cream. Both sugar and cream have been produced on Colonsay, a farm which was first established by Anders Jensen. Born in Aalborg, Denmark in 1848 Jensen had fought in the Second Schleswig War of 1864. He arrived in Queensland on 4 March 1871 on the ship Reichstag out of Hamburg, along with 328 other immigrants, mostly Danes and Germans. Of the 6400 Danes in Australia by 1891, about half lived in Queensland, and as skilled farmers they played an important role in the Australian dairy industry. Jensen married Magdalena (Madeline) Mortensen in Maryborough in 1872 and in January 1879 he applied to lease land in the parish of Urangan, County of March, under the Crown Lands Alienation Act (1876). Jensen resided on this selection, located about northeast of Aalborg, from March 1879 and Portion number 1212, of , was surveyed in May of that year.
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A variation of the planar separator theorem involves edge separators, small sets of edges forming a cut between two subsets A and B of the vertices of the graph. The two sets A and B must each have size at most a constant fraction of the number n of vertices of the graph (conventionally, both sets have size at most 2n/3), and each vertex of the graph belongs to exactly one of A and B. The separator consists of the edges that have one endpoint in A and one endpoint in B. Bounds on the size of an edge separator involve the degree of the vertices as well as the number of vertices in the graph: the planar graphs in which one vertex has degree n − 1, including the wheel graphs and star graphs, have no edge separator with a sublinear number of edges, because any edge separator would have to include all the edges connecting the high degree vertex to the vertices on the other side of the cut. However, every planar graph with maximum degree Δ has an edge separator of size O(√(Δn)). proved this result for 2-connected planar graphs, and extended it to all planar graphs.
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