389 Sentences With "represses" | Random Sentence Generator

For the most part, the immune system represses it, much like it represses herpes.

And while the older couple represses their quiet love out of duty and respect, the younger generation again represses more violent passions out of resentment and pride.

Order is attractive only until it stifles, and then represses.

And in an unexpectedly progressive Ireland, it is Frances who represses herself.

The fact that he immediately represses the most hideous injury of his life!

Charlie represses the information, but it slips out during the fight over Miranda's night with Adam.

What is the internal logic of a regime that sometimes tolerates criticism, and sometimes represses it ruthlessly?

Luke is the perfect example of a man who represses his emotions rather than dealing with them.

The government violently represses political organization, free speech, and basically any activity not sanctioned by the regime.

Human rights groups and exiles say China governs Tibet with an iron fist and represses its Buddhist people.

Rather than scream over this unexpected revelation — one that is even more shocking for the 603s — Abe represses everything.

To ensure constant blood supply to the speech centers, the ego represses function in other parts of the brain.

This Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test edition is the second in a series of imaginative represses spearheaded by Schiller.

By banning the broadcasting of information, the government doesn't just stifle debate and news; it also represses the nation's emotions.

Consequently, it is fodder for all that thwarts, represses, starves, withers, deadens, limits, and narrows the complex souls of Parisians.

Cuba is not Venice or Kassel, Cuba is a country that represses freedom of expression (especially when there is no biennial).

An investment in Aramco would also be an investment in a kingdom that systematically represses women, and hence, in human and social capital.

"If the government represses us as they have been, if they throw us all in jail, it won't solve the problem," he added.

Why is it that trade and investment have led to a Chinese regime that represses dissent more than it did five, 10 or 20 years ago?

Bukele "would not be willing to support a totalitarian government that represses its people and disrespects human rights," he said, referring to the administration of President Nicolas Maduro.

That's the force of the South Africa analogy many commentators have used: a Jewish state that represses an Arab majority would feel an awful lot like a form of apartheid.

Furiously, I googled until I found one person on a chat board from 2011 who said that the acne medication definitely represses antidepressants and to get off it right away.

The government discourages, and sometimes harshly represses, any mass activities outside state control, including at the government-run All-China Federation of Trade Unions and the All-China Women's Federation.

"It's absurd that the Turkish government, which occupies Northern Cyprus, brutally represses the Kurdish minority and jails journalists, lectures Israel, the only true democracy in the region," spokesman Emmanuel Nahshon said.

Critics of the visa program claim it is a tool employers can use to exploit vulnerable foreign workers and represses wages for American workers by providing a cheap labor source for companies.

Her seductive intensity, which wavers uneasily between giggle-inducing and chilling, shudders with the chaos that the story represses, a force pushing back at the show's unwillingness to let anyone be pathological.

The Golden Triangle is a smuggling center, and a sanctuary for members of various ethnic militias that have spent decades pushing for autonomy from a government in Myanmar that routinely represses them.

" Interviewed in a villa in Addis Ababa surrounded by bodyguards provided by the government, Jawar justified Oromo nationalism: "When the state particularly represses an ethnic identity, you are forced to defend it.

Her body is lovely to touch but her laugh and her voice irritate me and her talk does not stimulate but rather represses, although I do not think her stupid but rather lazy.

REST, which turns genes off, was mainly known for its role in the development of the fetal brain: It represses neuronal genes until the young brain is ready for them to be expressed.

Paulina has enormous needs, too, though she's proud of the discipline with which she represses them; when the girls around her can't do the same, it turns her stomach, and turns her against them.

In 1990's The Epistemology of the Close, Eve Sedgwick argues that the refusal to admit that figures in the past were gay is part of the way the dominant culture represses and denies homosexuality.

Only the U.S. Congress can completely remove the Cuba embargo, and the Republican majority leadership wants it in place as long as Cuba's one-party state represses domestic political opponents and holds a media monopoly.

As China suppresses authentic religious expression, the number of religious adherents multiplies; as China censors the Internet, circumvention tools proliferate; as China brutally represses rights lawyers, their loved ones take up the mantle of their cause.

Indian law-enforcement officials are guilty of extrajudicial killings, torture, rape and enforced disappearances in J&K while Pakistan represses democratic freedoms, silences the press and practices routine torture in Azad Kashmir, Human Rights Watch (HRW) said.

Not only is it the only book in the series of represses to contain his photos, but Schiller also says that reading it changed his life, with Wolfe's unique approach opening a world of possibilities in his young, hungry mind.

In addition to the ballistic missile tests, the government provides lethal aid to Houthi rebels in Yemen, harasses shipping in the Persian Gulf, sustains the regime of Bashar al-Assad in Syria, backs Hezbollah and Hamas, supports violent Shiite militias in Iraq and represses its own people.

For example, we now know that rather than developing under the direction of a single gene, the fetal embryonic testes or ovaries develop under the direction of opposing gene networks, one of which represses male development while stimulating female differentiation and the other of which does the opposite.

In the decades since the end of the Korean War, South Korea has modernized rapidly and transformed into one of Asia's economic powerhouses, while North Korea's economy stagnated under one of the world's harshest dictatorships, which drove the country into a devastating famine in the 2700s and brutally represses all political dissent.

"When winter/spring comes around manufacturing times at pressing plants for labels like ours start to get significantly delayed as we get pushed to the back of queue behind represses of catalogue records," Dany of Cork-based indie label Art for Blind told me back in 2014 during an investigation into Record Store Day's effect on small labels.

Then there's Ms. Krakowski, a Tony winner for "Nine," who represses her glamorous diva side — so deliciously in evidence on the small screen in "30 Rock" and "Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt" — to portray, with piquant charm, the love-singed Ilona Ritter, who's been having an affair with the caddish Steven Kodaly, played by a vulpine Gavin Creel.

While people around this warming earth protest inaction—locking legs and locking arms, blocking roads and blocking bridges, wielding signs that say there is no planet b and i'm sure the dinosaurs thought they had time too—the United States, which is the second largest emitter of carbon dioxide, actively represses climate science throughout federal agencies and slashes environmental regulations to the glee of the network that bolsters these contrarian celebrities.

In the case of high nitrogen, there is excess of NRI which represses the transcription of the promoters glnAp1, glnAp2 and glnLp, which in turn represses the synthesis of glutamine synthetase.

When Ni is present Nur directly represses sodF transcription, and indirectly induces sodN.

IGF-1 pathway, which represses FOXO, thus preventing gene expression of longevity-inducing proteins.

The musical represses new life breathed into the rural community, and is altogether humorous and sensitive.

When a silencer represses REST, NRSF is also inhibited, allowing for the transcription of neuronal genes.

ArcZ is negatively regulated by the ArcB/ArcA two component regulators. ArcA represses arcZ anaerobically but not aerobically.

Such a move represses consideration of the cultural repercussions of the structural ineluctability of white hegemony in Western societies.

Bicoid protein represses the translation of caudal mRNA and enhances the transcription of anterior gap genes including hunchback, orthodenticle, and buttonhead.

Thus, PRC2 represses by two mechanisms: by directly altering the structure of the chromatin through methylation or by binding of transcripts.

The Ler protein also represses its own transcript on the LEE1 operon through DNA looping which prevents RNA polymerase from completing transcription.

Several Dpp target genes which have been identified are spalt-related, vestigial, Serum Response Factor, and achaete-scute. Ubx also represses Wingless in the posterior compartment of the dorsoventral axis. The products of these genes are used in the regulation of morphological features between the wing and the haltere. Ubx also selectively represses one enhancer of the vestigial genes in the proximodistal axis.

In Ubx loss- of-function mutants, Ubx no longer represses wing genes, and the halteres develop as a second pair of wings, resulting in the famous four-winged flies. When Ubx is misexpressed in the second thoracic segment, such as occurs in flies with the "Cbx" enhancer mutation, it represses wing genes, and the wings develop as halteres, resulting in a four-haltered fly.

There are other factors thought to control the DV patterning; Engrailed-1 represses the dorsalizing effect of Wnt-7a on the ventral side of the limbs.

This gene encodes a transcriptional repressor which represses neuronal genes in non-neuronal tissues. It is a member of the Kruppel-type zinc finger transcription factor family. It represses transcription by binding a DNA sequence element called the neuron-restrictive silencer element (NRSE, also known as RE1). The protein is also found in undifferentiated neuronal progenitor cells, and it is thought that this repressor may act as a master negative regulator of neurogenesis.

Comparing normal human breast cells to human breast cancer cells with immunohistochemical staining showed that SIM2s was expressed more in the normal than the cancerous. Reintroducing SIM2s expression in breast cancer cells showed a decrease in growth, proliferation, and invasiveness. SIM2s represses the actions of the matrix metalloprotease-3 gene (MMP3) which include cell migration, cancer progression, and epithelial to mesenchymal transitions (EMT). SIM2s also represses the SLUG transcription factor which in turn suppresses EMT.

Genetic and Engineering News Mar 1 2008 (Vol. 28, No. 5)The let-7 MicroRNA Represses Cell Proliferation Pathways in Human Cells Cancer Research 67, 7713-7722, August 15, 2007. .

H4K20me3 is very different. H4K20me3 represses transcription when present at promoters. H4K20me3 also silences repetitive DNA and transposons. The loss of H4K20me3 defines cancer along with a reduction of H4K16ac.

EGR1 represses NDGR1 to increase cell proliferation, resulting in metastasis or tumor development. Together, the up-regulation of Tbx2 on these signaling pathways can lead to development of malignant tumors.

Treatment with the drug cyclosporine, which represses the mitochondrial permeability transition effector Cyclophilin D, improves tissue survival primarily by inhibiting necrotic cell death, rather than its additional function as an immunosuppressant.

MN1 is a transcription coregulator that enhances or represses RAR/RXR-mediated gene transcription through interaction with RAC3 and p300. MN1 also acts as a coactivator of the vitamin D receptor.

Brinker is a transcription factor that represses the activation targets of Dpp, so in order to turn on these genes Dpp must repress brinker as well as activate the other targets.

BTG2 binds to the promoter of Id3 and represses its activity. By this mechanism, the upregulation of Id3 in the hippocampus caused by BTG2 ablation prevents terminal differentiation of hippocampal neurons.

It has been shown that 7SK RNA, a metazoan ncRNA, acts as a negative regulator of the RNA polymerase II elongation factor P-TEFb, and that this activity is influenced by stress response pathways. The bacterial ncRNA, 6S RNA, specifically associates with RNA polymerase holoenzyme containing the sigma70 specificity factor. This interaction represses expression from a sigma70-dependent promoter during stationary phase. Another bacterial ncRNA, OxyS RNA represses translation by binding to Shine-Dalgarno sequences thereby occluding ribosome binding.

DBT does play a role in recruiting other kinases into PER repression complexes. These kinases phosphorylate the transcription factor CLK, which releases the CLK-CYC complex from the E-Box and represses transcription.

Bile acid activation of FXR represses the expression of CYP7A1 via, raising the expression of small heterodimer (SHP), a non-DNA binding protein. 317x317px The increased abundance of SHP causes it to associate with liver receptor homolog (LRH)-1, an obligate factor required for the transcription of CYP7A1. Furthermore, there is an "FXR/SHP-independent" mechanism that also represses CYP7A1 expression. This "FXR/SHP-independent" pathway involves the interaction of bile acids with liver macrophages, which finally induces the expression and secretion of cytokines.

Phospho-RpaA activates the expression of dusking-peaking (Class 1) genes and represses the expression of dawn-peaking (Class 2) genes. Conversely, unphosphorylated RpaA represses the expression of Class 1 genes. As a result, rhythmic phosphorylation of the transcription factor, driven by the Kai oscillator and associated SasA activity, produces rhythmic patterns in gene expression. KaiB serves as a major regulator of the SasA-RpaA pathway, and exhibits structural adaptations that both contribute to circadian rhythm generation and facilitate interaction with SasA and KaiC.

Metal-bound dtxR represses transcription by binding the tox operator; if iron is limiting, conformational changes of the wHTH disrupt DNA-binding and the diphtheria toxin is produced. Mycobacterium tuberculosis ideR, an iron-dependent regulator that is essential for this pathogen. The regulator represses genes for iron acquisition and activates iron storage genes, and is a positive regulator of oxidative stress responses. Bacillus subtilis mntR, a manganese transport regulator, binds Mn2+ as an effector and is a transcriptional repressor of transporters for the import of manganese.

Krueppel-like factor 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLF8 gene. KLF8 belongs to the family of KLF protein. KLF8 is activated by KLF1 along with KLF3 while KLF3 represses KLF8.

Targets include histone deacetylase (HDAC) which represses transcription and if inhibited can lead to increased cell activation. The HDAC inhibitors valproic acid and vorinostat have been used in human trials with only preliminary results so far.

For example, the encoded protein represses the transcription of differentiation-specific genes during keratinocyte proliferation, but this repression is then overcome by differentiation signals. This gene is highly similar to the antennapedia (Antp) gene of Drosophila.

Overexpression of MtlS represses MtlA synthesis; it is proposed that this repression occurs as MtlS base pairs with the mtlA mRNA and occludes the ribosome binding site, thus inhibiting synthesis of the mannitol-specific phosphotransferase system.

MafB is a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor that plays an important role in the regulation of lineage-specific hematopoiesis. The encoded nuclear protein represses ETS1-mediated transcription of erythroid-specific genes in myeloid cells.

This is not always the effect of the Pho regulon as for other species in different environments it is more advantageous to not be in biofilm when Pi is low. In these cases PhoB represses biofilm formation.

GAI or Gibberellic-Acid Insensitive is a gene in Arabidopsis thaliana which is involved in regulation of plant growth. GAI represses the pathway of gibberellin-sensitive plant growth. It does this by way of its conserved DELLA motif.

MTCH2 assists in the recruitment of BID into the mitochondria during apoptosis. Variants of the MTCH2 gene may be associated with obesity. MTCH2 represses mitochondrial metabolism such that a deficiency of MTCH2 increases energy consumption and production by mitochondria.

The Cuban dissident movement is a political movement in Cuba whose aim is to replace the current regime with a democratic form of government. According to Human Rights Watch, the Cuban government represses nearly all forms of political dissent.

T cells producing receptors recognizing MBP fragments presented by the MHC molecules of antigen presenting cells seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of MS. Repeated application of dirucotide (intravenous, every six months) represses immunological response against MBP.

Both the ilvGMEDA and ilvBNC operons are derepressed during shortages of the branched-chain amino acids by the same mechanism that represses them. Both of these operons as well as the third, ilvIH, are regulated by leucine-responsive protein (Lrp).

Poly(A)-binding protein interacting protein 2B, Paip2b, which represses mRNA translation, is mainly expressed in the oocytes and fertilized eggs in mice.UCSC genome browser Paip2b is a PAIP2 family protein, with 3 amino acids longer than its homologous Paip2a.

The sense (passenger) strand is degraded. The antisense (guide) strand directs RISC to mRNA that has a complementary sequence. In the case of perfect complementarity, RISC cleaves the mRNA. In the case of imperfect complementarity, RISC represses translation of the mRNA.

Binding of antagonist ligands to nuclear receptors in contrast induces a conformation of the receptor that preferentially binds corepressor proteins. These proteins, in turn, recruit histone deacetylases (HDACs), which strengthens the association of histones to DNA, and therefore represses gene transcription.

SRG1 RNA (SER3 regulatory gene 1) is a non-coding RNA which represses the expression of SER3 (YER081W). SER3 is a gene which codes for a phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase involved in the biosynthesis of serine. SRG1 represses SER3 expression via transcription interference, and in that respect is the first intergenic transcript of its kind. SRG1 was identified when chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, even when SER3 was being repressed, TATA-binding protein and RNA Polymerase II were still bound to the SER3 DNA in such a way that should have caused active transcription.

The activity of malate-aspartate shuttle is modulated by arginine methylation of malate dehydrogenase 1 (MDH1). Protein arginine N-methyltransferase CARM1 methylates and inhibits MDH1 by disrupting its dimerization, which represses malate- aspartate shuttle and inhibits mitochondria respiration of pancreatic cancer cells.

Torso-like cleaves the pro-peptide Trunk which appears to be the Torso ligand. Trunk activates Torso and causes a signal transduction cascade which represses the transcriptional repressor Groucho which in turn causes the activation of the terminal gap genes tailless and huckebein.

WNT4 is a secreted protein that in humans is encoded by the Wnt4 gene, found on chromosome 1. It promotes female sex development and represses male sex development. Loss of function can have serious consequences, such as female to male sex reversal.

One microRNA, miR-210, represses RAD52. As noted by Devlin et al., miR-210 is up-regulated in most solid tumors and negatively affects the clinical outcome. The 3'-UTR of RAD52 also has a binding site for the microRNA let-7.

RORα, which activates transcription of Bmal1, and REV-ERBα, which represses transcription of Bmal1, compete to bind to the RRE. This feedback loop regulating the expression of Bmal1 is thought to stabilize the core clock mechanism, helping to buffer it against changes in the environment.

In liver FGF21 expression is regulated by PPARα and levels rise substantially with both fasting and consumption of ketogenic diets. Liver X receptor (LXR) represses FGF21 in humans via an LXR response element located from -37 to -22 bp on the human FGF21 promoter.

Formation of gas vesicles are regulated by two Gvp proteins: GvpD, which represses the expression of GvpA and GvpC proteins, and GvpE, which induces expression. Extracellular environmental factors also affect vesicle formation, either by regulating Gvp protein production or by directly disturbing the vesicle structure.

One of the most common forms of biological oscillation is genetic oscillation, which can take place when a transcription factor binds and represses its own promoter. This type of regulatory system is able to successfully describe the NFkB-IkB and p53-Mdm52 biological oscillating systems.

On June 20, 1981 and famous event of that day (30 Khordad Event) he was in Tehran streets and surprisingly survived the persecution. After the violent represses of Islamic Republic he lost his connection with CMU and stopped his political activities for a while.

Represses the translation of the transcriptional regulator MgrA by binding to its mRNA, enhances biofilm formation and decreases bacterial virulence. Other mRNAs: including SsaA-like enzymes involved in peptidoglycan metabolism and the secreted anti-inflammatory FLIPr protein were validated as direct targets of RsaA.

EZH2 targets RAD51C, reducing RAD51C mRNA and protein expression (and also represses other RAD51 paralogs RAD51B, RAD51D, XRCC2 and XRCC3). Increased expression of EZH2, leading to repression of RAD51 paralogs and consequent reduced homologous recombinational repair, was proposed as a cause of breast cancer.

It replaces conventional H2A histones in a subset of nucleosomes where it represses transcription and participates in stable X chromosome inactivation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Expression of these isoforms is associated to several cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma.

On bacterial internalization it controls the expression of invasion associated effectors (SPI-1) through the direct base-pairing with the mRNA. Later in infection it represses the virulence genes (SPI-2) allowing the switch from an invasive state to the state of intracellular replication.

In some bacteria sRNAs regulate virulence genes. In Salmonella, the pathogenicity island encoded InvR RNA represses synthesis of the major outer membrane protein OmpD; another co-activated DapZ sRNA from 3'-UTR represses abundant membrane Opp/Dpp transporters of oligopeptides; and SgrS sRNA regulates the expression of the secreted effector protein SopD. In Staphylococcus aureus, RNAIII regulates a number of genes involved in toxin and enzyme production and cell-surface proteins. The FasX sRNA is the only well-characterized regulatory RNA known to control the regulation of several virulence factors in Streptococcus pyogenes, including both cell-surface associated adhesion proteins as well as secreted factors.

During early in development in Xenopus, the transcription factor FoxI1e/Xema activates epidermal differentiation and represses endoderm and mesoderm specific genes in animal caps (Suri et al., 2005). It is suggested that FoxI1e is active before the ectoderm differentiates into epidermis and the central nervous system.

It represses p19Arf and p16Ink4a. Bmi-1-/- neural stem cells and HSCs have high expression level of p19Arf and p16Ink4a which diminished the proliferation rate. Bmi-1 is also indicated as a key factor in controlling Th2 cell differentiation and development by stabilizing GATA transcription factors.

There are two putative choline/ethanolamine kinases (C/EKs) in the Trypanosoma brucei genome. Ethanolamine kinase has no choline kinase activity and its activity is inhibited by ADP. Inositol supplementation represses ethanolamine kinase, decreasing the incorporation of ethanolamine into the CDP-ethanolamine pathway and into phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine.

MTA2 deacetylates the estrogen receptor alpha and p53 and inhibits their transactivation functions. MTA2 represses the expression of E-cadherin in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. but stimulates the expression of IL-11 in gastric cancer cells. The MTA2-containing chromatin remodeling complex targets CLOCK-BMAL1 complex.

Expression of HULC is upregulated by CREB, there is a CREB-binding site in the promoter of HULC. miR-372 represses translation of the kinase PRKACB, so downregulation of miR-372 leads to increased levels of PRKACB. PRKACB activates CREB by phosphorylation, therefore leading to increased expression of HULC.

Zhu is known for his research on plant stress signaling pathways, epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation, and precise gene editing technologies in plants. In the early 2000s, Zhu’s lab discovered the Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) signaling pathway that plays a central role in ion homeostasis and salt tolerance in plants. Zhu’s lab discovered several important components of abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signaling pathways, and achieved for the first time the in vitro reconstitution of the core ABA signaling pathway. They also discovered that the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) growth promotion pathway represses ABA signaling and stress responses in unstressed conditions, whereas ABA signaling represses the TOR pathway and growth during times of stress.

COUP-TFII plays a critical role in controlling the development of a number of tissues and organs including heart, blood vessels, muscles and limbs. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) stimulates COUP-TFII-induced transactivation while COUP-TFII represses the GR transcriptional activity. COUP-TFII interacts with GATA2 to inhibit adipocyte differentiation.

It appears that it has arisen as a KLF family member that has a particular role in these two blood lineages. Other KLFs are more broadly expressed and there are interactions between family members. KLF3 for instance is driven by KLF1 as is KLF8. On the other hand, KLF3 represses KLF8.

Hitler's Regime) or deceptive military actions (e.g. the 1968 US bombing of Cambodia) are typically considered as violations of this criterion. The importance of this condition is key. Plainly, we cannot have a genuine process of judging a just war within a system that represses the process of genuine justice.

Some people were condemned to prison for rejoicing at the 1894 assassination of French president Sadi Carnot by the Italian anarchist Sante Geronimo Caserio. The term has since entered popular language to designate any harsh or unjust laws, in particular anti-terrorism legislation which often broadly represses whole social movements.

The proliferation of KLF genes, presumably from an ancestral KLF, is also interesting. In some cases different family members are expressed in different tissues. The first KLF, KLF1, originally known as Erythroid KLF (EKLF) is expressed only in red blood cells and megakaryocytes. It drives red blood cell differentiation and represses megakaryocyte formation.

If the plasmid is not inherited, long-lived FlmA mRNA and protein will be highly toxic to the cell, possibly to the point of causing cell death. Daughter cells which inherit the plasmid inherit the FlmB gene, coding for FlmB RNA which binds the leader sequence of FlmA mRNA and represses its translation.

The MTA3-NuRD complex represses Snail, a master regulator of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), Wnt4 expression in mammary epithelial cells, and BCL6-corepressor target genes The MTA3-NuRD complex interacts with GATA3 to regulate the expression of GATA3 downstream targets. In addition, MTA3 upregulates HIF1 and its transactivation activity in hypoxic conditions.

Some research suggests that an individual is more susceptible to having feelings of depression and anxiety if he or she experiences rage on a frequent basis. Health complications become much worse if an individual represses feelings of rage.Begley, 1994. John E. Sarno believes that repressed rage in the subconscious leads to physical ailments.

Along with the WUS gene the SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (STM) gene also represses the differentiation of the meristematic dome. This gene acts by inhibiting the possible differentiation of the stem cells but still allows cell division in the daughter cells, which, had they been allowed to differentiate, would have given rise to distinct organs.

During infection of human epithelial cells with the pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, BAHD1 represses interferon-stimulated genes. At specific stages of infection, a Listeria nucleomodulin, LntA, acts as an inhibitor of BAHD1 and activates interferon-stimulated genes. The BAHD1 gene is downregulated in the colon tissue in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis.

However, the vehicle animal can also symbolizes the evil forces over which the deity dominates. Mounted on Parvani, Kartikeya reins in the peacock's vanity. Seated on the "Mushika", Ganesh crushes useless thoughts, which multiply like rats in the dark. Shani, protector of property, has a vulture, raven or crow in which he represses thieving tendencies.

The epigenetic marks contribute to the expression of some genes, and silencing of others during pluripotency and differentiation. H3K27me3 marks repress developmental control genes and stop the cell from differentiating, to ensure that the cell maintains pluripotency. Although this mark represses the lineage control genes, it does keep them ready for activation upon differentiation.

They are what safeguard democracy. If, in the > name of fighting terrorism, we sacrifice these values for the sake of > security, we lose our character, our identity, the very essence of a free > and democratic society. We lose the war on terrorism if we become that kind > of state that represses democratic rights and freedoms.

The tumor suppressor WT1 represses and activates transcription. The protein encoded by this gene is a WT1-interacting protein that itself functions as a transcriptional repressor. It contains a putative leucine zipper domain which interacts with the zinc finger DNA binding domain of WT1. This protein is specifically upregulated during apoptosis of prostate cells.

WISP-1 promotes mesenchymal cell proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation, and represses chondrocytic differentiation. WISP-1 binds BMP2 and enhances BMP2 function in osteogenesis. These activities may be modulated by its direct binding to decorin and biglycan, two members of a family of small leucine-rich proteoglycans present in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue.

Shh regulates Gli processing through two proteins, Ptch1 and Smo. When Shh is not active, Ptch1 is responsible for suppressing the pathway through the inhibition of Smo. Smo is crucial to the overall transduction of signal of the Shh pathway. If Smo is inhibited, the Shh pathway is also inactive, which ultimately represses gliogenesis.

Repinotan Dose Relationship to Nociception Repinotan has presently been found to be effective at stopping respiratory depression caused by morphine. In addition, it represses nociception at high doses, but enhances nociception at small doses (0.2 micrograms/kg). Repinotan may be applicable to Parkinson's, as it is able to reduce glutamate-induced excitotoxicity and thereby some cell death.

Noncoding RNA of Glutamine Synthetase I was shown to modulate antibiotic production. The small RNA scr5239 (Streptomyces coelicolor sRNA upstream of SCO5239) has two targets. It inhibits agarase DagA expression by direct base pairing to the dagA coding region, and it represses translation of methionine synthase metE (SCO0985) at the 5' end of its open reading frame.

The key target of Mdm2 is the p53 tumor suppressor. Mdm2 has been identified as a p53 interacting protein that represses p53 transcriptional activity. Mdm2 achieves this repression by binding to and blocking the N-terminal trans-activation domain of p53. Mdm2 is a p53 responsive gene—that is, its transcription can be activated by p53.

The only important role of β-catenin is to activate the transcription of the gene Pmar1. This gene represses a repressor to allow micromere genes to be expressed. The aboral/oral axis (analogous to the dorsal/ventral axes in other animals) is specified by a nodal homolog. This nodal was localized on the future oral side of the embryo.

Gli3 is a known transcriptional repressor but may also have a positive transcriptional function. Gli3 represses dHand and Gremlin, which are involved in developing digits. There is evidence that Shh-controlled processing (e.g., cleavage) regulates transcriptional activity of Gli3 similarly to that of Ci. Gli3 mutant mice have many abnormalities including CNS and lung defects and limb polydactyly.

Histones play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. Histone acetylation / deacetylation alters chromosome structure and affects transcription factor access to DNA. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to class I of the histone deacetylase/acuc/apha family. It has histone deacetylase activity and represses transcription when tethered to a promoter.

The protein encoded by this gene is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein. It binds directly, with several other proteins, to retinoblastoma protein (pRB) which regulates cell proliferation. pRB represses transcription by recruiting the encoded protein. This protein, in turn, serves as a bridging molecule to recruit HDACs and, in addition, provides a second HDAC-independent repression function.

Although Richard runs for help, it is too late by the time a rescue boat arrives. Nicky has drowned. Nearly forty years later, Richard is disturbed by what he perceives as his own inability to feel things deeply. He decides to perform an 'inquest' into his brother's death, believing it to be key to why he represses his emotions.

When CRP-cAMP binds the activating sequence, it blocks RNA polymerase from establishing an open complex with PG2, but enhances a closed complex with RNA polymerase at PG1. This represses the activity of the PG2 promoter, and increases the activity of the PG1 promoter. When cells are grown in glucose, basal level transcription occurs from PG2.

Construction of a cDNA library from animal caps at a stage of 11.5, cloned into expression vector and generated mRNA. The synthetic RNA was then injected into embryos and the animal caps of these collected embryos were obtained and submitted to activin treatment. Xbra was recovered by selecting the clone that represses the mesodermal marker Xbra.

Diapause has distinct phases. Decreasing day period and dropping temperatures inhibitHerman, 1981, Biological Bulletin Vol 160,No1,pp 89-106 the production of juvenile hormone. This represses the development of gonadal activity, mating behaviors, and egg- laying. New behaviors emerge such as the development of social nectaring groups and late afternoon formation of night-time clusters or roosts.

According to Human Rights Watch, Castro constructed a "repressive machinery" that continues to deprive Cubans of their basic rights. The Cuban government has been accused of numerous human rights abuses, including torture, arbitrary imprisonment, unfair trials, and extrajudicial executions (a.k.a. "El Paredón"). Human Rights Watch reports that the government represses nearly all forms of political dissent.

On Synechococcus elongatus' singular circular chromosome, the protein-coding gene kaiC is located at position 380696-382255 (its locus tag is syc0334_d). The gene kaiC has paralogs kaiB (located 380338..380646) and kaiA (located 379394..380248). kaiC encodes the protein KaiC (519 amino acids). KaiC acts as a non-specific transcription regulator that represses transcription of the kaiBC promoter.

The function of the S4 domain is to be an RNA-binding protein. S4 is a multifunctional protein, and it must bind to the 16S ribosomal RNA. In addition, the S4 domain binds a complex pseudoknot and represses translation. More specifically, this protein domain delivers nucleotide-modifying enzymes to RNA and to regulates translation through structure specific RNA binding.

Their subjection to the convent dehumanized them and represses their sexuality. Furthermore, the novel took place during a time in France when religious vows were regulated and enforced by the government. Through his cross-identification writing style, Diderot manifested the demeaning Catholic standards towards women that forced them to obey their determined fate under the hierarchical society.

Histones play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. Histone acetylation/deacetylation alters chromosome structure and affects transcription factor access to DNA. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to class II of the histone deacetylase/acuc/apha family. It possesses histone deacetylase activity and represses transcription when tethered to a promoter.

HDACs are known to be associated with human brain development disorders. HDAC8, in particular, represses transcription factors in neural crest cells to control various patterns of the skull. This contributes to the various forms of facial deformities in individuals with Wilson-Turner Syndrome. Some of the facial deformities caused by the HDAC8 include prominent supraorbital ridges and high cheekbones.

Histones play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. Histone acetylation/deacetylation alters chromosome structure and affects transcription factor access to DNA. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the class II histone deacetylase/acuc/apha family. It possesses histone deacetylase activity and represses transcription when tethered to a promoter.

The MITR protein lacks the histone deacetylase catalytic domain. It represses MEF2 activity through recruitment of multicomponent corepressor complexes that include CtBP and HDACs. This encoded protein may play a role in hematopoiesis. Multiple alternatively spliced transcripts have been described for this gene but the full-length nature of some of them has not been determined.

This complementarity was proposed to inhibit the translation of the lin-14 mRNA into the LIN-14 protein. At the time, the lin-4 small RNA was thought to be a nematode idiosyncrasy. In 2000, a second small RNA was characterized: let-7 RNA, which represses lin-41 to promote a later developmental transition in C. elegans.

It interacts with the enhancer of polycomb protein and represses gene transcription. It is also thought to be involved in the differentiation of male germ cells. Fusion of the N-terminus of this protein with the truncated C-terminus of the RET gene product has been shown to result in production of the ret transforming protein.

Mutations in genes employed in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) cause a high mutation rate. In tumors, such frequent subsequent mutations often generate “non-self” immunogenic antigens. A human Phase II clinical trial, with 41 patients, evaluated one synthetic lethal approach for tumors with or without MMR defects. The product of gene PD-1 ordinarily represses cytotoxic immune responses.

Schematic representation of an auto-regulation motif One of simplest and most abundant network motifs in E. coli is negative auto-regulation in which a transcription factor (TF) represses its own transcription. This motif was shown to perform two important functions. The first function is response acceleration. NAR was shown to speed-up the response to signals both theoretically and experimentally.

The mechanism by which DNA methylation represses gene expression is a multi-step process. The distinction between methylated and unmethylated cytosine residues is carried out by specific DNA-binding proteins. Binding of these proteins recruit histone deacetylases (HDACs) enzyme which initiate chromatin remodeling such that the DNA becoming less accessible to transcriptional machinery, such as RNA polymerase, effectively repressing gene expression.

MKX is a transcription factor that regulates tendon differentiation during embryological development. Knocking out this gene in mouse embryos results in them developing hypoplastic tendons containing less type I collagen. MKX binds directly to the promoter of MyoD and represses its expression, negatively regulating muscle differentiation. Expression of MKX is maintained in adult tendon tissues, decreasing as a result of ageing or osteoarthritis.

First, FoxP3 represses expression of HER2, Skp2, SATB1 and MYC oncogenes and induces expression of tumour suppressor genes P21 and LATS2 in breast and prostate cancer cells. Second, over-expression of FoxP3 in melanoma, glioma, breast, prostate and ovarian cancer cell lines induces profound growth inhibitory effects in vitro and in vivo. However, this hypothesis need to be further investigated in future studies.

Gsc directly represses the expression of Xwnt-8 while indirectly repressing BMP-4. The inhibition of Xwnt-8 and BMP-4 ensures that normal anterior development, promoted by Spemann’s organizer, can occur. The expression of Gsc occurs twice in development, first during gastrulation and second during organogenesis. Gsc is found in high concentrations in the dorsal mesoderm and endoderm during gastrulation.

The FBXL3 protein is also involved in a related feedback loop that regulates the transcription of the Bmal1 gene. Bmal1 expression is regulated by the binding of REV-ERBα and RORα proteins to retinoic acid-related orphan receptor response elements (ROREs) in the Bmal1 promoter region. The binding of the REV-ERBα protein to the promoter represses expression, while RORα binding activates expression.

The third step is the regional expression of zygotic genes decapentaplegic (dpp), zerknüllt, tolloid, twist, snail, and rhomboid due to the expression of dorsal in the nucleus. High levels of dorsal are required to turn on transcription of twist and snail. Low levels of dorsal can activate the transcription of rhomboid. Dorsal represses the transcription of zerknüllt, tolloid, and dpp.

The LacI repressor protein represses lacZYA by binding to the operator sequence lacO. The lacZYA repressor is constitutively expressed. It is always bound to the operator region of the promoter, which interferes with the ability of RNA polymerase (RNAP) to begin transcription of the lacZYA operon. In the presence of the inducer allolactose, the repressor changes conformation and falls off the operator.

Heloísa (Adriana Esteves) is a baby- sitter hired to work at Regina‘s mansion. There, she meets Ricardo and Gustavo (Wagner Moura), who both fall in love with her. Ricardo reveals himself to Heloísa, but Gustavo represses his feelings. Heloísa and Ricardo have an affair and she gets pregnant, but his spiteful mother Ester (Zezé Polessa) forbids him to marry the nanny.

The expression of IL-8 is negatively regulated by a number of mechanisms. MiRNA-146a/b-5p indirectly represses IL-8 expression by silencing the expression of IRAK1. Additionally, the 3'UTR of IL-8 contains a A/U-rich element that makes it extremely unstable under certain conditions. IL-8 expression is also regulated by the transcription factor NF-κB.

CRISPRi can sterically repress transcription by blocking either transcriptional initiation or elongation. This is accomplished by designing sgRNA complementary to the promoter or the exonic sequences. The level of transcriptional repression for exonic sequences is strand-specific. When targeting the gene body, sgRNA complementary to the non-template strand more strongly represses transcription compared to sgRNA complementary to the template strand.

The largest initiation factor, eIF3, is another significant initiation factor in human cancers. Due to its role in creating the 43S pre-initiation complex, it helps to bind the ribosomal subunit to the mRNA. The initiation factor has been linked to cancers through over-expression. For example, one of the thirteen eIF3 proteins, eIF3c, interacts with and represses proteins used in tumor suppression.

Hypnotherapy can be used alone and in conjunction with systematic desensitization to treat phobias. Through hypnotherapy, the underlying cause of the phobia may be uncovered. The phobia may be caused by a past event that the person does not remember, a phenomenon known as repression. The mind represses traumatic memories from the conscious mind until the person is ready to deal with them.

AhrC endodes an arginine repressor protein which represses synthesis of arginine biosynthetic enzymes and activates arginine catabolic enzymes via regulation of the rocABC and rocDEF operons. In addition to acting as a sRNA, SR1 also encodes a small peptide, SR1P. SR1P binds to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GapA) and stabilises the gapA operon mRNAs. SR1 expression is regulated by CcpA and CcpN.

On average, each microRNA represses several hundred target genes. Thus microRNAs with hypermethylated promoters may be allowing over-expression of hundreds to thousands of genes in a cancer. The information above shows that, in cancers, promoter CpG hyper/hypo-methylation of genes and of microRNAs causes loss of expression (or sometimes increased expression) of far more genes than does mutation.

Endostatin suppresses angiogenesis through many pathways affecting both cell viability and movement. Endostatin represses cell cycle control and anti-apoptosis genes in proliferating endothelial cells, resulting in cell death. Endostatin blocks pro-angiogenic gene expression controlled by c-Jun N terminal kinase (JNK) by interfering with TNFα activation of JNK. It reduces the growth of new cells by inhibiting cyclin D1.

In the field of molecular biology, transrepression is a process whereby one protein represses (i.e., inhibits) the activity of a second protein through a protein-protein interaction. Since this repression occurs between two different protein molecules (intermolecular), it is referred to as a trans- acting process. The protein that is repressed is usually a transcription factor whose function is to up-regulate (i.e.

Overexpressed HMGA2 may play a role in the frequent repression of ERCC1 in cancers. The let-7a miRNA normally represses the HMGA2 gene, and in normal adult tissues, almost no HMGA2 protein is present. (See also Let-7 microRNA precursor.) Reduction or absence of let-7a miRNA allows high expression of the HMGA2 protein. As shown by Borrmann et al.

The model suggests that heterochromatin provides a fundamental epigenetic mechanism that underlies most of the changes in gene expression in senescence. Recent research in Drosophila has supported this heterochromatin loss modelLarson, K., Yan, S.J., Tsurumi, A., Liu, J., Zhou, J., Gaur, K., Guo, D., Eickbush, T.H., and Li, W.X. (2012). Heterochromatin formation promotes longevity and represses ribosomal RNA synthesis. PLoS Genetics 8, e1002473.

Though the peculiarity of the combination of one female nude with three clothed figures sparked mixed responses, the lack of interaction of the figures in addition to the lack of engagement by the nude woman provoked laughter instead of offense. Laughter as a response represses the sexual tension and makes the scene rather unthreatening to the viewer in the end.

CARM1 plays an important role in androgen receptors and may play a role in prostate cancer progression. CARM1 exerts both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive functions. In breast cancer, CARM1 methylates chromatin remodeling factor BAF155 to enhance tumor progression and metastasis. In pancreatic cancer, CARM1 methylates and inhibits MDH1 by disrupting its dimerization, which represses mitochondria respiration and inhibits glutamine utilization.

These modifications act in a context dependent manner to promote TBX3 protein stability, nuclear localization and transcriptional activity. TBX3 can activate and/or repress its target genes by binding a T-element, or half T-element sites. Indeed, Tbx3 binds highly conserved T-elements to activate the promoters of Eomes, T, Sox17 and Gata6, which are factors essential for mesoderm differentiation and extra embryonic endodermal. Furthermore, in the cancer context, TBX3 directly represses the cell cycle regulators p19ARF/p14ARF , p21WAF1 and TBX2 as well as E-cadherin which encodes a cell adhesion molecule, to promote proliferation and migration. TBX3 directly represses a region of the PTEN promoter which lacks putative T-elements, but which forms an important regulatory unit for PTEN transcriptional activators, thus raising the possibility that TBX3 may also repress some of its target genes through interfering with transcriptional activators.

The HES7 gene is self-regulated by a negative feedback loop in which the gene product can bind to its own promoter. This causes the gene to be expressed in an oscillatory manner. The HES7 protein also represses expression of Lunatic Fringe (LFNG) thereby both directly and indirectly regulating the Notch signalling pathway. Mutations in HES7 can result in deformities of the spine, ribs and heart.

In the field of molecular biology, a corepressor is a substance that inhibits the expression of genes. In prokaryotes, corepressors are small molecules whereas in eukaryotes, corepressors are proteins. A corepressor does not directly bind to DNA, but instead indirectly regulates gene expression by binding to repressors. A corepressor downregulates (or represses) the expression of genes by binding to and activating a repressor transcription factor.

She treasures a ribbon bow with bells, given to her by Kyoshiro and tied to the right side of her headdress. Rarely expressing emotion, she is beautiful and an excellent homemaker, causing Kū to call her a "princess". Setsuna acts only according to Kyoshiro's wishes, habitually asking "Would you prefer that, Kyoshiro?". Jealous of Kyoshiro and Kū's relationship, she represses her feelings to not trouble him.

Kirsten represses the attack, a psychological defence mechanism. But her attitude towards the attack changes: she develops a desire for killing her attacker. This desire is reinforced by her therapist who tells her that feelings of hatred might help her recover. Another significant aspect is that Kirsten learns that she is a "born victim" which - in her interpretation - means that she has survived for a reason.

Hydrogen peroxide can induce apoptosis through oxidative stress. This is because oxidative stress caused by induces increased activity of miRNA-1. This increased miRNA-1 activity represses the activity of Bcl-2, inducing apoptosis. However, by creating and introducing an AMO for miRNA-1 in an environment of oxidative stress, the response to is reduced, creating a resistance to oxidative stress in the heart.

Ure2p is a yeast protein that represses transcription of genes involved in nitrogen catabolism. It specifically regulates the utilization of poor nitrogen sources in the presence of preferred nutrients such as ammonia or glutamine. Ure2p is one of the few yeast proteins that are known to be prions. At low frequency the protein adopts an alternative conformation that is auto- catalytic and self-propagating.

AP2-gamma activates genes that are important for placenta development and retinoic acid-mediated differentiation of the eyes, face, body wall, limbs, and neural tube. AP2-gamma also suppresses genes such as MYC and C/EBP alpha. It also represses CD44 expression, which is a cell marker for some breast and prostate cancers. Mutations of this transcription factor can lead to poorly developed placenta and tissues.

Repressor of RNA polymerase III transcription MAF1 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAF1 gene. This gene encodes a protein that is homologous to Maf1, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein which is highly conserved in eukaryotic cells. S. cerevisiae Maf1 is a negative effector of RNA polymerase III (Pol III). It responds to changes in the cellular environment and represses Pol III transcription.

KDM2B is broadly and highly expressed in embryonic tissues (especially in the developing central nervous system of vertebrates). Expression of KDM2B is also retained in most organs in adults. The protein is present in the nucleoplasm and is enriched in the nucleolus where it binds the transcribed region of ribosomal RNA to represses the transcription of ribosomal RNA genes which inhibits cell growth and proliferation.

Retrieved 27 July 2020. RCOR3 (REST Corepressor 3): A protein that may act as a component of a co-repressor complex that represses transcription UniProt entry on RCOR3. Retrieved 27 July 2020. It also interacts with viral proteins such as: Replicase polyprotein 1ab (SARS-CoV2): A multifunctional protein involved in the transcription and replication of viral RNAs. UniProt entry on Replicase 1ab. Retrieved 27 July 2020.

Environmental and hormonal factors can affect stomatal development. Light increases stomatal development in plants; while, plants grown in the dark have a lower amount of stomata. Auxin represses stomatal development by affecting their development at the receptor level like the ERL and TMM receptors. However, a low concentration of auxin allows for equal division of a guard mother cell and increases the chance of producing guard cells.

Sara's marriage to Bruno Murillo makes her life hell on earth. Bruno, a harsh fifty-year-old man who cheats on Sara and firmly believes that money can buy everything, even love. Sara represses her frustration and sacrifices her happiness in order to give her children, Miranda, Andres, and Paula, a stable home. To make matters worse for Sara, Bruno will not let her divorce him.

Methylation of cytosine in DNA has a major role in regulating gene expression. Methylation of CpGs in a promoter region of a gene usually represses gene transcription while methylation of CpGs in the body of a gene increases expression. TET enzymes play a central role in demethylation of methylated cytosines. Demethylation of CpGs in a gene promoter by TET enzyme activity increases transcription of the gene.

The wide variety of pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains that co-exist in aquatic environments are thought to allow for so many genetic varieties. Gene transfer is fairly common amongst bacteria, and recombination of different V. cholerae genes can lead to new virulent strains. A symbiotic relationship between V. cholerae and Ruminococcus obeum has been determined. R. obeum autoinducer represses the expression of several V. cholerae virulence factors.

TDP-43 is a transcriptional repressor that binds to chromosomally integrated TAR DNA and represses HIV-1 transcription. In addition, this protein regulates alternate splicing of the CFTR gene. In particular, TDP-43 is a splicing factor binding to the intron8/exon9 junction of the CFTR gene and to the intron2/exon3 region of the apoA-II gene. A similar pseudogene is present on chromosome 20.

Methylated cytosines primarily occur in dinucleotide sequences where cytosine is followed by a guanine, a CpG site. The total number of CpG sites in the human genome is approximately 28 million. and generally about 70% of all CpG sites have a methylated cytosine. Methylation of CpGs in a promoter region of a gene represses transcription while methylation of CpGs in the body of a gene increases expression.

The use of a triple filament or multifilament set-up improves ionization efficiency and provides the rate of evaporation and ionization to be controlled separately. Filaments need to be loaded with activators. An activator represses the evaporation of the desired element and can either increase or decrease the ionization potential of the filament. This results in high ionization efficiency and a higher total yield.

Paul D retains his slave name - all the enslaved men at Sweet Home were named Paul. He also retains many painful memories from enslavement and being forced to live in a chain gang. It is said that his heart is kept in a "tobacco tin", as he continuously represses his painful memories. Years after their time together at Sweet Home, Paul D and Sethe reunite and begin a romantic relationship.

ALX3 binds to the promoter and represses MITF, which allows transcription to take place when making melanocytes. More tests were performed to confirm the function of ALX3 within the African striped mice. The gene was observed in other rodents such as the North American chipmunks and deemed responsible for the similar outcomes. The differences in evolution amongst the species did not hinder the similarities in the expression of the gene.

The I1-FFL is a pulse generator and response accelerator. The two signal pathways of the I1-FFL act in opposite directions where one pathway activates Z and the other represses it. When the repression is complete this leads to a pulse-like dynamics. It was also demonstrated experimentally that the I1-FFL can serve as response accelerator in a way which is similar to the NAR motif.

However, this does not mean that the mechanism of action is similarly conserved. For example, the monocot rice accelerates its flowering in short- day conditions, while Arabidopsis thaliana, a eudicot, responds to long-day conditions. In both plants, the proteins CO and FT are present but in Arabidopsis thaliana CO enhances FT production, while in rice the CO homolog represses FT production, resulting in completely opposite downstream effects.

DCC can be considered a conditional tumour suppressor gene as well as a conditional oncogene. When DCC is present and not activated by netrin it is proapoptotic, and represses tumour formation. When DCC is present and netrin-activated it promotes cell survival, acting as an oncoprotein. Netrin-activated DCC is known to activate the CDC42-RAC1 and MAPK1/3 pathways, both of which are activated in cancer and promote tumour development.

The administration represses radical students and prohibits speeches by Socialists like Sinclair. Students at state universities, which are funded by the public, are nevertheless taught to serve the interests of the rich. A major theme is professors' inability to speak freely in or out of class without fearing for their jobs (academic freedom). Rather, the Board of Trustees, acting through the school's president, suppressed any criticism of the status quo.

Functions of MTA3 are believed to be differentially regulated in the context of cancer-types. For example, MTA3 expression is downregulated in breast cancer and endometrioid adenocarcinomas. MTA3 is overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer and human placenta and chorionic carcinoma cells. In breast cancer, loss of MTA3 promotes EMT and invasiveness of breast cancer cells via upregulating Snail, which in turn represses E-cadherin adhesion molecule.

RepA is the only plasmid-encoded protein required for replication in pSC101. RepA protein represses its own synthesis by binding to its own promoter region and blocking transcription of itself (transcriptional autoregulation). Thus, the more RepA is made, the more its synthesis is repressed, and subsequently limiting plasmid replication. The coupling hypothesis proposes that the second method is coupling of plasmids through the Rep protein and iteron sequences.

The expression of OmpC and OmpF is regulated by the sRNAs MicC and MicF in response to stress conditions. The outer membrane protein OmpA anchors the outer membrane to the murein layer of the periplasmic space. Its expression is downregulated in the stationary phase of cell-growth. In E. coli the sRNA MicA depletes OmpA levels, in Vibrio cholerae the sRNA VrrA represses synthesis of OmpA in response to stress.

Retinoid signaling is transduced by 2 families of nuclear receptors, retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR), which form RXR/RAR heterodimers. In the absence of ligand, DNA-bound RXR/RARA represses transcription by recruiting the corepressors NCOR1, SMRT (NCOR2), and histone deacetylase. When ligand binds to the complex, it induces a conformational change allowing the recruitment of coactivators, histone acetyltransferases, and the basic transcription machinery.

Yukari is popular at school because of her good looks, cheerful disposition, and energetic attitude. Though outwardly friendly and extroverted, she is very careful not to let anyone get truly close to her. She constantly picks on Junpei, hides her true motives from the group, and represses a lot of anger and sorrow about her past. It is revealed that Yukari has been on her own for quite some time.

Control of the Hox genes by miR-10 suggests that this microRNA may play an important role in development. In addition to the Hox genes, miR-10a represses the transcription factor USF2 and the Ran and Pbp1 genes. The cell-surface proteoglycan Syndecan-1 is a target of miR-10b. miR-10a binds to the five prime untranslated region (5'UTR) of mRNAs encoding ribosomal proteins, and increases their translation.

FusK and FusR are the two components of a system to repress the transcription of the LEE genes. FusK is a sensor kinase which is able to sense many sugars among which fucose. When fucose is present in the medium FusK phosphorylates FusR which represses LEE expression. Thus when EHEC enters the gut there is a competition between the signals coming from QseC and QseF, and the signal coming from FusK.

The Female Eunuch is a 1970 book by Germaine Greer that became an international bestseller and an important text in the feminist movement. Greer's thesis is that the "traditional" suburban, consumerist, nuclear family represses women sexually, and that this devitalises them, rendering them eunuchs. The book was published in London in October 1970. It received a mixed reception, but by March 1971, it had nearly sold out its second printing.

The human ortholog of Drosophila suppressor of fused, has a conserved sequence, this means that particular amino acids have remained the same throughout evolution. Consequently, they have very similar roles in repressing Hedgehog signalling. It represses the Gli and Ci transcription factors of the Hedgehog pathway, and functions by binding to these proteins and preventing their translocation to the nucleus. Homologues of Sufu have been found in bacteria.

The government severely represses those it suspects of Islamic extremism. Some 6,000 suspected members of Hizb ut-Tahrir are among those incarcerated, and some are believed to have died over the past several years from prison disease, torture, and abuse. With few options for religious instruction, some young Muslims have turned to underground Islamic movements. The police force and the SNB use torture as a routine investigation technique.

More recently it has been shown that IFRD1 potentiates muscle regeneration by a second mechanism that potentiates MyoD, i.e., by repressing the transcriptional activity of NF-κB, which is known to inhibit MyoD mRNA accumulation. IFRD1 represses the activity of NF-κB p65 by enhancing the HDAC-mediated deacetylation of the p65 subunit, by favoring the recruitment of HDAC3 to p65. In fact IFRD1 forms trimolecular complexes with p65 and HDAC3.

Phosphorylation occurs at many amino acids on C16orf90. The red markers on the protein schematic indicate likely phosphorylation sites. NetPhos, a phosphorylation site predictor, returned many sites including amino acids 16, 34, 56, 63, 67, 86, 130, 144, 147, 148, 150, 151, 152, 153, 165, 167, 174, 177, 189, and 191. A CTCF binding site (CCCTC-binding factor) is an 11-zinc finger transcription factor that generally represses transcription.

They also indicated 11 microRNAs whose promoters were hypermethylated in colon cancers at frequencies between 50% and 100% of cancers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous RNAs that pair with sequences in messenger RNAs to direct post-transcriptional repression. On average, each microRNA represses or inhibits transcriptional expression of several hundred target genes. Thus microRNAs with hypermethylated promoters may be allowing enhanced transcription of hundreds to thousands of genes in a cancer.

This syndrome is associated with increased susceptibility to tumors and growth abnormalities in children. A common cause of this syndrome is a mutation in an imprint control region near the Igf2 gene. This imprint control region is normally bound by an insulator on the maternal allele, which represses an enhancer from acting on the Igf2 gene. This insulator is absent on the paternal allele and allows it access to the gene.

Protein CREG1 (Cellular Repressor of E1A-stimulated Genes 1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CREG1 gene. The adenovirus E1A protein both activates and represses gene expression to promote cellular proliferation and inhibit differentiation. The protein encoded by this gene antagonizes transcriptional activation and cellular transformation by E1A. This protein shares limited sequence similarity with E1A and binds both the general transcription factor TBP and the tumor suppressor pRb in vitro.

Superman has been found to undergo to epigenetic modifications. Specifically, cytosine methylation (attachment of methyl radicals to cytosine bases), which represses its transcriptional activity. This methylation brings about the Clark Kent (clk) epialleles, which are a set of altered versions of the Superman gene lacking function. Whereas most cases of cytosine methylation in plants tend to happen in the Promoter of transcription, the cytosine methylation of Superman happens within the gene, just after the promoter.

NFIL3 influences cell survival and involves in oncogenesis. NFIL3 is shown to be a survival factor that hinders apoptotic cell death in numerous cell types and leads to oncogenesis. High expression level of NFIL3 is shown associate with breast cancer. In cancer cells, NFIL3 associates with Histone deacetylase2 (HDAC2) and represses pro-apoptotic genes such as Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 (TRAIL) and TNF receptor superfamily member 6 (FAS) to prevent apoptosis.

Chorodow, Family structure and feminine personality, pp. 87–89. Thus, a girl represses neither her pre-Oedipal nor her Oedipal attachment to her mother nor her Oedipal attachment to her father. This means that she grows up with more ongoing preoccupation with internalized object relationships and with external relationships. Because a girl does not have to repress her pre- Oedipal and Oedipal attachment to father and mother, she reaches a more relational sensibility than boys.

This interaction inhibits the synthesis of tetrahydrofolate, shutting off production of DNA, RNA and proteins. Inhibition of this function represses neoplastic growth and improves severe psoriasis and adult rheumatoid arthritis. In cardiovascular illnesses, drugs such as beta blockers are used to treat patients with hypertension. Beta blockers (β-Blockers) are antihypertensive agents that block the binding of the hormones adrenaline and noradrenaline to β1 and β2 receptors in the heart and blood vessels.

In non-vertebrate animals, a single MyoD protein is typically found. MyoD is one of the earliest markers of myogenic commitment. MyoD is expressed at extremely low and essentially undetectable levels in quiescent satellite cells, but expression of MyoD is activated in response to exercise or muscle tissue damage. The effect of MyoD on satellite cells is dose- dependent; high MyoD expression represses cell renewal, promotes terminal differentiation and can induce apoptosis.

It is made from the first promoter until the plasmid reaches its copy number, upon which the protein CopB represses this primary promoter. RepA expression is also regulated post-transcriptionally from the secondary promoter by an antisense RNA called CopA. CopA interacts with its RNA target in the RepA mRNA and forms a kissing complex and then a RNA-RNA duplex. The resultant double stranded RNA is cleaved by RNase III, preventing synthesis of RepA.

Inactivation of one of the X chromosomes is initiated by a long non coding RNA called Xist. This lncRNA is expressed on the same chromosome it represses, known as working in cis. Recent research has shown that a repeat element in the RNA of Xist causes PRC2 to bind to the RNA. Another part of the RNA binds to the X-chromosome positioning PRC2 such that it can methylate various regions on the X-chromosome.

262px Ultrabithorax (Ubx) is a homeobox gene found in insects, and is used in the regulation of patterning in morphogenesis. There are many possible products of this gene, which function as transcription factors. Ubx is used in the specification of serially homologous structures, and is used at many levels of developmental hierarchies. In Drosophila melanogaster it is expressed in the third thoracic (T3) and first abdominal (A1) segments and represses wing formation.

REST levels are highest in the brains of people who lived up to be 90 - 100s and remained cognitively intact. Levels stayed high specifically in the brain regions vulnerable to Alzheimer's, suggesting that they might be protected from dementia. It is assumed that REST represses genes that promote cell death and Alzheimer's disease pathology, and induces the expression of stress response genes. Moreover, REST potently protects neurons from oxidative stress and amyloid β-protein toxicity.

As Korra explores Republic City, she befriends the brothers Mako and Bolin and joins their pro-bending team, the "Fire Ferrets". The team is sponsored by Asami Sato, daughter of a wealthy industrialist, and the four together form the new "Team Avatar". After Korra's appearance in the city, the Equalists become increasingly violent, climaxing in an attack on the pro-bending arena. When Tarrlok indiscriminately represses non-benders, Korra refuses to support him.

Columbia Jazz Masterpieces was a series of Jazz CD, LP and cassette reissues from Columbia Records which began in 1986. Written inside the blue box used on all the album covers "Digitally Remastered Directly from the Original Analog Tapes." In Europe, the series was known as CBS Jazz Masterpieces, with the reissues being released by CBS Records, until 1991, when the Columbia Jazz Masterpieces title was used on all subsequent releases and represses.

These things have been demonstrated many times by his ability to think quickly and analyze crisis situations. Jack intentionally represses fear and anxiety, usually in order to remain strong for other people, as he is the one they turn to during crises. Initially, he rejects claims of fellow survivors, such as Rose Nadler (L. Scott Caldwell) and John Locke, who believe they are on the Island for a reason and that the Island has mystic properties.

This represses the transcriptional targets of E2F1, leading to cell cycle arrest after the G1 phase. p16Ink4a also activates pRB, but through inactivation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk 4) and cyclin- dependent kinase 6 (Cdk 6). p16Ink4a is responsible for the induction of premature, stress-induced senescence. This is not irreversible; silencing of p16Ink4a through promotor methylation or deletion of the p16Ink4a locus allows the cell to resume the cell cycle if senescence was initiated by p16Ink4a activation.

Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase also known as cholesterol 7-alpha- monooxygenase or cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP7A1 gene which has an important role in cholesterol metabolism. It is a cytochrome P450 enzyme, which belongs to the oxidoreductase class, and converts cholesterol to 7-alpha-hydroxycholesterol, the first and rate limiting step in bile acid synthesis. The inhibition of cholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) represses bile acid biosynthesis.

Each installation has a unique intensity and period of vibration at which the system will produce the greatest collecting efficiency. For example, low intensity causes significant buildup of dust on discharge wires ultimately limiting the power input to the precipitator due to a reduction in sparkover distance between electrodes. Furthermore, low intensity represses the formation of negative corona. Buildup can also affect the standard distribution of electrostatic forces, thereby causing oscillation of the discharge wires and high-tension frame.

As mentioned above, urokinase activated the release of HGF; therefore, TGFβ1 also represses the urokinase activity. This process is able to bring the hepatocytes back into their quiescent state. Sometimes, hepatocytes do not have the ability to proliferate and an alternative form of regeneration is able to take place to rebuild the liver. This can happen with the help of biliary epithelial cells having the capability of turning into hepatocytes when the original hepatocytes have problems proliferating.

E6 has also been shown to target other cellular proteins, thereby altering several metabolic pathways. One such target is NFX1-91, which normally represses production of telomerase, a protein that allows cells to divide an unlimited number of times. When NFX1-91 is degraded by E6, telomerase levels increase, inactivating a major mechanism keeping cell growth in check. Additionally, E6 can act as a transcriptional cofactor—specifically, a transcription activator—when interacting with the cellular transcription factor, E2F1/DP1.

The album was released to digital retailers and physically on June 9, 2009. Nowadays, physical releases of Happiness are scarce, with recent represses selling out in minutes. Few are available online, with a small number being found on sites such as eBay, with prices often pushing the two hundred U.S. dollar mark. It is their second release thus far to provide lyrics for each song in the CD booklet (Whatever I Say Is Royal Ocean being the first).

The closest mammalian homolog to vri is the transcriptional regulator E4BP4 (NFIL3). Although the consensus binding site for vri has not yet been determined, its bZIP domain does share >85% homology with the protein sequence of E4BP4, and it does recognize the E4BP4 site. E4BP4 represses promoter activity in per1, per2, and osteoblasts, suggesting its role as a negative regulator complex of mammalian circadian clocks. It transcriptionally activates interleukin-3, and is implicated in apoptotic pathways.

Concerning known protein inhibitors of NF-κB activity, one of them is IFRD1, which represses the activity of NF-κB p65 by enhancing the HDAC-mediated deacetylation of the p65 subunit at lysine 310, by favoring the recruitment of HDAC3 to p65. In fact IFRD1 forms trimolecular complexes with p65 and HDAC3. The NAD-dependent protein deacetylase and longevity factor SIRT1 inhibits NF- κB gene expression by deacetylating the RelA/p65 subunit of NF-kB at lysine 310.

In a normal cell, the CpG island is hypomethylated,University of Melbourne, Coursera and the rest of the genome is methylated. It is evident that the hypomethylation of the CpG island in normal cells provides no additional steric hindrance to future binding. The majority of CpG pairs in mammals are chemically modified by the covalent attachment of a methyl group to the C5 position of the cytosine ring. This modification is distributed throughout the genome and represses transcription.

For example in Season 2 Episode 15 "Secrets", Jim's Silver Star medal is shown :Category:Fictional Silver Star recipients. Additionally in the pilot, Jim is shown to be wearing a Combat Infantryman Badge and the Parachutist Breast Badge on his uniform. In Season 4 Episode 4 "Dead End on Blank Street", Jim is also shown to be wearing a Combat Medic Breast Badge. When Jim returns to Cascade, Washington, he represses the memories of his time in Peru.

According to Human Rights Watch, > the Pakistani government represses democratic freedoms, muzzles the press > and practices routine torture. Tight controls on freedom of expression have been a hallmark of government policy in Azad Kashmir. Pakistan has prevented the creation of independent media in the territory through bureaucratic restrictions and coercion. Under Azad Kashmir's constitution, which Pakistan enforced in 1974, election candidates are “prescreened” to ensure that only those who support Kashmir's union with Pakistan can contest elections.

Ogretmen, B., Kraveka, J., Schady, D., Usta, J., Hannun, Y., & Obeid, L. (2001). Molecular mechanisms of ceramide-mediated telomerase inhibition in the A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 276(35), 32506-14. Patel, B. S., Rahman, M. M., Rumzhum, N. N., Oliver, B. G., Verrills, N. M., & Ammit, A. J. (2016). Theophylline represses IL-8 secretion from airway smooth muscle cells independently of phosphodiesterase inhibition novel role as a protein phosphatase 2A activator.

In the lateral regions of the embryo, low nuclear concentrations of Dorsal lead to the expression of rhomboid which identifies future neuroectoderm. More dorsally, active Dpp signaling represses rhomboid thus confining it to the lateral blastoderm nuclei. At the dorsal side of the embryo, blastoderm nuclei where this is little or no nuclear dorsal protein express zerknüllt, tolloid, and decapentaplegic (Dpp). This leads to the specification of non-neural ectoderm and later in the blastula stage to anmioserosa.

Fetal and aged mice with this pathophysiological condition have shown a decrease in the activity of calcineurin, the major phosphatase for Elk1. These mice also have age-dependent changes in ERK activation. Moreover, expression of SUMO3, which represses Elk1 activity, increases in the adult Down syndrome patient. Therefore, Down syndrome is correlated with changes in ERK, calcineurin, and SUMO pathways, all of which act antagonistically on Elk1 activity. Elk1 also interacts with BRCA1 splice variants, namely BRCA1a and BRCA1b.

CSB and CSA proteins are considered to function in transcription coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER). CSB and CSA deficient cells are unable to preferentially repair UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in actively transcribed genes, consistent with a failed TC- NER response. CSB also accumulates at sites of DNA double-strand breaks in a transcription dependent manner and influences double-strand break repair. CSB protein facilitates homologous recombinational repair of double-strand breaks and represses non-homologous end joining.

The protein encoded by this gene is part of a complex termed negative elongation factor (NELF) which represses RNA polymerase II transcript elongation. This protein bears similarity to nuclear RNA-binding proteins; however, it has not been demonstrated that this protein binds RNA. The protein contains a tract of alternating basic and acidic residues, largely arginine (R) and aspartic acid (D). The gene localizes to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC class III) region on chromosome 6.

From a young age, Ying-Ying is told by her wealthy and conservative family that Chinese girls should be meek and gentle. This is especially difficult for her, as she feels it out of step with her character as a Tiger. She begins to develop a passive personality and represses her feelings as she grows up in Wuxi. Ying-Ying marries a charismatic man named Lin Xiao not out of love, but because she believed it was her fate.

Bicoid and Nanos both encode morphogens that have the opposite effect on Hunchback mRNA translation – Bicoid activates translation, whereas Nanos represses it. As such, Hunchback mRNA is translated so that Hunchback protein is present in the concentration gradient which decreases along the anterior – posterior axis. This Hunchback gradient indirectly results in an anterior boundary for Knirps expression. Other factors induce a posterior boundary, so that Knirps is expressed in a stripe in the posterior region of the embryo.

If mutations disable the lag gene, large cells specified by glsA will develop as somatic cells initially but then de-differentiate to become gonidia. Determination of somatic cells is controlled by the transcription factor regA. The regA geneencodes a single 80 amino acid-long DNA-binding SAND domain that is expressed in somatic cells after embryonic development. regA acts to prevent division by inhibiting cell growth via downregulation of chloroplast biosynthesis, and represses expression of genes necessary for germ cell formation.

Klf4 is upregulated in vascular injury. It dramatically represses SRF/myocardin-induced activation of gene expression, and directly inhibits myocardin gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), therefore inhibiting the transition to a proliferative phenotype . Furthermore, Klf4 has been identified as an anti-proliferative shear stress- responsive gene, and forced over-expression of Klf4 in VSMCs induces growth arrest. Klf4 may therefore be an important protective factor in disease states affected by shear stress, such as thrombosis, restenosis and atherosclerosis.

Zinc finger transcription factor Trps1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRPS1 gene. This gene encodes a GATA-like transcription factor that represses GATA-regulated genes and binds to a dynein light chain protein. Binding of the encoded protein to the dynein light chain protein affects binding to GATA consensus sequences and suppresses its transcriptional activity. Defects in this gene are a cause of tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome (TRPS) types I-III (also known as the Langer-Giedion syndrome).

The isomerization of the peptide bond between histone H3's alanine 15 and proline 16 is affected by the acetylation at K14 and can control the methylation states of K4. K4me3 represses gene transcription and depends upon the Set1 methyltransferase complex subunit Spp1 being balanced with the Jhd2 demethylases for proper function. Acetylation of K14 allows for a state change in P16 and primarily promotes the trans state of P16. This trans isomer of P16 reduces K4 methylation, which results in transcription repression.

The zinc finger protein encoded by this gene is one of several cellular transcription factors whose DNA-binding activities are regulated through the action of adenovirus E1A. A 50-kDa amino-terminal product is generated from the full-length protein through proteolytic cleavage. The protein is differentially regulated by E1A-induced phosphorylation. The full-length gene product represses transcription from the E4 promoter in the absence of E1A, while the 50-kDa form acts as a transcriptional activator in its presence.

Contextual factors including relationships with one's conversation partner, status differences, location, and social setting are all reasons as to why an individual would express, suppress, or mask an emotion. Masking is a facade to behave in certain ways that would help one hide their emotions and represses emotions that are not approved by those around them. Because a person wants to receive acceptance from the public, masking helps disguise characteristics like anger, jealousy or rage - emotions that would not be considered socially acceptable.

Dysregulation of ACLY and PDC contributes to metabolic reprogramming and promotes the development of multiple cancers. At the same time, glucose metabolism maintains the NAD+/NADH ratio, and NAD+ participates in SIRT- mediated histone deacetylation. SIRT enzyme activity is altered in various malignancies, and inhibiting SIRT6, a histone deacetylase that acts on acetylated H3K9 and H3K56, promotes tumorigenesis. SIRT7, which deacetylates H3K18 and thereby represses transcription of target genes, is activated in cancer to stabilize cells in the transformed state.

In cells absent of c-jun, the expression of p53 (cell cycle arrest inducer) and p21 (CDK inhibitor and p53 target gene) is increased, and those cells exhibit cell cycle defect. Overexpression of c-jun in cells results in decreased level of p53 and p21, and exhibits accelerated cell proliferation. C-jun represses p53 transcription by binding to a variant AP-1 site in the p53 promoter. Those results indicate that c-jun downregulates p53 to control cell cycle progression.

Further segregation of blastomeres into the trophoblast and inner cell mass are regulated by the homeodomain protein, Cdx2. This transcription factor represses the expression of Oct4 and Nanog transcription factors in the trophoblast. These genomic alterations allow for the progressive specification of both epiblast and primitive endoderm lineages at the end of the blastocyst phase of development preceding gastrulation. Much of the research conducted on these early embryonic stages is on mouse embryos and specific factors may differ between mammals.

Yet this is strange as Pechorin's intelligence is very high (typical of a Byronic hero). Pechorin's explanation as to why his actions are arbitrary can be found in the last chapter where he speculates about fate. He sees his arbitrary behaviour not as being a subconscious reflex to past moments in his life but rather as fate. Pechorin grows dissatisfied with his life as each of his arbitrary actions lead him through more emotional suffering which he represses from the view of others.

OxyS RNA is induced in response to oxidative stress in Escherichia coli. The B2 RNA is a small noncoding RNA polymerase III transcript that represses mRNA transcription in response to heat shock in mouse cells. B2 RNA inhibits transcription by binding to core Pol II. Through this interaction, B2 RNA assembles into preinitiation complexes at the promoter and blocks RNA synthesis. A recent study has shown that just the act of transcription of ncRNA sequence can have an influence on gene expression.

This gene encodes one member of a family of translation repressor proteins. The protein directly interacts with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), which is a limiting component of the multisubunit complex that recruits 40S ribosomal subunits to the 5' end of mRNAs. Interaction of this protein with eIF4E inhibits complex assembly and represses translation. This protein is phosphorylated in response to various signals including UV irradiation and insulin signaling, resulting in its dissociation from eIF4E and activation of cap-dependent mRNA translation.

Activating transcription factor 3 is a member of the mammalian activation transcription factor/cAMP responsive element-binding (CREB) protein family of transcription factors. Multiple transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. The longer isoform represses rather than activates transcription from promoters with ATF binding elements. The shorter isoform (deltaZip2) lacks the leucine zipper protein-dimerization motif and does not bind to DNA, and it stimulates transcription, it is presumed, by sequestering inhibitory co- factors away from the promoter.

This gene encodes a subunit of the elongation factor-1 complex, which is responsible for the enzymatic delivery of aminoacyl tRNAs to the ribosome. This subunit functions as guanine nucleotide exchange factor. It is reported that this subunit interacts with HIV-1 Tat, and thus it represses the translation of host-cell, but not HIV-1, mRNAs. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene, however, the full length nature of only two variants has been determined.

Leucine responsive protein, or Lrp, is a global regulator protein, meaning that it regulates the biosynthesis of leucine, as well as the other branched- chain amino acids, valine and isoleucine. In bacteria, it is encoded by the lrp gene. Lrp alternatively activates and represses the expression of acetolactate synthase's (ALS) several isoenzymes. Lrp, in E. coli, along with DAM plays a role in the regulation of the fim operon, a group of genes needed for successful synthesis and trafficking of Type I Pili.

Rather than suppressing SFRP1 expression, B-catenin/TCF activity was associated with the induction of SFRP1. This is consistent with a negative feedback response restricting the exposure of a normal cell to a prolonged Wnt growth factor signal. Hedgehog signaling in the intestinal epithelium represses the canonical Wnt signaling to restrict expression of Wnt target genes to stem or progenitor cells. It was thought that the Hedgehog signaling pathway does this via the induction of the secreted-type Wnt inhibitor.

The role of Tbx2 in cushion formation in the developing heart is by working with Tbx3 to trigger a feed- forward loop with BMP2 for the coordinated development of these cushions. Tbx2 has also been found to temporally suppress the proliferation and differentiation a subset of the primary myocardial cells. Finally, during anterior brain development, BMP stimulates the expression of Tbx2, which suppresses FGF signaling. This suppression of FGF signaling further represses the expression of Flrt3, which is necessary for anterior brain development.

Mentha proposed a strong physical interaction with ATXN1 which is a chromatin-binding factor that represses Notch signaling in the absence of the Notch intracellular domain. According to PSICQUIC, C1orf94 and MMADHC have physical interactions that were demonstrated through affinity chromatography technology. MMADHC is a gene that encodes a mitochondrial protein that is involved in early steps of vitamin B12 metabolism. RFX2 is possibly a functional partner according to STRING and it is a query protein and involved in first shell of interactors.

Tc normally kills bacteria by binding to the bacterial ribosome and halting protein synthesis. The expression of tc resistance genes is regulated by the repressor TetR. TetR represses the expression of TetA, a membrane protein that pumps out substances toxic to the bacteria like tc, by binding the tetA operator. In tc resistant bacteria, TetA will pump out tc before it can bind to the ribosome because the repressive action of TetR on TetA is halted by binding of tc to TetR.

The product of gene PD-1 ordinarily represses cytotoxic immune responses. Inhibition of this gene allows a greater immune response. In this Phase II clinical trial with 47 patients, when cancer patients with a defect in MMR in their tumors were exposed to an inhibitor of PD-1, 67% - 78% of patients experienced immune-related progression-free survival. In contrast, for patients without defective MMR, addition of PD-1 inhibitor generated only 11% of patients with immune-related progression-free survival.

Over expression of any one of these miRNAs can cause reduced expression of its target DNA repair gene. Up to 15% of the MLH1-deficiencies in sporadic colon cancers appeared to be due to over-expression of the microRNA miR-155, which represses MLH1 expression. However, the majority of 68 sporadic colon cancers with reduced expression of the DNA mismatch repair protein MLH1 were found to be deficient due to epigenetic methylation of the CpG island of the MLH1 gene.

H3K9me2 represses gene expression both passively, by prohibiting acetylation and therefore binding of RNA polymerase or its regulatory factors, and actively, by recruiting transcriptional repressors. H3K9me2 has also been found in megabase blocks, termed Large Organised Chromatin K9 domains (LOCKS), which are primarily located within gene-sparse regions but also encompass genic and intergenic intervals. Its synthesis is catalyzed by G9a, G9a-like protein, and PRDM2. H3K9me2 can be removed by a wide range of histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) including KDM1, KDM3, KDM4 and KDM7 family members.

Cameron's roommate Erin represses her homosexuality and earnestly believes in the camp's program. Cameron befriends two of her fellow "disciples," Jane Fonda, who was raised in a hippie commune, and Adam Red Eagle, a Lakota two-spirit whose father has converted to Christianity. The three teenagers bond over their mutual rebelliousness and skepticism of the camp's purpose. During a group session, Cameron admits that she thinks Coley is "perfect" and is told by Dr. Marsh that her homosexuality stems from a misplaced urge to be like Coley.

In Vibrio cholerae, autoinducer-1 (AI-1) signals are detected by LuxQ, a sensor kinase. LuxQ activates LuxU, which then acts on LuxO, a DNA-binding protein which represses HapR gene expression. HapR is thought to LuxO deletions resulted in strong induction of vas gene expression, and hence T6SS expression, demonstrating that T6SS is regulated in some form by quorum sensing. However, O1 strains with LuxO deletions still had relatively quiescent T6SS compared to the O37 strain, suggesting that additional factors are also involved.

Malthus argued that two types of checks hold population within resource limits: The first, or preventive check to lower birth rates and The second, or positive check to permit higher mortality rates. This second check "represses an increase which is already begun" but by being "confined chiefly, though not perhaps solely, to the lowest orders of society". The preventive checks could involve birth control, postponement of marriage, and celibacy while the positive checks could involve hunger, disease and war; .Geoffrey Gilbert, introduction to Malthus T.R. 1798.

Protein SvtR was the first crenarchaeal RHH regulator characterized in details and also the first viral coded transcriptional regulators within the Archaeal domain. It strongly represses the transcription of the minor structural protein and, to a lesser extent, of its own gene. The structure is very similar to that of bacterial RHH proteins despite the low sequence similarity, such as CopG, a bacterial plasmid copy number control regulator. A Sulfolobus islandicus coded transcription activator, Sta1, has also been shown to activate transcription of several viral genes.

Enoyl-CoA hydratase short chain has been confirmed to interact with STAT3, such that ECHS1 specifically represses STAT3 activity by inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation. STAT3 can act as both an oncogene and a tumor suppressor. ECHS1 itself has shown to occur in many cancers, particularly in hypatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development; both exogenous and endogenous forms of ECHS1 bind to HBs and induce apoptosis as a result. This means that ECHS1 may be used in the future as a therapy for patients with HBV-related hepatitis or HCC.

There are two main DNA-damage-signaling pathways that shelterin represses: the ATR kinase pathway, blocked by POT1, and the ATM kinase pathway, blocked by TRF2. In the ATR kinase pathway, ATR and ATRIP sense the presence of single-stranded DNA and induce a phosphorylation cascade that leads to cell cycle arrest. To prevent this signal, POT1 "shelters" the single-stranded region of telomeric DNA. The ATM kinase pathway, which starts from ATM and other proteins sensing double strand breaks, similarly ends with cell cycle arrest.

The only known mutation that has been implicated in the disease is in the N-terminal region of the protein huntingtin (htt). It has been reported that htt directly interacts with HATs and represses the catalytic activity of p300/CBP and PCAF in vitro. The human premature aging syndrome Hutchinson Gilford progeria is caused by a mutational defect in the processing of lamin A, a nuclear matrix protein. In a mouse model of this condition, recruitment of repair proteins to sites of DNA damage is delayed.

Following DNA damage, the SOS response represses transcription of SymR RNA, allowing SymE toxin to degrade potentially damaged mRNA until DNA has been repaired. Conversely, SymE is tightly repressed by LexA repressor binding sites, SymR, and the Lon protease. These three factors are present at multiple levels where LexA is involved in transcription downregulation, SymR RNA is involved in translation downregulation, and Lon protease is involved in protein degradation. The extent of repression on SymE is dependent on the additive power of LexA, SymR, and Lon protease.

Loops within the chromosome bring HOTTIP closer to its targets; this allows HOTTIP to bind to WDR5/MLL protein complexes to aid in trimethylation of lysine 4 of histone 3. HOTAIR is a long non-coding RNA that assists in regulating the HoxD genes. It is produced in the HoxC cassette, near the divide between expressed and unexpressed genes, and represses HoxD genes. HOTAIR acts by attaching to Suz12 in the PRC2 complex, and then guides this complex to the genes to be repressed.

The splicing of mRNA can induce its translation and functionally diversify the repertoire of proteins it encodes. The Zeb2 mRNA, which has a particularly long 5’UTR, requires the retention of a 5’UTR intron that contains an internal ribosome entry site for efficient translation. However, retention of the intron is dependent on the expression of an antisense transcript that complements the intronic 5’ splice site. Therefore, the ectopic expression of the antisense transcript represses splicing and induces translation of the Zeb2 mRNA during mesenchymal development.

The protein encoded by SON gene binds to a specific DNA sequence upstream of the upstream regulatory sequence of the core promoter and second enhancer of human hepatitis B virus (HBV). Through this binding, it represses HBV core promoter activity, transcription of HBV genes, and production of HBV virions. The protein shows sequence similarities with other DNA-binding structural proteins such as gallin, oncoproteins of the MYC family, and the oncoprotein MOS. It may also be involved in protecting cells from apoptosis and in pre-mRNA splicing.

Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZEB1 gene. ZEB1 (previously known as TCF8) encodes a zinc finger and homeodomain transcription factor that represses T-lymphocyte-specific IL2 gene expression by binding to a negative regulatory domain 100 nucleotides 5-prime of the IL2 transcription start site. ZEB1 and its mammalian paralog ZEB2 belongs to the Zeb family within the ZF (zinc finger) class of homeodomain transcription factors. ZEB1 protein has 7 zinc fingers and 1 homeodomain.

BHLHE41 has been shown to represses myogenic differentiation by inhibiting MyoD activity through multiple mechanisms. When BHLHE41 dimerizes with MyoD and E47, it prevents the formation of MyoD-E47 heterodimers, which are functional. When BHLHE41 is sumoylated at K240 and K255, it recruits the histone methyltransferase G9a. G9a then catalyzes repressive histone 3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) at promoter sites of target genes of MyoD. G9a also methylates MyoD, which inhibits MyoD's transcriptional activity. BHLHE41 and BHLHE40 are transcriptional targets of SREBP-1 (also known as ADD-1) isoforms SREBP-1a and SREBP-1c.

In 10% of cases, an XX male does not have the SRY gene, causing variations in their levels of masculinity. The exact cause of this condition is unknown but it has been proposed that mutations in the SOX9 gene may contribute to this syndrome since SOX9 plays a role in testes differentiation during development. Another proposed cause is mutations to the DAX1 gene which encodes a nuclear hormone receptor. DAX1 represses masculinizing genes, therefore, if there is a loss of function of DAX1 then testes can develop in an XX individual.

Beclometasone is mainly a glucocorticoid. Glucocorticoids are corticosteroids that bind to the glucocorticoid receptor that is present in almost every vertebrate animal cell. The activated glucocorticoid receptor-glucocorticoid complex up- regulates the expression of anti-inflammatory proteins in the nucleus (a process known as transactivation) and represses the expression of proinflammatory proteins in the cytosol by preventing the translocation of other transcription factors from the cytosol into the nucleus (transrepression). Glucocorticoids are part of the feedback mechanism in the immune system which reduces certain aspects of immune function, such as inflammation.

Among them smaug dependent expression of miR-309 is needed for destabilization of 410 maternal mRNA. In smaug mutants almost 85% of maternal mRNA is found to be stable. Smaug also bind to 3′ untranslated region (UTR) elements known as SMG response elements (SREs) on nanos mRNA and represses its expression by recruiting a protein called Cup (an eIF4E-binding protein that blocks the binding of eIF4G to eIF4E). There after it recruits deadenylation complex CCR4-Not on to the nanos mRNA which leads to deadenylation and subsequent decay of the mRNA.

The three pocket proteins are Retinoblastoma (Rb), p107, and p130, which bind to the E2F transcription factors to prevent progression past the G1 checkpoint. The E2F gene family contains some proteins with activator mechanisms and some proteins with repressing mechanisms. P107 and p130 act as co-repressors for E2F 4 and E2F 5, which work to repress transcription of G1-to-S promoting factors. The third pocket protein, Rb, binds to and represses E2F 1, E2F 2, and E2F 3, which are the E2F proteins with activating abilities.

The termination of the replication sequence has not been identified, yet, though there is evidence supporting that Rep also represses its own promoter, Prep. The ORF2 region encodes Cap, which differs slightly between PCV-1 and PCV-2. This variation within PCV may explain why PCV-1 is non-pathogenic, while PCV-2 is pathogenic. The promoter for this protein is located within ORF1, within the site where Rep' is truncated, and is splice from the same exon to the starting point of the ORF2 coding region and expressed during both early and late phases.

One relationship of John's was with a woman named Hannah, who became a major part of his life and even moved in with him, but eventually left him due to Rayne's antics. John's temptations are represented by a small Darth Vader, a parody of the shoulder devil cliché. The Darth Vader character frequently appears, not only to tempt him, but also to voice the darker thoughts that John represses. As of 2015, he moved from Rayne's apartment to a new house to start a family with his girlfriend Laura, whom he met in 2013.

HHV Infected Cell Polypeptide 0 (ICP0) gene is expressed very early during lytic infection, and for this reason is called an immediate-early Herpes gene. In 1991, Farrell and colleagues reported that the 2.0-kb LAT intron terminates at the 5′ end with a 750-base antisense RNA complement for the ICP0 gene. In 2005, Qing-Yin Wang and colleagues from Harvard Medical School concluded, using assays comparing LAT-negative vs. LAT-positive virus strains, that expression of LAT in neurons represses the expression of several lytic gene products, including ICP4 and Thymidine Kinase.

Another well-characterized example in yeast is MDF1, which both represses mating efficiency and promotes vegetative growth, and is intricately regulated by a conserved antisense ORF. In plants, the first de novo gene to be functionally characterized was QQS, an Arabidopsis thaliana gene identified in 2009 that regulates carbon and nitrogen metabolism. The first functionally characterized de novo gene identified in mice, a noncoding RNA gene, was also described in 2009. In primates, a 2008 informatic analysis estimated that 15/270 primate orphan genes had been formed de novo.

Sgo2 remains in subtelomeres, whose cells lack telomere DNA and plays a major role in creating knobs, which is a highly concentrated chromatin body. Sgo2 increases the gene expression of subtelomeres, but it does not increase gene expression in other Sgo2 cells. Sgo2 increases gene expressions that have to do with transcription and histone configurations by Sgo2 forms a new chromatin repressor for telomere gene expression that is different from the H3K9me3- Swi6-mediated heterochromatin. Sgo2 represses subtelomeres replication by suppressing Sld3, a replication factor, at the start of the replication.

It is based on some simple premises: all citizens are born with the right to choose their own leaders, to define their own destiny, to speak freely, to organize political parties, trade unions and non-governmental groups, and to have fair and open trials.” The 2006 report from Human Rights Watch states: “Cuba remains a Latin American anomaly: an undemocratic government that represses nearly all forms of political dissent. President Fidel Castro, now in his forty-seventh year in power, shows no willingness to consider even minor reforms.

In a rat, a painful learning experience, contextual fear conditioning, can result in a life-long fearful memory after a single training event. Cytosine methylation is altered in the promoter regions of about 9.17% of all genes in the hippocampus neuron DNA of a rat that has been subjected to a brief fear conditioning experience. The hippocampus is where new memories are initially stored. Methylation of CpGs in a promoter region of a gene represses transcription while methylation of CpGs in the body of a gene increases expression.

Brachiopods: Src expression is limited to the head region in brachipods and helps in the development of feeding appendages. Ubx is expressed in the thorax where it controls the development of swimming limbs. Isopods: Src expression is detected in both the head and the first thoracic segment (T1) in isopods and as a result, the swimming limb in T1 is transformed into a feeding appendage (the maxillipped). The posterior expansion of Src is possible by the loss of Ubx expression in T1 because Ubx normally represses Src expression.

Polistes atrimandibularis is a rare, obligate parasite that permanently invades the nest of the P. biglumis colonies. Its prevalence is highest in relatively cooler P. biglumis habitats in the Alps and is more scarce in their warmer habitats in the Apennines. The parasite wasp queen will invade the nest of the foundress host wasp during the pre-emergence phase when the nest is empty except for the foundress. The parasite wasp destroys all of the host eggs, and then represses the foundress's egg-laying capacity, cutting her productivity in half.

Myc also represses p15(Ink4b) and p21(Cip1), which are inhibitors of Cdk4 and Cdk2 respectively. When there is no TGF-B present, a repressor complex composed of Smad3, and the transcription factors E2F4 and p107 exist in the cytoplasm. However, when TGF-B signal is present, this complex localizes to the nucleus, where it associates with Smad4 and binds to the TGF-B inhibitory element (TIE) of the Myc promoter to repress its transcription. In addition to Myc, Smads are also involved in the downregulation of Inhibitor of DNA Binding (ID) proteins.

The Trial of the Thirty took place in 1894, at the issue of which almost all the defendants were acquitted. The term of lois scélérates has since entered popular language to design any harsh or injust laws, in particular anti-terrorism legislation which often broadly represses the whole of the social movements. The United Kingdom quickly became the last haven for political refugees, in particular anarchists, who were all conflated with the few who had engaged in bombings. Already, the First International had been founded in London in 1871, where Karl Marx had taken refuge.

In rice, photoperiodic response is slightly more complex and is controlled by the florigen genes Rice Flowering locus T 1 (RFT1) and Heading date 3 a (Hd3a). Hd3a, is a homolog of flowering locus t and, when no longer repressed, activates flowering by directing modification of DNA at the shoot apical meristem with florigen. Heading date 1 (Hd1) is a gene that promotes flowering under short day conditions but represses flowering under long day as it either activates or suppresses Hd3a. Meanwhile, RFT1 can cause flowering under non-inductive long day.

In Hox genes, long non-coding RNAs allow for communication between different Hox genes and different sets of Hox genes in order to coordinate body plan in the cell. One example of a long non-coding RNA that coordinates between Hox gene sets is HOTAIR, which is an RNA transcript produced in the HoxC cassette that represses transcription of a large number of genes in the HoxD cassette. Thus, HOTAIR regulates the HoxD genes from the HoxC genes in order to coordinate transcription of the Hox genes.Rinn, John L. et al.

In the stomach, it reduces activity of the digestive tract by inhibiting secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, bile, and colonic acid when in the presence of luminal nutrients; all of these secretions are needed for proper digestion. It also represses motor activity in the gut by blocking segmentation of the intestines, gallbladder contraction, and emptying of the bowels.This inhibition by somatostatin allows the body to uptake the maximum amount of nutrients in the digestive system. Along with the gut and pancreas, SSTR2 also inhibits secretion of neurotransmitters in the central and peripheral nervous system.

Ubx targets hundreds of different genes at different stages of morphogenesis including regulatory genes such as transcription factors, signalling components and terminal differentiation genes. Ubx has been shown to act upon long-range signaling molecules, as well as their target genes and subsequent genes further downstream. It has been shown to act at many levels of regulatory hierarchies, meaning Ubx can be used to as a signal more than once in the same regulatory hierarchy. Ubx represses selected Dpp (Decapentaplegic- activated) target genes in the anterior and posterior axis.

During chondrogenesis, HDAC7 is translocated to the cytosol to be degraded, indicating that generally HDAC7 represses β-catenin activity in chondrocytes. Another study supported the conclusion that HDAC7 and β-catenin associate together by demonstrating that HDAC7 controls endothelial cell growth through modulation of β-catenin. This was shown in the opposite way from the previous study, in that HDAC7 was overexpressed rather than removed. They found that overexpression of HDAC7 prevented nuclear translocation of β-catenin which then coincided with downregulation of the cell cycle regulator, cyclin D1.

Gene Result TDP-43 has been shown to bind both DNA and RNA and have multiple functions in transcriptional repression, pre-mRNA splicing and translational regulation. Recent work has characterized the transcriptome-wide binding sites revealing that thousands of RNAs are bound by TDP-43 in neurons. TDP-43 was originally identified as a transcriptional repressor that binds to chromosomally integrated trans-activation response element (TAR) DNA and represses HIV-1 transcription. It was also reported to regulate alternate splicing of the CFTR gene and the apoA-II gene.

Mitochondrial branched- chain amino acid aminotransferases are the more ubiquitous of the two isoforms, present in all tissues in the mitochondria of the cell. Pancreatic acinar tissue has been found to carry the highest levels of BCATm in the body In addition, two homologs to normal BCATm have been found. One homolog is found in placental tissue, and the other co-represses thyroid hormone nuclear receptors. BCATm is more sensitive to the redox environment of the cell, and can be inhibited by nickel ions even if the environment is reducing.

Factors regulating the formation of the intermediate mesoderm are not fully understood. It is believed that bone morphogenic proteins, or BMPs, specify regions of growth along the dorsal-ventral axis of the mesoderm and plays a central role in formation of the intermediate mesoderm. Vg1/Nodal signalling is an identified regulator of intermediate mesoderm formation acting through BMP signalling. Excess Vg1/Nodal signalling during early gastrulation stages results in expansion of the intermediate mesoderm at the expense of the adjacent paraxial mesoderm, whereas inhibition of Vg1/Nodal signalling represses intermediate mesoderm formation.

The principal role of SHP appears to be repression of other nuclear receptors through association to produce a non-productive heterodimer. The protein has also been identified as a mediating factor in the metabolic circadian clock Research shows that it interacts with retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors, inhibiting their ligand-dependent transcriptional activation. In addition, interaction with estrogen receptors has been demonstrated, leading to inhibition of function. Studies suggest that the protein represses nuclear hormone receptor-mediated transactivation via two separate steps: competition with coactivators and the direct effects of its transcriptional repressor function.

Also, active Wnt/beta-catenin pathway correlates with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients in the clinic. Similarly, TGF-β activates the expression of SNAIL and ZEB to regulate EMT in heart development, palatogenesis, and cancer. The breast cancer bone metastasis has activated TGF-β signaling, which contributes to the formation of these lesions. However, on the other hand, p53, a well-known tumor suppressor, represses EMT by activating the expression of various microRNAs – miR-200 and miR-34 that inhibit the production of protein ZEB and SNAIL, and thus maintain the epithelial phenotype.

Whitening in Brazil is a sociological term to explain the change in perception of one's race as a black or mixed race person rises in the class structure of Brazil. Racial whitening in Brazil is a social concept that is deeply rooted in the history of the nation. Similar to that of the United States, Brazil experienced massive colonization by Europeans and importation of Africans in the 18th and 19th century. This type of political and social climate inherently represses a group of people while one group dominated the other.

Arguing that the suburban, consumerist, nuclear family represses and devitalizes women, the book became an international bestseller and a watershed text in the feminist movement. According to Greer, McGraw-Hill paid $29,000 for the American rights and Bantam $135,000 for the paperback. The Bantam edition called Greer the "Saucy feminist that even men like", quoting Life magazine, and the book "#1: the ultimate word on sexual freedom". Demand was such when it was first published that it had to be reprinted monthly, and it has never been out of print.

Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds are teratogens that exert their effects through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in conjunction with the receptor's binding partner, aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT). The protein encoded by this gene represses signal transduction by the AhR by competing with the arylhydrocarbon receptor for binding to the ARNT. Expression of the repressor is stimulated by the receptor/translocator heterodimer, thereby regulating receptor function through a negative feedback mechanism. In addition, the encoded protein can bind to nuclear factor-kappa B. The AhRR gene may act as a tumor suppressor.

Ligands do not bind to NGFIB, so modulation occurs at the level of protein expression and posttranslational modification. Besides these, NR4A1 can mediate T cell function, the transcription factor NR4A1 is stably expressed at high levels in tolerant T cells. Overexpression of NR4A1 inhibits effector T cell differentiation, whereas deletion of NR4A1 overcomes T cell tolerance and exaggerates effector function, as well as enhancing immunity against tumor and chronic virus. Mechanistically, NR4A1 is preferentially recruited to binding sites of the transcription factor AP-1, where it represses effector gene expression by inhibiting AP-1 function.

The third thoracic segment, or T3, bears a pair of legs and a pair of halteres (highly reduced wings that function in balancing during flight). Ubx patterns T3 largely by repressing genes involved in wing formation. The wing blade is composed of two layers of cells that adhere tightly to one another, and are supplied with nutrient by several wing veins. One of the many genes that Ubx represses is blistered, which activates proteins involved in cell-cell adhesion, and spalt, which patterns the placement of wing veins.

Its expression is seen in the neural tube much later than other ID genes. ID4 was also shown to be involved in the regulation of cardiac mesoderm function in frog embryos and human embryonic stem cells. Ablation of the ID gene family mouse embryos showed failure of anterior cardiac progenitor specification and the development of heartless embryos. This study also demonstrated that ID4 protein is involved in the regulating cardiac cell fate by a pathway which represses two inhibitors of cardiogenic mesoderm formation (TCF3 and FOXA2) whilst activating inducers (EVX1, GRRP1, and MESP1).

The SIX homeobox 3 (SIX3) gene is crucial in embryonic development by providing necessary instructions for the formation of the forebrain and eye development. SIX3 is a transcription factor that binds to specific DNA sequences, controlling whether the gene is active or inactive. Activity of the SIX3 gene represses Wnt1 gene activity which ensures development of the forebrain and establishes the proper anterior posterior identity in the mammalian brain. By blocking Wnt1 activity, SIX3 is able to prevent abnormal expansion of the posterior portion of the brain into the anterior brain area.

Hepatitis B virus PRE 1151–1410 (HBV post-transcriptional regulatory element, nucleotides 1151–1410) is a part of 500 base pair long HBV PRE, that has been proposed to be the hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA export element. However, the function is controversial and new regulatory elements have been predicted within PRE. PRE 1151–1410 enhances nuclear export of intronless transcripts and represses the splicing mechanism to a comparable degree to that of the full-length PRE. Hence it was proposed to be the core HBV PRE element.

The domain of function on this gene is known as the KRAB (Kruppel-associated box) domain - A box and it spans from amino acid 7 to 47. It is a transcription repression domain within the zinc finger proteins subgroup of the KRAB-ZFPs family. The KRAB domain interacts with and recruits other proteins and corepressors and then represses transcription. The mechanism appears to be the following: the KRBA proteins via their KRAB domain recruit the repressor KAP1 (KRAB-associated protein-1, also known as transcription intermediary factor 1 beta , KRAB-A interacting protein).

Transcription factors and methylated cytosines in DNA both have major roles in regulating gene expression. (Methylation of cytosine in DNA primarily occurs where cytosine is followed by guanine in the 5’ to 3’ DNA sequence, a CpG site.) Methylation of CpG sites in a promoter region of a gene usually represses gene transcription, while methylation of CpGs in the body of a gene increases expression. TET enzymes play a central role in demethylation of methylated cytosines. Demethylation of CpGs in a gene promoter by TET enzyme activity increases transcription of the gene.

Repressor LexA or LexA is a transcriptional repressor () that represses SOS response genes coding primarily for error-prone DNA polymerases, DNA repair enzymes and cell division inhibitors. LexA forms de facto a two-component regulatory system with RecA, which senses DNA damage at stalled replication forks, forming monofilaments and acquiring an active conformation capable of binding to LexA and causing LexA to cleave itself, in a process called autoproteolysis. DNA damage can be inflicted by the action of antibiotics, bacteriophages, and UV light. Of potential clinical interest is the induction of the SOS response by antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin.

Cell death abnormality gene 9 (CED-9), also known as apoptosis regulator CED-9, is a gene found in Caenorhabditis elegans that inhibits/represses programmed cell death (apoptosis). The gene was discovered while searching for mutations in the apoptotic pathway after the discovery of the apoptosis promoting genes CED-3 and CED-4. The gene gives rise to the apoptosis regulator CED-9 protein found as an Integral membrane protein in the mitochondrial membrane. The protein is homologous to the human apoptotic regulator Bcl-2 as well as all other proteins in the Bcl-2 protein family.

She was played by seven-year-old Ashley Johnson. A 1993 secret history storyline on All My Children established that lead character Erica Kane had been raped immediately before the series' 1970 debut. In this retcon, Erica represses all memory of the assault until 16-year-old Kendall Hart, the child conceived during the rape and put up for adoption by Erica, appears in 1993. Viewer reaction to the discrepancy created by Erica having a 16-year-old daughter as the result of a 24-year-old rape prompted the series to immediately adjust Kendall's age to 23.

After olfactory neurons depolarize in response to an odorant, the G-protein mediated second messenger response activates adenylyl cyclase, increasing cyclic AMP (cAMP) concentration inside a cell, which then opens a cyclic nucleotide gated cation channel. The influx of Ca2+ ions through this channel triggers olfactory adaptation immediately because Ca2+/calmodulin- dependent protein kinase II or CaMK activation directly represses the opening of cation channels, inactivates adenylyl cyclase, and activates the phosphodiesterase that cleaves cAMP. These series of actions by CaMK, desensitizes olfactory receptors to prolonged odorant exposure. An ORN or an Olfactory Receptor Neuron alert goes off to detect the smell.

Transcription of the period (Per) and cryptochrome (Cry) genes cannot proceed until CLOCK and BMAL1 have dimerized and bound to the E-box element, a process initiated by CREB-binding protein (CPB). Once bound to the E-box elements of per and cry, successful production of mRNA transcripts occurs and the proteins PER and CRY are synthesized. PER and CRY then dimerize and repress the transcription of the gene Rev-Erb, the protein product of which, REV-ERB, represses transcription of Bmal. The repression of BMAL in vivo prevents the transactivation of Per-Cry, thereby completing the cycle in just over 24 hours.

Nicholas is a religious zealot, Edward a cold-blooded killer, and Alec is the squeamish product of a culture that prohibits or represses everything enjoyed by humans in the past, including religion, sex, and violence. The Facilitator Joseph is reviving his "father", the ancient Enforcer cyborg Budu, as the 24th century opens. To him, Alec Checkerfield represents his nemesis and the one responsible for the downfall of Mendoza, who he regards as a daughter. As Budu re-assembles his shattered body, Joseph plunders the archives of Dr. Zeus, learning about the Adonai project which created Alec, Nicholas and Edward.

William Shakespeare's work was suppressed in this history, although Thomas Kyd's original text of Hamlet has survived, and is still performed in 1976 (albeit only in New England). Shelley lived until 1853, at which point he set fire to Castel Gandolfo outside Rome and perished. By contrast, Mozart, Beethoven, Blake, Hockney and Holman Hunt have allowed their talents to submit to religious authority. Edward Bradford argues that the choice of authors and musicians here is not meant to imply Amis's own preferences, but questions the value of art subordinated to a destructive ideology that represses sexual freedom and human choice.

Setdb1 appears to be necessary to maintain both MyoD expression and also genes that are specific to muscle tissues because reduction of Setdb1 expression results in a severe delay of myoblast differentiation and determination. In Setdb1 depleted myoblasts that are treated with exogenous MyoD, myoblastic differentiation is successfully restored. In one model of Setdb1 action on MyoD, Setdb1 represses an inhibitor of MyoD. This unidentified inhibitor likely acts competitively against MyoD during typical cellular proliferation. Evidence for this model is that reduction of Setdb1 results in direct inhibition of myoblast differentiation which may be caused by the release of the unknown MyoD inhibitor.

In 2006, DC-SCRIPT was isolated and characterized in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mo-DCs). DC-SCRIPT contains a DNA-binding domain (11 C2H2 zinc (Zn) fingers), flanked by a proline-rich and an acidic region, which can interact with C-terminal-binding protein 1 (CtBP1), a global corepressor. In the immune system of both mice and humans, DC-SCRIPT was found to be specifically expressed in dendritic cells (DCs). In COS-1 cells, DC-SCRIPT was shown to interact with the estrogen receptor DNA-binding domain (ERDBD) and represses ER activity through the association with RIP140, CtBP and histone deacetylases.

For example, the downregulation of the expression of proneural gene ngn2 in the spinal cord represses oligodendrocyte differentiation. In the context of restricted glial progenitors, proneural genes might have functions that are distinct from their better-characterized role in lineage specification, perhaps in the differentiation of glial lineages. Sun and colleagues showed that proneural ngn1 inhibits gliogenesis by binding transcriptional co-activators like CBP/Smad1 or p300/Smad1 preventing the transcription of glialdifferentiation genes. On the other hand, the Notch signaling pathway is capable of promoting gliogenesis in stem cells through the inhibition of proneural genes, such as mash1 and neurogenins.

This includes inhibitory effects on lymphocyte proliferation, as in the treatment of lymphomas and leukemias, and the mitigation of side effects of anticancer drugs. Glucocorticoids affect cells by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor. The activated glucocorticoid receptor-glucocorticoid complex up-regulates the expression of anti-inflammatory proteins in the nucleus (a process known as transactivation) and represses the expression of proinflammatory proteins in the cytosol by preventing the translocation of other transcription factors from the cytosol into the nucleus (transrepression). Glucocorticoids are distinguished from mineralocorticoids and sex steroids by their specific receptors, target cells, and effects.

BMP7 also has the potential for treatment of chronic kidney disease. Kidney disease is characterized by derangement of the tubular architecture by both myofibroblast buildup and monocyte infiltration Because endogenous BMP-7 is an inhibitor of the TGF-β signaling cascade that induces fibrosis, the use of exogenous recombinant BMP-7 (rhBMP-7) could be a viable treatment of chronic kidney disease. It is also thought that BMP-7 reverses fibrosis and EMT through reduction in monocyte infiltration into inflamed tissue. On a molecular level, BMP-7 represses inflammation by knocking down the expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by monocytes.

Since the very first volume, the narrator keeps appointments with his psychiatrist regularly and tells him about his adventures with the kangaroo. The psychiatrist interprets the existence of the kangaroo as a hallucination of the narrator until he brings the kangaroo to an appointment. On the strength of that, the psychiatrist has a nervous breakdown, undergoes medical treatment himself, represses the existence of the kangaroo and keeps trying to convince the I-narrator of its nonexistence. The fact that the psychiatrist rips diverse statements of the I-narrator out of its context and interprets them as romantic advances becomes another running gag.

The hysteric is not interested in sexuality, rather she wants to be taken care of as if she was a young child. She suddenly sees the man as a rejecting object because of his sexual response to her, and this represses her libidinal ego which is instantly replaced by her antilibidinal ego. He now appears to be identical to her father, and her antilibidinal ego emerges and it is ready to do battle with the rejecting object. Her her inner template of an exciting man who has a rejecting side based on his desire for sexuality, is confirmed once again.

During MZT, zygotic genome activation regulates maternal mRNAs, but the molecular effectors of this regulation were a mystery. Giraldez and collaborators identified a conserved microRNA, miR-430 which represses, deadenylates, and clears ≈20% of maternal mRNAs2. MiR-430 is a large microRNA family that is conserved in other vertebrates: miR-427 in Xenopus and miR-290-295/302 in mouse and humans. This work, which was reported in the journal Science in 2005 and 2006, revealed the importance of miRNAs generally in different aspects of embryonic development and revealed a novel mechanism of miRNA-mediated regulation known as deadenylation.

Qrr (Quorum regulatory RNA) is a non-coding RNA that is thought to be involved in the regulation of quorum sensing in Vibrio species. It is believed that these RNAs, guided by a protein, Hfq, can mediate the destabilisation of the quorum-sensing master regulators LuxR/HapR/VanT mRNAs. Qrr operates as part of a negative feedback loop which regulates the shift in cell state from that of low density populations to that in high density populations. In Vibrio harveyi, Qrr binds and represses expression of the luxR mRNA transcript, a master regulator of quorum-sensing genes.

In eukaryote cells, RNA polymerase III (also called Pol III) transcribes DNA to synthesize ribosomal 5S rRNA, tRNA and other small RNAs. The genes transcribed by RNA Pol III fall in the category of "housekeeping" genes whose expression is required in all cell types and most environmental conditions. Therefore, the regulation of Pol III transcription is primarily tied to the regulation of cell growth and the cell cycle, thus requiring fewer regulatory proteins than RNA polymerase II. Under stress conditions however, the protein Maf1 represses Pol III activity. Rapamycin is another Pol III inhibitor via its direct target TOR.

This means that the text represses its real (or latent) content behind obvious (manifest) content. The process of changing from latent to manifest content is known as the dream work, and involves operations of concentration and displacement. The critic analyzes the language and symbolism of a text to reverse the process of the dream work and arrive at the underlying latent thoughts. The danger is that 'such criticism tends to be reductive, explaining away the ambiguities of works of literature by reference to established psychoanalytic doctrine; and very little of this work retains much influence today'.

This gene encodes a TBP- (TATA box-binding protein) associated phosphoprotein that represses both basal and activated levels of transcription. The encoded protein is phosphorylated in vivo and this phosphorylation affects its interaction with TBP. This protein contains a histone fold motif at the amino terminus, a TBP-binding domain, and a glutamine- and alanine-rich region. The binding of DR1 repressor complexes to TBP-promoter complexes may establish a mechanism in which an altered DNA conformation, together with the formation of higher order complexes, inhibits the assembly of the preinitiation complex and controls the rate of RNA polymerase II transcription.

Shortly after François Jacob and Jacques Monod developed their first model of gene regulation, Goodwin proposed the first model of a genetic oscillator, showing that regulatory interactions among genes allowed periodic fluctuations to occur. Shortly after this model became published, he also formulated a general theory of complex gene regulatory networks using statistical mechanics. In its simplest form, Goodwin's oscillator involves a single gene that represses itself. Goodwin equations were originally formulated in terms of conservative (Hamiltonian) systems, thus not taking into account dissipative effects that are required in a realistic approach to regulatory phenomena in biology.

The Escherichia coli-derived Tet-R repressor can be used in line with a conventional reporter gene and can be controlled by tetracycline or doxicycline (Tet-R inhibitors). Thus the expression of Tet-R is controlled by the standard two-hybrid system but the Tet-R in turn controls (represses) the expression of a previously mentioned reporter such as HIS3, through its Tet-R promoter. Tetracycline or its derivatives can then be used to regulate the sensitivity of a system utilising Tet-R. Sensitivity may also be controlled by varying the dependency of the cells on their reporter genes.

Some argue that African women are the first feminists, were already deeply engaged at the 1985 Women's' Conference, and have long been recognizing each other's contributions. Others feel African feminism became necessary in part due to white Western feminism's exclusion of the experiences of the black woman and the continental African woman. White Western feminisms does not take into account the particular issues black women face at the intersection of both their blackness and their womanhood. Currently, white feminism often classifies African women as "women of color," which groups and thereby represses the African woman's historical trajectory and specific experience.

Interaction between TCR of double positive T cell and MHC I molecule leads to loss of CD4 expression and double positive T cell becomes CD8 single positive T cell, conversely, engagement of MHC II molecule leads to the development into CD4 single positive T cell. It was also described that CD8/CD4 restriction is influenced by transcription factors Runx3, in the case of CD8 restriction, and Th-POK which directs the development into CD4 T cell lineage and represses the expression of Runx3. More than 90% of double positive T cells are unable to reach this interaction and they die by neglect.

As stated before, upon infection, phage P2 can enter into either lytic or lysogenic cycle. The lytic/lysogenic decision upon infection depends on which promoter takes command, the lysogenic promoter Pc or the promoter Pe that controlled genes responsible for lytic cycle. Pc and Pe are located face-to-face, and they are mutually exclusive. The Pe promotor directs transcription of the Cox protein that represses the Pc promoter and thereby prevents lysogenization, and the Pc promoter directs the C repressor transcription which down regulates Pe.Yu, A. and E. Haggård-Ljungquist, The Cox protein is a modulator of directionality in bacteriophage P2 site-specific recombination.

Although about a dozen ARID proteins can be identified from database searches, to date, only Bright (a regulator of B-cell-specific gene expression), dead ringer (a Drosophila melanogaster gene product required for normal development), and MRF-2 (which represses expression from the Cytomegalovirus enhancer) have been analyzed directly with regard to their DNA binding properties. Each binds preferentially to AT-rich sites. In contrast, p270 shows no sequence preference in its DNA binding activity, thereby demonstrating that AT-rich binding is not an intrinsic property of ARID domains and that ARID family proteins may be involved in a wider range of DNA interactions.

In 2017, his group showed that the tumor suppressor protein p53 represses the DPYD gene in 5-fluorouracil-treated cells and that tumor cells with mutated p53 have higher levels of DPYD thereby becoming resistant to 5-fluorouracil. DPYD is involved in the metabolism of 5-fluorouracil and patients with DPD-deficiency have predictable toxicity from 5-fluorouracil. El-Deiry advises adopting a healthy diet including cutting back on pro-inflammatory foods to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. He discusses in detail and endorses findings that tree nut consumption reduces the risk of recurrence and promotes improved survival in patients with stage III colon cancer.

Amina, meanwhile, has long ago guessed her husband's predilections, but represses her resentment and grief so intensely that she behaves almost willfully ignorant of the whole matter. The family provides the novel with its structure, since the plot is concerned with the lives and interrelationships of its members. However, the story is not set in isolation; indeed, the characters themselves are important mediators between issues of local or wider scope. For example, the theme of 'authority' (particularly its establishment and subversion) is woven into both the maturation of the children of the al- Jawad family and the wider political circumstances which provide the novel with its temporal boundaries.

Luna-C had requests for represses of the Kniteforce back catalogue, but the original plates had all been destroyed when the vinyl pressing plant the label used went bankrupt. In 2001 he decided to release a record on a new label called KFA Recordings, which was essentially a new style hardcore remix of both "Six Days" and "Take Me Away" by Jimmy J & Cru-L-T. As Luna-C no longer owned the rights to those names, he renamed them "Sicks Daze" and "Hand of Destiny". Around this time DJ Deluxe, a longtime Kniteforce fan, approached Luna-C about creating an official Kniteforce Records website.

DNMT3A is a de novo methyltransferase which can methylate previously unmethylated DNA, such as that of viral genomes. DNMT3A is recruited to viral genomes by viral proteins such as the Kaposi's Sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) protein LANA, and VP26 and VP5 in herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). Methylation of gene promoters represses gene expression, which has several functions in maintaining latency and even reactivation in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). In HSV and Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), the Latency-Associated Transcripts (LATs), which are non-coding RNAs, are thought to play an important role in recruiting host Polycomb proteins to lytic cycle-associated genes on the viral genome.

Gram positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis have a cAMP-independent catabolite repression mechanism controlled by catabolite control protein A (CcpA). In this alternative pathway CcpA negatively represses other sugar operons so they are off in the presence of glucose. It works by the fact that Hpr is phosphorylated by a specific mechanism, when glucose enters through the cell membrane protein EIIC, and when Hpr is phosphoralated it can then allow CcpA to block transcription of the alternative sugar pathway operons at their respective cre sequence binding sites. Note that E. coli has a similar cAMP- independent catabolite repression mechanism that utilizes a protein called catabolite repressor activator (Cra).

Known mechanisms of epigenetic change include DNA methylation, and methylation or acetylation of histone proteins bound to chromosomal DNA at specific locations. Classes of medications, known as HDAC inhibitors and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, can re-regulate the epigenetic signaling in the cancer cell. Epimutations include methylations or demethylations of the CpG islands of the promoter regions of genes, which result in repression or de- repression, respectively of gene expression. Review. Epimutations can also occur by acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation or other alterations to histones, creating a histone code that represses or activates gene expression, and such histone epimutations can be important epigenetic factors in cancer.

However, the title of the work suggests that there were other "forbidden pleasures" and he explores various ways of defying the norms of bourgeois behaviour. It is the product of an intensive period of literary production between April and June 1931, when Alfonso XIII abdicated and the Spanish Republic was proclaimed.Harris notes to Un río etc p 85 In "Diré cómo nacisteis", Cernuda launches a war cry against a society in decay that represses and imprisons people who transgress the social norms of love. And in the next poem, "Telarañas cuelgan de la razón", he sets up the other major mood of the collection, an elegiac mood of sorrow.

Additionally, NBPF1 contains three coiled coil structures are commonly involved in oligomerization with other proteins. Based on the interactions listed above, NBPF1 is shown to interact with the coiled coil domain of CBY1, which represses Wnt signaling. Aberrant Wnt signaling in the brain is a common cause of tumor growth and drug resistance in neuroblastomas, further suggesting that NBPF1 could act as a tumor suppressor gene in the brain if it directly affects this pathway. NBPF1 seems to be involved in proliferation during human neurogenesis, and growth suppression during adulthood, showing that the DUF1220 and coiled coil domains may be important during different life stages.

The play is a fictional device to examine the conflict experienced by a writer who is trying to portray a recognizable depiction of the human condition in a tyrannical world which systematically represses such expression. Bulgakov did receive a phone call from Stalin out of the blue at an earlier stage in his career in 1930 in which he was favoured with a new post. He knew that the dictator admired his work and followed his output. No formal collaboration between Stalin and Bulgakov existed but the figure of Stalin as a monster inside Bulgakov's mind existed, and this was reinforced physically through the NKVD.

The lysis-lysogeny decision is mainly influenced by the competition between Cro and CII, resulting in the determination of whether or not sufficient CI repressor is made. If so, CI represses the early promoters and the infection is shunted into the lysogenic pathway. N is an anti-termination factor that is needed for the transcription of the delayed early genes. # Delayed early genes: These include the replication genes O and P and also Q, which encodes the anti-terminator responsible for transcription of all the late genes. # Late genes: Q-mediated turn-on of late transcription begins about 6–8 min after infection if the lytic pathway is chosen.

The HPI upon which the genes encoding the Ybt biosynthesis proteins are located is controlled by a series of molecular regulators. All four promoter regions of the yersiniabactin region (psn, irp2, ybtA and ybtP) possess a Fur-binding site and are negatively regulated by this repressor in the presence of iron. In the presence of Ybt, a member of the AraC family of transcriptional regulators, activates expression from the psn, irp2 and ybtP (transport and biosynthetic genes) promoters but represses expression of its own promoter. There is also evidence that yersiniabactin itself may upregulate its own expression and that of psn/fyuA and ybtPQXS at the transcription level.

Connectome changes have long been suspected to be involved in the sensory pathophysiology and most recently a range of circuit alterations have been shown, involving structurally increased local connectivity and functionally decreased long-range connectivity. In addition, FMRP has been implicated in several signalling pathways that are being targeted by a number of drugs undergoing clinical trials. The group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) pathway, which includes mGluR1 and mGluR5, is involved in mGluR-dependent long term depression (LTD) and long term potentiation (LTP), both of which are important mechanisms in learning. The lack of FMRP, which represses mRNA production and thereby protein synthesis, leads to exaggerated LTD.

Sp3 transcription factor, also known as SP3, refers to both a protein and the gene it is encoded by. This gene belongs to a family of Sp1 related genes that encode transcription factors that regulate transcription by binding to consensus GC- and GT-box regulatory elements in target genes. This protein contains a zinc finger DNA-binding domain and several transactivation domains, and has been reported to function as a bifunctional transcription factor that either stimulates or represses the transcription of numerous genes. Transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene, and one has been reported to initiate translation from a non-AUG (AUA) start codon.

STAT6, IRF4, GATA3 are absolutely required for TH9 cell development and other such as PU.1, BATF, NF-κB, NFAT1, STAT5, AP-1 contribute to TH9 sub-population commitment and to IL-9 production. STAT6 is activated by signaling through IL-4 receptor. Once activated, phosphorylated STAT6 mediate the transcription of Gata3 and Irf4, which are both necessary for polarization of TH9 cells. STAT6 repress the expression of transcription factors T-bet and Foxp3 in TH9 cells, that normally block IL-9 production. GATA-3 in TH9 cells development represses transcriptional factor FOXP3, which would other wise let to other T helper cell subpopulation.

Theseus1 has been shown to regulate cell elongation in response to decreased cellulose synthesis. The most commonly described example of this is in coordination with the procuste1 mutant for decreased cellulose synthase activity (prc1-1). When prc1-1 is present, THE1 greatly inhibits cellular elongation; however, when a less- functional mutant of theseus1 was used in combination with prc1-1, the growth rate increased to somewhere between the natural growth rate and the THE1 repressed growth rate. This shows that while a cell is able to expand further with decreased cellulose levels, THE1 represses elongation because of the change in the rate of cellulose production.

She said that the song "gave me an opportunity to say the things that I felt about feminism today and about women in general in pop culture." Ratajkowski did not feel objectified and enjoyed performing in a sexual manner: the attention given to the nudity in the video, she said, shows that America has not advanced as far as it should have, and, she believes, society represses sexuality, which is bad for both sexes. "Blurred Lines", and Ratajkowski's associated video performance, was prominent beyond the sociopolitical controversies. The song became the number-one song of 2013 on music charts in many countries, including Canada, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom.

Endothelial cells use the Notch signaling pathway to coordinate cellular behaviors during the blood vessel sprouting that occurs sprouting angiogenesis. Activation of Notch takes place primarily in "connector" cells and cells that line patent stable blood vessels through direct interaction with the Notch ligand, Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4), which is expressed in the endothelial tip cells. VEGF signaling, which is an important factor for migration and proliferation of endothelial cells, can be downregulated in cells with activated Notch signaling by lowering the levels of Vegf receptor transcript. Zebrafish embryos lacking Notch signaling exhibit ectopic and persistent expression of the zebrafish ortholog of VEGF3, flt4, within all endothelial cells, while Notch activation completely represses its expression.

Similar models have been proposed in mammals, where strong epigenetic mechanisms are thought to underlie the embryonic expression profiles of the Hox genes that persist throughout human development. Indeed, the human Hox genes are associated with hundreds of ncRNAs that are sequentially expressed along both the spatial and temporal axes of human development and define chromatin domains of differential histone methylation and RNA polymerase accessibility. One ncRNA, termed HOTAIR, that originates from the HOXC locus represses transcription across 40 kb of the HOXD locus by altering chromatin trimethylation state. HOTAIR is thought to achieve this by directing the action of Polycomb chromatin remodeling complexes in trans to govern the cells' epigenetic state and subsequent gene expression.

The Drosophila embryonic protein SNAI1, commonly known as Snail, is a zinc finger transcriptional repressor which downregulates the expression of ectodermal genes within the mesoderm. The nuclear protein encoded by this gene is structurally similar to the Drosophila Snail protein, and is also thought to be critical for mesoderm formation in the developing embryo. At least two variants of a similar processed pseudogene have been found on chromosome 2. SNAI1 zinc-fingers (ZF) binds to E-box, an E-cadherin promoter region, and represses the expression of the adhesion molecule, which induces the tightly bound epithelial cells to break loose from each other and migrate into the developing embryo to become mesenchymal cells.

The psychodynamic nature of the daughter–mother relationship in the Electra complex derives from penis envy, caused by the mother, who also caused the girl's castration; however, upon re-aligning her sexual attraction to her father (heterosexuality), the girl represses the hostile female competition, for fear of losing the love of her mother. This internalization of "Mother" develops the super-ego as the girl establishes a discrete sexual identity (ego). Without a penis, the girl cannot sexually possess her mother, as the infantile id demands. Consequently, the girl redirects her desire for sexual union upon her father, and thus progresses to heterosexual femininity, which culminates in bearing a child who replaces the absent penis.

Two of those eight types: the coherent type 1 FFL (C1-FFL) (where all interactions are positive) and the incoherent type 1 FFL (I1-FFL) (A activates C and also activates B which represses C) are found much more frequently in the transcription network of E. coli and yeast than the other six types. In addition to the structure of the circuitry the way in which the signals from A and B are integrated by the C promoter should also be considered. In most of the cases the FFL is either an AND gate (A and B are required for C activation) or OR gate (either A or B are sufficient for C activation) but other input function are also possible.

A number of poor-quality illegal bootlegs of old B12 material began circulating in late 2004, claiming to be represses. Obviously not cut from the original plates (they were missing the etched messages in the run-out grooves), it is thought they were probably taken from recordings of the old vinyl, or ripped from CD. Whether or not this was the reason B12 reappeared is not known. In 2005, Golding and Rutter announced they were restarting B12 Records, and would be making available the complete back catalogue, remastered, on a 12 disc CD box set. They began playing live shows again, and a new Redcell track, titled "Back From The Edge" appeared on a limited CD series on Seed Records.

The gene targeting method in knockout mice uses mouse embryonic stem cells to deliver artificial genetic material (mostly of therapeutic interest), which represses the target gene of the mouse by the principle of homologous recombination. The mouse thereby acts as a working model to understand the effects of a specific mammalian gene. In recognition of their discovery of how homologous recombination can be used to introduce genetic modifications in mice through embryonic stem cells, Mario Capecchi, Martin Evans and Oliver Smithies were awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. Advances in gene targeting technologies which hijack the homologous recombination mechanics of cells are now leading to the development of a new wave of more accurate, isogenic human disease models.

Band member Ray Collins had left the Mothers before the New York recording sessions took place, but later rejoined when the band was recording the doo-wop songs that formed the album Cruisin' with Ruben & the Jets. Gary Kellgren was hired as an engineer for the project, and subsequently wound up delivering whispered pieces of dialogue that linked segments of We're Only in It for the Money. During the recording sessions, Verve requested that Zappa remove a verse from the song "Mother People". Zappa complied, but reversed the recording and included the backwards verse as part of the dialogue track "Hot Poop", concluding the album's first side, but this would be removed by Verve themselves on subsequent represses of their own.

TCF21 is expressed in mesodermal cells in the proepicardial organ that give rise to coronary artery smooth muscle cells (SMC) and loss of TCF21 results in increased expression of smooth muscle markers by cells on the heart surface consistent with premature SMC differentiation. This suggests that early expression of TCF21 is important for expansion of the SMC compartment of the coronary circulation, with persistent TCF21 expression being required for cardiac fibroblast development. Male TCF21 knockout mice, which die at birth due to respiratory failure, are reported to have feminized genitalia, implicating TCF21 in mouse gonadal development/differentiation. TCF21 transcriptionally represses steroidogenic factor 1 (Sf1), a gene expression regulator that mediates sexual differentiation and is involved in coordinating cell fate decisions in gonadal progenitors.

A double-sided retinoic acid gradient, that is high in the trunk and low at the junction with the head and tail, represses FGF8 in the developing trunk to allow normal somitogenesis, forelimb bud initiation, and formation of the atria in the heart. During exposure to excess ATRA, the hindbrain becomes enlarged, hindering the growth of other parts of the brain; other developmental abnormalities that can occur during excess ATRA are missing or fused somites, and problems with the aorta and large vessels within the heart. With an accumulation of these malformations, an individual can be diagnosed with DiGeorge syndrome. However, since ATRA partakes in various developmental processes, abnormalities associated with loss of ATRA are not just limited to sites associated with DiGeorge syndrome.

IFRD1 is a positive cofactor of MyoD, as it cooperates with MyoD at inducing the transcriptional activity of MEF2C (by displacing HDAC4 from MEF2C); moreover IFRD1 also represses the transcriptional activity of NF-κB, which is known to inhibit MyoD mRNA accumulation. NFATc1 is a transcription factor that regulates composition of fiber type and the fast-to-slow twitch transition resulting from aerobic exercise requires the expression of NFATc1. MyoD expression is a key transcription factor in fast twitch fibers which is inhibited by NFATc1 in oxidative fiber types. NFATc1 works to inhibit MyoD via a physical interaction with the MyoD N-terminal activation domain resulting in inhibited recruitment of the necessary transcriptional coactivator p300. NFATc1 physically disrupts the interaction between MyoD and p300.

The miR-92 family is evolutionally conserved microRNAs, and has an ortholog in Caenorhabditis elegans, which has been extensively used as a model organism in the area of developmental biology. mir-235, the miR-92 ortholog in C. elegans, acts in the hypodermis and glial cells to maintain the quiescent state in both neuroblasts and mesoblasts until nutritional state becomes favorable, meaning that mir-235 couples stem cell behaviors to nutritional condition. Furthermore, mir-235 directly represses the expression of nhr-91, which is an ortholog of mammalian germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF), to keep stem cell quiescent. The expression of mir-235 is regulated by the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling (IIS) pathway in respond to nutritional state.

Because Nrf2 activation leads to a coordinated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response, and Keap1 represses Nrf2 activation, Keap1 has become a very attractive drug target. A series of synthetic oleane triterpenoid compounds, known as antioxidant inflammation modulators (AIMs), are being developed by Reata Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and are potent inducers of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, blocking Keap1-dependent Nrf2 ubiquitination and leading to the stabilization and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and subsequent induction of Nrf2 target genes. The lead compound in this series, bardoxolone methyl (also known as CDDO-Me or RTA 402), was in late-stage clinical trials for the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and showed an ability to improve markers of renal function in these patients.

The philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre challenged Freud's theory by maintaining that there is no "mechanism" that represses unwanted thoughts. Since "all consciousness is conscious of itself" we will be aware of the process of repression, even if skilfully dodging an issue. The philosopher Thomas Baldwin stated in The Oxford Companion to Philosophy (1995) that Sartre's argument that Freud's theory of repression is internally flawed is based on a misunderstanding of Freud. The philosopher Roger Scruton argued in Sexual Desire (1986) that Freud's theory of repression disproves the claim, made by Karl Popper and Ernest Nagel, that Freudian theory implies no testable observation and therefore does not have genuine predictive power, since the theory has "strong empirical content" and implies testable consequences.

However, altered expression of microRNAs, causing DNA repair deficiencies, are frequently associated with cancers and may be an important causal factor. Among 68 sporadic colon cancers with reduced expression of the DNA mismatch repair protein MLH1, most were found to be deficient due to epigenetic methylation of the CpG island of the MLH1 gene. However, up to 15% of MLH1-deficiencies in sporadic colon cancers appeared to be due to over-expression of the microRNA miR-155, which represses MLH1 expression. In 29–66% of glioblastomas, DNA repair is deficient due to epigenetic methylation of the MGMT gene, which reduces protein expression of MGMT. However, for 28% of glioblastomas, the MGMT protein is deficient, but the MGMT promoter is not methylated.

Anissa (Revalina S. Temat) comes from patriarchal society revolving around kyais (religious leaders) and religious boarding schools. From childhood, Anissa has always been treated unfairly due to her gender. The only person who treats her right is her uncle, Khudori who encourages her and shows her that there is a different world outside where men are not viewed as superior and women are treated more equally. Anissa’s love for Khudori (Oka Antara), her uncle, went unanswered as Khudori still is closely related with her family despite not being a blood relative Khudori represses his feeling and goes to Cairo to continue his education. Khudori has always encouraged Anissa to continue her studies, however, Anissa’s father refuses, instead marrying her off to Samsudin (Reza Rahadian).

The archetype would be—to borrow from Kant—the noumenon of the image which intuition perceives and, in perceiving, creates." Jung differentiates introverted intuition and introverted sensation: "Whereas introverted sensation is mainly confined to the perception of particular innervation phenomena by way of the unconscious, and does not go beyond them, intuition represses this side of the subjective factor and perceives the image which has really occasioned the innervation. Supposing, for instance, a man is overtaken by a psychogenic attack of giddiness. Sensation is arrested by the peculiar character of this innervation/disturbance, perceiving all its qualities, its intensity, its transient course, the nature of its origin and disappearance in their every detail, without raising the smallest inquiry concerning the nature of the thing which produced the disturbance, or advancing anything as to its content.

In molecular biology, barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF) is a family of essential proteins that is highly conserved in metazoan evolution, and which may act as DNA-bridging proteins. BAF binds directly to double-stranded DNA, to transcription activators, and to inner nuclear membrane proteins, including lamin A filaments that anchor nuclear pore complexes in place, and nuclear LEM-domain proteins that bind to laminin filaments and chromatin. New findings suggest that BAF has structural roles in nuclear assembly and chromatin organization, represses gene expression and might interlink chromatin structure, nuclear architecture and gene regulation in metazoans. BAF can be exploited by retroviruses to act as a host component of pre-integration complexes, which promote the integration of the retroviral DNA into the host chromosome by preventing autointegration (integration into itself).

In molecular biology, the HdeA family of proteins (HNS (histone-like nucleoid structuring)-dependent expression A) is a stress response protein family found in highly acid resistant bacteria such as Shigella flexneri and Escherichia coli, but which is lacking in mildly acid tolerant bacteria such as Salmonella. HdeA is one of the most abundant proteins found in the periplasmic space of E. coli, where it is one of a network of proteins that confer an acid resistance phenotype essential for the pathogenesis of enteric bacteria. HdeA is thought to act as a chaperone, functioning to prevent the aggregation of periplasmic proteins denatured under acidic conditions. The HNS protein, a chromatin-associated protein that influences the gene expression of several environmentally-induced target genes, represses the expression of HdeA.

In the 3153A strain, a gene called SIR2 (for silent information regulator), which seems to be important for phenotypic switching, has been found. SIR2 was originally found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast), where it is involved in chromosomal silencing—a form of transcriptional regulation, in which regions of the genome are reversibly inactivated by changes in chromatin structure (chromatin is the complex of DNA and proteins that make chromosomes). In yeast, genes involved in the control of mating type are found in these silent regions, and SIR2 represses their expression by maintaining a silent-competent chromatin structure in this region.SIR2 gene overview The discovery of a C. albicans SIR2 implicated in phenotypic switching suggests it, too, has silent regions controlled by SIR2, in which the phenotype-specific genes may reside.

He saw the main difference between Marcuse and Brown as being that the former remained a historical materialist with a political emphasis, while the latter became an apolitical idealist. He believed that Marcuse and Brown's place in history is uncertain. The historian Russell Jacoby called Life Against Death one of the boldest efforts to revitalize psychoanalysis, but believed that the work failed to "disturb its theoretical sleep." The psychotherapist Myron Sharaf criticized Brown for misinterpreting Reich, writing that while Brown presents Reich's view as being that the pregenital stages would disappear if full genitality were established, Reich actually believed that society represses both pregenital and genital sexuality, leading to the failure of some persons to reach the genital level and the vulnerability of others to regress to pregenital levels.

The novel begins with a brief monologue by Ahmad on the condition of American youth as represented by the student body mingling in the corridors of his high school. He gets into a fight with an older boy named Tylenol who thinks Ahmad is flirting with his girlfriend Joryleen. While Ahmad has sexual impulses toward the girl, he represses them, as God instructs. Ahmad finds solace at his mosque (located in an abandoned dance studio above a bail bonds office) and in the study of the Qur'an under the guidance of his imam, Shaikh Rashid. He believes his conviction to be stronger than that of his teacher because of the Shaikh's tendency to interpret the Prophet Muhammad’s hadiths figuratively and to display traces of a skeptical mind-set.

The p19 protein binds to double- stranded RNAs that function as short interfering RNA (siRNA) and is specialized for the 21-nucleotide product of the enzyme DCL4 (a member of a family of plant enzymes with homology to Dicer). By binding to siRNA, p19 sequesters these species and prevents them from interacting with the RNA- induced silencing complex (RISC), a protein complex that mediates the antiviral RNA silencing mechanism in the cell. The p19 protein is also capable of binding to microRNA molecules that are endogenous to the host cell, as well as the siRNAs that are ultimately derived from the virus's own genome. Notably, an exception to this pattern is p19's inefficiency in interacting with the microRNA miR-168, a regulatory non-coding RNA that represses expression of argonaute-1 (AGO1).

In this way, Per and Cry inhibit their own transcription. In contrast, Millar's group found the TOC1 protein to be a negative regulator, and the plant clock to be better modeled as a repressilator—a system in which one gene represses another and is in turn repressed by the next, forming an interdependent, oscillating gene network. This finding was achieved through 1) Arabidopsis mutants with constitutive (always turned on) toc1 gene expression, which showed decreased mRNA abundance in both morning loop genes prr7 and 9, cca1, and lhy and evening loop genes gi and elf4; and 2) plants with mutations in toc1 and plants in which RNAi was used to knock out toc1. These mutants with no functional toc1 showed an advanced phase for lhy, suggesting less repression in the absence of TOC1 protein.

According to Clinton Heylin, "Though Dub's output [at TMQ] in the five years separating Great White Wonder from Tales from The Who had outstripped any of his competitors, TMQ's catalogue pales alongside what Ken and co. unleashed between 1974 and the end of 1976. One hundred-plus titles from the flagship label, The Amazing Kornyphone Record Label, were supplemented by represses of Smokin' Pig titles, thirty-two titles on TKRWM (The Kornyphone Records for the Working Man), a dozen double-albums on Singer's Original Double Discs (SODD), 20 releases on the Phonygraf label (Phonygraf ), and sixteen releases on Highway High Fi Collector's Edition Records (HHCER) (which regularly appeared with TAKRL or Smokin' Pig labels - just to add to the confusion)." The TAKRL label was active between 1974–1977.

Ablation of both talin isoforms, talin-2 and talin-1 prevented normal myoblast fusion and sarcomere assembly, as well as assembly of integrin adhesion complexes, which was attributed to disrupted interactions between integrins and the actin cytoskeleton. The mRNA expression of talin-2 has been shown to be regulated by the muscle-specific fragile X mental retardation, autosomal homolog 1 (FXR1) protein, which binds talin2 mRNAs directly and represses translation. Knockout of FXR1 upregulates talin-2 protein, which disrupts the architecture of desmosomes and costameres in cardiac muscle. Talin-2, like talin-1 appears to join ligand-bound integrins and the actin cytoskeleton, which enhances the affinity of integrins for the extracellular matrix and catalyzes focal adhesion-dependent signaling pathways, as well as reinforces the cytoskeletal-integrin structure in response to an applied force.

Expression of this hairy-like bHLH transcription factor, which represses Neurogenin but is required for Ascl1, is progressively lost from the caudal thalamus but maintained in the prethalamus and in the stripe of rostral thalamic cells. In addition, studies on chick and mice have shown that blocking the Shh pathway leads to absence of the rostral thalamus and substantial decrease of the caudal thalamus. The rostral thalamus will give rise to the reticular nucleus mainly whereby the caudal thalamus will form the relay thalamus and will be further subdivided in the thalamic nuclei. In humans, a common genetic variation in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter (the SERT-long and -short allele: 5-HTTLPR) has been shown to affect the development of several regions of the thalamus in adults.

The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) A/G variant, rs12731181, located in the Three prime untranslated region of PTGFR has been associated with increased risk for hypertension in individuals from southern Germany; while this association was not replicated in other European populations, it was found in a Korean population. This SNP variant reduces the binging of MicroRNA miR-590-3p to PTGFR; since this binding represses translation of this gene, the rs127231181 variant acts to increase expression of the FP receptor. PTGFR SNP variants rs6686438 and rs10786455s were associated with positive and SNP variants rs3753380, rs6672484, and rs11578155 in PTGFR were associated with negative responses to latanoprost for the treatment of Open-Angle Glaucoma in a Spanish population. PTGFR SNP variants rs3753380 and rs3766355 were associated with a reduce response to latanoprost in a Chinese population study.

Jones pursued her doctoral degree within the Department of Biomedical Sciences which is located in the College of Medicine at Florida State University. She was the first African American to earn a PhD from the Department of Biomedical Sciences at FSU, and the first member of her family to earn a PhD. During her doctoral studies, Jones worked under the guidance of Dr. Pradeep Bhide and Deirdre Mc Carthy where she completed a dissertation titled "Elucidating the Molecular Etiology of Levodopa Responsive Dystonia" and published a manuscript characterizing the "Translational Effects and Coding Potential of an Upstream Open Reading Frame Associated with DOPA Responsive Dystonia (DRD)". Her research investigated the cellular consequences of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) +142C>T, which introduces an upstream open reading frame (uORF) within the GCH1 gene and also represses GCH1 translation, which is involved in dopamine biosynthesis.

Results suggest that IRX3 and IRX5 are linked with obesity and determine body mass and composition. This is further supported by the fact that obesity-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms, in which cytosine is substituted for thymine, are involved in the expression of IRX3 and IRX5 (not FTO) in human brains. The enhanced expression of IRX3 and IRX5 resulting from this single nucleotide alteration promoted a shift from energy-dissipating beige adipocytes to energy-storing white adipocytes and a subsequent reduction in mitochondrial thermogenesis by a factor of 5. Another study found indications that the FTO allele associated with obesity represses mitochondrial thermogenesis in adipocyte precursor cells in a tissue- autonomous manner, and that there is a pathway for adipocyte thermoregulation which involves the proteine ARID5B, the single-nucleotide variant rs1421085, and the IRX3 and IRX5 genes.

The Mother Goose mainframe, Deadman Wonderland's supercomputer, plays a lullaby audible only to Shiro in order to repress the Wretched Egg and her murderous intents. Like Shiro, the Wretched Egg has feelings for Ganta, though hers border on lust: it was implied that she butchered Ganta's classmates so that he would be sent to Deadman Wonderland to be with her. Eventually, both the Shiro and the Wretched Egg personas fuse into her true self once the Mother Goose system's lullaby no longer represses her, and when she is finally alone with Ganta, she reveals the reason why she killed his classmates and implanted on him his Branch of Sin: because she wants to be killed by the only one she truly loved: Ganta. In the final battle, the crystals within Ganta and Shiro explode upon overusing their powers.

The identification of c4 antisense RNAs solved the mystery of the mechanism for regulation of the ant gene, which is an anti-repressor. The c4 antisense RNA has two regions, called a' and b' (see diagram), that are complementary to its targets. It has two targets, designated a1, b1 and a2, b2. The a1, b1 site is upstream of the c4 RNA, while the a2, b2 site is immediately downstream of it. The ant gene itself is immediately downstream of the a2, b2 target site. Binding of the a2, b2 site by the c4 antisense RNA represses the ant gene. The function of the a1, b1 site is unknown, but it was suggested that they might compete with the a2, b2 site for binding to c4 RNA. Bioinformatics analysis uncovered many homologs of the c4 antisense RNA that conserve the secondary structure originally proposed for it.

Melbourne: Trans Pacific Press, 2001. The suppressed expression of self is further expounded by the cultural practices revolving around family and marriage. The custom of living at home until marriage presents restrictions of LGBT life in Japan; the belief that one’s family will shame and disown a child who comes out as a sexual minority represses these children into living within a different frame of existence by forcing them to behave in the same manner as a heterosexual child. Along with this suppression, the lack of private space restricts the expression of feelings and self identity during times of growth, which in turn restrains attempts at finding love in the LGBT community. Along with these family issues the government’s refusal to acknowledge same-sex marriage forces gay, lesbian and bisexual people into an outcast position by society’s preference for marriage and family to which they are refused access.

Casey Brodsky (Drew Barrymore) has decided to divorce her parents and have her nanny, Maria Hernandez (Hortensia Colorado), appointed as Casey's legal guardian. It results in media attention, and her parents, Albert (Ryan O'Neal) and Lucy (Shelley Long) Brodsky, are both brought out of their respective self-absorbed lives and made to testify in court about their personal lives. At a truck stop in Indiana on the night of January 20th, 1973, film professor Albert Brodsky is hitchhiking across the country, where he gets picked up by Lucy van Patten, a woman who has ambitions of writing books, particularly for children, but her fiancé "Bink", a gruff Navy man, represses her, and she is depressed about being relegated to the life of a military wife. Through getting to know Albert, Lucy loosens her inhibitions, breaks off her engagement to Bink, and marries Albert shortly afterwards.

In the Ultimate Marvel universe, the Hulk (Bruce Banner) is a fictional character. Loosely based on the Marvel Universe character of the same name, he first appeared, in flashback, in Mark Millar and Bryan Hitch's Ultimates (1st series) #2 (April 2002). Although he did appear in a two-part story in Ultimate Marvel Team-Up, written by Brian Michael Bendis and drawn by Phil Hester, it is generally considered to be out of continuity due to conflicting designs and characters; however, references made in the first issues of The Ultimates and the Ultimate Origins could be taken to reconcile some of this. Whereas the Marvel Universe Hulks are characters in their own right, Millar's Ultimate Universe Hulk is intended purely as a mirror of Banner – a creature of pure rage and id, which simply incorporates the base emotions that Ultimate Banner represses, and amplifies them to absurd degrees.

The first Dread Zeppelin recording was meant to be a goof on Led Zeppelin's 45 single "Immigrant Song" and its sought-after non-LP B-Side "Hey Hey What Can I Do". Produced by Jah Paul Jo and Rasta Li-Mon (Lee Manning) and released on their indie Birdcage Records label, the single sold amazingly well and represses featured the seven inch 45 RPM in a rasta rainbow of colors: red (original), green, yellow, blue, white and clear vinyl. All early Dread Zeppelin recordings and most of the band's first album Un-Led-Ed were recorded at the home studio of Dave Stewart of Eurythmics, where Rasta Li-Mon was a house engineer. Dread Zeppelin at the Edwards Drive-In, Arcadia, CA 1989 After the success of "Immigrant Song," a second single, "Whole Lotta Love/Tour-telvis: A Bad Trip", was released on Birdcage Records.

As the series progresses further, the next, progressively smaller, ideological groups seek to repress these identifications and preferences in favor of dynamism, social change, logical thought and the pursuit of theory as a guide to decision-making, these being expressed politically in labourism, more overtly still in communism and then in an ultimate and extreme form in anarchism (or anarcho-socialism, the purist variety of it allegedly expounded by the SPGB). The more an ideology represses the preferences for family, tradition and so on in favour of social change, dynamism and the pursuit of theory as a guide to action, the fewer in number its adherents are likely to be, with anarchists (or anarcho-socialists) being the smallest of all. Those seeking radical social change, so the theory contends, will always be hampered and restrained by the enduring preferences of the largest ideological groups.

As with the Kantian sublime, the postmodern historical sublime is not the grasp of the sublime object itself but a kind of ironic awareness of the inaccessibility of the sublime object. There is a yearning that resembles the yearning for mystical knowledge at the core of the search for the historical sublime, and thus the concept ties contemporary historical fiction to a literary history (that of the historical novel), a type of historiography (postmodern, post-Annales historiography), and a spiritual questing. Elias argues that the postmodern imagination confronts the historical sublime rather than represses it; confronts it as repetition and deferral; seeks sublime History but simultaneously has lost faith in the storytelling needed to do so; and consequently has ties to, but reverses the dominant of, the traditional Anglo-American historical novel. The term "metahistorical romance" also builds upon work by Linda Hutcheon, whose term "historiographic metafiction" described the ironic stance of contemporary historical fiction.

A trans-activation response element (TAR) miRNA, coded for by the HIV virus, down-regulates ERCC1 protein expression. TAR miRNA allows ERCC1 mRNA to be transcribed, but acts at the p-body level to prevent translation of ERCC1 protein. (A p-body is a cytoplasmic granule “processing body” that interacts with miRNAs to repress translation or trigger degradation of target RNAs.) In breast cancer cell lines, almost one third (55/167) of miRNA promoters were targets for aberrant methylation (epigenetic repression). In breast cancers themselves, methylation of let-7a-3/let-7b miRNA in particular was found. This indicates that let-7a-3/let-7b can be epigenetically repressed. Repression of let-7a can cause repression of ERCC1 expression through an intermediary step involving the HMGA2 gene. The let-7a miRNA normally represses the HMGA2 gene, and in normal adult tissues, almost no HMGA2 protein is present. (See also Let-7 microRNA precursor.) Reduction or absence of let-7a miRNA allows high expression of the HMGA2 protein.

She attempts to help him out of his current circumstances, but he ends up betraying her and leaving Pine Valley. The 1993 arrival of Kendall Hart (Sarah Michelle Gellar) prompted the reveal that, prior to the series' debut, Erica had been raped at age 14 by Eric's friend, film star Richard Fields. Eric had allowed Richard, who had a "crush" on Erica, to be alone with her and had done nothing to prevent the rape from occurring. A revisitation of the event during Erica's 2004 alcohol intervention storyline introduced the fact Eric had actually offered up Erica for sex with Richard to convince the actor to star in one of Eric's films.All My Children July 5, 2004 episode. Erica represses all memory of the rape until 16-year-old Kendall, a child conceived by it and revealed to be Erica's first born daughter she gave up for adoption to the Harts, appears in 1993.Spence, p. 109.

Susan has inherited Death's perfect memory, which includes the ability to "remember the future", and an instinctive knowledge of the nature of Death's work, which gives her considerable assistance during her brief time doing her grandfather's job in Soul Music. In order to keep her from going insane, her mind represses much of the knowledge provided by this memory, but even so, parts of it occasionally permeate her consciousness, generally manifesting as premonitions or intuitive insights into forthcoming events. In Hogfather, she states that the fragmented nature of such foresight makes the power largely unhelpful. Like Death or experienced witches, Susan can make herself completely unnoticeable to ordinary people if she so chooses, though anyone who "can see what's really there", such as Albert or Mustrum Ridcully, who are used to such things, are still able to see her if they concentrate and she is not actively trying to avoid their specific notice.

Ladies in White demonstration in Havana (April 2012) The Cuban government has been accused of numerous human rights abuses including torture, arbitrary imprisonment, unfair trials, and extrajudicial executions (also known as "El Paredón"). Human Rights Watch has stated that the government "represses nearly all forms of political dissent" and that "Cubans are systematically denied basic rights to free expression, association, assembly, privacy, movement, and due process of law". In 2003, the European Union (EU) accused the Cuban government of "continuing flagrant violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms". It has continued to call regularly for social and economic reform in Cuba, along with the unconditional release of all political prisoners. The United States continues an embargo against Cuba "so long as it continues to refuse to move toward democratization and greater respect for human rights", though the UN General Assembly has, since 1992, passed a resolution every year condemning the ongoing impact of the embargo and claiming it violates the Charter of the United Nations and international law.

Functions of MTA1 are regulated by its post-translational modifications, modulating the roles of effector molecules, interacting with other regulatory proteins and chromatin remodeling machinery, and modulating the expression of target genes via interacting with the components of the NuRD complex including HDACs. MTA1 suppresses transcription of breast cancer type 1 susceptibility gene, PTEN, p21WAF, guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2, SMAD family member 7, nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1, and homeobox protein SIX3, and represses BCL11B as well as E-cadherin expression. MTA1 is a dual coregulatory as it stimulates the transcription of Stat3, breast cancer- amplified sequence 3, FosB, paired box gene 5, transglutaminase 2, myeloid differentiation primary response 88, tumor suppressorp14/p19ARF, tyrosine hydroxylase, clock gene CRY1, SUMO2, and Wnt1 and rhodopsin due to release of their transcriptional inhibition by homeodomain protein Six3, MTA1 interacts with ERα and coregulatory factors such as MAT1, MICoA, NRIF3 [55] and LMO4， [56], which inhibits ER transactivation activity. MTA1 also deacetylate its target proteins such as p53 and HIF and modulates their transactivation functions.

The researchers tested to see how the mechanism of PRB, p107, and p130 represses the E2F target genes and how P130 complex interacts with Dp, RB like, and other E2F transcription factors to help module DREAM in cell cycle arrest. The results showed that the E2F4 along with P130 and other transcription factors mediate the repression of the cell cycle from G1 cell to G0. If there is activation, S phase is going to bind E2F1/2/3 with other transcription factors to activate transcription in the cell cycle. C16orf86 could be important in cell cycle progression in the brain due to the E2F4 and the E2F1/2/3 transcription factors being located in its promoter sequence. This DNA microarray figure shows purified T98G Glioblastoma Cells that were cycled, G0 arrested, or released into S phase for 10 to 16 hours. The results showed change in gene expression for C16orf86 in glioblastoma cells that are in G0/G1. This DNA microarray experiment below uses the idea of Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip arrays with GWAS to figure out the DNA methylation profiles at day 3, day 8, and day 15 for skeletal myoblasts.

Importantly, different mono-phosphorylated forms of RB have distinct transcriptional outputs that are extended beyond E2F regulation. In general, the binding of pRb to E2F inhibits the E2F target gene expression of certain G1/S and S transition genes including E-type cyclins. The partial phosphorylation of RB de-represses the Rb-mediated suppression of E2F target gene expression, begins the expression of cyclin E. The molecular mechanism that causes the cell switched to cyclin E activation is currently not known, but as cyclin E levels rise, the active cyclin E-CDK2 complex is formed, bringing Rb to be inactivated by hyper-phosphorylation. Hyperphosphorylated Rb is completely dissociated from E2F, enabling further expression of a wide range of E2F target genes are required for driving cells to proceed into S phase [1]. Recently, it has been identified that cyclin D-Cdk4/6 binds to a C-terminal alpha-helix region of Rb that is only distinguishable to cyclin D rather than other cyclins, cyclin E, A and B. This observation based on the structural analysis of Rb phosphorylation supports that Rb is phosphorylated in a different level through multiple Cyclin-Cdk complexes.

The predisposing conditions described in the previous paragraph can serve to enhance the ability of the plasmablasts in PBL to: avoid the host's immune surveillence; survive for prolonged periods, grow excessively, and acquire pro-malignant gene abnormalities. Some of the gene abnormalities found in PBL include: 1) increased expression of the MYC proto-oncogene due to its rearrangement with an antibody gene by genetic recombination or, less commonly, other causes (Myc protein, the product of this gene, enhances cell proliferation, inhibits apoptosis, and promotes maliganancy); 2) loss in the expression of the PRDM1 gene whose product, PRDM1/BLMP1 protein, represses the expression of Myc protein;) 3) frequent duplications in certain areas of chromosomes 1, 7, 11, and 22 (these duplications are similar to those often seen in diffuse large cell lymphoma); 4) reduced expression of at least 13 genes that are involved in B-cell responses to signaling agents. 5) increased expression of genes which promote the maturation of B-cells toward plasma cells (e.g. CD38, CD138, IR4/MUM1, XBP1, IL21R, and, as just indicated, PRDM1); and 6) reduced expression of genes characteristic of B-cells (e.g.