In fighting for her present she nurtured a realizable future.
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They should be "physically realizable and inconspicuous," the researchers write.
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Any such sale could significantly diminish the net realizable value of our assets.
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The EPR effect marries a specific, experimentally realizable form of quantum entanglement with complementarity.
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"If North Korea accepts, it's a realizable scenario," it quoted the source as saying.
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Maintaining a harmonious coexistence has known, realizable solutions to avoid such rare circumstances, noted Roy.
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It is sometimes difficult to believe that the shape is realizable by simply folding a single sheet of paper.
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Under Azman, its offshore investments grew to represent about 44.5 percent of its realizable asset value by geographical exposure.
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Yet resisting anger personally and rejecting it politically is a crucial, if never fully realizable, duty of democratic citizens.
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But he tells The Verge it's "very representative" of where the company is going, and "realizable" as a consumer headset.
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The large scale of our investment reflects our deep conviction in the extraordinary value opportunity realizable at AT&T today.
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Like magic, this wall acts upon us by extoling enchanting operational possibilities that are not always realizable in the rational world.
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I might give you a smaller format of paper to work on, so it's realizable in a short period of time.
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Now, according to Levitan and Balaz, we at least "have fundamental and experimentally realizable design rules for creating materials that compute."
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Even so, there are realizable ways (that don't require the stuff of science fiction) to radically slash carbon emissions from airliners.
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Iran eagerly proclaimed itself the leader of a global jihadist cause; it made that ideal appear realizable, and the path of jihad as practical.
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"This design provides a realizable blueprint for scalable spin-based quantum computers in silicon," the authors write in the paper, published today in the journal Nature Communications.
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In previous generations, the age of 30 was practically middle-aged; it was a realizable aspiration to be married, have children and own a home by then.
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The proposal, which has been unanimously approved by Husky's board of directors, is expected to result in C$200 million per year in near-term, realizable synergies.
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With realizable matroids, there was a very straightforward way to do this, which is why Huh and Katz's proof for that piece of the Rota conjecture came so quickly.
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The unauthorized disclosure of this letter could violate the terms of agreements between you and the company, and could additionally depress the amount realizable upon a sale of our assets.
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"Although as yet unproven in real-world testing, the Hyperloop technology is likely to be viable, and represents a realizable integrated system," Munich Re said in a report released on Tuesday.
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Although you can identify the bottle caps, or the bent plastic spoons, that were formed into the tiny structures, they feel like realizable places, even if they didn't exist at that moment.
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He contacted Huh, and over the course of just a few months the two wrote a paper (published in 2012) that explained log concavity for a small class of matroids called "realizable" matroids.
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To be frank, aside from some cost-cutting that may be realizable, given the lead times in auto, most of whatever Mr. Hackett proposes wouldn't have an impact until 2019 or 2020 at the earliest.
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As part of "compensation" for concessions, life sciences companies will likely want to know the benefits to pursue for these price concessions, and that these benefits are realizable given the complex regulatory and enforcement environment.
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We, the undersigned, implore you to commence negotiations to reduce the dangers of a nuclear war, by mistake or malice, and immediately commit your respective governments to the realizable objective of a nuclear weapons-free world.
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"To be frank, aside from some cost-cutting that may be realizable, given the lead times in auto," Spak said, "most of whatever Mr. Hackett proposes wouldn't have an impact until 2019 or 2020 at the earliest."
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"We felt like [an exo for paralyzed people] was a pretty realizable goal, and it had very measurable success criteria, versus something for rehab, which has this whole extended process of efficacy and results of studies," Neuhaus says.
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"Presumably in the course of that diplomatic interaction it is also being made clear to Pyongyang's partners that deeper trade ties with economies like South Korea will not be fully realizable" without taking steps against North Korea, Berger said.
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Though the slow-grinding gears of the federal government, especially in the U.S., will likely be sluggish to enact significant movement on slashing carbon emissions, reducing demand for useless plastics is a realizable effort for you and me, the common citizen.
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Watch the VICE News documentary: The End of the Umbrella Revolution: Hong Kong Silenced: While Hong Kong's growing independence movement is perhaps more a reflection of worsening political divisions than a realizable goal, the challenge to Beijing's authority is unnerving some.
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Beyond this first phase, and with a mutually agreed upon plan of actions, would occur difficult but realizable deals on the declaration of the nuclear and missile sites in North Korea, to be followed by selective international inspection of some of these.
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These profit rates are most easily realizable — in fact, they might only be ultimately possible — by way of such mechanisms as real-estate schemes, credit bubbles, and other desperate financial methods that in turn leave even less informal space for those who attempt to survive on the outer margins of the global 1% city.
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"The company also reiterated the long-term, performance-based nature of Musk's compensation:"Moreover, the vast majority of compensation in respect of past stock option grants to Mr. Musk, including the 2012 CEO Performance Award and the 2018 CEO Performance Award, were incentives for future performance and their value is realizable only if Tesla's stock price appreciates compared to the dates of the grants, and the Company achieves applicable vesting requirements.
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"To be young, to be bound for the far hills, to be going where happiness hung from a tree, a ring to be tilted for, a bright garland to be won — It was still a realizable thing, we thought, still a harbor from the dullness and the tears and disillusion of all the stationary world," he wrote, in a quote singled out by Malcolm Forbes in a review of "The Cruise of the Rolling Junk," a compilation of those magazine articles.
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Fred UptonFrederick (Fred) Stephen UptonThe 9 House Republicans who support background checks Al Green says impeachment is 'only solution' to Trump's rhetoric Trump primary challenger Bill Weld responds to rally chants: 'We are in a fight for the soul of the GOP' MORE (R-Mich.), the chairman of the House Energy and Commerce Committee, and others in Washington who have spoken out on this brain health movement, for recognizing the need to bring together experts from across health-related professions to increase collaboration, have a thoughtful dialogue and move the conversation forward to realizable actions to improve lives today.
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The Fano plane (#1 above) is not realizable since it needs at least one curve. The Möbius-Kantor configuration (#4 above) is not realizable in the Euclidean plane, but it is realizable in the complex plane. On the other hand, examples #2 and #5 above are realizable and the incidence figures given there demonstrate this. Steinitz (1894)E.
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The Fano plane cannot be represented in the Euclidean plane using only points and straight line segments (i.e., it is not realizable). This is a consequence of the Sylvester–Gallai theorem, according to which every realizable incidence geometry must include an ordinary line, a line containing only two points. The Fano plane has no such line (that is, it is a Sylvester–Gallai configuration), so it is not realizable.
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Hendrickson proved that every uniquely realizable framework (with generic edge lengths) is either a complete graph or a (d+1)-vertex-connected, redundantly rigid graph, and he conjectured that this is an exact characterization of the uniquely realizable frameworks.. The conjecture is true for one and two dimensions; in the one-dimensional case, for instance, a graph is uniquely realizable if and only if it is connected and bridgeless.. However, Henrickson's conjecture is false for three or more dimensions.. For frameworks that are not generic, it is NP-hard to determine whether a given framework is uniquely realizable.. As cited by .
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So long as a set of fairness conditions are realizable, they are irrelevant to safety properties.
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Realizable k- ε Model: An immediate benefit of the realizable k-ɛ model is that it provides improved predictions for the spreading rate of both planar and round jets. It also exhibits superior performance for flows involving rotation, boundary layers under strong adverse pressure gradients, separation, and recirculation. In virtually every measure of comparison, Realizable k-ɛ demonstrates a superior ability to capture the mean flow of the complex structures. k-ω Model: used when there are wall effects present within the case.
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The net realizable value is the estimated selling price less any expense incurred to dispose of the good.
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Cost prices appear in several forms, such as actual cost, last cost, average cost, and net realizable value.
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The recoverable amount is the greater of the asset's value in use (present value of future values) or net realizable value.
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According to Nichiren the three thousand realms in a single moment is practical and realizable in this lifetime in the concrete world.
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Additional serial lines and parallel inputs would obviously increase the number of realizable functions. However, a significant drawback of such devices is that, as the number of realizable functions increases, an increasing number of clocking regions is required. As a consequence, a device exploiting this method of function implementation may perform significantly slower than its traditional counterpart. Figure 10 – Multifunction QCA Device.
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MacLeod helped establish a worker's school, assisting idle miners. His vision was to steer the peace movement towards the view of peace as realizable through radical change and socialist solidarity.
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Hypercomputer models range from useful but probably unrealizable (such as Turing's original oracle machines), to less-useful random-function generators that are more plausibly "realizable" (such as a random Turing machine).
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The affine plane of order three is a configuration. When embedded in some ambient space it is called the Hesse configuration. It is not realizable in the Euclidean plane but is realizable in the complex projective plane as the nine inflection points of an elliptic curve with the 12 lines incident with triples of these. The 12 lines can be partitioned into four classes of three lines apiece where, in each class the lines are mutually disjoint.
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48 NTMs are not meant to be physically realizable models, they are simply theoretically interesting abstract machines that give rise to a number of interesting complexity classes (which often do have physically realizable equivalent definitions). DTMs can be viewed as a special case of NTMs that do not make use of the power of nondeterminism. Hence, every computation that can be carried out by a DTM can also be carried out by an equivalent NTM. It is also possible to simulate any NTM using a DTM.
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The diamond graph, generically rigid but not uniquely realizable A framework has a unique realization in d-dimensional space if every placement of the same graph with the same edge lengths is congruent to it. Such a framework must necessarily be rigid, because otherwise there exists a continuous motion bringing it to a non-congruent placement with the same edge lengths, but unique realizability is stronger than rigidity. For instance, the diamond graph (two triangles sharing an edge) is rigid in two dimensions, but it is not uniquely realizable because it has two different realizations, one in which the triangles are on opposite sides of the shared edge and one in which they are both on the same side. Uniquely realizable graphs are important in applications that involve reconstruction of shapes from distances, such as triangulation in land surveying,.
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The converse is true: every matroid that is realizable over both of these two fields is regular. The result follows from a forbidden minor characterization of the matroids realizable over these fields, part of a family of results codified by Rota's conjecture.. The regular matroids are the matroids that can be defined from a totally unimodular matrix, a matrix in which every square submatrix has determinant 0, 1, or −1\. The vectors realizing the matroid may be taken as the rows of the matrix. For this reason, regular matroids are sometimes also called unimodular matroids.
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For Krippendorff, design "brings forth what would not come naturally (...); proposes realizable artifacts to others (...) must support the lives of ideally large communities (...) and must make sense to most, ideally to all who have a stake on them".
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If the notion of human rights as universal and inalienable is to be taken seriously, the rights must be realizable given the features of the modern liberal state. She concluded "The Rights of Man, supposedly inalienable, proved to be unenforceable–even in countries whose constitutions were based upon them–whenever people appeared who were no longer citizens of any sovereign state". Arendt contends that they are not realizable because they are in tension with at least one feature of the liberal state—national sovereignty. One of the primary ways in which a nation exercises sovereignty is through control over national borders.
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One can ask for a realizable construction within the constraints of rigid origami where the napkin is never stretched whilst being folded. In 2004 A. Tarasov showed that such constructions can indeed be obtained. This can be considered a complete solution to the original problem.
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For example, quantum chromodynamic vacuum includes many virtual particles not treated in quantum electrodynamics. The vacuum of quantum gravity treats gravitational effects not included in the Standard Model. It remains an open question whether further refinements in experimental technique ultimately will support another model for realizable vacuum.
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Incidence structures can be modelled by points and curves in the Euclidean plane with the usual geometric meaning of incidence. Some incidence structures admit representation by points and (straight) lines. Structures that can be are called realizable. If no ambient space is mentioned then the Euclidean plane is assumed.
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In addition to his work on the descriptive theory of democracy, he was long occupied with the formulation of the constituent elements of democracy considered as a theoretical but realizable ideal. By virtue of the exceptional cogency, clarity, and veracity of his portrayal of some of the key characteristics of realizable-ideal democracy, as well as his outstanding descriptive analysis of the dynamics of modern pluralist-democracy, he is one of the greatest theorists of democracy in history. Dahl received his undergraduate degree from the University of Washington in 1936. He then went on to receive his Ph.D. at Yale in 1940 and served on its political science faculty from 1946 to 1986.
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Artificial metamaterials are important to how illusion optic devices are created. The properties of these materials allow it to bend light waves negatively, so as to have negative permittivity and negative permeability.Wei Xiang, J., Hui Feng, M., Qiang, C., & Tie Jun, C. (2010). Illusion media: Generating virtual objects using realizable metamaterials.
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Of course, the ideal case of infinite length is not realizable and in practice the finite length of the cylinders produces end effects which introduce non-uniformities in the field. The difficulty of manufacturing a cylinder with a continuously varying magnetization also usually leads to the design being broken into segments.
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Thus, the dosage is the coordinate on the manifold. To be a smooth manifold, one would have to measure outcomes in response to arbitrarily small changes in dosage; this is not a practically realizable example, unless one has a pre-existing mathematical model of dose-response where the dose can be arbitrarily varied.
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With this tuning in this example, the system output follows the reference input exactly. However, in practice, a pure differentiator is neither physically realizable nor desirable due to amplification of noise and resonant modes in the system. Therefore, a phase-lead compensator type approach or a differentiator with low-pass roll-off are used instead.
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Leon Chua has argued that all two-terminal non-volatile-memory devices, including PCM, should be considered memristors. Stan Williams of HP Labs has also argued that PCM should be considered a memristor. However, this terminology has been challenged and the potential applicability of memristor theory to any physically realizable device is open to question.
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If real computation were physically realizable, one could use it to solve NP-complete problems, and even #P-complete problems, in polynomial time. Unlimited precision real numbers in the physical universe are prohibited by the holographic principle and the Bekenstein bound.Scott Aaronson, NP-complete Problems and Physical Reality, ACM SIGACT News, Vol. 36, No. 1.
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Non engineering methods are mainly based on the market share of the product; the higher market share, the higher proportion assigned to it e.g. net realizable value. In this method, the proportions are determined based on the sales value proportions. In the engineering based method, proportions are found based on physical quantities and measurements such as volume, weight, etc.
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Not all configurations are realizable, for instance, a (437) configuration does not exist.This configuration would be a projective plane of order 6 which does not exist by the Bruck–Ryser theorem. However, has provided a construction which shows that for , a () configuration exists for all , where is the length of an optimal Golomb ruler of order .
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Steinitz (1894), Über die Construction der Configurationen , Dissertation, Breslau has shown that (incidence structures with points and lines, three points per line and three lines through each point) are either realizable or require the use of only one curved line in their representations. The Fano plane is the unique () and the Möbius-Kantor configuration is the unique ().
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Gros argues that the Genesis project would be realizable within 50–100 years, using low-mass probes equipped with a miniaturized gene laboratory for the in situ cell synthesis of the microbes. The Genesis project extends directed panspermia to eukaryotic life, arguing that it is more likely that complex life is rare, and not bacterial life.
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Asserting that functionalism is really a watered-down identity theory in which mental kinds are identified with functional kinds, Putnam argued that mental kinds may be multiply realizable over functional kinds. The argument for functionalism is that the same mental state could be implemented by the different states of a universal Turing machine.Putnam, Hilary (1988). Representation and Reality.
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Received advances are not recognized as revenues, but as liabilities (deferred income), until the conditions (1.) and (2.) are met. # Revenues are realized when cash or claims to cash (receivable) are received. Revenues are realizable when they are readily convertible to cash or claim to cash. # Revenues are earned when such goods/services are transferred/rendered.
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In this respect his position is perhaps a compromise with type-identity theory.Derk Pereboom, Consciousness and the Prospects of Physicalism, New York, Oxford University Press, 2011, Chapters 7-8. Still, his view is not a reductive identity theory, since he holds that mental compositional properties are multiply realizable at any level more fundamental than the mental (e.g., the neural).
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The Stirling cycle is a highly advanced subject that has defied analysis by many experts for over 190 years. Highly advanced thermodynamics is required to describe the cycle. Professor Israel Urieli writes: "...the various 'ideal' cycles (such as the Schmidt cycle) are neither physically realizable nor representative of the Stirling cycle".Organ, "The Regenerator and the Stirling Engine", p.
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A magnet motor or magnetic motor is a type of perpetual motion machine, which is intended to generate a rotation by means of permanent magnets in stator and rotor without external energy supply. Such a motor is theoretically as well as practically not realizable. The idea of functioning magnetic motors has been promoted by various hobbyists. It can be regarded as parascience.
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Where the market value of goods has declined for whatever reasons, the business may choose to value its inventory at the lower of cost or market value, also known as net realizable value.ASC 330-10-35; IAS 2, paragraphs 28-33. This may be recorded by accruing an expense (i.e., creating an inventory reserve) for declines due to obsolescence, etc.
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It also does not specify whether the configuration is purely combinatorial (an abstract incidence pattern of lines and points) or whether the points and lines of the configuration are realizable in the Euclidean plane or another standard geometry. The type (214) is highly ambiguous: there is an unknown but large number of (combinatorial) configurations of this type, 200 of which were listed by .
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Divett, 2012, Tidal Stream Energy Extraction in a Large Deep Strait: the Karori Rip, Cook Strait, Continental Shelf Research, 33: 100–109. , DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2011.11.012. There are numerous computer models of the tidal flow through Cook Strait. While the tidal components are readily realizable,Lunar tides in Cook Strait, New Zealand the residual flow is more difficult to model.
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In signal processing, a causal filter is a linear and time-invariant causal system. The word causal indicates that the filter output depends only on past and present inputs. A filter whose output also depends on future inputs is non-causal, whereas a filter whose output depends only on future inputs is anti-causal. Systems (including filters) that are realizable (i.e.
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Realizable caesium frequency standards use a strong electromagnet to deliberately introduce a magnetic field which overwhelms that of the Earth. The presence of this strong magnetic field introduces a slight, but known, increase in the atomic resonance frequency. However, very small variations in the calibration of the electric current in the electromagnet introduce minuscule frequency variations among different caesium oscillators.
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Common disallowed expenses are college tuition payments for a dependent and credit card payments (disallowed since they represent unsecured debt). The number of months over which disposable income must be calculated into the offer amount is based on the smaller of the number of months remaining until the Collection Statute Expiration Date (CSED) for the tax debt OR either 6 or 24 months, depending on the payment option for the OIC which the applicant is selecting. Net realizable equity in assets is the quick sale value of the asset (often 80% of Fair Market Value (FMV)) minus any liabilities which are secured by the asset (e.g., a loan). As an example, if a taxpayer has a home worth $100,000 and owes $50,000 on the home, the IRS will calculate the net realizable equity in the asset as follows: ($100,000 x .
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This equation is satisfied for the tetrahedron with h = 0 and v = 4, and for the Császár polyhedron with h = 1 and v = 7. The next possible solution, h = 6 and v = 12, would correspond to a polyhedron with 44 faces and 66 edges, but it is not realizable as a polyhedron. It is not known whether such a polyhedron exists with a higher genus .
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The second method is the direct write-off method. It is simpler than the allowance method in that it allows for one simple entry to reduce accounts receivable to its net realizable value. The entry would consist of debiting a bad debt expense account and crediting the respective accounts receivable in the sales ledger. The direct write-off method is not permissible under Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.
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This construction is not physically realizable. In 1989, A. K. Dewdney published a letter from his friend Arlo Lipof in the Computer Recreations column of the Scientific American where he describes an underground operation "in a South American country" of doubling gold balls using the Banach–Tarski paradox.Dewdney (1989) Naturally, this was in the April issue, and "Arlo Lipof" is an anagram of "April Fool".
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It is realizable on a laboratory scale (table-top systems) as opposed to large free electron-laser facilities. High harmonic generation in atoms is well understood in terms of the three-step model (ionization, propagation, and recombination). Ionization: The intense laser field modifies the Coulomb potential of the atom, electron tunnels through the barrier and ionize. Propagation: The free-electron accelerates in the laser field and gains momentum.
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Neville lists three criteria for a religious tradition—a cosmology, a body of rituals, and a path of spiritual perfection—and believes that all three apply to Confucianism. Tu defines Confucian religiosity as communal self-transformation and a faithful response to the transcendent, characterizing it as the Confucian prescription "for learning to be fully human". Confucianism believes that the ultimate meaning of life is realizable through ordinary daily existence.
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In the early 2000s, Assiter was the dean of the Faculty of Economics and Social Science at UWE Bristol, and the London School of Economics visiting professor of sociology in January 2006. Assiter's book Kierkegaard, Eve and Metaphors of Birth was described as "an important contribution to the general subject matter of realizable well-being" and "illuminating and thought-provoking". It has also been reviewed by Times Higher Education.
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However, it has been shown that CPO has better patient preference for dental aesthetics compared with bilateral balanced occlusion. Also, it has been argued that CPO reduces destructive lateral forces on the alveolar bone by promoting vertical chewing. As stated above, it has been reported that fabrication of dentures using cuspid protection occlusal scheme both realizable and less time consuming compared to constructing dentures with bilateral balanced occlusion.
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It recognised that 6 pax/square metre design capacity standards were not achieved in actual operations, and that the service level of new MTR lines is pitched at 4 pax/square metre service benchmark. At 4 pax/square metre, the critical link on the line ran at 99% capacity (34,600 pax/hr) in 2013, partly due to lengthy turnaround times at the present Hung Hom terminus which depressed realizable carrying capacity by 20%.
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Cadence now has full proprietary rights to Gateway's Verilog and the Verilog-XL, the HDL- simulator that would become the de facto standard (of Verilog logic simulators) for the next decade. Originally, Verilog was only intended to describe and allow simulation; the automated synthesis of subsets of the language to physically realizable structures (gates etc.) was developed after the language had achieved widespread usage. Verilog is a portmanteau of the words "verification" and "logic".
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These would be sent to a digital-to-analog converter connected to a radio antenna. The ideal scheme is not completely realizable due to the current limits of the technology. The main problem in both directions is the difficulty of conversion between the digital and the analog domains at a high enough rate and a high enough accuracy at the same time, and without relying upon physical processes like interference and electromagnetic resonance for assistance.
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Under certain circumstances, valuation of inventory based on cost is impractical. If the market price of a good drops below the purchase price, the lower of cost or market method of valuation is recommended. This method allows declines in inventory value to be offset against income of the period. When goods are damaged or obsolete, and can only be sold for below purchase prices, they should be recorded at net realizable value.
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The 312-avoiding permutations are also the inverses of the 231-avoiding permutations, and have been called the stack-realizable permutations as they are the permutations that can be formed from the identity permutation by a sequence of push-from-input and pop-to-output operations on a stack.. As noted, the 123-avoiding and 321-avoiding permutations also have the same counting function despite being less directly related to the stack-sortable permutations.
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Doubt as to collectibility (or DATC) means that the taxpayer will never be able to fully pay the tax bill. The IRS will consider a settlement based on the following formula: Settlement Amount = (monthly disposable income x a number of months) + the net realizable equity in the taxpayer's assets. Disposable income is monthly income minus allowable monthly expenses. It is important to recognize that the IRS will not allow all expenses the taxpayer may actually have.
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When a sale is made on account, revenue is recorded along with account receivable. Because there is an inherent risk that clients might default on payment, accounts receivable have to be recorded at net realizable value. The portion of the account receivable that is estimated to be not collectible is set aside in a contra-asset account called Allowance for doubtful accounts. At the end of each accounting cycle, adjusting entries are made to charge uncollectible receivable as expense.
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The Lotka–Volterra model makes a number of assumptions, not necessarily realizable in nature, about the environment and evolution of the predator and prey populations: #The prey population finds ample food at all times. #The food supply of the predator population depends entirely on the size of the prey population. #The rate of change of population is proportional to its size. #During the process, the environment does not change in favour of one species, and genetic adaptation is inconsequential.
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As described above, this state is impossible to achieve experimentally. (Even if every matter particle could somehow be removed from a volume, it would be impossible to eliminate all the blackbody photons.) Nonetheless, it provides a good model for realizable vacuum, and agrees with a number of experimental observations as described next. QED vacuum has interesting and complex properties. In QED vacuum, the electric and magnetic fields have zero average values, but their variances are not zero.
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Three common types of market efficiency are allocative, operational and informational . However, other kinds of market efficiency are also recognised. James Tobin identified four efficiency types that could be present in a financial market: 1\. Information arbitrage efficiency Asset prices fully reflect all of the privately available information (the least demanding requirement for efficient market, since arbitrage includes realizable, risk free transactions) Arbitrage involves taking advantage of price similarities of financial instruments between 2 or more markets by trading to generate profits.
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If a, b, and N are finite, the series is called doubly finite. Sometimes the n-th-order term is divided by n!, a convention which is convenient when taking the output of one Volterra system as the input of another ("cascading"). The causality condition: Since in any physically realizable system the output can only depend on previous values of the input, the kernels h_n(t_1, t_2, \ldots, t_n) will be zero if any of the variables t_1, t_2, \ldots, t_n are negative.
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DNA-based computing and quantum computing are areas of active research in both hardware and software (such as the development of quantum algorithms). Potential infrastructure for future technologies includes DNA origami on photolithography supplementary information: DNA origami on photolithography and quantum antennae for transferring information between ion traps. By 2011, researchers had entangled 14 qubits. Fast digital circuits (including those based on Josephson junctions and rapid single flux quantum technology) are becoming more nearly realizable with the discovery of nanoscale superconductors.
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In order to circumvent the root finding of a polynomial equation quasi self-consistent approach. He showed that by using a Cμ expression of a realizable linear model instead of the EASM-Cμ expression in the equation of g the same properties of g follows. For a wide range of and the quasi self-consistent approach is almost identical to the fully self-consistent solution. Thus the quality of the EASM is not affected with the advantage of no additional non-linear equation.
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Electric machines that rely on induction or asynchronous principles short-circuit one port of the transformer circuit and as a result, the reactive impedance of the transformer circuit becomes dominant as slip increases, which limits the magnitude of active (i.e., real) current. Still, bursts of torque that are two to three times higher than the maximum design torque are realizable. The brushless wound- rotor synchronous doubly-fed (BWRSDF) machine is the only electric machine with a truly dual ported transformer circuit topology (i.e.
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It can be difficult to measure accurately, and factors such as background noise can create large errors in M2. Tutorial presentation at the Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Long Beach, California Beams with power well out in the "tails" of the distribution have M2 much larger than one would expect. In theory, an idealized tophat laser beam has infinite M2, although this is not true of any physically realizable tophat beam. For a pure Bessel beam, one cannot even compute M2.
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Fodor strongly opposed reductive accounts of the mind. He argued that mental states are multiple realizable and that there is a hierarchy of explanatory levels in science such that the generalizations and laws of a higher-level theory of psychology or linguistics, for example, cannot be captured by the low-level explanations of the behavior of neurons and synapses. He also emerged as a prominent critic of what he characterized as the ill-grounded Darwinian and neo-Darwinian theories of natural selection.
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Since 2000, Karash has been intensively involved in the development of the Russian space policy through his numerous articles and presentations in the Russian mass media. He proposed a concept of the hybrid ‘fly by – orbital’ manned/automatic mission to Mars (Mars Piloted Orbial Station - MARPOST) as the most realizable in the current Russian economic conditions. Karash has a considerable experience working for the Russian and foreign mass media. He worked as a special correspondent for The Washington Times newspaper and Space.
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The QPT occurs at the quantum critical point (QCP), where quantum fluctuations driving the transition diverge and become scale invariant in space and time. Although absolute zero is not physically realizable, characteristics of the transition can be detected in the system's low-temperature behavior near the critical point. At nonzero temperatures, classical fluctuations with an energy scale of kBT compete with the quantum fluctuations of energy scale ħω. Here ω is the characteristic frequency of the quantum oscillation and is inversely proportional to the correlation time.
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With the development of miniature pumps, the hope of an effective wearable hemodialysis device has become realizable. Some patients already receive continuous peritoneal dialysis treatment which allows them to remain ambulatory. However, only a small portion of dialysis patients use peritoneal dialysis treatment because it requires large amounts of dialysate to be stored and disposed. A healthy individual's kidneys filter blood 24 hours/day, 168 hours/week compared to an individual with end-stage renal disease whose dialysis treatment plan is approximately 12 hours a week.
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Systems employing non-integration methods are forced to operate in isolated regions of spectrum-space-time. However, in the real world, perfect isolation is not realizable and as a result, isolated systems will leak out and occupy segments of spectrum-space-time occupied by other systems. This is why systems that employ non-integration methods end up interfering with each other, and due to the philosophy of isolation being employed, each system makes no attempt at interference mitigation. Consequentially, each user's performance is degraded.
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A perfect vacuum is itself only attainable in principle. It is an idealization, like absolute zero for temperature, that can be approached, but never actually realized: Virtual particles make a perfect vacuum unrealizable, but leave open the question of attainability of a quantum electrodynamic vacuum or QED vacuum. Predictions of QED vacuum such as spontaneous emission, the Casimir effect and the Lamb shift have been experimentally verified, suggesting QED vacuum is a good model for a high quality realizable vacuum. There are competing theoretical models for vacuum, however.
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The case raised local debate about whether it was the municipality's job to subsidize the airport and the airline. The Federation of Norwegian Aviation Industries announced that they would consider reporting the subsidies to the European Free Trade Association Surveillance Authority (ESA) for violation of the European Community competition law. The municipal council voted on 19 June 2008 to not give further subsidies to the airport. Upgrades for NOK 8 million were needed to meet safety standard. The airport operator had debt of NOK 12 million, and no realizable assets.
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For example, if a developer is building a 20 unit condominium project, a lender might not just loan a certain percentage of the predicted future total value of the condominia, but only a certain percentage of the value of the condominium project if, because of an emergency or unforeseen circumstance, the entire building had to be sold at once to one buyer (known as a bulk sale). Since the realizable sales price in this case might be much lower, the maximum loan many lenders would extend would be much lower.
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Once the synthesis tool has mapped the HDL description into a gate netlist, the netlist is passed off to the back-end stage. Depending on the physical technology (FPGA, ASIC gate array, ASIC standard cell), HDLs may or may not play a significant role in the back-end flow. In general, as the design flow progresses toward a physically realizable form, the design database becomes progressively more laden with technology-specific information, which cannot be stored in a generic HDL description. Finally, an integrated circuit is manufactured or programmed for use.
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He was in the post until his retirement in 1954. After his retirement from the service he joined the defence contractor Vickers-Armstrong, during the Cold War. Buzzard was a founder member of both the Institute of Strategic Studies, and the Council of Christian Approaches to Defence and Disarmament. He frequently corresponded with Henry Kissinger, and developed the idea of “Graduated Deterrence.” Graduated Deterrence posited that one must issue a reasonable threat to one's enemy that is also realizable and not so massive that no one believes that it will ever happen.
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It is effectively realizable for pre-recorded digital signals by assuming extensions of zero into the past and future, or more typically by making the signal repetitive and using Fourier analysis. Real filters for real-time applications approximate the ideal filter by truncating and windowing the infinite impulse response to make a finite impulse response; applying that filter requires delaying the signal for a moderate period of time, allowing the computation to "see" a little bit into the future. This delay is manifested as phase shift. Greater accuracy in approximation requires a longer delay.
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Signal Processing in Noise Waveform Radar By Krzysztof Kulpa (Google Books) However, this would require infinite power and is not physically realizable. There is no pulse s(t) that will produce \delta(\tau) \delta(f) from the definition of the ambiguity function. Approximations exist, however, and noise-like signals such as binary phase- shift keyed waveforms using maximal-length sequences are the best known performers in this regard.G. Jourdain and J. P. Henrioux, "Use of large bandwidth-duration binary phase shift keying signals in target delay Doppler measurements," J. Acoust. Soc.
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As with any type of reduction, a holographic reduction does not, by itself, yield a polynomial time algorithm. In order to get a polynomial time algorithm, the problem being reduced to must also have a polynomial time algorithm. Valiant's original application of holographic algorithms used a holographic reduction to a problem where every constraint is realizable by matchgates, which he had just proved is tractable by a further reduction to counting the number of perfect matchings in a planar graph. The latter problem is tractable by the FKT algorithm, which dates to the 1960s.
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Conditionality: Realizable tradeoff between reachability and optimality depends primarily upon the initial bet capacity and how the bet capacity evolves along with the payoff table update path triggered by bet behavior and empowered by the underlying law of reward and punishment. Precisely, it is a sequence of conditional events where the next event happens upon reached status quo from experience path. 4\. Robustness: The more challenge a reachable optimality can accommodate, the more robust it is in terms of path integrity. There are also four computation features in the law of reachable optimality. 1\.
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Explorative high-speed missions to Alpha Centauri, as planned for by the Breakthrough Starshot initiative, are projected to be realizable within the 21st century. It is alternatively possible to plan for uncrewed slow-cruising missions taking millennia to arrive. These probes would not be for human benefit in the sense that one can not foresee whether there would be anybody around on earth interested in then back-transmitted science data. An example would be the Genesis mission, which aims to bring unicellular life, in the spirit of directed panspermia, to habitable but otherwise barren planets.
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The number of nonisomorphic configurations of type (), starting at , is given by the sequence :1, 1, 3, 10, 31, 229, 2036, 21399, 245342, ... These numbers count configurations as abstract incidence structures, regardless of realizability . As discusses, nine of the ten (103) configurations, and all of the (113) and (123) configurations, are realizable in the Euclidean plane, but for each there is at least one nonrealizable () configuration. Gropp also points out a long-lasting error in this sequence: an 1895 paper attempted to list all (123) configurations, and found 228 of them, but the 229th configuration was not discovered until 1988.
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When they wanted to support the democratic cause and protest against Fascism and dictators, artists were often encouraged to put aside their modernist style and express themselves in a more realist (i.e. representational) style. For instance, Josep Renau, the Republican Government's director general of Fine Arts, said in 1937: “The poster maker, as an artist, knows a disciplined freedom, a freedom conditioned by objective demands, external to his individual will. Thus for the poster artist the simple question of expressing his own sensibility and emotion is neither legitimate nor practically realizable, if not in the service of an objective goal.
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The formalism of process matrices starts from the observation that, given the structure of quantum states, the set of feasible quantum operations follows from positivity considerations. Namely, for any linear map from states to probabilities one can find a physical system where this map corresponds to a physical measurement. Likewise, any linear transformation that maps composite states to states corresponds to a valid operation in some physical system. In view of this trend, it is reasonable to postulate that any high-order map from quantum instruments (namely, measurement processes) to probabilities should also be physically realizable.
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Comparability is a very important element in addressing potential investors and also relevant for other stakeholders. Complex norms for sustainability reporting standards such as that of the Global Reporting Initiative are not, within reasonable effort, realizable for social organisations to complete. For these reasons, many organisations therefore have to create separate reports in accordance with each individual investor's guidelines, which can lead to wasting valuable resources. Hence in contrast to for-profit investors, the donors, investors, and financiers in the non-profit sector lack standardized basis for information that they can use for the selection, assessment, and comparison of different projects.
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William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin succeeded in developing a physically realizable model of MacCullagh's rotationally elastic but translationally insensitive ether, consisting of gyrostats mounted on a framework of telescoping rods, described in his paper "On a Gyrostatic Adynamic Constitution for Ether" (1890). MacCullagh died in 1847 in Dublin at his own hand, perhaps depressed by what he saw as the decline of his mathematical powers. In May 2009, an Ulster History Circle plaque was unveiled at his family tomb at St Patrick's Church in Upper Badoney. The plaque was part of events organised by the Glenelly Historical Society to mark his life.
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Shortly before retirement, he was awarded a patent (assigned to the United States Navy) for discrete amplitude shading for lobe-suppression in a discrete transducer array. Martin founded Martin Analysis Software Technology Company following retirement; and contracted with the Navy for high-resolution beamforming with generalized eigenvector/eigenvalue (GEVEV) digital signal processing from 1985 through 1987 and for personal computer aided engineering (PC CAE) of underwater transducers and arrays from 1986 through 1989. Martin published an expanded theory of matrices in 2012 entitled A New Approach to Matrix Analysis, Complex Symmetric Matrices, and Physically Realizable Systems.
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The relation to real experiments can be quite complex, as can be seen again from an example going back to Albert Einstein. In 1935, with two coworkers, he published a paper on a newly created subject called later the EPR effect (EPR paradox). In this paper, starting from certain philosophical assumptions,Jaynes, E.T. (1989). Clearing up the Mysteries, opening talk at the 8th International MAXENT Workshop, St John's College, Cambridge UK. on the basis of a rigorous analysis of a certain, complicated, but in the meantime assertedly realizable model, he came to the conclusion that quantum mechanics should be described as "incomplete".
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The key question which much of the research into choreography seeks to answer is this: Suppose a global choreography is constructed that describes the possible interactions between the participants in a collaboration. What conditions does the choreography need to obey if it is to be guaranteed that the collaboration succeeds? Here, succeeds means that the emergent behaviour that results when the collaboration is enacted, with each participant acting independently according to its own skeleton, exactly follows the choreography from which the skeletons were originally projected. When this is the case, the choreography is said to be realizable.
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From this early stage of his career, Nichiren started to engage in fierce polemics criticizing the teachings of Buddhism taught by the other sects of his day, a practice that continued and expanded throughout his life. Although Nichiren accepted the Tendai theoretical constructs of "original enlightenment" (hongaku shisō) and "attaining Buddhahood in one's present form" (sokushin jobutsu) he drew a distinction, insisting both concepts should be seen as practical and realizable amidst the concrete realities of daily life. He took issue with other Buddhist schools of his time that stressed transcendence over immanence. Nichiren's emphasis on "self-power" (Jpn.
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Performance requirements can include: #Optical performance (image quality): This is quantified by various metrics, including encircled energy, modulation transfer function, Strehl ratio, ghost reflection control, and pupil performance (size, location and aberration control); the choice of the image quality metric is application specific. #Physical requirements such as weight, static volume, dynamic volume, center of gravity and overall configuration requirements. #Environmental requirements: ranges for temperature, pressure, vibration and electromagnetic shielding. Design constraints can include realistic lens element center and edge thicknesses, minimum and maximum air- spaces between lenses, maximum constraints on entrance and exit angles, physically realizable glass index of refraction and dispersion properties.
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In a letter written by Rudolf Hess to Walter Hewel in 1927, Hess paraphrases Hitler's vision: "World peace is certainly an ideal worth striving for; in Hitler's opinion it will be realizable only when one power, the racially best one, has attained complete and uncontested supremacy. That [power] can then provide a sort of world police, seeing to it at the same time that the most valuable race is guaranteed the necessary living space. And if no other way is open to them, the lower races will have to restrict themselves accordingly".. Weinberg, G.L. (1996), Germany, Hitler, and World War II: essays in modern German and world history, p. 28, .
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For the "Telegraphy" entry in the 1903 edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, contributor John Ambrose Fleming wrote that: "Many other more or less imperfect devices—such as those of Mahlon Loomis, put forward in 1872 and 1877, and Kitsee in 1895—for wireless telegraphy were not within the region of practically realizable schemes.""Telegraphy" by John Ambrose Fleming, The New Volumes of the Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 9, 1903, page 229. In 1904, A. T. Story surveyed the available information, and felt the need to include the qualifier "if we are to believe the reports", before stating that then "the attempt to communicate between the two summits was successful".
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Note that some authors have defined an anticausal system as one that depends solely on future and present input values or, more simply, as a system that does not depend on past input values. Classically, nature or physical reality has been considered to be a causal system. Physics involving special relativity or general relativity require more careful definitions of causality, as described elaborately in Causality (physics). The causality of systems also plays an important role in digital signal processing, where filters are constructed so that they are causal, sometimes by altering a non- causal formulation to remove the lack of causality so that it is realizable.
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The expedition was only realizable with the support of the Guyanese government and the indigenous tribe of Wai- Wai-Amerindian settling in the very south of Guyana. close to the source area of Sipu river The team at the furthest source of the Essequibo River aka the Sipu River With the support of the Wai-Wai, satellite maps, topographic maps, GPS and a small drone, the source valley was discovered in 2013. The coordinate determined by expedition teams in 2013 deviates by approximately 40`, which corresponds to a distance of at least 80 km north. This could be caused by calculation errors or other mistakes.
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Algorithms that use random bits are called randomized algorithms. A non-deterministic Turing machine is a deterministic Turing machine with an added feature of non-determinism, which allows a Turing machine to have multiple possible future actions from a given state. One way to view non-determinism is that the Turing machine branches into many possible computational paths at each step, and if it solves the problem in any of these branches, it is said to have solved the problem. Clearly, this model is not meant to be a physically realizable model, it is just a theoretically interesting abstract machine that gives rise to particularly interesting complexity classes.
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Once at sea, however, the Maharaja orders the armada to proceed to the capital of the Khmer ruler, where his troops took the Khmers by surprise, seized the city, and surrounded the palace. After the Khmer ruler had been captured, he was brought before the Maharaja of Zabaj. "What caused you to form a desire which was not in your power to satisfy, which would not have given you happiness if you had realized it, and would not even have been justified if it had been easily realizable?" inquired the Maharaja of Zabaj. Since the Khmer king had nothing to say in return, the Maharaja of Zabaj continued.
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Kobon triangles generated with 3, 4 and 5 straight line segments. The Kobon triangle problem is an unsolved problem in combinatorial geometry first stated by Kobon Fujimura. The problem asks for the largest number N(k) of nonoverlapping triangles whose sides lie on an arrangement of k lines. Variations of the problem consider the projective plane rather than the Euclidean plane, and require that the triangles not be crossed by any other lines of the arrangement.. Saburo Tamura proved that the largest integer not exceeding k(k − 2)/3 provides an upper bound on the maximal number of nonoverlapping triangles realizable by k lines.
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Some two years before writing Nineteen Eighty-Four, George Orwell reviewed That Hideous Strength for the Manchester Evening News, commenting: "Plenty of people in our age do entertain the monstrous dreams of power that Mr Lewis attributes to his characters [the N.I.C.E. scientists], and we are within sight of the time when such dreams will be realizable.""The Scientist Takes Over", review of C. S. Lewis, That Hideous Strength (1945) by George Orwell, Manchester Evening News, 16 August 1945, reprinted as No. 2720 (first half) in The Complete Works of George Orwell, edited by Peter Davison, Vol. XVII (1998), pp. 250–251. The review was written shortly after the nuclear bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which it refers to.
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Knowledge of multiple solutions to an optimization task is especially helpful in engineering, when due to physical (and/or cost) constraints, the best results may not always be realizable. In such a scenario, if multiple solutions (locally and/or globally optimal) are known, the implementation can be quickly switched to another solution and still obtain the best possible system performance. Multiple solutions could also be analyzed to discover hidden properties (or relationships) of the underlying optimization problem, which makes them important for obtaining domain knowledge. In addition, the algorithms for multimodal optimization usually not only locate multiple optima in a single run, but also preserve their population diversity, resulting in their global optimization ability on multimodal functions.
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In the context of production, a by-product is the "output from a joint production process that is minor in quantity and/or net realizable value (NRV) when compared with the main products".Wouters, Mark; Selto, Frank H.; Hilton, Ronald W.; Maher, Michael W. (2012): Cost Management: Strategies for Business Decisions, International Edition, McGraw-Hill, p. 535. Because they are deemed to have no influence on reported financial results, by-products do not receive allocations of joint costs. By-products also, by convention, are not inventoried, but the NRV from by-products is typically recognized as "other income", or as a reduction of joint production processing costs when the by- product is produced.
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Gualtiero Piccinini proposes an account of computation based in mechanical philosophy. It states that physical computing systems are types of mechanisms that, by design, perform physical computation, or “the manipulation (by a functional mechanism) of a medium-independent vehicle according to a rule.” Medium- independence requires that the property is able to be instantiated by multiple realizers and multiple mechanisms and that the inputs and outputs of the mechanism also be multiply realizable. In short, medium-independence allows for the use of physical variables with traits other than voltage (as in typical digital computers); this is imperative in considering other types of computation, such as that occurs in the brain or in a quantum computer.
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The measure of "wealth" is mostly taken to be total personal realizable wealth at market prices, liquid or not: :Wealth = cash balances + government bonds + housing equity + stocks + other assets - debt Some economists say that bonds are simply a loan to the government and that they are not considered (on the aggregate) to be part of net wealth. Generally, the wealth change is measured in real terms. It may seem obvious that an unanticipated windfall will lead to greater consumption and that a fiscal loss will have the opposite effect. However, when the stock markets crashed in April 2000 (wiping out $2.1 trillion in nominal investor wealth) U.S. household consumption did not drop substantially.
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Both programming languages and HDLs are processed by a compiler (often called a synthesizer in the HDL case), but with different goals. For HDLs, "compiling" refers to logic synthesis; the process of transforming the HDL code listing into a physically realizable gate netlist. The netlist output can take any of many forms: a "simulation" netlist with gate-delay information, a "handoff" netlist for post-synthesis placement and routing on a semiconductor die, or a generic industry-standard Electronic Design Interchange Format (EDIF) (for subsequent conversion to a JEDEC-format file). On the other hand, a software compiler converts the source-code listing into a microprocessor- specific object code for execution on the target microprocessor.
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In some systems, a fairness constraint is defined by a set of states, and a "fair path" is one which passes through some state in the fairness constraint infinitely often. If there are multiple fairness constraints, then a fair path must pass infinitely often through one state per constraint. A program "fairly satisfies" an LT property P with respect to a set of fairness conditions if for every path, either the path fails a fairness condition or it satisfies P. That is, the property P is satisfied for all fair paths. A fairness property is realizable for a Kripke structure if every reachable state has a fair path starting from that state.
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Over the next two years, Harden-Hickey fell into deep depression. His vision for his island was easily realizable, and it had become the core of his existence, but, despite the validity of his claim on Trinidad and his seriousness at realizing his dream, he received little real support, only receiving such from his family and friends; and after all of his attempts at restoring his claim had failed, the world laughed at him for even trying. In truth, his only public support came from the [New York Times, which gave him some praise and compassion. He gave the managing editor and a reporter for the Times the Order of Trinidad for their understanding of his passion.
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Logical Intuition, or mathematical intuition or rational intuition, is a series of instinctive foresight, know-how and savviness often associated with the ability to perceive logical or mathematical truth — and the ability to solve mathematical challenges efficiently. Humans apply logical intuition in proving mathematical theorems, validating logical arguments, developing algorithms and heuristics, and in related contexts where mathematical challenges are involved. The ability to recognize logical or mathematical truth and identify viable methods may vary from person to person, and may even be a result of knowledge and experience which are subject to cultivation. The ability may not be realizable in a computer program by means other than genetic programming or evolutionary programming.
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He resigned from Ford Motor Company with the threat (fully realizable) to treat Henry Ford & Son Inc as his new enterprise for all of his future cars, trucks, and tractors (he would begin with all-new designs), which would turn Ford Motor Company into a mere badly led competitor, destroying its stock's value. This maneuver worked; Henry Ford bought out all the minority shareholders of Ford Motor Company in 1919, and then consolidated ownership in the Ford family: fifty-five percent in his name, forty-two percent in son Edsel's name and the remaining three percent in wife Clara's name. He merged Henry Ford & Son into the Ford Motor Company in 1920. Annual production reached 36,781 in 1921.
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The resulting configuration, the Hesse configuration, shares with the Möbius–Kantor configuration the property of being realizable with complex coordinates but not with real coordinates.. Deleting any one point from the Hesse configuration produces a copy of the Möbius–Kantor configuration. Both configurations may also be described algebraically in terms of the abelian group \Z_3\times \Z_3 with nine elements. This group has four subgroups of order three (the subsets of elements of the form (i,0), (i,i), (i,2i), and (0,i) respectively), each of which can be used to partition the nine group elements into three cosets of three elements per coset. These nine elements and twelve cosets form the Hesse configuration.
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The Budapest–Belgrade–Skopje–Athens railway, a China-CEE "hallmark" project (2014) of Beijing’s Belt and Road initiative,Another Silk Road fiasco? China's Belgrade to Budapest high-speed rail line is probed by Brussels, by Wade Shepard, Forbes February 25, 2017 is a planned railroad international connection in Central and Southeast Europe – between Budapest (Hungary), Belgrade (Serbia), Skopje (North Macedonia), Athens and its China-run port of Pireus (Greece). Planned speed is between Budapest and Belgrade, current line between Thessaloniki and Athens is with upgrades to ongoing.China To Finance Construction Of New Budapest-Belgrade Railroad, Hungary Today, December 17, 2014 The Chinese planners do not comment on the other tracks' realizable speeds.
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This was greatly influenced by the late 1970s success of the DEC VAX computer, a highly "elegant" and rather layered technology, realizable in a range of power. In the early 1990s, under Nortel CEO Jean Monty, the software for the flagship DMS product was segmented into layers ('Base', 'Telecom', and 'IEC' or Inter- Exchange Carrier) to improve maintainability of the product. The IEC layers were customer-specific, targeted towards Sprint, MCI, and a large group of small "United Carrier" companies that were subsequently swallowed up by Worldcom. Once the IEC layer was established, customer-specific releases could occur quarterly, whereas Telecom and Base programming was for baked-in code that only had infrequent, maintenance updates.
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He called their algorithms accidental algorithms, saying "when applying the term accidental to an algorithm we intend to point out that the algorithm arises from satisfying an apparently onerous set of constraints." The "onerous" set of constraints in question are polynomial equations that, if satisfied, imply the existence of a holographic reduction to matchgate realizable constraints. After several years of developing (what is known as) matchgate signature theory, Jin-Yi Cai and Pinyan Lu were able to explain the existence of Valiant's two accidental algorithms. These two problems are just special cases of two much larger families of problems: #2k-1Pl-Rtw-Mon-kCNF and #2k-1Pl-k/2Bip-VC for any positive integer k.
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Energy diagram An energy diagram can be created based on the enthalpy of reaction of the individual steps. The energy diagram can be used to compare homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions: Due to the high activation energy of the dissociation of nitrogen, the homogeneous gas phase reaction is not realizable. The catalyst avoids this problem as the energy gain resulting from the binding of nitrogen atoms to the catalyst surface overcompensates for the necessary dissociation energy so that the reaction is finally exothermic. Nevertheless, the dissociative adsorption of nitrogen remains the rate determining step: not because of the activation energy, but mainly because of the unfavorable pre-exponential factor of the rate constant.
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Shambhala Training is a secular approach to meditation developed by Tibetan Buddhist teacher Chogyam Trungpa and his students.Midal (2001) pp 233-247Gimian (2005) pp 337-345 It is based on what Trungpa calls Shambhala Vision, which sees enlightened society as not purely mythical, but as realizable by people of all faiths through practices of mindfulness/awareness, non-aggression, and sacred outlook.Mukpo, pp 223 He writes: The Shambhala Training teachings cover art, society, and politics and the goal of creating an enlightened society. That goal is presented as not solely a social and political process, but one requiring individuals to develop an awareness of the basic goodness and inherent dignity of themselves, of others, and of the everyday details of the world around them.
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Aside from the several periodicals and conference proceedings mentioned above, Warren also created, published and edited the Peninsula Citizens' Advocate tabloid newspaper, addressing local rural political issues (very irregularly, 1984–1986). Warren was the Futures columnist for Microtimes, writing a monthly "Realizable Fantasies" column (1990–2001); the Government Access columnist for Boardwatch magazine (1994–1996), and the Public Access columnist for Government Technology magazine (1993–1996, 2000). Warren also wrote the nontechnical "Coastside Curmudgeon" column for the Half Moon Bay Review, Half Moon Bay, CA (1994–1996). He also wrote the first invited, refereed survey of early personal computer developments in Computer magazine, a 15-year retrospective called "We, The People, In The Information Age" in Dr. Dobb's Journal, January, 1991, etc.
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Typical deterministic filters are designed for a desired frequency response. However, the design of the Wiener filter takes a different approach. One is assumed to have knowledge of the spectral properties of the original signal and the noise, and one seeks the linear time-invariant filter whose output would come as close to the original signal as possible. Wiener filters are characterized by the following: # Assumption: signal and (additive) noise are stationary linear stochastic processes with known spectral characteristics or known autocorrelation and cross-correlation # Requirement: the filter must be physically realizable/causal (this requirement can be dropped, resulting in a non-causal solution) # Performance criterion: minimum mean-square error (MMSE) This filter is frequently used in the process of deconvolution; for this application, see Wiener deconvolution.
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He commented that "whether there is an aether or not, electromagnetic fields certainly exist, and so also does the energy of the electrical oscillations" so that, "if we do not like the name of 'aether', we must use another word as a peg to hang all these things upon". He concluded that "one cannot deny the bearer of these concepts a certain substantiality".Lorentz wrote: "One cannot deny to the bearer of these properties a certain substantiality, and if so, then one may, in all modesty, call true time the time measured by clocks which are fixed in this medium, and consider simultaneity as a primary concept." However, he went on to say that this was based on his conception of "infinite velocity", which according to his own theory is not physically realizable.
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Ernst Steinitz wrote his dissertation on the subject in 1894, and they were popularized by Hilbert and Cohn-Vossen's 1932 book Anschauliche Geometrie, reprinted in English . Configurations may be studied either as concrete sets of points and lines in a specific geometry, such as the Euclidean or projective planes (these are said to be realizable in that geometry), or as a type of abstract incidence geometry. In the latter case they are closely related to regular hypergraphs and biregular bipartite graphs, but with some additional restrictions: every two points of the incidence structure can be associated with at most one line, and every two lines can be associated with at most one point. That is, the girth of the corresponding bipartite graph (the Levi graph of the configuration) must be at least six.
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As noted above, the difference frequency linewidth can be much smaller than the optical linewidth of the signal and LO signal, provided the two are mutually coherent. Thus small shifts in optical signal center-frequency can be measured: For example, Doppler lidar systems can discriminate wind velocities with a resolution better than 1 meter per second, which is less than a part in a billion Doppler shift in the optical frequency. Likewise small coherent phase shifts can be measured even for nominally incoherent broadband light, allowing optical coherence tomography to image micrometer-sized features. Because of this, an electronic filter can define an effective optical frequency bandpass that is narrower than any realizable wavelength filter operating on the light itself, and thereby enable background light rejection and hence the detection of weak signals.
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The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessed the scientific literature on climate engineering (referred to as "geoengineering" in its reports), in which it considered carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation separately. Its Fifth Assessment Report states: > Models consistently suggest that SRM would generally reduce climate > differences compared to a world with elevated GHG concentrations and no SRM; > however, there would also be residual regional differences in climate (e.g., > temperature and rainfall) when compared to a climate without elevated > GHGs.... Models suggest that if SRM methods were realizable they would be > effective in countering increasing temperatures, and would be less, but > still, effective in countering some other climate changes. SRM would not > counter all effects of climate change, and all proposed geoengineering > methods also carry risks and side effects.
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High temperatures and thermal stress negatively impact reliability, stress migration, decreased mean time between failures, electromigration, wire bonding, metastability and other performance degradation of the SoC over time. In particular, most SoCs are in a small physical area or volume and therefore the effects of waste heat are compounded because there is little room for it to diffuse out of the system. Because of high transistor counts on modern devices due to Moore's law, oftentimes a layout of sufficient throughput and high transistor density is physically realizable from fabrication processes but would result in unacceptably high amounts of heat in the circuit's volume. These thermal effects force SoC and other chip designers to apply conservative design margins, creating less performant devices to mitigate the risk of catastrophic failure.
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Reminiscences of good cooperation between > the Germans and Slavic peoples in the middle of Europe before the First > World War, and in part also still between the wars, are awakened whenever > journalists or historians travel to Poland, Czechoslovakia, or Hungary. In > that atmosphere it seems imperative to express how closely one feels > connected to representatives of these nations. This is understandable, but > it cannot all merge into a notion of "Central Europe" that could be > misunderstood as taking up the old concept again, which is, as I have said, > no longer realizable. In a word, I think the effort to latch on to the > connections torn apart in 1945, because of the outcome of the war, and then > in turn because of the Cold War, is a sensible political task, especially > for West Germans.
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Building on the founding discoveries and theories in the history of quantum mechanics, the first theoretical calculations in chemistry were those of Walter Heitler and Fritz London in 1927, using valence bond theory. The books that were influential in the early development of computational quantum chemistry include Linus Pauling and E. Bright Wilson's 1935 Introduction to Quantum Mechanics – with Applications to Chemistry, Eyring, Walter and Kimball's 1944 Quantum Chemistry, Heitler's 1945 Elementary Wave Mechanics – with Applications to Quantum Chemistry, and later Coulson's 1952 textbook Valence, each of which served as primary references for chemists in the decades to follow. With the development of efficient computer technology in the 1940s, the solutions of elaborate wave equations for complex atomic systems began to be a realizable objective. In the early 1950s, the first semi-empirical atomic orbital calculations were performed.
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Aristotelian realism is defended by James Franklin and the Sydney School in the philosophy of mathematics and is close to the view of Penelope Maddy that when an egg carton is opened, a set of three eggs is perceived (that is, a mathematical entity realized in the physical world).Maddy, Penelope (1990), Realism in Mathematics, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. A problem for Aristotelian realism is what account to give of higher infinities, which may not be realizable in the physical world. The Euclidean arithmetic developed by John Penn Mayberry in his book The Foundations of Mathematics in the Theory of Sets also falls into the Aristotelian realist tradition. Mayberry, following Euclid, considers numbers to be simply "definite multitudes of units" realized in nature—such as "the members of the London Symphony Orchestra" or "the trees in Birnam wood".
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Another result of the above-mentioned findings was the identification of 'real experimentally realizable macroscopic systems violating Bell's inequalities'. Around this time Luigi Accardi, proved that the violation of Bell's inequalities is equivalent to the non-existence of one Kolmogorovian probability model for the considered joint experiments. An intriguing implication of Accardi's findings was that the macroscopic systems violating Bell's inequalities identified by Aerts should entail a non-Kolmogorovian probability structure, possibly even a quantum probability structure, which, at that time, was very much contrary to general belief. It motivated Aerts to conduct an in-depth investigation, which yielded new concrete macroscopic models based on genuine quantum structure, as well as a new explanation, namely that quantum structure appears as a consequence of the presence of fluctuations on the interaction between the measurement apparatus and the entity under investigation.
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The development of the railSAR began in 1988 as part of an exploratory research program that aimed to create technology that could detect targets camouflaged or hidden by trees and foliage cover. While early efforts faced considerable challenges, advancements in analog-to-digital (A/D) converter technology, source technology, and signal-processing power allowed ARL researchers to produce a realizable system and grasp a better understanding of foliage and ground penetrating radar. Attention was focused particularly on analyzing the basic phenomenology of impulse radar, especially the propagation effects of targets, clutter, and targets embedded in clutter. The railSAR had four 4.5 ft long, linear 200-ohm TEM horn antennas, two for transmitting and two for receiving, mounted on a rotating, non-conducting frame that was anchored on a hinged plate constructed out of aluminum honeycomb and covered in anechoic foam.
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Power handling capability is also doubled when the number of drivers doubles, for a maximum realizable increase of ~6 dB in total acoustic output per doubling of mutually coupled drivers when the total amplifier power is also doubled. Mutual coupling efficiency gains become difficult to realize with multiple drivers at higher frequencies because the total size of a single driver including its diaphragm, basket, waveguide or horn may already exceed one wavelength. Sources that are much smaller than a wavelength behave like point sources that radiate omnidirectionally in free space, whereas sources larger than a wavelength act as their own 'ground plane' and beam the sound forward. This beaming tends to make high frequency dispersion problematic in larger venues, so a designer may have to cover the listening area with multiple sources aimed in various directions or placed in various locations.
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The former government neglected the discussion on the nuclear issue with the North during the summit twice, and struck a mass aid deal without any sort of social consensus and examination on the ways and means of the funding, which some say created an unnecessary burden to the Korean people. The government's stance towards North Korea was not to violate the agreement made between the heads of the two Koreas, but to mull over the economic feasibility and realizable possibility through negotiation based on mutual trust and respect, and prioritizing going forward with the project. During a press conference, the two leaders expressed hope that North Korea would disclose the details of their nuclear weapons program, and pledged their commitment to resolve the issue through the multilateral six-party talks. Lee also gave assurances that both the U.S. and South Korea would use dialogue to end the crisis.
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Finally he criticizes the drifts of a discipline that privileges mathematical virtuosity at the expense of realism. With this "new scholastic totalitarianism" he moved away, in the 60s, from the analysis of the general equilibrium developed by Walras and replace it with a study focusing on real markets rather than a utopian market, favoring the study of imbalance and based on the idea of surplus. The economic dynamics are thus characterized by the research, the realization and the distribution of a surplus and there is a general equilibrium when there is no longer any realizable surplus. Allais’s Hereditary, Relativist and Logistic (HRL) theory of monetary dynamics contains an original theory of expectations formation that is a genuine alternative to both adaptive and rational expectations.Allais, M. (1965), Reformulation de la théorie quantitative de la monnaie, Société d’études et de documentation économiques, industrielles et sociales (SEDEIS), Paris.
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Elite theory opposes pluralism (more than one system of power), a tradition that emphasized how multiple major social groups and interests have influence upon and various forms of representation within more powerful sets of rulers, contributing to decently representative political outcomes that reflect the collective needs of a society. Elite theory argues either that democracy is a utopian folly, as it is traditionally viewed in the conservative Italian tradition, or that democracy in its idealized form is not realizable within capitalism (a common view of Marxist-inspired elite theorists). Even when entire groups are ostensibly completely excluded from the state's traditional networks of power (historically, on the basis of arbitrary criteria such as nobility, race, gender, or religion), elite theory recognizes that "counter-elites" frequently develop within such excluded groups. Negotiations between such disenfranchised groups and the state can be analyzed as negotiations between elites and counter-elites.
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But a thesis concerning the extent of effective > methods—which is to say, concerning the extent of procedures of a certain > sort that a human being unaided by machinery is capable of carrying > out—carries no implication concerning the extent of the procedures that > machines are capable of carrying out, even machines acting in accordance > with 'explicitly stated rules.' For among a machine's repertoire of atomic > operations there may be those that no human being unaided by machinery can > perform."Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: "The Church–Turing thesis" – > by B. Jack Copeland. On the other hand, a modification of Turing's assumptions does bring practical computation within Turing's limits; as David Deutsch puts it: > "I can now state the physical version of the Church–Turing principle: 'Every > finitely realizable physical system can be perfectly simulated by a > universal model computing machine operating by finite means.
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Since the superpositions where a version of the experimenter lives occur by quantum necessity (under the many-worlds interpretation), it follows that their survival, after any realizable number of iterations, is physically necessary; hence, the notion of quantum immortality. A version of the experimenter surviving stands in stark contrast to the implications of the Copenhagen interpretation, according to which, although the survival outcome is possible in every iteration, its probability tends towards zero as the number of iterations increases. According to the many-worlds interpretation, the above scenario has the opposite property: the probability of a version of the experimenter living is necessarily one for any number of iterations. In the book Our Mathematical Universe, Max Tegmark lays out three criteria that, in abstract, a quantum suicide experiment must fulfill: # The random number generator must be quantum, not deterministic, so that the experimenter enters a state of superposition of being dead and alive.
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Adrienne Monnier rejected the book after Cahun presented to her in 1928 after Monnier had recommended they write a confessional. Cahun responded: > "You have told me to write a confession because you know only too well that > this is currently the only literary task that might seem to me first and > foremost realizable, where I feel at ease, permit myself a direct link, > contact with the real world, with the facts."Letter from Lucie Schwob to > Adrienne Monnier, Paris, 23 July 1926. Fonds Adreinne Monnier, Bibliothèque > Littéraire Jacques Doucet [BLDJ], Paris, MS 8718 B’ I 11. Original Quote: > "Vous m'avez dit d'écrire une confession parce que vous savez bien que c'est > actuellement la seule tâche littéraire qui puisse m’apparaître tout d’abord > réalisable, où je me sente à l’aise, me permettant une prise directe, un > contact avec la vie concrète, avec les faits....Mais je crois avoir bien > compris de quelle façon, sous quelle forme vous entendiez cette confession > "(en somme : sans tricherie d'aucune sorte).
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Kovel also criticises their "fairy-tale" view of history, which refers to the abuse of "natural capital" by the materialism of the Scientific Revolution, an assumption that, in Kovel's eyes, seems to suggest that "nature had toiled to put the gift of capital into human hands", rather than capitalism being a product of social relations in human history. Other forms of community-based economics are also rejected by eco-socialists such as Kovel, including followers of E. F. Schumacher and some members of the cooperative movement, for advocating "no more than a very halting and isolated first step". He thinks that their principles are "only partially realizable within the institutions of cooperatives in capitalist society" because "the internal cooperation" of cooperatives is "forever hemmed in and compromised" by the need to expand value and compete within the market. Marx also believed that cooperatives within capitalism make workers into "their own capitalist [...] by enabling them to use the means of production for the employment of their own labour".
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The uniform matroid U{}^2_4 (the four-point line) is not regular: it cannot be realized over the two-element finite field GF(2), so it is not a binary matroid, although it can be realized over all other fields. The matroid of the Fano plane (a rank-three matroid in which seven of the triples of points are dependent) and its dual are also not regular: they can be realized over GF(2), and over all fields of characteristic two, but not over any other fields than those. As showed, these three examples are fundamental to the theory of regular matroids: every non- regular matroid has at least one of these three as a minor. Thus, the regular matroids are exactly the matroids that do not have one of the three forbidden minors U{}^2_4, the Fano plane, or its dual.. If a matroid is regular, it must clearly be realizable over the two fields GF(2) and GF(3).
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The Hesse configuration can be realized in the complex projective plane as the 9 inflection points of an elliptic curve and the 12 lines through triples of inflection points. If a given set of nine points in the complex plane is the set of inflections of an elliptic curve C, it is also the set of inflections of every curve in a pencil of curves generated by C and by the Hessian curve of C, the Hesse pencil.. The Hessian polyhedron is a representation of the Hesse configuration in the complex plane. The Hesse configuration shares with the Möbius–Kantor configuration the property of having a complex realization but not being realizable by points and straight lines in the Euclidean plane. In the Hesse configuration, every two points are connected by a line of the configuration (the defining property of the Sylvester–Gallai configurations) and therefore every line through two of its points contains a third point.
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Non ideal compressible fluid dynamics, abbreviated as NICFD, is a branch of fluid mechanics studying the actual characteristics of dense vapors, supercritical flows and compressible two-phase flows, namely whereby the thermodynamic behavior of the fluid differs considerably from that of a perfect gas. At high reduced pressure and temperature, close to the saturation curve the speed of sound is largely sensitive to density variations along isentropes. Consequently, the fluid flow departs from the ideality assumption and under particular conditions may even exhibit non classical gas dynamic phenomena, whose nature is governed by the value of the fundamental derivative of gas-dynamics Γ. A non-monotonic Mach number trend along an expansion is typical for 0 < Γ < 1, while for Γ < 0 values admit the occurrence of inverse gas-dynamics phenomena such as rarefaction shock waves , splitting waves or even composite waves. Inverse gas-dynamics behavior has been theoretically predicted for heavy complex molecules in the vapor region,and a recent study discovered that two-phase rarefaction shock waves are physically realizable close to the critical point.
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The Way and the Mountain, p. xxxvii. This was followed by The Way and the Mountain (1960)Marco Pallis, The Way and the Mountain (London: Peter Owen Limited, 1960, 1991; and Bloomington, IN: World Wisdom, 2008). and by A Buddhist Spectrum (1980),Marco Pallis, A Buddhist Spectrum: Contributions to Buddhist-Christian Dialogue (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1980; New York: The Seabury Press, 1981; and Bloomington, IN: World Wisdom, 2003). both collections of essays that attempt to deal “with a number of Buddhist themes of prime importance in such a fashion as to make up . . . a coherent view of the world and of a human destiny realizable in this world as seen through Buddhist eyes”A Buddhist Spectrum, p. xi. Several of Pallis’ essays were also included in Jacob Needleman’s The Sword of Gnosis.Jacob Needleman, The Sword of Gnosis: Metaphysics, Cosmology, Tradition, Symbolism (New York: Penguin, 1974) After his final journey to Tibet, while living in Kalimpong, Pallis wrote a short book in the Tibetan language addressing the dangers posed to Tibet by the encroachment of modern culture.See “Haven’t We Met?”, Time Magazine, Monday, 4 Dec. 1950.
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It is possible to prove a stronger form of Steinitz's theorem, that any polyhedral graph can be realized by a convex polyhedron for which all of the vertex coordinates are integers. For instance, Steinitz's original induction-based proof can be strengthened in this way. However, the integers that would result from this construction are doubly exponential in the number of vertices of the given polyhedral graph. Writing down numbers of this magnitude in binary notation would require an exponential number of bits.. Subsequent researchers have found lifting-based realization algorithms that use only O(n) bits per vertex... It is also possible to relax the requirement that the coordinates be integers, and assign coordinates in such a way that the x-coordinates of the vertices are distinct integers in the range [0,2n − 4] and the other two coordinates are real numbers in the range [0,1], so that each edge has length at least one while the overall polyhedron has volume O(n).. Some polyhedral graphs are known to be realizable on grids of only polynomial size; in particular this is true for the pyramids (realizations of wheel graphs), prisms (realizations of prism graphs), and stacked polyhedra (realizations of Apollonian networks)..
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