Aren't monarchies expensive and aren't European nations streamlining their monarchies for this very reason?
|
|
PA: I think you have different systems of monarchies in various monarchies in Europe, and also worldwide.
|
|
But constitutional monarchies and absolute monarchies have about as much in common as actual republics like the US, Ireland, and France do with dictatorial "people's republics" like China, Laos, or North Korea.
|
|
Some of them, arguably, are barely monarchies (Australia keeps the arrangement largely because choosing another would be contentious) and many are tiny (Tonga, Lesotho and Liechtenstein come to mind), but plenty of influential countries (Britain, Denmark, Japan, the Netherlands, Spain, Thailand) are monarchies, and there are plenty of monarchies in an important part of the world (the Middle East).
|
|
He certainly likes the pomp and ceremony of foreign monarchies.
|
|
Apparently we allow members of foreign monarchies to become Americans.
|
|
Both governments rely heavily on aid from the Gulf monarchies.
|
|
Their core arguments: Countries with monarchies are better off because royal families act as a unifying force and a powerful symbol; monarchies rise above politics; and nations with royalty are generally richer and more stable.
|
|
Monarchies were less ruthless and more dexterous than the brittle republics.
|
|
Daenerys Targaryen wasn't "against monarchies, just oppression in general," he said.
|
|
This was a dumb rationale, given that constitutional monarchies are great.
|
|
Not long after, the monarchies fell, with the changes evaporating into the
|
|
His status among the Gulf monarchies has only risen since the inauguration.
|
|
But by Republic's own admission, monarchies don't have to be that expensive.
|
|
In 33, republican revolts against European monarchies ended in failure and repression.
|
|
The monarchies — Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Oman, Kuwait and the Emirates — can offer America military bases, but as a recent drone attack on Saudi oil facilities made abundantly clear, the monarchies on their own are no match for Iran.
|
|
None of these are developed democracies; Oman, Jordan and the U.A.E. are monarchies.
|
|
There are even significant movements to revive defunct monarchies, in Iraq and Romania.
|
|
Now the two Arab monarchies are fighting directly against Iranian allies in Yemen.
|
|
Which is not to say that elective monarchies are unheard of in history.
|
|
Japan's royal family is out of step with monarchies elsewhere in the world.
|
|
The power of constitutional monarchies depends on circumstances and history but is often underestimated.
|
|
If only all deposed monarchies would spend their time selling pasta from a truck.
|
|
Jordan has traditionally turned to monarchies in the Gulf to shore up its economy.
|
|
Unlike typical European monarchies, there is no automatic succession from father to eldest son.
|
|
Saudi Arabia versus Iran, monarchies and secular autocrats versus political Islamists, and citizens versus
|
|
Like the monarchies, the democracies in the region tended to survive the Arab Spring.
|
|
And the Gulf monarchies, led by Saudi Arabia, entered an open confrontation with Qatar.
|
|
Japan is one of the few monarchies that do not allow women to reign.
|
|
Sudan's relationship to the oil-rich Gulf monarchies has always been a tortured one.
|
|
Sudan's relationship to the oil-rich Gulf monarchies has always been a tortured one.
|
|
The mostly Sunni rebels include groups supported by Turkey, the United States and Gulf monarchies.
|
|
The Gulf monarchies are sending more troops and vying for a role in peace talks.
|
|
Like Mr Obama, Mr Trump refers to the Gulf's oil-rich Sunni monarchies with disdain.
|
|
Jordan has traditionally turned to Arab monarchies in the Gulf to shore up its economy.
|
|
Strikingly, all the Arab leaders who were overthrown in 2011 were heading republics, not monarchies.
|
|
Some mock these states as jumlikiyat, an Arabic neologism combining jumhuriyat (republics) and malakiyat (monarchies).
|
|
Leaders in Saudi Arabia and the Emirates were terrified that their monarchies would soon follow.
|
|
But those monarchies need ties to the larger Arab states, which are now in disarray.
|
|
This was a period of consolidation across Europe, as strong monarchies absorbed smaller, weaker neighbors.
|
|
This was clearly more than an occasion for monarchies to show support for each other.
|
|
Curiously, monarchies were more resilient to the strains and stresses of these uprisings than republics.
|
|
A recent study that examined the economic performance of monarchies versus republics bolsters their views.
|
|
"We support the retention and restoration of monarchies anywhere in the world," Count Tolstoy said.
|
|
In doing so they have split the Gulf Co-operation Council, the club of oil monarchies.
|
|
The crime of lese majeste -- insulting the royal family -- is enforced by monarchies around the globe.
|
|
When the Gulf monarchies embargoed Qatar, Turkey sent cargo planes full of food and other goods.
|
|
The king presides over one of the world's most peculiar monarchies, established at independence in 1957.
|
|
Old leaders are nothing new in the Arab world, where monarchies and dictatorships are the norm.
|
|
In countries that are not constitutional monarchies, however, it can be a divisive or impossible process.
|
|
Friendly Arab monarchies have survived and are moving towards a tacit alliance with Israel against Iran.
|
|
First, the region's autocratic political model has failed, though monarchies have stood up better than republics.
|
|
Despite the similarities of the Gulf monarchies, they have diverging regional outlooks, economies and political systems.
|
|
Not only the Japanese imperial family but also other constitutional monarchies may one day self-destruct.
|
|
Is it a better form of government than other systems, such as dictatorships, oligarchies and monarchies?
|
|
In recent decades, though, it has escaped the kind of scandals that have damaged monarchies elsewhere.
|
|
Which got us thinking — what are coronation traditions for the nearly 30 active monarchies around the world?
|
|
Structurally, the president occupies the same position in American politics as kings and queens do in monarchies.
|
|
Snow leopards inhabit monarchies, republics and communist states where Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism, Taoism and Christianity are practiced.
|
|
The wide array of rebel groups include some supported by Turkey, the United States and Gulf monarchies.
|
|
There was a growing push at the time for democracy to replace the prevailing monarchies and dictatorships.
|
|
Jefferson felt that delivering an address before Congress was too aristocratic and similar to practices in monarchies.
|
|
The document also required the federal government to ensure that states not degenerate into monarchies or dictatorships.
|
|
But this much is clear: A king's role in Malaysia has little parallel among the world's monarchies.
|
|
But Sean L. Yom, a political-science professor at Temple University who studies Middle Eastern governments, said that stability might be fleeting: With some of those monarchies propped up by oil money rather than a love of any royal family, "monarchies are on their way out," Mr. Yom said.
|
|
The show catches Catherine back when she's young, fierce, and righteous, before she's broken by men and monarchies.
|
|
The UAE, a federation of seven tiny desert monarchies, has become a lucrative honeypot for US military contractors.
|
|
The oil monarchies of the Arabian (or Persian) Gulf have moved to the centre of the Arab world.
|
|
This special report will examine how Gulf monarchies achieved all this, and the consequences of their new prominence.
|
|
They often wanted restorations—of monarchies, of the power of the clergy, of the status of the aristocracy.
|
|
Since 2002, the number of districts has more than doubled; the number of "traditional" monarchies has grown too.
|
|
He blames the zealous salafist foundations from the Gulf monarchies that poured into the region in the 1990s.
|
|
Perhaps more important than heritage, though, has been the ability of both monarchies to adapt to changing times.
|
|
The regime, backed by Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, also Sunni-led monarchies, responded with violence.
|
|
Monarchies have done better, but they still cannot claim the right to rule on the basis of inheritance.
|
|
Gulf monarchies, which oppose the Assad regime, have long supported some of its most hardline, pro-jihad enemies.
|
|
Now President Trump, Israel and the Sunni Arab monarchies of the Persian Gulf want to change all that.
|
|
Sunni monarchies like the United Arab Emirates, fearing uprisings at home, consolidated behind Saudi leadership and against Qatar.
|
|
Sunni Arab monarchies fear that Shiite-majority Iran will establish a "Shiite crescent" from Afghanistan to the Mediterranean.
|
|
Oprah may be her own kind of queen, but she certainly doesn't have the ability to dismantle monarchies.
|
|
Like other Gulf Arab monarchies, Qatar tightly controls freedom of expression, with self-censorship prevalent among national newspapers.
|
|
Forms of constitutional monarchies took root, at least for some time, in emerging economies like Malaysia and Thailand.
|
|
In 1979, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini called for overthrowing pro-American monarchies in the Gulf, including the Saudi kingdom.
|
|
Monarchies turn into tyranny, aristocracies become oligarchies, and democracies tend toward anarchy—unless they check and balance each other.
|
|
Political considerations must be weighed — the role of America and the Sunni Arab monarchies, and Russia's likely hostile response.
|
|
The history of Europe's monarchies is, mildly put, insane, and you won't be able to get enough of it.
|
|
Republics and limited monarchies derive their strength and vigor from a popular examination into the action of the magistrates.
|
|
Ro Khanna (Calif.) pointed out, is the turnover rate in Congress less than it is in some European Monarchies?
|
|
It's a bit less clear, at this early stage, what politics will look like for monarchies and tribal societies.
|
|
In fact, the monarchies in Luxembourg, Belgium, Denmark, and Sweden all cost less than the German presidency as well.
|
|
In addition, the Persian Gulf monarchies that America sees as its containment front line are not united against Iran.
|
|
The Arab republics supported their fellow republicans in Yemen while the Saudi and Iranian monarchies supported their fellow royalists.
|
|
The most populous of the seven absolute monarchies that constitute the United Arab Emirates has only modest oil reserves.
|
|
The array of mostly Sunni rebel groups also include factions supported by the Gulf monarchies and the United States.
|
|
But the more populist vision promoted by Brotherhood brands implicitly threatens the hereditary monarchies of the Persian Gulf region.
|
|
The first democracies built their legitimacy on that of monarchies, then common, with a few proper nouns swapped around.
|
|
Iran, the Middle East's preeminent Shia power, is typically at odds with the Sunni Muslim monarchies of the Gulf.
|
|
Obama and his core team of longtime advisers have been increasingly vocal about their discontent with the Gulf monarchies.
|
|
Qatar denies accusations that it supports Islamist militants and Shi'ite Iran, arch regional foe of the Sunni Gulf Arab monarchies.
|
|
Missiles could target infrastructure in Gulf monarchies, including water and power plants, oil refineries and export terminals, and petrochemical factories.
|
|
In democratic states (constitutional republics like ours and constitutional monarchies like Great Britain), the military rests firmly under civilian control.
|
|
U.S. policymakers, he said, need the best available information on the internal politics and family feuds of Middle Eastern monarchies.
|
|
Checks into companies of all sorts have come from the epic capital pool, sourced in large part from theocratic monarchies.
|
|
Yet all these monarchies and peoples went into the war with the firm belief that God was on their side.
|
|
Monarchies have to worry about bloodlines and legitimacy, because there are always pretenders out there ready to seize the throne.
|
|
Except for oil monarchies that built glittering cities in the desert, most Arab economies were unable to deliver lasting prosperity.
|
|
People talk loosely about American democracy, but the framers of the Constitution — wary of monarchies — created, more precisely, a republic.
|
|
What if Saudi Arabia and the other Gulf monarchies try to repay Trump's support as president by meddling in 2020?
|
|
US policymakers, he said, need the best available information on the internal politics and family feuds of Middle Eastern monarchies.
|
|
Early naturalists peered into hives and mounds and simply saw a reflection of their own monarchies or socialist utopian dreams.
|
|
While a member of the Gulf Cooperation Council, a grouping of Arab monarchies, Oman has often charted its own course.
|
|
That influence is currently being used to prioritize US military and financial relationships with the Gulf monarchies over human rights concerns.
|
|
Hong Kong (CNN)The crime of lese majeste -- insulting the royal family -- is a law enforced by monarchies around the globe.
|
|
Unlike republics, which mark a rupture with the religious and tribal institutions of the past, monarchies tend to build on them.
|
|
"In 1848, three or four monarchies were deposed, but not in Britain, and that's because the British monarchy didn't seem remote."
|
|
Similar arrangements hold in the other countries of the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC), a six-member club of oil monarchies.
|
|
The Gulf monarchies are probably hoping for a fresh start with someone other than Mr Obama, but they could be disappointed.
|
|
Saudi Arabia and the U.A.E., which share a border, are both hereditary monarchies, dominated by Sunnis, and their interests often align.
|
|
Gulf monarchies have accused the Shi'ite group of also supporting the Houthi group in Yemen and of backing militants in Bahrain.
|
|
The prince's assets were seized, but he was not stripped of his nationality, a punishment Gulf monarchies have employed against dissidents.
|
|
More broadly, the suit also calls new attention to Israel's increasingly open alliance with Saudi Arabia and other Persian Gulf monarchies.
|
|
Countries rarely embrace democracy as their first choice; they have often tried monarchies, oligarchies or other forms of coercive government first.
|
|
As autocrats fell like dominoes, the Saudi royal family, along with the Arab world's other monarchies, realized they might be next.
|
|
The oil-rich monarchies of the Persian Gulf have relied for decades on the promise of protection by the U.S. military.
|
|
The oil-rich monarchies of the Persian Gulf have relied for decades on the promise of protection by the U.S. military.
|
|
Still, the study noted that some current monarchies lack basic democratic freedoms, including in Brunei, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Swaziland.
|
|
It was founded in 1943 on the belief that the monarchies of Eastern Europe could be a bulwark against Soviet expansion.
|
|
Ideas like "dark enlightenment" (that pre-enlightenment authority structures like monarchies are ideal), "racial realism" (racism clad in pseudoscience), and outright fascism.
|
|
But for now their interests coincide, in building a counter-balance against the alliance of the US and the conservative Gulf monarchies.
|
|
Throughout the turbulence of the Arab spring the monarchies were splurging out, raising salaries and launching new projects to maintain popular support.
|
|
Our elections have been essential to distinguishing our country from autocracies, dictatorships, and monarchies where democratic power has been checked or stifled.
|
|
Even more than that, Emperor Akihito has been "monarchizing" the emperorship, in Dr. Gluck's words, making it more akin to European monarchies.
|
|
They are also not allowed to reign on the throne, which puts Japan out of step with other monarchies around the world.
|
|
Or the President Trump who is promising to get tougher with Iran, the great Shia scourge of the Sunni Arab monarchies here?
|
|
The specter of mass mobilizations, in the form of political Islam, against other Western-backed monarchies in the region terrified the Saudis.
|
|
Christopher Davidson, author of "After the Sheikhs," a book that explores the collapse of Gulf monarchies, has also questioned this week's announcements.
|
|
They believe that countries with exiled royals should return them to the throne, and that nations without monarchies should consider a switch.
|
|
Subsequent Korean history was dominated by two monarchies: Goryeo (1503-21000), from which the name "Korea" eventually evolved, and Choson (2110-21000).
|
|
Danny Crichton: It's too bad we couldn't fund the global innovation ecosystem without taking money from theocratic monarchies that murder their own people.
|
|
Rebels in northwest Syria fighting to oust President Bashar al-Assad also include groups supported by Turkey, the United States and Gulf monarchies.
|
|
Another reason is that many of the poor, weak monarchies have already gone, and some of the enduring ones have pots of money.
|
|
Even in constitutional monarchies, where democracy's future is not in question, the appeal of a monarchy is more obvious in these contentious times.
|
|
Formulated by President James Monroe in 1823, this was an expression of solidarity with the fledgling Latin American republics against European absolute monarchies.
|
|
Meanwhile, Israel, emboldened by the Trump administration and tacit support from Gulf monarchies, will likely step up its aerial campaign against Iranian targets.
|
|
Revolutions and a couple of world wars brought monarchies tumbling down across Europe; they clung on only in the southern, northern and western peripheries.
|
|
Barack Obama arrived in Saudi Arabia on a visit aimed at repairing strained relations with the Gulf monarchies following his nuclear deal with Iran.
|
|
The monarchies have frequently justified these crackdowns as a reaction to external threats, from either transnational Islamist movements or from hostile states like Iran.
|
|
Britain is trying to build on traditionally strong ties with conservative, oil-wealthy Gulf Arab monarchies before its planned departure from the European Union.
|
|
"The same talking heads never mention the rampant crackdowns by the absolute monarchies, theocracies and ruthless strongmen allied with the U.S.," Ms. Simonyan added.
|
|
Few authoritarian regimes have established means of tidily transferring power from one leader to the next (except for monarchies, which often rely on heredity).
|
|
Since the Arab Spring uprisings, Israel and those monarchies also appear to have found an alignment of interest in defending the established Arab order.
|
|
As Cameron Glenn of the Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars explains in a January 2016 article: In Iran, the theocracy strongly rejects monarchies.
|
|
HILARY POTTSLondon There are two additional factors to the ones you mentioned in "Sovereign immunity" (April 27th) that explain why constitutional monarchies have survived modernity.
|
|
The 64-year old will adopt the new title King Rama X of the Chakri dynasty, leading one of Asia's richest and most powerful monarchies.
|
|
Mideast republics generally aren't prone to moderation, and the region's monarchies are always replaced by far worse, from Afghanistan to Iran, from Iraq to Libya.
|
|
At the time that may have been justifiable: The overthrow of the monarchies in Cambodia and Laos raised existential fears for the palace in Bangkok.
|
|
Though Japan's royal family has a much lower public profile than some of the world's other monarchies, the emperor remains a revered figure within Japan.
|
|
Yet the newspaper did nothing to inform readers of the op-ed about the very salient connections between these think tanks and the Arab monarchies.
|
|
Mr. Trump has also sent message to rich Gulf monarchies, sitting on 40 percent of world oil reserves and clamoring for "safe zones" in Syria.
|
|
The wide array of mostly Sunni rebel factions includes some jihadists as well as some groups supported by the United States, Turkey and Gulf monarchies.
|
|
It was an instance of a republic following the bad example of European monarchies, in not considering justice in their desire to acquire additional territory.
|
|
Monarchies produce great paintings, but democracy teaches citizens to put their art into action, to take their creative impulses and build a world around them.
|
|
"The latest gigantic arms sales of the American president with the Gulf monarchies increase the risk of a new arms race spiral," he told the newspaper.
|
|
His role will be similar to the prime ministers in monarchies such as Jordan and Morocco, who are handpicked and overshadowed by those countries' powerful kings.
|
|
As a diplomat's wife in Europe, she was a republican surrounded by the baubles of monarchies, sometimes a court favorite but always something of an exotic.
|
|
The Crown's ability to take something as complex as the post–WWI fall of European monarchies and distill it into a deeply human story is admirable.
|
|
Iran reaps the spoils of the war on ISIS Sunni militants have long seen the western democracies -- and, by extension, the Gulf monarchies -- as their adversaries.
|
|
All forms of authoritarianism are susceptible: one-party states (think China or Cuba), monarchies (Saudi Arabia) or military dictatorships (Thailand today, others in the recent past).
|
|
Mr. Trump at times has appeared to side with the Arab monarchies against his own cabinet secretaries — including in the bitter regional dispute against neighboring Qatar.
|
|
And Persian Gulf monarchies like Saudi Arabia, which once staunchly backed the Palestinians, now worry more about Iran's regional influence, a concern they share with Israel.
|
|
The American commitment to protect the Gulf monarchies has its roots in 1945, when Franklin D. Roosevelt met with Saudi Arabia's first king, Abdelaziz ibn Saud.
|
|
Madison wanted to make sure government couldn't antagonize its citizens and overstep its governmental authority, as monarchies and the Church had done for centuries in Europe.
|
|
The two have feuded over Qatar's support for the Muslim Brotherhood, the Islamist movement that many Persian Gulf monarchies see as a threat to their hereditary kingdoms.
|
|
The mostly Sunni rebels include groups backed by the United States, Turkey and Gulf monarchies as well as hardline jihadists who are not supported by the West.
|
|
With a broader power base than military dictatorships, monarchies have less need for the repression more often seen in Egypt, Iraq, Syria and Algeria to keep power.
|
|
The events were a part of a series of revolutions in 1848 in which revolutionaries across Europe protested centuries-old monarchies in Sicily, Germany, Italy, and Austria.
|
|
"The other GCC countries have not managed to come anywhere close," she added, referring to the six-nation Gulf Cooperation Council of mostly oil-rich Arab monarchies.
|
|
It's unclear exactly what he posted, but media reports say they were derogatory remarks directed against the royal family of Johor — one of the country's nine monarchies.
|
|
And since Gulf monarchies cannot find enough jobs for their own people, the safety valve of emigration to work in the Gulf has closed to other Arabs.
|
|
Assad has gained the military upper hand against an array of rebel groups, including some that have received backing from the United States, Turkey and Gulf monarchies.
|
|
Syria's civil war pits Assad, backed by Iran, Russia and some Shi'ite militias, against mostly Sunni Arab rebels backed by Turkey, Gulf monarchies and the United States.
|
|
The dismissed complaint in Thailand alleges the Illuminati played a role in the fall of monarchies in Europe and is now seeking to destroy Thailand's royal traditions.
|
|
Typically, first state visits by American presidents are made to closely allied Western democracies such as Canada rather than to absolute monarchies such as the Saudi kingdom.
|
|
Over the last two years, Somalia has also emerged as a central battleground between Persian Gulf monarchies competing for power and profits in the Horn of Africa.
|
|
Prosecutors have been trying to determine whether the gulf monarchies might have spent money to try to influence Mr. Trump's political activities, including his 2016 presidential campaign.
|
|
After the Arab Spring, some analysts noted that monarchies like Morocco, Jordan and the Gulf States demonstrated much more stability than countries like Iraq, Libya and Egypt.
|
|
Delays to the Guggenheim project have made it a high-profile test of the attempts by the Persian Gulf monarchies to diversify their economies away from petroleum.
|
|
"This was completely unprecedented – not only in Saudi Arabia, but among all Arab monarchies," said Steffen Hertog, a leading Saudi Arabia scholar at the London School of Economics.
|
|
The wide array of rebels - including hardline jihadists and other groups supported by Turkey, the United States and Gulf monarchies - have been on the back-foot across Syria.
|
|
In his analysis of the power structures which define the region, Mr Vatikiotis, a private diplomat, analyses the role of monarchies and elite groups in perpetuating political uncertainty.
|
|
The United States remains deeply enmeshed in Gulf security, cooperating closely with the monarchies to strengthen their armed forces and share intelligence aimed at countering Islamist militant groups.
|
|
Ultimately, constitutional monarchies will only exist for as long as the public wishes them to be there, for as long as they capture the public's imagination, said Bastin.
|
|
During Europe's great age of exploration in the 16th and 17th centuries, many monarchies set up private companies to take on the risk of venturing into unknown territories.
|
|
If this disposition of forces persists, Iran will have an invaluable geo-strategic position for possible future use against Israel, Jordan or the Arabian Peninsula's oil-producing monarchies.
|
|
Unlike the Arab nationalists, whose legitimacy was based on fighting colonial-era bogeymen and establishing secular and pseudo-democratic rule, the Arab monarchies all survived the Arab Spring.
|
|
Qatar and the United Arab Emirates are both small, conservative, oil-rich monarchies and close American allies, but they have been locked for years in an escalating feud.
|
|
After all, the Catholic Church put the latin in Latin America: From Borikén to Tenochtitlán, pre-Colombian civilizations were forced under the Catholic monarchies of Spain and Portugal.
|
|
Several Arab monarchies, including Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, are also intensely hostile to the Islamist Muslim Brotherhood, a prime target of the anti-jihad movement.
|
|
The 1680s saw three separate monarchies in England: Charles II reigned until his death in 1685; James II then came to the throne until the Revolution of 1688.
|
|
Cameron Glenn of the Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars writes that this was a real challenge to the Saudi system: In Iran, the theocracy strongly rejects monarchies.
|
|
On Thursday, Obama will attend a summit of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), a group of monarchies comprising Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates and Oman.
|
|
They still enjoy great historical and ceremonial privilege: Denmark, Norway and Sweden all have Lutheran monarchies, and Germany's current president, Joachim Gauck, happens to be a former Lutheran pastor.
|
|
"The emperor himself was friends with Queen Beatrix and King Albert since his days as crown prince," said Naotaka Kimizuka, an expert in European monarchies at Kanto Gakuin University.
|
|
"Royal families across the world have to engage in a very delicate balancing act between tradition and modernity," said Boston University associate professor Arianne Chernock, who researches European monarchies.
|
|
And having a small population, as the Gulf monarchies do, reduces the danger that an angry crowd will storm the palace and stick the monarch's head on a pike.
|
|
Other monarchies are worried that unrest in the U.S. ally could spill over across the region where other countries such as Bahrain and Egypt have been facing similar challenges.
|
|
Islamic State has pledged to overthrow the monarchies of the Gulf and mounted a series of attacks on Shi'ite Muslim mosques and security forces in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.
|
|
The United States, which has supported some FSA groups during the war along with Turkey and Gulf monarchies, has targeted Tahrir al-Sham leaders with air strikes since January.
|
|
It is the only one of the Gulf monarchies to have faced serious unrest during the Arab Spring protests that swept the Middle East and North Africa in 2011.
|
|
They realized early on that unlike the serfdoms and monarchies of Europe, the American free market system was too resilient and prosperous to take down in one fell swoop.
|
|
Since 1953, the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, one of the world's last surviving absolute monarchies, has been ruled by six brothers, all sons of King Abdul-Aziz al Saud.
|
|
With the help of Russia and Iranian-backed militias, Damascus has gained the military advantage over the rebels, including some supported by Turkey, the United States and Gulf monarchies.
|
|
Statistical research by Kendall-Taylor and Michigan State's Erica Frantz shows that monarchies and one-party dictatorships tend to hold together even after an individual king or strongman dies.
|
|
Another part of the story is that the Saudis, along with other Gulf monarchies like the United Arab Emirates and Qatar, have spent huge amounts of money in Washington.
|
|
Before and after the Rabaa massacre, Egypt received diplomatic support and billions of dollars of financial assistance from two wealthy Arab monarchies: Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.
|
|
Leaders of the Arab world's nondemocratic governments commonly use their offices for personal gain, and in the monarchies, there is often no clear distinction between public and private money.
|
|
Without them, the monarchies lack the military might to help America sustain its decades-old conflict with Iran, let alone to successfully roll back and contain Tehran's regional influence.
|
|
The Arab monarchies will support American pressure on Iran, but they will also look to de-escalate their own tensions with Tehran — puncturing holes in whatever containment Americans envision.
|
|
The gulf monarchies have been concerned that the nuclear deal struck last year has empowered Iran, their main regional rival, and has frayed their relations with the Obama administration.
|
|
But that's what Saudi Arabia, one of the last few remaining absolute monarchies in the world, is currently undergoing, with an extraordinary purge of top princes and officials last week.
|
|
"It's hard not to see basically Facebook and Google as basically these giant monarchies that are in complete control in how you conduct, how you communicate," Wolfe-Pauly tells me.
|
|
The six Arab monarchies of the Gulf Cooperation Council are aiming to introduce a 5 percent value-added tax at the start of next year to raise non-oil revenues.
|
|
But while the rebels no longer appear to have any path to victory, analysts in the region say the wealthy Gulf monarchies are not ready to give up on them.
|
|
Rising tensions with Saudi Arabia and other Gulf Arab monarchies, which have privately criticized the Obama administration's security policy toward the region, also have complicated the U.S. effort in Syria.
|
|
However, an assertive Saudi Arabia, which is leading a bombing campaign against Iranian-allied rebels in Yemen, has insisted that the Gulf Arab monarchies draw closer together to confront Tehran.
|
|
Since oil prices plunged in 2014, however, Arab monarchies have curbed subsidies and laid off staff as they try to trim budget deficits and build economies less reliant on hydrocarbons.
|
|
The party differences of the aristocrats, just as in the monarchies of old, become transparent as the ruling party's band together to attack the "outsider" and protect the establishment candidate.
|
|
At least part of the explanation lies in the endurance of monarchies around the world, even when most of the world's 27 or so crowned heads hold largely ceremonial roles.
|
|
Hundreds of pages of correspondence between the two men reveal an active effort to cultivate President Trump on behalf of the two oil-rich Arab monarchies, both close American allies.
|
|
The lawsuits also shed new light on the political intrigues involving Israel and the Persian Gulf monarchies, which have increasingly turned to hacking as a favorite weapon against one another.
|
|
If we became the United States of America, the thinking went, the monarchies of Europe in particular would think longer and harder about satisfying their expansionary urges in North America.
|
|
Joining the Saudi-led alliance signals Oman's concern over the spread of Islamic State and Al Qaeda militants who have vowed to carry out attacks on the Gulf Arab monarchies.
|
|
It's a fishy situation that naturally raises questions about Trump's personal financial relationships with Persian Gulf monarchies — questions he and his allies in Congress have been successfully stonewalling for years.
|
|
Critics also question the independence of the judiciary in Saudi Arabia, one of the world's few absolute monarchies, where few trials are open to the public or the news media.
|
|
At Exxon, Tillerson has had long exposure to the oil-rich Sunni monarchies, and diplomats in the region expect the Trump administration to work quickly to patch up those relationships.
|
|
"Miteb is well-liked by tribal leaders and, more important, by recruits who benefit from his largesse," wrote scholar Joseph Kechichian in his book Power and Succession in Arab Monarchies.
|
|
In a practical sense, the United States under Barack Obama remained a fairly steadfast and loyal ally of the traditional Persian Gulf monarchies and their allies in the Egyptian military.
|
|
Such conservatives are suspicious of centralised government power—especially in the hands of demagogues—and set store by a range of other institutions, such as monarchies, the armed forces and churches.
|
|
The Middle East is mired in a contest for influence between a bloc of mostly Sunni countries, including the conservative, pro-Western Gulf monarchies, and revolutionary Shi'ite Iran and its allies.
|
|
The surprising survival of monarchies is in part a tribute to the nous of the old guard, who have understood the need to subsume their interests into those of the institution.
|
|
A dangerous diplomatic showdown is unfolding in the Persian Gulf that pits once-brotherly Gulf monarchies against one of their own: tiny Qatar, the world's leading exporter of liquefied natural gas.
|
|
Islamic State has pledged to overthrow the monarchies of the Gulf and has also mounted a series of attacks on Shi'ite Muslim mosques and security forces in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.
|
|
For the oil-rich Sunni monarchies, Shiite and Persian Iran "poses the most pressing current threat to their interests," per Yaroslav Trofimov in The Wall Street Journal of May 22019, 2017.
|
|
In contrast, a war between the United States and Iran, which will certainly involve the Gulf monarchies, is likely to be disruptive for Beijing's energy security, investment projects, and regional involvement.
|
|
Saudi Arabia is one of the world's few remaining absolute monarchies, which means that Prince bin Salman was given all of his powers by a vote of one: his own father.
|
|
The battle between monarchical and republican Islam goes back to the Cold War, when Arab monarchies backed by Western powers saw secular and sometimes socialist Muslim states as their main rivals.
|
|
"This ancient system we've got of representative democracy, which at the time liberated us from monarchies and was awesome, now we're at a point where it's become this monster," Spataro said.
|
|
"It is necessary to have someone who can determine with him what is appropriate for a 21st century monarch," said Naotaka Kimizuka, an expert in European monarchies at Kanto Gakuin University.
|
|
Trump has known business dealings with many of these Gulf monarchies, and we have no idea what secret deals he's making or what cash payments are being funneled through his clubs.
|
|
In the UK, Denmark, and other constitutional monarchies it's generally the case that on paper it's the king or queen who selects the prime minister, merely subject to the consent of parliament.
|
|
It must defeat the Saudi-aligned Gulf monarchies, undermine the Hashemites in Jordan, and confront or co-opt a similarly neo-imperial Turkey, all while avoiding a fall from Russia's good graces.
|
|
There are a few exceptions such as Switzerland (a stubbornly self-determined direct democracy), the Benelux (irritatingly liberal parliamentary monarchies), eight American states (taking "the land of the free" seriously) and Canada.
|
|
The closest things we have to fascist states today — monarchies like North Korea and Saudi Arabia — are fragile, riven by internal contradictions and internecine warfare, facing the future with desperation and fear.
|
|
But Karman says Saudi Arabia and the UAE, monarchies where the state and ruling families are intertwined, seek to seek to turn back the clock on political progress in Yemen and abroad.
|
|
Bahrain is the only one of the Gulf Arab monarchies to have experienced serious unrest during the Arab Spring pro-democracy demonstrations that swept the Middle East and North Africa in 2011.
|
|
Islamic State is bitterly hostile to Gulf Arab monarchies and is seen to be trying to stoke Sunni-Shi'ite sectarian confrontations in Arabian peninsula states to destabilise and ultimately overthrow their dynasties.
|
|
Reports are emerging of starving children, fears of a cholera epidemic, and it's hard to drum up support in Washington for air strikes prosecuted by oil-rich Arab monarchies against Yemen tribesmen.
|
|
He also acquired more weaponry in the four years before 20163 than the other five Gulf monarchies combined, including 22016 F-2242 fighters, 2000 Apache combat helicopters, and 62 French Mirage jets.
|
|
The close alliance between Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates appears to be under rare strain as the two oil-rich monarchies take increasingly divergent approaches to foreign policy, Reuters reports.
|
|
Moreover, America's allies (Turkey, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, the Gulf monarchies and Saudi Arabia) are all striking deals with Russia that reflect their awareness of our disengagement and of Moscow's new-found power.
|
|
Led by Mauro F. Guillén, a management professor at the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, the study found "robust and quantitatively meaningful evidence" that monarchies outperform other forms of government.
|
|
While Assad is backed by Russia, Iran and an array of Shi'ite militias from Arab neighbors, the Sunni rebels seeking to oust him are backed by Turkey, the United States and Gulf monarchies.
|
|
And with good reason: a closed border with its neighbour to the south is better than chaos on the other side, especially if it leads to unrest over absolute monarchies in the region.
|
|
Among some people, the dismay was tinged with anger at Arab governments - particularly those of the oil-rich Gulf monarchies - for failing to stop, or even to strongly protest against, the U.S. move.
|
|
Then Saudi Arabia and three other Arab states closed their borders to punish Qatar for supporting Islamist groups and Al Jazeera, a state-owned broadcaster that criticises all the Gulf monarchies except Qatar's.
|
|
"I think she is going to be coming into her own," said Mihoko Suzuki, director of the Center for the Humanities at the University of Miami, who has written about women in monarchies.
|
|
He wanted to use a grand deal in Israel-Palestine to normalize Israel's relations with Gulf Arab monarchies and be remembered as the president who closed out the deal that other presidents couldn't.
|
|
And at the end of 2017, the petroleum-rich Persian Gulf monarchies cut off $1 billion a year in aid that had covered many of Jordan's big expenses for the previous five years.
|
|
"Many countries are already building global attractivity strategies, linking studies, the job market, tourism, which explains the influence of Asia or monarchies in the Gulf," Philippe said in a speech unveiling the strategy.
|
|
Except, it seems, when a country's chosen path appears to contravene the retrenched regional political and social order as defined by Riyadh, abetted by other Gulf monarchies, and supported by Cairo and Washington.
|
|
As Raymond Barrett noted, Qatar has refused to accept the status quo and conventional wisdom of other Gulf monarchies, especially concerning the role of Iran and Islamist political parties in the region's future.
|
|
His resignation has thrust Lebanon back into the frontline of the regional rivalry that pits a mostly Sunni bloc led by Saudi Arabia and allied Gulf monarchies against Shi'ite Iran and its allies.
|
|
The Sunni Islamic State is bitterly hostile to the Gulf Arab monarchies and is seen to be trying to stoke Sunni-Shi'ite sectarian confrontation in Arabian peninsula countries to destabilize and ultimately overthrow them.
|
|
Rebels have been supported by the United States, Turkey and Gulf monarchies, but the support they have enjoyed has fallen far short of the direct military backing given to Assad by Russia and Iran.
|
|
But the bank has shied away from endorsing and promoting human rights head on, as some members believe that doing so may lead to clamors for political "democracy," threatening monarchies and other nondemocratic regimes.
|
|
The conflict pits Assad, helped by Russian air power and Iranian-backed Shi'ite Muslim militias, against an array of mostly Sunni rebel groups, including some supported by Turkey, the United States and Gulf monarchies.
|
|
Gulf monarchies applauded Sisi after he seized power in 2013, removing the Muslim Brotherhood — seen as an existential threat to their wealthy nations — and mounting the fiercest crackdown on dissent in Egypt's modern history.
|
|
And they offer an uncomfortable point of commonality between democratic countries that protect civil liberties like the UK and absolute monarchies that commit grotesque crimes against their own citizens and neighbors, like Saudi Arabia.
|
|
From Egypt to Sudan and the Horn of Africa, the two Gulf monarchies have coordinated their use of financial clout and — in Yemen — military force to redraw the region's political landscape to their advantage.
|
|
This led to its cultivation of proxy militant forces in other countries, most notably Hezbollah in Lebanon, and conflict with Gulf Arab monarchies like Saudi Arabia that feared uprisings among their minority Shia populations.
|
|
During the 1970s and early 1980s, the financial aspect of the transaction was called petrodollar recycling, with the Saudis and other Gulf monarchies pledging to buy billions of dollars of western arms and other products.
|
|
While Saudi Arabia and its fellow monarchies have previously criticized the embassy decision, they have also welcomed U.S. President Donald Trump's harder line against Iran, which has cast itself as the guardian of Palestinian rights.
|
|
With the help of Russia and Iranian-backed militias, the government has gained the military upper hand against the wide array of rebel groups, including some supported by Turkey, the United States and Gulf monarchies.
|
|
TOKYO (Reuters) - Japanese Emperor Naruhito and Empress Masako have brought a more relaxed touch to one of the world's oldest monarchies, chatting in English with foreign visitors, laughing with children and even playing with dogs.
|
|
In rebuilding, Assad will also have to contend with Western sanctions on much of his government and with isolation from some of his main previous trading partners - the European Union, Turkey, Gulf monarchies and Jordan.
|
|
The war pits President Bashar al-Assad, supported by Russian air power and Iranian-backed militias, against an array of mostly Sunni Muslim rebel groups, some backed by Turkey, Gulf monarchies or the United States.
|
|
In 2010 Sarajevo, the capital, registered about 1,000 tourists from the six Arab oil monarchies in the Gulf combined; in the first ten months of 2015, over 20113,000 came from Kuwait and Saudi Arabia alone.
|
|
Lorde and Carly Rae Jepsen would talk and commiserate with each about their governments still being constitutional monarchies and Queen Elizabeth II as their head of state, something Swift cannot in any way relate to.
|
|
Remarkably, this relic of the days when kings were deemed divine remains on the books in some European monarchies as well as nations like Saudi Arabia, where a critique of the crown is considered terrorism.
|
|
Unlike in most European monarchies, there is no prurient tabloid coverage of the royals' love lives—although there is frequent criticism of royal wives and daughters whenever they are perceived to be shirking their duties.
|
|
Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates have been picking fights with Qatar, which has opened fissures among the Gulf's monarchies, divided the region's Sunnis and undermined America's hope that they will unite against Shiite Iran.
|
|
In the 2000s, Oman became particularly adept at bridging the Shiite-Sunni divide, despite active membership in the Gulf Cooperation Council, the alliance of Sunni monarchies that includes Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.
|
|
In visits to Washington in the past several weeks, Gulf officials have praised President Trump for promising to get tougher with Tehran, which they regard as the great Shiite scourge of the Sunni Arab monarchies.
|
|
And the Middle East peace plan devised by his son-in-law and senior adviser Jared Kushner depends on financial contributions from the wealthy Gulf monarchies to the Palestinians, a gambit that has drawn deep skepticism.
|
|
In an audio recording leaked in 2015, Egypt's President Abdel-Fattah al-Sisi and his advisers are heard to dismiss the monarchies as mere "half-states" with so much money that they treat it "like rice".
|
|
While Qatar has supported the movement, Gulf monarchies and emirates, including Saudi Arabia and the UAE, have spent billions trying to prevent the Brotherhood holding power in the Arab world since 2011 uprisings swept the region.
|
|
" He asserted that "rule of law and monarchies across the Middle East are confusing to the West" and that "support for change and rule of law is essential as the agony of great change take place.
|
|
Qatar is one of the leading supporters of the insurgency against Assad, joining other Gulf monarchies, Turkey and the United States to supply arms and training to some rebel groups that they say have been vetted.
|
|
Trump has accelerated his diplomatic efforts among quarreling Arab monarchies, starting with an upcoming series of White House visits by leaders of Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates, Axios' Jonathan Swan reported last night.
|
|
Established in the wake of the Iranian Islamic revolution in 1979, the GCC provided collective security for the six oil-rich monarchies and a platform to develop joint policies on trade, customs tariffs and monetary policy.
|
|
The United States has also had to assuage the United Arab Emirates and other Persian Gulf monarchies that were angered by the Obama administration's nuclear deal with Iran, the main regional rival of the gulf states.
|
|
The prince, Sheikh Rashid bin Hamad al-Sharqi, 31, is the second son of the emir of Al Fujayrah, one of the smaller and less wealthy of the seven monarchies that form the United Arab Emirates.
|
|
Mihoko Suzuki, an English professor at the University of Miami who has written about monarchies in Europe, suggested that both the Imperial Household Agency and the Japanese public were being far too tough on the couple.
|
|
" The senator, who is emerging as the strongest non-Trump candidate in the Republican race, told his supporters that Trump's loyalty pledge reminded him of monarchies in which kings and queens "demand that of their subjects.
|
|
Aleppo has become the most intense front in the civil war pitting President Bashar al-Assad, helped by Iran, Shi'ite militias and Russian air power, against Sunni rebels backed by Turkey, the United States and Gulf monarchies.
|
|
With the help of its allies, the government has gained the military upper hand in the six-year war against the wide array of rebels, including some groups supported by Turkey, the United States and Gulf monarchies.
|
|
President Trump has accelerated his diplomatic efforts to broker peace among quarreling Arab monarchies, starting with an upcoming series of White House visits by leaders of Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates, Axios has learned.
|
|
Among the series' many pleasures is how well it functions as a blind item about the Murdochs, the Mercers, the Redstones—families that double as brands, which is to say monarchies, which is to say Mob families.
|
|
Indeed, there's some evidence that constitutional monarchies, especially well-entrenched ones like the UK or Sweden or the Netherlands, can be more responsive to voters and more inclined to resolve issues by election than by elite manipulation.
|
|
He was rendered stateless, though he had been granted political asylum in the UK at the time Two other Gulf monarchies, Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates, have also used denationalization as a punishment for political dissent.
|
|
Saudi Arabia's response exemplified the careful balance now required from Gulf Arab monarchies, Egypt and Jordan which rely on U.S. military or financial backing and find themselves aligned with the United States and Israel in confronting Iran.
|
|
Some rebel groups are supported by the United States, Turkey and Gulf monarchies, but Syria's insurgents also include jihadist militants such as the former al Qaeda affiliate Jabhat Fateh al-Sham, previously known as the Nusra Front.
|
|
Over the last few centuries, control of the Caribbean island of Saint Barthelemy in the French West Indies has passed between several powerful monarchies, but the 9-square-miles of sandy paradise now has a new royal connection.
|
|
Historical legitimacy helps explain why, besides those rich enough to stuff their people's mouths with petrodollars, the two countries that best weathered the regional pro-democracy uprisings of the Arab spring in 1997 were monarchies—Morocco and Jordan.
|
|
"I hope the passing of Prince Mikasa will become an opportunity to think a bit more about all these issues regarding the imperial family and succession," said Naotaka Kimizuka, a specialist in European monarchies at Kanto Gakuin University.
|
|
It was the only one of the Gulf monarchies to experience serious unrest during the "Arab Spring" wave of popular revolts in 2011, and the opposition has since accused the authorities of using harsh tactics in a crackdown.
|
|
Aleppo has become the most pressing battle in Syria's war, pitting President Bashar al-Assad, backed by Russia, Iran and Shi'ite militias, against mostly Sunni rebel groups including some supported by the United States, Turkey and Gulf monarchies.
|
|
The war pits Syrian President Bashar al-Assad - backed by Russia, Iran and allied Shi'ite militias from Lebanon, Iraq and Afghanistan - against an array of rebel groups including some backed by Turkey, the United States and Gulf monarchies.
|
|
The main struggle in Syria's civil war is between President Bashar al-Assad, backed by Iran, Russia and Shi'ite militias including the Lebanese Hezbollah, against rebels that include groups backed by Turkey, Gulf monarchies and the United States.
|
|
With Akihito apparently rejecting a regency, the only options would appear to be revising the Imperial Household Law or enacting a special law allowing him to abdicate, said Naotaka Kimizuka, an expert in monarchies at Kanto Gakuin University.
|
|
DUBAI (Reuters) - The Gulf Cooperation Council regional group of six Arab monarchies expressed regret on Friday at U.S. President Donald Trump's call to recognize Israel's sovereignty over the Golan Heights, territory captured from Syria in a 1967 war.
|
|
It is not among the topics that the gulf monarchies are eager to discuss, but Mr. Obama might question how the Sunni-dominated countries are treating their Shiite populations, and raise the issue of equal rights for women.
|
|
It was not without reason that G.K. Chesterton, in his book on America, called our presidential system "the last of the medieval monarchies," that is, the one that still embodies in one person authority, power, glory, and leadership.
|
|
Rebels, supported by Turkey, the U.S. and Gulf monarchies, are fighting to oust President Bashar al-Assad, whose military, backed by Russia's air force, has used jet and helicopter strikes extensively in the five-and-a-half-year war.
|
|
Aleppo, Syria's biggest pre-war city, has become the main stage of conflict between President Bashar al-Assad, backed by Iran, Russia and Shi'ite militias, and Sunni rebels including some supported by Turkey, Gulf monarchies and the United States.
|
|
MANAMA (Reuters) - Britain's exit from the European Union will mean it can forge free trade deals with Gulf Arab allies, foreign minister Boris Johnson said on Friday in a speech also heralding closer defense ties to the conservative monarchies.
|
|
Aleppo, Syria's biggest pre-war city, has become the main theater of conflict between President Bashar al-Assad, backed by Iran, Russia and Shi'ite militias, and Sunni rebels including some supported by Turkey, Gulf monarchies and the United States.
|
|
Ahrar al-Sham has tried to maintain good relations with jihadist factions like former al Qaeda affiliate Jabhat Fateh al-Sham, but not Islamic State, as well as nationalist rebels supported by Turkey, Gulf monarchies and the United States.
|
|
Some Palestinian officials suspect that the White House has a bigger deal in mind, building a coalition between the Gulf monarchies and Israel in an historic realignment -- with Iran as the common enemy and the Palestinians as an afterthought.
|
|
Cette utopie à portée de main humaine, relayée par les élites socialistes ou communistes ou mêmes certaines monarchies, était un rêve politique partagé qui assurait aux nouveaux régimes une certaine légitimité auprès de leurs populations et de gouvernements étrangers.
|
|
Islamism is seen as an existential threat by the region's monarchies, which apart from Qatar and to a lesser degree Oman and Kuwait were frightened by the Muslim Brotherhood's coming to power in Egypt after the Arab Spring protests.
|
|
Its confrontation with its neighbors has threatened to tear apart the alliance of petroleum-rich gulf monarchies that is crucial to the Western efforts to contain Iran, to combat the Islamic State and to choke off extremist fund-raising.
|
|
"That little boy's wife is going to have the same kind of pressure that Masako had," said Mihoko Suzuki, director of the Center for the Humanities at the University of Miami, who has written about women in European monarchies.
|
|
Aleppo has become the fiercest front in Syria's five-and-a-half-year war, pitting President Bashar al-Assad, supported by Russia, Iran and Shi'ite militias against Sunni rebels including groups backed by Turkey, the United States and Gulf monarchies.
|
|
"The social-fabric of GCC population is being torn apart for political reasons and we will not allow ourselves to be a party to this injustice," he said, referring to the Gulf Cooperation Council which includes six Arabian peninsula monarchies.
|
|
DUBAI/DOHA (Reuters) - A senior United Arab Emirates official said Qatar's hosting of the 2022 World Cup should depend on it rejecting "extremism and terrorism", in comments that drew the soccer tournament into the diplomatic row among rich Gulf monarchies.
|
|
Rather than use his radio network to warn Arabs against Communism, Nasser employed it to inflame Arab opinion against the West's most reliable regional allies, the Hashemite monarchies, helping to topple Iraq's regime in 1958 and very nearly finishing off Jordan's.
|
|
" For 19 months, Calvert W. Jones, a University of Maryland professor, crisscrossed the Gulf monarchies in the Middle East as part of her research evaluating the work of management consultants in what she calls "the black box of authoritarian governance.
|
|
The other absolute monarchies of Europe — the Ottomans, the Habsburgs — fell because they were defeated in World War I. Would the Romanovs have fallen, too, if they had survived just one more year to share in the victory of November 1918?
|
|
As monarchies teetered and the church declined, governments saw engineering common languages and ethnic heritages as a way to justify their rule over polyglot empires, as well as an opportunity to marshal their populations for collective pursuits like industry or war.
|
|
In doing so, he called for a new assault on the right to citizenship — one that goes well beyond anything done by its peer democracies and even Russia, into territory currently occupied by crudely authoritarian monarchies like Kuwait and Bahrain.
|
|
Most of the Gulf Arab monarchies have in private been sorely disappointed by Obama's presidency, regarding it as a period in which the United States has pulled back from the region, giving more space to their arch rival Iran to expand its influence.
|
|
The main conflict in Syria's civil war pits President Bashar al-Assad, backed by Russia, Iran and Shi'ite militias, against an array of rebel groups aiming to oust him, including some that have been backed by the United States, Turkey and Gulf monarchies.
|
|
Differences over how to assess and address what both the Gulf and United States describe as Iran's destabilizing activities in the Middle East have been at the root of the bumpiest period in ties between Washington and the pro-West monarchies for decades.
|
|
By fashioning their public buildings along those lines, they and other early Americans sought to place themselves apart from a world where absolute monarchies and divinely-ordained empires were the norm, and fledging republics like the early United States were largely the exception.
|
|
Differences over how to assess and address what both the Gulf and United States describe as Iran's destabilising activities in the Middle East have been at the root of the bumpiest period in ties between Washington and the pro-West monarchies for decades.
|
|
But the best political science research we have suggests that transition in systems like this is always much less secure, and more likely to produce political instability or even violence, than democratic elections — or even other kinds of authoritarian systems, like hereditary monarchies.
|
|
" Burke wanted to preserve the cultural legacy of European monarchies, writing during the French Revolution: "We fear God, we look up with awe to kings; with affection to parliaments; with duty to magistrates; with reverence to priests; and with respect to nobility. Why?
|
|
He has taken personal control of the wealth of the Thai royal family — one of the richest monarchies in the world today — whose assets had long been managed (in opaque ways, some say) by a special agency known as the Crown Property Bureau.
|
|
Indeed, this is big opportunity awaiting the President in the Middle East: a NATO-style alliance uniting the Arab monarchies (Morocco, Jordan, Saudi Arabia and the Gulf States) and the Egyptian republic as well as Israel and America against the region's murderous extremes.
|
|
Qatar's rivals have also faulted it for condoning fund-raising for militant Islamist groups fighting in Syria — including groups tied to Al Qaeda and the Islamic State — although several of the other Sunni-led monarchies in the region have played similar roles.
|
|
Saudi Arabia and Bahrain, both ruled by Sunni Muslim monarchies, said this week they were ready to participate in any ground operations in Syria if the U.S.-led coalition fighting Islamic State militants in Syria and Iraq decides to start such operations.
|
|
That expectation is backed up by a big group of regional experts in Washington, who are often directly subsidized by Saudi Arabia and other Persian Gulf monarchies, and by pro-Israel groups that have partially overlapping reasons to favor deep American involvement in the region.
|
|
Britain and the six monarchies of the Saudi-led Gulf Cooperation Council said in a joint communique at that summit that they intended to build on trade that stood at 30 billion pounds ($38 billion) in 2015, and work to remove barriers to investment.
|
|
Its good relations with Iran and embrace of radical causes such as Hamas and the Muslim Brotherhood have infuriated the conservative monarchies of the Gulf (Saudi Arabia and the UAE) and Egypt, leading to the recent rupture of diplomatic ties and the closure of borders.
|
|
To America's traditional allies, both Arab monarchies and Israel, this looks as though America is abandoning the Middle East to Iranian influence: its inaction in Syria has emboldened America's foes, they say; its readiness to dump Hosni Mubarak in Egypt has rattled its friends.
|
|
Afterwards he will go to Cairo to make a keynote address at the American University in Cairo, then off to the Gulf countries, where he's likely to have a warm reception from the monarchies there who have long feared a strong and assertive Iran.
|
|
That vision of utopia within human reach, which was taken up by the socialist or communist elites and even some monarchies, was a shared political dream, and it gave legitimacy to those new regimes in the eyes of both their own peoples and foreign governments.
|
|
If Iran today poses the chief ideological rather than simply military or economic threat for the Gulf monarchies, it is probably because its unexportable Shia revolution must stand in for an Islamism that no longer appears to have a political future in the Arab world.
|
|
Earlier this year, he led a coalition of Gulf monarchies in cutting off economic and diplomatic relations with Qatar — an attempt to force Doha, which had been trying to chart a course independent of Riyadh's influence, in line with his vision for the region.
|
|
But the ascent of Prince Mohammed, who is now the de facto ruler of the kingdom, has turned up the heat on the longstanding cold war across the waters of the gulf, between Iran on one side and the Arab monarchies on the other.
|
|
The combination of the attack in Tehran with the split among the gulf monarchies "is another layer of fissure and confrontation in the region," said Randa Slim, a veteran of informal diplomacy in the region and a scholar at the Middle East Institute, in Washington.
|
|
Shared antipathy to Iran has brought Israel closer than ever to the Gulf monarchies, while the tactical alliance with evangelical Christians in the United States and the European far right gives Israel friends who don't feel compelled to even pay lip service to Palestinian rights.
|
|
During the same period, American Muslims have been slowly incorporated into the Democratic Party's diverse coalition, Barack Obama's administration saw significant tensions with both Israel and the Gulf monarchies over Iran, and the most strident critics of Israel in America are virtually all on the left.
|
|
Jordanian officials had long been wary of Turkey's growing clout in the Arab world, where it has used its influence as a major Sunni power to compete with Saudi Arabia Amman has long depended on Arab monarchies in the Gulf to shore up its debt burdened economy.
|
|
DOHA (Reuters) - Qatar sought on Thursday to allay strains with fellow Gulf Arabs over its policy toward Iran and Middle East Islamist groups, days after the Sunni-ruled monarchies put on a show of unity for a visit to the region by U.S. President Donald Trump.
|
|
During the Arab Spring, it became a strong backer of the Muslim Brotherhood parties that swept to power in the early days of the uprisings, heaping billions of dollars on the government of Egypt's Mohamed Morsy even as GCC monarchies viewed the Brotherhood's rise as a threat.
|
|
It is often said that Shias cannot believe they have won power and Sunnis cannot accept they have lost it, which perhaps makes the strife more vicious In the early years after independence, Arab monarchies enlisted the support of the Muslim Brotherhood against nationalists and leftists.
|
|
For Iran's part, the growing convergence between the Arab monarchies, Israel, and the US -- and the rise of American officials with visceral hostility to Tehran -- increases the importance of preserving leverage against these adversaries not only in Syria and Lebanon, but also in Iraq, Yemen and elsewhere.
|
|
With heavy financial injections from Saudi Arabia and other oil-rich Gulf monarchies, that area would serve for the construction of a solar power station, a desalination plant, a seaport and an airport and the establishment of industrial areas where Gaza Palestinians and Egyptians could work.
|
|
The $2.5 billion package is motivated by the Gulf monarchies' aversion to a fellow monarchy falling victim to protests, as well as any social unrest that could be exploited by Iran or the Muslim Brotherhood, according to Hasnain Malik, the global head of equity research at Exotix.
|
|
If you poke around on the Royal Forums, a nearly 20-year-old discussion board with sections for all the world's monarchies, you'll find a lot of nasty threads about various members of the UK royal family, particularly the women who've been involved with William and Harry.
|
|
Having spent over 40 years in the region I can attest that the rule of law and monarchies across the Middle East are confusing to the West and support for change and rule of law is essential as the agony and mistakes of great change take place.
|
|
The Sunni-ruled kingdom accuses Iran, a Shi'ite theocracy across the Gulf, of radicalizing and arming some members of its Shi'ite Muslim majority population, and Gulf monarchies say Obama did not do enough to tackle perceived meddling by Iran in Bahrain and in wars raging throughout the region.
|
|
As a former boss of mine who served on the appropriations committee was known for saying, "Israel is like an aircraft carrier of democracy, freedom and strength in a sea of autocracy, theocracy, and terrorist-challenged monarchies" and that our aid to Israel is, in reality, a strategic bargain.
|
|
The Trump family has business interests in the Persian Gulf, and Trump's foreign policy is moving the United States into much closer alignment with the Gulf monarchies, including deeper involvement in a disastrous war in Yemen and abandonment of any pretense of caring about human rights in Egypt.
|
|
At the height of the affair, Turkish officials were calling on Washington to shift its alliances in the Middle East, hoping to nudge the United States away from the powerful monarchies of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, as well as from the secular military leadership of Egypt.
|
|
It has long been a truism in analyzing the political futures of Gulf monarchies that their success and long-term stability demand a decreased reliance on oil revenue, creation of a more dynamic workforce, a greater tolerance for freedom of expression, and an end to gender and social discrimination.
|
|
The Egyptian government, of course, is not as wealthy as the oil monarchies of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates but you don't need to be a rich country per se to pay some bribes, and Egypt is fully aligned geopolitically with the Saudi and Emirati rulers.
|
|
Back then, American leaders held to a consistent strategy: minimizing Soviet influence and forestalling Moscow's military intervention; aligning with conservative Arab monarchies (above all Saudi Arabia and Jordan) against nationalists and Pan-Arabists (Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser and Syria's Baathists); and backing Israel, albeit not always to the extent Israel desired.
|
|
Saudi and Emirati leaders complain about Qatar's sponsorship of the Muslim Brotherhood and of Hamas, the Palestinian group that rules Gaza and whose roots are in the Brotherhood; they also resent the popularity of its state-funded television network, Al Jazeera, which is often sharply critical of the Gulf monarchies.
|
|
In "The Face of Dynasty: Royal Crests From Western Cameroon," you'll find a quartet of massive wooden crowns, known as tsesah crests, that served as avatars of kingship among the dozens of small monarchies of the Bamileke people in the grasslands of northwest Cameroon, near the contemporary border with Nigeria.
|
|
They are hawks on Shia Iran, which Sunni-led Gulf states accuse of destabilising the Arab world, and deem political Islamist groups such as the Muslim Brotherhood — which took power in Egypt after the 218 revolution before being ousted two years later — an existential threat to the absolute monarchies and the broader region.
|
|
But they really sank their teemingness into me as I was reading Richard Sennett's "The Foreigner: Two Essays on Exile," in which he describes how the political revolutions of 1848 redefined nationalism from one based on monarchies or concocted geographic partitions to one based on ordinary rituals, everyday life and authentic selves.
|
|
But he (or she) might learn something from an earlier age's custodians of diverse, fragmented societies — from monarchies like that of the Austrian Hapsburgs, in particular, that worked to contain and balance religious and ethnic divisions, to prevent disintegration and forestall totalitarianism, and might have succeeded longer absent the folly of 1914.
|
|
These include the monarchies of Jordan and Morocco, both eager practitioners of emollient inter-Islamic and inter-faith diplomacy; and the elected Islamists of Turkey who (despite turning furiously against the once-mighty global network led by Fethullah Gulen, the exiled preacher) continue to sponsor mosques in unlikely places, from America to the developing world.
|
|
With the succession of James VI to the English throne, and the earlier marriage of Spain's Catholic Kings, Ferdinand and Isabella, Scotland and Aragon (and thus Catalonia) went on to form part of "composite monarchies"—a term Sir John popularised in earlier work—in which they preserved a large degree of traditional self-government.
|
|
Instead, his group advocates constitutional monarchies, in which a king or queen is head of state and the real power rests with an elected Parliament — much like those in Belgium, Britain, Denmark, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway and Spain (although demonstrators in 2014 demanded a referendum on the Spanish royal family after King Juan Carlos abdicated).
|
|
And if you were really less charitable you would they had some warped view that the Iranians and the Shia Persian aspect and Muslims and Islam deserved a second chance, so there was going to be a new hegemonic power in the Middle East to balance the Sunni Gulf monarchies, and they thought that might be somehow good.
|
|
The post-9/11 ascendancy of neoconservative hawks over so-called realists in the Bush administration, paired with the growing influence of Christian Zionists in GOP politics, plus a burgeoning (albeit quiet) anti-Iranian alliance between Israel and the oil-rich Gulf monarchies created an incredibly strong alignment between the Republican Party and the ascendant Israeli right.
|
|
"If the real world today is governed as an insanely dysfunctional republic, and the Internet today is governed as a cluster of insanely despotic corporate monarchies, it doesn't strike me as at all inconsistent with historical thought to treat the former case of misgovernment with efficient monarchism, and the latter case with liberating republicanism," he wrote.
|
|
Only two monarchies have gone out of business this century—the Samoan one, which slipped away naturally with the death of its last incumbent, and the Nepali one, which needed the combination of a communist rebellion, a popular uprising and a murderous prince, high on drink and drugs, who killed nine family members, to bring it down.
|
|
A fatal paradox for the Arab Spring in Syria (and the rest of the region) was that the main financial backers of a movement that had begun by demanding freedom and democracy should then become dependent on Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates, which were resolutely antidemocratic and sectarian, and the last absolute monarchies on earth.
|
|
But he grew most animated when discussing World War I. When I asked how he'd handle the current Iran crisis if he were in the Oval Office, Bloomberg mused at length about the "emotion" and "miscalculations" a century ago in Europe that spiraled into a four-year conflict, bringing down monarchies and forever changing the nature of combat.
|
|
Letter To the Editor: Re "Saudi Enforcer Shares Doubts, and Pays Price" ("Secrets of the Kingdom" series, front page, July 11): That most Saudis consider Wahhabism to be "moderate Islam" may not be as surprising as it seems when one considers that American leaders for years considered Saudi Arabia, along with other Persian Gulf monarchies, to be "moderate Arab states," and the news media routinely echoed this terminology.
|
|
The novels are a reminder too that fiction provides a kind of safety; it allows the writer to create outlandish stories and characters without fear (not reasonable fear, anyway) that they might be taken as representatives of an entire culture or ethnicity or race — indeed, in these books, Chatwin says more about colonialism, and tin-can monarchies and failed systems of government, than you find in either ''The Songlines'' or ''In Patagonia.
|
|