Having less gray matter may cause similar problems, as gray matter contains most of the brain's neurons and plays an important role in memory, emotions, decision-making, and self-control.
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Gray Matter HUMAN beings have an appetite for moral outrage.
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Essentially, gray matter volume decreases slightly as fluid is redistributed.
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Gray Matter Dr. Vohs and Dr. Hafenbrack are behavioral scientists.
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Gray Matter In the 1992 Supreme Court case Riggins v.
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Just in case your gray matter still needs some cardio!
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The researchers' findings suggested women who had more gray matter, or the cells that provide nutrients and energy for daily bodily functions, were able to get more sexually aroused than those with less gray matter.
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Scans showing parts of the brain with gray matter volume highlighted.
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Gray Matter Dr. Van Boven and Dr. Sherman are social psychologists.
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Your gray matter will thank you for the chance to flex.
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Gray Matter Young Americans seem to be losing faith in freedom. Why?
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And there was a third abnormality, a "rough" area of gray matter.
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A series of studies is finding surprising connections in our gray matter.
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A soul is nothing more than gray matter moving around in the brain.
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Your brain consists of two types of tissue, gray matter and white matter.
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It hurts my brain to watch, because I feel my gray matter shrinking.
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Gray Matter When your favorite sports team is defeated, you're disappointed, even dismayed.
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They target the amygdala, that almond shaped gray matter where emotion is experienced.
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Gray Matter Should parents be troubled when their kids start to deceive them?
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Gray Matter Imagine that a bully threatens to punch you in the face.
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Gray Matter How can so many people believe things that are demonstrably false?
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"Gray matter volume loss does not necessarily represent a bad thing," she said.
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Specifically, the disease affects the area of the spinal cord called gray matter.
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Our gray matter is so complex, scientists lament, that it can't quite understand itself.
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Gray Matter WHEN the world gets you down, do you feel just generally "bad"?
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It shows that the volume of gray matter increases or decreases slightly in space.
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Gray matter Sometimes it can seem as if only the privileged support the cause.
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Gray Matter Think about the people in your life who are 65 or older.
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But when participants underwent brain scans to look at gray matter and other brain structures that may be affected by alcohol use, the heavy drinkers had smaller volumes of gray matter in several brain areas when compared with the light drinking group.
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And it is associated with physical traits, like reduction of gray matter in the brain.
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More gray matter, which consists mostly of neurons, is generally equated with greater brain health.
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Gray Matter Given the choice between more time or more money, which would you pick?
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Read a report from the researchers, featured in the "Gray Matter" column from Sunday Review.
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Gray Matter At the heart of the American ideal of marriage lurks a potential conflict.
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Gray Matter Mr. Effron is an associate professor of organizational behavior at London Business School.
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Gray Matter A friend of mine once had a curious experience with a job interview.
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Gray matter is responsible for many key functions, including muscle control, emotions, memory and sensory perception.
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The gray matter grows as you learn and are exposed to new experiences as a child.
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Compared with chimpanzees, bonobo brains have more gray matter in regions involved in perceiving others' distress.
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Gray Matter Dr. Suri is a professor of mathematics at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County.
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Gray Matter OUR favorite Woody Allen joke is the one about taking a speed-reading course.
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Gray Matter Looming over the Democratic National Convention this week was the threat of party division.
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Gray Matter You may not be surprised to learn that food preference is a social matter.
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"I sometimes think that women can't cope with too much gray matter," says Virginia's condescending doctor.
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Stopping alcohol use can increase gray matter volume when it is done early enough, Heikkinen noted.
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"I sometimes think that women can't cope with too much gray matter," says Virginia's condescending doctor.
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The deleterious effects on players' gray matter did not quite rise to the level of secondary concern.
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Specifically, they looked at cortical thickness: the depth of gray matter across the surface of the cortex.
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Gray Matter GIVEN the complexities of the modern world, we all have to rely on expert opinion.
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It could be an increase of myelin, he said, which could "masquerade" as gray matter volume change.
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This acquisition is giving the Handle robot the gray matter it needs to follow SpotMini to market.
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Meanwhile, 3,025 people with overall healthy scores had an average gray matter volume of 798 cubic centimeters.
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Gray Matter When inequality is the topic, it can seem as if all the news is bad.
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Gray Matter Watching slow-motion footage of an event can certainly improve our judgment of what happened.
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Gray Matter Is there something about adjunct faculty members that makes them prone to outrageous political outbursts?
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The brain's gray matter contains the majority of the brain cells telling the body what to do.
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The first step is eliminating minor tasks and actions that suck up time, energy and gray matter.
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Gray Matter IT is easy to laugh at the proverbial "black friend" invoked to neutralize charges of racism.
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People with higher numbers on both BMI and waist-to-hip ratio had the lowest gray matter volume.
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"I've heard many times that people associate 'gray matter' with something smart, which I don't mind," she says.
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Gray Matter This week, the F.B.I. released its official tally of crime in the United States in 2015.
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It's the gray matter which contains the majority of the brain cells telling the body what to do.
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And you might just begin to appreciate that gray matter solving partner inside your head that much more.
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Gray Matter Was the Central Intelligence Agency's post-9/11 "enhanced interrogation" program an instance of human experimentation?
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" For a job in the 21st century, he added, "you have to have a lot more gray matter.
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I asked one loquacious, evidently knowledgeable viewer if "gray matter" was a colloquialism or a term of science.
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Gray Matter It's award season in Hollywood, and it looks like the big winner will be progressive politics.
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It knows 70 billion facts, according to Google, and is constantly adding more knowledge to its artificial gray matter.
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Gray Matter A FRIEND of mine has a bad habit of narrating his experiences as they are taking place.
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"I got a hundred trash bags of weed" melted all the gray matter in my pubescent brain to gelatin.
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MRI scans measured their brain volume and the volumes of their gray matter, white matter and white matter hyperintensity.
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Gray Matter OF the two winners of the Iowa caucuses, who's the better behavioral scientist, Ted Cruz or Hillary Clinton?
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Acute flaccid myelitis affects gray matter in the spinal cord, causing muscles and reflexes to become weak and sometimes paralyzed.
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The neurological condition affects the gray matter in the spinal cord, which causes the muscles to become weak, she said.
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" She explained that the loss of gray matter could "represent a fine-tuning of synapses into more efficient neural networks.
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Reduction in gray matter occurred in various regions of the brains of pregnant women, including the prefrontal and temporal cortex.
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Gray Matter According to the Pew Research Center, the nation is more polarized than at any time in recent history.
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Gray Matter Recently, my 2½-year-old daughter asked me about the Trump video everyone seemed to be talking about.
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Gray matter of the brain is the cerebral cortex, which controls sensations and functions such as speech, thinking and memory.
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Gray Matter The spread of misinformation on social media is an alarming phenomenon that scientists have yet to fully understand.
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Viral presence in spinal fluid would indicate a stronger link to the illness, which affects the spinal cord's gray matter.
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Gray matter makes up the bulk of the brain's distinct organs, specialized to manage functions like vision, hearing and movement.
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Gray matter makes up the bulk of the brain's distinct organs, specialized to manage functions like vision, hearing and movement.
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But at the same time, gray matter increased in sensory-motor areas of the brain that control the lower limbs.
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The degree of changes in the mothers' gray matter volume predicted the degree of hostility and attachment, Dr. Hoekzema said.
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Nearly all of the gray matter changes were still present in scans done two years after women delivered their babies.
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In hard numbers, 1,291 people who had a BMI of 30 or higher and a high waist-to-hip ratio had the lowest average gray matter volume, at 786 cubic centimeters; 514 people with a BMI of 30 or higher but without central obesity had an average gray matter volume of 793 cubic centimeters.
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Harvard neurologist Gottfried Schlaug showed that the brains of musicians have more gray matter than those who don't play an instrument.
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Running is an exceptional investment because it produces gamma brainwaves, the brain's peak performance state, and builds gray matter, improving memory.
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When most people think of the brain they typically envision gray matter - the dark folded tissue that makes up the brain.
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Our gray matter doesn't actually have wires that you can simply plug-and-play to overwrite depression a la Eternal Sunshine.
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Gray Matter PROFESSORS are at it again, demonstrating in public how little they understand the responsibilities and limits of their profession.
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They found that higher blood pressure readings were directly correlated with lower gray matter volume in several parts of the brain.
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Picture Prompts This is an illustration that went with an article from Gray Matter, a Times column on science and society.
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Gray Matter About a week ago, CNN pulled the plug on its show "Believer," hosted by the religion scholar Reza Aslan.
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A 25-year veteran of the automation business, Jim Gillespie is the co-founder of Gray Matter Systems, an operations management firm.
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The new mothers showed a loss of gray matter in several brain areas associated with social cognition, a form of emotional intelligence.
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Second, read this passage from the Opinion Pages Gray Matter column "The Superior Social Skills Of Bilinguals" and then answer the questions:
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Gray Matter TWO economic issues loom especially large in the United States today: widespread economic insecurity and soaring levels of income inequality.
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Scientists have studied brain function in heavy gamers and found a connection to decreased gray matter in certain parts of the brain.
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Gray Matter At the end of last month, the International Monetary Fund downgraded its forecast for economic growth in the United States.
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Gray Matter We're all familiar with the notion of psychological trauma — damage to an individual's psyche caused by an extremely distressing event.
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Gray Matter CHRISTMAS in New York was lovely this year — especially for those who prefer to spend the day working on their tans.
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Researchers at Harvard University also observed a positive change in gray matter in the brains of study participants who performed daily meditation routines.
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The researchers showed that reduced gray matter is closely connected to recidivism, confirming that younger brains are at higher risk of re-offense.
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In the study, the researchers confirmed that younger brains have reduced gray matter volume, which scientists think increases the probability of antisocial behavior.
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It was a nod to the food they survived on while they were struggling grad students, long before Gray Matter Technologies was established.
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For the brain scans, he used magnetic resonance imaging to study the gray matter, and diffusion tensor imaging to study the white matter.
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Gray Matter In 212, the biologist Robert Trivers and the computer scientist Dan Willard made a striking prediction about parents and their offspring.
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Gray Matter The widespread use of self-driving cars promises to bring substantial benefits to transportation efficiency, public safety and personal well-being.
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Acute flaccid myelitis is a rare but serious condition that affects the nervous system -- specifically, the area of the spinal cord called gray matter.
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In your first decade of life, the gray matter grows and expands rapidly as many new synapses, or connections between nerves, are being made.
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The brains of schizophrenic patients were often found to contain significantly reduced gray matter (which contains the majority of the brain's neuronal cell bodies).
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Nearly identical reductions in gray matter were seen among the mothers who used fertility treatments as compared to those mothers who became pregnant naturally.
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David Van Essen, co-principal investigator of the NIH's Human Connectome Project, noted that there are other possible interpretations than gray matter volume changes.
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Gray matter contains most of your brain's 100 billion nerve cells, while white matter is filled with nerve fibers that connect the brain regions.
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Gray Matter LAST month astronomers from the Kepler spacecraft team announced the discovery of 103,284 new planets, all orbiting stars outside our solar system.
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As I sit in the infusion chair, a drug cocktail pouring into me, the white and gray matter of my brain is under attack.
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Gray Matter Ten years ago, when my son Nicolai was 11, his doctor wanted to put him on medication for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
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Only the pregnant women showed gray matter reduction, thinning and changes in the surface area of the cortex in areas related to social cognition.
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Gray Matter New Year's Eve is a time to set goals: to eat better, to save more money, to work harder, to drink less.
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In other areas of the brain, gray matter volume decreased, possibly due to a redistribution of the cerebrospinal fluid that coats the central nervous system.
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Electrodes, implanted either into the live animal's gray matter or a slice of brain kept alive artificially, can record electrical activity of the neurons themselves.
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Gray Matter AMERICANS work some of the longest hours in the Western world, and many struggle to achieve a healthy balance between work and life.
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Gray Matter EARLIER this month, in the journal Annals of Neurology, four neuroscientists published an open letter to practitioners of do-it-yourself brain stimulation.
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They called it the "Gray Team" — partly a play on gray matter and partly because the men were mostly in their 40s and going gray.
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Gray Matter It's bad enough that expertise is under attack these days from populist political movements that dismiss specialist opinion as just another establishment ruse.
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Given the question mark, however, I believe this hints at the area that would include the study of the gray matter, or the brain: ANATOMY.
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Gray Matter Artificial Intelligence is colossally hyped these days, but the dirty little secret is that it still has a long, long way to go.
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The study did not say what the increased brain matter volume means, but the researchers noted that the enlargement of gray matter contradicts normal adolescent development.
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I've worked with eight presidents and he is by far the smartest," Biden marveled, "just pure gray matter [the part of the brain that processes information].
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Even though they are not new, entries like MOXIE, BAUBLES, GRAY MATTER, ANGLOPHONE, CHURCHY, HANGDOG and the new-to-me, beautiful word QAID caught my eye.
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The food choice could be a reference to season one, episode five ("Gray Matter") when Walt and Skyler went to a birthday party for Elliott Schwartz.
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AFM affects the nervous system — specifically, the area of the spinal cord called gray matter — and causes muscle weakness and paralysis in the arms and legs.
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Having a thinner cortex and less gray matter may suggest there are fewer brain cells and fewer connections in the brain, Beckwith said in an email.
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I think the question really is whether or not he has got the gray matter, the instinctual ability, the experience to simply be commander in chief.
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Gray Matter With the death last month of the sociologist Zygmunt Bauman at age 91, the intellectual world lost a thinker of rare insight and range.
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Astrocytes are large, non-neuronal, star-shaped cells that make up much of the white matter of the brain and greatly outnumber neurons in the gray matter.
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Gray matter includes neurons, which are the basic cells of the central nervous system, Jaffin says, and preservation of white matter is associated with improved processing speed.
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AFM is a rare illness that affects the nervous system, especially the gray matter in the spinal cord, and causes muscle weakness and sudden onset of paralysis.
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In another study, playing Super Mario 64 was observed to yield increases in gray matter in regions of the brain associated with memory, planning and spatial navigation.
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Mannan's mother—a severe Alzheimer's patient who was forced to witness the murders—is then seen covering the protruding gray matter, pushing it back into Mannan's head.
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Lazar and her team wanted to make sure this wasn't because the long-term meditators had more gray matter to begin with, so they conducted asecond study.
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The first episode pairs an adaptation of King's "Gray Matter" with an adaptation of "The House of the Head," a short story by the novelist Josh Malerman.
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Acute flaccid myelitis, also called AFM, is a rare but serious condition that affects the nervous system -- specifically, the area of the spinal cord called gray matter.
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I learned that it's a term of science that became a colloquialism: the brain has gray matter, which contains cells, and also white matter, which is fibrous.
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Gray Matter IN June, the Supreme Court is expected to determine the fate of affirmative action in American higher education when it delivers its decision in Fisher v.
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AFM is a rare illness that affects the nervous system, especially the gray matter in the spinal cord, and can cause muscle weakness and sudden onset of paralysis.
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If you're too heavy, especially around your middle, you probably have shrunken gray matter volume in your brain, according to a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology.
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Gray Matter THE white working-class men who are planning to vote for Donald J. Trump this November have been called many things: xenophobic, racist, misogynist, dangerously naïve.
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One such quirk has already been discovered, by the neuroscientist Sophie Scott: an extra loop of gray matter, present from birth, in the auditory cortex of some phoneticians.
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Few of us spend all day every day navigating, however, as cabbies do, and Maguire doubts that our GPS use is extreme enough to transform our gray matter.
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Brain studies found that the children had much less white matter, the stuff in your brain that connects all the gray matter together, so that nerves can communicate.
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However, the neuroscientists also found that the meditators had more gray matter in another brain region, this time linked to decision-making and working memory: the frontal cortex.
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A small study of teenagers in Europe found that people who used marijuana had more gray matter in their brains, which can affect how humans mature over time.
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A diffusion tensor MRI allows a good look at the white matter of the brain, responsible for organizing communication between the various parts of the brain's gray matter.
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Gray Matter The young people who have come forward to call for gun control in the wake of the mass shooting at their high school in Parkland, Fla.
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So the next time you're wowed by technology's seemingly futuristic AI capabilities, remember that there's a good chance the digital magic is more gray matter than meets the eye.
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More work is required but, correlations between gray matter density in the brain, specifically in the anterior cingulate cortex is smaller with high phone usage according to the study.
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Neuroscientist Sara Lazar found that people who practiced meditation had more gray matter in the part of the brain linked to decision-making and working memory: the frontal cortex.
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In fact, while most people see their cortexes shrink as they age, 50-year-old meditators in the study had thesameamount of gray matter as those half their age.
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Gray Matter If you were to ask historians to name the most foolish treaty ever signed, odds are good that they would name the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 21948.
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Acute flaccid myelitis, also called AFM, is a rare but serious condition that affects the nervous system, with a particular focus on the gray matter of the spinal cord.
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Clusters of gray matter were significantly thinner in the temporal, prefrontoparietal, motor and occipital cortices in the brains of diabetic participants than in the non-diabetic group, the study found.
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Gray Matter A POPULAR remedy for a conflict of interest is disclosure — informing the buyer (or the patient, etc.) of the potential bias of the seller (or the doctor, etc.).
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Luciana Haill's early experience with viral meningitis led to an intense interest in gray matter, and her use of the EEG as a creative medium spans more than two decades.
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In the Gray Matter Opinion column "Women Do Like to Compete — Against Themselves," Coren Apicella and Johanna Mollerstrom write: Years of research suggest that men are more competitive than women.
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Gray Matter School's out for the summer — and so begins a long few months of parents' and teachers' worrying about all the things their children will forget before the fall.
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A widely reported study published in 2006 demonstrated that the brains of London taxi drivers have larger than average amounts of gray matter in the area responsible for complex spatial relations.
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Brain scans of retired taxi drivers suggested that the volume of gray matter in those areas also decreases when that part of the brain is no longer being used as frequently.
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Many video game advocates cite a 2013 study from Germany that asserts that playing 30 minutes of Super Mario 64 a day for two months increased gray matter in the brain.
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Aside from one video work, Mary Reid Kelley's "This Is Offal" (2015–16), which is tucked away in its own screening room, there are no bodies on display in Gray Matter.
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Researchers at the University of Michigan are investigating why astronauts' brains change shape during spaceflight—they've already found that the volume of gray matter fluctuates during short and long duration missions.
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Gray matter in the brain contains the neuron cell bodies, whereas white matter contains bundles of nerve fibers and its job is to process and send signals along the spinal cord.
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The Spanish Nobel laureate produced nearly 3,000 anatomical drawings of the microscopic brain—and these stark, mystifying illustrations are still shaping our understanding of that mysterious gray matter a century later.
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What is clear, though, is that the 26-year-old took quite a liking to the gray matter, even going so far as to name it "Freddy," according to court documents.
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Gray Matter WHEN I began teaching at Sarah Lawrence College in 2010, my colleagues would joke that I was a "targeted hire" because I didn't express uniformly left-wing political views.
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Yet another study in 2018 found that young, educated people with allergies tended to have better spatial reasoning and larger amounts of gray matter in the brain than non-allergic people.
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For morphine users, gray matter volume also increased in regions located outside reward-processing networks, such as in the cingulate cortex, which is involved many functions, including pain responses and learning.
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Contra the hype of marketers (as regurgitated by credulous journalists—for shame!), AI resembles the gray matter in your head about as much as a pull-string doll resembles a rocket scientist.
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Studies in animals and people have shown that physical activity generally increases brain volume and can reduce the number and size of age-related holes in the brain's white and gray matter.
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Even astronauts who spent just two weeks aboard the ISS showed fluctuations in the volume of their brain's gray matter, which is responsible for key functions like muscle control, memory, and emotions.
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AFM, or acute flaccid myelitis, is a rare illness that affects the nervous system, especially the gray matter in the spinal cord, and can cause muscle weakness and sudden onset of paralysis.
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Gray Matter IF you are mugged on a midnight stroll through the park, some people will feel compassion for you, while others will admonish you for being there in the first place.
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What they found in these traumatic-brain-injury cases was totally different: a dustlike scarring, often at the border between gray matter (where synapses reside) and the white matter that interconnects it.
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The statement goes on to describe how several studies have found associations between spanking and aggressive child behavior, depressive symptoms in adolescence and less gray matter in children's brains, among other outcomes.
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Gray Matter In 1942, the anthropologist Ashley Montagu published "Man's Most Dangerous Myth: The Fallacy of Race," an influential book that argued that race is a social concept with no genetic basis.
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Gray Matter Around 2008, while snorkeling and scuba diving in my free time, I began watching the unusual group of animals known as cephalopods, the group that includes octopuses, cuttlefish and squid.
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Gray Matter There were many reasons to oppose President Trump's travel ban on refugees and visitors from seven predominantly Muslim countries, which is now blocked by a federal court's temporary restraining order.
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Gray Matter About 23 years ago, when we were both Ph.D. students at Harvard, we were invited to participate in an unofficial and largely secret wrestling tournament organized by a fellow student.
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Experts said more research was required, involving more women and clearer assessments of social cognition to substantiate whether gray matter loss is truly linked to "theory of mind" and improved mothering skills.
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This goes with the territory; when there's no gray matter wasted on conjuring up riddles and rebuses, a constructor must come up with enough words to challenge the most lexicomaniacal among us.
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What are the aural equivalents of a human face or a human leg — sounds or sound elements so essential the brain assigns a bit of gray matter to the task of detecting them?
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The condition affects the the nervous system — specifically the area of the spinal cord called gray matter — which causes the muscles and reflexes in the body to become weak, according to the CDC.
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I thought at the time, the completion of one-fourth of a moderately challenging puzzle was proof that there was still some gray matter left between the internet-sized holes in my brain.
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Scientists think that people who experience mania have lower volumes of gray matter in their prefrontal cortex—the part of the brain responsible for cognitive functioning and decision making—than those who don't.
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At the same time, those whose physical activity increased over a five-year period — though these cases were few — showed notable increases in gray-matter volume in those same parts of their brains.
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And, perhaps most meaningful, people who had more gray matter correlated with physical activity also had 50 percent less risk five years later of having experienced memory decline or of having developed Alzheimer's.
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"Previous studies have shown associations between gray matter atrophy and risk of developing dementia," study author Mark Hamer, a professor of exercise as medicine at Loughborough University in England, wrote in an email.
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"One particularly interesting finding is that, among individuals with obesity, those with greater waist to hip ratio (a marker of visceral fat around the abdomen), showed even lower gray matter volume," Bohon said.
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In a recent study, Kiehl and his team set out to discover whether brain age—an index of the volume and density of gray matter in the brain—could help predict re-arrest.
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The results showed that those with a strong meditation background had increased gray matter in several areas of the brain, including the auditory and sensory cortex, as well as insula and sensory regions.
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It also means that few people understand how much knowledge – or "gray matter," if you will – goes into something as seemingly simple as producing the lettuce and tomatoes that top their BLT sandwiches.
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Gray Matter A troubling feature of political disagreement in the United States today is that many issues on which liberals and conservatives hold divergent views are questions not of value but of fact.
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During another period of roiling hormonal change — adolescence — gray matter decreases in several brain regions that are believed to provide fine-tuning for the social, emotional and cognitive territory of being a teenager.
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Among people in the morphine group, gray matter volume decreased in several reward-processing regions, such as the gyrus rectus, which regulates learning and memory, and the insula, an area involved in cravings.
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Making things more difficult, mammalian brains are made of squishy gray matter, as opposed to the mostly transparent—and therefore easier to image—worm and fish brains that Vaziri's team had previously studied.
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Gray matter helps preserve the structural integrity of the brain, especially as it pertains to executive functioning (self-control and decision making), as well as memory, emotion, speech, muscle control, and seeing and hearing.
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And, in a sign that weight loss might protect against diabetes-related brain damage, the control group had smaller volumes of gray matter and more white matter disease by the end of the study.
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While on the move, I've been gently testing the decaying gray matter with both the new Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney—Spirit of Justice and the substantially older Hotel Dusk: Room 215, on my 3DS.
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The Republican Party is contemplating an anti-porn amendment, Hawkins said, because research shows that pornography use is linked to decreased gray matter in the brain, having more sexual partners and perpetuating rape myths.
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In fact, studies of people with long-term cocaine addiction show reduced gray matter in the executive area of the brain as well as in the hippocampus, the area responsible for learning and memory.
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The scans showed that the top quartile of active individuals proved to have substantially more gray matter, compared with their peers, in those parts of the brain related to memory and higher-level thinking.
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Research suggests that learning a new physical skill in adulthood, like a new sport, may lead to an increase in the volume of gray matter in parts of our brains related to movement control.
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Gray Matter ANTIBIOTICS are an indispensable weapon in every physician's arsenal, but when prescribed unnecessarily for nonbacterial infections like the common cold, as they too often are, they provide no benefit and create problems.
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As of yet, the part of our gray matter that remembers phone numbers and directions hasn't completely atrophied—believe it or not, it is actually possible to survive and even reproduce without an iPhone.
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I joined a company called Xatrix Entertainment at the time (now Gray Matter Interactive), and I did a pretty punky, let's say, game called Redneck Rampage, and I got to do about everything there.
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The results were remarkable: loss of gray matter in several brain areas involved in a process called social cognition or "theory of mind," the ability to register and consider how other people perceive things.
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"This study provides the first insights into the impact of pregnancy on the gray matter architecture of the human brain," said lead study author Elseline Hoekzema of the University of Leiden in The Netherlands.
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Gray Matter As colleges nationwide prepare to announce this month which applicants they have decided to accept, it's worth asking why so many admissions offices pass up easy opportunities to admit higher-quality students.
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Gray Matter The talk that the political scientist Charles Murray attempted to deliver last month at Middlebury College in Vermont must have been quite provocative — perhaps even offensive or an instance of hate speech.
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They found correlations between mothers and daughters in regional gray matter volume in the corticolimbic circuit including several parts of the brain that influence emotions – the amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex and ventromedial prefrontal cortex.
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This isn't a surprise to a lot of people, but there's more to the science of our cognitive potential than knowing that it can't be true that 90 percent of our gray matter is inactive.
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Gray Matter AT the end of "Star Wars: Episode VI — Return of the Jedi," the heroic Rebel Alliance defeats the evil Galactic Empire, destroying the second Death Star, the empire's central space station (and superweapon).
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Letters To the Editor: Re "In Praise of A.D.H.D.," by Leonard Mlodinow (Gray Matter, Sunday Review, March 18): I have taught thousands of students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder to read, write and become successful.
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Patients who'd taken lithium, anti-psychotics, and anti-epileptic treatments showed different brain signatures—those who'd taken lithium had less thinning of gray matter, suggesting the drug may offer some protective benefit for the brain.
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And during that time, gray matter reductions also happen in the brains of boys and girls as they develop and prepare for adulthood, forming "more specialized and efficient brain circuits," according to the Associated Press.
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"Our study has found a significant decrease in gray matter pruning in the frontal default mode network, which is involved in higher cognitive functions, such as the planning and controlling of social behaviors, " Murugesan said.
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Up until now, scientists have understood some of the mechanics of the disorder and have noted that a person with schizophrenia loses gray matter and has a smaller number of synaptic structures in their brain.
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Of course, we can only guess whether, in the not particularly gray areas of Jones's addled gray matter, there's a genuine (if delusional) credulousness—a commitment to the conspiracies—or a simple crowd-playing cynicism.
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" To which Mr. Bell replied: "A mind should not be so open that the brains fall out; however, it should not be so closed that whatever gray matter which does reside may not be reached.
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After examining structural MRIs from all the astronauts taken before and after spaceflight, the researchers found that all subjects experienced both increases and decreases in the volume of gray matter in different regions of the brain.
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Gray Matter IF social scientists and policy makers have learned anything about how to help the world's poorest people, it's not to trust our intuitions or anecdotal evidence about what kinds of antipoverty programs are effective.
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Gray Matter THE history of moral philosophy is a history of disagreement, but on one point there has been virtual unanimity: It would be absurd to suggest that we should do what we couldn't possibly do.
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The blood in his brain was displacing gray matter, and this small compression of physical stuff—a few ounces of wrinkled tissue, hardly more substantial than cotton wadding—had spirited him away to a parallel universe.
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Gray Matter IF your employer offered you $21.40 to lose weight, an amount that would be deducted from your health insurance premiums next year, would that provide the motivation to help you finally shed those pounds?
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The MRI analyzed pre-season and post-season diffusion imaging metrics, which display the location and orientation of the brain's white matter (the squishy stuff that carries nerve impulses between gray matter areas of the brain).
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"The impediment isn't the lack of the gray matter genius [of cancer researchers] and the ingenuity in terms of new drugs and new treatments, et cetera; it's all this stuff that gets in the way," Biden said.
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Areas of a new mother's brain that had gray matter reductions after birth were also the same areas that had the strongest response when she looked at a photo of her newborn child, according to the study.
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Gray Matter OVER the past dozen years, the Supreme Court has issued several landmark decisions affirming that adolescents and adults are fundamentally different in ways that justify treating minors less harshly when they violate the criminal law.
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It is situated in the brain stem, a hard-to-reach, tube-shaped mass of gray matter at the top of the spinal cord, which functions as the conduit for communication between the brain and the body.
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Though the story takes place in the mid-90s, it could easily have unfolded 40 years earlier: Part of the charm is its evocation of high schoolers using their gray matter, without technology distracting them 24-7.
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Using MRI images from the brains of 210 people, the researchers said on Wednesday they were able to pinpoint 180 distinct areas in the cerebral cortex, the brain's thin, wrinkly outermost layer made of so-called gray matter.
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Another recent study found that the volume of gray matter in astronauts' brains—which is responsible for sensory perception, emotions, and other important functions—fluctuated across several areas as a result of both short and long duration spaceflight.
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After a six-month aerobic regimen, adults aged 20 to 67 showed improvements in executive function - the cognitive processes important for reasoning, planning and problem solving - and expanded gray matter in the brain region central to those functions.
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This is a distinctive and compelling use of appropriation — not the repurposing of an existing work in the interests of glibness or irony, but a scooping-up of communal gray matter that is by definition greater than oneself.
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Gray Matter LAST year, a colleague asked me if I would send her the materials needed to try to replicate one of my published papers — that is, to rerun the study to see if its findings held up.
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But in Zika-infected babies, calcification often occurred in an unusual place: at the intersection of the gray matter of the outer layer of the brain, the cortex, and the white matter of the layer just below that.
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Gray Matter Over the past few years, the discussion of crime and violence in the United States has focused on police brutality, mass incarceration and the sharp rise in violence in cities like Baltimore, St. Louis and Chicago.
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While it's still unclear how—or if—gray matter volume returned to pre-flight levels in the astronauts studied, Steidler is conducting a separate ongoing study that analyzes astronauts' brains in the six months after their returns from space.
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He will not be taking all the credit though if things go well over the next five days — confessing he has tapped into the gray matter of some of Cambridge University's finest students who he lectures once a week.
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Granted, it's somebody else's brain — the one that belonged to Albert Einstein — that's at the center of "Incognito," which embroiders the true story of a Princeton pathologist who spirited away that epochal physicist's gray matter after performing an autopsy.
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A 2010 study found that people who take oral contraceptives tend to have more gray matter—brain tissue that helps with muscle control and sensory perception—in several parts of the brain, including the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus.
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"Some of the areas show decreases in gray matter volume, and I don't want anyone to think that means you go to space and lose brain cells," University of Michigan professor Rachel Seidler, a co-author on the study, told Gizmodo.
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"The impediment isn't the lack of the gray matter genius (of cancer researchers) and the ingenuity in terms of new drugs and new treatments, et cetera; it's all this stuff that gets in the way," Biden said at the meeting.
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Via brain-imaging scans, it also found these people had an increase of gray matter—the gushy tissue that contains our neurons—in the hippocampus, which among other things helps us store memories, and in the cerebellum, which helps with coordination.
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"The brain volume, the total volume, doesn't really change, but we lose about 1% of gray matter starting around 13 and we gain about 1% of white matter at the same time, and that trade off keeps going," Shatkin said.
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Another study found that people who constantly take in more than one form of media at a time (say, if you find yourself using your phone while watching TV) tend to have smaller gray matter area in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex.
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My work has shown an upward shift of the brain within the skull in microgravity, some regions of gray matter increases and others that decrease, structural changes within the brain's white matter, and fluid shifts towards the top of the head.
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Here are Wilson Bentley's photographs of snowflakes from the 1920s; Ernst Haeckel's drawings of oceanic protozoa (from around 1860) and Santiago Ramón y Cajal's lacy ink drawings of gray matter in the cerebral cortex, from the turn of the 20th century.
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Letter To the Editor: Maybe the simplest way to explain "bilinguals' superior social skills" to someone who is not a social scientist is to say that bilingual children learn a simple lesson: Different is good (Gray Matter, Sunday Review, March 13).
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The morphine group had gray matter volume declines of about 3 percent in regions of the brain thought to regulate emotions, cravings and responses to pain and volume increases in areas believed to be responsible for learning, memory and executive function.
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To that end, a study published last week in PLOS One suggested that elderly people who keep up a daily regimen of Super Mario 64 can increase the amount of gray matter in their brain, and even improve their short-term memory.
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It even seemed to understand the way my dyslexic brain thinks—a maze of patched and redirected connections zig-zagging around my gray matter—and could come up with exactly what I was trying to say, even though I couldn't fully spell it.
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"We know that medium to heavy multitaskers, who engage in multiple forms of media simultaneously, tend to demonstrate smaller gray matter area in the anterior cingulate cortex, which is the area of the brain responsible for top-down attention control," he said.
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In 2010, researchers led by Dr. Stephen Fleming at the Wellcome Trust Center for Neuroimaging at University College London published a paper in the journal Science in which they correlated introspective ability with the amount of gray matter in the prefrontal cortex.
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Those changes stick around, too — a 2016 study published in the journal Nature used MRI scans to show that a specific pattern of gray matter, or brain cells, changes in pregnant women and that those alterations last at least two years after they give birth.
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It reports that, after pregnancy, women's brains hold less gray matter in certain areas of the brain, particularly those regions dealing with things like social cognition and theory of mind, or knowing what's going on inside someone else's mind, as explained by Scientific American.
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Gray Matter OVER the past few years, chief executives — including prominent figures like Lloyd Blankfein of Goldman Sachs and Howard Schultz of Starbucks — have been taking public stances on controversial issues like race relations and gender equality that are unrelated to their core businesses.
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Letter To the Editor: Re "You Still Need Your Brain," by Daniel T. Willingham (Gray Matter, Sunday Review, May 21): As a doctor working with medical students and residents, I have found that their main source of information on rounds has become the internet.
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Brain scans of 12-year-old children show reduced thickness of the cortex and decreased gray matter volume in those who lived less than a quarter of a mile (400 meters) from a major highway at age 1, according to a report in PLoS ONE.
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And the more vascular risk factors a person had, the poorer was their brain health, as evidenced by greater brain shrinkage, less gray matter (tissue mainly on the surface of the brain) and less healthy white matter (tissue in deeper parts of the brain).
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A 2014 study showed "people with better spontaneous 'theory of mind' also have less gray matter volume in pretty much exactly these regions," said Rebecca Saxe, a professor of cognitive neuroscience at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who was not involved in the new research.
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While more research is still needed to understand how opioids may alter the brain and whether these shifts in gray matter are harmful, caution is still warranted because the medicines can be addictive and lead to abuse and overdose deaths, Lin added by email.
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This scar tissue partially or completely blocks the electric impulses which are normally able propagate without problems through gray matter, so the trick is figuring out how to implant an electrode without damaging neurons and thereby triggering the build up of scar tissue around the electrode.
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In humans, some believe that these chemical messages are received by the part of our brain known as the hypothalamus, the bit of our gray matter where oxytocin is produced—also known as the "love hormone," it's responsible for social bonding, maternal affection, and sexual pleasure.
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A 2016 study in Nature Neuroscience found that even two years after pregnancy, women had gray matter brain changes in regions involved in social cognition or the ability to empathically understand what is going on in the mind of another person, to put yourself in their shoes.
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There are potential ramifications to the brain as well: A 219 study of 22000 young adults who had repeated exposure to harsh corporal punishment found reduced gray matter volume in an area of the prefrontal cortex that is believed to play a crucial role in social cognition.
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Compared to the other participants, the first-time mothers had a distinct loss of gray matter in regions of the brain associated with what's known as "theory of mind," or the ability to attribute mental states such as thoughts, feelings and intents to themselves and other people.
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In the first neuroimaging study, published in 2016, scientists looked at MRI scans of the brains of 27 astronauts before and after they traveled to space and found extensive decreases in gray matter in certain areas, including around the eyes and the front and side of the brain.
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Gray Matter In the commencement address he delivered at Harvard last month, Mark Zuckerberg, the chief executive of Facebook, warned the graduating students not to trust the story of innovation that Hollywood promotes — namely, "the idea of a single eureka moment" in which a lone thinker has a groundbreaking epiphany.
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Rachael Seidler, a professor of physiology and kinesiology at the University of Florida who co-authored the study, believes much of the apparent loss in gray matter, which was eventually recovered on Earth, was likely not an actual loss but rather due to certain areas compressing as fluid shifted in the head.
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This growth in the hippocampus, lead author and University of Montreal psychologist Greg West told me, is interesting because "we know from a large body of previous research that people with more gray matter in their hippocampus are less at risk of developing certain neuropsychiatric illnesses," like Alzheimer's Disease and other forms of dementia.
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The scientist, who died in 1934, wrote in his autobiography: Like the entomologist in pursuit of brightly colored butterflies, my attention hunted, in the flower garden of the gray matter [the cerebral cortex], cells with delicate and elegant forms, the mysterious butterflies of the soul, the beating of whose wings may someday — who knows?
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Gray Matter IN 1979, in a short book called "The Future of Intellectuals and the Rise of the New Class," the sociologist Alvin Gouldner took up a question then being vigorously debated by social analysts: Did the student movements of the 1960s signal that the highly educated were on their way to becoming a major political force in American society?
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After a significant relationship ended, I knew there were some sex and sexuality gray matter that I wanted untangling, and I quickly realized that the straight male therapist I'd been with for a while —who actually specializes in relationships—wasn't grasping the true essence of what I was saying when it related to being a young woman and my interactions with men.
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Then, as your body prepares for puberty, your brain starts to prune back some of that gray matter and amp up its production of white matter, which allows different parts of the brain to share information better and faster, said Dr. Jess Shatkin, a child and adolescent psychiatrist at the Child Study Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, who was not involved in the new paper.
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In her large, multi-media works, vivid spray-painted, translucent atmospheres are contrasted with opaque, hand-painted geometric areas reminiscent of pointillism or pixelation, a juxtaposition that creates significant spatial depth Recent works such as "Gray Matter" (2017) inhabit an intersection between the theatrical baroque and the graphic specificity of stained glass, which is accentuated a dynamic sense of movement, swirling spirals, upward diagonals, and heavy impasto.
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