The dictionaries Over the past few years dictionaries like Merriam-Webster and Dictionary.
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The dictionary industry itself has been listing of late, as printed dictionaries have given way to online dictionaries, many of them free.
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My favorite subjects are anthropology, history, biography, artist books, joke books, spirituality, nonfiction, science fiction and dictionaries — I like to collect all kinds of dictionaries.
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Much has necessarily been left out: almanacs, biographical dictionaries, gazetteers, calendars, bibliographies, dictionaries of slang, mock reference books (like Ambrose Bierce's "Devil's Dictionary"), collections of proverbs, thesauruses.
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"And that is of course something that's represented in dictionaries and sometimes exaggerated also in dictionaries, depending on how defining styles work and things like that," Russell says.
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"Dictionaries are not regarded as sexy or interesting, but what dictionaries are known for is telling the truth," said Jesse Sheidlower, a lexicographer and past president of the American Dialect Society.
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Climate Emergency Oxford Dictionaries, a collection of online dictionaries produced by a publishing house of Oxford University, declared climate emergency its word of the year after seeing its usage soar more than 10,796%.
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In 22018, 😂 became Oxford Dictionaries' "Word" of the Year.
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They want dictionaries, comics, books on WWII, landscaping, and religion.
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"Glass cliff" was among Oxford Dictionaries' words of the year.
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Now, many students have access to online versions of dictionaries.
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EST Updated with comment from Oxford Dictionaries editor Jeffrey Sherwood.
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"I took everything that I could — books, dictionaries," he said.
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We're celebrating LEXICOGRAPHERS, the people who write and compile dictionaries.
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Dictionaries are compilations of definitions, which are theoretically long lasting.
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And oh, he also had a stack of Russian dictionaries.
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Worcester died the following year, and his dictionaries faded away.
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"Occurrence," which was No. 6 on the Oxford Dictionaries list.
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Does it change how you understand the value of dictionaries?
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Oxford Dictionaries made "climate emergency" its word of the year.
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I love dictionaries and encyclopedias, and I collect the volumes.
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Oxford Dictionaries selected "post-truth" as its word of the year.
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But museums and dictionaries are feeble defence against globalisation and urbanisation.
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Traditional dictionaries also used to be a staple for every classroom.
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But as Stamper explains, writing dictionaries isn't just about defining words.
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Oxford Dictionaries chose "toxic" as its word of the year. Dictionary.
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Merriam-Webster added "Chinese restaurant syndrome" to its dictionaries in 1993.
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Eat Pimientos is what they're called in dictionaries, in seed catalogs.
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Oxford Dictionaries named "climate emergency" its 2019 word of the year.
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Visual dictionaries are a beloved part of the Star Wars franchise.
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TORPEDOS isn't much used, but it is accepted by some dictionaries.
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These dictionaries are commonly used for emotion research and sentiment analysis.
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For one, the words compiled by Google were at odds with those most commonly checked on the Oxford Dictionaries website, Katherine Connor Martin, the head of U.S. Dictionaries at Oxford University Press, said in a email.
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Words like these are not found in the dictionaries of British gentlewomen.
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OXFORD Dictionaries has just named "post-truth" its word of the year.
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"They have dictionaries, and we have a research project," he says wistfully.
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According to Oxford Dictionaries, one simple phrase sums up 2016: "post-truth".
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He examined old seamen's dictionaries, and became an expert knot tyer himself.
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Earlier this month, Oxford Dictionaries named "toxic" its word of the year.
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Oxford Dictionaries chose "toxic" as its word of the year and Dictionary.
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"You would see his name in all four dictionaries," the friend said.
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Oxford Dictionaries declared its word of the year to be "climate emergency".
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"An 'article' is just 'a particular thing,'" she wrote, citing two dictionaries.
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Is it easy to find books, dictionaries or videos in that language?
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Oxford Dictionaries has chosen "climate emergency" as its word of the year.
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Do you have any favorable or unfavorable experiences and memories with dictionaries?
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It is now in most online dictionaries as an American football reference.
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We want clear statements about what things are, and dictionaries provide that.
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Botanical species were assigned sentimental meanings that were collected in exhaustive dictionaries.
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My good-looking teacher said different dictionaries say different things; he was unswayed.
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At least that's according to Oxford Dictionaries' official word of the year selection.
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Chinese dictionaries are often sorted by radical, so these characters are listed together.
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What are dictionaries for, if not to inform us of words' correct meaning?
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British publisher Oxford Dictionaries made "toxic" its word of the year last year.
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Since dictionaries don't invent new meanings, this is really a reflection of usage.
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In November, Oxford Dictionaries chose "post-truth" as this year's most representative word.
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The trend gave birth to a word you won't find in dictionaries: demetrication.
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The Oxford Dictionaries account is comparatively restrained, as is the American Heritage dictionary.
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The Oxford English Dictionary is a venerable tome, the gold standard of dictionaries.
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"Dictionaries, to be frank, are not one of the hot brands that you think of when you think of brands," said Kory Stamper, the author of "Word by Word: The Secret Life of Dictionaries" and a former employee of Merriam-Webster.
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Dictionaries say it is politics directed at ordinary people who feel neglected by elites.
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But most dictionaries from the era of the US's founding define the word broadly.
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Oman-Reagan took to Twitter to call out Oxford Dictionaries for the biased language.
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They are so popular that Oxford Dictionaries declared emoji the official word of 2015.
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In some older dictionaries Populist is capitalised and party membership is the only definition.
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Once staff found books about Trump hidden under a shelf of dictionaries, KREM reported.
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The school had seven Polish dictionaries for students, of which four could be borrowed.
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They'd also be surprised by the amount of nonfiction I read, other than dictionaries.
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Well, the online versions of the Merriam-Webster and Oxford dictionaries get it right.
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It is "Word by Word: The Secret Life of Dictionaries," not "Word for Word."
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Sales of print dictionaries remain brisk and are a profit center for some publishers.
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Many of these terms will eventually meet the requisite standards for entry into major dictionaries.
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Definitions can almost never cover the full complexity of a word, even in huge dictionaries.
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You can access verb conjugation, translate big chunks of text, access traditional dictionaries and more.
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Each year, in any case, official dictionaries grow and adapt to reflect changes in language.
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As such, I decided to analyze it with the appropriate tools: free internet dream dictionaries.
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In the safety of my room, I scoured my dictionaries, and there it was: bala.
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" I remember, years ago, dictionaries advising that pronouncing the "t" in "often" was "considered substandard.
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He soon abandoned his lectures and spent hours reading foreign dictionaries in the university library.
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Oxford Dictionaries has chosen "toxic" as its international word of the year, which seems fair.
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Last year, the Oxford Dictionaries named the word "post-truth" the word of the year.
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Oxford Dictionaries announced yesterday that its international Word of the Year for 2017 is... "youthquake"?
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At first I raised funds to buy my students dictionaries and books, and later classroom laptops.
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Post-truth It's the 2016 Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year so it's definitely a thing.
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And German grammarians are mulling an update to dictionaries to include new genderless versions of words.
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While translation dictionaries will probably remain Reverso's main product, it's good to see some new features.
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These things combined to make the 2016 Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year all too fitting.
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Urban Dictionary has made its name through user-submitted definitions, explaining words which normal dictionaries don't.
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The dictionaries of the time show that "sectarian" carried negative meanings of dissent, bigotry, and heresy.
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Oxford Dictionaries named "Face With Tears of Joy" the actual word of the year in 2015.
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Ask Oxford Dictionaries, which says we've used the word this year to describe just about everything.
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The move follows Oxford Dictionaries' decision to crown "toxic" its word of the year, and Dictionary.
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The usage here is the common one, though, if you look at all the online dictionaries.
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It's not in either of my dictionaries, and I can't find a pronunciation on the web.
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And earlier this month, the company's "My Black is Beautiful" campaign asked dictionaries to rethink their definitions of the word "black," saying dictionaries too often prioritize terms such as "evil" or "dirty" over those that describe the word as it relates to identity and skin color.
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Judges often hunt through dictionaries to support their rulings, but these can miss nuances or make mistakes.
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This isn't the first time recently that the word "complicit" has had people reaching for their dictionaries.
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Who knows, maybe with enough attention your perfect pupper could end up in dictionaries across the world.
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Collins Dictionary, publishing dictionaries now for two centuries, announced its 21.5 "word of the year" on Thursday.
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I sit on the sofa, with the book, the notebook, some dictionaries, a pen strewn around me.
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Ten centuries ago, Arabic erotica written by religious dignitaries and sophisticated dictionaries of sex shocked the West.
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They had to thumb through Korean-English dictionaries to figure out how to get a driver's license.
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But language is constantly evolving, and you need look no further than the foremost authorities on language: dictionaries.
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The annual Oxford Dictionaries "word of the year" can reveal a lot about the world we live in.
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At the free-for-all end are the online and completely crowdsourced dictionaries from Wiktionary to Urban Dictionary.
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Oxford Dictionaries published its latest update on Thursday, adding more than 300 new words to its official collection.
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But the meanings of words shift over time -- something that the writers of dictionaries know all too well.
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According to the Oxford Dictionaries, Latinx was first used in response to an important question around gender identity.
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Mashable spoke with an expert who compiles dictionaries for a living about where the term 'OMG' came from.
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The editors of dictionaries indeed influence human perception of the world and attitudes toward certain objects or phrases.
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While most people associate him with dictionaries, he was, in truth, one of the founders of this country.
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Besides its taking over 125 years to complete, how is the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae different from other dictionaries?
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The meaning of words is as hotly contested as ever, and dictionaries must go where language users go.
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If dictionaries are a form of information technology, the building is in some ways a catalog of obsolescence.
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But most dictionaries — as well as common usage — accept "cow" as a generic term in casual or colloquial uses.
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There were no dictionaries in classrooms, limited basic office supplies (forget a class set of pencils), and few books.
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It's been a really interesting deep dive into how both dictionaries and the English language in general get made.
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" —The Dictionary of the English Language "Dull: Not exhilaterating (sic); not delightful; as, to make dictionaries is dull work.
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Oxford Dictionaries decided on "post-truth," used throughout 2016 in the context of Brexit and the U.S. presidential election.
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Dictionaries used in schools translated the English word intersex into the Icelandic word for "freak" until 2015, Anderson added.
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If you ask Oxford Dictionaries, it's "climate emergency" which the dictionary dubbed its "word of the year" for 211.
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To answer your question, I use CrossFire — although I got my start with pencil, graph paper and online dictionaries.
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" As Atwood no doubt knows, one of the definitions given by Bible dictionaries for "Gilead" is "hill of testimony.
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This isn't the first time the office has stumbled into an evidentiary quagmire of dictionaries and social-justice discourse.
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Champs-sur-Marne refused to include Roma children during its annual distribution of sweets and dictionaries to local children.
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Eco-anxiety Oxford Dictionaries recorded a 4,290% increase in the term "eco-anxiety" in 2019, particularly among young people.
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"Vape" was selected as Oxford Dictionaries' word of the year in 2003, one year before Juul Labs was founded.
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Do you think the selection by the two prestigious dictionaries will help increase awareness, understanding and validation of both?
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In an opinion rich with historical detail and citations to early 20th century legal dictionaries, Gorsuch said that it was.
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The built-in shelves that surrounded us were stacked with books, from dictionaries to history books to Ann Patchett novels.
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Noting the uptick in its usage in 2016 (Trump Year 0), Oxford Dictionaries named "post-truth" word of the year.
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Right now, I'm just finishing up Word by Word by Kory Stamper, a lexicographer and editor for Merriam-Webster dictionaries.
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Shaped like a smartphone, the Mi AI Translator comes preloaded with Oxford and Collins dictionary as well as Chinese dictionaries.
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But it takes time and many apps don't address this middle step before you can forget about translation dictionaries altogether.
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Marquez said she keeps a few dictionaries in her classroom, but she knows teachers who don't have them at all.
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In recent times the Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year designation has gone to terms like emoji, vape and selfie.
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The words of the year, as put forth by various dictionaries, are reactions to Trump's awful effect on the culture.
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One linguist from the University of California, Berkeley, used dictionaries recorded by French Jesuits in the 17th and 18th centuries.
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A friend brought me English dictionaries and I sat down every night and studied the vocabulary so I could communicate.
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Reference point: Oxford Dictionaries named "climate emergency" as its 2019 Word of the Year, choosing from an all-environmental shortlist.
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In this lesson, students will consider the value of dictionaries and learn why one is taking so long to create.
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"We hope that our research will generate novel research which will use both different dictionaries and different databases," he said.
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But he said he was heartened that in the age of the iPhone, the French remained so wedded to their dictionaries.
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"A lot of dictionaries have historically been very squeamish about including words having to do with explicit sex acts," she explains.
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Along the way, participants learned that nearly all major dictionaries had added similar senses, which treated literally like a hyperbolic intensifier.
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Flower dictionaries were made to help recipients decode these fragrant messages, kind of like obsessing over a text from your FWB.
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After Oxford Dictionaries declared POST TRUTH as 2016 "Word of the Year," I knew it had to be a 1-across.
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"Youthquake" is the verbal concoction recently declared Word of the Year (the year being 2017) by the experts at Oxford Dictionaries.
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Eighteenth-century dictionaries defined the word as "a profit, gain or advantage," argued Stephanie Litos of the DC attorney general's office.
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If you didn't already know these terms, crack open your dictionary (do people even own dictionaries anymore?) and get to studying!
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Oxford Dictionaries picked "toxic" as its word of the year, saying the term reflects the ethos, mood and preoccupations of 2018.
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North Korea's Kim slammed Trump from afar as a "mentally deranged US dotard," sending hundreds of thousands running to their dictionaries.
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If the matching tables storing these codes were static, as language dictionaries are, it would not be much of a problem.
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DER: My word list originally started as a few English dictionaries combined with words that had previously appeared in crossword puzzles.
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And what is a fisherie, you ask, having quickly consulted your French, Spanish and English dictionaries and found no such word?
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It's in plenty of dictionaries, but I think any attempt to vindicate it would seem like it was yarned by me.
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As for Rows Gardens, I write the grids manually on paper, using Ginsberg's database and searchable online dictionaries such as Onelook.
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We're covering blunt testimony in the impeachment hearings, Prince Andrew's retreat from public duties and Oxford Dictionaries' word of the year.
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Even French-speaking Britons in the room had to consult their dictionaries to determine just how gravely he had insulted her.
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Dictionaries were no longer a one-man show, but written by an academic staff, professors mindful that America itself was fracturing.
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However, he admits that as a budding poet, he has had to resort to seeking help in thesauruses and online rhyming dictionaries.
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Oxford Dictionaries plumped for "youthquake" after Jeremy Corbyn's Labour Party drove normally apathetic young people to the polls in the general election.
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If philosophers or activists want dictionaries to include a new meaning, they have to get people to use the word that way.
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We leaned heavily on the Online Etymology Dictionary (OED) for information, in addition to various online dictionaries such as Merriam-Webster, Dictionary.
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The Penguin Dictionary finally made a bold move to include it in 1966 and from there it was added into other dictionaries.
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It wouldn't be so sad if it wasn't 200 percent true: Oxford Dictionaries named "selfie" the word of the year in 2013.
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Software programs like Crossfire or Crossword Compiler allow you to create and manage word lists, which are basically dictionaries for the programs.
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It is important to get the right version for your source material because the dictionaries used by the translation software can differ.
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And now, with internet and many online dictionaries and textbooks, having the text you need translated in any language is rather simple.
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We're covering explosive impeachment testimony by an American ambassador, Prince Andrew's withdrawal from public duties, and Oxford Dictionaries' word of the year.
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Standfest collects old science textbooks, children's dictionaries, and in general ingests a steady diet of printed ephemera that present information clearly and authoritatively.
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Data from Oxford Dictionaries show a 45 percent increase in the number of times people have looked up the word on its website.
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Some had Spanish–English dictionaries in front of them and were in the middle of a counting exercise when the first lady arrived.
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I have seen APIs compared to dictionaries, to collections of aphorisms, to the Star Trek constructed language Klingon, to the QWERTY keyboard configuration.
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Supply lists can vary widely — it is not uncommon to see USB flash drives, graphing calculators or pocket dictionaries in many wealthier districts.
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The OED was the 1857 brainchild of the Philological Society of London, who decided that existing English language dictionaries were incomplete and deficient.
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The new version will include official dictionaries in localized languages that Scopely has licensed and will be incorporating into the gameplay, he said.
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Humans don't learn to understand language by memorizing dictionaries and grammar books, so why should we possibly expect our computers to do so?
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The OED was the 1857 brainchild of the Philological Society of London, which decided that existing English language dictionaries were incomplete and deficient.
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Word of the Year: Oxford Dictionaries named "climate emergency" as its 2019 Word of the Year, choosing it from an all-environmental shortlist.
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That may be an inversion of the old dictionary, the graduation present—but discovery, in whatever format, is after all what dictionaries are for.
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Dictionaries like Merriam-Webster's and the Oxford English Dictionary pay close attention to the changes the AP Stylebook makes, and often follow its lead.
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According to Books Through Bars, the most requested books are vocational guides, legal dictionaries, urban fiction, reference books, African American history, and radical history.
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For statutes, he argued for "textualism," requiring judges to look only at the statutory language, and sometimes to dictionaries, when determining a statute's meaning.
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Although he seemed to be one of Caravaggio's most talented followers, one could look in vain for any mention of him in biographical dictionaries.
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Oxford Dictionaries announced the word of the year is "toxic," as people use it to describe almost everything: culture, schools, relationships, stress and more.
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On his new desk, Hadid placed English, Arabic, and French dictionaries, the N.Y.P.D. patrol guide, a small statue of Bob Marley, and the Quran.
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Merriam-Webster chose "justice" as its word of the year for 28503, keeping with the politically themed selections of all major dictionaries this year.
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These terms have pretty much become widely accepted ways to describe women's bodies, and have even ended up in dictionaries that aren't Urban Dictionary.
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On every surface were books and trinkets and junk — Civil War histories, annals of the county, dictionaries, empty beer bottles, packages of ramen noodles.
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Just as there have always been battles over words and their meanings, the writing of dictionaries in the United States has always been political.
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"I'm no fan of dictionaries or reference books: they're élitist," Stephen Colbert said in 2005, when he coined "truthiness" while lampooning George W. Bush.
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The world of sports is a particularly fertile ground for such terms, said Katherine Connor Martin, head of U.S. dictionaries at Oxford University Press.
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This is the first time there's been an official course for the language, but you can also find nearly complete dictionaries in various places online.
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We live in a 'post-truth' era, or at least according to Oxford Dictionaries which named it 'word of the year' in its annual poll.
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With intelligent word prediction, Swype-like gesture input, and cloud sync of custom dictionaries, it's difficult to find a better typing experience on your phone.
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Many Danes take the body's decision to include this or that word in its spelling dictionaries as a sign that it is a "real" word.
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The two dictionaries, the biggest on the internet, have been engaging in a war of Twitter words today that started when Merriam-Webster called Dictionary.
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Thomas Kent, The A.P.'s standards editor, said the change mirrored the way the word was used in dictionaries, newspapers, tech publications and everyday life.
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Lost in translation French President Emmanuel Macron called the wife of Australia's Prime Minister "delicious," and we're all scrambling for our French-to-English dictionaries.
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Some songs used phrases picked out of English dictionaries or nonsense syllables yelped as background vocals, but others confronted violence and anger with taunting confidence.
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Duolingo's course marks the first time there's an official High Valyrian class, but Game of Thrones fanatics have compiled dictionaries that can be found online.
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It's found in reputable dictionaries, including Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary and The Oxford English Dictionary, and has been used in conversations since the 20th century.
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You could read a million dictionaries in a million languages and you may never find a word so right, and fitting to describe that person.
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We all sat around a large table full of etymological dictionaries and thesauruses, and the children were discussing a line about being born in Mexico.
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Since the dictionaries are descriptive, not prescriptive, we will not change a definition solely because we or others believe a word should be used differently.
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I argued that by the various definitions of pie found online and in dictionaries, the coffee cake did, in fact, technically qualify as a pie.
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The battle was drawn in 1828 and lasted for decades, as a succession of dictionaries by Webster and Worcester fought it out in the marketplace.
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Today's acrostic by Emily Cox and Henry Rathvon illuminates, to a small extent I'm sure, what people who write dictionaries for a living go through.
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The Oxford Dictionaries' press release credits the term to Serbian-American playwright Steve Tesich, who used it despairingly in a 1992 essay in the Nation.
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For the dictionary- and fiction-obsessed, Jez Burrows' Dictionary Stories is composed of delightful short stories taken from the entries of various dictionaries around the world.
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Given that the company has been working for years on translation dictionaries, the company tapped this data to create a basic version of this new product.
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I'm sitting in a pair of thermal leggings, surrounded by Arabic dictionaries, listening to nine Syrian boys slowly chanting the same sentence over and over again.
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Despite this slow rise to prominence, the term could become a defining word of our time, according to Casper Grathwohl, president of Oxford Dictionaries: It's official.
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Oxford Dictionaries picked "toxic" as its 2018 word of the year, saying the term reflects the ethos, mood and preoccupations of the past 12 months. Dictionary.
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The current online version of the Oxford Living Dictionaries relegates this definition to second place and lists "becoming more and more rapid" as its leading entry.
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Dozens of everyday office tools have been "absorbed" since the 1970s, including calendars, Rolodexes, dictionaries, maps, books, media players, file cabinets, fax machines and wired phones.
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Founded in 2006, Youdao provides online dictionaries, online classrooms and language courses, with 100 million monthly average users in China in the first half of 2019.
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These words can now be found in Esperanto dictionaries, but you didn't have to wait for permission: Esperantists were invited to construct words, and they did.
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A perception exists that careless millennials and social-media aficionados have laid siege to the English language and that modern dictionaries have failed to hold the line.
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Many readers think that something is a "real word" if it's "in the dictionary" (raising the question of which of the hundreds of English dictionaries they mean).
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As virtually all modern lexicographers acknowledge, dictionaries are there to register actual usage, not to tell the mass of people that they are deploying a word incorrectly.
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The word bae rose to popularity in 2013, and by 2014 it had made the list of Oxford Dictionaries' shortlist for Word of the Year in 2014.
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Or at least that's what the people at Oxford Dictionaries seem to think, having declared that "post-truth" is the international word of the year for 2016.
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In 2015, the Oxford Dictionaries declared its word of the year to be … not a word at all, but instead the "face with tears of joy" emoji.
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That term wasn't added to the online version of The Oxford Dictionaries until 2014, but you could have easily placed a picture of Bridget next to it.
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For the ones the editors invented from scratch, they consulted dictionaries of languages like German, French or Polish to see what these made of contemporary English terms.
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My first Sunday Times puzzles about 30 years ago had to be done on graph paper, with hard-cover dictionaries and a ton of trial and error.
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In a Going Further activity, they will imagine that all dictionaries in the world have been destroyed and that they must help to make a new one.
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We definitely own a lot of translation dictionaries, which I always find startling when I see them: English to French, English to Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Hindi, Urdu.
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The term has been everywhere since Donald Trump's inauguration, so much so that the Oxford Dictionaries named it one of the most popular words of 2018: gaslighting.
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Unless, as the authors of the new algorithm discovered, you can break the big dictionary into smaller dictionaries and find a clever way to put it back together.
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A dictionary is really a database; it has fields for headword, pronunciation, etymology, definition, and in the case of historical dictionaries like the OED, citations of past usages.
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Oligarchy (and socialism) Former candidate Bernie Sanders sent people rushing to online dictionaries after using the term "oligarchy" -- something he said Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton would work against.
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Qiou is hard to write using Chinese-language software, which tends to struggle with characters not found in dictionaries—the face in our illustration incorporates the qiou character.
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In its response to Oman-Reagan's claims, Oxford Dictionaries tried to deflect blame, protesting that its entries merely reflect language as it is and has historically been used.
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Predictive keyboards started capitalizing the beginning of sentences and any proper nouns that were in their dictionaries, and suddenly it took more effort to put something in lowercase.
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It was a simple but powerful idea, and it led to lots of similar handheld computers from Franklin over the next two decades, including translators and handheld dictionaries.
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I have a B.A. in English history and I've never found a reference to that word outside of crosswords and dictionaries, although I'm sure there are some somewhere.
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The compiling of dictionaries may seem a quiet topic, but this memoiristic account of the lexicographer's art, by an editor at Merriam-Webster, is an unlikely page-turner.
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Presenting slang is always troublesome for dictionaries, which depend on published sources for evidence of word usage, whereas informal language is often ephemeral — more frequently spoken than written.
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But if we can add words like "selfie" and "twerk" to official dictionaries, an adjustment to such a powerful word like "hero" on Google shouldn't be a problem.
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She didn't mind if those tackling her puzzles turned to dictionaries and other resources; for her, it was all about filling in the grid by whatever means necessary.
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By being crowdsourced, Urban Dictionary circumvents other dictionaries' general slowness to change and keep pace with the times in a way that makes it an invaluable digital resource.31.
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Neil Gorsuch is a brilliant jurist who knows his originalism well -- and textualism -- and has a penchant for going to dictionaries and history books to find the right answer.
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Oxford Dictionaries' website said candidates for the word of the year are selected from the publisher's language research program, which gathers around 150 million words in the English language.
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Instead, Mr Messitte concluded, with a nod to a number of founding-era dictionaries, "'emolument' was commonly understood by the founding generation to encompass any 'profit', 'gain' or 'advantage'".
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Even in the earlier period of English, poets and playwrights provide evidence of contemporary spoken usage, and slang dictionaries have a long history, stretching back to the 17th century.
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A number of pre-defined rules exist in SAP HANA to facilitate sentiment analysis but these can be further extended through customisation of keyword dictionaries depending on the scenario.
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Oxford Dictionaries says that its research showed that in 2018 "more than ever, people have been using 'toxic' to describe a vast array of things, situations, concerns and events."
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Messitte based his interpretation on the constitutional text of the foreign and domestic emoluments clauses and his reading of the framers' intentions, along with dictionaries and other outside sources.
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Since then, the "face with tears of joy" became the Oxford Dictionaries word of the year in 2380, and last year "The Emoji Movie" was an animated critical flop.
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Ms. Giovanardi said that in January, she looked up the word "woman" on Google, which draws from Oxford's dictionaries when people ask the search engine to define a word.
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Determined to be able to write letters to his mom, Bunn started with dictionaries and children's books, working with teachers on how to sound words out, letter by letter.
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The top letter, in which Cohen wrote in December 21992 about being "alone with the vast dictionaries of language," fetched $56,250 compared to an original high estimate of $10,000.
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If the Oxford Dictionaries' word of the year is meant to encapsulate an entire year in language and culture, 2016's is particularly — and, let's be real, fittingly — bleak.
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" She added that the books the librarians are sitting on are old dictionaries from the library's archive because they "thought it would be funny to include a wee librarian touch.
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APIs have been compared to dictionaries of words with their definitions, but John Bergmayer, a senior staff attorney at Public Knowledge, says they're more like collections of proverbs or idioms.
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And while "fisk" is not a word in the Merriam Webster dictionary, other online dictionaries list it as a slang term that means to refute or criticize, especially an article.
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But that era might finally be coming to an end, thanks to the internet, the decline of print dictionaries, and the political consequences of an anything-goes approach to language.
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While various other Words of the Year were chosen by dictionaries, they could all mostly be linked back to the president-elect and the current political climate around the world.
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Old magazines, software catalogs, floppy discs containing productivity software, educational games, and dictionaries for the Apple II. Once, he went searching for every AOL free trial CD-ROM ever published.
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But critics say the move would enrich a few private companies, and would limit prisoners to the catalogs' paltry, price-inflated roster of TV dinners, potato chips and Scrabble dictionaries.
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But other legal scholars say that dictionaries, the papers of the founders and other historical sources suggest that when the Constitution was written the term encompassed profits from commercial transactions.
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Vicky, the co-owner of African Wonderland Imports, who arrived from Nigeria in the 1960s, says her copies of Yoruba dictionaries, teach-yourself books and Yoruba-English Bibles sell well.
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But in many dictionaries of sign languages around the world, including of American Sign Language in the United States, the sign for "Jewish" is simply a stroke under the chin.
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According to The New York Times stylebook (and dictionaries, and the style guides of many other publications), "nauseous" is the property of making other people feel sick to their stomachs.
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Yet the process of evaluating evidence and writing definitions in a clear and unbiased manner remains the objective, said Katherine Connor Martin, head of American dictionaries at Oxford University Press.
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The newest tenant, Amelia Lynd, an intellectual, elderly British woman, befriends Chino — giving him lessons in literature, grammar, philosophy and history, sharing her passion for dictionaries and making him word-hungry.
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It encompasses three news organizations only, and the sentiment dictionaries on which it relies don't account for nuance (the word "suicide" used in the context of a suicide prevented, for example).
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But by 2013, enough people were using it interchangeably with "metaphorically" that even leading grammar pedants threw up their hands (literally?), and the Merriam-Webster and Cambridge dictionaries expanded their definitions.
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IN A sunny classroom scattered with Spanish translations of "Green Eggs and Ham" and Spanish-English dictionaries, Anabel Barrón reads aloud to her second-grade class from a book about penguins.
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Just as lexicographers formalize this behavior every day by adding and deleting words from dictionaries, medical professionals simply need to do this work with analytical judgment, not for but alongside patients.
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After staying up all night verifying things in that book with dictionaries and encyclopedias (because there wasn't any internet at that time), I became an activist overnight and have never stopped.
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A *sigh* was Johnson's reaction to another story of non-traditional writing: last year Oxford Dictionaries chose an emoji—those cartoonish faces descended from emoticons—as its "Word of the Year".
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"What we found especially interesting is that it encapsulated a trans-Atlantic phenomenon," Katherine Connor Martin, the head of United States dictionaries at Oxford University Press, told the New York Times.
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For evidence, look no further than the opposing sides in our national debate over immigration, which seem to draw from entirely separate dictionaries when they describe the situation at the border.
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"As of now he still hasn't corrected the spelling of counsel, I guess he wants to show his base that he won't be swayed by left-wing liberal dictionaries," Kimmel said.
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It was such a hit in Britain that the Oxford dictionaries named hygge one of its top 10 words of 2016, and Pinterest called it one of its top trends for 2017.
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It was no accident that the Oxford Dictionaries' word of the year in 2016 was "post-truth," a condition where facts are less influential in shaping opinion than emotion and personal belief.
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Russian dictionaries of cursing draw on a rich tradition: Some words have thousands of variants and are woven into Russian literature and culture, particularly in works concerning the prisons and the army.
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John Mikhail, a Georgetown law professor, looked at 40 different dictionaries published between 1604 and 1804 to try to determine how the word was understood at the time of the Constitution's framing.
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When I was in elementary school, the first thing I did with new dictionaries was find the bad words, circle them, and draw helpful illustrations in the margins for the next kid.
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" Samuel Johnson, who created one of the first modern English dictionaries, threatens to merge with the politician and Brexiteer Boris Johnson until Lux helpfully distinguishes them: "The man who wrote the dictionary . . .
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Author's Note I was disappointed when the website of Oxford Dictionaries called off its search for the worst word in the English language before I got a chance to have my say.
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We interviewed someone who compiles dictionaries and found out that there may be a lot more than you think when it comes to how a word makes its way into the dictionary.
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SIDNEY, Ohio — The 2000-by-2200-inch box sits atop a bookshelf in the district headquarters, as much a part of the office furniture as the manila folders, yearbooks and Webster's dictionaries.
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"Milkshake duck" just missed a spot in the Oxford Dictionaries, but the phrase was honored this month by Australia's Macquarie Dictionary, which declared it the word of the year for 2017. Confused?
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He too had dictionaries from a number of languages in his library - including Arabic, Gaelic and Welsh, but no evidence exists that he ever gained any sort of fluency in these languages.
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The tension over whether dictionaries are reflective or prescriptive erupted in a different way across the Atlantic, with a petition questioning whether, or when, historic terms should be stricken from the record.
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In the 1980s, psychologists developed the Big Five model of personality (also called the five factor model) by poring over dictionaries and listing every word that can be used to describe a person.
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While the ancient Egyptians attributed hysteria (a term used in official medical dictionaries until the 80s) to the womb wandering about the body, the Elizabethans and Victorians blamed it on leaky female fluids.
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His desk is surrounded by dictionaries in English, Spanish, French and Italian, and bookshelves with volumes of poetry by E. E. Cummings, Milton, Ezra Pound, Ted Hughes, T. S. Eliot and Frank O'Hara.
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Bork was subjected to such a long, drawn out, politically disastrous cavity search by Senate Democrats that "to bork" is now in dictionaries as a verb, meaning "to obstruct," particularly for political reasons.
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With a mandate to expand, he bought other publishers, enlarged fiction and nonfiction lists, published dictionaries and encyclopedias, added new textbooks and introduced books on tape, educational games and audiovisual aids for schools.
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He mentions cycling, but his exercise still seems to derive from sentence construction, prying out lazy words, rummaging through dictionaries and wringing suspense from unlikely moments, as when he extends his Orange Trapper.
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"Milkshake duck" just missed a spot in the Oxford Dictionaries, but the phrase was honored this month by Macquarie Dictionary in Australia, which declared it the word of the year for 2017. Confused?
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Such colloquial words were, however, collected in small dictionaries of slang, jargon, and cant vocabulary over the years, giving us a window into the history of colorful nonliterary language, particularly that of London.
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It's that time of the year again when online dictionaries declare their Word of the Year which is usually the perfect commentary to look back at the past 12 months with renewed insight.
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Oxford Dictionaries says it will review the example sentence its dictionary provides for the word "rabid," which was the subject of a social media brouhaha this weekend after an academic claimed it was sexist.
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"Our research shows that this year, more than ever, people have been using 'toxic' to describe a vast array of things, situations, concerns and events," a video released by Oxford Dictionaries on Twitter said.
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Impressively, this process can also be done offline once you have downloaded a small file, allowing visiting tourists to use their phones as immediate pocket dictionaries without the need for a Wi-Fi connection.
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But currently, I'm working my way through Dictionary Stories by Jez Burrows, which is a delightful collection of short stories that Burrows has put together out of example texts from a collection of dictionaries.
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As explained by Nicole Holliday in the Oxford Dictionaries blog, the word originated in the black community in the mid 20th century with the meaning of being conscious of social systems of black oppression.
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"According to Oxford Dictionaries, post-truth is an adjective that means "relating to or denoting circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief.
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Among the check cashing locations, pawn shops and bodegas that lined the commercial thoroughfare when she was growing up, she said, were street vendors selling an assortment of books — from urban fiction to dictionaries.
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Following the announcement, Casper Grathwohl, the president of Oxford Dictionaries, said it wasn't surprising that "post-truth" was selected to define 2016, considering it was a year "dominated by highly-charged political and social discourse".
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Oxford Dictionaries declared the word of the year to be "youthquake" (which I didn't even know was a word), in part because of the way young voters turned out for UK Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn.
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"In 2018, toxic added many strings to its poisoned bow becoming an intoxicating descriptor for the year's most talked about topics," the Oxford University Press, publisher of Oxford Dictionaries, said on its website this week.
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But the highest-ticket letter in the set, "Alone with the vast dictionaries of language" (1960) went for $56,250 and shows Cohen lamenting the rejection of his novel, The Favorite Game, by a Canadian publisher.
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Ms. Stamper, a lexicographer at Merriam-Webster and the author of the new book "Word by Word: The Secret Life of Dictionaries," takes a capacious view of language and a dim view of language peevers.
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But while Korean-English dictionaries will misleadingly translate the word to "cool," in K-food speak, the term refers less to temperature, and more to the after-effect of consuming a warm and spicy broth.
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You can read up further about tweet object-dictionaries in the Twitter API documentation, but here I just printed timeline to the screen and looked at it for a few seconds to see what's inside.
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Human resources, as defined in both the dictionaries of our land, and in the hearts of its C-suite executives, are that portion of a company's exploitable resources that are human, as opposed to, say, financial.
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Peter Sokolowski, a lexicographer and Merriam-Webster's editor at large, said that Merriam-Webster doesn't set out to capture the zeitgeist in its words of the year lists, like some other dictionaries and linguistic organizations do.
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"English has always borrowed words from other languages, and once they are found in our dictionaries they are considered to be English words," said the editor at large of Merriam-Webster, Peter Sokolowski, in a news release.
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Oxford Dictionaries reviews and debates a selection of terms for "Word of the Year" on an annual basis, with the team hoping to discover an expression that "captures the ethos, mood or preoccupations" of that particular year.
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Trump often employs the phrase "big league" to describe his plans or a particular measure of success or difference, though it often sounds as though he's deploying "bigly," an obscure word that does appear in some dictionaries.
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When Oxford Dictionaries crowned "selfie" its word of the year in 2013 (defeating "twerk"), its editors noted that the first known use of the term was in an Australian Broadcasting Corporation forum 15 years ago this month.
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And this month, Ms. Stamper, the author of the new book "Word by Word: The Secret Life of Dictionaries," was more than happy to offer a tour of some of the distinctly analog oddities in the basement.
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The O.E.D. normally likes to see a word in general use for about a decade before it is enshrined in its august pages, said Katherine Connor Martin, the head of United States dictionaries at Oxford University Press.
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Mark Liberman, a professor of linguistics at the University of Pennsylvania, said he has received "bises," which French-English dictionaries translate to "x" or "xx," from some of his closer French colleagues since at least the 1980s.
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If Moore's friend retweets a picture of Obama, and Moore thinks maybe it's from that AI, he can run it through the program to see which of the two dictionaries—the real or the fake—best defines it.
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And I'd begin with last month's Oxford Dictionaries selection of post-truth — "circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief" —as the international word of the year.
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The DOJ points out that the court hearing the case, other courts, and even our own dictionaries have historically agreed that the term "sex" in Title VII refers only to membership in a class delineated by biological gender.
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U.K. puzzles by and large stick fairly rigidly to the dictionaries, so having access to entries like P. DIDDY and WRITE ME — and working with a much broader list of slang, neologisms and proper nouns — was good fun.
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And if you needed further proof that 2016 has been a particularly intense harbinger of chaos, look no further than the Oxford Dictionaries' word of the year for 2015, which was the "face laughing with tears" emoji. LOL.
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The gentle black-and-white gradients of the books' pages are still apparent, their leather spines often still legible; one is made up of volumes of the Encyclopedia Americana, another from a mix of dictionaries and literary anthologies.
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Per Jean H. Lee, an Associated Press reporter who covers North Korea, the Korean Central News Agency, which published the statement, uses "very old Korean-English dictionaries" and thus might end up usingâ€"you guessed itâ€"very old words.
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From throwing shade at Trump's common misspellings to calling out Neil deGrasse Tyson for being a grump, dictionaries have mastered the small but powerful troll of sharing a simple definition or top word search in wake of controversial news.
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The proper collective noun to use to describe a group of rats is — according to most dictionaries — a "mischief," a fact that will certainly be useful in describing the latest refreshes to Mad Catz's RAT line of gaming mice.
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Governments and the media are now trusted by only 41 and 133 percent of people respectively, with confidence in news outlets down particularly sharply after a year in which "post-truth" become the Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year.
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Most dictionaries focus on the most prominent or recent meaning of a word; this one aims to show every single way anyone ever used it, from the earliest Latin inscriptions in the sixth century B.C. to around A.D. 21.25.
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And when you don't speak the language, that can be difficult to do — even with the aid of translation apps or language dictionaries, as they're often more focused on everyday vocabulary, not necessarily on the proper names of places.
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At a time when many are questioning the definition of common words they thought they understood, after years of the English language being degraded by text messages and hashtags, dictionaries have made a surprising comeback in the United States.
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On Monday, it was the use of the innocuous-sounding word "alignment" that crashed hopes of a breakthrough in Brexit talks, prompting a political crisis in London and sending diplomats scurrying to their dictionaries in search of alternative terminology.
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" Earlier this month, Oxford Dictionaries named "post-truth" its 2016 Word of the Year, defining it as "relating to or denoting circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief.
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Lexicographers researched and published dictionaries and thesauruses, and the printing presses — under pressure from capitalism's dictates — created rich shelves of books filled with the stories and myths of peoples who just a few decades ago didn't "exist" in the mind's eye.
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As Mr. White scooted out of his state-owned Prius to return a football that had been tossed from a schoolyard last week, an elementary school student recognized him, seizing the chance to suggest that dictionaries be allowed during state tests.
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If, as the judge suggests, a salary test is against Congressional intent (which he divined by consulting dictionaries from 1938 rather than the Congressional record), then Congress would have made that clear in its 85033 amendment to the EAP provision.
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The vast majority are Hasidim and other ultra-Orthodox Jews in the New York area who spurn secular books and newspapers and, yes, even dictionaries in using a vernacular that is as intrinsic in their neighborhoods as air and water.
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It took a common phrase, such as "Kiss Me, I'm a [blank]," compiled hundreds of thousands of words from digital dictionaries, created a list of phrase variations using those words, and then generated images of T-shirts with each phrase.
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Katherine Connor Martin, the head of United States dictionaries at Oxford University Press, said it surged most sharply in June after the Brexit vote and Donald J. Trump's securing the Republican nomination for president, making it an unusually global word.
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"Even though the word does not appear to have not made it into any major dictionaries yet, it has now been splashed across news stories nationwide," the Atlantic wrote in a June 22010 exploration of where the word came from.
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After the election, the Oxford Dictionaries named "post-truth" as its word of the year for 2016 (defining it as a state "in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief").
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