According to Semana, a newsweekly, Mr Uribe, too, may stay away, vitiating one of the meeting's tacit aims—to shore up bipartisanship in Colombia.
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However, recent multinational experiences suggest that this level of interoperability simply increases political, military and professional friction, ultimately vitiating the very operational capability which it was supposed to augment.
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When deficits are financed by irreversible money creation, it leads to excess growth in the money supply and eventually inflation, vitiating incentives to save, invest and grow the economy.
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The order, signed by the principal secretary in the state's Home Department, contended that social media was being used by "anti-national and subversive elements" for "vitiating peace and tranquillity" in the state.
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The Taliban may likewise make significant promises only to violently grab power once U.S. forces withdraw — at once vitiating America's commitment to the Afghan women, who have borne a disproportionate cost of this war and delegitimizing the 18 years of blood and treasure spent in Afghanistan.
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Update: Biden's office pushed back after publication of this story against the idea that he wouldn't allow the other women to testify and pointed out, on page 440 of the hearing transcript is a letter sent from Biden to one of the women, Angela Wright, vitiating her subpoena.
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"Unprecedented" is a good word to use here: for Israel denying entry to elected officials from its staunchest ally and benefactor; for America's president siding with a foreign government against Americans, and using the power of the presidency to denigrate and weaken members of an equal branch of government; and for David Friedman, America's ambassador to Israel, vitiating the foremost of America's cherished principles in declaring that BDS "is not free speech".
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In English law, a vitiating factor in the common law of contract is a factor that can affect the validity of a contract. The concept has been adopted in other common law jurisdictions, including the USA. A vitiating factor is one which spoils the contract, rendering it imperfect. The standard remedy is rescission, but damages may also be available.
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"misleading and deceptive conduct", "mistake", "duress",. and "unconscionable conduct". In general law, the remedy for vitiating factors is rescission and full restoration, even in cases of third party impropriety.
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In contract law, rescission is an equitable remedy which allows a contractual party to cancel the contract. Parties may rescind if they are the victims of a vitiating factor, such as misrepresentation, mistake, duress, or undue influence.Abdallah, Inc. v. Martin, 242 Minn.
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Outlined below are the 'unjust factors' which have been recognised (or proposed) within the English law of unjust enrichment. Some of these doctrines feature in the law of contract, where they are termed 'vitiating factors'. The applicable principles are not always the same, however.
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IO did dispute that Veoh's application of its infringer policy was reasonable and asserted that it was a triable issue vitiating Veoh's motion for summary judgement. While the DMCA does not explicitly define what reasonably implemented means, the Court was able to look to the binding precedent set by the Ninth Circuit in Perfect 10, Inc. v. CCBill LLC, 488 F.3d 1102 (9th 2007).
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Another advantage is that should the sales contract be found defective due to some vitiating factor (e.g. fraud, mistake, or undue influence), this would not affect the seller's ownership, thereby making it unnecessary to resell the property for the sake of transferring ownership back to the original seller. Instead, under the rules of unjust enrichment, the buyer is obligated to transfer the property back if possible or otherwise pay compensation.
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Indenting of the sleeper was the problem; where the traffic was heavy, it became necessary to provide a sole plate under the rails to spread the load on the tie, partly vitiating the cost saving. However, in main line situations, this form found almost universal adoption in North America and Australia, and in much of continental Europe. The United Kingdom persisted with bullhead rail in main line use, with widespread introduction of flat-bottom rail only starting in about 1947.
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The doctrine in the aspect of contract essentially does the same thing as one of the vitiating contractual elements known as 'illegality'. Here contractual remedies can not be enforced by a court on a defendant if it is manifest that the subject matter of the contract is in anyway whether directly or by implication, contrary to public policy or in contradiction with any existing law or custom. A somewhat related concept in the law of contracts is the equitable defense of unclean hands.
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Therefore the election must have been vitiated in some way known only to Jupiter: see Veit Rosenberger, in Rüpke, Jörg (Editor), A Companion to Roman Religion, Wiley-Blackwell, 2007, p.298; citing Cicero, De Divinatione, 2.77. The original meaning of the semantic root in vitium may have been "hindrance", related to the verb vito, vitare, "to go out of the way"; the adjective form vitiosus can mean "hindering", that is, "vitiating, faulty."David Wardle, Cicero on Divination, Book 1 (Oxford University Press, 2006), p. 178.
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Alexander Pope satirized the London Journal by name in The Dunciad, and Duncombe had written a letter to it criticizing John Gay's The Beggar's Opera for its vitiating effects on public morals. He had, in the letter, counterposed the sermons of Thomas Herring on Jonathan Wild and thievery. Herring, who would later become the Archbishop of Canterbury under the Hanoverians, became a friend of Duncombe's. Duncombe wrote on education in 1744, and his The Choice of Hercules was included in Robert Dodsley's Miscellanies of 1748.
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In May 1791, the Caracas Council (Cabildo) gave him a position as teacher in the "Reading and Writing School for Children". In 1794, he presented his critical writing Reflection on the flaws vitiating the Reading and Writing School for Children in Caracas and Means of Achieving its Reform and a New Establishment to the council, which represented an original approach to a modern school system. His role in the failed Gual and España conspiracy against the Spanish crown in 1797 forced him to leave Venezuela.
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The 1962 Bhavnagar meeting "was the outcome of prolonged discussions through personal meetings and correspondence over a period of two years between like-minded artists on the situation existing in modern Indian art. Having come to a common understanding regarding the vitiating influences which hinder the unfolding of authentic development in art, it was decided to launch the group 1890 movement." The group's manifesto was discussed at the Bhavnagar meeting and later adopted in New Delhi on 19 July 1963, a few months before the group's inaugural exhibition.
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See Priestley, 7 L.J. Ex. at 43. Serjeant Adams concluded his advocacy by proclaiming that "there is nothing in the declaration which shews that this was anything more than a mere accident; and for a mere accident which happens in a master's service, the master is not responsible." Id. As with the arguments presented by his opposing counsel, Adams never raised the prospect of vitiating his client's liability due to the intervening act of a fellow servant. Instead of rendering a decision on the day of argument, the Court of Exchequer reserved judgment, presenting its opinion on 23 November 1837.
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304, citing Saara Lilja, Homosexuality in Republican and Augustan Rome (Societas Scientiarum Fennica, 1983), p. 122. No moral censure was directed at the man who enjoyed sex acts with either women or males of inferior status, as long as his behaviors revealed no weaknesses or excesses, nor infringed on the rights and prerogatives of his masculine peers. While perceived effeminacy was denounced, especially in political rhetoric, sex in moderation with male prostitutes or slaves was not regarded as improper or vitiating to masculinity, if the male citizen took the active and not the receptive role. Hypersexuality, however, was condemned morally and medically in both men and women.
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A number of decisions from Australian courts have also affected the circumstances where legal action can be taken regarding contracts, recognising factors that change contractual obligations. These include situations involving "unconscionable dealings",. where one party is at a "special disadvantage", or where a party exercises "undue influence", and will commonly result in the contract being declared void or voidable by the court. Other vitiating factors may include "misrepresentation" if it amounts to a false statement of a material fact made by the representor to the represent in order to induce the represent to enter into the contract and which has this effect,Smith v Land and House Property Corp (1884) 28 Ch D 7 LawCite.
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He went on to describe it as "an ill Habit of Body, arising either from Obstructions, particularly of the menstrual Purgation, or from a Congestion of crude Humours in the Viscera, vitiating the Ferments of the Bowels, especially those of Concoction, and placing therein a depraved Appetite of Things directly preternatural, as Chalk, Cinders, Earth, Sand, &c;". One of his case studies was that of an 11-year-old girl who was found, on investigation, to have been eating large quantities of coal. Chlorosis is briefly mentioned in Casanova's Histoire de ma vie: "I do not know, but we have some physicians who say that chlorosis in girls is the result of that pleasure onanism indulged in to excess".
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Quantum meruit is the measure of damages where an express contract is mutually modified by the implied agreement of the parties, or not completed. While there is often confusion between the concept of quantum meruit and that of "unjust enrichment" of one party at the expense of another, the two concepts are distinct. The concept of quantum meruit applies in (but is not limited to) the following set of situations: #When a person hires another to do work, but an impeding act falling short of vitiating frustration/repudiation has occurred, such as access or intervening act of God, the worker may sue (or counter-sue) for the value of the improvements made/services rendered. The law implies a promise from the employer to the worker that they will pay them for their services, as much as they may deserve or merit.
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Hogg v Cramphorn Ltd [1967] Ch 254. His judgment continued. > The extreme argument on one side is that, for validity, what is required is > bona fide exercise of the power in the interests of the company: that once > it is found that the directors were not motivated by self-interest—i.e. by a > desire to retain their control of the company or their positions on the > board—the matter is concluded in their favour and that the court will not > inquire into the validity of their reasons for making the issue... It can be > accepted, as one would only expect, that the majority of cases in which > issues of shares are challenged in the courts are cases in which the > vitiating element is the self-interest of the directors, or at least the > purpose of the directors to preserve their own control of the management.
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