However, osteoderms are not a distinguishing feature of the group, as the two noted by Unchurch et al. include caudal vertebrae with strongly concave front faces (procoely), although the farthest vertebrae are not procoelous.
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Also, the front (proximal) caudal vertebrae were particularly strong procoelous. This first feature is also shared with Mamenchisauridae. Unchurch et al. named Lithostrotia based on the presence of osteoderms in many members, but the eponymous osteoderms do not represent synapomorphy, as the evolutionary history of osteoderms is unknown within the titanosaurs.
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Malawisaurus skeleton, Royal Ontario Museum Lithostrotia is a derived group of titanosaurs, excluding primitive forms such as Andesaurus and Phuwiangosaurus. The possibly equivalent clade Titanosauridae was positioned in a phylogenetic analysis by Calvo et al. (2007), where it included all titanosaurs apart from Andesaurus, though multiple primitive forms were not analyzed. Other phylogenies, by Unchurch et al.
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In 2005, he appeared in Mohit Suri's Zeher (2005) and followed it with the thriller Jannat (2008), where he played a police inspector. Kochhar was part of Island City directed by Ruchika Oberoi, that received rave reviews at the Venice International Film Festival as well as the JIO MAMI Film Festival 2015 in Mumbai. He will also be seen in Mango Dreams, a feature film set in India, directed by American director John Unchurch. Kochhar is also part of the CCL (Celebrity Cricket League) team Mumbai Heroes.
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Lithostrotia (also known by the synonym AntarctosauridaeHoltz, Thomas R. Jr. (2011) Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages, Winter 2010 Appendix.) is a clade or family of derived titanosaur sauropods that lived during the Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous. The group was defined by Unchurch et al. in 2004 as the most recent common ancestor of Malawisaurus and Saltasaurus and all the descendants of that ancestor. Lithostrotia is derived from the Ancient Greek , meaning "inlaid with stones", referring to the fact that many known lithostrotians are preserved with osteoderms.
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In the sixteenth century a solid body of Anglican opinion emerged which saw the theological importance of the historic episcopate but refused to 'unchurch' those churches which did not retain it. The preface to the Ordinal limits itself to stating historical reasons why episcopal orders are to 'be continued and reverently used in the Church of England'. Before 1662 it was assumed that the foreign Reformed (Presbyterian) Churches were genuine ones with an authentic ministry of Word and Sacrament. The 1662 Act of Uniformity formally excluded from pastoral office in England any who lacked episcopal ordination but this was a reaction against the abolition of episcopacy in the Commonwealth period.
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The historic episcopate is the understanding that the Christian ministry has descended from the Apostles by a continuous transmission through the episcopates. While other churches have relatively rigid interpretations for the requirements of this transmission, the Anglican Communion accepts a number of beliefs for what constitutes the episcopate. In the sixteenth century, a solid body of Anglican opinion emerged which saw the theological importance of the historic episcopate but refused to 'unchurch' those churches which did not retain it. This was questioned during the earlier part of the seventeenth century and the 1662 Act of Uniformity excluded from pastoral office in England any who lacked episcopal ordination.
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Chidley had led a group of women in refusing to take part in the churching of women, which some Puritans found offensive and for which Studley demanded a fee. She arrived through her experiences at separatist conclusions and was later to write in justification of Independent or Congregationalist tendency within Puritanism. Herring was opposed to this group, and Clarke reports his frequent observation: > It is a sin of an high nature to unchurch a Nation at once, and that this > would become the spring of many other fearful errours, for separation will > eat like a Gangrene into the heart of Godlinesse. And he did pray, that they > who would un-church others, might not be un-christianed themselves.
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Whether a church should have the episcopal ministry (bishops) to be a ‘true church’ is a highly important question in ecumenical dialogue. It has to with ‘academic’ reflection about the essence and structure of the church, but also with the very practical question whether churches without bishops can be affiliated to Anglican churches at several levels of ‘communion’ (mutual recognition and participation). Avis’s view on episcopacy is nuanced. On the one hand, he affirms the episcopal character of Anglicanism and does not believe that any future uniting church, involving Anglican churches, can do without bishops. On the other hand, he does not ‘unchurch’ non-episcopal churches, that is, he does not deny that non- episcopal churches are true churches with true sacraments.
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Churches that claim some form of episcopal apostolic succession, dating back to the apostles or to leaders from the apostolic era,Apostolicity Catholic Encyclopedia article include the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Oriental Orthodox Churches, the Church of the East, the Anglican Communion, some Lutheran churches (see below), the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and Old Catholics and other Independent Catholics (those incorporating the term "Catholic"). The Anglican Communion (see below) and those Lutheran churches which claim apostolic succession do not specifically teach this but exclusively practice episcopal ordination. While some Anglicans claim it for their communion, their views are often nuanced and there is widespread reluctance to 'unchurch' Christian bodies which lack it.Ramsey, Arthur Michael.
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The theory that to be validly ordained, Anglican clergy must be ordained or consecrated by bishops whose own consecration can be traced to one of the Apostles has always been a minority position. Bradshaw sums up the position as follows: :... Hooker and the great weight of representative Anglican theology did not unchurch continental non- episcopal churches. Anglican ecclesiology does not, classically, hold the view that the church and sacramental grace depend upon the episcopal succession from the apostles.While many Anglicans hold that only a priest properly ordained by a bishop or a bishop consecrated by other bishops can perform valid sacramental actions (the exceptions are Baptism, which can be performed by a layperson in cases of emergency, and in some Provinces of the Anglican Communion, Matrimony, which can be performed by a deacon), many would also be cautious about applying the criterion to other churches.
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