1000 Sentences With "polyphony" | Random Sentence Generator

It's polyphony, but you, the listener, control what you hear.

Finally, a vigorous passage of sharp polyphony heralded the end.

Elsewhere, overdubbed exclamations produce vocal polyphony while the keyboards shine and flicker.

N.C. Avian polyphony, a true conference of the birds at first light.

"Polyphony", music of interweaving tunes and harmonies, is part of humankind's common heritage.

Pope John XXII (who canonised Aquinas) appeared to admit that he rather liked polyphony.

Such contrasts arise throughout: archaic choral polyphony and modernist whisperings, keening string clusters and plaintive drones.

Early-music programs will feature the Tallis Scholars, Stile Antico, Orlando Consort and New York Polyphony.

The three-part polyphony soon gave way to unison singing, and, after a while, to silence.

The film also demonstrates Reichert's skill as an interviewer, as she constructs a tightly edited, navigable polyphony.

After all, what you're listening to often gleams with the blended polyphony of a good-size band.

In a musical and dance performance, a multilingual cast explores the polyphony of Brooklyn through language and movement.

They are of particular interest because harmony, polyphony, and group performances are conspicuously absent from the Tsimane's music.

At factory shift changes, a polyphony of dialects from Central America, Africa and Myanmar floats through parking lots.

A window in the gallery overlooks 55th Street, but the constantly changing polyphony of "Rainforest" transports you quite elsewhere.

Despite this, polyphony gained a foothold in church music, and over time it became ever more ornate—even obscurantist.

Ms. Rafaeli's staging is a marvel of polyphony but leaves many moments visually murky or even hard to locate.

The luminous intricacy of the writing harks back to Renaissance polyphony even as it gazes toward a future paradise.

Mr. Perich describes "Interference Logic" as, for him, a rare exploration of "polyphony within each speaker," with additive signals.

"I have always been outside, and I've chosen to remain there," he said in a 1983 interview with Polyphony magazine.

It feels almost as if Polyphony Digital have surrendered in the fight against rivals like Forza and newcomers like Project CARS.

Last year "Angel's Bone," by Du Yun, included a punk aria nestled inside a score that blended Renaissance polyphony with electronica.

Episode 4: Polyphony Sense28 would make my life a lot easier if it got rid of its set-to-slow-music montages.

Also, this weekend, Miller's Early Music program presents New York Polyphony at the Church of St. Mary the Virgin (Saturday, 27800 p.m.).

There's also the addition of a 16-voice poly chain, which lets you combine multiple synthesizers for up to 22006 voice polyphony.

This is a film brimming with faces and voices, creating a polyphony of people telling us about, or simply living out, their lives.

The piece synthesizes searing episodes of modernist music with evocations of Hungarian folk song, Bulgarian dance, hints of Renaissance polyphony — you name it.

I imagined the sound of a countertenor rotating within polyphony sung by a female chorus — that was the starting point for the score.

But he's also doing interesting things with the sound: moving from a polyphony of recorded footfalls to what seems like a single track.

With the appearance of an organist juggling complex polyphony, he aims to match the high quality of studio recordings — only in real time.

Dutch label Dekmantel will release San Francisco producer Matrixxman's new EP in three sections: Sector I: Rhythm, Sector II: Acid and Sector III: Polyphony.

Two years after STCC's release, this would become a major selling point of Polyphony Digital's Gran Turismo, and it's a trend that continues today.

This new network is a polyphony, a digi-web of ostensibly plagiarized radical manifestos that nevertheless aim toward true freedom from government and corporate surveillance.

Fusing elements of Renaissance polyphony and Baroque counterpoint with the gauzy, layered chords of the French Impressionists, it is music of beauty, mystery and power.

Highlighting four themes in Klee's painting — nature, signs and symbols, pictorial writing, and polyphony — the exhibition connects individual Abstract Expressionists with different facets of Klee's work.

But Mr. Tao puts the exact amount of weight on his left hand to achieve a Bach-like implied polyphony that gives the piece deceptive complexity.

And its early music series will feature performance by the Tallis Scholars, Stile Antico, the Orlando Consort, New York Polyphony and Cappella Pratensis, a Dutch ensemble.

They joined the native Hawaiians and Caucasian descendants of missionaries and merchants to form the core of modern Hawaii, the source of its wondrous social polyphony.

Olio may feel unstable in its many parts, its polyphony of voices, and typographies and forms, but the arc of its moral universe bends toward justice.

Alternating between plainsong and polyphony, this sacred music transpires and transcends outside of time, where we find ourselves sharing the visceral comprehension of a common mortality.

"Polyphony was really developed in Europe in the middle ages, and it's a very European concept to sing and play together very complex works," Mr. Raes said.

The adaptation retains the novels' mosaic-like structure, with various chapters narrated by the large, rotating cast of characters; the plot emerges gradually through this polyphony of voices.

The Anglican polyphony of Byrd's time is nicely presented in Tallis's "If Ye Love Me", a setting of a passage from the Gospel of John, published in 1565.

Ligeti was inspired by Chopin, Liszt, Debussy, jazz and the complex polyphony of sub-Saharan African music while writing his series of rhythmically complicated and virtuosic character pieces.

Ideas that at first seem unconventional — polyphony, chromatic harmony, swing time — become conventions, only to be upended by unorthodox ideas of new kinds that then become orthodoxies themselves.

Although plainchant has a rhythm, it is mostly imperceptible; by contrast, the need for the different parts of the piece to stay connected means polyphony must have a beat.

We finally know when the next Gran Turismo game is going to roll out of Polyphony Digital's garage and rejoin the other multi-format racing franchises on the track.

If we fail to understand the polyphony of antiquity, then we also might be tempted to pick up a can of spray paint and begin daubing monuments with graffiti.

He was really a little retardataire,people were already giving up polyphony and going on to harmony, and to classicism, and leaving gorgeous baroque, which nobody should ever have left.

And don't worry, Gran Turismo fans; the company tells me that the new user interface is still designed by Polyphony Digital, the studio behind PlayStation's iconic series of racing simulators.

The "Orlando" score runs the gamut from Elizabethan vocal polyphony to post-punk assault; in later scenes, a drummer, a saxophonist, an electric guitarist, and a keyboardist are wheeled onstage.

She draws our attention to the "polychrome" mosaic of the Near East and the polyphony of the great Greek-speaking Roman city that lay at its heart, and rightly so.

To do so, 16 artists based in New York—the undisputed capital of the contemporary art world—were tasked with capturing lofty concepts of Greek civilisation such as "empathy" and "polyphony".

The rest of the text, often submerged in densely beautiful polyphony, mostly sounded indistinct during the performance by the Philadelphia choir the Crossing and the Prism Quartet, conducted by Donald Nally.

Monteverdi's writing in the "Vespers" is organized around a dazzling array of what, for him, were old and new forms: hymn, Gregorian chant, polyphony, operatic monody, arioso and embellished virtuoso singing.

The work of composer Du Yun ranges across musical genres, from medieval polyphony to punk, in a way that interweaves and juxtaposes the sacred and the profane without ever degrading to pastiche.

In the end my decisions always have a musical reason, like a counterpoint between what we see and hear, or a polyphony composed of the video, the movement, sound and the light.

He later sang at Westminster Choir College and wrote vocal works that put him in contact with the Grammy-nominated quartet New York Polyphony, which gave the mass's first performance in 2011.

And Ulysses Kay's symphonic work "Markings" gleefully tears through a succession of textures, in its opening minutes: exploding with some percussive polyphony, before settling into some droning tones and more brooding themes.

Her coos and sighs, plus whispery backup from many famous guest singers weaving the collective breathy tapestry, balloon to fill the music's blank spaces, turning an airy vocal style into airy polyphony.

It's a bit dry and bookish for my tastes, but at the same time I'm kind of speechless that Polyphony has the freedom to basically make iRacing for consoles with a bottomless budget.

Of course, you hope that you aren't, that you're the kind of person who appreciates the city for its polyphony of voices, unlike some other newcomers, but in the end it won't matter.

"It's a celebration of polyphony in Europe," said Jan Raes, managing director of the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, referring to the combination of several independent sounds or voices performed simultaneously in a single musical composition.

In addition, we offer two other opportunities: The Polyphony Lit Cover Art Contest: High school students from around the world are encouraged to submit visual art for the cover of their annual literary magazine.

The pianist and physicist Peter Pesic, whose fascinating book "Polyphonic Minds: Music of the Hemispheres" traces the role musical polyphony has played in man's understanding of the mind, made that point in an interview.

They investigated structured alternatives to standard song forms as well as the long, declamatory improvisations favored by New York City's jazz avant-garde, exploring dissonance, serialism and polyphony, 21967th-century concert music and non-Western idioms.

It feels like an ascetic practice, seeing through trial and error how much creativity you can put into the music within the restrictions of chiptune, such as its sound, polyphony, and the processing power of the CPU.

The ensuing polyphony — while less measured, more gloriously cacophonous — is reminiscent of Jon McGregor's recent "Reservoir 13," which was also set in an English village and also took up, through multiple perspectives, a search and its aftermath.

While Gran Turismo's developer Polyphony digital was obsessing over the details of super car interiors and delaying releases, Forza's developer Turn 10 kept releasing sequels, iterating, growing an audience, and even launching the more accessible offshoot Horizon series.

The figures he admired unflinchingly portrayed man's necessary struggle to become himself: Dostoevsky, with his mastery of a polyphony of contesting, God-questioning voices, and Dante, with his writhing bodies caught in good and evil, fire and whirlwinds.

This latest play, telling of three generations of women moving toward and away from depression and even madness, is more formally complex, consisting of a sort of dramatic polyphony that places its three central women side by side.

The ostensible excesses of Heiner Goebbels's production — crowding in serenely floating zeppelins, ballroom dancers and an eerie, poignant flock of sheep — felt right at home in Mr. Andriessen's extravagant imagination, in which boogie-woogie rubs elbows with antique polyphony.

There's more than one breath-stopping moment on "Presence," which Mr. Tyner begins and ends with passages of startling polyphony, freely improvising in gusts and riptides, flinging out lines at hyperspeed with only a distant correspondence to one another.

With its eight-voice polyphony and five-inch floppy drive storage capabilities, the sampler played a foundational role in the aesthetic constraints of the album's composition, building tracks from the ground up around cued synth lines and clipped vocal samples.

"As we approach our planned release date in November, we realize we need more time to perfect GT Sport, which we've already dedicated so much effort towards since announcing the title," explained Kazunori Yamauchi, founder of GT studio Polyphony Digital.

The implied polyphony here recalls Bach — specifically the Andante from his Violin Sonata No. 2 — but, like much of the soundtrack, it suggests the Baroque (and, at other moments, jazz and Romantic styles) while staying firmly in Mr. Greenwood's idiosyncratic voice.

Her scores use interwoven gestures that simultaneously evoke tradition and modernity — one piece depicts the frenetic pace of Tinder while quoting Wagner's "Tristan und Isolde" — and recall the tonal language of her native China, creating a rich polyphony of musical conversations.

Amid such conflict, in my work with patients and in my writing, I do my best to explore contradictions, look for specifics amid abstractions, search for syntheses and, in the face of real uncertainty, advocate for polyphony, a multiplicity of explanatory perspectives.

It's one of thirty-one works in which the Austrian composer distilled his musical inheritance—an odd combination of post-Wagnerian Romanticism and medieval polyphony—into a bracing new style of crystalline compression that exerted a towering influence over modern composition after the Second World War.

Four computers were set up to crunch the data from Scheuermann's brain, which could be depicted on the monitors as a grid of waveforms, each one representing a millisecond's worth of electrical activity from a neuron—the choral polyphony of cognition, divided into a collection of solo voices.

Her work is rooted in the radical musical languages that surfaced after the Second World War: the frenzied gestures of Iannis Xenakis, the visceral timbres of Helmut Lachenmann, the elemental textures of Giacinto Scelsi, and the hyper-dense polyphony of Brian Ferneyhough, who was one of Czernowin's teachers.

After nearly half an hour, a chattering and dryly abrasive passage of electronic polyphony overtook the violins, eventually vibrating throughout the cavernous room: Fans of Mr. Perich's more intense sonic explorations might have felt like raising devil-horn hands at this decidedly metal moment — with apologies to the cathedral.

" The music "seemed to stir in me a vague memory, something that might have come from a dream," Mr. Sarno wrote in a memoir, "Song From the Forest" (1993), "voices blending into a subtle polyphony, weaving a melody that rose and fell in endless repetition, as hypnotic as waves breaking on a shore.

So yes, the exhibition is a meditation on time, but also a paradigm of historical time, highlighting the need to historicize artistic practices differently, apart from the grand narrative of Europe, in order to present both the modern and the contemporary (undistinguishable in this case) as a polyphony of voices rather than a historiography.

But this 52-year-old Chicago-based organization — whose members coined the term "Great Black Music" — aims to define African-American art music as a rapidly evolving tradition, broad enough to encompass freely improvised polyphony; European as well as African instrumentation; a deeply resonant but utterly unpredictable approach to percussion; and a sense of fracture and distance, wrapped up inside beauty.

Ermonela Jaho recalls with affectionate amusement the paranoid, isolationist atmosphere in which she grew up: with one television channel and one state-approved comedian (Norman Wisdom, a Londoner); with baby boys being named Adriatik after the sea they had to cross to make their fortune; with hundreds of thousands of pill-box bomb-shelters studding the landscape; but also with a heady form of polyphony which has been sung at village weddings since antiquity.

I become acutely aware that anything I gobble—Cornish cuttlefish at Alain Ducasse or a half-eaten McRib from the dumpster—will peristaltically boogie through the digestive tract's 30 feet (longer than the world record long jump), and thanks to the valves of Houston, the puborectalis, and scores of other muscles and glands in exquisite polyphony, emerge on the other end to be purified through invisible miles of pipes and cauldrons and transform into fertilizer for happy grub to gobble.

Polyphony is a property of musical instruments that means that they can play multiple independent melody lines simultaneously. Instruments featuring polyphony are said to be polyphonic. Instruments that are not capable of polyphony are monophonic or paraphonic.

However, polyphony decreases as more tones are used. For example, a 1-tone patch would have 64-note polyphony, a 2-tone patch would have 32-note polyphony, and a 4-tone patch would only have 16-note polyphony. Patches can only be stored in the User bank. All other banks are factory presets which cannot be overwritten.

Polyphony in the Republic of Georgia is arguably the oldest polyphony in the Christian world. Georgian polyphony is traditionally sung in three parts with strong dissonances, parallel fifths, and a unique tuning system based on perfect fifths. Georgian polyphonic singing has been proclaimed by UNESCO an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Polyphony plays a crucial role in Abkhazian traditional music.

Ostinato used in African music is a principal means of polyphony although other procedures for producing polyphony exist. Arom Simha states "music in the Central African Republic, regardless of the kind of polyphony or polyrhythm that is practiced, always involves the principle of ostinato with variations."Simha Arom, African Polyphony and Polyrhythm. Structure and Methodology (Préface de Györgi Ligeti), Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, published 2004 [1991].

The work is in five-part polyphony, which was considered undramatic at the time. Therefore, some writers emphasised that if Palestrina intended for these motets to be a single quasi-dramatic work then the textual content would not have been set to five-part polyphony. On the other hand, Palestrina was deeply rooted in traditional polyphony, questioning the value of that claim. Nevertheless, the polyphony itself forms an important element in the work - for example, in motet XIX, Palestrina makes use of polyphony to individualise the Lover.

In: Rusudan Tsurtsumua and Joseph Jordania (editors), Echoes from Georgia: Seventeen Arguments on Georgian Polyphony (collection of essays). New York: Nova Science, pp.177-194 Apart from these common techniques, there are also other, more complex forms of polyphony: pedal drone polyphony in Eastern Georgia, particularly in Kartli and Kakheti table songs (two highly embellished melodic lines develop rhythmically free on the background of pedal drone), and contrapuntal polyphony in Achara, Imereti, Samegrelo, and particularly in Guria (three and four part polyphony with highly individualized melodic lines in each part and the use of several polyphonic techniques). Western Georgian contrapuntal polyphony features the local variety of the yodel, known as krimanchuli.

This sculpture is one of two Polyphony sculptures made by Egon Weiner; Polyphony is a much larger version of Polyphony II. These bronze sculptures are made up of geometric shapes. Long poles and large triangles are intertwined in a maze-like piece coming from a central area in the base. Weiner ultimately created Polyphony to symbolize the rhythm and motion of a conductor’s baton as he directed his orchestra. The inscriptions on the sculpture are as follows: POLYPHONY BY EGON WEINER 1963 on the northeast corner of the circular platform and KRIA.

In: Rusudan Tsurtsumua and Joseph Jordania (editors), Echoes from Georgia: Seventeen Arguments on Georgian Polyphony (collection of essays). New York: Nova Science, pg 19-34 All regional styles of Georgian music have traditions of vocal a cappella polyphony, although in the most southern regions (Meskheti and Lazeti) only historical sources provide the information about the presence of vocal polyphony before the 20th century.Valerian Magradze. 2010. On the problem of Polyphony in Meskhetian Songs In: Rusudan Tsurtsumua and Joseph Jordania (editors), Echoes from Georgia: Seventeen Arguments on Georgian Polyphony (collection of essays).

Traditional (non-professional) polyphony has a wide, if uneven, distribution among the peoples of the world. Most polyphonic regions of the world are in sub-Saharan Africa, Europe and Oceania. It is believed that the origins of polyphony in traditional music vastly predate the emergence of polyphony in European professional music. Currently there are two contradictory approaches to the problem of the origins of vocal polyphony: the Cultural Model, and the Evolutionary Model.

According to the Cultural Model, the origins of polyphony are connected to the development of human musical culture; polyphony came as the natural development of the primordial monophonic singing; therefore polyphonic traditions are bound to gradually replace monophonic traditions.Bruno Nettl. Polyphony in North American Indian music. Musical Quarterly, 1961, 47:354–62 According to the Evolutionary Model, the origins of polyphonic singing are much deeper, and are connected to the earlier stages of human evolution; polyphony was an important part of a defence system of the hominids, and traditions of polyphony are gradually disappearing all over the world.

The Nord Lead featured four notes of polyphony. A later hardware upgrade increased the polyphony to twelve voices. The expansion also added PCMCIA card storage of patches and a drum map feature.

Georgia has been known among ethnomusicologists as the country with extremely rich traditions of vocal polyphony since the 1920s. Study of vocal polyphony has been one of the central issues for Georgian ethnomusicology from the second half of the 19th century. In 1972 Union of Composers of Soviet Union organized the conference dedicated to traditional polyphony in Georgia (this was the very first conference in the world, fully dedicated to traditional polyphony). The ongoing series of biannual conferences dedicated to the problems of traditional polyphony, with the wide participation of the experts from Soviet Union, Europe and America, were organized in 1984, 1986 and 1988.

Acoustic Piano sounds are stereo samples, which can be switched manually to "Mono Mode", and can be played at 40-note polyphony; electric piano samples are mono and can be played with 60-note polyphony.

The 'Chords' option activates polyphony, making chords ring out much clearer.

Estêvão de Brito (c. 15701641) was a Portuguese composer of polyphony.

Both Chechen and Ingush traditional music could be very much defined by their tradition of vocal polyphony. As in other North Caucasian musical cultures, Chechen and Ingush polyphony is based on a drone. Unlike most of the other North Caucasian polyphonic traditions (where two-part polyphony is the leading type), Chechen and Ingush polyphony is mostly three- part. Middle part, the carrier of the main melody of songs, is accompanied by the double drone, holding the interval of the fifth “around” the main melody.

New York: Nova Science, pp.125-134 Vocal polyphony based on ostinato formulas and rhythmic drone are widely distributed in all Georgian regional styles.Tamaz Gabisonia. 2010. Criteria for Determining the Types of Polyphony of Georgian Folk Songs.

Tbilisi: Academy of Sciences of Georgia and also were creating original chants.Mzia Iashvili. 1977. On the problem of Georgian polyphony. Tbilisi: Khelovneba It is widely accepted, that polyphony in Georgian church-singing came from the folk tradition.

His primary expertise is Georgian and Caucasian traditional music and vocal polyphony.

Over-all the figuration recedes in favour of a motet-like polyphony.

In 2003 the International Research Centre for Traditional Polyphony was established (director Rusudan Tsurtsumia). The tradition of biannual conferences and symposia started in Georgia in the 1980s. These symposia are drawing leading experts of traditional polyphony to Georgia.

Carnivalization helps generate the artistic phenomenon that Bakhtin felt was unique to Dostoevsky in literature: Polyphony. Analogous to musical polyphony, literary polyphony is the simultaneous presence of multiple independent voices, each with its own truth and validity, but always coincident with other voices, affecting them and being affected by them. Bakhtin defines it as "the event of interaction between autonomous and internally unfinalized consciousnesses".Bakhtin (1984). p.

Although the exact origins of polyphony in the Western church traditions are unknown, the treatises Musica enchiriadis and Scolica enchiriadis, both dating from c. 900, are usually considered the oldest extant written examples of polyphony. These treatises provided examples of two-voice note-against-note embellishments of chants using parallel octaves, fifths, and fourths. Rather than being fixed works, they indicated ways of improvising polyphony during performance.

Polyphony is a narrative technique used in many of his most famous novels.

Filipe de Magalhães (c. 1571-1652) was a Portuguese composer of sacred polyphony.

"Sources, MS, §VIII: Italian polyphony c1325–c1420." Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. 19 Jul.

They have a more elaborated polyphony that is easily recognizable by the typical countertenor voice.

Certain psalmodic chants also became subject to purely musical elaboration, whether through polyphony or kalophonia.

The International Research Center for Traditional Polyphony (IRCTP or Polyphonic Center) is an academic organization focused on the study of the phenomenon of traditional vocal polyphony. It is a part of Tbilisi Vano Sarajishvili State Conservatory. Establishment of IRCTP was announced during the First International Symposium of Traditional Polyphony in 2002, and it was logistically established by the order of the Rector of Tbilisi State Conservatory in February 2003. Its director is Rusudan Tsurtsumia.

Polyphony Digital is an internal Japanese first-party video game development studio of Sony Interactive Entertainment, operated under SIE Worldwide Studios, which in turn is owned by multinational conglomerate Sony. Originally a development group within Sony Computer Entertainment known as Polys Entertainment, after the success of Gran Turismo in Japan, they were granted greater autonomy and their name changed to Polyphony Digital. Polyphony currently has 5 studios in Japan, the Netherlands, and the United States.

These effects give great polyphony in the novel and they are a resource of great interest.

The GTI is featured in the Polyphony Digital games Gran Turismo 6 and Gran Turismo Sport.

Blending Latin and English, masses at the Proto-Cathedral feature Gregorian chant, English chant and polyphony.

Pau Villalonga (died Palma de Mallorca 29 March 1609) was a Spanish composer of sacred polyphony.

Also, as opposed to the species terminology of counterpoint, polyphony was generally either "pitch-against- pitch" / "point-against-point" or "sustained-pitch" in one part with melismas of varying lengths in another.Hendrik van der Werf (1997). "Early Western polyphony", Companion to Medieval & Renaissance Music. Oxford University Press. .

The Chroma has sixteen synthesizer "channels" each consisting of one oscillator, waveshaper, filter and amplifier. Sound programs can use one channel per voice to produce sixteen voice polyphony. However, most sound programs use two channels per voice which delivers a fatter sound, but reduces the polyphony to eight voices.

GM2 maintains backward compatibility with GM, but increases polyphony to 32 voices, standardizes several controller numbers such as for sostenuto and soft pedal (una corda), RPNs and Universal System Exclusive Messages, and incorporates the MIDI Tuning Standard."About General MIDI ". midi.org. MIDI Manufacturers Association. n.d. Web. 17 August 2012 GM2 is the basis of the instrument selection mechanism in Scalable Polyphony MIDI (SP-MIDI), a MIDI variant for low power devices that allows the device's polyphony to scale according to its processing power.

Stephen Layton with Polyphony;Hyperion 67929, 2015. and Marin Alsop with the São Paulo Symphony Orchestra.Naxos 8559742, 2015.

Polyphony: The Bulletin of the Multicultural History Society of Ontario. Volume 15, 2000. Start p. 46. CITED: p.

Both styles are based on similar principles, particularly the "simple mood" of singing, but in some western Georgian church-singing styles (particularly in so-called "Shemokmedi school") the polyphonic mastery and the use of sharp dissonances reaches its climax.David Shugliashvili. 2000. On polyphony of Georgian Hymns. In Problems of folk polyphony.

Besides polyphonic playing, Mono (normal or Legato) mode can be chosen, and a very flexible Unison facility is on board too. Since Unison use 3 notes polyphony for each played note, the Unison mode reduce the polyphony to 4 notes. Internal organisation Patches can be stored in 512 memory locations.

Diogo Dias Melgás (often Melgaz) (Cuba (Portugal), 1638 - Évora, 1700) was a Portuguese composer of late-Renaissance sacred polyphony.

He was an Utraquist and a favourite author of the times. His works represent late 16th century Utraquist polyphony.

The AMG Vision Gran Turismo is featured in the Polyphony Digital games Gran Turismo 6 and Gran Turismo Sport.

The following conference (scheduled in 1990) was initially postponed and later canceled due to the political instability in post-soviet Georgia. The series of biannual conferences on traditional polyphony were revived in 1998 and 2000, leading to the organizing of the First International Symposium on Traditional Polyphony in 2002. The first symposium was preceded by proclamation of Georgian traditional polyphony among the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO in 2001. Representative of UNESCO attended the symposium, providing support of UNESCO.

Polyphony is present in all genres where the social environment provides more than one singer to support the melodic line. The ethnomusicologist Izaly Zemtsovsky reported witnessing an example of such an incident, in which an Abkhazian dozing at a bus stop started singing a drone to support a singer unknown to him. Abkhazian two and three-part polyphony is based on a drone (sometimes a double drone). Two part drone songs are considered by Abkhazian and Georgian scholars the most important indigenous style of Abkhazian polyphony.

Georgian folk music is predominantly vocal and is widely known for its rich traditions of vocal polyphony. It is widely accepted in contemporary musicology that polyphony in Georgian music predates the introduction of Christianity in Georgia (beginning of the 4th century AD).Ivane Javakhishvili. 2010. The views and theories of Georgian authors.

An additional innovation is "the unique kind of rhythmic polyphony which arises from the gradual transformation/assimilation of rhythmic models" .

The Huelgas Ensemble, a Belgian group specialising in polyphony, takes its name from the codex. It was founded in 1971.

On the other hand, vocal polyphony is achieved in different ways: Bashkirs hum a basic pitch while playing solo flute.

Discant, or descant (descant), (, meaning "singing apart") originated as a style of liturgical setting in the Middle Ages, associated with the development of the Notre Dame school of polyphony. In origin, it is a style of organum that either includes a plainchant tenor part (usually on a melisma in the chant) or is used without a plainchant basis in conductus, in either case with a "note against note" upper voice, moving in contrary motion. It is not a musical form, but rather a technique. The term continued to be used down to modern times with changing senses, at first for polyphony in general, then to differentiate a subcategory of polyphony (either in contrast to organum, or for improvised as distinct from written polyphony).

The peoples of New Guinea Highlands including the Moni, Dani, and Yali use vocal polyphony, as do the people of Manus Island. Many of these styles are drone-based or feature close, secondal harmonies dissonant to western ears. Guadalcanal and the Solomon Islands are host to instrumental polyphony, in the form of bamboo panpipe ensembles.

The polyphony of Christian a cappella music began to develop in Europe around the late 15th century AD, with compositions by Josquin des Prez. The early a cappella polyphonies may have had an accompanying instrument, although this instrument would merely double the singers' parts and was not independent. By the 16th century, a cappella polyphony had further developed, but gradually, the cantata began to take the place of a cappella forms. 16th century a cappella polyphony, nonetheless, continued to influence church composers throughout this period and to the present day.

The rhythmic modes of Notre Dame Polyphony were the first coherent system of rhythmic notation developed in Western music since antiquity.

They observe that a polyphony rather than cacophony of definitions and attitudes defined how work and workers were valorized and devalorized.

Berlin: Lautabt, Leipzig: Harrassowitz where he proposed that Georgian polyphony possibly contributed to the emergence of European professional polyphony (this idea was developed by Marius Schneider for several decadesMarius Schneider. 1940. 1940. Kaukasische parallelen zur europaisch mittelalterlichen Mehrstimmigkeit. Acta Musicologica, 12:52-61). Russian musicians Ipolitov-Ivanov and Klenovsky also contributed to the early study of Georgian folk music.

Hudson, Grove online Brumel's Missa pro defunctis for four voices, a late work, is notable for being the first polyphonic requiem setting to include the Dies Irae. Brumel's setting uses alternatim polyphony (sections of plainchant alternate with sections in polyphony). In addition, this is one of the earliest polyphonic requiems to survive: only Johannes Ockeghem's Requiem is earlier.

Sheppard's mass includes a Kyrie (unlike most Sarum Mass cycles) and is an alternatim setting with alternating sections of chant and polyphony.

Replicates the original monophonic synth but now has 32 voice polyphony. Complete with patch cables. Each knob can be controlled via MIDI.

Rather, it points to a more complex realm of understanding in which meaning exists in the polymorphy and polyphony of multiple perspectives.

Friedrich Ludwig belonged to the school of thought among cultural historians that did not ascribe to the Romantic view that Baroque Polyphony was the only type of polyphony of highest worth; rather, he sought to explore its historical development and evolution, leading to a critical reassessment of earlier music. These researches have made the practice and theory of music of the Middle Ages accessible. His research area was music before Palestrina-style polyphony; namely, the Ars Antiqua, Ars Nova, and the polyphony of the Franco- Flemish school. As a historian, Ludwig was already familiar with the cultural unity of Europe in the Late Middle Ages, and he approached it through the narrative and source-based methodology of Leopold von Ranke, of whom Ludwig's teacher Bresslau was a disciple.

Williamson, Magnus, ed. John Sheppard: III: Hymns, Psalms, Antiphons, and other Latin Polyphony. London: Stainer & Bell, 2012. Print. Early English Church Music. 54.

A group of international expert- ethnomusicologists, including Simha Arom from France, Dieter Christensen from the United States, Franz Fodermayr from Austria, Polo Vallejo from Spain, had been participating in virtually every symposia, together with ethnomusicologists from different countries (including experts from China, Japan, Australia, Canada, eastern and western Europe, Turkey, Egypt. The general program of the symposia is stable and contains twelve themes, covering wide range of research topics, including problems of vocal and instrumental polyphony, folk and church music, regional styles, elements of musical language, social and gender aspects, history, links with popular musical styles. Participating scholars are traditionally provided by the hosts with hotel accommodation, internal transport and food during the Symposium. In 2010 for the first time a special theme was added (vocal polyphony is Asia). 2012 symposium (September 24–29) had the special theme comparative research in traditional polyphony, 2014 Symposium main theme was Polyphony in Minority Music (September 22–26, 2014), and 2016 symposium was dedicated to the geographic dynamics of traditional polyphony (September 26 - October 1, 2016).

In 1984 he was instrumental in organizing the conference "Problems of Folk Polyphony". This conference became the beginning of the series of biannual international conferences (1984, 1986, 1988, 1998, 2000) and symposia (2002, 2004, 2006, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018) on traditional polyphony, and led to establishing the International Research Centre for Traditional Polyphony at Tbilisi State Conservatory in 2003. In 2009, in recognition of "his contribution to systematic analysis of folk polyphonies of the world, proposing a new model for the origins of traditional choral singing in a broad context of human evolution" Jordania was awarded the Fumio Koizumi Prize for ethnomusicology.

Little is known about the introduction of polyphony in Portugal. Polyphony was used in nearby places, such as Santiago de Compostela in Galicia (Spain), and it was imported to Portugal in well-developed stage. Jehan Simon de Haspre was a well-known composer and defender of the ars subtilior, and helped popularize polyphony while in the court of Fernando I of Portugal. The main centers for Portuguese musical development during this period was the royal chapel, the monasteries (Santa Cruz Monastery in Coimbra and the Alcobaça Monastery), royal court, cathedrals (specially the Cathedral of Évora) and the University.

Harmonic ocarinas are specifically designed for polyphony, and in these instruments the range of the chambers usually overlap to some extent (typically at the unison, third, fourth, fifth, seventh or octave). Cross-fingering enables a single chamber to span an entire octave or more. Recorders can also be doubled for polyphony. There are two types of double recorder; drone and polyphonic.

This point-against-point conception is opposed to "successive composition", where voices were written in an order with each new voice fitting into the whole so far constructed, which was previously assumed. The term polyphony is also sometimes used more broadly, to describe any musical texture that is not monophonic. Such a perspective considers homophony as a sub-type of polyphony.

The initial models were 21-voice polyphony, and in latter models of the VFX-SD (I/II) and the SD-1, the polyphony was 32. Ensoniq VFX-SD and Michael Allen Harrison There were many features that caused this synth line to be popular. Some of these were: #The sound of the synth itself. #The performance capabilities for live use.

He composed in a late romantical style, relying on the Baroque polyphony. Andreis, Josip. Povijest glazbe, Zagreb: SNL, 1989, Vol. 4, p. 298-299.

As a designation of an historical period, the term has become less convincing as polyphony increasingly reasserted its dominance over harmony in 20th-century music .

A composer of solely sacred music, Cannicciari was a representative of the Roman School of music and successor of the style of sacred polyphony of Horace benevolent. He was the author of numerous church works, including some pastoral masses, which occasionally have instrumental accompaniment for voices, but he preferred to devote himself to the production of masses and psalms and polyphony, demonstrating skill in counterpoint.

Russolo compares the evolution of music to the multiplication of machinery, pointing out that our once desolate sound environment has become increasingly filled with the noise of machines, encouraging musicians to create a more "complicated polyphony" in order to provoke emotion and stir our sensibilities. He notes that music has been developing towards a more complicated polyphony by seeking greater variety in timbres and tone colors.

It had 8-voice polyphony (paraphony) with one DCO per voice. It could be switched into double mode which stacks two DCOs for a fuller sound, but reduces the polyphony to 4 voices. It featured one analog resonant low-pass VCF with 24 dB/oct which was shared for all voices. Like a monophonic synthesizer, the filter was switchable between single or multiple modes.

The Gallic music of the churches of Gaul was replaced by the plain songs traced to Rome. In the late 12th century, a school of polyphony was established at Notre-Dame. A group of Parisian aristocrats, known as trouvères, became known for their poetry and songs. Choral polyphony is a musical genre which was introduced in the 15th century in the Western church music culture.

A major recording milestone was the 10-CD collection of Flemish polyphony produced for Davidsfonds to accompany the book Flemish Polyphony by musicologist Ignace Bossuyt.Arts and society in Flanders and The Low Countries Volume 13 - Page 294 Stichting Ons Erfdeel 1995De Vlaamse polyfonie. Leuven: Davidsfonds, 1994. 174 p He was director of the research project Sound of the cathedral into acoustics and performance space conflicts.

The genre of choral concertos developed out of the ban on the use of instruments, the rise of polyphony as the premiere form of vocal music, the near-demise of traditional chant, and the demands by the Imperial Russian court for "high art" in sacred music. Blending popular spiritual songs with elements from Western Classical music, polyphony became a unique form with "no substitute or alternative". While it evolved in Russia, due to the presence of Italian (Manfredini, Galuppi) as well as Italian-trained Ukrainian (Berezovsky, Bortniansky, Vedel) court composers, polyphony and the choral concerto have also been called "entirely Western... at odds with the character of previous Russian music".

Georgian folk singers Georgia has an ancient musical tradition, which is primarily known for its early development of polyphony. Georgian polyphony is based on three vocal parts, a unique tuning system based on perfect fifths, and a harmonic structure rich in parallel fifths and dissonances. Three types of polyphony have developed in Georgia: a complex version in Svaneti, a dialogue over a bass background in the Kakheti region, and a three-part partially-improvised version in western Georgia. The Georgian folk song "Chakrulo" was one of 27 musical compositions included on the Voyager Golden Records that were sent into space on Voyager 2 on 20 August 1977.

A bar from J.S. Bach's "Fugue No.17 in A flat", BWV 862, from Das Wohltemperierte Clavier (Part I), a famous example of contrapuntal polyphony. Polyphony is a type of musical texture consisting of two or more simultaneous lines of independent melody, as opposed to a musical texture with just one voice, monophony, or a texture with one dominant melodic voice accompanied by chords, homophony. Within the context of the Western musical tradition, the term polyphony is usually used to refer to music of the late Middle Ages and Renaissance. Baroque forms such as fugue, which might be called polyphonic, are usually described instead as contrapuntal.

Launeddas are an Italian instrument, native to Sardinia that has both a drone pipe and two pipes capable of polyphony, for a total of three pipes.

In 1917 Manojlović studied at Oxford University, where he gained an appreciation for old vocal polyphony, graduating in 1919 with his work On the Rivers of Babylon.

Iverson 2009, 92. Ligeti's music appears to have been subsequently influenced by his electronic experiments, and many of the sounds he created resembled electronic textures. Ligeti coined the term "micropolyphony" to describe the texture of the second movement of Apparitions (1958–59) and Atmosphères (1961). This texture is a similar to that of polyphony, except that the polyphony is obscured in a dense and rich stack of pitches.

New York Polyphony tours extensively throughout the United States and Europe. They have participated in major international festivals and concert series, including the Miller Theatre Music Series at Columbia University; Rheingau Musik Festival, Thüringer Bachwochen (Germany); Festival Oude Muziek Utrecht (Netherlands); Stiftskonzerte Oberösterreich (Austria); Festival de Música de Morelia (Mexico); Elora Festival (Canada); and Choral at Cadogan Hall in London. Since 2011, New York Polyphony has recorded for BIS Records.

He moved to Northwestern University in 1973, where he was dean of the department until 1988 and a professor until his retirement in 1996. Besides trouvère monophony, Karp wrote articles on the polyphony of the schools of Saint Martial, Santiago de Compostela, and Notre Dame. He proposed new methods for the transcription of polyphony from the manuscripts. In more recent research Karp studied the application of computers to his field.

Tenet frequently collaborates with other early music ensembles across the country, including Blue Heron, Dark Horse Consort, The Sebastians, New York Polyphony, Five Boroughs Music Festival, and others.

Polyphony is a public artwork by Austrian artist Egon WeinerPolyphony., Marina City Online. located on the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee campus, which is in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States.

C. Mackenzie. and the influence of traditional Asian and other world musics may be traced back to Cowell.Yang, Mina (2008). California Polyphony: Ethnic Voices, Musical Crossroads, p.34. .

The director of Polyphony, Stephen Layton founded the choir in 1986 and has directed it since. He is also the director of the choir of Trinity College, Cambridge.

Being completely absent in Toskëria, Myzeqeja, and Chamëria, the four-voiced polyphony exists only in Labëria, where it is found along with the more common three-voiced style.

Is 8 part multi-timbral and features up to 256 notes of polyphony. Contains all 19 optional ROM cards, and the full sound set of the T Series.

Since 1994 she has served as a supervisor of the record library at the Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis School of Arts, and has taught music analysis, orchestration, polyphony and composition.

Similarities between Omega Boost and Sega's Panzer Dragoon series led to a rumor that former members of Team Andromeda, dissolved in 1998, had joined Polyphony Digital. This rumor turned out to be true as the lead designer and programmer on Omega Boost was Yuji Yasuhara, who had worked on Panzer Dragoon Zwei. Among the games created by Polyphony Digital, Omega Boost was the only shoot 'em up, while the others are vehicle racing simulators.

The saviour-myth was first spread by an account by Aggazzari and Banchieri in 1609 who said that Pope Marcellus was trying to replace all polyphony with plainsong.Davey, p 52. Palestrina's "Missa Papae Marcelli" was, though, in 1564, after the 22nd session, performed for the Pope while reforms were being considered for the Sistine Choir. The Pope Marcellus Mass, in short, was not important in its own day and did not help save Church polyphony.

Cambridge University Press. Haar, James and Nádas, John (2008). "The Medici, the Signoria, the pope: sacred polyphony in Florence, 1432-1448", pp 80–81. Recercare, Vol. 20, No. 1/2.

The tone generation module of the S30/S80 utilizes Yamaha's Advanced Wave Memory 2 algorithm (AWM2), providing 256 built-in voices and eight drum kits with a polyphony of 64 voices.

Arnott Maxwell Fernie (25 April 191022 May 1999) was a New Zealand organist, teacher and conductor. He was an authority on Gregorian chant, sixteenth century polyphony, organ construction and tonal design.

The recording studio and the Taiwanese group filed a suit for copyright infringement, which was later settled by Enigma out of court. Ami singing is known for its complex contrapuntal polyphony.

Music also holds a supereminent position in the classical liturgy: Gregorian chant and sacred polyphony have developed in the course of the centuries in order to serve and to embellish it.

The CZ-101 and CZ-1000 has eight digital oscillators, each with a dedicated 8-stage pitch envelope. For patches using one oscillator per voice, this allows 8-note polyphony, If two oscillators per voice are used, the polyphony is limited to four voices. The CZ-3000, CZ-5000, and CZ-1 had sixteen digital oscillators, making them sixteen- or eight-voice synthesizers. Each of the oscillators in a two- oscillator patch could be independently programmed.

This specific type of Albanian folk music is proclaimed by UNESCO as a "Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity". Chams sing a different type, called the cham iso-polyphony. Although they border with Lab Albanians, their iso-polyphony is influenced more by the Tosk type. The song of Çelo Mezani, a polyphonic folk song narrating and lamenting the death of Cham Albanian revolutionary Çelo Mezani is considered to be the best-known Cham Albanian song.

In 2002, Fraser co- founded the vocal group EXAUDI with James Weeks and was Executive Director of the group until 2014. She remains one of the core members. She was a member of the soloists of Collegium Vocale Gent from 2007-2012, performing and recording Renaissance polyphony by Orlande de Lassus, Tomas Luis de Victoria, Carlo Gesualdo and William Byrd. She also sang with British choirs such as Polyphony, Tenebrae, the Monteverdi Choir and BBC Singers.

The singing of organa fell into disuse by the mid thirteenth century. Associated with the Notre Dame school, was Johannes de Garlandia, whose De mensurabili provided a theoretical basis, for Notre Dame polyphony is essentially musica mensurabilis, music that is measured in time. In his treatise, he defines three forms of polyphony, organum in speciali, copula, and discant, which are defined by the relationship of the voices to each other and by the rhythmic flow of each voice.

See the reconstructions of the Winchester Troper organa by Susan Rankin, and those of the French organa by Wulf Arlt (Rankin 1993). The earliest polyphony developed in a rather secular context and Cluny played a prominent role in it. What was exactly the role of the Abbey of Saint Martial for a school of anonymous cantors associated with Aquitanian polyphony? The earliest evidence can be found in an older Troper-Proser with libellum structure (F-Pn lat. 1120).

New York Polyphony made their television debut in December 2011 on The Martha Stewart Show. The group comprises countertenor Geoffrey Williams, tenor Steven Caldicott Wilson, baritone Christopher Herbert and bass Craig Phillips.

However the theoretical advances, particularly in regard to rhythm—the timing of notes—and polyphony—using multiple, interweaving melodies at the same time—are equally important to the development of Western music.

Russian and Western influences brought about the introduction of polyphony in religious music in the 18th century, a genre developed by a series of Romanian composers in the 19th and 20th centuries.

Corcoran, Gregory. "Preparing for the Future at Quarr Abbey", WMF Journal, 21 May 2013 In July 2013, the Abbey hosted a Chant Forum, a five-day course on early polyphony and Gregorian Chant.

The choir repeats the first line of the text on the same motif as in the beginning, but in more elaborate polyphony in four parts, concluded by an uplifting Amen in B major.

The polyphonic song of Epirus is a form of traditional folk polyphony practiced among Albanians, Aromanians, Greeks and Macedonians in southern Albania and northwestern Greece.Bart Plantenga. Yodel-ay-ee-oooo. Routledge, 2004. , p.

Part singing is when two or more voices sing different notes. Homophony is when choir members sing different pitches but with the same rhythm. Polyphony is when the chorus sings multiple independent melodies.

Another interesting feature lies in its intrinsic "polyphony" approach: each set of pipes can be played simultaneously with others, and the sounds mixed and interspersed in the environment, not in the instrument itself.

Originally the sculpture was placed at the west entrance to the music building, but years later the sculpture was moved due to the growing number of students on campus. The Fine Arts-Music building needed additions for the art department and an auditorium therefore Polyphony was moved into storage. After the construction was finished Polyphony was moved to its current location on a grassy knoll at the corner of East Kenwood Boulevard and North Maryland Avenue, next to the Student Union.

Russian scholar Steshenko-Kuftina contributed a highly revered monograph on Georgian panpipe. After the fall of the Soviet Union a number of Western Scholars started working on Georgian folk music, mostly on different aspects the traditional polyphony. Among them are Carl Linich, Stuart Gelzer, Susanne Ziegler, Simha Arom, Polo Vallejo, John A. Graham, Lauren Ninoshvili, Caroline Bithell, and Andrea Kuzmich. In the 21st century Georgia has become one of the international centers of the study of the phenomenon of traditional polyphony.

Benham, p.198 In a few settings, for All Saints' Day, Christmas and Lent, he employs the reverse procedure, providing polyphony for the soloists' sections of the chant, but leaving the choral section of the responsory to be sung to plainsong (e.g. In pace in idipsum). Like Tallis, Sheppard also composed 'alternatim' hymns, setting the even-numbered verses in polyphony and leaving the odd-numbered verses to be chanted or, more probably, replaced by (perhaps improvised) organ settings of the chant.

Grupi Argjiro, a male vocal ensemble from Gjirokastër, performing the Albanian iso-polyphony. Pleqërishte is a genre of Albanian folk iso-polyphony sung by men in Labëria and is principally identified with the city of Gjirokastër and its environs. The genre is characterized by a slow tempo, low pitch and small range. Pleqërishte means both "of old men" and "of the old time" in reference to the mode of singing and the lyrical themes of part of their songs respectively.

The crises regarding polyphony and intelligibility of the text and the threat that polyphony was to be removed completely, which was assumed to be coming from the council, has a very dramatic legend of resolution. The legend goes that Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (c. 1525/26–1594), a Church musician and choirmaster in Rome, wrote a Mass for the council delegates in order to demonstrate that a polyphonic composition could set the text in such a way that the words could be clearly understood and that was still pleasing to the ear. Palestrina's Missa Papae Marcelli (Mass for Pope Marcellus) was performed before the council and received such a welcoming reception among the delegates that they completely changed their minds and allowed polyphony to stay in use in the musical liturgy.

In its original conception, organum was never intended as polyphony in the modern sense; the added voice was intended as a reinforcement or harmonic enhancement of the plainchant at occasions of High Feasts of importance to further the splendour of the liturgy. The analogue evolution of sacred architecture and music is evident: during previous centuries monophonic Mass was celebrated in Abbatial churches, in the course of the 12th and 13th centuries the newly consecrated cathedrals resounded with ever more complex forms of polyphony. Exactly what developments took place where and when in the evolution of polyphony is not always clear, though some landmarks remain visible in the treatises. As in these instances, it is hard to evaluate the relative importance of treatises, whether they describe the 'actual' practice or a deviation of it.

Springfield has new bishop January 25, 2008 He also supports the use of Gregorian chant and polyphony. He has cited Dolly Parton, Chet Atkins, and Alan Jackson as some of his favorite musical artists.

The original version of "Dirty" is almost a minute longer, at 11:14. The remastered version cuts a coda that contained a sample from "Dolls' Polyphony" from the soundtrack to the anime film Akira.

While the Maasai people traditionally sing with drone polyphony, other East African groups use more elaborate techniques. The Dorze people, for example, sing with as many as six parts, and the Wagogo use counterpoint.

Although few are recorded, the use of rotas seems to have been widespread in England and it has been suggested that the English talent for polyphony may have its origins in this form of music.

It appears that the Codex Calixtinus (12th century) contains the earliest extant decipherable part music.Van der Werf, Hendrik (1993). The Oldest Extant Part Music and the Origin of Western Polyphony, p.vii. H. van der Werf.

Although few are recorded, the use of rotas seems to have been widespread in England and it has been suggested that the English talent for polyphony may have its origins in this form of music.

From the 1330s and onwards, emerged the polyphonic style, which was a more complex fusion of independent voices.Wilson, pp. 229, 289–90, 327. Polyphony had been common in the secular music of the Provençal troubadours.

The closing chorale, "" (Although it appears that He does not will it), is set for four parts. While Bach's closing chorales are often in simple homophony, the lower voices are set here in unusual polyphony.

When breathing out the head is leaned forward. The head is tilted back for an inward breath. Overall the effect is one of polyphonic syncopation. Unlike most other African tribes, Maasai widely use drone polyphony.

The introduction of the drone was a significant artistic achievement because it brought the diversification and the enrichment of the harmonic interplay between melodic lines. The drone is very common in today's Albanian polyphonic tradition, and it is rare to find varieties without it nowadays. The last melodic line to evolve into Albanian traditional polyphony was the launcher, which gave rise to the four-voiced polyphony. The introduction of the launcher marked an increasing artistic sophistication, however it did not essentially change the vocal harmony and interplay.

Minor update of fourth generation is introduced in 2015, with some models included color touchscreen and improved built-in speaker system, as well as updated various features with few models has up to 256-note polyphony.

In Diapason magazine (2008), Alain Lompech wrote: An exemplary recording career. A splendid Chopin recital: broad, singing, coppery sound, deep basses, a rare sense of polyphony and rubato. He seems to invent music as it advances...

Homophony as a term first appeared in English with Charles Burney in 1776, emphasizing the concord of harmonized melody.Todd Michel McComb, ed. "What is monophony, polyphony, homophony, monody etc.?" Early Music FAQ (accessed May 19, 2009).

His research interests included medieval English and French polyphony. Anonymous 4 member Susan Hellauer credited Sanders with inspiring much of the group's early work. He died aged 99 on 13 January 2018, at home in New York.

She was later sent to study in Belgium, and after that in Dijon, where her French professors disparaged her "antediluvian" English. It was around this time that she started lecturing in Paris on Gregorian chant and polyphony.

Godt, Irving. "A New Look at Palestrina's Missa Papae Marcelli". College Music Symposium 23 (1) (Spring, 1983), pp. 22–49. (subscription required) The Kyrie consists of imitative polyphony in Palestrina's earlier style, based on the main motif.

The plot is developed in a very innovative way. Each chapter is a theme or an image that is addressed by the polyphony of the thoughts and experience of the seven characters in a surprising choral structure.

He extended this serial "polyphony of styles" in a series of "process-plan" works in the late 1960s, as well as later in portions of Licht, the cycle of seven operas he composed between 1977 and 2003 .

Multitimbrality is distinct from polyphony, which is the number of notes which can be played at the same time, not the number of different timbres. All multitimbral instruments are polyphonic, but not all polyphonic instruments are multitimbral.

He spent most of his career in the city. Palestrina came of age as a musician under the influence of the northern European style of polyphony, which owed its dominance in Italy primarily to two influential Netherlandish composers, Guillaume Dufay and Josquin des Prez, who had spent significant portions of their careers there. Italy itself had yet to produce anyone of comparable fame or skill in polyphony. From 1544 to 1551, Palestrina was the organist of the Cathedral of St. Agapito, the principal church of his native city.

Italy, being one of Catholicism's seminal nations, has a long history of music for the Roman Catholic Church. Until approximately 1800, it was possible to hear Gregorian Chant and Renaissance polyphony, such as the music of Palestrina, Lassus, Anerio, and others. Approximately 1800 to approximately 1900 was a century during which a more popular, operatic, and entertaining type of church music was heard, to the exclusion of the aforementioned chant and polyphony. In the late 19th century, the Cecilian Movement was started by musicians who fought to restore this music.

The Polyphonic Era is a term used since the mid-19th century to designate an historical period in which harmony in music is subordinate to polyphony . It generally refers to the period from the 13th to the 16th century . Most notated music consisted of the simultaneous flow of several different melodies, all independent and equally important, or polyphony. Usually made of four or five different choral parts, the music was originally for unaccompanied voices and was used mostly in the mass and motet of church music and the madrigal in secular music.

It is believed that this choir of women performed the polyphonic works in the manuscript, despite Cistercian rules against the performance of polyphonic music.Women in Music Two-part polyphony appears to have been considered legitimate. In 1217, the General Chapter complained about two English abbeys which were said to sing in three or four parts in the manner of non-monastic churches; the implication is that two-part polyphony was then acceptable, and the manuscript contains two- part solfège exercises with notations on their use in the convent. However, there are also three-part pieces.

"" (a) is expressed in free polyphony embedded in the instrumental music, then repeated together with "" (b) in free polyphony with canonic imitation on two themes, with the instruments playing mostly colla parte, then a and b are repeated within a part of the sinfonia, which is continued instrumentally. In the following second section, "" (c) is the theme of a choral fugue, "" (d) is the countersubject. The instruments play colla parte first, then add motifs from the sinfonia. In the third concluding section the complete text is repeated within a part of the sinfonia.

The idea that the council called to remove all polyphony from the Church is widespread, but there is no documentary evidence to support that claim. It is possible, however, that some of the Fathers had proposed such a measure.Manzetti. 331. The emperor Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor has been attributed to be the "saviour of Church music" because he said polyphony ought not to be driven out of the Church. But Ferdinand was most likely an alarmist and read into the council the possibility of a total ban on polyphony.Monson. 16.

A cappella (, also , ; ) (sometimes spelled "a capella" from Latin) music is group or solo performance without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. The term a cappella was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century, a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve.

This final kind of organum was also incorporated by the most famous polyphonic composer of this time—Léonin. He united this style with measured discant passages, which used the rhythmic modes to create the pinnacle of organum composition. This final stage of organum is sometimes referred to as Notre Dame school of polyphony, since that was where Léonin (and his student Pérotin) were stationed. Furthermore, this kind of polyphony influenced all subsequent styles, with the later polyphonic genera of motets starting as a trope of existing Notre Dame organums.

The use of and attitude toward polyphony varied widely in the Avignon court from the beginning to the end of its religious importance in the fourteenth century. Harmony was not only considered frivolous, impious, and lascivious, but an obstruction to the audibility of the words. Instruments, as well as certain modes, were actually forbidden in the church because of their association with secular music and pagan rites. Dissonant clashes of notes give a creepy feeling that was labeled as evil, fueling their argument against polyphony as being the devil's music.

Homophony first appeared as one of the predominant textures in Western classical music during the Baroque period in the early 17th century, when composers began to commonly compose with vertical harmony in mind, the homophonic basso continuo becoming a definitive feature of the style. In Western music, homophony may have originated in dance music, in which a simple and direct rhythmic style was needed for the prescribed bodily movements of individual dances. Homophony and polyphony coexisted in the 1600s and 1700s. Polyphony was the common melody during the Renaissance period.

Early Western religious music often features parallel perfect intervals; these intervals would preserve the clarity of the original plainsong. These works were created and performed in cathedrals, and made use of the resonant modes of their respective cathedrals to create harmonies. As polyphony developed, however, the use of parallel intervals was slowly replaced by the English style of consonance that used thirds and sixths. The English style was considered to have a sweeter sound, and was better suited to polyphony in that it offered greater linear flexibility in part-writing.

The Tomahawk S was featured in June 2016 as a scale model in Polyphony Digital's Gran Turismo Sport unveiling event in the Copper Box Arena along with nine other full-size and scaled replicas of Vision GT vehicles.

Drummer Al Mouzon deserves special note; his > crisp drumming is a good foil for Tyner's shattering polyphony. > Enlightenment is a celebration of the epoch of the pianists and also of a > musician who has never ceased to grow.

The S90 can be expanded through plug-in boards at three plug-in slots, thus providing additional presets, polyphony, effects and synthesizer functionality. Also, a memory slot is included for SmartMedia (3.3 V) cards up to 128 MB.

2:21 The form of this movement is also much less obvious than the first movement. It has a lyrical sound with the oboe playing a recurring jazzy descending ostinato. The voices are again in polyphony for this movement.

Retrieved 22 July 2019. After finishing his doctorate, Crang lectured at St David's College, Lampeter,Philip Crang, "The Politics of Polyphony: Reconfigurations in Geographical Authority", Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, vol. 10, no. 5 (1992), p. 527.

Mincham characterizes the ritornello as "comfortably conventional", in contrast with the "convoluted" theme. Hofmann notes the "operatic quality" of the movement, when for example on the words "" (so that everything suddenly releases me), the polyphony suddenly resolves to homophony.

Grøvlen is currently studying (Autumn 2017) in the soloist class at the Royal Danish Conservatory of Music under the guidance of Jens Elvekjær. In 2017, his debut solo album BACH - Inside Polyphony was released at the label 2L receiving brilliant reviews.

The Juno-Gi is a 128-voice polyphony keyboard that contains about 1,300 sounds and an eight- track digital recorder with guitar, microphone and line inputs. USB memory, MIDI file format (SMF/MP3/WAV/AIFF), and D-Beam control are included.

The first evidence of polyphony with more than one singer per part comes in the Old Hall Manuscript (1420, though containing music from the late 14th century), in which there are apparent divisi, one part dividing into two simultaneously sounding notes.

Olav Fartein Valen (25 August 1887 - 14 December 1952) was a Norwegian composer, notable for his work in atonal polyphonic music. He developed a polyphony similar to Bach's counterpoint, but based on motivic working and dissonance rather than harmonic progression.

The "target chord" concept is applied equally to homomphonic parallelism and its various iterations as it is to polyphony. These vertical combinations by means of their strict repetition serve as an organizing structure to the improvised nature of the harmonic motions.

The Brisbane Oratory Choir and Schola, as well as invited guests on special occasions, provide sacred chant and polyphony principally for the celebration of the Sacred Liturgy, but also for the oratorio concerts which are performed from time to time.

The film focuses on Daulne and discusses the implications of membership in a racially mixed group that consciously fuses African rhythms and vocal tones with European polyphony. The documentary won the International Visual Music award for Best Popular Music TV Documentary.

Jacobus Vaet ( – 8 January 1567) was a Flemish composer of the Renaissance. He was a representative of the generation between Josquin and Palestrina, writing smooth polyphony with pervasive imitation, and he was a friend both of Clemens non Papa and Lassus.

Early European encounters with Polynesians were surprised to find polyphonic singing there, which was likely drone-based and dissonant, like Melanesian polyphony. However, Polynesian traditions became strongly influenced by Western choral church music, which brought counterpoint into Polynesian musical practice.

The car's exterior design was made by Takumi Yamamoto, a Japanese designer from Jean-Pierre Ploué's Style Citroën design team. Takumi Yamamoto was a childhood friend of Kazunori Yamauchi, director of Polyphony Digital and creator of the popular Gran Turismo franchise, also known as "Gegge". According to a Yamauchi interview at the Paris Motor Show 2008, he and Yamamoto started collaborating on this project back in 2003. A press release published on the North American Gran Turismo official website describes the Citroën and Polyphony Digital collaboration as "a joint effort first talked about at the Geneva Motor Show past March" [2008].

Some of the parts designed by Polyphony Digital such as the Carmate Opera Z's full aero kit including front bumper, sideskirts, rear bumper and rear spoiler, were eventually manufactured and sold by Japanese tuner Opera Performance as the 350Z RS aero kit. Latest collaborations include interior design of the Nissan GT-R with the creation of the Multifunction Meter deviceThe Nissan GT-R Multifunction Meter Story (2007) and aero parts design for the Amuse GT1 Turbo (2008). The GT by Citroën project with its complete production process is a step further in design for Polyphony Digital.

In classical music, a definition of polyphony does not only mean just playing multiple notes at once but an ability to make audiences perceive multiple lines of independent melodies. Playing multiple notes as a whole, such as a rhythm from a chord pattern, is not polyphony but homophony. A classical violin has multiple strings and indeed is polyphonic but harder for some beginners to play multiple strings by bowing. One needs to control the pressure, speed and angle well for one note before having an ability to play the multiple notes at acceptable quality expected by the composers.

Isorhythm is a logical outgrowth of the rhythmic modes that governed most late medieval polyphony. Discarding modal-rhythmic limitations, isorhythm became a significant organizing principle of much of 14th-century French polyphony by extending the talea of an initial section to the entire composition in conjunction with variation of a corresponding color . "The playful complexity of ....[taleae] that mixes mensuration and undergoes diminution by half—became a typical, even a defining feature of motets in the 14th century and beyond" . Structural diagram of the isorhythmic tenor in Johannes Alanus' Sub arturo plebs – Fons citharizantium – In omnem terram.

Students at the Royal College of Music who would become household names were introduced to their heritage when Charles Villiers Stanford sent them to the cathedral to hear "polyphony for a penny" (the bus fare). This programme also required honing the boys' sight-reading ability to a then-unprecedented standard. The choir has commissioned many works from distinguished composers, many of whom are better known for their contribution to Anglican music, such as Benjamin Britten and Ralph Vaughan Williams. However, the choir is particularly renowned for its performance of Gregorian chant and polyphony of the Renaissance.

The keyboard has 61 keys which are not velocity-sensitive to harder or softer key presses. It can produce eight note polyphony, which means up to eight keys can be pressed at once. In split keyboard mode, the polyphony limit is still eight notes, but there is a maximum of four for the lower half and four for the upper half. In mono mode, the DX21 can play only one note, unless the keyboard is split; if the keyboard is split, the DX21 can do one mono voice for the lower split and one mono voice for the upper split.

Over 40 settings have been identified in several sources, a group of compositions almost equal in size to that of Léonin, the earlier composer of the continental Notre Dame school, but only one of the 40 can be restored completely; the others exist only in fragments. Some of his work appears in the Worcester Fragments, a collection of 59 manuscript leaves that represents about a third of the total surviving polyphony from 13th- century England. Each of Wycombe's alleluias is in four sections. The second and fourth contain the solo respond and verse sections, while the first and third consist of free polyphony.

European polyphony rose out of melismatic organum, the earliest harmonization of the chant. Twelfth-century composers, such as Léonin and Pérotin developed the organum that was introduced centuries earlier, and also added a third and fourth voice to the now homophonic chant. In the thirteenth century, the chant-based tenor was becoming altered, fragmented, and hidden beneath secular tunes, obscuring the sacred texts as composers continued to play with this new invention called polyphony. The lyrics of love poems might be sung above sacred texts in the form of a trope, or the sacred text might be placed within a familiar secular melody.

Intervals and chords, used in Chechen and Ingush polyphony, are often dissonances (sevenths, seconds, fourths). This is quite usual in all North Caucasian traditions of polyphony as well, but in Chechen and Ingush traditional songs more sharp dissonances are used. In particular, a specific cadence, where the final chord is a dissonant three-part chord, consisting of fourth and the second on top (c-f-g), is quite unique for North Caucasia. Only on the other side of Caucasian mountains, in western Georgia, there are only few songs that finish on the same dissonant chord (c-f-g).

This process involves several audio analysis tasks, which may include multi-pitch detection, onset detection, duration estimation, instrument identification, and the extraction of harmonic, rhythmic or melodic information. This task becomes more difficult with greater numbers of instruments and a greater polyphony level.

Polyphony Digital has collaborated with peripherals manufacturer Logitech and auto parts maker Sparco to design official driving simulator kits for the Gran Turismo franchise. The most recent product designation is Driving Force GT. Two other racing wheels are compatible with Gran Turismo.

Although criticized for its limited programmability, high purchase price of $5295 and reliability issues, the Polymoog Synthesizer was popular with musicians of the period, and its unlimited polyphony was considered revolutionary upon its initial release.Polymoog - A Retrospective Dubsounds. Retrieved 23 March 2013.

Pedro de Escobar (c. 1465 - after 1535), a.k.a. Pedro do Porto, was a Portuguese composer of the Renaissance, mostly active in Spain. He was one of the earliest and most skilled composers of polyphony in the Iberian Peninsula, whose music has survived.

It was probably the last mass that Josquin composed.Planchart, in Sherr, pp. 130, 132. This mass is an extended fantasia on the tune, using the melody in all voices and in all parts of the mass, in elaborate and ever-changing polyphony.

Therefore, Palestrina came to be named the "saviour of Church polyphony". This legend, though unfounded, has long been a mainstay of histories of music.Henry Davey, "Giovanni Pierluigi, da Palestrina", Proceedings of the Musical Association, 25th Sess. (1898–1899) in JSTOR p 53.

Pérotin's Viderunt omnes, ca. 13th century. Of equal importance to the overall history of western music theory were the textural changes that came with the advent of polyphony. This practice shaped western music into the harmonically dominated music that we know today.

The lower and upper part could be split or played in dual on the keyboard. The dual configuration allows an 8-voice polyphony bi- timbrality while only one partial plays, which allows for 32 voices.Julian Colbeck, Keyfax Omnibus Edition, MixBooks 1996, p.

Minnesinger and Meistersinger could be considered parallels of French troubadours and trouvère. Among the Minnesinger, Hermann, a monk from Salzburg, deserves special note. He incorporated folk styles from the Alpine regions in his compositions. He made some primitive forays into polyphony as well.

The Yamaha EX5 is a synthesizer/workstation produced by Yamaha from 1998 to 2000. The EX5 combines several methods of sound generation (see below). The later released EX7 was a cheaper version of the EX5 with fewer keys, polyphony, sounds and functions.

During the 12th century, the abbey became known for the strict adoption of the Cluniac observance. John Cotton, whose "De musica" (c. 1100-1121) is one of the earliest musical theses, covers the ecclesiastical use of monody in the organum and the roots of polyphony.

The final movement incorporates imitative polyphony in a fugal section. Milhaud’s fourth little symphony is approximately 6 minutes in duration and contains the following movements: # Ouverture (approx. 0’45’’) # Choral (approx. 3’25’’) # Etude (approx. 1’50’’) This little symphony was originally published by Dover Publications in 1922.

In 1991 he received the title D.Mus from Kiev Conservatory. From 1988 until 1995 Jordania was the head of the Musical Sector of the Centre of the Mediterranean Studies at the Tbilisi State University. He published his first monograph on choral polyphony in 1989.

A superset of the General MIDI standard which added several proprietary extensions. The most notable additions were the 600 instruments and 32 notes polyphony. XG was introduced in 1994 with the Yamaha MU-series line of sound modules and PSR line of digital keyboards.

The Winchester Troper, from c. 1000, is the oldest extant example of notated polyphony for chant performance, although the notation does not indicate precise pitch levels or durations.Riemann, Hugo. History of music theory, books I and II: polyphonic theory to the sixteenth century, Book 1.

Polyphony was incorporated into editions of the Psalter from 1625, but usually with the congregation singing the melody and trained singers the contra-tenor, treble and bass parts.J. Wormald, Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), , pp. 187–90. However, the triumph of the Presbyterians in the National Covenant of 1638 led to the end of polyphony and a new psalter in common metre, but without tunes, was published in 1650. In 1666 The Twelve Tunes for the Church of Scotland, composed in Four Parts, which actually contained 14 tunes and was designed for use with the 1650 Psalter, was first published in Aberdeen.

It was an early stand-alone, microprocessor-based, digital CV/Gate sequencer, and an early polyphonic sequencer.Paul Théberge (1997), Any Sound You Can Imagine: Making Music/Consuming Technology, page 223, Wesleyan University PressHerbert A. Deutsch (1985), Synthesis: an introduction to the history, theory & practice of electronic music, page 96, Alfred Music It equipped a keypad to enter notes as numeric codes, 16 KB of RAM for a maximum of 5200 notes (large for the time), and a polyphony function which allocated multiple pitch CVs to a single Gate. It was capable of eight-channel polyphony, allowing the creation of polyrhythmic sequences.Chris Carter, ROLAND MC8 MICROCOMPOSER , Sound on Sound, Vol.

Cham Albanians' music has its own features, which makes it differ from that of other Albanian music. Cham Albanian folk music can be divided into three main categories: the iso-polyphonic, the polyphonic and the folk ballads. According to German scholar Doris Stockman, Cham music "may give an impact to further explain the inner Albanian relationships, among the vocal practices of the various folk groups in South Balkan, more than it had been done that far, as well as to offer new material to comparative studies concerning the complex of problems of the folk polyphony in Europe". Iso-polyphony is a form of traditional Albanian polyphonic music.

His sole surviving work of sacred music is the Agenda defunctorum (Office of the Dead) of 1556. In this work primarily for four voices (some sections included three voices and others five) Vásquez not only demonstrated his ability with extended forms of music but also conveyed his facility for counterpoint and his beautiful and melodious lines. Cantus firmi are apparent in this work but he used them intermittently in all of the voices at various places.AOL Music's Vásquez biography The music employs both plainchant and polyphony, with his best and most extensive use of polyphony to be found in the Missa pro defunctis from that collection.

Voice crossing appears frequently in 16th-century music, to such a degree that Knud Jeppesen, in his analysis of Renaissance polyphony, said that without voice crossing "no real polyphony is possible." Voice crossing is less common when it involves the lowest voice, as it creates a new bass line for the calculation of the upper voices, though still it is by no means uncommon.Thomas Benjamin, The Craft of Modal Counterpoint: A Practical Approach, New York: Schirmer, 1979, 89. Though it is common in the repertoire, voice crossing is sometimes avoided in strict counterpoint pedagogical exercises, especially when involving few voices.Arnold Schoenberg, Preliminary Exercises in Counterpoint, New York: St. Martin's, 1964, 11.

Jerome Roche, Palestrina (Oxford Studies of Composers, 7; New York: Oxford University Press, 1971), . He had a long-lasting influence on the development of church and secular music in Europe, especially on the development of counterpoint, and his work is considered the culmination of Renaissance polyphony.

1642360 His research has also yielded testable predictions about the consonance and dissonance of musical sonorities.Parncutt, R., Reisinger, D., Fuchs, A., & Kaiser, F. (2018). Consonance and prevalence of sonorities in Western polyphony: Roughness, harmonicity, familiarity, evenness, diatonicity. Journal of New Music Research, 48(1), 1–20.

172–74 Bakhtin saw Dostoevsky as the preeminent exemplar of the Carnivalesque in literature, and as the inventor of the Polyphonic novel. A literary approach that incorporates carnivalisation and polyphony in Bakhtin's sense precludes any sort of conventionally recognizable structure or predictable pattern of plot development.

In 1894 Perosi went to Solesmes Abbey to study with the Gregorianists Dom André Mocquereau and Dom Joseph Pothier. The Renaissance polyphony he learned from Haberl, and the Gregorian chant he studied in Solesmes were the two pillars upon which the entire oeuvre of Perosi rested.

Compare with polyphony, in which several independent voices or melody lines are performed at the same time. ; hook : A musical idea, often a short riff, passage or phrase, that is used in popular music to make a song appealing and to "catch the ear of the listener".

Some of the improvements to the previous model include: 120 voice polyphony, creative piano filters, seamless transitions, 7 split points with optional split point crossfades, a doubled 512 MB memory for the sample synth section, refined organize mode, and a numeric pad mode for direct program access.

The S90 provides 88 fully weighted keys, the number equivalent to a standard piano, emulating the pianistic mechanism.S90 – Products – Yamahasynth.com The keyboard naturally provides initial touch, but also aftertouch response and has a 64-note polyphony with 16 multitimbral parts providing a maximum of 4 performance parts.

Cornelis Verdonck (1563 – 5 July 1625) was a Flemish composer of the late Renaissance. He was one of the last members of the Franco-Flemish school of polyphony, and was a notable composer of madrigals in a style that blended both Italian and native Netherlandish idioms.

The model has all of the features of other Voyagers except the touch panel control and keyboard. The RME is designed to be controlled via MIDI. Up to 16 RME Voyagers can be combined to achieve polyphony. In 2008, Moog Music released the Minimoog Voyager Old School.

There, he focused on violin, polyphony and choir conducting, harmony, counterpoint, and music history. He also studied in the Musical Analysis Master Classes with Jacques Chailley. He studied under Sergiu Celibidache for more than six years. He also studied with Pierre Boulez and Iannis Xenakis in France.

The sculpture was chosen because it represents the surprise and fascination of machines discovered in the beginning of the 20th century, and shares values with Gran Turismo. Polyphony Digital, the creators of the Gran Turismo series, used laser scanning methods to create an accurate replication of the sculpture.

A Filetta (, ) is an all-male singing group that performs traditional music from Corsica. It's made up of Corsican singers who try to popularize the traditional Corsican Polyphony singing style. To assert its Corsican identity, the group's name refers to a kind of fern that grows on the island.

In the 16th century, several monks distinguished by their musical gifts, as D. Heliodoro de Paiva and D. Francisco de Santa Maria. The musical performances at Santa Cruz competed with those at El Escorial, and were praised for their conciliation between polyphony and the respect for the sacred texts.

Schola Gregoriana Pragensis (English: The Gregorian School of Prague) is an a cappella male voice choir from the Czech Republic, founded in 1987 by David Eben. Their core repertoire consists of Gregorian chant, Bohemian plainchant, and early polyphony, but they also perform modern works including some composed for them.

Polifonia głosów - KONGER (The polyphony of voices - KONGER), Fort Sztuki 1:2004, p. 36. The performances of Konger Group triggered strong criticism from the Polish authorities and resulted in a ban on performing in public for Artur Tajber, issued by the local committee of the Polish United Workers' Party.

Vatican II officially allowed worshipers to substitute other music, particularly sacred polyphony, in place of Gregorian chant, although it did reaffirm that Gregorian chant was still the official music of the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church, and the music most suitable for worship in the Roman Liturgy.

It was also affected by the local folk Carpathian music.Article about Prostopinije at patronagechurch.com. Published in the Byzantine Leaflet Seriess No. 23, November 1981, Byzantine Seminary Press, Pittsburgh, PA 15214 The Prostopinije chant is purely monodic, lacking ison or any other support, as well as folk choral polyphony.

To promote the relationship, Tissot gave away one customized, GT5 edition Tissot PRS 516, every day up until the release date. In February 2011, a real version of the Polyphony Digital-designed Citroën GT was floated by the Rialto Bridge in Venice, recreating a location in Gran Turismo 4.

This legend persisted into the 20th century; Hans Pfitzner's opera Palestrina is based upon this understanding of the deliberations of the Tridentine officials. While Palestrina sympathized with many of the Council's decisions, and, like Vincenzo Ruffo, sought deliberately to compose in a simplified, easily understood style to please church officials, there is no evidence to support either the view that the Council sought to banish polyphony entirely or that Palestrina's mass was the deciding factor in changing their minds. In the latter part of the 20th century, the Missa Papae Marcelli has been recorded frequently, and is often used as a model for the study of stile antico Renaissance polyphony in university courses on music.

In 1984 three of Francesconi's pieces, including Passacaglia, for large orchestra (1982), were selected for the Gaudeamus International Composers Award in Amsterdam. This first important recognition on the international scene created a useful tie with the Dutch music scene and laid the foundation for further commissions. Meanwhile, in Italy, thanks to a commission from the Teatro Lirico di Cagliari, Francesconi had the opportunity to seriously put into practice for the first time his idea of a "polyphony of languages": Suite 1984. The polyphony that I have in mind hasn't got anything to do with the "postmodern" or collage, the exotic pastiche, the provincial chinoiserie of our grandparents (but also of Stockhausen and certain pop groups).

The two main stages of the composer's > activity - Warsaw and Kraków - can be roughly divided into works maintained > in a style reminiscent of the renaissance polyphony (Prima pratica) and > early baroque vocal and vocal-instrumental concerts (Seconda pratica). > Importantly, Stile antico became the main language of the musical statement > of Pękiel after his move to Wawel. This was not related to the conservatism > of the composer, but rather to the specificity of the Kraków cathedral, > where a still functioning group of rorantists cultivated the performance of > a cappella polyphony. The preserved musical output of Pękiel covers 29 > works, almost exclusively manuscripts (three of his instrumental canons were > published with the works of Scacchi).

G. Munro, "'Sang schools' and 'music schools': music education in Scotland 1560–1650", in S. F. Weiss, R. E. Murray, Jr., and C. J. Cyrus, eds, Music Education in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance (Indiana University Press, 2010), , p. 67. Polyphony was incorporated into editions of the Psalter from 1625, but in the few locations where these settings were used, the congregation sang the melody and trained singers the contra-tenor, treble and bass parts.Wormald, Court, Kirk, and Community, pp. 187–90. However, the triumph of the Presbyterians in the National Covenant of 1638 led to an end of polyphony, and a new psalter in common metre, without tunes, was published in 1650.

While the former was available in Gran Turismo HD Concept, the latter was not, but was included in the Gran Turismo 5 Prologue free playable demo among the non selectable NPC cars. In November 2006, shortly before the release of Gran Turismo HD Concept v2.0, Polyphony Digital director Kazunori Yamauchi officially announced a "revision" in the "product strategy": "Gran Turismo 5 will be given priority". Polyphony Digital chose to abandon the planned full version named Gran Turismo HD, which was previously announced as Vision Gran Turismo at the E3 2005 and was first displayed during the Tokyo Game Show 2006 and was scheduled for a 2007 worldwide release to focus on developing Gran Turismo 5 instead.

Carter and Chew (n.d.), §4 "Theoretical and aesthetic basis of works" Solo singing with instrumental accompaniment, or monody, acquired greater significance towards the end of the 16th century, replacing polyphony as the principal means of dramatic music expression.Cruice (1997), p. 37 This was the changing world in which Monteverdi was active.

991, . In 1868 Witt founded the Caecilia Society in order to revive the use of Gregorian chant and polyphony, and to promote the composition of new liturgical music in an older style in Catholic churches.Ogasapian, John, and Orr, N. Lee, 2007, Music of the Gilded Age, Greenwood Press, p.85, .

The tendency of the Council of Trent at this time was to encourage relatively simple music in which the words could be clearly understood; Jacquet was both following this trend, and showing the natural development of a style which had embraced complex polyphony early, and which later sought simplicity and clarity.

Edward Maxwell "Max" Miller (November 17, 1911 – November 13, 1985) was an American jazz pianist and vibraphone player. He had a forty year career that peaked in the 1940s and '50s. Many of his compositions use extended chord harmonies, polyphony, and polytonality and were influenced by Stravinsky, Bartók, and Hindemith.

He composed six numbered symphonies. The first, titled (1933), was reworked from incidental music for Jean Cocteau's Antigone, an adaptation of Sophocles' tragedy. In it, Chávez sought to create an archaic ambiance through the use of modal polyphony, harmonies built on fourths and fifths, and a predominant use of wind instruments .

However the gap between the late 13th century ars antiqua use of the rhythmic modes and the middle of the 16th century, when Loys Bourgeois first mentioned notes inégales, is a large one, and little trace of the practice can be found in the fluid polyphony of the intervening period.

For over 35 years, A Filetta has been singing traditional polyphony but also innovate. They have recorded extensively and performed internationally. In 2009, they performed in France, Germany, Poland, Ireland, Brazil, in the Baltic States, Belgium, Italy, and Austria. The year 2010 brought them to Japan, Korea and the Réunion.

In 2003 Clavia introduced the 2X, a refresh of the Nord Lead 2. It included increased polyphony (20 voice), high-resolution 24-bit 96 kHz DACs, and vastly expanded patch memory. The PCMCIA patch storage was removed. The 2X retains the synthesis engine of its predecessor and consequently its sound characteristics.

This is immediately succeeded by a simple four-bar interlude to be played pianissimo. Polyphonically, the truncated theme is stated in the staccato bass and the sostenuto treble. The next eight bars (piano, sostenuto) develops the polyphony further, building tension (cresc. poco a poco) as the voices become broader and broader.

Containing works for two, three, and four voices, the Codex is one of the oldest surviving collections of Czech Renaissance polyphony, and originated in the Utraquist protestant congregations of around 1500. The manuscript is currently in the Hradec Králové Museum, which acquired it from a Prague antique dealer in 1901.

European polyphony rose prior to, and during the period of the Western Schism. Avignon, the seat of the antipopes, was a vigorous center of secular music-making, much of which influenced sacred polyphony.Riemann, Hugo. History of music theory, books I and II: polyphonic theory to the sixteenth century, Book 2.

Da Capo Press. June 1974. It was not merely polyphony that offended the medieval ears, but the notion of secular music merging with the sacred and making its way into the papal court. It gave church music more of a jocular performance quality removing the solemn worship they were accustomed to.

The Korg OASYS PCI is a DSP-based PCI-card for PC and Mac released in 1999. It offers many synthesizer engines from sampling and substractive to FM and physical modelling. Because of its high market price and low polyphony production was stopped in 2001. About 2000 cards were produced.

Lake's writings appeared in numerous publications, including Postscripts, Realms of Fantasy, Interzone, Strange Horizons, Asimov's Science Fiction, Nemonymous, and the Mammoth Book of Best New Horror. He was an editor for the "Polyphony" anthology series from Wheatland Press, and was also a contributor to The Internet Review of Science Fiction.

With regard to early polyphony the term copula has a variety of meanings. At its most basic level, it can be thought of as the linking of notes together to form a melody. "A copula is a rapid, connected discant..."Strunk, William Oliver (1998). Source Readings in Music History, p.242. .

The "Track Pack" downloadable content, includes Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps (with weather change) and Kart Space I/II. On January 17, 2012, Polyphony Digital released the "Speed Test Pack" that includes "Special Stage Route X". In June, Twin Ring Motegi returned to the series as DLC after the 2012 GT Academy.

Cushitic music uses a distinct modal system that is pentatonic, with characteristically long intervals between some notes. Tastes in music and lyrics are strongly linked in the Horn of Africa and Sudan. Traditional singing presents diverse styles of polyphony (heterophony, drone, imitation, and counterpoint). Traditionally, lyricism is associated with the recitation of poetry.

The work is scored for full orchestra with brass sextet. It is one continuous movement divided into two parts, part one consisting of a slow introduction followed by an allegro, part two which is slow throughout. Musical influences include medieval plainsong, 13th century polyphony, military marches and the string quartet op. 54 no.

Neumes were used for notating other kinds of melody than plainchant, including troubadour and trouvère melodies, monophonic versus and conductus, and the individual lines of polyphonic songs. In some traditions, such as the Notre Dame school of polyphony, certain patterns of neumes were used to represent particular rhythmic patterns called rhythmic modes.

Paul Van Nevel, 2003. Paul Van Nevel (born 4 February 1946) is a Belgian conductor, musicologist and art historian. In 1971 he founded the Huelgas Ensemble, a choir dedicated to polyphony from the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Van Nevel is known for hunting out little known polyphonic medieval works to perform.

For example, a recent general music textbook states, Polyphony and part-writing are also present in many popular music and folk music traditions, although they may not be described as explicitly or systematically as they sometimes are in the Western tradition.Shepherd, John (2003). Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World, p.257. .

Musica enchiriadis is an anonymous musical treatise of the 9th century. It is the first surviving attempt to set up a system of rules for polyphony in western art music. The treatise was once attributed to Hucbald, but this is no longer accepted.Hoppin, Richard H. Medieval Music. Norton, 1978, pp.188-193.

The track was described by Chi Ming Lai as a Nordic noir. It features choir voice layers, "pulsing" electronic sounds and what Stein Østbø of Verdens Gang described as a "hypnotic" polyphony synthesizer solo inspired by the works of British rock band Queen.Østbø, Stein (21 October 2014). "Låtanmeldelse: Susanne Sundfør - «Fade Away»".

There is some evidence that polyphony survived and it was incorporated into editions of the psalter from 1625, but usually with the congregation singing the melody and trained singers the contra-tenor, treble and bass parts.J. Wormald, Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470-1625 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), , pp. 187-90.

Polyphony often predominates harmony; compositions are not focused on one key. Polyphonic textures equalize harmony, rhythm, and melody, dispensing with traditional ideas of key and pitch. Each instrument can play a rhythmic, harmonic, or melodic role, or any combination of the three. The lines between solos, lead instruments, and accompaniment are blurred.

The choir represents the angels singing the words after Luke: "" ("Glory to God on high and peace on Earth and goodwill towards mankind."). Bach treats the three aspects differently, as in a motet. The instruments only accompany. The first section, about glory, is developed in dense polyphony based on a passacaglia-type bass.

In his review in the August 16, 1962 of Down Beat magazine Harvey Pekar says this of Russell: "His work abounds with such devices as polyphony, polytonality, and changing tempos and time signatures. He is also a brilliant orchestrator... producing constantly varying sonorities and textures."Down Beat: August 16, 1962 vol. 29, no.

He studied Polyphony and Musical Form and Analysis with Anatoli Milka and Igor Rogalev. He returned to Iran in 2007 soon after obtaining his Diploma With Honor from the conservatory. Tafazzoli is now teaching in art universities in Iran including Tehran University of Art, Azad University of Art and Architecture, and Tehran University.

Recordings were made by the chamber choir Polyphony, conducted by Stephen Layton, by the Westminster Cathedral Choir, conducted by James O'Donnell, and by The Cambridge Singers, conducted by John Rutter, among others. The Norwegian chamber choir Grex Vocalis, conducted by Carl Høgset, recorded the motets along with the Messe en sol majeur.

Journal of the American Musicological Society 55 (2002), pp. 1–37. Starting in the late 16th century, a legend began that the second of these points, the threat that polyphony might have been banned by the Council because of the unintelligibility of the words, was the impetus behind Palestrina's composition of this mass. It was believed that the simple, declamatory style of Missa Papae Marcelli convinced Cardinal Carlo Borromeo, on hearing, that polyphony could be intelligible, and that music such as Palestrina's was all too beautiful to ban from the Church. In 1607, the composer Agostino Agazzari wrote: Jesuit musicians of the 17th century maintained this rumor, and it made its way into music history books into the 19th century, when historian Giuseppe Baini, in his 1828 biography of Palestrina, couched him as the "savior of polyphony" from a council wishing to wipe it out entirely: An entry in the papal chapel diaries confirms that a meeting such as the one described by Baini occurred, but no mention is made of whether the Missa Papae Marcelli was performed there or what the reaction of the audience was.

Open vocals with monophony are common in the Pacific Northwest and British Columbia, though polyphony also occurs (this the only area of North America with native polyphony). Chromatic intervals accompanying long melodies are also characteristic, and rhythms are complex and declamatory, deriving from speech. Instrumentation is more diverse than in the rest of North America, and includes a wide variety of whistles, flutes, horns and percussion instruments. Nettl describes the music of the Kwakwaka'wakw, Nuu-chah-nulth, Tsimshian, Makah, and Quileute as some of the most complex on the continent, with the music of the Salish nations (Nlaka'pamux, Nuxálk, and Sliammon, and others directly east of the Northwest tribes) as being intermediary between these Northwest Coast tribes and Inuit music.

He created the "Centre de musique ancienne" following the symposium Le concert des voix et des instruments de la Renaissance held in the Centre region in 1991. He wants to make it a complementary tool for the dissemination of concerts in the service of early music.. This centerLe Centre de musique ancienne mis en sommeil sur Le Monde.fr was also intended to disseminate musicological discoveries through musical publishing and the organization of colloquia, the most emblematic of which was devoted to women musicians. This dual status, as a specialist in Renaissance polyphony and artistic director, allows him to be invited to work in various centres or places dedicated to polyphony in France, notably for the Institut de Musique Ancienne de Saintes.

Open vocals with monophony are common in the Pacific Northwest and British Columbia, though polyphony also occurs (this is the only area of North America with native polyphony). Chromatic intervals accompanying long melodies are also characteristic, and rhythms are complex and declamatory, deriving from speech. Instrumentation is more diverse than in the rest of North America, and includes a wide variety of whistles, flutes, horns and percussion instruments. Nettl describes the music of the Kwakwaka'wakw, Nuu-chah-nulth, Tsimshian, Makah, and Quileute as some of the most complex on the continent, with the music of the Salish nations (Nlaka'pamux, Nuxálk, and Sliammon, and others directly east of the Northwest tribes) as being intermediary between these Northwest Coast tribes and Inuit music.

King David singing the Psalms The Church Music Association of America (CMAA) is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) association of Catholic church musicians and others who have a special interest in music and liturgy, active in advancing Gregorian chant, Renaissance polyphony, and other forms of sacred music for liturgical use. Founded in 1964, it is affiliated with the Consociatio Internationalis Musicae Sacrae (Roma), an advisory organization on sacred music founded by Pope Paul VI. The CMAA provides support for those interested in participating in a revival of Gregorian chant and sacred polyphony in Catholic liturgy. It sponsors scholarship and composition in the tradition of sacred music. It hosts the most-attended colloquium on sacred music in the English-speaking world, held annually since 1990.

At the 2006 Tokyo Game Show's opening, Famitsu released details and a screenshot about a new Polyphony Digital project, Gran Turismo HD, scheduled from a December release. Two versions would be simultaneously released, the Blu-ray Disc based "GTHD Premium" (GTHDプレミアム) and the PlayStation Store downloadable "GTHD Classic" (GTHDクラシック). During the show, Polyphony Digital unveiled the first Gran Turismo HD teaser and featured HD renders of five cars: Nismo GT-R R-Tune R1 '99, Honda S2000 '99, TOM'S Castrol Supra JGTC '99, Ford GT '05 and the Ferrari 599 GTB Fiorano '06. The first four cars were available in Gran Turismo 4 but didn't appear in late GTHD trailers, though the Ferrari was featured in Gran Turismo HD Concept.

Louis VII was succeeded by his son Philip II in 1179 and his reign was marked by integration and revision of the cultural shifts that had transpired under his father. It was during this time that the compositions of Pérotin first appeared, and a shift towards a more predominant discantus style. Pérotin is best known for his composition of both liturgical organa and non-liturgical conducti in which the voices move note on note. He pioneered the styles of organum triplum and organum quadruplum (three and four-part polyphony) and his Viderunt omnes and Sederunt principes, Graduals for Christmas and the feast of St Stephen's Day (December 26) respectively are among only a few organa quadrupla known, early polyphony having been restricted to two-part compositions.

Hoppin, 346. Voice exchange gradually died out after 1300, due to the gradual separation of voice ranges and the expansion of the ambitus of a composition. However, it occasionally made limited appearances in simple polyphony of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and was, for example, common in the upper parts of Baroque trio sonatas.

B'ee plays the guitar, cittern, harps (both mouth harps and folk harps), harmonica, recorder, reeds and flutes. He is largely self-taught (though says he has didactically studied "16th century polyphony"). He designs and fabricates his own stringed instruments. As a live performer, B'ee is commonly associated with his pear-shaped and double-necked guitars.

However, the triumph of the Presbyterians in the National Covenant of 1638 led to and end of polyphony and a new psalter in common metre, but without tunes, was published in 1650.J. R. Baxter, "Music, ecclesiastical", in M. Lynch, ed., The Oxford Companion to Scottish History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), , pp. 431–2.

In the context of Schenkerian analysis, it appears among others in Forte & Gilbert, Introduction to Schenkerian Analysis (1982), Chapter 3, pp. 67-80. Manfred Bukofzer, Music in the Baroque Era, New York, Norton, 1947, had spoken of "implied polyphony". Unfolding is "a prolongation by means of the unfolding of intervals horizontally."Pandey, Ashish (2005).

4 (November 2006): 32. The modal melody is presented throughout the movement with distinct alterations: it is stated with rhythmic augmentation and then in polyphony, a testament to Ligeti's counterpoint training under Ferenc Farkas. A second melody is introduced in measure 6, this one with tonal implications, which are later confirmed by chordal accompaniment.Beech, 34.

Jensen, 981.Dolskaya-Ackerly, 208. The prayer Mnogaya leta (Многая лета), or Bol'shoe mnogoletie (Большое многолетие) proved to be the most enduring of Titov's compositions, possibly because its polyphony was more simple and therefore in line with the ideals of Classical music era. It was sung in Russian churches up to the October Revolution.

In the final movement, the two verses of the doxology are set on the psalm tone for four parts, with all instruments playing colla parte. Wind instruments and violin I join the soprano part. The setting is mostly in homophony, but turns to polyphony for the final "von Ewigkeit zu Ewigkeit" (for ever and ever).

The Yamaha CS2x is a sample-based synthesizer released by the Yamaha Corporation in 1999. The CS2x is designed for maximum real-time control, according to Yamaha. It is the successor of the very successful Yamaha CS1x. Enhancements include 64-note polyphony, a bigger sample ROM and a 24 dB/oct LPF/HPF filter.

Psallentes focuses on Late Medieval and Renaissance plainsong and related polyphony. From careful investigation and extensive use of original manuscripts,On 1 February 2008 the Flemish Community acquired the important Tsgrooten Antiphonary . Psallentes performed several extracts from this Antiphonary at the press conference announcing the acquisition. Psallentes gather evidence on how this music was performed.

The lute fantasias are now considered his most important works: they represent a novel type for the time, of purely instrumental composition. Their dense polyphony and complex architecture (some evolve for several hundred bars), as well as the skill required to play them, make the fantasias some of the most important works in the repertoire.

The French island Corsica has a unique style of music called Paghjella that is known for its polyphony. Traditionally, Paghjella contains a staggered entrance and continues with the three singers carrying independent melodies. This music tends to contain much melisma and is sung in a nasal temperament. Additionally, many paghjella songs contain a picardy third.

The motet is written for four voices, soprano, alto, tenor, and bass. The style is reminiscent of a canzona, in an ABB structure. The a section, rendering the text "Mary said to the angel", is set in imitative polyphony. The B section, repeated with a slightly modified ending, sets Mary's words, beginning in homophony.

Léonin (also Leoninus, Leonius, Leo) (fl. 1150s — d. ? 1201) was the first known significant composer of polyphonic organum. He was probably French, probably lived and worked in Paris at the Notre Dame Cathedral and was the earliest member of the Notre Dame school of polyphony and the ars antiqua style who is known by name.

However, the manuscripts and fragments that survive date well into the thirteenth century, meaning that they are preserved in a form notated by musicians working several generations following Léonin and Pérotin. This collection of music constitutes the earliest known record of polyphony to have the stability and circulation achieved earlier by monophonic Gregorian chant.

In the 16th and 17th centuries, the Cathedral of Évora was the setting of the so-called School of Évora of polyphony, which played an important role in the music history of Portugal. Composers related to the Cathedral include Mateus de Aranda and Manuel Mendes and his pupils Duarte Lobo and Filipe de Magalhães.

1, no. 2 (Fall 1987). One melody predominates while the other parts play either single notes or an elaborate accompaniment. This differentiation of roles contrasts with equal-voice polyphony (in which similar lines move with rhythmic and melodic independence to form an even texture) and monophony (in which all parts move in unison or octaves).

The work of Haas was entirely based on tonality. At first, he was strongly influenced by his mentor Max Reger, whose language of polyphony and harmony also featured in Haas's music. During his lifetime, Haas was a successful and well known composer. In 1954, for his 75th birthday, numerous celebratory festivals took place in both West and East Germany.

The cantata begins with an instrumental sinfonia a work in the style of an overture to a contemporary Venetian opera, with chordal passages and occasional polyphony. It introduces the first line of the melody, The mood is sombre, recalling the "Death's bonds" of the first line of the hymn: Christ's death on the cross and burial.

After his release from prison, Dostoevsky incorporated religious themes, especially those of Russian Orthodoxy, into his writing. Elements of gothic fiction, romanticism, and satire are observable in some of his books. He frequently used autobiographical or semi-autobiographical details. An important stylistic element in Dostoevsky's writing is polyphony, the simultaneous presence of multiple narrative voices and perspectives.

The settings buttons include controls for effects such as portamento. Compared to the "warm" and "fuzzy" sounds of analog synthesizers, the digital DX7 sounds "harsh", "glassy" and "chilly", with a richer, brighter sound. Its preset sounds constitute "struck" and "plucked" sounds with complex transients. Its keyboard spans five octaves, with sixteen- note polyphony, meaning sixteen notes can sound simultaneously.

Music played an important role in the education system during ancient times. Boys were taught music from the age of six. Later influences from the Roman Empire, Middle East, and the Byzantine Empire also had effect on Greek music. While the new technique of polyphony was developing in the West, the Eastern Orthodox Church resisted any type of change.

Roseberry, 14. The "Pleni sunt caeli" section features free imitative polyphony in the voices with the original twelve-tone melody transferred to the organ pedals. The Benedictus is a bitonal duet for two soloists, the first in G major, and the second in C major. This results in parallel fourths and false relations between F-sharp and F natural.

She earned a Master of Arts in English from Acadia University in 1994. Her MA thesis was entitled "The Sweet Chorus of Ha, Ha, He!" Polyphony in utterature: A collection of writings on children's poetry. In it she coined the term "utterature" to refer to "all literature which depends upon the oral tradition and community of listeners".

Gollner's interest centre on medieval music; he has studied early vocal and instrumental polyphony (including the origins of keyboard music), notation and oral musical traditions. His writings on scripture settings have included investigations on psalmody, masses and the relation of both monophobic and polyphonic Gospel settings to liturgical drama from the medieval era up to Viennese classicism.

The original owner of this manuscript was Pierre de Limoges, and it was given to the Sorbonne when he died. Anonymous IV was most likely aware of this manuscript when he wrote. The purpose of the manuscript was to educate mainly Dominican ecclesiastics about chant and polyphony, so that they could perform it and judge it.

Often, Reinvere does entirely without the links of tonality, relying on instrumental and vocal sounds and the sound of narration, closer to noise than to precisely defined pitch. Clearly arranged textures are used according to a classical understanding of polyphony. Time, shaped dramaturgically, enables the listener to develop listening expectations while simultaneously confronting him with the unforeseen.

The GT by Citroën (sometimes spelled GTbyCitroën) is a sports car that debuted as a concept car on October 2 at the 2008 Paris Motor Show. The car is a collaboration between the French automaker Citroën and the Japanese racing simulation developer Polyphony Digital. Six cars are expected to be built. The expected MSRP is $2,100,000.

International symposia on the problems of traditional polyphony had been organized biannually from 2002. The last one was held on September 26 - October 1, 2016. All of them had been organized in late September - early October, at the Tbilisi State Conservatory. The geography of representation of scholars from different countries of the world had been steadily increasing.

The concept of music for Bartolucci is based on naturalness and spontaneity. His reference points are Gregorian chant, Palestrina, and Verdi. Characteristic of Bartolucci's aesthetic conception is a respect for tradition, whose base lies in "a considerable severity of song and a certain limpid and solid polyphony", as he describes in the preface to his First Book of Motets.

There are different, sometimes conflicting views on the nature of Georgian scales. The most prevalent is the view expressed by Vladimer Gogotishvili, who suggested distinguishing diatonic scales based on a system of perfect fourths and those based on a system of perfect fifths.Vladimer Gogotishvili. 2010. On Authentic and Plagal Typesof Monotonic (non-octave) Scales in Georgian Traditional vocal polyphony.

Meschi loved Bach's polyphony. He spent much of his time transcribing pieces before playing them at concerts with his harp guitar. A dozen of his manuscripts have recently been found including a 1948 transcription of Bach's famous Toccata and Fugue in D minor BWV 565 for organ. It is unclear which Bach music Meschi interpreted in his concerts.

114–115 The characteristics of this entire area include short iterative phrases; reverting relationships; shouts before, during, and after singing anhemitonic pentatonic scales; simple rhythms and meter and, according to Nettl, antiphonal or responsorial techniques including "rudimentary imitative polyphony". Melodic movement tends to be gradually descending throughout the area and vocals include a moderate amount of tension and pulsation.

Frequently in African music two or more ostinatos moving contrapuntally are employed, with or without a longer melodic line to create an orchestral texture (dense textures are desired and aimed for by both composers and performers alike). This type of polyphony is of the contrapuntal or horizontal type. In practice each ostinato moves in independent melodic and rhythmic patterns.

This transitional period between the Renaissance and baroque included the development of the Sicilian polyphonic school in the works of Pietro Vinci, the first extant polyphony written by women, the fusion of Hebrew texts and European music in the works of Salomone Rossi, and the virtuosic women's music of Luzzasco Luzzaschi performed by the Concerto delle donne in Ferrara.

Updates were available on game boot through online download, all free. Game content such as new cars, game modes or GT-TV videos were added with each update. Some elements such as BGMs are regionally exclusive due to licensing issues. Once Polyphony Digital begun to focus on Gran Turismo 5, it stopped applying updates to GT5 Prologue.

The Korg Mono/Poly (MP-4) is a 44 key "mono-polyphonic" analog synthesizer manufactured by Korg from 1981 to 1984. This keyboard is the sister synthesizer to the Korg Polysix. It has four highly stable voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs), a 4-pole, self-oscillating low pass filter (LPF), several modulation capabilities and pseudo-polyphony (paraphony).

This limited the possibilities of emulating analog and heavily-filtered sounds. However, this was a common omission from several manufacturers of the early 1990s. The total 32-note polyphony was reduced when using more than one waveform per patch. The user patches could be stored in one of 120 memories, or saved to floppy disk. Hyperwave.

Their first release was Missa Mexicana: festive polyphony and popular dances from 17th-century Mexico (The Times (London) CD of the Year). Their second CD, Miracles of Notre Dame (songs arranged by Gautier de Coincy, 13th-century Prior of Vic) won the Dutch "Edison" award: it was also Gramophone Magazine's Editor's Choice & London Telegraph CD of the Year.

Thomas Ashwell or Ashewell (c. 1478 - after 1513 (possibly 1527?)) was an English composer of the Renaissance. He was a skilled composer of polyphony, and may have been the teacher of John Taverner. His admission to St. George's Chapel as a chorister in 1491 suggests a birthdate of approximately 1478, but nothing else is known about his early life.

A bar from J.S. Bach's "Fugue No.17 in A flat", BWV 862, from Das Wohltemperierte Clavier (Part I), an example of contrapuntal polyphony. The two parts, or voices, on each staff may be distinguished by the direction of the stems. , , , & separately. Part- writing (or voice leading) is the composition of parts in consideration of harmony and counterpoint.

Status (Twitter). Retrieved June 5, 2009. and also features a solo by Steve Vai, for whom Townsend performed lead vocals on the album Sex & Religion. Because the album is considered a single piece, several tracks recall themes played earlier in the record; in addition, "Judgement" would later be referenced in "Polyphony" from SYL's The New Black.

Johann Joseph Fux Johann Joseph Fux (; c. 1660 – 13 February 1741) was an Austrian composer, music theorist and pedagogue of the late Baroque era. His most enduring work is not a musical composition but his treatise on counterpoint, Gradus ad Parnassum, which has become the single most influential book on the Palestrinian style of Renaissance polyphony.

The polyphonic song of Epirus is a form of traditional folk polyphony practiced among Aromanians, Albanians, Greeks and Macedonians in southern Albania and northwestern Greece. The polyphonic song of Epirus is not to be confused with other varieties of polyphonic singing, such as the yodeling songs of the region of Muotatal, or the Cantu a tenore of Sardinia.

"Far Beyond Metal" is a studio recording of a tour song previously released on No Sleep 'till Bedtime and For Those Aboot to Rock. "Almost Again" emulates the keyboard-heavy ending of "Truth" from Infinity. "Polyphony" shares a riff with "Judgement" from Synchestra. A riff from "Monument" was later used as the bridge riff of "Lucky Animals" on Epicloud.

His compositions included Arabesque, Circle, Triangle, 4 Squares, and Paraphrase in Polyphony. He was also the founder and musical director of the McGill Chamber Orchestra. He also conducted the Kingston Symphony from 1965 to 1981. In 1967, he conducted the McGill Chamber Orchestra at the official opening of the Centennial Theatre at Bishop's University in Lennoxville, Quebec, Canada.

The piece makes extensive use of imitative polyphony and incremental building of melodies. The work is divided into five sections. The first and third share a similar texture of rapid piano, cello, and bass clarinet figures, while the second and fourth sections are marked by sustained tones in the cello. The fifth and final section combines these materials.

He studied plainsong, Gregorian chant and the emergence of polyphony in the European Renaissance. The music that began to emerge after this period was radically different. This period of new compositions included the 1977 works Fratres, Cantus in Memoriam Benjamin Britten and Tabula Rasa. Pärt describes the music of this period as "tintinnabuli"—like the ringing of bells.

Each of the ethnic groups has its own folk music traditions, most showing strong vocal polyphony (a common characteristic of African music),. Talking drums are common among the Nzema people, who are also known for their abissa purification dance, part of the popular N'Guess Bon Sens, Savane Alla, Kolouba Nobert, Religious music of Emi Tiapo dance music of Meiway.

Durán was the first theorist to publish a musical treatise in Castilian (Lux Bella, 1492),Vogel (1982) p. 51. Durán's Súmula de Canto de Organo.(c. 1507) "ranks not only as the earliest Spanish-language treatise entirely devoted to polyphony, but also as the finest treatment published before Juan Bermudo's epochal Declaration de instruments (1555)." Stevenson p. 69.

The Ars lunga piano-cello duo achieved international fame since its foundation in 2009 in Yerevan. Armenian religious music remained liturgical until Komitas introduced polyphony by the end of the 19th century. Starting from the late 1950s, religious music became widely spread when Armenian chants (also known as sharakans) were performed by the soprano Lusine Zakaryan.

In 1979, Land enrolled in the music program at Harvard University, where he concentrated on electronic music. He also rekindled his interest in classical music, particularly that of Ludwig van Beethoven. After graduation, he entered Mills College in Oakland, California to further study electronic music. He broadened his study to Renaissance polyphony, and he also studied computer programming.

Zuhlsdorf was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, in 1959. As a young man he studied at the University of Minnesota. Formerly a Lutheran, he says his conversion to Catholicism was set into motion after hearing a piece of sacred polyphony on the radio. He was ordained a priest in Rome by Pope John Paul II on May 26, 1991.

The score of Tristan und Isolde has often been cited as a landmark in the development of Western music.Rose, John Luke. "A Landmark in Musical History" in Wagner 1981, p. 15. Throughout the opera, Wagner uses a remarkable range of orchestral colour, harmony, and polyphony, doing so with a freedom rarely found in his earlier operas.

New York: Norton, 1977. Page 142. The text was frequently troped, especially by adding text between the two words, or using the melody as the cantus firmus for an organum. The use of this chant as a tenor was common in the St. Martial and Notre Dame schools of polyphony, including a dozen settings in the Magnus Liber Organi.

Citation on pp. 14–15. As polyphony became more complex, notes other than B required alteration to avoid undesirable harmonic or melodic intervals (especially the augmented fourth, or tritone, that music theory writers referred to as diabolus in musica, i.e., "the devil in music"). Nowadays "ficta" is used loosely to describe any such un-notated accidentals.

It is suggested by scholars such as Grout, that Léonin used this non-melismatic style in order to mirror the grandeur of Notre Dame Cathedral itself. Current research suggests that the word 'discantus' was formed with the intention of providing a separate term for a newly developed type of polyphony. If true, then it is ironic that the newer term, "discantus", ended up being applied to the older note-against-note style, while the older word "organum" was transferred to the more innovative style of florid-against-sustained-note polyphony. This may have been partly because the 12th century was an era that believed in progress, so that the more familiar "organum" was kept for the style then considered to be the most up-to-date.Rudolf Flotzinger, "Organum, §6: ‘Organum’ and ‘Discant’: New Terminology".

As a world leading racing simulation developer shipping more than 50 million copies since 1998 Polyphony Digital had collaborated with real life Japanese performance parts makers and tuners, mainly related to Nissan, since January 2002. Notable collaborations include aero parts development for the Nismo Fairlady Z s-tune (2002), Nismo Skyline Coupé (2004), Amuse S2000 Street Version (2003), Nismo Fairlady Z (2005), Opera Performance's Carmate Opera Z (2005) Tokyo Auto Salon show car. Polyphony Digital also did exterior design for the Amuse S2000 GT1 (2005) and artwork design for the Formula Nippon racing team Impul racer (2006).Notable Gran Turismo collaborations - SWF version Notable Gran Turismo collaborations - PDF version Most of these cars had their virtual counterpart featured in the Gran Turismo games as "Concept by Gran Turismo".

The FIA-Certified Gran Turismo Championships (also referred to as the FIA GTC) is a series of professional Gran Turismo Sport world championship esports tournaments, managed directly by Japanese game development studio Polyphony Digital and by France-based international motorsport governing body FIA. The series uses Polyphony Digital's latest racing game Gran Turismo Sport, and the championship contains two series that are held concurrently throughout the year: the Nations Cup (entrants from their respective countries will represent them) and the Manufacturers Series (entrants will race for and represent their chosen manufacturer). The winners of each series are given a TAG Heuer watch, and a glass plaque, and are also honoured at the FIA Prize Giving Ceremony. All virtual races in the tournament take place in specified locations all around the globe.

He participated on international juries for acousmatic composition competitions in France and abroad. Two distinct esthetic periods characterized his work. During the first, from 1977 to 1987, he placed an emphasis on the ties unifying acousmatic music and painting, ties arising from the use of a common permanent working surface which permitted the painter to directly place his colors on the canvas in the way the composer immediately captures sonorities on 'magnetic tape'. He expressed this analogy and attempted to explore its ramifications in virtually all the works of this period (Métamorphose d’un jaune citron, 1978, Bleus et formes, 1981...). In the second period, from 1987 to the present, following upon this initial preoccupation, he presented the idea of a ‘spatial polyphony’ (a ‘polyphony’ of spaces and not uniquely of sounds).

Gran Turismo 4 is a 2004 racing video game for the PlayStation 2, the fourth installment in the main Gran Turismo series and the sixth for the overall series. It was developed by Polyphony Digital and published by Sony Computer Entertainment and was released on December 28, 2004 in Japan and Hong Kong, February 22, 2005 in North America, and March 9, 2005 in Europe, and has since been re-issued under Sony's 'Greatest Hits' line. Originally planned for a 2003 release, Gran Turismo 4 was delayed for over a year and a half by Polyphony Digital, and had its online mode removed. The game features over 700 cars from 80 manufacturers, from as early as the 1886 Daimler Motor Carriage, and as far into the future as concepts for 2022.

Albanian polyphonic traditional music is thought to have been composed in its beginnings of only two melodic lines: the taker and the turner. The turner likely played initially a non-specific melodic role, a style that can still be found in the two-voiced polyphonic singing of the women in Gjirokastër. It is thought that over time the turner have gradually become more precisely defined melodically; the tradition of two-voiced (taker and turner) in which the turner plays a clearly defined melodic role is found today among the men of Dukat. The next melodic line to evolve into Albanian traditional polyphony is thought to have been the drone, which seems to have adapted naturally to the two previous melodic lines, giving rise to the three-voiced polyphony.

Lydia Kakabadse (born 1955) is a British composer of vocal, choral and chamber music. Her musical style is tonal and modal with influences from chant and early polyphony, Orthodox liturgical music and other non-western music. It also incorporates the Arabic scale with traditional Western harmonies. Her choral piece Odyssey was commissioned by the Hellenic Institute of Royal Holloway, University of London.

The JV-1080 features a 64-Voice Polyphony, as well as 16-part Multi-timbral capabilities. From the factory, the JV-1080 comes with hundreds of patches, and several rhythm kits (8 megabytes total). It can be expanded with up to 4 SR-JV80 expansion cards, as well as a PCM and Data card, to provide up to 42 megabytes.

A talented poet, Demetrius also continued his father's contributions to Georgia's religious polyphony. The most famous of his hymns is Thou Art a Vineyard. Demetrius was succeeded by his son George III in 1156, beginning a stage of more offensive foreign policy. The same year he ascended to the throne, George launched a successful campaign against the Seljuq sultanate of Ahlat.

Paul O. Miles (born May 2, 1967 in Austin, Texas) is an American short story writer of slipstream fiction, noted for his pastiches. Miles is perhaps best known for the pulp adventures of the Communist action hero Red Poppy. His writings have appeared in Plot, RevolutionSF, The Big Bigfoot Book, Polyphony 5, and Cross Plains Universe. Miles lives in Austin, Texas.

Eckehard Kiem (12 September 1950 in Berka vor dem Hainich – 29 December 2012Klassik: Fragender Musiker – badische-zeitung.de 3 January 2013) was a German music theorist, university professor and composer. In his major fields of study he concentrated - in addition to a practical and analytical examination of vocal polyphony in Renaissance music, above all on the work and life of Richard Wagner.

The Contenance angloise, or English manner, is a distinctive style of polyphony developed in fifteenth-century England which uses full, rich harmonies based on the third and sixth. It was highly influential in the fashionable Burgundian court of Philip the Good, and on European music of the era. Its leading proponent was John Dunstaple, followed by Walter Frye and John Hothby.

In such songs the principle of the fourth diatonic scale is working above the pedal drone, and the system of the fifth diatonic is working under the pedal drone.Vladimer Gogotishvili. 2003. On Some Characteristics of Mode- Intonational Scales in Kartli-Kakhetian Long Table Songs. In: Materials of the First International Symposium on Traditional Polyphony, edited by Rusudan Tsurtsumia and Joseph Jordania. pp.

Their work is noted for its fusion of polyphony and psychedelic music with folk, classical and improvisational elements. Their first album was released in 2016. Their song 'Trilogija' was 'Song of the Day' on KEXP Radio from Seattle in March, 2017. The band released the second album 'I Can Be a Clay Snapper' on September 8, 2017 on German label tak:til.

The AX-60 is bitimbral with 6 voice polyphony. The keyboard can be "split" to play two patches independently. The assignment of voices to each split side can be 0-6, 2-4, 4-2, or 6-0. Splits where no voices can be used for half of the keyboard are useful when the AX-60 is expanded with an Akai sampler.

Therefore, even though the violin family of instruments are misleadingly considered (when bowing) by general untrained musicians to be primarily monophonic, it can be polyphony by both pizzicato (plucking) and bowing techniques for standard trained soloists and orchestra players. The evidence can be seen in compositions since the 17th century such as Bach sonatas and partitas for unaccompaniment solo violin.

As Nectoux puts it, "where Auber, Halévy and especially Meyerbeer had reigned supreme ... it was now possible to sing an aria by Rameau or even some Wagner – up to now a forbidden name within the Conservatoire's walls".Nectoux (1991), p. 269 The curriculum was broadened to range from Renaissance polyphony to the works of Debussy. Fauré's new position left him better off financially.

The Wodaabe Gerewol festival is one example of this repeating, hypnotic and percussive choral tradition. The Beriberi too are known for complex polyphony singing. To get an overall understanding of traditional music and instruments in Niger visit the traditional instrument museum at the CFPM Taya in Niamey. An amazing collection of drums, string instruments and flutes from all tribes in Niger.

The orchestral work was recorded along with other music by Sibelius, including Snöfrid, the Cantata for the Coronation of Nicholas II, Oma maa (My country) and Andante Festivo. On volume 54 of a complete Sibelius Edition by BIS, Osmo Vänskä conducts the Lahti Symphony Orchestra. A review notes the works "ethereal polyphony" and compares it to the melancholy of the Sixth Symphony.

Beech also makes the observation that the important tones of both melodies outline descending tetrachords, evidence of the influence of Bartók, who often used fourths as a structural element in melodies.Beech, 32. After a final restatement of the phrygian melody in polyphony, the movement ends with a restatement of the opening pizzicato glissando motif arriving finally on a Picardy third.

In the second verse, marked "andante", the tune appears in a three-part canon in soprano, oboes and first violin. The third verse returns to B minor. It has the tune in the soprano with polyphony in the lower voices and the instruments. The oboes play a syncopated independent role, while the strings support the voices, and the oboes in the interludes.

The novel uses a complicated polyphony of voices from different perspectives and narrators. Initially offered by Dostoyevsky to the liberal-leaning magazine Fatherland Notes, the novel was published in the almanac, St. Petersburg Collection, on January 15, 1846. It became a huge success nationwide. Parts of it were translated into German by Wilhelm Wolfsohn and published in an 1846/1847 magazine.

In 1972, PAiA released the 2700 modular synthesizer series, which used push-buttons in lieu of a keyboard. A version with a keyboard, the 2720, was later released. The next modular series, the 4700s, featured an improved, quieter design. The P4700J series was computer controlled (using a MOS 6503 processor) that allowed polyphony for the first time on a PAiA modular synthesizer.

Carleton Sprague Smith and William Dinneen. "Recent Work on Music in the Renaissance", Modern Philology, Vol. 42, No. 1 (1944), in JSTOR p 45. What is undeniable is that despite any solid evidence of his influence during or after the Council of Trent, no figure is more qualified to represent the cause of polyphony in the Mass than Palestrina.Manzetti. 332.

Many early analog synthesizers were monophonic, producing only one tone at a time. Popular monophonic synthesizers include the Moog Minimoog. A few, such as the Moog Sonic Six, ARP Odyssey and EML 101, could produce two different pitches at a time when two keys were pressed. Polyphony (multiple simultaneous tones, which enables chords) was only obtainable with electronic organ designs at first.

As well as standard 6-voice polyphony, a chord memory can be engaged, memorising any chord voicing held down while pressing the Chord Memory button. This chord is then replicated, its lowest note matching any note played on the keyboard. A hold function works in either Poly or Chord mode, with a dedicated input jack for a release foot pedal.

AWE64 has support for greater polyphony than the AWE32. Unfortunately, these additional voices are achieved via software-based processing on the system CPU. The technology, called WaveGuide, synthesizes the instrument sounds rather than using stored instrument patches like the hardware voices. This not only demands more processing power from the host system, but also is not of equal quality to available SoundFonts.

Carstensen also played with Dutch cello player Ernst Reijseger. They work as a duo, playing only self-written stuff in various improvisational folk styles. He has studied Bulgarian polyphony in Bulgaria, and rural American Afro-Celtic music in the Appalachians, on a fee from the Norwegian cultural department. He is currently on a two-year state fee to study Bulgarian traditional music.

He died in Montreal in 2005 at the age of 90. That year an album of recordings of his compositions, including his 1950 "Violin Concerto" and 1957 "Arabesque for cello and orchestra", with soloists Angèle Dubeau and Denis Brott. Also included were "Seven Minuets and Six Canons" (1971) and "Paraphrase in Polyphony" (1967)."Alexander Brott was a composer to contend with".

Many of their recordings have been Gramophone editor's choice. Including many talented musicians such as Tom Williams (English counter tenor), Polyphony have performed many times in the BBC Proms and performed works by John Tavener on his 60th Birthday in the Barbican as part of its Great Performers series. They have also premiered and released prominent recordings of the music of Arvo Pärt.

The Obikhod (Обиход церковного пения) is a collection of polyphonic Russian Orthodox liturgical chants forming a major tradition of Russian liturgical music; it includes both liturgical texts and psalm settings. The original Obikhod, the book of rites of the monastery of Volokolamsk, was composed about 1575. Among its subjects were traditional liturgical chants. The Obikhod was originally monodic but later developed polyphony.

Ileana Ortiz is a soprano born in Mexico City in 1988. She first studied with Rita Guerrero, who introduced her to Baroque and Ancient music. She is now student of Claire Lefilliâtre, Guillemette Laurens and Sharon Coste (in Bordeaux Conservatory of Music). She has also worked with the specialists in plain chant and polyphony, Jean-Christophe Candau and Marcel Pérès.

Ailem Carvajal has worked as professor of harmony, polyphony and orchestration at the Amadeo Roldán Conservatory and the Instituto Superior de Arte (Havana). Carvajal is the founder and director of the organization Musicalia Children, established in 1999 and dedicated to the musical education of children and youth, as well as to the promotion of the hispanic children music in presentations and concerts.

A minor upgrade to the original SC-55, the Roland SC-55mkII has increased polyphony (28 voices), more patches, raising the total number to 354 instruments and extended, and improved audio-circuitry in the form of 18-bit audio (versus 16-bit in the original SC 55.) The SC-55mkII added a serial port as an alternative interface to the MPU-401.

Although he was a polemicist for the Catholic faith, he maintained his ministry through the reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI and Queen Mary, and was brother-in-law and executor of Stephen Vaughan (a supporter of the English Reformation). He is principally remembered, with Thomas Tallis and others, as one of the leading exponents of early Tudor period polyphony.

Nielsen listened in 1928 to a concert of a cappella Renaissance polyphony conducted by Mogens Wöldike. The conductor asked Nielsen, his former teacher, to compose something for the group, and made suggestions for texts. Instead, Nielsen and his wife Anne-Marie selected sections from different psalms. Nielsen composed the works from April to August 1929 while studying vocal polyphonic music by Renaissance composers.

Hoger (; died 906) was the abbot of Werden and Saint Ludger in Helmstedt from 898 until 902. From Duke Otto I of Saxony, he acquired the field in the Herzfeld where the body of Saint Ida was buried. He has also been tentatively assigned the authorship of the Musica enchiriadis, the first musical treatise on polyphony in the Western tradition.

Some of the most prominent beaches along the coastline are Dhërmi, Himara, Qeparo, Borsh, Lukovë, Vuno and Ksamil. The Albanian Ionian Sea Coast is known for its diverse landscapes, unique traditions, and its influence on Albanian culture. It is regarded as the birthplace of the Albanian iso-polyphony which was recognised as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.

The narration can be used to "create a culture of submission". The critical feminist prospective focuses on gender differences, revealing how they are created, nurtured, conveyed and challenged by narratives. The postmodern perspective, which is the most recent and controversial, sees society and organization as fragmented. It places textuality at the center of the researcher's approach, and promotes the polyphony of speech.

However, unlike the polyphony of New Orleans jazz, the instrumentation parallels Waters' aggressive vocal approach and reinforces the lyrics. The players' use of amplification, pushed to the point of distortion, is a key feature of Chicago blues and another rock precedent. In particular, Little Walters' overdriven saxophone-like harmonica playing weaves in and out of the vocal lines, which heightens the drama.

The "X" in OB-X originally stood for the number of voice- cards (notes of polyphony) installed. It came in four, six, and eight-voice models with polyphonic portamento, and sample and hold. Even the 4-voice model was expensive at US$4,595. The entire range used "paddle" levers for pitch and modulation, Oberheim's answer to the "wheel" controls of the Prophet-5.

Latin plainsong was also widespread in the region at this early period, especially after the incororation of Slovakia into the Kingdom of Hungary in 1218. Early codices include the 'Nitra Gospels' of c. 1100, and the 'Pray codex' (c. 1195). From the 15th to the 17th centuries, polyphony was practised and developed at many urban centres, including Bratislava, Bardejov, Levoča and Kežmarok.

The Driving Force GT was released on December 13, 2007. Developed in conjunction with Polyphony Digital, first introduced at the 2007 Tokyo Game Show and intended for use with Gran Turismo 5 Prologue, Gran Turismo 5 and all PlayStation 3 auto racing games, the Driving Force GT is the fifth entry in the company's Driving Force series of game controllers.

The name "Vision Gran Turismo" was originally used for a Gran Turismo HD trailer in 2006. In 2013, to commemorate the 15th anniversary of the series, Polyphony Digital announced "Vision Gran Turismo", a special project featuring concept cars designed for the game by top automobile companies, as well as sportswear brands Air Jordan and Nike and coachbuilders such as Zagato.

The Yamaha DX9 is a spin off synthesizer of the family of the DX7 built by Yamaha. It uses FM synthesis and has 16 note polyphony; however, it only has four FM operators for sound generation compared with six on the DX7. It is the least complex of the DX range of synthesizers and has only 20 on board memory locations.

Of the eleven extant motets, ten are scored for two four-part choruses. Most of this music is harmonically simple and makes little use of complex polyphony (indeed, the polyphonic passages frequently feature reduction of parts). The texts are taken from the psalms, except in Nun danket alle Gott which uses a short passage from Ecclesiastes. The motets are structured according to the text they use.

Lithuanian folk music belongs to Baltic music branch which is connected with neolithic corded ware culture. Two instrument cultures meet in the areas inhabited by Lithuanians: stringed (kanklių) and wind instrument cultures. Lithuanian folk music is archaic, mostly used for ritual purposes, containing elements of paganism faith. There are three ancient styles of singing in Lithuania connected with ethnographical regions: monophony, heterophony and polyphony.

Melodies are based on a continuous drone and are almost always diatonic. Over time, alalas have adapted to include choral polyphony which has added harmony and rhythms (most typically in 2/4 or 3/4 time) to the tradition. A distinct feature of alalas is that the first cadence is also the last. They end in an enlarged coda that fades into a sustained and undefined sound.

Gaffurius wrote masses, motets, settings of the Magnificat, and hymns, mainly during his Milan years. Some of the motets were written for ceremonial occasions for his ducal employer; many of the masses show the influence of Josquin, and all are in flowing Netherlandish polyphony, though with an admixture of Italian lightness and melody. His music was collected in four codices under his own direction.

Some debate occurred over whether polyphony should be banned outright in worship, and some of the auxiliary publications by attendants of the Council caution against both of these problems. However, none of the official proclamations from the Council mentions polyphonic music, excepting one injunction against the use of music that is, in the words of the Council, "lascivious or impure".Monson, Craig. "The Council of Trent Revisited".

Pandemonio Folk Band. Left to right: Christophe Schmuziger, Marco Giai-Levra, Giacomo Cerra, Vittorino Gaio, Riccardo Scharf Pandemonio is a Lombardian folk band. Since the year 2000 they have been recovering and rearranging traditional Italian folk songs with elements from other sonorous worlds such as bluegrass, country and Irish music. The sound is based on acoustic guitars, mandolin, flutes and the bowed psaltery colored with polyphony voices.

A centre for the study of European traditional polyphony was established at Vienna University in 2005, and the study group on multipart music of ICTM was established in 2009 and organized a conference in Sardinia, Italy in 2010. The earliest international organization to dedicate its activity entirely to study of traditional choral singing was Polifonies Vivante, organized in France during the 1991-1994 by Simha Arom.

Belli's output of sacred music was impressive. He wrote numerous masses, many with basso continuo, showing his familiarity with contemporary practice. He also wrote psalm settings, and "sacred concertos" in the concertato style -- one of the most distinctive forms of the Italian early Baroque. His earlier music is mostly in the Palestrina style of balanced polyphony, though he used polychoral techniques, in keeping with northern Italian practice.

The last movement starts with an imposing Choral in that suggests a four-voice polyphony. It is characterized by carillon-like sonorities that are created by the overlapping of low and high sustained notes. It is followed by 4 variations (Vivace - Un poco più vivo - Calmo - Prestissimo). Variation II features an early example of "fan-shaped phrases", a device Dutilleux would use frequently in his later works.

Skinner, 1993. Music scholar David Skinner has called Ludford "one of the last unsung geniuses of Tudor polyphony".Skinner, 1993. In his Oxford History of English Music, John Caldwell observes of Ludford's six-part Mass and Magnificat Benedicta that it "is more a matter of astonishment that such mastery should be displayed by a composer of whom virtually nothing was known until modern times".Caldwell, p. 219.

"Rhythm – Language – Music: Thrasybulos G. Georgiades and his work", Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München News, media release, 1 October 2012. In June 1935 he obtained his PhD in Munich, under the supervision of , with a thesis on the development of polyphony in the Middle Ages. In 1936 he married harpsichordist Anna Barbara Speckner. In 1938, Georgiades became professor at the Athens Conservatoire, and its director the following year.

It featured 6-voice polyphony, one voice per string and 2 oscillators per voice. Each pair of VCOs were harmonically locked to each string but could be tuned separately to play different pitches. The GR-300 also featured a VCF with variable lengthsweep up and down, and an LFO. Each string had an enable-disable switch as well as a string sensitivity switch (basically audio compression).

Gran Turismo 5 Prologue (グランツーリスモ5 プロローグ, Guran Tsūrisumo 5 Purorōgu) is a racing video game developed by Polyphony Digital and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 3. Gran Turismo 5 Prologue is a precursor to Gran Turismo 5. The game has sold 5.09 million copies worldwide, making it the second highest-selling PlayStation 3 exclusive title after its successor, Gran Turismo 5.

This was an event held in October by Polyphony Digital to celebrate ten years of Gran Turismo. The main attraction in the show was Gran Turismo 5 Prologue running at a resolution of 3840x2160. The game normally runs at 60 FPS and 1920x1080 resolution. The game needed four PlayStation 3 consoles to run, and it was projected onto a screen using an expensive Sony projector.

The Reformation saw a complete transformation of religious observance. In the place of the many holy days and festivals of the Catholic Church and the occasional observance of the Mass, the single surviving holy day was Sunday and regular attendance and participation was required of the laity. Latin was abandoned in favour of the vernacular. Congregational psalm singing replaced the elaborate polyphony of trained choirs.

First Lithuanian song written down along with melody by Lithuanian engineer Fryderyk Getkant (Fridrichas - Bridžius Gedkantas) in 1634. There are three ancient styles of singing in Lithuania connected with ethnographical regions: monophony, multi-voiced homophony, heterophony and polyphony. Monophony mostly occurs in southern (Dzūkija), southwest (Suvalkija) and eastern (Aukštaitija) parts of Lithuania. Multi-voiced homophony, widespread in entire Lithuania, is the most archaic in Samogitia.

E-mu Proteus 2000 (1998/1999) The Proteus 2000 released in 1999 was a 1U rack sound module based on Audity 2000 released in 1998. It contained many "bread and butter" sounds, among just over a thousand waves utilising 32 megabytes of ROM. It featured up to 128 voice polyphony and 32-part multi-timbrality. It could be expanded with slots for three additional sound ROM cards.

In Debussy he admired the manner of representing "the lovely breathing of nature" in his music. The topic material is arranged uncomplicated and based to a large extent on folk songs or folk song-like melodies. Myaskovsky used rich polyphony, but nevertheless the music remains always transparent. Some melodies and motives are, further, heard throughout the entire piece, more so than in Myaskovsky's earlier symphonies.

London: Macmillan, 2001. It consists of nineteen chapters; the first nine are devoted to notation, modes, and monophonic plainchant. Chapters 10-18 deal with polyphonic music. The author here shows how consonant intervals should be used to compose or improvise the type of early-medieval polyphonic music called organum, an early style of note-against-note polyphony several examples of which are included in the treatise.

The musicologist Bruno Turner considers that Salazar "represents the last of the truly conservative Hispanic composers before the all-conquering Italian style took Spain and its Empire by storm".Turner, Bruno. Essay in booklet to Masterpieces of Mexican Polyphony (Hyperion CDH55317). 1990 Salazar also composed lighter pieces including Christmas villancicos, including several in the negrillo genre imitating the dialects and dances of African slaves.

Daulne couldn't work as a solo artist. "I saw in Zaire that I have to mix with other people, because with me alone, the polyphony is not there," says Daulne. "I knew there must be singers in the world I could mix with, and I found them." Daulne auditioned scores of female singers looking for the right combination of voices for an a cappella ensemble.

According to Yakubovich, Dostoyevsky uses Poor Folk as his diary. However, as an external narrator is missing the only source for the character's motivation and personality is available in the letters and Dobroselova's diary. The numerous different voices, that is Devushkin's quotations from stories, his commentaries about these books and his own works, is an example of polyphony. These effects confuse the reader and hide the narrator.

Sound design was one aspect that Yamauchi believed was compromised due to a lack of time. Although Kazunori considered the game's artificial intelligence to be superior to its competitors, he remained unsatisfied with its development. Gran Turismo was the first game designed to fully support the PlayStation's DualShock controller. When Gran Turismo was released in Japan, Polyphony Digital was still a development group within Sony Computer Entertainment.

26), 2018, . and the transdisciplinary principle of polyphony in the Italian history of music (Polifonia musicale, 2020).Dagmar Reichardt (Ed.): Polifonia musicale. Le tante vie delle melodie italiane in un mondo transculturale, edited and with a preface by Dagmar Reichardt, Domenica Elisa Cicala, Donatella Brioschi and Mariella Martini-Merschmann(Ed.), presenting an interview with the Sicilian- German singer-songwriter Etta Scollo, Firenze: Franco Cesati Editore, (Civiltà italiana.

The Clavia Nord Lead 2 was launched two years after the production of the original Nord Lead. It updated the polyphony from four to 16 voices. Also added were a ring modulator, OSC 1 sync-able with the white noise generator, Sine waveform added for OSC 1, increased LFO and arpeggiator waveforms and patterns, distortion and 4 individual outputs. Patch storage was also increased.

Simonton founded the company in Oklahoma City in 1967 and began offering various small electronics kits through mail order. The first kit was a circuit board for the "Cyclops Intrusion Detector" for an article in the May 1968 issue of Popular Electronics. Starting in 1972 PAiA began producing analog synthesizer kits, in both modular and all-in-one form. PAiA began publishing Polyphony Magazine in 1975.

Since inception they have toured a variety of countries. Of particular importance is the choir's work in researching and performing Bohemian plainchant and early polyphony. The choir has between six and nine members with a repertoire of various sacred music. They have toured many countries, including Japan, Israel, Norway, Sweden, Italy, Spain, France, Germany, Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Slovakia, Hungary and Poland.

The Schola Cantorum has eight singers and singes a wide range of sacred music including plainchant, renaissance polyphony and modern compositions. In addition, there is a mixed-ability cathedral choir. A new organ was installed in 2008, built by Matthey Copley and having 4,000 pipes. The Director of Music is Michael Ferguson, who also teaches at the University of St Andrews and is a composer.

The first recording of ' is part of Pärt: Triodion & other choral works, performed by Polyphony, conducted by Stephen Layton, and published by Hyperion. It was recorded in 2003 in the presence of the composer at London's Temple Church. ' is part of a collection of music by Pärt titled ', performed by the Estonian Philharmonic Chamber Choir, conducted by Paul Hillier, with organist Christopher Bowers-Broadbent.

Some are monophonic, while others are set in two to four parts of usually non-imitative polyphony. The monodic songs can be sung as two- or threefold canons. The relative simplicity, the dance rhythm, and the strong melodies of the songs have given the music collected in the Red Book a lasting appeal, and these songs are some of the most frequently recorded pieces of early music.

Each region has a unique musical tradition that reflects its history, language and culture. Polyphonic singing and song forms are primarily found in South Albania, while in the North they are predominantly monophonic. Albanian iso-polyphony has been declared an UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. The Gjirokastër National Folklore Festival, held every five years in Gjirokastër, is an important venue exhibiting traditional Albanian music.

The studio is best known for its Gran Turismo racing game series. Led by Kazunori Yamauchi, Gran Turismo became the most successful racing series for the PlayStation, PlayStation 2 and PlayStation 3. The Gran Turismo series is designed to be a realistic driving simulator, offering realistic driving physics. In 2006, Polyphony released Tourist Trophy, in an attempt to bring the realism of Gran Turismo to motorcycle racing.

"It's really about the logic of how video games work and their menu systems – which anyone can use – and then applying it to the car." Seiichi Ikiuo from Polyphony Digital encoded and decoded the movies for various SCEI games, such as The Legend of Dragoon, Everybody's Golf 2 and the Japanese versions of Roll Away and the original Crash Bandicoot games for the PS1.

The motets remain some of the finest examples of chant-based Renaissance polyphony in existence. Isaac composed a 6-voice motet Angeli Archangeli for the Feast of All Saint’s Day, honoring angels, archangels, and all other saints.Angels, Archangels, and a Woman in Distress: The Meaning of Isaac’s Angeli archangeli. The journal of musicology: A quarterly review of music history, criticism, analysis, and performance practice.

He was the son of the Soviet writer Mikhail Slonimsky and nephew of the Russian-American composer Nicolas Slonimsky. He studied at the Musical College in Moscow from 1943 until 1950. From 1950 Slonimsky was at the Leningrad Conservatory. He studied composition under Boris Arapov, Vissarion Shebalin and Orest Yevlakhov, polyphony under Nicolai Uspensky and piano under Anna Artobolevskaya, Samari Savshinsky and Vladimir Nielsen.

The XP-80 has a 76-key semi-weighted keyboard. A smaller 61-key variant, the XP-60 was introduced shortly afterward. The synthesis engine is capable of 64-voice polyphony and 16-part multi-timbrality. The XP-80 includes the 128 General MIDI instrument set, as well as 384 additional preset instruments ("patches" in Roland parlance), for a total of 512 preset patches.

The manuscript in which it is preserved was copied between 1261 and 1264 . This rota is the oldest known musical composition featuring six- part polyphony . It is sometimes called the Reading Rota because the earliest known copy of the composition, a manuscript written in mensural notation, was found at Reading Abbey; it was probably not drafted there, however . The British Library now retains this manuscript .

The first accounts of this textural development were found in two anonymous yet widely circulated treatises on music, the Musica and the Scolica enchiriadis. These texts are dated to sometime within the last half of the ninth century. The treatises describe a technique that seemed already to be well established in practice. This early polyphony is based on three simple and three compound intervals.

The first recording of is part of Pärt: Triodion & other choral works, performed by Polyphony, conducted by Stephen Layton, and published by Hyperion. It was recorded in 2003 in the presence of the composer at London's Temple Church. is part of a collection of music by Pärt titled ', performed by the Estonian Philharmonic Chamber Choir, conducted by Paul Hillier, with organist Christopher Bowers-Broadbent.

She asks the Daughters of Jerusalem about her lover and they reply. The polyphony symbolises the crowd, as well as expressing the Lover as an individual. Palestrina was restricted by the musical practices of his day. It was common for him and his contemporaries to overcome this obstacle by creating very long pieces that can be divided into shorter works, each clearly distinguishable by their episodic character.

In 1995, Clavia released the Nord Lead. Called "a magic piece of electronics" by Sound on Sound it popularized the virtual analog type of synthesis. In 1997 the Nord Lead 2 was released, with many improvements, including increasing polyphony from 4 to 16 notes. The Nord Lead 3 was released in 2001, with a reworked sound engine, better D/A converters and monophonic aftertouch.

Olympia, a famous music hall In the late 12th century, a school of polyphony was established at Notre-Dame. Among the Trouvères of northern France, a group of Parisian aristocrats became known for their poetry and songs. Troubadours, from the south of France, were also popular. During the reign of François I, in the Renaissance era, the lute became popular in the French court.

The first vocal movement is a choral motet on the psalm verse "" (I had much trouble in my heart). The music has two contrasting sections, following the contrast of the psalm verse which continues "" (but your consolations revive my soul). The word "" (I) is repeated several times, followed by a fugal section. A homophonic setting of (but) leads to the second section, in free polyphony, marked .

He played oboe and trumpet, while studying piano and harmony. In the 1930s, Dungu gained a reputation as a piano accompanist for urban lyric song, reaching a height around the end of the decade. In 1940, Dungu published Lyra Shqiptare (Albanian Lyra),"The Origin of Albanian Folk Iso-polyphony" by Vasil S. Tole, worldmusiccentral.org, December 28, 2004 the first collection of 50 folk melodies.

Tacet is Latin which translates literally into English as "(it) is silent" (pronounced: , , or ). It is a musical term to indicate that an instrument or voice does not sound, also known as a rest. In vocal polyphony and in orchestral scores, it usually indicates a long period of time, typically an entire movement. In more modern music such as jazz, tacet tends to mark considerably shorter breaks.

The Roland SC-55 (Sound Canvas) is a GS MIDI sound module released in 1991 by Roland. The SC-55 was the first sound module to incorporate the new General MIDI standard. It was the first in the Roland Sound Canvas series. The SC-55 used both PCM and a cut-down version of the LA synthesis engine, to support 24-voice polyphony with 16-part multitimbrality.

Romero was one of the most appreciated composers of his time; he was known as "El Maestro Capitan". His service extended over the threshold of two musical eras, the Renaissance and Baroque. Although he was not part of the polyphonic school of the great Franco-Flemish school,Ignace Bossuyt Flemish polyphony 1994 p150 he played an important role in the introduction of Italian stile moderno in Spain.

Most video game publishers maintain development studios (such as Electronic Arts's EA Canada, Square Enix's studios, Activision's Radical Entertainment, Nintendo EAD and Sony's Polyphony Digital and Naughty Dog). However, since publishing is still their primary activity they are generally described as "publishers" rather than "developers". Developers may be private as well (such as how Bungie was, the company which developed the Halo series exclusive to Microsoft's Xbox).

Nino Janjgava studied composition with Aleksandre Machavariani, orchestration with Sulkhan Tsintsadze and polyphony with Archil Chimakadze at Tbilisi Conservatory, where she graduated in 1988. She had postgraduate studies in composition with Sulkhan Tsintsadze from 1988–90. Her composition Three Poems by Jarji Pkhoveli was awarded the 3rd Prize in Moscow's International Competition in 1986. She has been a member of the Georgian Composers Union since 1990.

Chakrulo (, transliterated: chak'rulo) is a Georgian polyphonic choral folk song. It is a three-part drinking song from the region of Kakheti, dramatising preparations for a battle. It is characterized by two highly ornamented individual vocal parts, against a slow moving drone chorus. When Georgian vocal polyphony was recognized by UNESCO as an Intangible Heritage masterpiece in 2001, Chakrulo was cited as a prime example of this.

The top 32 drivers were then invited to a live GT5 National Finals, with the 16 leading players taken to the GT Academy Boot Camp. The second round of the competition was scrapped due to the widespread use of cheating. Sony and Polyphony Digital have confirmed that the Gran Turismo 5 Academy events would be available for European players to participate in from March 4, 2011.

Manuel Mendes (or Manoel Mendes; c. 1547 – 24 September 1605) was a Portuguese composer and teacher of the Renaissance. While his music remains obscure, he was important as the teacher of several of the composers of the golden age of Portuguese polyphony, including Duarte Lobo and Manuel Cardoso. He was born in Lisbon, and studied music with Cosme Delgado in Évora as a youth.

These dainos are performed either solo, or in groups, and in parallel chords or unison. There are three ancient styles of singing in Lithuania connected with ethnographical regions: monophony, multi-voiced homophony, heterophony and polyphony. Monophony mostly occurs in southern (Dzūkija), southwest (Suvalkija) and eastern (Aukštaitija) parts of Lithuania. Multi-voiced homophony is widespread in the entire Lithuania; it is most archaic in the western part (Samogitia).

In an extended foreword he explains not only the history of the guitar as an artistic solo performance instrument, but also presents a new way of notating polyphony and a modern compositional approach, which were eagerly taken up by his contemporaries and successors.Hindrichs (2004), as above, and other writers such as Zuth (1920; see Bibliography), and Konrad Ragossnig: Handbuch der Gitarre und Laute (Mainz, 1978), p. 75.

Joseph Jordania (born February 12, 1954 and also known under the misspelling of Joseph Zhordania) is an Australian–Georgian ethnomusicologist and evolutionary musicologist and professor. He is an Honorary Fellow of the Melbourne Conservatorium of Music at the University of Melbourne and the Head of the Foreign Department of the International Research Centre for Traditional Polyphony at Tbilisi State Conservatory. Jordania is known for his model of the origins of human choral singing in the wide context of human evolution and was one of founders of the International Research Centre for Traditional Polyphony in Georgia. Jordania’s academic interests include study of worldwide distribution of choral polyphonic traditions, origins of choral singing, origins of rhythm, origins of human morphology and behaviour, cross-cultural prevalence of stuttering, dyslexia and acquisition of phonological system in children, study of the cognitive threshold between animal and human cognitive abilities.

Brant's spatial experiments convinced him that space exerts specific influences on harmony, polyphony, texture and timbre. He regarded space as music's "fourth dimension," (after pitch, time and timbre). Brant experimented with new combinations of acoustic timbres, even creating entire works for instrumental family groups of a single timbre: Orbits for 80 trombones, organ and sopranino voice, Ghosts & Gargoyles for 9 flutes, and others for multiple trumpets and guitars.

The Roland RS-202 was a polyphonic string synthesizer, introduced by Roland in 1976. It was the successor to the Roland RS-101, released in 1975. The synthesizer operated using sawtooth wave oscillators, which used a frequency divider in a similar manner to an electronic organ to provide full polyphony across a five-octave keyboard. The signal was then fed through a single envelope shaper, making the instrument paraphonic.

The Vision Gran Turismo is featured in the Polyphony Digital game Gran Turismo Sport as a Group X car (category made for Vision Gran Turismo cars and cars that do not fit into any other of the game's categories) and as a Group 1 car (category made for prototype race cars). In Grand Theft Auto Online, the fictitious Truffade Nero Custom’s design cues are based on the Vision GT.

The interest in lute music was revived only in the second half of the 20th century. Improvisation (making up music on the spot) was, apparently, an important aspect of lute performance, so much of the repertoire was probably never written down. Furthermore, it was only around 1500 that lute players began to transition from plectrum to plucking. That change facilitated complex polyphony, which required that they develop notation.

The suites also contain several four- and five-voice fugues that reflect Jullien's studies of counterpoint, but, like most French composers of the time, he was not particularly apt at complex polyphony, and both his fugues and his grasp of chromatic writing have been deemed primitive. The préludes and récits de dessus have been considered the most successful pieces.Apel 1973, 735. Jullien's Premier Livre d'orgue has a number of interesting features.

The words "pro vobis" (for you) follow within the polyphony, first by the alto, followed immediately by soprano II, soprano I and bass together, tenor. In the last phrase, the ascending steps appear in the bass. Throughout the piece, the composer keeps the same tempo and mood, with subtle attention to different parts and even individual words of the text. It has been described as a "serenely reflective" work.

Artists’ Vocal Ensemble (AVE) is a professional choral ensemble directed by early music specialist Jonathan Dimmock. AVE has become known in the San Francisco Bay Area for presenting sacred polyphony for today’s spiritual seekers. Founded on St Cecilia's Day 2004, AVE brings to life many of the masterworks from the Renaissance and Tudor periods. While presenting programs of scholarly interest, AVE strives to create experiences that are emotional, spiritual, and contemplative.

In 1969, the BYU Symphony premiered his one-movement Fourth Symphony, which he dedicated to Robert F. Kennedy. "Psalm XCVI" (1979), Bradshaw's best-known chorale work other than his later oratorio, is very technically demanding. Staheli stated in 2011 that the works were the most difficult he had ever conducted. The piece employs a chromatic style, with some polyphony, at times dividing into 12 parts, with many differing rhythmic figures.

He worked initially as a teacher. Later, he was involved in research on Albanian folklore and song and especially the tradition of Labëria, known for the ancient polyphony. Muhamet Tartari was elected leader of the group and director of Culture House in Vranisht. Vranishtit Group, one of the most famous in Albania, was awarded with the prize “Europe for Protection of Folklore” in 1986 by the German Alfred Toepfer Foundation.

It is not clear exactly what Martin le Franc saw as the elements of the Contenance Angloise.J. Haines, A. Hughes and R. Rosenfeld. Music and Medieval Manuscripts: Palaeography and Performance : Essays Dedicated to Andrew Hughes (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004), pp. 97-103. Musicologists have noted the style as a distinctive form of melodic polyphony using full, rich harmonies based on the third and sixth, which may have made lyrics easier to articulate.

Bower specializes in the history of the medieval sequence. Consequently, Schola Antiqua's programs in the early years often included Notker's sequences and other monophonic settings. The ensemble's second Artistic Director, Michael Alan Anderson, more broadly researches the role of plainchant and polyphony in devotion, ritual, and political cultures of the late Middle Ages and Renaissance. Some of Anderson's research agenda is likewise embedded in the ensemble's past and current programming.

Georgia has rich and still vibrant traditional music, which is primarily known as arguably the earliest polyphonic tradition of the Christian world. Situated on the border of Europe and Asia, Georgia is also the home of a variety of urban singing styles with a mixture of native polyphony, Middle Eastern monophony and late European harmonic languages. Georgian performers are well represented in the world's leading opera troupes and concert stages.

Since the 1970s, Georgian folk music has been introduced to a wider audience in different countries around the world. The ensembles Rustavi and later Georgian VoicesGeorgian Voices were particularly active in presenting rich polyphony of various regions of Georgia to western audiences.Georgian Voices at Georgian-music.com Georgian Voices performed alongside Billy Joel, and the Rustavi Choir was featured on the soundtrack to Coen Brothers' film, The Big Lebowski.

Oxford University Press: 7–9. 2009. Featuring unusual instrumentation and several notable musicians, the music consisted of innovative arrangements influenced by classical music techniques such as polyphony, and marked a major development in post-bebop jazz. As the title suggests, these recordings are considered seminal in the history of cool jazz. Most of them were originally released in the 10-inch 78-rpm format and are all approximately three minutes long.

The CMAA embraces the statement made by Pope Benedict XVI on June 25, 2006: "An authentic updating of sacred music can take place only in the lineage of the great tradition of the past, of Gregorian chant and sacred polyphony." It publishes the quarterly journal Sacred Music and serves as a professional and social network for musicians, seminarians, and priests dedicated to the aesthetic and liturgical ideals of the Catholic Church.

12) which described musical techniques of the time, indicate polyphony. One pipe in the aulos pairs (double flutes) likely served as a drone or "keynote," while the other played melodic passages. Instruments, such as the seven holed flute and various types of stringed instruments have been recovered from the Indus valley civilization archaeological sites. Indian classical music (marga) can be found from the scriptures of the Hindu tradition, the Vedas.

The project was completed at CBS R&D;, and the renamed Rhodes Chroma was produced from 1982 to late 1983. The instrument has a flexible voice architecture, 16-note polyphony, weighted, wooden keyboard action with 256 velocity levels, a single slider parameter editing system (subsequently implemented on the Yamaha DX7); and the inclusion of a proprietary digital interface system that predated MIDI. It was controlled internally by an Intel 80186 microprocessor.

João Lourenço Rebelo, or João Soares Rebelo (1610 – 16 November 1665) was the only Portuguese composer to adopt the Venetian polychoral style.Paul van Nevel, João Lourenço Rebelo and the Portuguese Polyphony of the first half of the seventeenth century, 1992, p.9 Despite his closeness to the king John IV of Portugal (1603–1656), and despite what is traditionally said, Rebelo never held any office in the royal household.

Duke of Medinaceli's Palace in Medinaceli The Cancionero de Medinaceli or Cancionero Musical de Medinaceli (CMM) is a manuscript containing Spanish music of the Renaissance. It was copied during the second half of the 16th century and kept at the library of the Duke of Medinaceli's house, hence its name. Is it probably the most important compilation of Spanish secular polyphony of the Renaissance after the Cancionero de Palacio.

The AX-Synth has full MIDI functionality like the AX-7, but also adds an internal synthesizer with 128 voice polyphony and stereo output. It has both MIDI in and out ports and as is common with more recent synthesizers, it also has a USB port which can also be used to communicate MIDI messages, and edit the sounds via Roland's free patch editor/librarian software for PC and Mac.

The group was based in Munich, then major culture center second to Paris. Chadwick also stayed in France with the group, where he was taken with the French lifestyle and influenced by the emerging Impressionist movement. Chadwick resumed his compositional studies with Josef Rheinberger (1839–1901) at the Hochschule für Musik in Munich. Rheinberger was known as a skilled musical craftsman who incorporated polyphony with creativity and clarity.

Notably, Albanian iso-polyphony from the south has been declared an UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Along with the def, çifteli and sharki are used in the north in a style of dance and pastoral songs. Homemade wind instruments are traditionally used by shepherds in northern Albania; these include the zumarë and lahuta. The southern people are known for ensembles consisting of violins, clarinets, lahuta and def as well.

Before the 15th century, Western music was written by hand and preserved in manuscripts, usually bound in large volumes. The best-known examples of Middle Ages music notation are medieval manuscripts of monophonic chant. Chant notation indicated the notes of the chant melody, but without any indication of the rhythm. In the case of Medieval polyphony, such as the motet, the parts were written in separate portions of facing pages.

The group's recent international appearances include a concert tour of Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands (2008), and performances at the International Choir Festival of St. Petersburg (2009), the Asturias Joven Youth Choir Festival, Spain (2010), the Festival of Habaneras and Polyphony in Torrevieja, Spain (2011), the Moscow Easter Festival (2012), the International Youth Choir Festival in Celje, Slovenia (2013), and the International Children's Choir Festival in Halle, Germany (2014).

The Sunday Mass at 11.30am (Missa normativa) is celebrated in English and Latin, and the music includes both Gregorian Chant and the Polyphony of the Renaissance. On most Sundays, the choir sings plainsong and is accompanied by the congregation. Settings used from the Kyriale include the Cum Jubilo, Lux et Origo, de Angelis and Orbis Factor. Mass settings by major composers are used on feast days and Holy Days of Obligation.

Poetry has been part of New Zealand culture since before European settlement in the form of Māori sung poems or waiata. Early colonial poetry, written by immigrants from the United Kingdom, was also predominantly sung poetry, and was primarily concerned with traditional British themes. New Zealand poetry developed a strong local character from the 1950s, and has now become a "polyphony" of traditionally marginalised voices.Green, P., & Ricketts, H. (2010).

They run a world music choir "Worldly Goods." They develop community choirs in farther-flung regions of Australia from the first Outback Children's Spectacular in 1988 to Bells of Peace at Mt Evelyn in Victoria for Anzac Day 2015. Shortis and Simpson delivered an academic paper on musical influences Georgian Folk Music Meets the Beatles, at the International Research Centre for Traditional Polyphony at Tbilisi, Georgia. invited by Joseph Jordania.

The cadence theme, especially on its return where it is accompanied by simple chords rather than flowing accompaniment figures, has a touch of a mazurka about it. The development section, with its broken tenths in the left hand and the polyphony in the treble, is very original in its sonorities. The end introduces a reminiscence of an ensuing idea in the introduction. Its chromaticism is highly characteristic of Scriabin's later works.

From 2005 to 2007, Marnix De Cat worked with a group of boys and girls (pueri) in order to introduce them to polyphony. Like the 15th- and 16th-century choristers, the young singers were instructed by the magister puerorum (master of the choristers) in the rules of music and the art of singing through simple songs and plainsong. This resulted in a number of concerts and a CD.

Polyphony is a small English choir formed by Stephen Layton for one particular concert put on in King's College, Cambridge in 1986. They have released many critically acclaimed recordings, the most recent of which is Esenvalds - Passion & Resurrection. They record and perform a wide range of music mainly on Hyperion Records. Every year they perform Handel's Messiah and Bach's St John Passion in St John's Smith Square to sell-out audiences.

Gregorian chant is the traditional chant of the Roman Rite. Being entirely monophonic, it does not have the dense harmonies of present-day chanting in the Russian and Georgian churches. Except in such pieces as the graduals and alleluias, it does not have melismata as lengthy as those of Coptic Christianity. However, the music of the Roman Rite became very elaborate and lengthy when Western Europe adopted polyphony.

After the release of the film, composers produced a large number of movie soundtracks that featured synthesizers. The Minimoog was one of the most popular synthesizers ever built Notable makers of all-in-one analog synthesizers included Moog, ARP, Roland, Korg and Yamaha. Because of the complexity of generating even a single note using analog synthesis, most synthesizers remained monophonic. Polyphonic analog synthesizers featured limited polyphony, typically supporting four voices.

The musical items not set polyphonically by Vásquez would have been performed using their original plainchant, possibly with improvised polyphony. The items which Vásquez set whose corresponding chants can be found in the Liber Usualis are the Invitatory, Psalm no.5, nine antiphons, five lessons, one Responsorium, the Canticum Zachariae, the Requiescant in pace, Amen and the Missa pro defunctis. Vásquez has written this Agenda defunctorum for four voices (SATB).

In most of the pieces from the Agenda defunctorum, Vásquez uses the homophonic and polyphonic style alternately. The Canticum Zachariae is optimised for alternating between these, in which the strophe with even numbers will be performed by several voices (SATB), and the strophe with odd numbers by one voice. The Responsorium Libera me, Domine is similarly written for alternating plainsong and polyphony. The Graduale is set for three voices (ATB).

Since then Palestrina has written nothing. Silla sings to him his new song. (3) Cardinal Borromeo is visiting Palestrina to explain that, because of growing secularism, the Pope plans to banish polyphony from the Mass and other offices, to burn the polyphonic masterpieces, and to revert entirely to the Gregorian chant. Emperor Ferdinand I hopes that a new polyphonic Mass can be written which will appease his fears.

Clare Maclean (born 1958 on the South Island of New Zealand, at Timaru) is a New Zealand composer. She received her formative musical training under Gillian Bibby at the Wellington Polytechnic. She then moved to Australia, where she studied composition in Sydney with Peter Sculthorpe. Singing with the Sydney University Chamber Choir under the direction of Nicholas Routley introduced her to the intricate Renaissance polyphony that affected her early compositions.

According to W.G. Waite, writing in 1954: "It was Léonin's incomparable achievement to introduce a rational system of rhythm into polyphonic music for the first time, and, equally important, to create a method of notation expressive of this rhythm."W.G. Waite: The Rhythm of Twelfth-Century Polyphony: its Theory and Practice, . Yale Studies in the History of Music, New Haven, 1954. The Magnus Liber was intended for liturgical use.

These developments and the notation that evolved laid the foundations of musical practice for centuries. The surviving manuscripts from the thirteenth century together with the contemporaneous treatises on musical theory constitute the musical era of ars antiqua. The Notre Dame repertory spread throughout Europe. In Paris polyphony was being performed in the late 1190s but later sources imply that some of the compositions date back as far as the 1160s.

The first document to describe organum specifically, and give rules for its performance, was the Musica enchiriadis (c. 895), a treatise traditionally (and probably incorrectly) attributed to Hucbald of St. Amand. The oldest methods of teaching organum can be found in the Scolica and the Bamberg Dialogues, along with the Musica enchiriadis. The societies that have developed polyphony usually have several types of it found in their culture.

Recordings with Polyphony include Gabriel Jackson, Paweł Łukaszewski, Francis Poulenc, John Tavener, and Ẽriks Ešenvalds. He has received two Gramophone Awards in the UK and the Diapason d'Or in France, The Echo Deutscher Musikpreis in Germany, The Compact Award in Spain, and four Grammy nominations in the USA. Layton was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2020 Birthday Honours for services to classical music.

Since 2004 the city hosts Hip Hop Kemp, one of the biggest European hip hop festivals, in August. Since 2007 the city hosts Rock for People, the biggest rock festival in the Czech Republic, in July. "Jazz goes to town", an international jazz festival, is held in Hradec Králové every October. The city's museum currently holds one of the oldest surviving collections of Czech Renaissance polyphony, the Codex Speciálník manuscript.

Beginning in the 16th century, polyphony, or the intertwining of multiple melodies, arrived in Germany. Protestant chorales predominated; in contrast to Catholic music, chorale was vibrant and energetic. Composers included Dieterich Buxtehude, Heinrich Schütz and Martin Luther, leader of the Protestant Reformation. Luther happened to accompany his sung hymns with a lute, later recreated as the waldzither that became a national instrument of Germany in the 20th century.

Keys are Yamaha's Graded hammer standard (GHS) which range in weight from the low keys to high keys to more accurately mimic the feel of an acoustic piano. The overall weight of the keyboard is 11.8kg (26 pounds). The keyboard can come in colors black or white. Yamaha P-125 is very similar to P-115: both of these pianos have the same weight, size, polyphony, keyboard action.

Duarte Lobo (ca. 1565 - 24 September 1646; Latinized as Eduardus Lupus) was a Portuguese composer of the late Renaissance and early Baroque. He was one of the most famous Portuguese composers of the time, together with Filipe de Magalhães, Manuel Cardoso, composers who all began their academic studies as students of Manuel Mendes. Along with John IV, King of Portugal, they represent the "golden age" of Portuguese polyphony.

The polyphony can be easily recognized, because the notator used a method similar to a modern score. There had been other methods as well. Some later additions in the early Troper-Proser (F-Pn lat. 1120) on folio 73v and on 77v look monophonic on the first sight, but the melody is organized in pairs so that each verse of it has to be sung together with an organum voice.

The Big Lebowski Soundtrack During the end of the 1960s and 1970s an innovative pop-ensemble Orera featured a mixture of traditional polyphony with jazz and other popular musical genres, becoming arguably the most popular ensemble of the Soviet Union in the 1970s. Orera singing "Krimanchuli", recording from 1968 This line of fusion of Georgian folk polyphony with other genres became popular in the 1990s, and the Stuttgart-based ensemble The Shin became a popular representative of this generation of Georgian musicians. Ensemble Shin performing a version of traditional round dance from Svaneti By the mid-1980s, the first ensembles of Georgian music consisting of non- Georgian performers had started to appear outside of Georgia (first in USA and Canada, later in other European countries). This process became particularly active after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, when the iron curtain disappeared and travel to the Western countries became possible for Georgians.

Traditional sub-Saharan African harmony is a music theory of harmony in Sub- Saharan Africa music based on the principles of homophonic parallelism (chords based around a leading melody that follow its rhythm and contour), homophonic polyphony (independent parts moving together), counter melody (secondary melody) and ostinato-variation (variations based on a repeated theme). Polyphony (contrapuntal and ostinato variation) is common in African music and heterophony (the voices move at different times) is a common technique as well. Although these principles of traditional (precolonial and pre-Arab) African music are of Pan-African validity, the degree to which they are used in one area over another (or in the same community) varies. Specific techniques that used to generate harmony in Africa are the "span process", "pedal notes" (a held note, typically in the bass, around which other parts move), "Rhythmic harmony", "harmony by imitation", and "scalar clusters" (see below for explanation of these terms).

New York Polyphony is a male classical vocal quartet based in New York City. Music of the Renaissance and Medieval periods constitutes the core of the ensemble’s repertoire, but increasingly, new music occupies an important place both in performance and on recording. Since their founding in 2006, New York Polyphony has demonstrated a commitment to contemporary music and—in the case of commissions by Andrew Smith, Gabriel Jackson, Jackson Hill and others—works by living composers. In addition, the ensemble frequently collaborates with musicians working in different mediums such as experimental performer/ composer Bora Yoon and violinist Lizzie Ball. Recent events include the European premiere of the Missa Charles Darwin—a newly commissioned secular Mass setting based on texts of Charles Darwin by composer Gregory Brown—at the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, and participation in Jonathan Berger’s chamber opera cycle Visitations at the Prototype Festival with soprano Mellissa Hughes and JACK Quartet.

Paul van Nevel, João Lourenço Rebelo and the Portuguese Polyphony of the first half of the seventeenth century, 1992, p.10 In his compositions, Rebelo strives for strong contrasts in sound and in the very texture of the musical architecture, mixing choirs of singers, solo singers, and voices and instruments. We can find Cantus firmus sung on long notes as the basis of splendid Concertato counterpoint for six vox instrumentalis, like in Educes me (Psalm 31, verse 5), the endless repetition of musical figuration in Super Aspidem (Psalm 19, verse 13 – with 13 parts) or the typical sonorities of Monteverdi's madrigals in the charming Qui habitat (Psalm 91, verse 1-6). At the same time Rebelo knows how to evoke the Roman School polyphony, like is in seven-part motet Panis angelicus, full of harmonic false relations or in his Lamentationes, in which the composer achieves effects through the use of piercing chromatic harmonies.

While composers had almost certainly been working in Rome continuously for the thousand years since the time of Gregory the Great, the development of a consistent style around the middle of the 16th century, due in part to the musical requirements of the Counter-Reformation, led to their being grouped together by music historians under this single label. The music of the Roman School can be seen as the culmination of a development of polyphony through the infusion of music of the Franco-Netherlandish school during the last hundred years. Franco-Netherlandish composers had long been coming to Italy to live and work--Josquin, Obrecht, Arcadelt, and many others made the long journey, and their musical style was decisive on the formation of the Italian styles. Under the guidance of the Vatican, and with the Sistine Chapel Choir being one of the finest of the time, it was perhaps inevitable that the stylistic center of sacred polyphony would turn out to be Rome.

Most carols follow a more or less standard format: they begin by exalting the relevant religious feast, then proceed to offer praises for the lord and lady of the house, their children, the household and its personnel, and usually conclude with a polite request for a treat, and a promise to come back next year for more well-wishing. Almost all the various carols are in the common dekapentasyllabos (15-syllable iamb with a caesura after the 8th syllable) verse, which means that their wording and tunes are easily interchangeable. This has given rise to a great number of local variants, parts of which often overlap or resemble one another in verse, tune, or both. Nevertheless, their musical variety remains very wide overall: for example carols from Epirus are strictly pentatonic, in the kind of drone polyphony practised in the Balkans, and accompanied by C-clarinets and fiddles; just across the straits, on Corfu Island, the style is tempered harmonic polyphony, accompanied by mandolins and guitars.

A second radical simplification became necessary, and so solmization was invented by Guido of Arezzo. On the background of his innovation, the later square notation was rather a reduction of the neume ligatures to a pure pitch notation, their performance was changed radically by an oral tradition of singing ornaments, of performing ligatures in a rhythmic way, and of more or less primitive models of polyphony which was no longer visible in the chant books of the 13th century. Thanks to Aquitanian cantors the network of the Cluniac Monastic Association was not only a problematic accumulation of political power during the crusades among aristocratic churchmen, which caused rebellions in several Benedictine monasteries and the foundation of new anti-Cluniac reform orders, they also cultivated new forms of chant performance which dealt with poetry, and polyphony like discantus and organum. They were used in all possible combinations which turned improvisation into composition, and composition into improvisation.

It is his only motet without biblical text. He set a poem by Paul Thymich, which Johann Schelle set as a funeral aria in 1684. Also unusually, the motet is not closed by a chorale, but by an aria which is harmonized like a chorale. The work has been described as having a confident, intimate and tender character, and making more use of polychorality (interplay of the two choirs) than polyphony (interplay of the voices).

This was all replaced with a mercurial polyphony from which a large variety of textures could be imagined, from a single line and two-part counterpoint to tutti chords. Sometimes the harmony would barely be sketched in this textural web, but this web's flexibility, along with different combinations of instruments, guaranteed an endless variety of sounds. Tchaikovsky's achievement in this breakthrough was that he was able to employ it so discriminately.Brown, Wandering, 229.

To read it, a musician must know the instrument's tuning, number of strings, etc. Renaissance and Baroque forms of lute music are similar to keyboard music of the periods. Intabulations of vocal works were very common, as well as various dances, some of which disappeared during the 17th century, such as the piva and the saltarello. The advent of polyphony brought about fantasias: complex, intricate pieces with much use of imitative counterpoint.

Mawby was born in Portsmouth, Hampshire, on 9 May 1936. He received his earliest musical education at Westminster Cathedral choir school, where he acted as assistant to George Malcolm at the organ from the age of 12. The boys performed 14 or 15 services a week and had 10 hours of rehearsals a week, learning plainchant and polyphony. He subsequently studied at the Royal College of Music with Gordon Jacob and John Churchill.

These were started during Bach's Weimar years and finished some 24 years after the earliest known print of Westhoff's partitas; the musical characteristics seem to show that Bach's work was at least conceptually indebted to Westhoff's. Westhoff's violin writing is highly advanced, featuring double stopping up to the fourth position. Westhoff's solo violin music is distinctly German, with dense polyphony and robust themes, but the continuo sonatas show a pronounced Italian influence.

Arif Abdulla oglu Mirzayev (born April 10, 1944) is a Soviet, Russian, Azerbaijani composer, organist and pianist, Honored Art Worker of Azerbaijan (2011). He is the founder of religious-memorial organ and polyphony music of Azerbaijan, and also sacrificial music of ancient Islam. He is the master of polistylistics of the modern music. He was nominated for the State Prize of the Russian Federation in 2000 and 2002 in the sphere of arts.

Omega Boost is a three dimensional shoot 'em up developed by Polyphony Digital for the Sony PlayStation. It was released in 1999 throughout Japan, North America, and Europe by Sony Computer Entertainment. The game features mecha designs by Shoji Kawamori of Macross fame. Being released late in the PlayStation's life, Omega Boost is said to have some of the best graphics on the console with parts of the game running at 60 frame/s.

The third movement, a scherzo, is written in minuet and trio form. It opens with a joke- like statement, and the composer uses some polyphony. The trio is in the relative minor key of C major (A minor) and contains running arpeggios in the right hand with the left hand playing a melodic line in octave form. The coda of this short movement ends the Scherzo softly with a tritone substitute authentic cadence.

With "melody against ground tone and forced against another melody", as Pound puts it, the work spawns a polyphony in polyrhythms that ignores traditional laws of harmony. It was a test of Pound's ideal of an "absolute" and "uncounterfeitable" rhythm conducted in the laboratory of someone obsessed with the relationship between words and music. Pound's statement, "Rhythm is a FORM cut into TIME, as a design is determined SPACE",Pound, Ezre. "Treatise on Metre".

Cornet's surviving output is small and consists only of keyboard music: eight fantasias, two courantes (with variations), a toccata, a setting of Salve Regina, and one of Tantum Ergo. One of the fantasias, Fantasia del 5. tuono sopra ut re mi fa sol la, survives incomplete. The style varies from animated, bright music of the courantes, to elaborate polyphony in the fantasias and the mystical, religious feeling of the Salve Regina setting.

" (Lord! Lord!). The tenor than begins a theme for a fugal development, reminiscent of the style of Renaissance polyphony, followed by alto, soprano and bass. The words "Herr" and "gnädig" (merciful" are accented by a melisma, the former a rising melody, the latter with an upward tritone for added intensity. A slow chromatic upward scale appears first in the alto in measures 25 and 26, again intesifying "gnädig", repeated by the sopranos.

It was based on European classical musical language and classical musical forms (opera, symphony, etc.). The greatest representatives of this school of Georgian composers (Zakaria Paliashvili, Dimitri Arakishvili, Niko Sulkhanishvili) merged European musical language with the elements of Georgian traditional harmony and polyphony. Among the composers of the later period were Andria Balanchivadze (brother of George Balanchine), Aleksandre Machavariani, Shalva Mshvelidze, Otar Taktakishvili. The most prominent contemporary Georgian composer is Antwerp-based Giya Kancheli.

The choir, clergy, and congregation, sang the ensembles of the service, leaving the most important parts of the service for the trained vocalists. The chant maintained its dominance in ecclesiastic music up until the rise of polyphony in the eleventh century.Henderson, Early History of Singing, 39. The idea of two or more simultaneous lines of independent melody accompanied by high and low pitched voices seemed more suitable for ecclesiastic music in the eleventh century.

The album combines beatboxing, classical choirs that suggest composers like Penderecki or Arvo Pärt, and "mews, moans, counterpoint and guttural grunts" provided by herself and guests like Mike Patton, Robert Wyatt and Tanya Tagaq. Medúlla includes "vocal fantasias" that lean toward chamber music, alongside tracks that "are obviously but distantly connected to hip-hop." Glimpses of Bulgarian women's choirs, the polyphony of central African pygmies, and the "primal vocalisms" of Meredith Monk were also noted.

The abbey was the center of several important developments in medieval music, including liturgical chant, early polyphony and troubadours' songs. The first chant manuscripts show revisions of the early 11th century, when Roger de Chabannes introduced his nephew Adémar as cantor and scriptor of notation.James Grier (2005). A significant body of plainchant and tonaries for its modal classification had been written at the scriptorium of this Abbey (among them Pa 909, 1120, 1121, 1132, 1240).

Andrew Smith born in Liverpool in 1970, is a composer whose works include settings of Ave Maria, Regina caeli, Ave Maris stella, Veni redemptor gentium, Flos regalis virginalis (based on one of the Worcester Fragments) and Magnificat à 4. He has written works for Trio Mediaeval and New York Polyphony. He is published by OUP as well as by Norsk Musikforlag and Musikk- Husets Forlag. Andrew Smith settled in Norway in 1984.

In the Russian Orthodox liturgy of the 16th-18th centuries, polyphony (, mnogoglasiye, literally "many-voicing"), sometimes polyvocality, was a tradition of performing several parts of the church service in the same place at the same time; in particular, to singing several different chants simultaneously to save time. Despite being banned in favor of monophony (, edinoglasiye, literally "single-voicing"), i.e. singing the chants one by one consecutively, it persisted for quite some time.

The CMAA's quarterly journal Sacred Music is the oldest continuously published journal of music in North America. Its contributors have included Peter Phillips, founder and director of the Tallis Scholars, as well as Peter A. Kwasniewski, Michael Lawrence, Shawn Tribe, William Mahrt, and Robert Skeris. It publishes feature articles on music, commentaries on chant and polyphony, documents and reviews, news and editorials. Sacred Music is the successor to The Catholic Choirmaster and Caecilia.

Léonin's two-part version of Viderunt Omnes was written about 1160 (the composer's dates are fl. 1150s — d. ? 1201). In his variation, the bottom voice sings the familiar chant as a drone while the top voice echoes in rich polyphony—a symbol of religious unity; a form of communal togetherness. As a theorist, Léonin developed complex sets of rhythmic modes and patterns that could only be written with a certain styling of ligatures.

Pérotin's four-part version of Viderunt, one of the few existing examples of organum quadruplum, may have been written for the Feast of the Circumcision in 1198. We know that at this time Eudes de Sully, Bishop of Paris, was promoting the use of polyphony. The melismas in particular are especially diminuted, rendering the text virtually incomprehensible. While only solo sections are polyphonic, the organum remains clear when juxtaposed with the traditional, monophonic choir chant.

Alim Gasimov performs mugham in Eurovision Song Contest In recent years, Azerbaijan folk music existed within the scope of folk art. The vocal- instrumental forms of folklore contain the elements of polyphony. The peculiarity of folk music clarifies itself firstly with the development of a modal system. It contains seven main modes - Rast, Shur, Segah (are especially common), Shushtar, Bayaty-Shiraz, Chahargah, Humayun and three collateral kinds - shahnaz, sarendj, chargah in some other form.

A cheaper Proteus 1000 model was also introduced with the same soundset and ROM but only 64 voice polyphony and fewer individual sound outputs. The Proteus 2000 also has Protozoa ROM expansions that contain the first 128 patches of the original Proteus trilogy that were faithfully re- mastered digitally from scratch that could be purchased to add onto the module, consisting a total of 384 patches of up to 16 MB of memory.

The tenor, echoed by the men's voices, continues by saying that the creatures are not worthy to name their creator. An interlude leads to the Allegro section, which the children's voices (ragazzi) begin singing Laudate sia, mio Signore, con tutte le tue creature (Be praised, my Lord, by all your creatures). The other voices, now in four parts, imitate in polyphony. The first creature, frate sole (Brother Sun), is mentioned first by the solo tenor.

Hungarian Polyphony, Op. 25, is a work in one movement, begun in 1984 as a trio for two violins and cello, revised in 1986 for string quartet. The Hungarian elements are Gypsy scales and Hungarian rhythms. Sergiu Celibidache suggested more revisions and arranged that it was to be performed at the 1988 Schleswig- Holstein Musik Festival by members of the festival orchestra. The work was published by Hofmeister in Leipzig in 1996.

Stile Antico in Madrid in 2017. Stile Antico is a British vocal ensemble, specialising in polyphonic early music composed prior to the eighteenth century. Like groups such as the Tallis Scholars or The Sixteen, it has roots in the choral tradition of the Oxford and Cambridge colleges, but, unusually for groups tackling complex polyphony, Stile Antico has no conductor. The singers rehearse and perform as chamber musicians, an approach which has been praised by critics.

The bulk of the work is an explanation of the tonary system as it was used in French, English, and Italian churches. The treatise also discusses the composition of polyphony, which is believed to be the first surviving treatise from Italy to use rhythmic notation. Amerus discusses the longa, brevis, and semibrevis, assigning them in groups of two (rather than three). The work is preserved in the Bamberg Codex, among other places.

Largely concerned with a revival of the Greek dramatic style, the Camerata's musical experiments led to the development of the stile recitativo. Cavalieri was the first to employ the new recitative style, trying his creative hand at a few pastoral scenes. The style later became primarily linked with the development of opera. The criticism of contemporary music by the Camerata centered on the overuse of polyphony at the expense of the sung text's intelligibility.

The membership over time has included, young adult and fantasy novelist Nina Kiriki Hoffman, surrealist short story writer and novelist Ray Vukcevich, science fiction writers Kathy Oltion and Jerry Oltion, Bruce Holland Rogers, Patricia Briggs, fiction and non-fiction writer Leslie What, Jay Lake, Eric M. Witchey, Devon Monk and many others. Deborah Layne, a long-time member, is also the founder of Wheatland Press, the award-winning publisher of the Polyphony anthology.

200px Jiří Rychnovský (1545, Rychnov nad Kněžnou – 1616, Chrudim) was a Czech composer of the Renaissance and early Baroque era. He was the mayor of Chrudim. His musical work consists of Czech and Latin sacred music with advanced vocal polyphony, revealing a knowledge of European designs, but also the efforts of self-expression. His compositions have been recorded in manuscripts of the Literary Society in St. Michael in New Town in Prague.

For Les Nouvelles Polyphonies, it was important to "sing polyphony as we feel it today" (Patrizia Poli). The improvisation found on the album provides a conceptual link with the tradition of Corsican indigenous folk music. They are noted for forming a bridge between the traditional style of Corsican folk music and more modern, popular music. They played a critical role in popularizing Corsican folk music, both on a local scale and a more global one.

It supports an unlimited number and length of staves, polyphony, MIDI playback of written notes, chord markings, lyrics, and a number of import and export filters to many formats like MIDI, MusicXML, abc, MUP, PMX, MusiXTeX and LilyPond. Linux Magazine recommends using NoteEdit with FluidSynth, a software synthesizer, to expand NoteEdit's abilities. FluidSynth uses SoundFont technology (a sample-based synthesis) to simulate the sound of a NoteEdit score played by live instruments.

Schröter composed carols, hymns, motets, a passion, psalms, and a Te Deum which date from 1571 to 1587. He also composed several part-songs dating from 1562, which have been noted for their contrapuntal ability. His style has been described as having the “greatest simplicity”, but also the “highest grandeur,” simultaneously simple and sublime. He employed Reformation polyphony in his chorale settings, and also homophony, most notably in his eight-voice double-choir settings.

Computers can use software to generate sounds, which are then passed through a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) to a power amplifier and loudspeaker system. The number of sounds that can be played simultaneously (the polyphony) is dependent on the power of the computer's CPU, as are the sample rate and bit depth of playback, which directly affect the quality of the sound.Lehrman, Paul D. "Software Synthesis: The Wave Of The Future? " Sound on Sound.

Ascension morning 2009. The Queen's College is well known in and beyond Oxford for the quality and quantity of its musical activities. The mixed-voice Chapel Choir is conducted by the Organist and Praelector in Music, Owen Rees, a noted scholar of Iberian polyphony, and occasional services are conducted by the Organ Scholars. The singers include Choral Scholars (up to eighteen at any one time) and volunteers, all of whom are auditioned.

The abbey is a Rhine Gorge World Heritage Site. The church has been used for concerts of the Rheingau Musik Festival, such as a "BachTrompetenGala" with organist Edgar Krapp and a concert with the New York Polyphony in 2014. The sculptor Karlheinz Oswald made in 1998 a life- size bronze statue called Hildegard of Bingen, with one copy in the Bingen museum, another in the garden in front of the abbey church.

Works could then be conceived polyphonically, and thus each head conveyed a part of the information and was listened to through a dedicated loudspeaker. It was an ancestor of the multi-track player (four then eight tracks) that appeared in the 1960s. Timbres Durées by Olivier Messiaen with the technical assistance of Pierre Henry was the first work composed for this tape recorder in 1952. A rapid rhythmic polyphony was distributed over the three channels .

As part of their copy protection, illegal copies of Aardvark Software's "Frak!" and "Zalaga" would cause a pseudo-polyphonic rendition of Trumpet Hornpipe, the Captain Pugwash theme tune, to play endlessly rather than loading the game properly (Pugwash being a pirate). On the Electron version of Frak!, the tune was the main theme from "Benny Hill" (Boots Randolph's "Yakety Sax"). The polyphony was achieved via fast note-switching to achieve the necessary chords.

The music of Central Asia is as vast and unique as the many cultures and peoples who inhabit the region. Principal instrument types are two- or three- stringed lutes, the necks either fretted or fretless; fiddles made of horsehair; flutes, mostly open at both ends and either end-blown or side- blown; and jew harps, mostly metal. Percussion instruments include frame drums, tambourines, and kettledrums. Instrumental polyphony is achieved primarily by lutes and fiddles.

Most of his own pieces (he wrote well over 100) were for his own instrument, for choir, or for both. Among his many compositions is the well- known Entrata Festiva (opus 93) for choir, brass, timpani, and organ. Other works include Aria (opus 51) and Toccata, fugue and hymn on "Ave Maris Stella" (opus 28), Peeters studied Renaissance music, particularly of the school of Flemish polyphony. This style was also absorbed into his music.

Savinio founded the musical movement Sincerismo (Sincerism) that same year. Sincerismo largely abandoned polyphony and harmony in favor of dissonance and rhythm as its primary musical characteristics. That year also saw the publication of Les Chants de la mi-mort (The Songs of Half-Death), a dramatic poem including original illustrations and a piano suite accompaniment, both also created by Savinio. was written primarily in French, but also included passages written in Italian.

In 1951, following national service, McCarthy together with Denis Stevens founded a choral group known as the Ambrosian Singers to provide choral polyphony for the BBC series, The History of Music, which Stevens produced. By the 1960s the group had grown to include 700 singers from which smaller groups could be selected. He also went on to found The John McCarthy Singers. From 1961-66 McCarthy was the chorus master of the London Symphony Orchestra.

The second phase, which includes music by John Browne, Richard Davy and Walter Lambe, uses imitation, cantus firmus techniques, and frequent cross-relations (a feature which was to become a distinctive sound in early Tudor polyphony). The final phase represented in the choirbook includes music by William Cornysh and Robert Fayrfax, composed around 1500. Points of imitation are frequent, cantus firmus techniques disappear, and in general the sound of the music is more Continental.

Launeddas players Sardinia is home to one of the oldest forms of vocal polyphony, generally known as cantu a tenore. In 2005, Unesco classed the cantu a tenore among intangible world heritage. Several famous musicians have found it irresistible, including Frank Zappa, Ornette Coleman, and Peter Gabriel. The latter travelled to the town of Bitti in the central mountainous region and recorded the now world-famous Tenores di Bitti CD on his Real World label.

The soprano has the , the other part expresses the meaning of the words in polyphony on a variety of motifs. The duet for soprano and alto speaks of rushing steps, shown predominantly in the figures of the continuo of celli, violone and organ. The recitative begins secco, but ends in an arioso on words of the original chorale. The aria is accompanied by flute motifs to express the relief of the heart.

Some commonalities are near universal among Native American traditional music, however, especially the lack of harmony and polyphony, and the use of vocables and descending melodic figures. Traditional instrumentations use the flute and many kinds of percussion instruments, like drums, rattles, and shakers.Ferris, p. 18–20. Since European and African contact was established, Native American folk music has grown in new directions, into fusions with disparate styles like European folk dances and Tejano music.

Angels' Carol was recorded in 2001 as part of The John Rutter Christmas Album, sung by The Cambridge Singers with the City of London Sinfonia, conducted by the composer. Stephen Layton led a recording with his Polyphony chamber choir and the City of London Sinfonia, released in 2001. It was recorded as part of A Christmas Celebration in 2014 by the Hallé Choir, youth choir, children’s choir and orchesta, conducted by Stephen Bell.

Joseph's period as Patriarch marked an intense publishing activity and the recovery of church thought (Moscow circle Zealots of Piety). Religious books published under Joseph, were the last to reflect donikonovskie editorial texts and rituals. Therefore, they are highly valued and subsequently were reprinted. Inn early 1649 the patriarch Joseph called Church Council, whose members condemned the opponents polyphony when both were committed in different places different parts of the temple worship.

This results in a sound with 4-voice polyphony with no audio from the second voice's oscillators, processed through two filters in series. The single low-frequency oscillator (LFO) is free-running (i.e. doesn't restart when a key is depressed), with programmable rate (0.25 to 20 Hz according to the manual), and has programmable depth and waveform (triangle or square). This can modulate any combination of filter cutoff frequency, pitch, or oscillator pulse-width.

Polyphony Digital released the official vehicle list which also shows which vehicles were be standard or premium. The cars in GT5 are separated into two categories, premium and standard. Premium cars are highly detailed and thus have high polygon counts, high texture resolution, feature headlights capable of high and low beams, detailed interior camera views, and detailed damage models. Premium cars also have working windshield wipers which are operated on tracks with rain or snow.

Manuel Cardoso (baptized 11 December 1566 - 24 November 1650) was a Portuguese composer and organist. With Duarte Lobo and John IV of Portugal, he represented the "golden age" of Portuguese polyphony. Cardoso is not known to be related to an older contemporary composer of the same name; the precentor Manuel Cardoso, who published a book of Latin passions in Leiria in 1575. Cardoso was born in Fronteira, near Portalegre, most likely in 1566.

Overtones are naturally highlighted when singing in a particularly resonant space, such as a church; one theory of the development of polyphony in Europe holds that singers of Gregorian chant, originally monophonic, began to hear the overtones of their monophonic song and to imitate these pitches - with the fifth, octave, and major third being the loudest vocal overtones, it is one explanation of the development of the triad and the idea of consonance in music.

The menuetto has the chromaticism though not the polyphony of the menuetto of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Symphony No. 40. The progression used mid-way through the movement to modulate is borrowed almost directly from Mozart — using the same approach (a gradual layering of instruments) to a dominant seventh chord. The trio is quiet throughout, and only gradually accumulates instruments, beginning with only bassoon and strings, and with a subtle suggestion of a pastoral mood over held lower string notes.

At the same time, due to her outstanding skills, Safaraliyeva was selected to train students as a teacher's assistant, as well as to teach polyphony and musical literature to Azeriphone students. Kovkab Safaraliyeva . Axtar.az In the early 1930s she performed as a pianist at the Baku Labour Theatre, and later worked at a concertmistress at the Azerbaijan Opera Theatre. After doing probation work in Moscow in 1935-1936 Safaraliyeva returned to Baku to teach at her alma mater.

Mashayekhi's music circulates between a range of styles and genres, from classical compositions inspired by Persian rhythms and Iranian folk music that incorporate meditated repetition and polyphony, to atonal compositions, to works for tape and live electronics that combine traditional Iranian and Western instruments. Mashayekhi calls his compositional practice "Meta-X," referring to the sonic multiplicities present in his work (as contradictions of tonal/atonal, improvised/pre-defined, Persian/non-Persian) that unify within a single musical piece.

Villagers of Ioannina City (VIC) is a folk rock band from Ioannina, Greece, formed in 2007. They play post-, stoner and psychedelic rock with a large dose of Greek folk music from the region of Epirus. The regional musical tradition is characterized by polyphony, specific rhythms and tunes, and the use of clarinet, kaval, and bagpipe. The band fuses this unique folk music with modern psychedelic forms, creating a sound where the dominant solo instrument is the clarinet.

The manuscripts written by these two became very popular and included early uses of troper-prosers and sequentiaries. The duo also pioneered a new form of notation for their work that collected new forms of liturgical poetry. While polyphony was not invented at the Saint Martial school, the group developed it extensively and brought it into common use. All of these contributions made the Saint Martial school an important precursor to the later Notre-Dame school.

Boorstin places the origins of Western music in the liturgy of the Catholic Church. The early practice of congregational singing of psalms (adopted from Judaism) ceased with the introduction of the choir. This institution gave rise to the Gregorian chant and one of the most important creations in music, polyphony, still the hallmark of Western music.The Creators, "The Music of the Word" Over time, the emphasis within Music turned to the instruments rather than the human voice.

Of course, bass and hats could be interleaved on the same track, if the samples are short enough. If not, the previous sample is usually stopped when the next one begins. Some modern trackers simulate polyphony in a single track by setting the "new note action" of each instrument to cut, continue, fade out, or release, opening new mixing channels as necessary. A pattern is a group of simultaneously played tracks that represents a full section of the song.

The treatise also discusses singing technique, ornamentation of plainchant, and polyphony in the style of organum. The scale used in the work, which is based on a system of tetrachords, appears to have been created solely for use in the work itself rather than taken from actual musical practice. The treatise also uses a very rare system of notation, known as Daseian notation. This notation has a number of figures which are rotated ninety degrees to represent different pitches.

Giancarlo Chiaramello 1985 Giancarlo Chiaramello (born 18 February 1939) is an Italian composer, conductor and arranger. Born in Bra, in 1958 Chiaramello graduated in piano, composition and vocal polyphony at the Giuseppe Verdi Conservatory in Turin. He won two international competitions for young composers, the Francesco Ballo Prize in 1960 and the Ranieri of Monaco Award in 1962. Between sixties and seventies he was arranger for several pop and rock artists, and composed scores for many stage plays.

Alfred Dürr writes that the Leipzig congregation would understand it as an allusion to the third stanza. Bach actually used this stanza to end , written for the same occasion two or three years later. Bach used the first stanza to conclude , written for Pentecost Monday of 1726. Hugo Distler composed a chorale motet for eight vocal parts a cappella, his Op. 2, which Karl Straube recommended for print as the work of a mature master of polyphony.

The TR-707 has fifteen digitally sampled sounds. The instrument is capable of 10-voice polyphony. The alternate bass drum, snare and hi-hat sounds cannot be triggered simultaneously. The instruments are labeled as Bass Drum, Snare Drum, Low Tom, Mid Tom, Hi Tom, Rimshot, Cowbell, Hand Clap, Tambourine, Hi-Hat (Closed or Open), Cymbal (Crash or Ride), as well as an additional function labeled accent, which serves to rhythmically modify the volume of the other instruments.

Vatican banner. Mass is celebrated in the church on Sundays and major feast days as a solemn Mass in Latin with full professional choir and accompanying organ in a combination of polyphony and Gregorian chant. This is supplemented by the occasional celebration of Solemn Vespers which enriches the liturgical cycle of the parish. On those days Mass is also celebrated several times in English and once as a Low Mass in the 1962 Roman Missal form.

8 voice single sound (both Lower/Upper voices), Split with user selected split point (4 voices Lower/4 voices Upper) or Double which reduce the polyphony to four voices. Later versions implemented basic MIDI functions. Instead of traditional pitchbend/modulation wheels, the Synthex employs a joystick which allows for greater variable real- time control over the two LFOs, oscillator and filter modulation. The 6 sliders beside the joystick assign what (LFO, osc and filter) goes to the joystick.

The FM synthesis provided by the sound module is based on 4 operators that could be chained by selecting one of the 8 available algorithms. Each operator can generate one of the 8 available waveforms. Additionally, in each of the algorithms, operator 4 can be set to modulate itself with a configurable amount of feedback. The sound unit is basically a slightly upgraded variant of the Yamaha TX81Z module, with increased polyphony and other minor tweaks.

However, he interrupted his study to work nine years at the most spiritual publisher of this time, Josef Florian, solely for room and board. In 1919 he resumed his study as a pupil of French composer and teacher Vincent d'Indy at the Schola Cantorum. Tichý initially studied organ, Gregorian chant and composition, then contrapuntalism and concord. At Schola Cantorum he got the opportunity to experience music from the 16th to the 18th centuries in vocal polyphony.

The keytar synthesizer introduces customizable edge blades (a silver Edge Blade for the black model and a gold Edge Blade for the white model), which is a distinction from other keytars. The USB memory function and Bluetooth, along with MIDI are included. The keyboard has 49 full-sized keys with velocity and aftertouch, with 256 notes of polyphony. Vocoder, Mic Input, and 500 preset tones are present - which can be switched seamlessly without unnatural sound cut off.

Electronic Musician, February 2000 At the time of the release of the MS2000, Korg was competing directly with synthesizers such as the Clavia Nord Lead and Roland's JP-8000 and JP-8080. While both of these VA machines were powerful in their own right, they were expensive. Korg had to make some sacrifices to be able to offer the much simpler MS2000 at a more reasonable price. The most prominent limitation was the synthesizer's polyphony of only 4 voices.

One feature partially overcame the limited polyphony. If one connected the rack and keyboard together via the MIDI ports, the two devices could be set to produce notes offset to one another, this turning the combined system into a semi-8-voice synthesizer,MS2000 Owner's Manual, Global Parameters (Page4:E NoteRcv), pg. 55 completely controllable using either of the control surfaces, although it was likely that most players used the keyboard surface as the master control.

Since 1996, Khitarishvili worked at the Batumi Music College. He worked as a musical editor at Adjara TV. Khitarishvilli is a member of the Union of Composers and Authors of Georgia. He is also a member of the Adjarian union, since 2001, and organizes theatrical productions in Georgia. From 2001, Khitarishvilli worked at the Batumi State Conservatory (State University of the Arts) where he introduced courses in polyphony, orchestration, musical instrument classification (organology), jazz harmony and improvisation.

The car does contain some elements used for future "e-tron" production cars, according to Audi. The e-tron Vision Gran Turismo also uses Audi's DTM ceramic brakes and steering wheel, 305-width racing tyres, and other parts from the Audi R8 LMS, their Group GT3 race car. According to Audi and Polyphony Digital, the car also performs a run of 2.5 seconds. Marc Lichte led the entire design process, with Andreas Krüger completing the exterior.

Wilson, Music and Merchants, 165. Some of the chief poets included Lorenzo de' Medici and his mother Lucrezia Tornabuoni de’ Medici, Feo Belcari, Francesco degli Albizzi, and Ser Michele Chelli. The musical style ranged from organal textures, simple note-against-note polyphony, works in the style of early Dufay, syllabic and homorhythmic declamation, and cantilena textures with supportive lower voices. Simple two-part settings were also prominent and could have been embellished or have included a third improvised part.

Movement 1, “Joyeux,” is a frolicsome piece in ternary form that juxtaposes duple and triple meters between strings and woodwinds. Played separately, the soaring melodies of the flute and the English horn are typical of the romantic period but are contrasted with the aggressive double bass line. However, as is typical of Milhaud’s polyphony, the voices sound fairly cacophonic when played simultaneously. The movement frantically climaxes and suddenly ends, following a quick run in the woodwinds.

1:47 The form of this piece is much less clear in this jaunty, faster movement. The voices are polyphonic and there are plenty of jazz references throughout. It is often difficult to decipher the difference between the bass voice and the cello. The voices are heard in a call and response manner between the males and female voices towards the middle of the movement and it then continues with the vocal polyphony through the end of the movement.

2018 Gerd Schaller has prepared an orchestral version of Bruckner's string quintet, the first for full orchestra. The original chamber polyphony of the five solo string players is retained in his strategy of arrangement, but at the same time much symphonic material is incorporated. It's a Classical-Romantic arrangement with doubled woodwinds, four horns, two trumpets, three trombones and timpani to preserve the structures of the original composition and at the same time reinforce the symphonic content.

Simha Arom 2016 Simha Arom (born 1930) is a French-Israeli ethnomusicologist who is recognized as a world expert on the music of central Africa, especially that of the Central African Republic. His books include African Polyphony and Polyrhythm: Musical Structure and Methodology (1991) . He also made some historical field recordings of the Aka Pygmy music. In the 1960s, Simha Arom was sent by the Government of Israel to establish a brass band in the Central African Republic.

Lomax later claimed he was blown away, and called it the most significant work in his long and storied career. Edward Neill worked to revitalize the tradition in the middle of the 20th century. Trallalero groups consist of tenor, baritone and bass parts, accompanied by a contralto and a singer whose voice imitates a guitar (chitarra). As the names of parts suggest, the imitation of instrumental styles replaces traditional vocal polyphony: this is a distinguishing feature of this genre.

Available again in a 3U rack-mount format, the SuperNova II was also available in a 61-note performance keyboard version with velocity and aftertouch, enabling sound tweaking during live performance. FM synthesis capability was included along with ring modulation, dual analogue inputs and a 42-band vocoder. An 8-part arpeggiator was also on-board and in its full version the product offered 8-part multitimbrality and 48-voice polyphony, with 57 and 2304 oscillators running simultaneously.

Pepping is regarded as one of the most important composers of Protestant church music in the 20th century. His sacred works for choir a cappella included masses such as the , motets and chorales, for example the collection Spandauer Chorbuch (Spandau choir book). He also composed secular vocal music, organ music, orchestral works including three symphonies, and chamber music. Pepping based his church music on Protestant hymns, the vocal polyphony of the 16th and 17th century and modal keys.

It came in a heavy wooden case and weighed 23 kilograms. It has full polyphony with a variable-gain amplifier for each key and a BBD (bucket-brigade device) chorus that gives it the distinctive string synthesizer sound. Sound production begins at a high frequency square wave generator, then flows to the frequency divider, a Mostek MK50240N integrated circuit for the highest octave. These top octave frequency dividers were commonly used in electronic organs of the period.

It is a ritual dance which lasts for about half an hour, has three parts, and is performed by men. The first part, called the buatanga, is performed in circles while the other two parts are done in lines. Jane Mink Rossen revived this dance-music form and wrote about it in her book "Songs of Bellona Island (1987)". An LP of the same name, refers to it as "coordinate polyphony" of two songs rendered simultaneously.

Parallels include the advent of the simple Baroque continuo style following elaborate Renaissance polyphony and the simple early classical symphony following Bach's monumental advances in Baroque counterpoint. In addition, critics have often overstated the simplicity of even early minimalism. Michael Nyman has pointed out that much of the charm of Steve Reich's early music had to do with perceptual phenomena that were not actually played, but resulted from subtleties in the phase-shifting process.Nyman 1974, 133–34.

Hajsek studied classical composition, polyphony, harmony and counterpoint at the Academy of Music, University of Zagreb, specializing on seminars of contemporary and electrophonic music. From that time dates the author's collaboration with big American avant-garde composer Alvin Lucier, with following compositions standing out in particular: "Sounds from Lost in Space" for chamber orchestra and electronics and "2 Loud Sounds 4 4 Steel Strings" for double string orchestra, "Passacaglia" for big orchestra, "Alpine Symphony" and the ballet "Mishima".

Their work in the interpretation of medieval music, with particular focus on Bohemian plainsong, is particularly significant with a focus on the symbolism of neumatic notation from the 10th and 11th centuries. Performances feature the original Bohemian plainchant tradition, including the earliest examples of polyphony. In addition they have performed music from 14th and 15th century and more modern compositions, including some written specifically for the group. They have produced numerous recordings under the Supraphon and other labels.

The Albanian iso-polyphony is UNESCO's Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. Albanian folk music is a prominent part of the national identity, and continues to play a major part in overall Albanian music. Folk music can be divided into two stylistic groups, mainly the northern Gheg varieties, and southern Lab and Tosk varieties. Northern and southern traditions are contrasted by a rugged tone from the north, and the more relaxed southern form of music.

Zurab Nadareishvili (; born 4 January 1957, Poti) is a Georgian composer. He graduated from the Tbilisi State Conservatory in 1987. The same year, his First String Quartet was awarded first prize at the Moscow All-Soviet Union Competition. (The piece was recorded by the St. Petersburg String Quartet and is available on the Delos label, along with Prokofiev's two string quartets.) Nadarejshvili currently teaches polyphony at Tbilisi State Conservatory and is a music editor at the Kvali Film Studio.

Baroque mounted Jacob Stainer violin from 1658 Beginning in the seventeenth century, composers began writing works to a higher emotional degree. They felt that polyphony better suited the emotional style they were aiming for and began writing musical parts for instruments that would complement the singing human voice. As a result, many instruments that were incapable of larger ranges and dynamics, and therefore were seen as unemotional, fell out of favor. One such instrument was the shawm.

Era Istrefi performing at the 2018 FIFA World Cup Final. Albanian folk music is contrasted by the heroic tone of the Ghegs and the relaxed sounds of the Tosks. Traditional iso-polyphony perhaps represents the most noble and essential genre of the Tosks which was proclaimed a Masterpiece of the Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO. Ghegs in contrast have a reputation for a distinctive variety of sung epic poetry often about the tumultuous history of the Albanian people.

The motet would become the most popular form of medieval polyphony. While early motets were liturgical or sacred (designed for use in a church service), by the end of the thirteenth century the genre had expanded to include secular topics, such as courtly love. Courtly love was the respectful veneration of a lady from afar by an amorous, noble man. Many popular motets had lyrics about a man's love and adoration of beautiful, noble and much-admired woman.

In Georgian traditional music, yodeling takes the form of krimanchuli technique, and is used as a top part in three- or four-part polyphony. In Central Africa Pygmy singers use yodels within their elaborate polyphonic singing, and the Shona people of Zimbabwe sometimes yodel while playing the mbira. The Mbuti of the Congo incorporate distinctive whistles and yodels into their songs. Living from hunting and gathering, they sing hunting and harvest songs and use yodelling to call each other.

Radman founded Pars Contemporary Orchestra in 2011 and performed several orchestral pieces in various styles of composition. He held workshops at the Royal Conservatoire of Antwerp based on “models of polyphony textures in Iranian music” in March 2017. He was also holding out seminars and concerts at Tehran and Shiraz University based on “techniques of composing in 20th century” and “Evolutions in composing in Iran”. Radman is a member of the Association of the Iranian Contemporary Music Composers (ACIMC).

In October 2003, Sony Computer Entertainment's announcement of a Polyphony Digital motorcycle racing game generated excitement among Gran Turismo fans, and the debut of Tourist Trophy at the 2005 Tokyo Game Show was met with good reviews. The game received "average" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. In Japan, Famitsu gave it a score of all four eights for a total of 32 out of 40. The game won IGN's award for Best PS2 Simulation of 2006.

L. Macy (Accessed 27 June 2006) (subscription access)] Gregorian melodies provided musical material and served as models for tropes and liturgical dramas. Vernacular hymns such as "Christ ist erstanden" and "Nun bitten wir den Heiligen Geist" adapted original Gregorian melodies to translated texts. Secular tunes such as the popular Renaissance "In Nomine" were based on Gregorian melodies. Beginning with the improvised harmonizations of Gregorian chant known as organum, Gregorian chants became a driving force in medieval and Renaissance polyphony.

During this time, the choir begins claps, snaps, and thigh smacks in order to imitate the sound of rain. A thunder sheet, bass drum, handbells, suspended cymbal, wind chimes, and piano contribute to the effect of a thunderstorm. The storm gradually builds then fades, and the ending of the piece mirrors the beginning section, with the choir arpeggiating as the piano voices block chords. "Cloudburst" was the title feature of an album by Stephen Layton's chamber choir Polyphony.

Other instruments used are violin, floghera and sterianó laouto. Notable composers include clarinist Petroloukas Chalkias and laouto player Vasilis Kostas. The polyphonic song of Epirus constitutes one of the most interesting musical forms, not only for the east Mediterranean and the Balkans, but also for the worldwide repertoire of the folk polyphony like the yodeling of Switzerland. Except from its scale, what pleads for the very old origin of the kind is its vocal, collective, rhetorical and modal character.

From 1961 to 1965 he taught at the University of Chicago, and following this at Brandeis University and Stony Brook University. Treitler's major work is in Medieval and Renaissance music, particularly in Gregorian chant and the earliest polyphony. He also published a series of essays exploring historiography in music history, which were collected, with other works on music history and theory, in Music and the Historical Imagination. He revised Oliver Strunk's Source Readings in Music History in 1998.

Wood carving of drummers, Baoule The music of Ivory Coast includes music genres of many ethnic communities, often characterised by vocal polyphony especially among the Baoulé, talking drums especially among the Nzema people and by the characteristic polyrhythms found in rhythm in Sub-Saharan Africa. Popular music genres from Ivory Coast include zouglou and Coupé-Décalé. A few Ivorian artists who have known international success are Magic System, Alpha Blondy, Dobet Gnahoré, Tiken Jah Fakoly, Meiway and Christina Goh.

Yulia Tsibulskaya was born in Leova, Bessarabia. She graduated from the Chișinău musical school (1954), the faculty of the theory and composition of the N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov Leningrad Conservatory (1960). She studied folklore themes in the works of Karol Szymanowski and Frédéric Chopin. The teachers of the conservatory who determined Yulia Tsibulskaya’s further creative way were V. N. Salmanov (orchestration, composition), Alla Petrovna Maslakovets (Maria Yudina’s disciple, piano), Theodosius Antonovich Rubtsov (folklore), Alexander Naumovich Dolzhanskiy (polyphony).

Albanian iso-polyphony is a traditional part of Albanian folk music and, as such, is included in UNESCO's intangible cultural heritage list. All four regions of southern Albania—Lalëria (Myzeqe), Toskëria, Çamëria, and Labëria—have polyphonic song as part of their culture. A related form of polyphonic singing is found in northern Albania, in the area of Peshkopi; Polog, Tetovo, Kičevo and Gostivar in North Macedonia; and Malësia in northern Albania and southern Montenegro.Ardian Ahmedaja, Gerlinde Haid (2008).

In 1903 and 1904, during his vacation from the Church-Educators' College, Leontovych travelled to St. Petersburg. There, he attended lectures held at the St. Petersburg Court Capella, which was associated with composers Maksym Berezovsky, Dmytro Bortniansky, and Mikhail Glinka. He studied music theory, harmony, and polyphony with Semen Barmotin, and choral performance with Puzarevskiy, both of whom were well known at the time. On 22 April 1904, he earnt his credentials as a choirmaster of church choruses.

"A Phantom Treatise of the Fourteenth Century? The Ars Nova", Journal of Musicology 4 (1985–6), pp. 23–50. However, the term was first used to describe an historical era only by Johannes Wolf in 1904. The term "ars nova" is often used in juxtaposition to another term, "ars antiqua", which refers to the music of the immediately preceding age, usually extending back to take in the period of Notre Dame polyphony (from about 1170 to 1320).

The one constant throughout the musical landscape is Islam, which defines the music's focus and the musicians' inspiration. Principal instrument types are two- or three-stringed lutes, the necks either fretted or fretless; fiddles made of horsehair; flutes, mostly open at both ends and either end-blown or side-blown; and jaw harps, either metal or, often in Siberia, wooden. Percussion instruments include frame drums, tambourines, and kettledrums. Instrumental polyphony is achieved primarily by lutes and fiddles.

Mennin wrote nine symphonies, several concertos, and numerous works for wind band, chorus, and other ensembles. His style became more chromatic and astringent with time, but was always essentially tonal, relying heavily on polyphony. His work received renewed attention in the CD era; all of his symphonies have been recorded, with the exception of the first two symphonies, which have been withdrawn. Juilliard awards an annual Peter Mennin prize for Outstanding Achievement and Leadership in Music.

Polyphony and counterpoint are common components, as is a varied rhythmic structure. The trumpet-based music of the Bandas has also gained some popularity outside the area due to its jazzy structure. The Ngbaka use an unusual instrument called a mbela, which is made with an arched branch and a string strung between the two ends and held in front of the musician's mouth. When the string is struck, the mouth is used to amplify and modulate the tone.

Homophony has appeared in several non-Western cultures,"Elements of Music – Part Six," Music in Our World (accessed October 11, 2006).Online perhaps particularly in regions where communal vocal music has been cultivated. When explorer Vasco da Gama landed in West Africa in 1497, he referred to the music he heard there as being in "sweet harmony".Annan Mensah, Atta. "The Polyphony of Gyil-gu, Kudzo and Awutu Sakumo," Journal of the International Folk Music Council, Vol. 19.

In the fall of 1927, Georgi Dimitrov became a student at the Warsaw Conservatory. His lecturers were the prominent Polish musicians Stanisław Kazuro, Kasimir Sikorsky, Grzegorz Fitelberg, Stanisław Viekhovich, and others, from whom he received a solid professional musical- theoretical training choral and symphonic conduction, harmony, polyphony, composition, voice production, violin. Of great importance for his prosperity is his communication with the then-head of the Polish music, Karol Szymanowski (1883-1970). Georgi Dimitrov married the artist Lyuba Palikarova.

Miloslav Kabeláč belongs to the most distinguished Czech composers of the 20th century. He soon created a distinctive style for which the auspicious melody and harmony, the ingenious polyphony and the consistent architecture of both small and large compositions are typical. His utmost expression was his conscious work with the intervals in which he emerged from non-European musical cultures. Kabeláč used here, for example, artificially numbered scale - mods whose internal course has a larger range than an octave.

The festival has its own courtyard in three central Ukrainian villages.Népszabadság Online In 2017, Fidelio Magazine elects him among the 50 most influential people in Hungarian culture in the frame of its KULT50 edition. In 2017, his team is granted the European Union's Creative Europe grant, for which he devised the application, as the founder and leader of the newly launched Polyphony Project. In connection with this, he enters partnership with the Ivan Honchar museum in Kiev.

Early on he abandoned academic serialism in favor of music inspired by Medieval mensural notation, Renaissance polyphony and Baroque counterpoint. For a period of time, he began each day with coffee and cigarettes, while composing a strict canon and fugue. His music was generally tonal or modal in character, often utilizing alternative tunings, modular forms, interlocking ostinatos and scores with open or flexible instrumentation. He was one of the earliest composers working in a post-minimal style.

The cantata opens with a chorale fantasia "with contrapuntal devices of awe- inspiring complexity". The movement in D major and common time elaborates on the first stanza of the hymn "" ("A Mighty Fortress Is Our God"). It adopts a motet technique of having the instrumental and vocal lines follow each other closely. The Bach scholar Klaus Hofmann noted that the style relates to the "vocal polyphony of the sixteenth century", when the Luther hymn was written.

Fitting a full-scale Gran Turismo on the PSP platform was a challenge for Polyphony Digital. Series director Kazunori Yamauchi stated that the main problem was trying to fit the game in such a small memory space. Regardless, Gran Turismo runs at 60 frames per second and takes up only 1GB of storage. Originally titled Gran Turismo 4 Mobile, the game was initially to have a release date sometime in April 2005 — however, it was notably absent from the 2004 Tokyo Game Show and then from E3 2005, a year after it was first announced. At the end of 2005, Sony Computer Entertainment announced that the game would be pushed back to sometime in 2006. Despite no news for most of 2006, Kazunori Yamauchi assured audiences that Gran Turismo for the PSP was still in development and on its way. Development was slowed to focus priorities on Gran Turismo 4 on the PlayStation 2 and Gran Turismo 5 on the PlayStation 3. Polyphony president Kazunori Yamauchi wanted the game to be a "fully specced" title, not merely "a subset to the series".

In 1936, Paz left the group to found his own concert series, the Conciertos de la Nueva Música . Paz was firmly opposed to the folkloristic approach to music that was widespread in Latin America in the 1930s and 1940s . Opinions differ about his earliest compositional styles. According to one authority, in the 1920s and early 1930s, his music was post-Romantic, with influences from César Franck and Richard Strauss ; another writer describes this same period (1920–27) as characterized by neoclassical polyphony .

The collection, Benedek Szőlősy's Cantus Catholici, was published in 1651, and wasn't followed by a Protestant version for about 90 years. Hungarian instrumental music was well known in Europe in the 16th century. The lutenist and composer Bálint Bakfark was especially famous, known as a virtuoso player of the lute; his works were collected and published as Intavolatura and Harmoniae musicae (published in 1553 and 1565 respectively). He was one of the pioneers of a style based on vocal polyphony.

Since the end of the 18th century, the term "mode" has also applied to pitch structures in non-European musical cultures, sometimes with doubtful compatibility . The concept is also heavily used with regard to Western polyphony before the onset of the common practice period, as for example "modale Mehrstimmigkeit" by Carl Dahlhaus or "Tonarten" of the 16th and 17th centuries found by Bernhard Meier (; ). The word encompasses several additional meanings, however. Authors from the 9th century until the early 18th century (e.g.

The name "tenor" derives from the Latin word tenere, which means "to hold". As Fallows, Jander, Forbes, Steane, Harris and Waldman note in the "Tenor" article at Grove Music Online: > In polyphony between about 1250 and 1500, the [tenor was the] structurally > fundamental (or 'holding') voice, vocal or instrumental; by the 15th century > it came to signify the male voice that sang such parts.Fallows, David ; > Jander, Owen; Forbes, Elizabeth; Steane, J.B.; Harris, Ellen T. & Waldman, > Gerald (2001). "Tenor". Grove Music Online.

The pipes on the front of the case are ornately diapered and were restored to their original colour scheme of lighter shades of red and green with gold motifs. Above the organ and choir loft are two gilded angels. Music for the Solemn Mass follows the decrees of the Vatican, and utilises Gregorian chant and polyphony on Sundays (with congregational English hymns), whilst for major solemnities there are classical organ and orchestral settings from the 17th to the 21st century.

Some of the earliest manuscripts with polyphony are organa from 10th century French cities like Chartres and Tours. The Saint Martial school is especially important, as are the 12th century Parisian composers at the Notre-Dame school from whence came the earliest motets. Secular music in medieval France was dominated by troubadours, jongleurs and trouvères, who were poets and musicians known for creating forms like the ballade (forme fixe) and lai. The most famous of the trouvère was Adam de la Halle.

5, 2015) soon after his departure as director of the Men's Camerata.Letter to the Editor, In Defense of the Men's Camerata (visited Apr. 5, 2015) The Suspicious Cheese Lords (founded in 1996) is a men's early music ensemble that focuses on the rediscovery of unknown Renaissance polyphony. Founded by a group of friends with a shared interest in the music of Thomas Tallis and currently comprising about a dozen members, the group's mission is to promote early music throughout the greater Washington area.

Witchey's articles on writing have appeared in The Writer, Writer's Digest, and other print and online magazines. His short fiction has appeared in numerous print and online anthologies and magazines, such as Polyphony, The Best New Writing 2012, Low Port, Short Story America, Realms of Fantasy, Space Squid, Fortean Bureau, Thug Lit, ClarkesWorld, Jim Baen's Universe and Writers of the Future. Witchey has won recognition and awards from New Century Writers, Writer's Digest, Writers of the Future, Ralan.com's Clincher Contest, Ralan.

GTPlanet's Jordan Greer Interview with Kazunori Yamauchi The success of GTPlanet has allowed Polyphony Digital to gain more feedback in an efficient process. Read GTPlanet's 10 Year Anniversary and Jordan's first Interview with Kazunori Yamauchi at the 2011 SEMA Auto Show. Through the past two years, GTPlanet has found the opportunity to be invited to many large scale gatherings and events. Such as the GT5 launch party in Madrid, a Need For Speed launch party SEMA in Las Vegas, and the GT Academy.

According to its designers, the Monomachine is designed to be a creative synthesizer and is not following the specs race as is common for today's synthesizers. The user manual states: > Synthesizers are available in many different types and forms. Nevertheless, > for most part they follow the norm how a synthesizer of its era is expected > to be. Development for musical tools generally comes in the form of new > synthesis techniques or an increase in polyphony, memory or other > quantitative elements.

In 1990 Phillips was the subject of a South Bank Show, introduced by Melvyn Bragg. It followed the course of renaissance polyphony through England and the Netherlands and was entitled "A Personal Odyssey". In 2013 he directed the Tallis Scholars in a 99-concert year of events, to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the group. Amongst other countries they visited New Zealand for the first time, Australia for the seventh time, Japan for the 14th time, and the US for the 61st.

In addition to his performance based work, Phillips has published specialist articles and new editions of rare music which have helped renaissance polyphony become more widely established. In addition he has written a regular column for the Spectator magazine on all aspects of classical music since January 1983, amounting to over 450 pieces. In 1989 he also wrote a cricket column. In 1995 he became the owner and publisher of the Musical Times – the oldest continuously published music journal in the world.

Opening of “Polistylistics in the sphere of neo-renaissance music of the East and West”, the essence of matter of which is union of tonal music of the East – mugham, European baroque and German classic polyphony, and also spiritual music of various religious confessions – Islam, Protestant and Catholic music, is the main creative conception of Arif Mirzoyev. Mirzoyev is also the author of the great amount of chamber-instrumental vocal and jazz music. At present he lives in Fulda, Germany.

The software controls all related hardware components and provides a user interface to allow for recording, editing, and playback. Computer-based DAWs have extensive recording, editing, and playback capabilities (and some also have video- related features). For example, they can provide a practically limitless number of tracks to record on, polyphony, and virtual synthesizers or sample- based instruments to use for recording music. DAWs can also provide a wide variety of effects, such as reverb, to enhance or change the sounds themselves.

As a musicologist, he edited numerous scholarly catalogues of music manuscripts. As a choir director, he was initially an assistant of Marcel Couraud from 1954 to 1958. From 1958 to 1970 he was cantor at the Paulus-Kirche, Stuttgart, conducting the . In 1960 he founded the Schola Cantorum Stuttgart, a vocal ensemble of 16 to 18 professional singers, with a repertoire focused on both classical vocal polyphony as contemporary music, performing more than 80 premieres and first performances of choral works.

William Byrd William Byrd (; birth date variously given as c.1539/40 or 1543 – 4 July 1623) was an English composer of the Renaissance. He wrote in many of the forms current in England at the time, including various types of sacred and secular polyphony, keyboard (the so-called Virginalist school), and consort music. Although he produced sacred music for Anglican services, sometime during the 1570s he became a Roman Catholic and wrote Catholic sacred music later in his life.

Turnbull, Michael, 'Rosslyn Chapel Revealed' (Sutton Publishing Ltd., November 2007) Sinclair founded the college to celebrate the Divine Office throughout the day and night, and also to celebrate Masses for all the faithful departed, including the deceased members of the Sinclair family. During this period, the rich heritage of plainsong (a single melodic line) or polyphony (vocal harmony) were used to enrich the singing of the liturgy. Sinclair provided an endowment to pay for the support of the priests and choristers in perpetuity.

62 The word 'texture', in this context, relates to the cognitive separation of auditory objects. In music, texture is often referred to as the difference between unison, polyphony and homophony, but it can also relate (for example) to a busy cafe; a sound which might be referred to as 'cacophony'. However texture refers to more than this. The texture of an orchestral piece is very different from the texture of a brass quintet because of the different numbers of players.

Five new schools were opened within four years of the act and by 1633 there were at least twenty-five. Most of those without song schools made provision within their grammar schools. Polyphony was incorporated into editions of the Psalter from 1625, but in the few locations where these settings were used, the congregation sang the melody and trained singers the contra-tenor, treble and bass parts.J. Wormald, Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), , pp. 187–90.

Three parts of the Codex Calixtinus include music: Book I, Appendix I, and Appendix II. These passages are of great interest to musicologists as they include early examples of polyphony. The codex contains the first known composition for three voices, the conductus Congaudeant catholici (Let all Catholics rejoice together); however, the extreme dissonance encountered when all three voices perform together has led some scholars to suggest that this was not the original intention.Taruskin, Richard. The Oxford History of Western Music, vol.

Song accompaniment was probably the lute's primary function in the Middle Ages, but very little music securely attributable to the lute survives from the era before 1500. Medieval and early-Renaissance song accompaniments were probably mostly improvised, hence the lack of written records. In the last few decades of the fifteenth century, to play Renaissance polyphony on a single instrument, lutenists gradually abandoned the quill in favor of plucking the instrument with the fingertips. The number of courses grew to six and beyond.

The third song is in A major, with a Lydian D-sharp. The text is full of word-play in the tradition of 16th- century chansons, and has been described as "a virtuosic display of tongue- twisting verbal dexterity", and compared to that of Stephen Sondheim's Into the Woods. "In his display of erudite demonic science, Ravel has mixed all traditions: ancient, medieval and even oriental" and the polyphony is becoming more and more virtuosic. This song shows features of Basque folk music.

This first LF-A concept car is featured in The Fast and the Furious, Forza Motorsport 4, 5 and 6, and Forza Horizon, 2, 3, and 4. Polyphony Digital, game developers for Sony Computer Entertainment announced that the Lexus LFA would make an appearance in Gran Turismo 5 on the PlayStation 3 game console. The LFA is one of over 1,000 cars featured in the game. In Gran Turismo 6 and Forza Horizon, it is joined by the LFA Nurburgring Package.

He is the winner of Chorus America's Louis Botto Award for Innovative Action and Entrepreneurial Zeal for his work with Schola Antiqua. Responding to the wide range of vocal forces required to sing plainchant and polyphony written before 1600, Schola Antiqua does not employ a set roster of singers for its programs. Rather it draws on a pool of professional vocal specialists in Chicago to suit the needs of each individual program. Rosters have ranged from six to ten members (male and female).

Gran Turismo 2 is a racing game for the PlayStation. Gran Turismo 2 was developed by Polyphony Digital and published by Sony Computer Entertainment in 1999. It is the sequel to Gran Turismo. It was well-received critically and financially, shipping 1.71 million copies in Japan, 20,000 in Southeast Asia, 3.96 million in North America, and 3.68 million in Europe for a total of 9.37 million copies as of April 30, 2008, and eventually becoming a Sony Greatest Hits game.

In: Rusudan Tsurtsumua and Joseph Jordania (editors), Echoes from Georgia: Seventeen Arguments on Georgian Polyphony (collection of essays). New York: Nova Science, pp.147-156 A system based on perfect fourths is mostly present in Eastern Georgia, but scales based on perfect fifths are spread wider, both in eastern and particularly western Georgia, as well as in Georgian Christian chants. In East Georgian table songs the scale system is based on a combination of the systems of fourth and fifth diatonic scales.

The Ivrea Codex (Ivrea, Biblioteca Capitolare, 115) is a parchment manuscript containing a significant body of 14th century French polyphonic music. The codex contains motets, Mass movements, and a handful of virelais, chaces, and ballades, composed in the middle of the 14th century."Sources, MS, VII: French Polyphony 1300-1420", in Grove Music Online (Accessed October 11, 2006), (subscription access) The notation is characteristic of the Ars Nova period. The manuscript is missing at least one gathering of Mass movements.

Because of the unpredictable entrances of each voice an improvisatory quality is suggested. In A Fool's Journey, it is the complex textures that create the illusion of improvisation. The complex layering of lines or polyphony in this example from "A Fool's Journey" purposely avoids the coming together of the independent voices. The Prelude to "Lament" for piano solo demonstrates another way to create the sense of improvisation by using a basso ostinato in the left hand and a rhythmically free right hand.

Professor at Kiev Conservatory since 1944. Musicians such as Emil Gilels, David Oistrakh, and Yakov Zak, among others,Yakov Zak, Stat'i, Materialy, Vospominaniia (Papers, Documents, Memoirs), Moscow, "Sovetskii Kompozitor": 1980, p. 125 (see ) studied his classes on special harmony and polyphony. M.Vilinsky composed For a complete list of works, see M. Mikhailov, M. M. Vilinsky, Kiev, 1962 symphonic suites, cantata, chamber music, virtuoso balladeEmil Gilels performed virtuoso Ballade in Form of Variations by M. Vilinsky L.A. Barenboim, Emil Gilels: tvorcheskiĭ portret artista.

If the two main notes are a second apart, or at an interval of a fourth or larger, musical context must decide the pitch of the plica tone . The climacus. climacus with ligature The climacus is a rapid descending scale figure, written as a single note or a ligature followed by a series of two or more descending lozenges. Anonymous IV called these currentes (Latin "running"), probably in reference to the similar figures found in pre- modal Aquitanian and Parisian polyphony.

The earliest polyphonic synthesizers were built in the late-1930s, but the concept did not become popular until the mid-1970s. Harald Bode's Warbo Formant Orguel, developed in 1937, was an archetype of a voice allocation polyphonic synthesizer. (also broken format page is remained here) Novachord by Hammond Organ Company, released in 1939, is a forefather product of frequency divider organs and polyphonic synthesizer. It uses octave divider technology to generate polyphony, and about 1,000 Novachords were manufactured until 1942.

K. Berger, Musica Ficta: Theories of Accidental Inflections in Vocal Polyphony from Marchetto Da Padova to Gioseffo Zarlino (Cambridge University Press, 2004), p. 36. Surviving work suggests that he was a traditionalist, defending the Pythagorean tuning and Guidonian pitch in the face of reforms proposed by Bartolomé Ramos de Pareja, but is chiefly notable for modifications to the pitch system to accommodate sharp and flat notes.T. Dumitrescu. The early Tudor court and international musical relations (Ashgate Publishing, Aldershot, 2007), p. 198.

Goehr is also committed to the reinvention of classical forms such as the Symphony, the classical Concerto, and the Baroque Suite (from his Suite Op. 11 of 1961 right up to Symmeteries Disorder Reach of 2007). Further sources of inspiration are the treatises on musical ornamentation by Carl Philip Emanuel Bach, and Monteverdi, whose synthesis of renaissance polyphony with the early baroque move towards homophony and the control of harmony clearly mirrors Goehr's own commitment to a harmonically expressive serialist practice.

In 1913, he was appointed lecturer of both piano and composition at the College of Music in Mannheim. After winning a further five major prizes for his works, he served four years in the army on the Italian Front during World War I. In 1916, he married Lilly Zwack, the daughter of a banker. After World War I, he returned to Mannheim to compose, developing a new style of polyphony. He received his Ph.D. degree from Heidelberg University in 1921.

Begun in the 19th century as a mixed voice choir, the St Mary's Cathedral Choir has been a traditional English-style cathedral choir of men and boys since 1955. There are usually 24 choristers (boy trebles and altos) and 12 lay clerks (professional countertenors, tenors and basses). The choir sings Mass and Vespers daily (excluding Friday) and is the oldest continuous musical institution in Australia. They perform works ranging from Gregorian Chant, Sacred Polyphony and Renaissance compositions to 21st century compositions.

The work is divided into 21 prayers, some of which are performed by bells alone, the notes of the bells being used to span the Latin, Greek and Hebrew chants intoned by the soloists. Prayer Bells is based on heterophony, as opposed to polyphony or harmony. This means that the melody or chant is used to create a harmonic accompaniment and structure to the chant. The bells are played in a variety of ways - rung, struck, bowed, rubbed and even dipped in water.

Nawal performs in 2017 Nawal is a musician from Comoros whose music draws on traditional Comorian influences and incorporates sounds from African and Arabic culture. Born into a musical family, she grew up with such sounds as dhikr (Sufi chanting) in mosques, twarab music, and popular music from the radio airwaves. She mixes Comorian rhythms with bantu polyphony, Indo-Arabian- Persian sounds and Sufi chanting into an acoustic roots-based fusion. She plays many instruments, including the guitar and qanbūs.

LSO Program for 2010-02-24 Totentango takes about 7 minutes to play. The music fuses together a plethora of dance styles in an intricate polyphony of rhythm. Tango melodies and snatches of Viennese waltz collide with habanera and techno in rapid succession as the music spirals towards obliteration. The virtuoso orchestral style contains a number of elaborate instrumental combinations whilst the lush string writing and use of muted brass is occasionally reminiscent of the film music of the 1940s.

The influence of the Low Countries may be discerned in the music of Oliver. One feature of the repertoire is the cultivation of dissonance, comparable perhaps to the music in the Cyprus Manuscript of a couple of decades later. Good examples can be heard in the music of John Cooke and Damett. A historically significant development was the occasional use of divisi, the earliest certain evidence of polyphony being sung by a choir of two or more voices per part.

At Notre-Dame, this culture became intertwined as its construction progressed. Composition of music and poetry was a culture that prevailed in the cathedral among its canons and dignitaries. In the cathedral, polyphony and organ music were reserved for solemn occasions at a time when acoustics were not well developed. Organizing of the music group in the cathedral was such that the polyphonic vocal choir singing musicians were set behind the tapestries whereas the organ was placed in the nave.

Konger is a Polish performance art group from Kraków, Poland, established in 1983 by a group of professional artists Polifonia głosów - KONGER (The polyphony of voices - KONGER), Fort Sztuki 1:2004, p. 36-37. in protest against the imposition of Martial law in Poland. The artists boycotted all state galleries and took up performance art instead, an obsolete medium in the eyes of the official art critics. The Group was founded by Wladyslaw Kazmierczak, Artur Tajber, Marian Figiel and Marcin Krzyżanowski.

The Canadian Jewish Review was founded in 1921 in Toronto by George and Florence Cohen (née Freelander) as a weekly newspaper, publishing in English. An office in Montreal was opened in 1929 and a Montreal edition commenced publication, also in English. The motivation to establish a Montreal edition was Quebec permitted the commercial advertising of liquor, while Ontario did not.Ben Keyfetz, Recollections and experiences with the Jewish press in Toronto . Polyphony, Summer, 1984, 228-231; as reprinted by Tiny Giant Webzine; www.tgmag.ca.

Hasse became known as a composer, conductor, educator, organizer and music writer. He has appeared in public with numerous symphonic compositions, suites, concertos, choral works, cantatas, songs, and piano and organ works. Following Max Reger's training, he almost always strived for a strict polyphony structure of the composition, which would result in a self-contained and uniform work of art. He was also instrumental in the German organ movement that began in the 1920s and led to the reconstruction of numerous old instruments.

Dave Knudson demonstrating his tapping technique. Dave Knudson is well known for his use of two-handed tapping. He uses this technique to create polyphony (countermelodies), whereby his right hand will tap a treble melody, whilst his left hand plays a bass accompaniment. This technique is most apparent on the album Highly Refined Pirates, where it is used on every single song (except the electronic interludes.) Dave is also known for his use of the Line 6 DL-4 delay modeller's sampler capability.

There are three ancient styles of singing in Lithuania connected with ethnographical regions: monophony, multi-voiced homophony, heterophony and polyphony. Monophony mostly occurs in southern (Dzūkija), southwest (Suvalkija) and eastern (Aukštaitija) parts of Lithuania. Multi-voiced homophony, widespread in entire Lithuania, is the most archaic in Samogitia. Traditional vocal music is held in high esteem on a world scale: Lithuanian song fests and sutartinės multipart songs are on the UNESCO's representative list of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.

In 1915, Rachmaninoff completed his second major choral work, All-Night Vigil (Op. 37), after he attended a performance of the Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom and felt disappointed with it. After spending two weeks writing the All-Night Vigil, he passed the score to Sergei Taneyev for proofreading and correcting errors in its polyphony, but it was returned unaltered. It was received so warmly at its Moscow premiere in aid of war relief that four subsequent performances were quickly scheduled.

In composition, he has developed the rhythmic, melodic and timbre elements of Iranian musical scales with an approach to both contemporary international music and the forms inspired by Iranian modal music. His interest and focus in composition is in introducing models inspired by Iranian folk music in polyphony, with an approach to contemporary music which is presented in different forms like orchestral, ensemble, solo, electronic and electroacoustic pieces. His several pieces are performed by various contemporary orchestras in Europe, America and Asia.

Polyphony Digital reused the physics engine, graphical user interface design, and all but one circuit from Gran Turismo 4. However, the number of NPC opponents has been reduced from five in the Gran Turismo series to only three. Tourist Trophy also uses the License School feature that was popularized by the Gran Turismo series, as well as the Photo Mode introduced in Gran Turismo 4. The B-spec mode, which appeared in Gran Turismo 4, is absent in Tourist Trophy.

Hiley, "Chant", Performance Practice: Music before 1600 p. 44. "The performance of chant in equal note lengths from the 13th century onwards is well supported by contemporary statements." While the standard repertory of Gregorian Chant was partly being supplanted with new forms of polyphony, the earlier melo-rhythmic refinements of monophonic chant seem to fall into disuse. Later redactions such as the Editio medicaea of 1614 rewrote chant so that melismata, with their melodic accent, fell on accented syllables.Apel, Gregorian Chant p. 289.

The internal synthesis architecture was based on the "AI Synthesis" system used in Korg's previous M and T-series synthesizers. The Wavestation offered 32-voice polyphony, up to four digital oscillators per patch, with a non-resonant low-pass filter and an amplifier block for each oscillator. Modulators, LFOs and envelope generators were offered as control sources for those blocks. The effects section contained two DSP blocks capable of a wide range of processing algorithms, such as reverb, delay, chorus, flanger, phaser, etc.

The chorus enters after 12 measures with "" (My soul magnifies the Lord). The cantus firmus is in the soprano, doubled by a trumpet, whereas the lower voices add free polyphony on motifs from the introduction. Bach treats the second verse similarly, but with the third verse, "" (for he has looked at the humble state of his handmaid), the cantus firmus appears in the alto. Certain words, such as "freuet" (rejoice) and "selig preisen" (call me blessed) are adorned with melismas.

31, 1677 by the famed villancico poet Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, which sings "tumba, la-lá-la, tumba la-lé- le/wherever Peter enters, no one remains a slave".Stevenson, "Ethnological Impulses." Other examples of "ethnic" villancicos include the jácara, gallego, and tocotín. Villancico composers, who typically held positions as maestro de capilla (chapel master) at the major cathedrals in Spain and the New World, wrote in many different renaissance and baroque styles, including homophony, imitative polyphony, and polychoral settings.

John Browne has the most compositions (10), followed by Richard Davy (9) and Walter Lambe (8). Stylistically, the music contained in the Eton Choirbook shows three phases in the development of early Renaissance polyphony in England. The first phase is represented by the music of Richard Hygons, William Horwood and Gilbert Banester. Most of the music of this early phase is polyphonic but non- imitative, with contrast achieved by alternation of full five-voice texture with sections sung by fewer voices.

The musical style is characteristic of the composer in the 1950s, combining rigorous, complex polyphony with lyrical radiance and simplicity. After the opening sequence of seven variations there is a fugue (incorporating part of Bach's organ fugue in B minor on a theme of Corelli) which in turn leads to 'a long slow ascent from darkness into light',Matthews, David (1980) Michael Tippett: An introductory study. Faber and Faber. p.60 in which cascading, swirling violins reach a highly charged, 'overtly erotic'.

Motor Toon Grand Prix 2 is a racing video game released in 1996. It was developed by a development group within SCE that later formed Polyphony Digital. It was released in the US as Motor Toon Grand Prix, since its predecessor never left Japan because it never sold well, although the European version kept the Japanese title for unknown reasons. In 2002, the game was re- released in Europe in a Twin Pack with Gran Turismo, Kazunori Yamauchi's following game.

Introduction and Allegro was composed in a neo-resurrected form of the Baroque concerto grosso. However, such solos are not confined solely to the solo quartet, but rather are distributed ever so often among the accompanying orchestra, such as at the first transition entering the Allegro. The solo quartet, however, often blend back into the orchestra, but rarely play exactly the same notes as the accompanying orchestra. Polyphony dictates much of the piece, often with multiple themes or motifs interleaving with one another.

The music of Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina is probably the most archetypical Cinquecento music. He simplified some of the complexities of the music of the time, and advocated a more homophonic style. He was partially reacting to the strictures of the Council of Trent, which discouraged excessively complex polyphony as inhibiting understanding the text. He was the foremost member of the Roman School, a group of composers of predominantly church music, in Rome, spanning the late Renaissance into early Baroque eras.

However, it is often considered to be a particular type of polyphonic texture similar to organum, but with modal rhythm. The music theorist Johannes de Garlandia favoured this description of copula. The term refers to music where the lower voice sings long, sustained notes (the chant or tenor) while the higher voices sing faster-moving harmony lines. This style is typical of what is referred to as Notre Dame Polyphony; examples of which can be found in the Magnus Liber Organi.

He has also worked as a music critic, editor and concert organiser. Rodas's works are published by Periferia Music (Barcelona) and Virtualscore (Paris). Patterns: personal vision of his sources (Andino I-Andino IV, Laúdico); sound-mass polyphony (Entropía, Arcaica); aleatorism (Fibris, Ramificaciones Temporales); formal research (Obsesiva, La, Melodías de Cámara); and unavoidably the meeting point of patterns ("24.5 Preludios for piano", the "Atonal Fugues" and the opera "El Árbol de los Pájaros"). In that work the plot stems from the interaction music - architecture.

A musician named Sant Omer or hailing from the French town of Saint-Omer near Calais is specified as the composer of a three-voice Sanctus in the early fifteenth century music manuscript, Padua, Biblioteca Universitaria, MS 1475. Fragments of the Sanctus are also found in a manuscript formerly in Budapest,Brewer, Charles. "The Historical Context of Polyphony in Medieval Hungary: An Examination of Four Fragmentary Sources," Studia Musicologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 32 (1990), pp. 5–21. discovered in 1990 but now lost.

During the Baroque period, monophony became the new modern style. The choral arrangement of four voices (soprano, alto, tenor, and bass) has since become common in Western classical music. Homophony began by appearing in sacred music, replacing polyphony and monophony as the dominant form, but spread to secular music, for which it is one of the standard forms today. Composers known for their homophonic work during the Baroque period include Claudio Monteverdi, Antonio Vivaldi, George Frideric Handel, and Johann Sebastian Bach.

It also saw the first publication of music in Hungary, in Kraków. At this time Hungarian instrumental music was well known in Europe; the lutenist and composer Bálint Bakfark, for example, was famed as a virtuoso player. His compositions pioneered a new style of writing for the lute based on vocal polyphony. The lutenist brothers Melchior and Konrad Neusiedler were also noted, as was Stephan Monetarius, the author of an important early work in music theory, the Epithoma utriusque musices.

The Gran Turismo official steering wheels (such as the GT FORCE or Driving Force, see the trademark symbols difference) are a series of racing wheels designed by Logitech (a.k.a. Logicool in Japan) in collaboration with Polyphony Digital. These racing games controllers are designed to be used with the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation 3 systems but later models can be used on PC as well due to their USB connection. The GT Force is the central part of a driving simulation cockpit installation.

These include (among others) Nürburgring, Circuit de la Sarthe, Tsukuba Circuit, Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca and Suzuka Circuit. New real-life circuits included in the game include (among others) Indianapolis Motor Speedway, Monza Circuit, Daytona International Speedway and two new Rome and Madrid city circuits. Many fictional circuits return from previous games in the series including 'Trial Mountain', 'Deep Forest Raceway' and 'Autumn Ring'. An official list of all tracks available in the game has been released by Polyphony Digital.

Tamia Valmont made her stage debut at the Châteauvallon Jazz Festival with Michel Portal, in France, in 1972. She took then part of various musical trends: improvised music, contemporary music, theater, and discovered affinity with extra-European music. She was commissioned in 1980 to perform solo at the Paris Festival d'Automne. On this occasion, she started using recording her voice successively on a multi-track tape to create what she called a "solo polyphony", a genre she would keep exploring in her career.

Counterpoint, which refers to the relationship between melodic lines, and polyphony, which refers to the simultaneous sounding of separate independent voices, are therefore sometimes distinguished from harmony. In popular and jazz harmony, chords are named by their root plus various terms and characters indicating their qualities. In many types of music, notably baroque, romantic, modern, and jazz, chords are often augmented with "tensions". A tension is an additional chord member that creates a relatively dissonant interval in relation to the bass.

Quintet writing in which two brass instruments (commonly trumpet and saxophone) may proceed in fourths, while the piano (as a uniquely harmonic instrument) lays down chords, but sparsely, only hinting at the intended harmony. This style of writing, in contrast with that of the previous decade, preferred a moderate tempo. Thin-sounding unison bebop horn sections occur frequently, but these are balanced by bouts of very refined polyphony such as is found in cool jazz. "So What" chord uses three intervals of a fourth.

After his musical studies according to the European curriculum at the Tashkent conservatory he graduated in 1959 with the state examination. Because of the Soviet cultural politics using the customary instruments was still permitted but mainly for a European repertoire. By the discrepancy between the monophonic Uzbek music and the European polyphony this constraints led to an artificial cultural hybrid. In spite of his artistic successes in Tashkent Ari Babakhanov returned to Bukhara, where he taught for the following 40 years at the music college.

In the last few decades of the fifteenth century, to play Renaissance polyphony on a single instrument, lutenists gradually abandoned the quill in favor of plucking the instrument with the fingertips. The number of courses grew to six and beyond. The lute was the premier solo instrument of the sixteenth century, but continued to accompany singers as well. In about the year 1500 many Iberian lutenists adopted vihuela de mano, a viol-shaped instrument tuned like the lute, but both instruments continued in coexistence.

Additionally, most of his works in this period are multi-movement works, rather than the extended single movements of Atmosphères and San Francisco Polyphony. From 1985 to 2001, Ligeti completed three books of Études for piano (Book I, 1985; Book II, 1988–94; Book III, 1995–2001). Comprising eighteen compositions in all, the Études draw from a diverse range of sources, including gamelan,Wilson 1992, .Chen 2007, 37.Arnowitt [2009]. African polyrhythms, Béla Bartók, Conlon Nancarrow, Thelonious Monk,Steinitz 2003, 292 and Bill Evans.

Alles 1976, pg. 7 The sound generator was fairly complex, containing 1,400 integrated circuits.Alles 1976, pg. 6 The first bank of 32 oscillators were used as master signals, and generally meant the system had up to 32-note polyphony (see below). A second set of 32 oscillators was slaved to one of the masters, generating the first N harmonics, where N was from 1 (first harmonic) to 127. Additionally there were a bank of 32 programmable filters, 32 amplitude multipliers, and 256 envelope generators.

In the 1980s and 90s, he made three trips around the world, traveling widely in Southeast Asia, where he was influenced by the musical traditions of Japan, Thailand, and Indonesia, returning with an extensive collection of musical instruments. In many of his works there is a sense of timelessness common to Buddhist practice and Christian prayer. The combined influences of Gregorian chant, Renaissance polyphony, Impressionism and Asian music led to a style more based in timbre and overlapping melodic lines (at times aleatoric) than in harmonic motion.

Frangipani Press, 1986. Typically Sermisy's chansons are chordal and syllabic, shunning the more ostentatious polyphony of composers from the Netherlands, striving for lightness and grace instead. Sermisy was fond of quick repeated notes, which give the texture an overall lightness and dance-like quality. Another stylistic trait seen in many of Sermisy's chansons is an initial rhythmic figure consisting of long-short-short (minim-crotchet-crotchet, or half- quarter-quarter), a figure which was to become the defining characteristic of the canzona later in the century.

Faraj Gara oglu Garayev (); December 19, 1943 in Baku) is an Azerbaijani composer, music instructor, professor, son of the prominent Azerbaijani composer Gara Garayev and one of the leading composers of post-Soviet period. In 1966, Garayev graduated from the Azerbaijan State Conservatoire, specialising in music composition, taught by his father Gara Garayev. In 1971, he finished his post-graduate studies. From 1966 to 2003, he taught composition, instrumentation and polyphony at the Azerbaijan State Conservatoire and from 1994 he has been a professor there.

The synthesis unit has a 16-note polyphony and 8-instrument multitimbral capability. The unit contains 100 preset instruments stored on ROM and an additional 100 user-configurable sounds. Multiple sounds can be layered into so-called performances to provide more interesting sounds than one instrument could provide alone. One common way to use this feature is to include several instances of the same instrument in the same performance while detuning each of them slightly to create a "thicker" or more lively sound. e.g.

Grove He is known for only one extant treatise "Tractatus de Musica" which was an encyclopedic treatment of the most important aspects of music in the Middle Ages: ars musica, mensural polyphony, mathematical treatments of music, and ecclesiastical chant. He copied large chunks of earlier music treatises. These included Boethius' De institutione musica and the treatises of Johannes Cotto, Johannes de Garlandia, Franco of Cologne and Petrus de Picardia. The treatise was probably compiled after 1272, and the only extant manuscript was probably copied before 1304.

A motet by Marchetto da Padova appears to have been composed for the dedication on 25 March 1305.Anne Robertson 'Remembering the Annunciation in Medieval Polyphony' Speculum70 (1995), 275–304 The chapel is also known as the Arena Chapel because it was built on land purchased by Enrico Scrovegni that abutted the site of a Roman arena. The space was where an open-air procession and sacred representation of the Annunciation to the Virgin had been played out for a generation before the chapel was built.

He also spent one year with Hindemith at the University of Zurich, Switzerland. Loach joined the University of Virginia faculty in 1964. Loach was popular as a professor, noting in a 1972 Cavalier Daily interview that his classes were oversubscribed and that growth in the music department was inevitable. During his tenure as director of what was then known as the University of Virginia Glee Club he developed a choral section of countertenors, which enabled the ensemble to perform a wider repertory including masterpieces of Renaissance polyphony.

The most important publication of the IRCTP is the proceedings of the biannual symposia. They are usually prepared under the editorship of Rusudan Tsurtsumia and Joseph Jordania. All the papers of the previous symposia are freely available on the website of the IRCTP on both Georgian and English languages Papers presented at the Symposia Bulletins are another periodic publication of the IRCTP Bulletins of the Polyphonic Center Centre also published several collections of the articles, including Seventeen Arguments on Georgian Polyphony and numerous audio and video materials.

Georgian vocal polyphony was maintained for millennia by village singers, mostly local farmers. From the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century a great number of gramophone recordings of Georgian village singers were made. Anzor Erkomaishvili was paramount in recovering these recordings and re- issuing them on a series of CDs. Despite the poor technical quality of the old recordings, they often serve as the model of high mastery of the performance of Georgian traditional songs for contemporary ensembles.

Gran Turismo (GT) is a series of racing simulation video games developed by Polyphony Digital. Developed for PlayStation systems, Gran Turismo games are intended to emulate the appearance and performance of a large selection of vehicles, most of which are licensed reproductions of real-world automobiles. Since the franchise's debut in 1997, over 80 million units have been sold worldwide for the PlayStation, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, and PlayStation Portable, making it the highest selling video game franchise under the PlayStation brand.

Their 2014 effort Sing thee Nowell scored the ensemble a second GRAMMY nomination, following the critically acclaimed release Times go by Turns (2013). Prior to signing with BIS Records, New York Polyphony released two albums on the British label Avie Records: I sing the birth (2007) and Tudor City (2010). Both received substantial critical acclaim, with the latter reaching #6 on the Billboard classical chart in June 2010. In 2011, a Gregorian chant remix competition sponsored by Indaba Music resulted in the digital album Devices and Desires.

The embedded computer generates thirty-two ADSR envelopes (two per channel, one with delay) and sixteen LFO sweep signals in software. Signals from the levers, pedals, control panel or the keyboard are all encoded digitally, processed by the computer, and sent to the synthesizer channels on the voice cards via several multiplexed analog control lines and a number of digital control registers. Sound programs can use one channel per voice to produce sixteen-voice polyphony. However, more synthesizer power is available when channels are paired together.

Music in the Balkans, p.381. Brill. . Throughout the areas of Istria and the Kvarner Gulf the distinctive vocal singing has spread, consisting of alternating half and whole steps, which, particularly in older singers' and instrumentalists' renditions, are untempered. The songs are sung by pairs of singers (male, female, or mixed) in a characteristic two-part polyphony in minor thirds (or major sixths) with a cadence to a unison or an octave. Singers distinguish the higher (na tanko 'thin') part from the lower (na debelo 'fat').

In 2006, Darren Cox of Nissan made a promotional deal with Sony Computer Entertainment UK that brought fans of PlayStation driving games for a day of driving in Nissan cars. After the event, one of the driving instructors explained that the skills of some of the video gamers made a clear impression on the track. Nissan Europe and Sony Computer Entertainment Europe recognised the value of the concept and after two years, GT Academy was born. The Gran Turismo series from Polyphony Digital Inc.

However, the five original sections (numbers 1, 3, 6, 10, & 11) were so heavily influenced by chant that the composer called them "conscious counterfeits". Rachmaninoff's work is a culmination of the preceding two decades of interest in Russian sacred music, as initiated by Tchaikovsky's setting of the all-night vigil. The similarities between the works, such as the extensive use of traditional chants, demonstrates the extent of Tchaikovsky's influence; however, Rachmaninoff's setting is much more complex in its use of harmony, textual variety and polyphony.

Vladimir Martynov began studying early Russian religious chant in the late 1970s; he also studied Renaissance music of such composers as Machaut, Gabrieli, Isaac, Dufay, and Dunstable, publishing editions of their music. He became interested in the brand of minimalism developing in the Soviet Union in the late 1970s: a static, spiritually-inspired style without the shimmering pulse of American minimalism. The timeless quality of chants and the lack of a sense of bar lines in Renaissance polyphony entered into his version of minimalism.Biography at peoples.

As a tribute to Gamper DLB released three albums featuring the long time trio Dempster, Gamper and Oliveros: Octagonal Polyphony (Important Records, vinyl), Great Howl at Town Hall (Important Records, CD) and Needle Drop Jungle (Taiga Records, vinyl). The band celebrated its 25th Anniversary with a weeklong residency culminating in a concert at the Dunrobin Sonic Gym in Ontario, Canada in October 2013.Sourced through the Deep Listening Institute archive and Deep Listening Band Live at the Dunrobin Sonic Gym on the Dunrobin Sonic Gym website.

Son of Joseph Ferré, staff manager at Monte-Carlo Casino, and Marie Scotto, a dressmaker of Italian descent from Piedmont, he had a sister, Lucienne, two years older. Léo Ferré had an early interest in music. At the age of seven, he joined the choir of the Monaco Cathedral and discovered polyphony through singing pieces by Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina and Tomás Luis de Victoria. His uncle, former violinist and secretary at the Casino, used to bring him to performances and rehearsals at the Monte Carlo Opera.

By decisions of the Stoglavy Sobor, church ceremonies and duties in the whole territory of Russia were unified, and norms of church life were regulated with the purpose of increasing the educational and moral level of the clergy to ensure they would correctly fulfill their duties, such as creation of schools for preparation of priests.Jack E. Kollmann, "The Stoglav and Parish Priests," Russian History 7, Nos. 1-2(1980): 65-91. In particular, the Sobor forbade the tradition of polyphony and other shortcuts in liturgy.

Aside from hardware changes, the OB-Xa had better interface features than the OB-X. These included being able to split the keyboard into two halves with different voices and the ability to layer voices to create thicker sound (essentially making two notes sound for every key pressed). Polyphony stayed the same - again 4, 6 and 8-voice models were offered. One function that did disappear from the OB-X voice architecture was cross modulation, or frequency modulation of the first VCO with the second VCO.

Polyphony Digital has also been involved in real life automotive projects. They have developed special versions of their Gran Turismo games for many car manufacturers as demonstrators for their cars. Nissan also commissioned them to design a special bodykit for their 350Z coupe, which first appeared in 'GT Concept: 2002 Tokyo – Geneva' as the "Nissan 350Z Gran Turismo Aero", later becoming the "Fairlady Z NISMO S-Tune Concept by GRAN TURISMO" in GT4. There was also a faster 'Z-Tune' version with minor styling revisions and 400PS.

The Roland ED SC-8850 (Sound Canvas) is a GS-compatible MIDI sound module released in 1999 by Roland under the name RolandED. The SC-8850 was the first sound module to incorporate the new General MIDI Level 2 standard. The SC-8850 uses a PCM sampling engine based on that of the SC-88 Pro, and supports 128-voice polyphony with 64-part multitimbrality. It came preloaded with the soundsets of all older Sound Canvas models, as well as the CM-32 and MT-32.

The General MIDI (GM) standard was established in 1991, and provides a standardized sound bank that allows a Standard MIDI File created on one device to sound similar when played back on another. GM specifies a bank of 128 sounds arranged into 16 families of eight related instruments, and assigns a specific program number to each instrument. Percussion instruments are placed on channel 10, and a specific MIDI note value is mapped to each percussion sound. GM-compliant devices must offer 24-note polyphony.

A general opinion quickly formed that the GM's 128-instrument sound set was not large enough. Roland's General Standard, or GS, system included additional sounds, drumkits and effects, provided a "bank select" command that could be used to access them, and used MIDI Non-Registered Parameter Numbers (NRPNs) to access its new features. Yamaha's Extended General MIDI, or XG, followed in 1994. XG similarly offered extra sounds, drumkits and effects, but used standard controllers instead of NRPNs for editing, and increased polyphony to 32 voices.

First page of the original edition of Hanacpachap cussicuinin Hanacpachap cussicuinin (modern orthography: Hanaq pachap kusikuynin) is an anonymous hymn to the Virgin Mary in the Quechua language but in a largely European sacred music style. Composed before 1622,Bruce Mannheim, "A Nation Surrounded," in Native Traditions in the Postconquest World, ed. Elizabeth Hill Boone and Tom Cummins, 383–420 (Dumbarton Oaks, 1998), 388. Franciscan friar Juan Pérez Bocanegra published it in 1631, making it the earliest work of vocal polyphony printed in the New World.

Sheppard was probably born around 1515, judging from his statement in 1554 that he had been composing music for twenty years.Magnus Williamson (ed.) "John Sheppard: Hymns, Psalms, Antiphons and other Latin Polyphony", Early English Church Music 54 (London: Stainer & Bell Ltd, 2012), p.xi. Nothing certain is known about his early life. The first undoubted sighting of him occurs when he was probably in his later twenties, as informator choristarum at Magdalen College, Oxford. He served in this capacity during 1541-2 and again from 1544-8.

During the Medieval period the foundation was laid for the notational and theoretical practices that would shape Western music into the norms that developed during the common practice era. The most obvious of these is the development of a comprehensive music notational system; however the theoretical advances, particularly in regard to rhythm and polyphony, are equally important to the development of Western music. Kýrie Eléison XI (Orbis Factor) from the Liber Usualis. The modern "neumes" on the staff above the text indicate the pitches of the melody.

Izolda Barudžija (, ) is a Serbian and former Yugoslav singer born in Belgrade.Izolda Barudzija Facebook profile From 1978 to 1982, she sang in the student choir Branko Krsmanović in Belgrade and had a solo part in the vocal group Pop polifonija (Pop Polyphony) as well as a variety of live TV and Radio performances such as with Jazz Orchestra Radio Belgrade.Izolda Barudzija- Manojlovic . musicbox-oxana.de (in German) She represented Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1982 with her band Aska, and finished in 14th place.

In 1998, E-mu was combined with Ensoniq, another synthesizer and sampler manufacturer previously acquired by Creative Technology.Rob Keeble, "30 Years of EMU" , Sound On Sound, Sep 2002 In 2001 E-mu's sound modules were repackaged in the form of a line of tabletop units, the XL7 and MP7 Command Stations, each featuring 128-voice polyphony, advanced synthesis features, and a versatile multitrack sequencer. A complementary line of keyboard synthesizers was also released using the same technology. Subsequent products from E-mu were exclusively in software form.

Greek folklore festival in Dervican, August 2014. Epirote folk music has several unique features not found in the rest of the Greek world. Singers from the Pogon region (as well as in the Greek part of Upper Pogoni) perform a style of polyphony that is characterized by a pentatonic structure, and also appears in the music of nearby Albanian and Vlach populations. Another type of polyphonic singing in the region seems to have features in common with the lament songs () sung in some parts of Greece.

Most basse danse music is in binary form with each section repeated . The basse danse was often followed by a tourdion, due to their contrasting tempi, and these were danced and composed in pairs en suite like the "pavane and galliard" and the "allemande and courante" (; ). Early music consisted of songs based on a tenor cantus firmus and the length of the choreography was often derived from the verse of the chanson. In performance three or four instrumentalists would improvise the polyphony based on this tenor.

In 1974 he completed a music textbook entitled Sixteenth-Century Vocal Polyphony. In the same year he was awarded an honorary Doctorate of Music from the New England Conservatory. Cooke suffered a stroke in 1981, hampering his organ playing and choir directing, and he turned to composing full-time during the last 14 years of his life. On May 18, 1995, at the age of 84, he died in his sleep at his home in Lexington, Massachusetts, where he had lived for 51 years.

In 1987 he was appointed head of the music theory department and teacher of counterpoint, music history, aesthetics and composition at the Badalona Conservatoire. Roger's music has its roots in the Second Viennese School and has developed gradually towards an aesthetic free of academic restraints. At times, the morphological structure of his music displays a markedly contrapuntal mentality which, by its audacity, seems to establish a link with the inquiring spirit of Renaissance polyphony. On the other hand, he occasionally displays a clearly homophonic tendency.

As a teacher, from 1971, he was instrumental in promoting young talent at the piano. The pianist Roberta Pili is considered to be his direct musical and pianistic successor, as she is an enthusiastic mentor for the young pianists' generation by teaching the polyphonic piano playing, remembering her teacher. In 1993 he took on the position of guest professor of composition, piano and musical analysis at the University of Belgrade. Llywelyn is known for his music, characterized by hyper-polyphony and a meditative quality of timelessness.

After the Fantom-X, Roland produced its successor, the Fantom-G, which included twice the waveform memory, more patches, 128 voice polyphony,advanced and easy to use sequencer. Fantom-G accepts new ARX wave expansion cards, has larger full- color screen, 16 insert effects per patch and other improvements. A partial follow up to the Roland Fantom-X is the Integra-7 sound module. It does not have sequencer, sampler or other functions, however it does contain the waveforms of all SRX boards at a time.

Wheatland Press is an independent book publisher, specializing in science fiction, fantasy, and horror short story and poetry collections. It was founded in 2002 by Deborah Layne. Although the number of books it produced tailed off significantly in 2006, Wheatland Press has published some remarkable work in a very short time, including works by Ben Peek, Bruce Holland Rogers, Lucius Shepard, Steven Utley, Jerry Oltion, and Howard Waldrop. The Press's series of original anthologies, Polyphony, has consistently ranked among the best in the field.

With the addition of further parts, the compositions became known as motets, the most important form of polyphony of the period. Pérotin's two Graduals for the Christmas season represent the highest point of his style, with a large scale tonal design in which the massive pedal points sustain the swings between consecutive harmonies, and an intricate interplay among the three upper voices. Pérotin also furthered the development of musical notation, moving it further from improvisation. Despite this, we know nothing of how these works came about.

This led to the establishment of singing schools attached to monasteries, the most notable being the Novgorod school. Ivan IV, moved the Novgorod school to Moscow to increase the Kremlin’s prestige. The Tsar was also a composer of chant, two of which still exist today in readable and performable condition. Polyphony also appears during this time period in the form of heterophony, which in the Russian tradition meant multiple singers singing the base chant and freely improvising around it while retaining strong ties to the core chant.

The OB-X was the first Oberheim synthesizer based on a single printed circuit board called a "voice card" (still using mostly discrete components) rather than the earlier SEM (Synthesizer Expander Module) used in Oberheim semi-modular systems, which had required multiple modules to achieve polyphony. The OB-X's memory held 32 user-programmable presets. The synthesizer's built-in Z-80 microprocessor also automated the tuning process. This made the OB-X less laborious to program, more functional for live performance, and more portable than its ancestors.

Stephen David Layton (born 23 December 1966) is an English conductor. Layton was raised in Derby, where his father was a church organist. He was a chorister at Winchester Cathedral, and subsequently won scholarships to Eton College and then King's College, Cambridge as an organ scholar under Stephen Cleobury. Whilst studying at Cambridge, Layton founded the mixed-voice choir Polyphony in 1986. He was appointed the musical director of the Holst Singers in 1993, replacing Hilary Davan Wetton, who had founded the group in 1978.

The Larousse Encyclopedia Of Music stated, "His music is remarkable for its dramatic power and emotional intensity, qualities particularly evident in the fifteen Deutsche Sprüche von Leben und Tod, which reveal his sure command of techniques ranging from fluent polyphony to chordal writing." John C. Hughes of The Choral Journal wrote, "Upon deeper investigation, one finds Lechner's Passion not only to be a well-constructed work of art ... but also a strong influence upon later contributions to the Passion genre." He is listed as an ecumenical saint.

He created a musical idiom which, in a highly personal manner, combined 16th-century polyphony with Wagnerian chromaticism, to which in later years was added the impressionistic refinement that he encountered in Debussy's music. Willem Pijper (1894–1947) is generally considered one of the most important figures in modern Dutch music. Between 1918 and 1922 he grew into one of the more advanced composers in Europe. In each successive work he went a step further and, from 1919, Pijper's music can be described as atonal.

A few centuries later, the city became the capital of a prince- bishopric, which lasted from 985 till 1794. The first prince-bishop, Notger, transformed the city into a major intellectual and ecclesiastical centre, which maintained its cultural importance during the Middle Ages. Pope Clement VI recruited several musicians from Liège to perform in the Papal court at Avignon, thereby sanctioning the practice of polyphony in the religious realm. The city was renowned for its many churches, the oldest of which, St Martin's, dates from 682.

All voices begin in unison with a slow rising scale in halfnotes, beginning with D. For "and my spirit has rejoiced", they move in lively rhythm, calming to the halfnotes for "in God, my saviour". With similar attention to detail, Wood set the words, with the choir often in homophony. Polyphony is reserved for the doxology "Glory be to the father". In the Nunc dimittis, set in triple meter and marked Adagio, the basses alone sing most of the canticle text of the old Simeon.

The second stage in Byrd's programme of liturgical polyphony is formed by the Gradualia, two cycles of motets containing 109 items and published in 1605 and 1607. They are dedicated to two members of the Catholic nobility, Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Northampton and Byrd's own patron Sir John Petre, who had been elevated to the peerage in 1603 under the title Lord Petre of Writtle. The appearance of these two monumental collections of Catholic polyphony reflects the hopes which the recusant community must have harboured for an easier life under the new king James I, whose mother, Mary Queen of Scots, had been a Catholic. Addressing Petre (who is known to have lent him money to advance the printing of the collection), Byrd describes the contents of the 1607 set as "blooms collected in your own garden and rightfully due to you as tithes", thus making explicit the fact that they had formed part of Catholic religious observances in the Petre household. The greater part of the two collections consists of settings of the Proprium Missae for the major feasts of the church calendar, thus supplementing the Mass Ordinary cycles which Byrd had published in the 1590s.

Several schools of polyphony flourished in the period after 1100: the St. Martial school of organum, the music of which was often characterized by a swiftly moving part over a single sustained line; the Notre Dame school of polyphony, which included the composers Léonin and Pérotin, and which produced the first music for more than two parts around 1200; the musical melting-pot of Santiago de Compostela in Galicia, a pilgrimage destination and site where musicians from many traditions came together in the late Middle Ages, the music of whom survives in the Codex Calixtinus; and the English school, the music of which survives in the Worcester Fragments and the Old Hall Manuscript. Alongside these schools of sacred music a vibrant tradition of secular song developed, as exemplified in the music of the troubadours, trouvères and Minnesänger. Much of the later secular music of the early Renaissance evolved from the forms, ideas, and the musical aesthetic of the troubadours, courtly poets and itinerant musicians, whose culture was largely exterminated during the Albigensian Crusade in the early 13th century. Forms of sacred music which developed during the late 13th century included the motet, conductus, discant, and clausulae.

Bach makes relatively little use of polyphony, and in this motet there is a remarkable absence of a fugue. On the other hand, he uses Venetian polychoral style more than usually. According to John Eliot Gardiner, he explores the responsorial possibilities of the two four-part choirs much further than the Venetian pioneers of polychoral writing, and the formal dialogues between two choirs in works by Giovanni Gabrieli and Heinrich Schütz. The music is structured in two parts, a concerto and an aria, with the concerto subdivided in sections.

Thus, one phrase might be soloistic, the next set in imitative polyphony, the next homophonic, the next an instrumental tutti, and so on. Alternatively, a chorus could declaim a text homophonically while violins played in an entirely different style at the same time – in a different register, in a different location in the church, all performed over a basso continuo. The stile concertato spread throughout Europe and was particularly dominant in Italy and Germany, later forming the basis of the Baroque concerto, the concerto grosso, and the German cantata.

Mravalzhamieri () is a Georgian folk song, the title and the one-word text of which can be translated as "[may you live] a long life". It is a popular and widespread toasting song, with dozens of different versions from the countryside of both eastern and western parts of Georgia. There are also several variants of "urban" Mravalzhamieri, originally from Tbilisi. Mravalzhamieri is typically sung in three-voice polyphony, in which two highly improvised melodic parts are developed on the background of a pedal drone in a free metre.

Faraualla is an Italian female vocal quartet from the region of Apulia, which explores vocal polyphony. The group was formed in Bari in 1995 and consists of: Gabriella Schiavone, Teresa Vallarella, Marinella Dipalma, & Serena Fortebraccio. The group also works with the percussionists Cesare Pastanella and Pippo D'Ambrosio. The group explores the use of voice as a musical instrument, studying and incorporating sounds from a diverse group of places, times and cultures among which are: Apulia, Corsica, Bulgaria and Tahiti, which deal with the traditional music of gypsies, Moravians, Ars Nova, and Southern Italy.

This is partly because of changes in human physiology and partly because of fluctuations in pitch. The term first came into use in England during the mid-17th century and was in wide use by the late 17th century. However, the use of adult male falsettos in polyphony, commonly in the soprano range, was known in European all-male sacred choirs for some decades previous, as early as the mid-16th century. Modern-day ensembles such as the Tallis Scholars and the Sixteen have countertenors on alto parts in works of this period.

The Oberheim OB-8 is a subtractive analog synthesizer launched by Oberheim in early 1983 and discontinued in 1985. It belongs to the OB-X product line of polyphonic compact synthesizers and is successor to the OB-Xa. The number of production was about 3,000 units. The OB-8 features eight-voice polyphony, two-part multi-timbrality, a 61-note processor-controlled piano keyboard, sophisticated programmable LFO and envelope modulation, two-pole and four-pole filters, arpeggiator, external cassette storage, MIDI capability and 120 memory patches, 24 bi-timbral patches, and used the Z80 CPU.

There traditionally was no polyphony, instead voices and instruments performed the same melody in unison but varied in timing and ornamentation. Narrative structures are a part of most Buryat folk music, often in the form of epic tales, and the last song of famous leaders; these include the Last Song of Rinchin Dorzhin. Under Soviet control, Buryat folk music was sanitized and mostly allowed in forms that were supportive of the state's power. This period saw state-approved songs recollecting events such as the Civil War and the Great Patriotic War.

Since 1984 he has been a professor at the Faculty of Music of Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, where he teaches Aesthetics and Sociology of Music, Polyphony and Harmony, Analysis of Musical Forms, Introduction into Arts Business, Sonology and Multimedia, and Electronic Music. In addition, he has been teaching at the University of Niš Faculty of Arts (Vocal literature, Music Styles, Research Methodologies, Arts Business, Aesthetics of Music, Composition and Digital Sound Processing) since 2007. Honorary Doctorate of University of Niš has been awarded to Prof. Dr. Dimitrije Buzarovski on November 18, 2014.

The Eastern monodic singing observes the tradition of Greek and Byzantine music as well as the requirements of the eight-voices polyphonic canon of the Eastern Orthodox Church. The second tradition is the choral church music, established during the nineteenth century, when in Bulgaria enters the influence of Russian polyphonic choral church music. Many Bulgarian composers (Dobri Hristov, Petar Dinev, etc.) create their works in the spirit of Russian polyphony. Today Orthodox music is alive and is performed both during church worship services and at concerts by secular choirs and soloists.

Largely self-taught as a composer, Sametz's style is influenced by Gregorian chant, Renaissance polyphony, French Impressionism, the works of Igor Stravinsky and world music. His early exposure to choral singing, beginning in fifth grade, gave him a predilection for singing lines and communication of expressive text through music. Beginning with some of his earliest works (e.g.: e.e, cummings’ thy fingers make early flowers, (1972) for soprano solo and string quartet; Farewell (1972) setting Kahil Gibran's text for a cappella chorus) it is the expressive line of the text that guides the compositional process.

He has had fellowships and visiting professorships at the University of Oxford (British Academy, 2002), Riemenschneider Bach Institute (2004), at the Free University of Berlin (Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, 2005-2007), and at the University of Chicago (Mellon Foundation, 2010).'Die Autoren', in Federico Celestini and Andreas Dorschel, Arbeit am Kanon. Ästhetische Studien zur Musik von Haydn bis Webern (Vienna, London, and New York: Universal Edition, 2010), 232. His areas of interest include music of the 18th-21st centuries, approaches to music from cultural studies, music aesthetics, and medieval polyphony.

" This can be understood by studying the Prologue to the cycle. The texture remains triadic, typical of the polyphony of that time, but modulates so often that the listener quickly loses the original tonal center. Lowinsky's discussion has led to other quandaries on the topic of the tonal coherence of the prologue. William J. Mitchell, takes issue with Lowinsky's conclusion and suggests that "perhaps the erosion of any stable tonal center is less the fault of Lasso, who seems to have made a splendid effort, than of the analysis which is indeed atonal.

Adam de la Halle Adam de la Halle, also known as Adam le Bossu (Adam the Hunchback) (1240–1287) was a French-born trouvère, poet and musician. Adam's literary and musical works include chansons and jeux-partis (poetic debates) in the style of the trouvères; polyphonic rondel and motets in the style of early liturgical polyphony; and a musical play, "Jeu de Robin et Marion" (c. 1282–83), which is considered the earliest surviving secular French play with music. He was a member of the Confrérie des jongleurs et bourgeois d'Arras.

17th century portrait of Krystof Harant by Jacob von Sandrart Kryštof Harant of Polžice and Bezdružice (, 1564 - June 21, 1621) was a Czech nobleman, traveler, humanist, soldier, writer and composer. He joined the Protestant Bohemian Revolt in the Lands of the Bohemian Crown against the House of Habsburg that led to Thirty Years' War. Following the victory of Catholic forces in the Battle of White Mountain, Harant was executed in the mass Old Town Square execution by the Habsburgs. As a composer he represented the school of Franco-Flemish polyphony in Bohemia.

This first concert included music by Obrecht, Ockeghem and Lassus. After the foundation of Gimell Records in 1980, the Tallis Scholars have gone on to fill many gaps in the recording catalogue, making discs devoted to such relatively unknown composers as Obrecht, Ockeghem, Cardoso, White, Clemens, Gombert and Mouton. Since winning the Gramophone Record of the Year Award in 1987, the Tallis Scholars have been recognised as perhaps the world's leading ensemble in interpreting renaissance polyphony. Phillips first met the composer John Tavener in 1977, which led to a lifelong friendship.

She was also there to witness Carpio's first international competition as Choirmaster (and the Madz's first competition after 7 years) at the 2004 International Competition of Habaneras and Polyphony in Torrevieja, Spain, where the Madz won First places for both categories and was also the last choir to do so. In December 2005, she suffered a massive stroke which led to her paralysis. The Madz performed benefit concerts, the proceeds of which were used to help the Veneracion family with Ma'am OA's medical expenses.The Sweet Sound of Victory – The Manila Times, June 25, 2006.

24–25 The brief final act, which sees Orfeo's rescue and metamorphosis, is framed by the final appearance of the ritornello and by a lively moresca that brings the audience back to their everyday world.Ringer (2006), p. 89 Throughout the opera Monteverdi makes innovative use of polyphony, extending the rules beyond the conventions which composers normally observed in fidelity to Palestrina. He combines elements of the traditional 16th-century madrigal with the new monodic style where the text dominates the music and sinfonias and instrumental ritornellos illustrate the action.

The term, which derives from the Greek ἀήρ and Latin aer (air) first appeared in relation to music in the 14th century when it simply signified a manner or style of singing or playing. By the end of the 16th century, the term 'aria' refers to an instrumental form (cf. Santino Garsi da Parma lute works, 'Aria del Gran Duca'). By the early 16th century it was in common use as meaning a simple setting of strophic poetry; melodic madrigals, free of complex polyphony, were known as madrigale arioso.

Byrd's first known professional employment was his appointment in 1563 as organist and master of the choristers at Lincoln Cathedral. Residing at what is now 6 Minster Yard Lincoln, he remained in post until 1572. His period at Lincoln was not entirely trouble-free, for on 19 November 1569 the Dean and Chapter cited him for 'certain matters alleged against him' as the result of which his salary was suspended. Since Puritanism was influential at Lincoln, it is possible that the allegations were connected with over-elaborate choral polyphony or organ playing.

Gudule in Brussels in 1469–1470, as an adult (tenor) singer; this is considered very likely to have been him.Meconi, 2003, p. 5 In 1471 he was in Ghent at the Jacobskerk as a part-time singer, paid from the cathedral's miscellaneous fund, suggesting he was brought in for special performances of polyphony. Subsequently, he was employed in Nieuwpoort in 1472, at the church of Onze-Lieve-Vrouw, probably initially as a temporary arrangement, but by the end of the year the church authorities hired him on a more permanent basis.

A baroque flute and recorder player, conductor and vocalist, he deals with the so-called historically informed interpretation of early music. After studying at the Conservatory in Teplice (transverse flute and recorder, later also conducting with Jan Valta), for which he was awarded the Leoš Janáček Foundation Prize in 2007, he graduated at the Charles University in Prague in the field of Historical Music Practice – Baroque Transverse Flute by Jana Semerádová (2011) and Musicology at the Faculty of Arts (2017). Under the direction of Rebecca Stewart, he also studied vocal polyphony.

The Audi e-tron Vision Gran Turismo is available for virtual driving in the Polyphony Digital racing game, Gran Turismo Sport. Two versions exist in the game, with one of them (which does not exist in the real world) scrapping the "e-tron" moniker and opting for a 3.4-liter turbocharged V6 engine with hybrid assistance from a single electric motor. The Audi e-tron Vision Gran Turismo featured in the game has a significantly more conceptualized and fictitious interior compared to its real world counterpart's more conventional race car design.

The SC-7 is 16-part multitimbral with 28-voice polyphony. Individual sounds use one or two voices. It complies to the General MIDI System Level 1 Specification with 128 sounds, 6 drum sets (derived from GS drum sets) digital reverb/delay and chorus effects. The Roland SC-7's ROM samples sound similar with other Roland Sound Canvas and other Roland products from the same era, for example, the Roland SCC-1, the Roland SC-55, the Roland XP-10 synthesizer, and the Roland E-Series Intelligent Keyboard lineup.

In 1870, the manuscript was burnt and destroyed when the library housing it in Strasbourg was bombed during a siege on the city. It is possible to reconstruct parts of the manuscript because portions of it had been copied in various sources; Christian Maurice Engelhardt copied the miniatures in 1818, and the text was copied and published by Straub and Keller between 1879 and 1899. Hortus deliciarum is one of the first sources of polyphony originating from a convent. The manuscript contained at least 20 song texts, all of which were originally notated with music.

The synthesizer had a four-note variable polyphony (in addition to twelve fixed-tone oscillators and a white noise source). The synthesizer was very difficult to set up, requiring extensive patching of analog circuitry prior to running a score. Little attempt was made to teach composition on the synthesizer, and with few exceptions the only people proficient in the machine's usage were the designers at RCA and the engineering staff at Columbia who maintained it. Princeton University composer Milton Babbitt, Babbitt describes the acquisition and use of the machine in an interview segment.

Music which contains drones and is rhythmically still or very slow, called "drone music",For information on early and other uses of drones in music around the world, see for example (American Musicological Society, JAMS (Journal of the American Musicological Society), 1959, p. 255: "Remarks such as those on drone effects produced by double pipes with an unequal number of holes provoke thoughts about the mystery of drone music in antiquity and about primitive polyphony.") or (Barry S. Brook & al., Perspectives in Musicology, W. W. Norton, 1972, , p.

In 1562/1563, the third portion of the Council of Trent addressed issues of music in the Church. Most paraliturgical music, including all but four Sequences were banned. An outright ban on polyphonic music was debated behind the scenes, and guidelines were issued requiring that church music have clear words and a pure, uplifting style. Although the tales of Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina "rescuing" polyphony with the Missa Papae Marcelli are no longer accepted by scholars, Palestrina's music remains the paradigm of the musical aesthetic promoted by the Church.

As a composer, he had been completely self-taught from an early age. He created a musical idiom which, in a highly personal manner, combined 16th- century polyphony with Wagnerian chromaticism, to which in later years was added the impressionistic refinement that he encountered in Debussy's music. His predominantly vocal output is distinguished by the high quality of the texts used. Apart from the Ancient Greek dramatists and the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church, he was inspired by, among others, Goethe, Novalis, Vondel, Brentano, Hölderlin, Heine, Nietzsche, Baudelaire and Verlaine.

Though cheaper than the Roland MC-909, it has a number of features the Roland MC-909 lacked including double the polyphony (128-voice) and motorized faders. It lacks SRX card expandability, and turntable emulation, which the Roland MC-909 has. It supports more flash memory (1GB CompactFlash,) and more RAM (up to 512MB,) than did the Roland MC-909. It has a 2-line segment built-in LCD that is less flexible - similar to the late Roland MC-505, and much smaller than the Roland MC-909 large LCD screen.

Eastern Christian liturgical music has ancient Byzantine roots, with a particular focus on chants. Traditions such as Russian Znamenny chant, Ukrainian Kievan chant, and Carpatho-Rusyn Prostopinije are unique within Christendom, and are a distinguishing feature of Russian, Ukrainian, and Carpatho-Rusyn liturgical music. The sacred chants and the polyphony (multi-part singing) found in much folk and secular music were difficult to reconcile. The Eastern Churches eventually relaxed their restrictions on the performance of polyphonic chant, and multi-part church music began to develop in the seventeenth century.

The Novation SuperNova, released in 1998, was a 3U rack-mounted virtual analogue polyphonic synthesizer with 16+ note polyphony and multitimbral operation, made by the British company Novation. Unique to the Supernova was the addition of multiple effects options which were retained per part in multi-timbral use, allowing a much richer sound than had generally been possible with a multitimbral synthesizer. The SuperNova and its successor, the SuperNova II, have been used by a wide range of artists including Orbital, ATB, The Faint, Ozric Tentacles, Sin, Jean Michel Jarre and A Guy Called Gerald.

He worked as a music editor at Bulgarian National Television from 1967 to 1969 and as a lecturer at the National Music School "Lyubomir Pipkov" in Sofia from 1974 to 1977. Since 1990 he has been teaching polyphony at the Pancho Vladigerov State Academy of Music; in 2005 he was promoted professor. His works have been performed in Armenia, Russia, Georgia, Austria, France, Germany, Slovakia, and Italy. Bulgarian music festival appearances include New Bulgarian Music, Varna Summer Festival, Musica Nova, Holland-Bulgarian Music Festival, and the Festival of American and Bulgarian Music.

Most feature two main points of imitation: the first concludes on the mediant cadence of the mode, and so, Titelouze writes, the organist can shorten any verset during the service by substituting this cadence with one on the final. Most fugue subjects are derived from the chant; there are many double fugues and inversion fugues in the collection. Four-voice polyphony is employed throughout the collection. The music is much more forward-looking than in the Hymnes (see Example 2 for an excerpt from one of the inversion fugues).

The Privia is a line of digital pianos and stage pianos manufactured by Casio. They have 4-layer stereo piano samples and up to 256 notes of polyphony, depending on model. All Privia models feature some kind of weighted keyboard action which simulates the action on an acoustic piano. First introduced in 2003, the Privia was originally designed to be a new competitor to other brands like Yamaha, Roland, and Kawai in budget digital piano products, but since then more exclusive pianos has been added to the line as well.

In the High Middle Ages, the need for large numbers of singing priests to fulfill the obligations of church services led to the foundation of a system of song schools, to train boys as choristers and priests. From the thirteenth century, Scottish church music was increasingly influenced by continental developments. Monophony was replaced from the fourteenth century by the Ars Nova consisting of complex polyphony. Survivals of works from the first half of the sixteenth century indicate the quality and scope of music that was undertaken at the end of the Medieval period.

The TS series sported 32-note polyphony, integrated 24-bit effects engine, (with 48 bit accumulation) a 30,000 note sequencer (expandable to over 100,000 via memory chips) which featured up to 24 tracks, full MIDI capabilities. The design was a direct evolution of Ensoniq's previous VFX and SD synthesizers. While the synthesis structure lacked a resonant filter, which limited the sample+synthesis possibilities, the TS could read ASR wavesamples directly. This feature allowed musicians to play sounds from a vast library of sample disks and CD- ROMs (via SCSI expansion option).

The keyboard contains a scaled-down version of Yamaha's Advanced Wave Memory (AWM) tone generation system, which is a PCM sample-based synthesis engine. The samples are an adaptation of Yamaha's earlier PortaTone series of home keyboards produced between 1997 and 2006, as well as the MU-series sound modules produced from 1994 to 2002. It features a 32-note polyphony with 16-part multi-timbral support and Yamaha XG Lite sound set. One notable feature of the keyboard is "Portable Grand", a function that instantly sets the keyboard to a stereo-sampled piano sound.

The M1 features a 61-note velocity- and aftertouch-sensitive keyboard, 16-note polyphony, a joystick for pitch-bend and modulation control, an eight-track MIDI sequencer, separate LFOs for vibrato and filter modulation, and ADSR envelopes. Data can be stored on RAM and PCM cards. The M1 has a ROM with four megabytes of 16-bit PCM tones, including, according to Sound on Sound, "exotic instruments that previously hadn't been heard in the mainstream". The sounds include sampled attack transients, loops, sustained waveforms without attack transients, and percussive samples.

Dan Voiculescu (born 20 July 1940 in Saschiz, died 29 August 2009, in Bucharest) was a Romanian composer, doctor of musicology (1983), professor of counterpoint and composition at the Music Academy in Cluj-Napoca (since 1963) and the National Music University of Bucharest (since 2000), and a member of the Union of Romanian Composers and Musicologists (since 1965). His musicological studies fill a niche in the Romanian bibliography; they are significant contributions towards understanding the polyphony of 20th-century classical music. His compositions are performed frequently, both in Romania and abroad.

His major project is primarily focused on a series entitled, "cycle des exils", an epic, composed so far of seven published volumes. review of latest volume His style is to emphasise the similarity between significant historical events that are chronologically separated, as it were a recurrent polyphony that challenges traditional linear ways of presenting history. The poem, "the saga" progresses by gathering together references to oral history, anecdotes and authorised versions.Isabelle Ewig, "L'histoire de l'art à l'épreuve des arts poétiques", in Il Particolare, n° 17/18, 2007, p. 138-139.

In the context of polyphonic composition the term voice may be used instead of part to denote a single melodic line or textural layer. The term is generic, and is not meant to imply that the line should necessarily be vocal in character, instead referring to instrumentation, the function of the line within the counterpoint structure, or simply to register. The historical development of polyphony and part-writing is a central thread through European music history. The earliest notated pieces of music in Europe were gregorian chant melodies.

Gran Turismo is a sim racing video game designed by Kazunori Yamauchi. Gran Turismo was developed by Polys Entertainment and published by Sony Computer Entertainment in 1997 for the PlayStation video game console. The game's development group was later established as Polyphony Digital. After five years of development time, it was well-received publicly and critically, shipping a total of 10.85 million copies worldwide as of March 2013 (making it the best- selling PlayStation game), and scoring an average of 95% in GameRankings' aggregate, making it the highest rated racing video game of all-time.

There is no specific musical style that characterizes the music of the New Venice movement: their musics are varied and include influences from serialism (e.g., the music of Rubin de Cervin and his disciple, Sinopoli); and musical elements from jazz are evident (e.g. the music of Baratello) with a strong emphasis on modern polyphony. Certainly, their influences include the indigenous history of Venetian music, including the influence of Arnold Schoenberg and the Second Viennese School; and experimental serial and post-serial developments at Darmstadt, specifically the music of Karlheinz Stockhausen.

Sistine Chapel Miserere (full title: Miserere mei, Deus, Latin for "Have mercy on me, O God") is a setting of Psalm 51 by Italian composer Gregorio Allegri. It was composed during the reign of Pope Urban VIII, probably during the 1630s, for the exclusive use of the Sistine Chapel during the Tenebrae services of Holy Week, and its mystique was increased by unwritten performance traditions and ornamentation. It is written for two choirs, of five and four voices respectively, singing alternately and joining to sing the ending in 9-part polyphony.

The AX-Synth extends the keyboard to 49 keys (from the AX-7's 45) and also adds dedicated V-Link functionality to control audio and video onstage. It runs on 8 AA batteries or an external power source. It has 264 built in tones, 128-voice polyphony, and a 3-character LED display. The AX-Synth also has all of the AX-7's stage performance functions such as the touchpad-like pitch bend ribbon, expression bar, sustain switch, and volume control knob, all on the upper neck of the instrument.

The music of Guatemala is diverse. Music is played all over the country. Towns also have wind and percussion bands that play during the lent and Easter-week processions as well as on other occasions.. Guatemala also has an almost five- century-old tradition of art music, spanning from the first liturgical chant and polyphony introduced in 1524 to contemporary art music. Much of the music composed in Guatemala from the 16th century to the 19th century has only recently been unearthed by scholars and is being revived by performers.

The digital oscillators are built around a specialized circuitry (based on ASIC), in charge of playing back samples stored in DRAM. Each DRAM chip stores 262,144 bits, and there are 12 memory chips used in parallel to store the 12 bits samples. A 16-channel digital to analog converter unit generates the 16 oscillator signals (8 voices of polyphony with 2 oscillators per voice), being fed into the analog processing unit built around 8 VCF/VCA chips, each of them being controlled by voltages generated from the 63B03 processor board.

Vincenzo Galilei thought highly of Bardi, and dedicated his famous Dialogo della musica antica et della moderna to him. In the Dialogo, Galilei condemns polyphony, praises monody, and expresses the wish that the musical practice of the ancient Greeks would be restored; corrupt and incomprehensible contemporary music would be replaced with an idealized version of the supposed music of the ancient time. The Counter-Reformation Council of Trent had just finished condemning polyphonic practice, for the same supposed fault (it was too hard to understand the sung text), but for spiritual rather than secular reasons.

Hajibeyov resolved this problem by using contrapuntal polyphony and unison-doubling rather than four- part singing in the problematic sections. Hajibeyov devoted much energy to the idea of integrating woman's role and status into the male-dominated world. The concept of women's emancipation runs through many of his works often in the form of comedy or satirization as in the case when he makes fun of the process of selecting marriage partners, a process hindered by the fact that women were still wearing veils until the 1920s when the Soviet regime prohibited them.

I p. 471-473 Portinaro likely wrote most of his motets both while in Rome in the service of Cardinal Ippolito II d'Este, and some date from his earliest, undocumented years. These works also show the influence of Netherlandish polyphony such as practiced by Willaert in nearby Venice.Archetto, Grove online The only instrumental music assigned to Portinaro is a series of lute intabulations which he published in Venice within the book on lute-playing by Florentine humanist, music theorist, lutenist, and composer Vincenzo Galilei (the father of the astronomer).

In 1830 he was made Canon and Kapellmeister of Regensburg cathedral. Despite these new duties, Proske continued to spend hours transcribing and arranging ancient polyphony, and rounded up the greatest singers in his city in order to have them sight- sing his newly copied manuscript to check for part-writing errors. In 1853 Proske initiated the publication of his invaluable "Musica Divina", the fourth volume of which appeared in 1862 (finished by such prominent students as Franz Xaver Haberl). This was followed by a "Selectus Novus Missarum", in two volumes (1857–61).

European music between 800 and 1100 became more sophisticated, more frequently requiring instruments capable of polyphony. The 9th-century Persian geographer Ibn Khordadbeh mentioned in his lexicographical discussion of music instruments that, in the Byzantine Empire, typical instruments included the urghun (organ), shilyani (probably a type of harp or lyre), salandj (probably a bagpipe) and the lyra. The Byzantine lyra, a bowed string instrument, is an ancestor of most European bowed instruments, including the violin. The monochord served as a precise measure of the notes of a musical scale, allowing more accurate musical arrangements.

His writings survive in two partial copies from Bury St Edmunds; one from the 13th century, and one from the 14th. Along with Johannes de Garlandia and Franco of Cologne, whose work precedes his, Anonymous IV's writings are the main source for understanding the Notre Dame school of polyphony. He wrote about Léonin and Pérotin, thereby assigning names to two of the composers of the music of the Notre Dame school who otherwise would have been anonymous. Léonin and Pérotin are among the earliest European composers whose names are known.

The Casio SK-1 is a small sampling keyboard made by Casio in 1985. It has 32 small sized piano keys, four-note polyphony, with a sampling bit depth of 8 bit PCM and a sample rate of 9.38 kHz for 1.4 seconds, a built-in microphone and line level input for sampling, and an internal speaker. It also features a small number of four-note polyphonic preset analog and digital instrument voices, and a simple additive voice. All voices may be shaped by 13 preset envelopes, portamento, and vibrato.

From 2001-2007, he was the Director of the Cultural Heritage Directorate at the Ministry of Tourism, Culture, Youth and Sports. In 2005, he met all the obligations as an expert of ethnomusicology to prepare the file of the Albanian folk iso-polyphony, proclaimed by UNESCO as a “Masterpiece of Oral Heritage of Humanity”. In 2008, he was elected as a member of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Albania, in 2013, as a scientific secretary and in 2019 as the Deputy Chairperson of the Academy of Sciences of Albania.

The synthesizer's main features are six-voice polyphony (with unison and chord memory voice assignment modes), 32 memory slots for patches and cassette port for backing up patches, and an arpeggiator. At the time of its release, the Polysix, along with the contemporary Roland Juno-6, was one of the first affordably priced polyphonic analog synthesizers. It cost about twice as much as the competing Juno-6 but had more features. It also had on-board patch storage and backup which the cheaper Juno lacked until the upgraded Juno-60 model.

Melodies of differing types and styles have been created by the people in various spheres and stages of life, joyful or sad, from birth to death. Ashiks (Turkish Minstrels), accompanying themselves on the saz, played the most important role in the development and spread of Turkish folk music. Musicias did not use accompaniment with saz, because Turkish Traditional Music was monophonic. Musicians played the same melody of a song but, when musicians hit the middle and upper strings(These strings must be played without touching keyboard of saz) polyphony was used.

Adrian Willaert and Nicolas Gombert are generally recognized as the exemplars of the late Franco-Flemish school, before the center of Renaissance art-music moved to Italy. A Fleming, Willaert relocated to Italy and along with the originally Flemish composer Orlando di Lasso brought the Franco-Flemish style of simultaneously dense and lyrical counterpoint to Italy. Like Willaert, Gombert brought the polyphonic style to its highest state of perfection; if imitation is a common device in Josquin, it is integral in Gombert. Gombert's style is characterized by dense, inextricable polyphony.

Capilla Flamenca specialises in Franco-Flemish polyphony, focusing on the music of around 1500. Recordings and performances of religious and profane works by Pierre de la Rue, Josquin des Prez, Heinrich Isaac, Johannes Prioris, Jacob Obrecht, to name just a few, have been executed since the ensemble's formation in the 1980s. Over the years, the group's interest has expanded to include earlier music, most notably the so-called Ars Nova and Ars Subtilior of the 14th century. The group's recordings and performances are characterised by musicological research and by attention to authentic performance.

Capilla Flamenca is a vocal and instrumental early music consort based in Leuven, Belgium. The group specialises in 14th to 16th century music from Flanders and takes its name from the historical Flemish chapel (capilla flamenca), the choir of the court chapel of Emperor Charles V. When the emperor left Flanders in 1517, he took his best musicians with him to Spain to accompany him as "living polyphony". The ensemble's Artistic Director, Dirk Snellings, died in 2014. The ensemble had ceased performing in November of the previous year.

In 1957, Russell was one of six composers (three jazz, three classical) Brandeis University commissioned to write a piece for its Festival of the Creative Arts in the context of the first experiments in third stream jazz. Russell wrote a suite for orchestra, "All About Rosie", that featured Evans, among other soloists. "All About Rosie" has been cited as one of the few convincing examples of composed polyphony in jazz. A week before the festival, the piece was previewed on TV, and Evans's performance was deemed "legendary" in jazz circles.

Orff's style demonstrates a desire for directness of speech and of access. Carmina Burana contains little or no development in the classical sense, and polyphony is also conspicuously absent. Carmina Burana avoids overt harmonic complexities, a fact which many musicians and critics have pointed out, such as Ann Powers of The New York Times."Not Medieval but Eternal; In Its Sixth Decade, Carmina Burana Still Echoes" by Ann Powers, The New York Times (14 June 1999) Orff was influenced melodically by late Renaissance and early Baroque models including William Byrd and Claudio Monteverdi.

Most boys sing in the Choir and learn Gregorian chant. Other repertoire includes Mozart, Bach and Handel, although renaissance polyphony tends to dominate. The Choir made a tour of Sweden in 2004, visited Sicily in summer 2008 the UK in summer 2009 and Rome in February 2012. In Holy Week 2014 the Choir made a pilgrimage from Tui to Santiago de Compostella (about 110 km on foot over 5 days.) En route they sang three concerts and also sang at a Solemn Mass in the Cathedral of Compostella.

Trio Kavkasia (L-R: Alan Gasser, Stuart Gelzer, Carl Linich. Trio Kavkasia is a U.S. trio performing traditional vocal polyphony from Georgia (country). Trio Kavkasia (Georgian word for Caucasus) was formed in 1994 by Alan Gasser, Stuart Gelzer and Carl Linich, three Americans who together have more than sixty years of experience singing the traditional music of Georgia. They sing concerts and lead workshops in North America, and they have made several extended visits to Georgia to study with singers there, both in professional ensembles and in remote villages.

These used microprocessors for system control and control voltage generation, including envelope trigger generation, but the main sound generating path remained analog. The MIDI interface standard was developed for these systems. This generation of synthesizers often featured six or eight voice polyphony. Also during this period, a number of analog/digital hybrid synthesizers were introduced, which replaced certain sound-producing functions with digital equivalents, for example the digital oscillators in synthesizers like the Korg DW-8000 (which played back PCM samples of various waveforms) and the Kawai K5 (waveforms constructed via additive synthesis).

The Prophet-5 uses five voices of polyphony. Each voice is assigned two VCOs. Both oscillators can generate sawtooth waves and square waves (with variable pulse width), and the second oscillator can also generate a triangle. The oscillators can be played in sync, or in "Poly-Mod", with oscillator B and the filter ADSR envelope modulating the frequency, pulse width, and filter of oscillator A. A dedicated low-frequency oscillator (saw, square, or triangle) is also present to modulate the pulse width and/or pitch of oscillators A and B and filter cutoff frequency.

This technique expands the harmonic and timbral possibilities of the instrument in extraordinary ways: for example, one can play simultaneously 4, 3, 2, and 1 string, with contrasting polyrhythmic articulations between the two bows. Non-adjacent strings can also be accessed. One bow can be played near the bridge while the other is near the fingerboard. She has used over 75 different tunings in her compositions using this technique, each producing new harmonic possibilities and exotic timbres plus a polyphony and independence of voices that her previous work with a single curved bow couldn't obtain.

Since polyphony is the most complex of all musical textures, it comes as no surprise that Introduction and Allegro is an attempt to show the virtuosity of each musician performing the piece. Much of the piece focuses on the tremendous virtuoso-technicalities within the violin parts. After all, the piece "fully [reflects] Elgar's first-hand knowledge as a former violinist himself". This however adds complications in the lower-frequency instruments, particularly in the bass part, which can clearly be seen as one of the most challenging of string orchestra repertoire.

After paghjella's revival in the 1970s, it mutated. In the 1980s it had moved away from some of its more traditional features as it became much more heavily produced and tailored towards western tastes. There were now four singers, significantly less melisma, it was much more structured, and it exemplified more homophony. To the people of Corsica, the polyphony of paghjella represented freedom; it had been a source of cultural pride in Corsica and many felt that this movement away from the polyphonic style meant a movement away from paghjella's cultural ties.

Sheet music from the 1806 edition of Lvov and Pratsch collection Lvov collaborated with composer Yevstigney Fomin, "by far and away the ablest native-born Russian composer of his period"Taruskin, p. 7. on a folk singspiel The Coachmen (, 1787), "the highest at which Russian opera before Glinka ever aimed"Taruskin, p. 12. and "astonishingly faithful to those of genuine oral polyphony." The Coachmen was written in 1786 as a one-time event to mark Catherine's visit to Tambov (a new town managed by Lvov's buddy Derzhavin)Ritsarev, p. 201.

In music, galant refers to the style which was fashionable from the 1720s to the 1770s. This movement featured a return to simplicity and immediacy of appeal after the complexity of the late Baroque era. This meant simpler, more song-like melodies, decreased use of polyphony, short, periodic phrases, a reduced harmonic vocabulary emphasizing tonic and dominant, and a clear distinction between soloist and accompaniment. C. P. E. Bach and Daniel Gottlob Türk, who were among the most significant theorists of the late 18th century, contrasted the galant with the "learned" or "strict" styles (; ).

The work begins with a sinfonia and then alternates choral movements and arias. There are no recitatives, no da capo repeats, and there is no chorale tune, unusually for Bach's cantatas. Bach makes extensive use of choral fugues and imitative polyphony, often shifting the tempo and character of the music within movements very quickly to accommodate a new musical idea with each successive phrase of text. The sinfonia and the opening choral movement are both based on the motive of an octave leap followed by five descending half steps.

The style of the composition is influenced by the two major currents of the period: Italian polyphony and the technique of English virginalists. From the Italian style Sweelinck assimilated the beauty of counterpoint, while from the virginalists he developed the virtuosity of passages, arpeggios, and fioriture (ornamentation). The dance includes a theme (although the score labels it 1e Variatie) and four variations (or five, if we count the theme as a first variation). The theme of the composition, which forms the basis for the variations, offers the improviser considerable of freedom.

The Siel Orchestra is an analogue subtractive synthesizer, which was produced by Italian manufacturer Siel from 1979 to 1982. The original Orchestra was very limited but still a very characteristic instrument for its time. It produces its sounds from a divide-down oscillator network and therefore has 49 note (unlimited) polyphony. Although it contains 4 sections of presets (Brass, Strings, Reed and Piano), each which contain two sounds, the only parameters that can be edited are Vibrato (LFO), Brilliance (for the Brass, which also has a separate 'Brass Attack'), Attack and Decay.

The cantata is scored like chamber music, especially compared to the chorale cantatas on the same chorale with a melody by Severus Gastorius. In the opening chorus, the mostly homophonic setting of the voices, with the oboes playing colla parte, is complemented by strings dominated by the first violin as an obbligato instrument rather than an independent orchestral concerto. The final line is in free polyphony, extended even during the long last note of the tune. All voices have extended melismas on the word "" (govern), stressing that God is "ultimately in control".

Harvard Dictionary of Music, p. 473. During the late 15th century, cantus firmus technique was by far the most frequent method used to unify cyclic masses. The cantus firmus, which at first was drawn from Gregorian chant, but later from other sources such as secular chansons, was usually set in longer notes in the tenor voice (the next-to-lowest).Lockwood, Grove The other voices could be used in many ways, ranging from freely composed polyphony to strict canon, but the texture was predominantly polyphonic but non-imitative.

In 1993, Suhubiette took over the management of the Ensemble Jacques Moderne, whose founder Jean-Pierre Ouvrard died at the end of 1992. It was the beginning of a new musical adventure that immersed him in the universe of a cappella polyphony of the French, English and Spanish Renaissance music to which he dedicated some of his recordings. (Regnard, Jean Mouton, Guerrero, Morales). Very soon, he extended the ensemble's repertoire to the composers of the 17th and 18th centuries, giving a preponderant place to the works of the first German Baroque, (Schein, Schütz and Buxtehude).

Most of Pérotin's works are in polyphonic form of discant, including the quadrupla and tripla. Here the upper voices move in discant, as rhythmic counterpoint above the sustained tenor notes. This is consistent with Anonymous IV's description of him as optimus discantor. However, like Léonin, he is likely to have composed in every musical genre and style known to Notre Dame polyphony. Pérotin's dates of activity have been approximated from some late 12th century edicts (Statuta et donationes piae) of the Bishop of Paris, Odo (Eudes de Sully) (1196–1208), in 1198 and 1199.

RADIAS also takes advantage of KKS Korg Komponent System which allows the user to detach the RADIAS-R module from the dedicated RADIAS-KB keyboard. The RADIAS-R module could be bought separately but the keyboard can not. The RADIAS-R module can be installed on the M3-73 or M3-88 and played simultaneously with the Korg M3 module using the M3's keyboard. SuperSaw waveforms and Unison mode, the RADIAS has the ability to stack up to five waveforms in one oscillator, using only one voice of polyphony.

The Hua Yue Tuan (华乐团), or "Chinese orchestra," is made up of traditional Chinese musical instruments and some Western instruments. The music itself combines western polyphony with Chinese melodies and scales. Although the bulk of its repertoire consists of music originated from Hong Kong, Taiwan and China, many local Chinese orchestras also regularly perform Malay folk tunes with various local composers making a definite effort to absorb elements of surrounding musical cultures, especially Malay, into their compositions. In Malaysia, Chinese orchestras exist nationwide in urban areas which have large concentrations of Chinese Malaysians.

Kandov attended the Bulgarian State Academy of Music, and studied Composition under Dimitar Tapkoff and Piano under Liuba Obretenova.[Union of the Bulgarian Composers, He worked as a music editor at the Bulgarian National Radio and at Musica Publishing House, and lectured in Polyphony at the Bulgarian State Academy of Music.[Id.] From 1982 to 1990, he was Chairman of the Young Composers’ Section at the Union of Bulgarian Composers.[Id.] Throughout his career as a composer, his works have been commissioned for the recording company Balkanton and for Bulgarian National Radio.[Id.

As a result, the musical activity reached a peak in the Spanish Golden Age; however, it began to decline toward the end of the 19th century. In the Middle Ages, a minstrel accompanied singers with a dulcian. Polyphony in the Cathedral-Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar was first documented in the mid-17th century, played by a "tenor" and a "contrabajón". In the late 1600s, an orchestra composed of minstrels agreed to work for the Church of Santa María la Mayor, the predecessor of the Cathedral-Basilica.

Carter's earlier works were influenced by Igor Stravinsky, Aaron Copland, and Paul Hindemith, and are mainly neoclassical. He had strict training in counterpoint, from medieval polyphony to Stravinsky, and this shows in his earliest music, such as the ballet Pocahontas (1938–39). Some of his music during the Second World War is fairly diatonic, and includes a melodic lyricism reminiscent of Samuel Barber. Starting in the late 1940s his music shows an increasing development of a personal harmonic and rhythmic language characterized by elaborate rhythmic layering and metric modulation.

At E3 2010, a new trailer was shown revealing various aspects about GT5 including a release date. The song used for the trailer was by Japanese composer Daiki Kasho; many fans wanted to know the name of the song, but it was untitled. Polyphony Digital recognised this and started a competition open to all fans around the world, to submit a name for the song. The winner would have their name immortalised in Gran Turismo 5s credits and their title become the official name of the music track.

He held the second baritone position in the King's Singers for eight years, from 1996 to 2004, including a Grammy nomination for Best Classical Crossover Album in 2001. He has also performed and recorded with Polyphony, Tenebrae, and The Cambridge Singers, among others. Formerly the director of the DePauw University Choral Ensembles, he currently is a senior lecturer at Princeton University and directs the Princeton Glee Club and Chamber Choir and the early music ensemble Gallicantus. He has recorded and produced numerous records for many major labels, most notably BMI and Hyperion.

Instituto Ayrton Senna began a partnership with Japanese company Polyphony Digital in 2013 to create the “Ayrton Senna Tribute” for the developer's new racing video game, Gran Turismo 6, and altogether bring in the legacy of Ayrton Senna to the future of the video game series. British car manufacturer McLaren began collaborating with Instituto Ayrton Senna to create the McLaren Senna, a sports car dedicated to Ayrton Senna and his success with the manufacturer in Formula One. Instituto Ayrton Senna signed two international partnerships with Singapore and Finland involving science, reading, and mathematics.

Sicut cervus is a motet for four voices by Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina. It sets the beginning of Psalm XLI (42) in the Latin version of the Psalterium Romanum rather than the Vulgate Bible. The incipit is "Sicut cervus desiderat ad fontes" (As the deer desires the fountains) followed by a second part (secunda pars) "Sitivit anima mea" (My soul thirsts). It was published in 1604 in Motecta festorum, Liber 2, and has become one of Palestrina's most popular motets, regarded as a model of Renaissance polyphony, expressing spiritual yearning.

Generally speaking, the danzón-mambo represents a further and stronger incorporation of elements of the son into the danzón. The first sections, or danzones, did not depart significantly from the traditional danzón structure . But, the final section of the danzón-mambo was based on tumbaos and guajeos from the montuno section of the son, which created a complex, clave-oriented polyphony with strong accents on the upbeat (Santos 1982). In order to further reinforce the son feeling, Arcaño added the tumbadora (conga drum) to the traditional charanga percussion lineup of pailas and güiro.

Oberheim DX Introduced in 1983, the Oberheim DX was a slightly stripped down version of the DMX, available at a list price of US$1,395. The look and feel of the machine was similar to that of the DMX, but it only featured 18 sounds instead of 24; allowed for 6-sound polyphony instead of 8; had a 4-digit, 7-segment display instead of a 16-character alphanumeric display; and had fake plastic wood instead of walnut. Fortunately, DX maintained the DMX feature of use of removable/replaceable voice cards on EPROMs. The DXa model added MIDI support from the factory.

Of Human Feelings received considerable acclaim from contemporary critics. Reviewing the album for Esquire in 1982, Gary Giddins hailed it as another landmark recording from Coleman and his most accomplished work of harmolodics, partly because of compositions which he found clearly expressed and occasionally timeless. In his opinion, the discordant keys radically transmute conventional polyphony and may be the most challenging part for listeners, who he said should concentrate on Coleman's playing and "let the maelstrom resolve itself around his center". Giddins also highlighted the melody of "Sleep Talk", deeming it among the best of the saxophonist's career.

The Emax was replaced in 1989 by the Emax II and Emax II Turbo. Although the Emax II was a true 16-bit sampler with more polyphony, it also used digital filters and components, which sounded noticeably different from the original's analogue filter chips. The Emax II also sported a noticeably higher pricetag; a base model cost $3,595, while a fully expanded model could cost as much as $8,000. Nevertheless, the Emax II found a niche among many professionals due to its large and varied sample library, and it enjoyed the longest production run of any E-mu product.

Crew wrote, produced and starred in multiple roles in the 1994 horror anthology film Urban Legends, directed by Bill Osco, which would ultimately be his last major film contribution. Since then, Crew's acting work has been sporadic, almost exclusively appearing in films by prolific underground filmmaker Chris J. Miller including 2008's Polyphony 2011's Ironhorse 2013's 2035: Forbidden Dimensions and 2016's Mortuary Massacre. ;Other endeavors Crew giving a guided tour of the California Institute of Abnormalarts. During his time as an embalmer, Crew met Robert Ferguson, a fellow mortician who shared his passion for collecting vintage sideshow and carnival memorabilia.

Nettl describes the Eastern music area as the region between the Mississippi river and the Atlantic. The most complex styles being that of the Southeastern Creek, Yuchi, Cherokee, Choctaw, Iroquois and their language group, the simpler style being that of the Algonquian language group including Delaware and Penobscot. The Algonquian speaking Shawnee have a relatively complex style influenced by the nearby southeastern tribes. The characteristics of this entire area include short iterative phrases, reverting relationships, shouts before, during, and after singing, anhematonic pentatonic scales, simple rhythms and metre and, according to Nettl, antiphonal or responsorial techniques including "rudimentary imitative polyphony".

Beginning of psalm motet "Domine, ne in furore" by Josquin des Prez, typeset in ' layout. Note how the same dotted-minim motive may occur either within a bar or stretching across a bar boundary. (Full score; ) ' (plural ') is a German term used in musical notation to denote a barline that is drawn between staves, but not across them. It is typically seen in modern editions of Medieval and Renaissance vocal polyphony, where it is intended to allow modern performers the convenience of barlines without having them interfere with the music, which was originally written without barlines.

Soprano clef A descant', discant (discant), or ' is any of several different things in music, depending on the period in question; etymologically, the word means a voice (cantus) above or removed from others. A descant is a form of medieval music in which one singer sang a fixed melody, and others accompanied with improvisations. The word in this sense comes from the term ' (descant "above the book"), and is a form of Gregorian chant in which only the melody is notated but an improvised polyphony is understood. The ' had specific rules governing the improvisation of the additional voices.

Therefore, Byzantine music remained monophonic and without any form of instrumental accompaniment. As a result, and despite certain attempts by certain Greek chanters (such as Manouel Gazis, Ioannis Plousiadinos or the Cypriot Ieronimos o Tragoudistis), Byzantine music was deprived of elements of which in the West encouraged an unimpeded development of art. However, this method which kept music away from polyphony, along with centuries of continuous culture, enabled monophonic music to develop to the greatest heights of perfection. Byzantium presented the monophonic Byzantine chant; a melodic treasury of inestimable value for its rhythmical variety and expressive power.

This was continued by his successor Henry VIII with choral services commencing in the completed chapel in 1544. Elizabeth I visited the chapel in 1564, and attended evensong on 5 August and again the following night, although she turned up late, causing the service to be restarted. It is recorded that pricksong was sung (an early form polyphony with a melody performed as a counterpoint to a plainsong) as it likely had been since the foundation of the college. During Oliver Cromwell's rule the number of choral services were reduced, and departing choristers were not replaced.

In music, counterpoint is the relationship between two or more musical lines (or voices) which are harmonically interdependent yet independent in rhythm and melodic contour. As a compositional technique, counterpoint is found in many musical styles including Medieval music, gamelan, and the music of West Africa. Within the context of Western classical music, counterpoint refers to the texture of polyphony, which developed during the late Middle Ages and early Renaissance and is found in much of the common practice period, especially in the Baroque. The term originates from the Latin punctus contra punctum meaning "point against point", i.e.

The madrigal, a partsong conceived for amateurs to sing in a chamber setting, originated at this period. Although madrigals were initially dramatic settings of unrequited-love poetry or mythological stories in Italy, they were imported into England and merged with the more dancelike balletto, celebrating carefree songs of the seasons, or eating and drinking. To most English speakers, the word madrigal now refers to the latter, rather than to madrigals proper, which refers to a poetic form of lines consisting of seven and eleven syllables each. The interaction of sung voices in Renaissance polyphony influenced Western music for centuries.

In early Tudor England, the Latin hymn was sung in three parts as a faburden with two voices added, one above and one below the plainchant. Polyphony of this kind became less common during the reign of Edward VI, when the English Reformation resulted in choirs being disbanded and organs dismantled. Luther translated the first seven verses into the hymn "", which long remained the main German Protestant Christmas hymn until the new ' of the 1990s, in which it did not appear. It was also set by Bach in his chorale cantata Christum wir sollen loben schon and his chorale prelude BWV 611.

The Korg X3 is a music workstation produced by Korg in 1993. The X3 features 200 programs, 200 combinations, 32-voice polyphony, a 32,000 note, 16-track sequencer with 100 patterns and 10 songs and a double-sided, double-density 3.5-inch floppy disk drive for song and other data storage types. Korg also released the X2 (76-key) with 8 Mbyte ROM (6Mbyte X3 + 2Mbyte new piano) in 1994 along with a rackmount version dubbed the X3R, which also had a floppy disk drive. Many of its samples come from the T3 Series and 01/W Series synthesizers.

For over a century, this characteristic male Choir of young seminarians from India has proved its calibre and excellence in polyphony of different genres, secular as well as religious. Following the directives given by the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, the Santa Cecilia Choir has stood out in preserving and developing the rich musical patrimony of the Catholic Church. The Choir is proud of a rich repertoire of religious and secular music in Latin, English and the vernaculars: Bach, Handel, Beethoven, Mozart, Verdi, Schubert, Palestrina, Praglia, Rossini, Liberto, Martins, Xavier, Barreto, Paranjoti, etc. In recent years, it has also performed pop-polyphonic music.

Plainchant represents the first revival of musical notation after knowledge of the ancient Greek system was lost. Plainsong notation differs from the modern system in having only four lines to the staff and a system of note shapes called neumes. In the late 9th century, plainsong began to evolve into organum, which led to the development of polyphony. There was a significant plainsong revival in the 19th century, when much work was done to restore the correct notation and performance-style of the old plainsong collections, notably by the monks of Solesmes Abbey, in northern France.

The City of Bristol Choir is a mixed voice choir of around 85 auditioned singers, whose aim is to sing a wide range of choral music to the highest possible standard. The choir gives five or six concerts a year in different venues around the South West, but mostly in Bristol. The choir's size gives it flexibility to perform music in diverse styles, from intimate Renaissance music polyphony and partsongs to large-scale works with orchestra. City of Bristol Choir was formed in 1991 by Malcolm Archer (now organist and director of music at Winchester College).

The composition is characterized as slow-paced and of a gentle nature. It was published first in 1987 by Hinshaw Music, but then, like other music by John Rutter, by Oxford University Press (also in versions with harp or with string orchestra) and by the Royal School of Church Music. It has been recorded in collections of Rutter's choral works performed under his direction by the Cambridge Singers and the City of London Sinfonia. Together with the composer's Requiem, it was recorded in 2010 by the choir Polyphony and the Bournemouth Sinfonietta, conducted by Stephen Layton.

Further projects include Bach's St John Passion and Motets, Monteverdi's Vespers, Haydn's Creation, as well as recordings of the music of Poulenc, MacMillan, Copland and the music of their contemporaries. Reflecting the interests of Edward Higginbottom, the choir has made important contributions to the performance and recording of French baroque music - in particular the music of Du Caurroy, Charpentier, Delalande, and Couperin. New College Choir have also made numerous recordings of continental polyphony including Lassus, Palestrina, and de Monte. In 2008, the choir won its second Gramophone Award in the early music category for their recording of Nicholas Ludford's Missa Benedicta.

The remarkable development of ideas in "natural philosophy" had already established itself in the public consciousness. In particular, Newton's physics was taken as a paradigm: structures should be well-founded in axioms and be both well-articulated and orderly. This taste for structural clarity began to affect music, which moved away from the layered polyphony of the Baroque period toward a style known as homophony, in which the melody is played over a subordinate harmony. This move meant that chords became a much more prevalent feature of music, even if they interrupted the melodic smoothness of a single part.

Haydn was not a virtuoso at the international touring level; nor was he seeking to create operatic works that could play for many nights in front of a large audience. Mozart wanted to achieve both. Moreover, Mozart also had a taste for more chromatic chords (and greater contrasts in harmonic language generally), a greater love for creating a welter of melodies in a single work, and a more Italianate sensibility in music as a whole. He found, in Haydn's music and later in his study of the polyphony of J.S. Bach, the means to discipline and enrich his artistic gifts.

But every part plays a character..." but in the usual sense it is an actor who plays a distinctive and important supporting role.Digital Polyphony, Top 25: Great Character Actors , Retrieved 7 August 2014, "...often in supporting roles - rarely are they leading men or leading ladies, and often times they're put into a certain type of role over and over again..."Adam Pockross, 28 March 2014, Yahoo! Movies, Jon Polito: That Guy From That Thing (Who You Definitely Know), Retrieved 7 August 2014, "..Jon Polito: I think a character actor ... is someone off to the side ... the baddie ... the best friend.

Carlo Gesualdo's Madrigal Festival de Música Coral Renascentista is a festival of chorus music performing a cappella Renaissance compositions. It takes place at a church, Nossa Senhora das Dores (Our Lady of Sorrows) in Porto Alegre, Brazil.FeMCoR Our Lady of Sorrows Church The event is a meeting of vocal ensembles singing compositions made around the 16th century (1400–1600), including various types of sacred and secular polyphony. William Byrd, Giovanni da Palestrina, Josquin des Prez, Claudio Monteverdi, John Wilbye , Orlando di Lasso, Jacob Arcadelt, Thomas Morley, Filippo Azzaiolo, and Michael Praetorius, are some of the Renaissance composers performed.

Concerning music theory, the more widespread use of figured bass (also known as thorough bass) represents the developing importance of harmony as the linear underpinnings of polyphony. Harmony is the end result of counterpoint, and figured bass is a visual representation of those harmonies commonly employed in musical performance. With figured bass, numbers, accidentals or symbols were placed above the bassline that was read by keyboard instrument players such as harpsichord players or pipe organists (or lutenists). The numbers, accidentals or symbols indicated to the keyboard player what intervals are to be played above each bass note.

By incorporating these new aspects of composition, Claudio Monteverdi furthered the transition from the Renaissance style of music to that of the Baroque period. He developed two individual styles of composition—the heritage of Renaissance polyphony (prima pratica) and the new basso continuo technique of the Baroque (seconda pratica). With basso continuo, a small group of musicians would play the bassline and the chords which formed the accompaniment for a melody. The basso continuo group would typically use one or more keyboard players and a lute player who would play the bassline and improvise the chords and several bass instruments (e.g.

These intervals are interchanged depending on the melody they are accompanying and the scale source of the harmonization. Homophonic polyphony occurs when two different melodies are harmonized in the style of homophonic parallelism, and either (1) occur simultaneously by means of overlapping antiphony or (2) over at the simultaneously as a result of melodic counterpoint. This parallelism is not to be confused with strict parallelism. Gerhard Kubik states that much variation and freedom is permitted in parallel parts, with the stipulation that words remain intelligible (or in the case of instruments the melody remains recognizable), and the scalar source is observed.

After composing his Credo in 1968, he embarked on a transitional period where he stopped composing. The reason for this creative hiatus was Pärt's realization that his musical compositional method had been fully developed. The only major piece he decided to work on was the third symphony, which came about right before the creation of his unique tintinnabular style. During the years between 1968 and the creation of both Fratres and Tabula Rasa, Pärt delved into Gregorian chant, early polyphonic music and polyphony from the Renaissance period, from which he found much inspiration for this symphony.

1.07 would be the last version with DXi support, as version 1.08, released on April 23, 2010, discontinued the DXi version and removed the now unnecessary installer. One week later, on the first of May, 2010, the now solely VSTi program was updated to version 1.09, which added a Phase Control function and expanded the number of voices in the polyphony and unison modes. May 2010 would contain the last of Synth1's updates for Windows, with the bug-fix version 1.10 released on the fourth, version 1.11 on the ninth, and the current version 1.12 on the twenty-third of that month.

Marimbula player The marímbula () is a plucked box musical instrument of the Caribbean. In Cuba it is common in the changüí genre, as well as old styles of son. In Mexico, where it is known as marimbol is played in son jarocho; in the Dominican Republic, where it is known as marimba, it is played in merengue típico, and in Jamaica it is known as rumba box and played in mento. Unlike typical African lamellophones, such as the mbira, used to produce complex polyphony and polyrhythms, the marimbula usually plays the role of a bass guitar, i.e.

Zambrano studied guitar with Manuel López Ramos. He was the director (1997-2005) of the International Guitar Festival at the Gothic Chapel of The Hellenic Cultural Centre in Mexico City. From 2000 to 2005 he produced, with Valeria Palomino and the National Autonomous University of Mexico, the recording of the full guitar works by Manuel M. Ponce (Obra para guitarra de Manuel M Ponce), where eleven prominent guitar players participated. In 2010 he studied, with Dirk Snellings and Capilla Flamenca, a program which establishes the relationship between French- Flemish polyphony and that of Hispanic America's chapels.

He has, indeed, described the collection as "12 fantasias ... of which 6 include fugues and 6 are Galanterien", with "fugues" referencing the contrapuntal style of certain fantasias. Telemann's violin fantasias exhibit mastery of not only compound melodic lines, but also of idiomatic writing for violin,Zohn, Grove. as Telemann himself was a self-taught violinist. Much of the music reveals the influence of Italian sonatas and concertos, but the typical tendency of German solo violin music to rely on polyphony is still present: fantasias 2, 3, 5, 6, and 10 all include fugues and employ much double-stopping.

850 (Pa 1139). The St. Martial school of music and its library contributed and collected an almost complete repertoire of West Frankish tropes and sequences, as well as the so-called Aquitanian polyphony (Pa 1139, 3549, 3719), because cantors of the region had been most inventive in quite original compositions, dealing with all kinds of troped poetry, and two part settings between discant and florid organum. It is a famous site for 12th century sacred and secular church music. Some of the earliest troubadour lyrics with their accompanying melodies were extant in manuscripts at St. Martial's, now preserved at the Bibliothèque Nationale.

He has worked for the Ultima Oslo Contemporary Music Festival and as choirmaster of Oslo's English Church. He currently works for the Norwegian music publishers Norsk Musikforlag in Oslo. Andrew Smith's music has been performed by leading Norwegian choirs including Ensemble 96, Schola Cantorum (Norwegian choir), Grex Vocalis, Kammerkoret NOVA, The Norwegian Girls Choir, and cathedral choirs in Oslo, Bergen and Trondheim. His work has been commissioned and performed abroad by, among others, Trio Mediaeval (Norway), New York Polyphony, the Girl Choristers of Washington National Cathedral, Sete Lágrimas (Portugal), Cappella Nova (Scotland), Lorelei Ensemble (Boston, USA), and The District Eight (New York, USA).

The Oratory in London is part of a dynamic liturgical and musical tradition which goes back to the 16th century when the first Oratory was established in Rome at the time of the Counter-Reformation. Both Palestrina and Victoria were closely associated with the Oratory and Philip Neri, its founder, and Victoria became an Oratorian. In particular, the Oratory in Europe has been closely associated with the development of polyphony and the chant. The Oratory in London has a reputation for maintaining this tradition and for providing some of the finest liturgy and liturgical music in Europe today.

Jeffrey Keyes, chant scholar Edward Schaefer, and organist Jonathan Ryan. In order to promote works of modern sacred music as well as chant and polyphony, the CMAA sponsors new music reading sessions at its colloquia, presenting new works of contemporary composers, including Kevin Allen and Richard Rice. In the 1990s, CMAA's meetings and colloquia on sacred music were held at Christendom College in Front Royal, Virginia, with music professor Kurt Poterack, then editor of Sacred Music, serving as director. At the initial gatherings, Colloquium choirs traveled to the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception to sing at a liturgy.

It is present only as another participant in "the great dialogue", with no more capacity for direct signification than any other voice. Bakhtin calls this multi-voiced, dialogic reality "polyphony". > What unfolds... is not a multitude of characters and fates in a single > objective world, illuminated by a single authorial consciousness; rather a > plurality of consciousnesses, with equal rights and each with its own world, > combine but are not merged in the unity of the event. Dostoevsky's major > heroes are, by the very nature of his creative design, not only objects of > authorial discourse but also subjects of their own directly signifying > discourse.

Everist's publications focus on the Ars Antiqua, music drama in nineteenth-century France, and reception theory. His latest monograph is Discovering Medieval Song: Latin Poetry and Music in the Conductus (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018). His previous monograph, Mozart's Ghosts: Haunting the Halls of Musical Culture (2012), investigates Mozart's reception in English, French, and German-speaking countries, and was reviewed as an "elegantly written, meticulously researched, anecdotally rich, intellectually and ethically subtle piece of scholarship". Earlier books examine the sources of polyphony and the motet in the thirteenth century, and French stage music in the nineteenth century.

Blue Heron, directed by Scott Metcalfe,Scott Metcalfe is a professional vocal ensemble based in the Boston area. The ensemble presents an annual concert series in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and performs throughout New England as well as touring the US; it made its European debut in the United Kingdom in 2017. Blue Heron's repertoire extends from plainchant to new music, with a particular focus on 15th- and 16th-century polyphony. Its performing style is informed by the rigorous study of original source materials and historical performance practice, with the general goal of expressing the text dramatically and revealing the music's rhetorical momentum.

While the earlier Polymoog synthesizer (1975) featured unlimited polyphony via divide-down technology, the 6-voice Memorymoog was the first polyphonic Moog to feature dedicated oscillators and filters for each voice. It is often described architecturally as six Minimoogs in one unit. Each of the six voices of the Memorymoog is made up of 3 voltage-controlled oscillators that can be set to any combination of pulse (variable width), saw, and triangle waveforms and freely switched over a 4–octave initial range. Each voice also has its own 24 dB/Octave Low Pass voltage-controlled filter.

Monophony was replaced from the fourteenth century by the Ars Nova, a movement that developed in France and then Italy, replacing the restrictive styles of Gregorian plainchant with complex polyphony.W. Lovelock, A Concise History of Music (New York NY: Frederick Ungar, 1953), p. 57. The tradition was well established in England by the fifteenth century. The distinctive English version of polyphony, known as the Contenance Angloise (English manner), used full, rich harmonies based on the third and sixth, which was highly influential in the fashionable Burgundian court of Philip the Good, where the Burgundian School associated with Guillaume Dufay developed.

"Viderunt Omnes" is a Gregorian chant based on Psalm XCVII (98), sung as the gradualThe first 7 words are also used as the Communion. at the Masses of Christmas Day and historically on its octave, the Feast of the Circumcision. Two of the many settings of the text are famous as being among the earliest pieces of polyphony by known composers, Léonin and Pérotin of the Notre Dame school. Their music, known as organum, adds florid counterpoint to the Gregorian melody of the intonation and verse, portions normally sung by the cantors, the remainder of the chant being sung unchanged by the choir.

Indeed, the earliest surviving notated examples are from continental sources. The significance of the development of gymel is three-fold. First, that a single voice part could be split into two indicates that the music of the time was being sung with multiple voices on a part, as opposed to the practice of secular polyphony at the time, in which there was only one voice on a part. Second, considerable virtuosity is required for many of the surviving examples of gymel, indicating a rise in the singing standards in England in the 14th and 15th centuries.

Makar Yekmalyan (1856-1905) composed the Patarag, the setting of the Armenian Apostolic Church's Divine Liturgy, which he completed in 1892 in several arrangements and was first published in Leipzig in 1896. This arrangement of the liturgy incorporated polyphonic and homophonic vocal parts into the structure of the Liturgy and saw it be notated in its entirety. This would influence the compositional approach of Komitas, who was Yekmalian's student (along with the works of Kristapor Kara-Murza) and would also see him introduce polyphony with his version of the Liturgy at the end of the 19th century.

Labëria is culturally distinguishable from the rest of Albania in its traditions and folklore. The Labs were warlike pastoral people who lived mainly in the mountains of Kurvelesh, Progonat and Vlorë during the Byzantine period and the Ottoman invasion of Albania. However, due to mass migrations to urban areas following World War II, the population is now concentrated in the cities of Vlorë, Tepelenë, Gjirokastër and Sarandë. Pleqërishte is a genre of Albanian iso-polyphony primarily found in Labëria Music of Labs is polyphonic, more soft and lyrical than rugged single voiced music of Ghegs dedicated to heroism.

When inserted in a different context (the musical work is this new context), a polyphony between references appears: something new dialogues with something known; the displacement of a reference from its original context create musical tensions, and the meaning and values these references carry out give a historical and contextual perspective to the sound materials. Concerning his harmonic language, Zampronha uses non-traditional but intelligible chords comprising many notes (from 6 to 18, or even more). Each chord concentrates a specific sensation or emotion in itself. These chords are unities that are fragmented by the use of specific extra-notes.

Some subsequent products by Yamaha included FM to certain extents. The CS6x, Motif, and Motif ES lines can perform FM using the PLG150DX expansion cards, which enable monotimbral voicing with up to 16 notes of polyphony per card. The DX200 is a groovebox-style repackaging of the same expansion card into a table-top chassis with an added drum machine. It has also some basic effects and LP/HP filter with resonance. FM synthesis in PLG100-DX and PLG150-DX is identical to DX7, so in that manner it is less powerful than its predecessors, SY-77/TG-77, SY-99 and FS1R.

D. M. Robin, A. R. Larsen and C. Levin, Encyclopedia of Women in the Renaissance: Italy, France, and England (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2007), p. 277. Byrd emerged as the leading composer of the Elizabethan court, writing sacred and secular polyphony, viol, keyboard and consort music, reflecting the growth in the range of instruments and forms of music available in Tudor and Stuart Britain.P. Brett, J. Kerman and D. Moroney, William Byrd and His Contemporaries: Essays and a Monograph (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2006). The outstanding Scottish composer of the era was Robert Carver (c.1485–c.

The chorale motet was a type of musical composition in mostly Protestant parts of Europe, principally Germany, and mainly during the 16th century. It involved setting a chorale melody and text as a motet. Stylistically chorale motets were similar at first to motets composed in Catholic countries, and made use of the full range of techniques of Franco-Flemish polyphony. In the earlier period, the chorale was typically used as a cantus firmus, fairly easy to hear, with other lines either weaving in and out contrapuntally around it, or following along in the same rhythm in an entirely homophonic style.

Duarte Lobo In this context, the profane music declined in the courts of João III and his grandson Sebastião I. In 1578, with the death of Sebastião I, Cardinal Henrique becomes king of Portugal. After his death in 1580, Portugal loses its independence, as the throne is inherited by Felipe II, king of Spain (1527–1598). With the disappearance of the court in Lisbon, the aristocracy retired to their homes in the countryside, and the profane music nearly vanishes. The development of the Portuguese music in the end of 16th is thus mainly in the sacred polyphony.

The Schola Gregoriana Pragensis is an award winning choir from the Czech republic with primary focus on Gregorian chant and Bohemian plainchant. The choir formed in 1987 under the direction of David Eben and was restricted in its repertoire to only liturgical music for the first two years. Since the Velvet Revolution of 1989, the choir has extended its repertoire to include a variety of sacred music, with particular focus on Gregorian chant (monophonic Latin liturgical music) and early polyphony. The choir has won several awards, including the Choc du monde de le musique, 10 de Repertoire and Golden Harmony (Zlatá Harmonie).

While this was also a technique which developed in Venice, it was widespread by the end of the 16th century: almost all composers of sacred polyphony used polychoral techniques at some time, especially those working in large acoustical environments (such as most cathedrals in Europe). The most important achievement of the younger Anerio, however, was his Teatro armonico spirituale of 1619, which is arguably the first oratorio. It includes the earliest surviving obbligato writing for instruments by the Roman School. Instrumentation is indicated with unusual care, and the alternate instrumental and vocal passages were greatly influential in works of the following decades.

In its simplification, motivic unity, and close attention to the text it has been compared to the late works of Beethoven, and many commentators consider it one of the high points of Renaissance polyphony. Juan de Urrede, a Flemish composer active in Spain in the late fifteenth century, composed numerous settings of the Pange lingua, most of them based on the original Mozarabic melody. One of his versions for four voices is among the most popular pieces of the sixteenth century, and was the basis for dozens of keyboard works in addition to masses, many by Spanish composers.

Only tenor and bass begin a new section, marked mp: "" (therefore, our advocate). The text "" (your merciful eyes towards us turn) is expressed, marked "" (slowing) and mf, in polyphony, with the voices picking up the instrumental quarter note movement. In contrast, "" (and Jesus, the blessed fruit of your womb) is rendered in mysterious pianissimo unison, followed, after a general pause by a sudden strong outburst: "" (to us after this exile show), on mostly dissonant chords, one every measure, ending on an eight-part unresolved chord. The final line is soft again and for the first time in 4/4 time.

Les Nouvelles Polyphonies Corses is a Corsican revival band, concerned with the indigenous music of Corsica. It is the project of Patrizia Poli and Patrizia Gattaceca, who were heavily involved in the 1970s Corsican Roots Revival movement. Their eponymous debut album Les Nouvelles Polyphonies Corses (1991) was arranged and produced by Hector Zazou, featuring Manu Dibango on saxophone, Ivo Papasov on clarinet, Richard Horowitz, Jon Hassell on trumpet, Shaymal Maltra on tabla, djembe, and ghatam, John Cale and Ryuichi Sakamoto on piano, with Zazou doing "electronics". Their collaboration with non-Corsican artists was a decision based on exploring the evolving concept of polyphony.

Webern's use of symmetrical harmonic fields to focus and control the vertical functioning of his polyphony was a crucial stimulus. Lumsdaine's own harmonic language has elements of symmetry and intervallic limitation, and though usually derived from 12-pitch sets, is rarely strictly chromatic. In his masterly piano work 'Kelly Ground' (1966) the harmonic ground is a characteristic chordal area which, although dissonant overall, contains numerous quasi-diatonic subsets, with the interval of perfect fourth especially prominent. The overall progression of the work is towards the elimination of all extraneous pitch elements until only the ground itself remains.

This was more stable, but adversely affected system performance. The problem was only fixed in the final few models, which supported a 100 MHz bus. Almost all of the 6x86 line produced a large amount of heat, and required quite large (for the time) heatsink/fan combinations to run properly. There was also a problem which made the 6x86 incompatible with the then-popular Sound Blaster AWE64 sound card. Only 32 of its potential 64-voice polyphony could be utilized, as the WaveSynth/WG software synthesizer relied on a Pentium- specific instruction which the 6x86 lacked.

Hugo Leichtentritt. "The Reform of Trent and Its Effect on Music". The Musical Quarterly, Vol. 30, No. 3 (1944). in JSTOR. p. 326. Another musical giant on equal standing with Palestrina, Orlando di Lasso (1530/32–1594) was an important figure in music history though less of a purist than Palestrina.Davey. 56. He expressed sympathy for the council's concerns but still showed favor for the "Parady chanson Masses."Leichtentritt. 326. Despite the dearth of edicts from the council regarding polyphony and textual clarity, the reforms that followed from the 22nd session filled in the gaps left by the council in stylistic areas.

The machine's operating system was created with numerous operational and MIDI software bugs. An updated OS chip that resolved these issues was created and is still available from third party vendors. Most problems were compensated for by an improved 64-note polyphony, high quality 24-bit effects and a quick (but not fully editable) sequencer. The addition of the Idea Pad, which was essentially a MIDI capture buffer, allowed the user to quickly move anything recently played on the MIDI keyboard, including pitch- bend, mod, and MIDI real-time controllers to a track in the sequencer.

Only about 1,400 GT-Rs were manufactured. 1970 Bellett GT-R In 2006, readers of Japanese collector car magazine Nostalgic Hero ranked the Bellett GT-R 10th in a list of the 50 greatest Japanese cars. Results were published in issue 116 (August 2006) as well as a Nostalgic Hero Extra Edition (Geibun Mooks No. 555) published April 20, 2007. The 1969 Bellett GT-R is a playable car in the Polyphony Digital video game Gran Turismo 4 for the PlayStation 2, and also in Gran Turismo 5 and Gran Turismo 6 for the PlayStation 3.

A preoccupation with his own mortality permeates Shostakovich's later works, such as the later quartets and the Fourteenth Symphony of 1969 (a song cycle based on a number of poems on the theme of death). This piece also finds Shostakovich at his most extreme with musical language, with 12-tone themes and dense polyphony throughout. He dedicated the Fourteenth to his close friend Benjamin Britten, who conducted its Western premiere at the 1970 Aldeburgh Festival. The Fifteenth Symphony of 1971 is, by contrast, melodic and retrospective in nature, quoting Wagner, Rossini and the composer's own Fourth Symphony.

Musically, "Identitet" is an Albanian-language folk- inspired heavy rock song, which lyrically discusses about the concepts of freedom, cohesion, brotherhood and identity. In an interview, Sejko stated that the song is inspired by Albanian folk music from the cultural regions of Tropojë and Çamëria. The rhythm of the tupan is borrowed from that of southern Albania, whereas the guitar work is borrowed from the sounds of northern Albania's çifteli. Meanwhile, the traditional southern Albanian iso-polyphony is remembered through the use of violins, whereas the northern Albanian call "hey" is also present in the chorus.

In 2002, EA purchased the license to NASCAR for six years, ending competition from Papyrus and Infogrames. They lost the NASCAR license in 2009 and the NASCAR license would be owned by Polyphony Digital for the Gran Turismo series starting with Gran Turismo 5, and also Eutechnyx for NASCAR The Game series until its inception in 2015. On December 13, 2004, EA Sports signed an exclusive deal with the National Football League (NFL) and its Players' Union for five years. On February 12, 2008, EA Sports announced the extension of its exclusive deal until the 2012 NFL season.

Yamaha TQ5 The frequency modulation synthesis provided by the YS/TQ sound engine is very similar to many other 4-op synths released by Yamaha during the 1980s. The YS/TQ is nearly fully compatible - aside from lacking portamento - with voices and sysex for the earlier DX11, DX21, DX27, DX100, and TX81Z. The synthesis unit has an 8-note polyphony and 8-instrument multitimbral capability. The synthesis itself is based on 4 operators (each being an oscillator plus an envelope generator), which could be chained in various combinations by selecting one of the 8 available algorithms.

As a composer, Terzakis' music began with an expanded tonality (Prelude (1961) and Legend (1964)) moving to 12-note serialism (e.g. the Sinfonietta (1965)) and then to a fruitful exploration of micro-intervals and glissandi, principally in his melody, based on Byzantine music. In recent years, Terzakis's view of Western harmony, polyphony and the tempered system as constituting only an extended episode in the evolution of music has increasingly led him to an essentially monophonic output. In this he has drawn example from Greek traditional music, as well as from other parts of the Mediterranean and the Near East.

The music shows the influence of classical models from Spanish polyphony, 17th century monody, and of 16th century or earlier choral writing. It is not a true opera, more a stage cantata, where the chorus takes a principal role, interrupted by Coryphaeus as the narrator. Sometimes this narration of the action is depicted on the stage by the appropriate characters (some singers, some – Hercules and Columbus – actors). When finally completed, large extracts were performed in a concert version at the Liceu, Barcelona in November 1961, conducted by Eduard Toldrà, with Victoria de los Ángeles as Isabella, and in Cadiz.

Shabalala shares how he learned to compose in the isicathamiya style; as it was through dreams where he heard voices from spiritual elders. This is common amongst Zulu traditionalists and isicathamiya composers. Stylistically, isicathamiya is characterized by male voices performing a capella, with the SATB formation (one leading voice, a tenor, followed by one soprano (falsetto), one alto and the rest singing bass); however, in some cases there are recordings with banjo or piano as it was thought the instruments would appeal to the Black elite. A good isicathamiya performance includes call and response and multilayered vocal polyphony.

Carr was born in Croydon, London, the son of Adelaide soprano and Covent Garden Prima Donna Una Hale and Theatre Consultant Martin Carr. He studied at Michael Hall, a Steiner School, and Hurstpierpoint College before going to up to King's College, Cambridge to read music and art history, where he was a Choral Scholar in the Chapel Choir. He was a founder member with Stephen Layton of chamber choir Polyphony. After university he emigrated to Australia for five years, where he began his singing and conducting careers working with the Victoria State Opera and the contemporary music group, the Elision Ensemble.

The Renaissance in Northern Europe has been termed the "Northern Renaissance". While Renaissance ideas were moving north from Italy, there was a simultaneous southward spread of some areas of innovation, particularly in music. The music of the 15th-century Burgundian School defined the beginning of the Renaissance in music, and the polyphony of the Netherlanders, as it moved with the musicians themselves into Italy, formed the core of the first true international style in music since the standardization of Gregorian Chant in the 9th century. The culmination of the Netherlandish school was in the music of the Italian composer Palestrina.

Two-part drone songs are dominating in Gudauta district, the core region of ethnic Abkhazians. Millennia of cultural, social and economic interactions between Abkhazians and Georgians on this territory resulted in reciprocal influences, and in particular, creation of a new, so-called “Georgian style” of three-part singing in Abkhazia, unknown among Adyghes. This style is based on two leading melodic lines (performed by soloists - akhkizkhuo) singing together with the drone or ostinato base (argizra). Indigenous Abkhazian style of three-part polyphony uses double drones (in fourths, fifths, or octaves) and one leading melodic line at one time.

These tasks can be equally formulated from a phenomenological, hermeneutical, or grammatical point of view. This open hermeneutics is focused by Marc Jean- Bernard on both practical and theoretical dimensions: Epistemic Perspective The Greek locution Dialegein synthesizes a theoretic set of axiological investigations, corresponding to a unified epistemic methodology that embraces Cultural Hermeneutics, specifically Aesthetics and Ethics. His construction of ethical and aesthetical responsibility stands as a philosophical cantus firmus for the understanding of cultural polyphony. Intentionality and Cognition Firstly, Marc Jean-Bernard seeks to provide a philosophical account of cognitive sciences in the field of culture.

Gregory W. Brown is an American composer whose works have been performed across the United States and Europe, including Carnegie Hall in New York City, Cadogan Hall in London, and the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam. His commissions for vocal ensemble New York Polyphony have been heard on American Public Media's Performance Today, BBC Radio, Minnesota Public Radio, Kansas Public Radio, and Danish National Radio. Brown is best known for his "Missa Charles Darwin", a work combining the structure of the standard mass with texts from Charles Darwin, which is featured in his brother Dan Brown's novel Origin.

"Missa Charles Darwin" is a multi-movement composition by Gregory W. Brown that is scored for unaccompanied male vocal quartet, using texts from Darwin compiled and edited by New York Polyphony bass Craig Phillips. Based on the standard five-movement structure of the Mass, the "Missa Charles Darwin" honors the compositional and harmonic conventions of its musical antecedents. Unlike traditional Mass settings, however, the sacred texts have been replaced with excerpts from On the Origin of Species, The Descent of Man, and Darwin's extant correspondence. Brown's brother also credits this piece as the inspiration for his best selling novel Origin.

The term "mensural" refers to the ability of this system to describe precisely measured rhythmic durations in terms of numerical proportions between note values. Its modern name is inspired by the terminology of medieval theorists, who used terms like musica mensurata ("measured music") or cantus mensurabilis ("measurable song") to refer to the rhythmically defined polyphonic music of their age, as opposed to musica plana or musica choralis, i.e., Gregorian plainchant. Mensural notation was employed principally for compositions in the tradition of vocal polyphony, whereas plainchant retained its own, older system of neume notation throughout the period.

Among these historical writings, the Troubles religieux du XVIe dans la Flandre maritime (1560-1570), published in 1876, particularly merits being remembered. He was one of the first to be devoted to research on medieval music and his numerous publications focused on subjects such as the Gregorian chant, the neumatic and measured notation, medieval instruments, and the theory and polyphony he called harmony. What distinguished Coussemaker from Fétis is the wide culture of the latter that enabled him to synthesise huge quantities of information in order to elaborate on abstract theories. De Coussemaker's approach is nonetheless more accurate, more scientific and more hypothetical.

During his teen-age years, Land consciously studied and emulated the styles of performers such as Yes, the Grateful Dead, and Jimi Hendrix. To this day, he cites Hendrix's mellow style as a great influence on his own music, and he claims that the Dead's style is deeply rooted in his own work. In his adult years, he also studied classical composers, particularly Beethoven, a composer whose accomplishments he describes as "a mountain in the distance … no matter how much ground you cover, it's always just as far away." He also developed an interest in Renaissance polyphony.

Merulo is famous for his keyboard music. His Toccatas, in particular, are innovative; he was the first to contrast sections of contrapuntal writing with passageworks; often he inserts sections which could be called ricercars into pieces which otherwise are labelled toccatas or canzonas. (In the late 16th century, these terms are only approximately descriptive; different composers clearly had different ideas of what they meant). Often his keyboard pieces begin as though they are to be a transcription of vocal polyphony, but then gradually add embellishment and elaboration until they reach a climactic passage of considerable virtuosity.

The ESQ-1 features eight voices with three oscillators per voice, and is fully multi-timbral. Despite eight voice polyphony, it is capable of tracking nine voices - when using eight internal sounds in the sequencer, one additional internal or cartridge sound can be controlled independently. The wave ROM contains 32 different waveforms, including standard synthesis waveforms such as sawtooth and square, but also less usual ones such as "piano", "voice", or "bass" (note that, although multi-sampled, these are still single-cycle waveforms, not true samples as such). Each oscillator can be independently volume-controlled via its dedicated digitally-controlled amplifier, and modulated.

The college offers students the opportunity to learn Gregorian chant and polyphony, and to participate in liturgies inspired by what Pope Benedict XVI called "the reform of the reform". Although chant and other forms of sacred music are employed at each Mass of the academic year, the liturgies for Holy Week and Easter are marked by extensive use of the Church's musical patrimony. The study of sacred music, music appreciation, and the visual arts in the Humanities cycle (as well as guest lectures) supplement these opportunities for liturgical formation and are part of the college's "Arts of the Beautiful" program.

Perotinus Magnus (fl. c. 1200), (Pérotin the Great, Magister Perotinus) was a composer from around the late 12th century, associated with the Notre Dame school of polyphony in Paris and the ars antiqua musical style. The title Magister Perotinus means that he was licensed to teach. The only information on his life with any degree of certainty comes from an anonymous English student at Notre Dame known as Anonymous IV. It is assumed that he was French and named Pérotin, a diminutive of Peter, but attempts to match him with persons in other documents remain speculative.

The Korg Triton line is considered the direct descendant of the earlier Korg Trinity line of workstations. The two ranges are aesthetically and functionally very similar. The Triton "Classic" followed the Trinity's naming conventions of the Pro and Pro X being designated to models featuring 76 and 88 keys respectively (that system actually started with previous 01/w series, also available with 61 (base and -FD models), 01/wPro (76) and 01/wProX (88). The original Triton introduced many improvements over the Trinity, like 62-note polyphony, arpeggiator, onboard sampler, faster operating system and more realtime controllers.

The two violas start the first movement with a vigorous subject in close canon, and as the movement progresses, the other instruments are gradually drawn into the seemingly uninterrupted steady flow of melodic invention which shows the composer's mastery of polyphony. The two violas da gamba are silent in the second movement, leaving the texture of a trio sonata for two violas and continuo, although the cello has a decorated version of the continuo bass line. In the last movement, the spirit of the gigue underlies everything, as it did in the finale of the fifth concerto.

The Buryats of the far east is known for distinctive folk music which uses the two-stringed horsehead fiddle, or morin khuur. The style has no polyphony and has little melodic innovation. Narrative structures are very common, many of them long epics which claim to be the last song of a famous hero, such as in the "Last Song of Rinchin Dorzhin". Modern Buryat musicians include the band Uragsha, which uniquely combines Siberian and Russian language lyrics with rock and Buryat folk songs, and Namgar, who is firmly rooted in the folk tradition but also explores connections to other musical cultures.

Monophony was replaced from the fourteenth century by the Ars Nova, a movement that developed in France and then Italy, replacing the restrictive styles of Gregorian plainchant with complex polyphony.W. Lovelock, A Concise History of Music (New York NY: Frederick Ungar, 1953), p. 57. The tradition was well established in England by the fifteenth century. The distinctive English version of polyphony, known as the Contenance Angloise (English manner), used full, rich harmonies based on the third and sixth, which was highly influential in the fashionable Burgundian court of Philip the Good, where the Burgundian School associated with Guillaume Dufay developed.

David Worrall (born 25 October 1954 in Newcastle NSW) is an Australian composer and sound artist working a range of genres, including data sonification, sound sculpture and immersive polymedia (a term he coined in 1986) as well as traditional instrumental music composition.Following from the notion of polyphony, polymedia is a descriptive term to describe a genre of composition in which the simultaneous integration of different media are employed to transmit a polymodal 'message'. Such works rely on the functional integration of two or more of the aural, visual, tactile, kinesthetic, proprioceptive, etc. senses. VR (Virtual reality) environments are examples of immersive polymedia.

At Amiens every year, the refrain was publicised on a scroll alongside the Virgin and some illustrious contemporaries on a painted panel in the cathedral. Copies of these paintings, along with the winning chants royaux, from the period 1460-1517 are preserved in the Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris, French MS 145, a work made for Louise of Savoy. Among the common most common forms were the formes fixes, the chant royal, jeu parti, serventois, and ballade. The music was generally strophic monophony, but the puy at Évreux, founded in 1570, did accept two submissions of through-composed polyphony from Orlande de Lassus.

Cornelius Canis (also de Hondt, d'Hondt) (between 1500 and 1510 – 15 February 1562) was a Franco-Flemish composer, singer, and choir director of the Renaissance, active for much of his life in the Grande Chapelle, the imperial Habsburg music establishment during the reign of Emperor Charles V. He brought the compositional style of the mid-16th century Franco-Flemish school, with its elaborate imitative polyphony, together with the lightness and clarity of the Parisian chanson, and he was one of the few composers of the time to write chansons in both the French and Franco-Flemish idioms.

Polyphony was neither invented at Limoges nor did it appear the first time in the notation of its scriptorium. An oral tradition of a polyphonic performance can be traced back to the time, when the Musica enchiriadis had been written,Giovanni Varelli (2013) found recently practical examples of this early organum practice which he dated back to the 10th century. and Adémar was a contemporary of Guido of Arezzo, who described in his treatise Micrologus a similar practice as "diaphonia" (discant), which already allowed to sing more than one note against the cantus during cadences ("occursus").

During the 18th century, students at Hungary's Calvinist colleges, some of whom, being minor nobles, lived in small rural villages, brought with them to their schools their regional styles of music. Colleges like Sárospatak and Székelyudvarhely developed choirs that adopted new elements like polyphony. György Maróthi of Debrecen published several influential works, and his French psalm book became very popular. By around 1790, the four voice choirs were expanded to eight using accessory voices like accantus, subcantus and concantus, and the discant voice was systematically transpoed into a lower pitch, producing a new form of choral design with similarities to medieval organum and fauxbourdon.

Late in life he suffered from depression. According to Campanella, writing in Lyon in 1635, Gesualdo had himself beaten daily by his servants, keeping a special servant whose duty it was to beat him "at stool", and he engaged in a relentless, and fruitless, correspondence with Cardinal Federico Borromeo to obtain relics, i.e., skeletal remains, of recently canonized uncle Carlo Borromeo, with which he hoped to obtain healing for his mental disorder and possibly absolution for his crimes. Gesualdo's late setting of Psalm 51, the Miserere, is distinguished by its insistent and imploring musical repetitions, alternating lines of monophonic chant with pungently chromatic polyphony in a low vocal tessitura.

On 15 June 2010, during the Sony E3 Electronic Entertainment Expo press conference, it was revealed that Newey collaborated as the chief technical officer for the video game Gran Turismo 5 for the PlayStation 3. A game trailer showed Newey along with race car driver Sebastian Vettel at the Red Bull Technology building in Great Britain in discussion with Kazunori Yamauchi, a Japanese game designer who is the CEO of Polyphony Digital and creator and producer of the Gran Turismo series. The three's collaboration would later lead to the completion of concept cars Red Bull X2010 and Red Bull X2011, which appeared in that game.

As to harmony, Mokranjac expands his basically tonal idiom with bitonal and bimodal episodes. Individual movements in these works are usually written in traditional, rounded forms (such as ternary form) and they can be performed independently from the rest of the cycle. However, Mokranjac aimed to achieve a coherent whole on the realm of the entire cycle, and the individual movements have precisely defined roles in the dramaturgy of the work. Mokranjac's typical piano texture is multilayered: it is distinguished by “hidden” melodies in inner parts, dense polyphony, broken chords in open positions, and frequent pedals which contribute towards the static or ambivalent feel of the harmony.

Luys Milan (c. 1500 – after 1560) and Luys de Narváez ( 1526–1549) were particularly important for their contributions to the development of lute polyphony in Spain. Finally, perhaps the most influential European lute composer was the Hungarian Bálint Bakfark ( 1526/30–1576), whose contrapuntal fantasias were much more difficult and tighter than those of his Western European contemporaries. Ottorino Respighi's famous orchestral suites called Ancient Airs and Dances are drawn from various books and articles on 16th- and 17th-century lute music transcribed by the musicologist Oscar Chilesotti, including eight pieces from a German manuscript Da un Codice Lauten-Buch, now in a private library in northern Italy.

In most cases note values are allowed to cross over a without requiring a tie. The convention of the was introduced by German musicologists such as Heinrich Besseler in the 1920s and became common in editorial practice by the mid-20th century. It is frequently applied in academic editions of 15th and 16th century music such as those in the multi-volume Corpus mensurabilis musicae published by the American Institute of Musicology. A few modern composers (such as Hugo Distler, whose vocal music is reminiscent of Renaissance vocal polyphony) have made a practice of using it in their music in order to minimize the regularity of meter.

John Butt describes his approach as "conservative in texture but extremely expressive". The first eight measures are devoted exclusively to the word "tristis" (sad, sorrowful), with the voices entering one after the other, each beginning with a long note, from the lowest to the highest which sings only a short sighing motif. Only then comes the complete first line, expressed in polyphony until measure 20, ending with "ad mortem" (unto death), which the bass sings in a chromatic downward line of long notes. "ad mortem" is repeated, mirroring the beginning: the voices enter again one after the other but beginning with the highest voice.

Though he had little formal training in electronics, he made synthesizers and modulators out of any gadgets and surplus parts he could find, including guitar effects pedals and battery-operated transistor radios. Eschewing diagrams and plans, Haack improvised, creating instruments capable of 12-voice polyphony and random composition. Using these modular synthesizer systems, he then recorded with two two-track reel-to-reel decks, adding a moody tape echo to his already distinctive pieces. As the 1960s progressed and the musical climate became more receptive to his kind of whimsical innovation, Haack's friend, collaborator, and business manager Chris Kachulis found mainstream applications for his music.

Much of Monteverdi's output, including many stage works, has been lost. His surviving music includes nine books of madrigals, large-scale religious works, such as his Vespro della Beata Vergine (Vespers for the Blessed Virgin) of 1610, and three complete operas. His opera L'Orfeo (1607) is the earliest of the genre still widely performed; towards the end of his life he wrote works for Venice, including Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria and L'incoronazione di Poppea. While he worked extensively in the tradition of earlier Renaissance polyphony, as evidenced in his madrigals, he undertook great developments in form and melody, and began to employ the basso continuo technique, distinctive of the Baroque.

In his published score Monteverdi lists around 41 instruments to be deployed, with distinct groups of instruments used to depict particular scenes and characters. Thus strings, harpsichords and recorders represent the pastoral fields of Thrace with their nymphs and shepherds, while heavy brass illustrates the underworld and its denizens. Composed at the point of transition from the Renaissance era to the Baroque, L'Orfeo employs all the resources then known within the art of music, with particularly daring use of polyphony. The work is not orchestrated as such; in the Renaissance tradition instrumentalists followed the composer's general instructions but were given considerable freedom to improvise.

The opening track "Start" is a snippet of ambient sounds, bits of silence, and flickers of noise, including a PlayStation booting up. The low-key torch song "Thinkin Bout You" features soothing synth cycles, sparse keyboards, muffled electronic percussion, and lyrics addressing a lover with white lies in the verses and thoughts of eternal love in the chorus. "Fertilizer" is based on James Fauntleroy's 2010 song of the same name, repurposed on the album as an AM radio jingle and interlude about "bullshit". "Sierra Leone" incorporates chillwave and quiet storm styles, wind chime sounds, lo-fi beats, and polyphony similar to Prince's 1985 song "Paisley Park".

He was ideally equipped to provide elaborate polyphony to adorn the music making at the Catholic country houses of the time. The continued adherence of Byrd and his family to Catholicism continued to cause him difficulties, though a surviving reference to a lost petition apparently written by Byrd to Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury sometime between 1605 and 1612 suggests that he had been allowed to practise his religion under licence during the reign of Elizabeth. Nevertheless, he regularly appeared in the quarterly local assizes and was reported to the archdeaconry court for non-attendance at the parish church. He was required to pay heavy fines for recusancy.

Byrd's output of about 470 compositions amply justifies his reputation as one of the great masters of European Renaissance music. Perhaps his most impressive achievement as a composer was his ability to transform so many of the main musical forms of his day and stamp them with his own identity. Having grown up in an age in which Latin polyphony was largely confined to liturgical items for the Sarum rite, he assimilated and mastered the Continental motet form of his day, employing a highly personal synthesis of English and continental models. He virtually created the Tudor consort and keyboard fantasia, having only the most primitive models to follow.

Many of his compositions were not published until after his death, and even now, many remain in manuscript. The particle de before his name was propagated by his daughter Philippa. Pearsall was the author of several articles and letters that contributed to scholarly understanding of early music in the Roman Catholic and Anglican traditions and helped to re-establish plainsong, Renaissance polyphony, and ancient church hymns in German and English-speaking countries. His antiquarian interests, including history, heraldry and genealogy, his rejection of industrialisation, and his search for clarity in musical composition were derived from earlier models and place him firmly in the Romantic movement.

The Sanctus begins with very short phrases cadencing on C. Longer phrases then cadence on F, D and G before the music returns to C with conclusive effect. This was a new technique, using "tonal planning" to replace imitation as the means to keep the music moving forward. The Agnus Dei returns to the imitative polyphony of the Kyrie (the opening of Agnus Dei I repeats that of the Kyrie). As was frequently done in the 16th century, Palestrina adds an extra voice in Agnus Dei II, making seven for this movement, in which is embedded a three-part canon that begins with the head-motive.

The SRT Tomahawk Vision Gran Turismo is a fictional concept car created by American Street & Racing Technology, a sub-division of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles. It was developed as part of the Vision Gran Turismo project, where real-life automakers partner with video game developer Polyphony Digital to create car models for their Gran Turismo driving simulation series. The vehicle was released as downloadable content for Gran Turismo 6 in 2015. While the car's advanced design makes it impossible to functionally create with 2015 technology, the company has discussed creating it a few decades in the future, when technology has caught up with the car's design.

The Biddleville Quintette was a vocal group from the Biddleville neighborhood of Charlotte, North Carolina, United States, who recorded traditional black gospel for Paramount Records between 1926 and 1929. Although little information is available about the ensemble, the group is thought to have been led by a laborer, Adam Brown, and comprised four male singers and one woman. Their 36 recordings, released by Paramount on 78 rpm records, have become prized by collectors for their "passionate intensity and soulful delivery", featuring "call and response sanctified singing and sermons peppered with emphatic shouts and hollers. The 1929 recordings include instances of shape- note singing and progressive congregational polyphony...".

Many passages in the Symphony no. 3 employ Lutosławski's by-then well developed technique which he called "limited aleatorism", in which the individual players in the orchestra are each asked to play their phrase or repeated fragment in their own time — rhythmically independent from the other musicians. During these passages very little synchronisation is specified: events that are coordinated include the simultaneous entrances of groups of instruments, the abrupt end of some episodes, and some transitions to new sections. By this method the composer retains control of the symphony's architecture and the realisation of the performance, while simultaneously creating complex and somewhat unpredictable polyphony.

Nowhere throughout the concerto is the concertato violin allowed to shine with typical violinistic solo passages: Bach allotted all of the specific solo violin idiom, including extended violin-like arpeggio and bariolage passages, to the harpsichord. Nor does the naturally quiet traverso get a chance to cover the harpsichord's contributions to the polyphony. Neither the violin nor flute soloists get solo passages faster than thirty-seconds: these very fast episodes, typical for a concertato violin, are in this concerto also exclusively reserved for the harpsichord. In the early version of the concerto the concertato violin always has to play piano or quieter whenever the harpsichord plays a soloist passage.

He has also performed as a concerto soloist in Sydney Opera House with the Australian Baroque Orchestra. He works regularly with leading ensembles including Florilegium, the Bach Choir, BBC Singers, BBC Concert Orchestra, English Concert, London Baroque Soloists, Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Wallace Collection, Endymion Ensemble the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment, Britten Sinfonia, the Academy of Ancient Music and Polyphony. He has a particular commitment to contemporary music, and has been involved in premieres of works by composers as diverse as Patrick Gowers, Francis Pott, Judith Bingham, Thomas Hyde and Howard Goodall. He also collaborated with Thomas Adès in a recording for EMI of the composer's Under Hamelin Hill.

The Polyphonic Centre has been supported during the recent years by the Presidents of Georgia, Eduard Shevardnadze and Mikhail Saakashvili. For several years the Polyphonic Centre was also supported by the Japanese government. There has been a steady increase in interest towards the study of traditional polyphony (choral singing) during the recent years. In the 1970s there were two initial conferences organized on this subject, in the 1980s four conference, in the 1990s three conferences, and during the first decade of the 21st century nine conferences had been organized in several countries (apart from Georgia, in Taiwan in 2002, in Austria in 2005 and 2008, in Portugal in 2007).

The cantata is structured in five movements, an opening choral movement, a soprano arias, a chorale, an alto aria and another chorale. # Kündlich groß ist das gottselige Geheimnis # Geheimnisvolle Worte # Der Sohn des Vaters, Gott von Art # Dies Geheimnis führt und treibt uns # Gib uns, o Jesu The cantata is scored for soprano and alto soloists, a four-part choir, oboe, 2 violins, viola and continuo. The choral movements is in two parts, the first for the announcement of the mystery mostly homophonic, the second, "Gott ist offenbaret im Fleisch", in polyphony. In a da capo aria, the soprano is accompanied by obbligato instruments oboe and violin.

2011 GT Academy winner Jann Mardenborough joins competitors at the UK National Final in 2013 The GT Academy is a driver discovery/development program initiated in 2008 through a partnership between Sony Computer Entertainment Europe, Polyphony Digital, and Nissan Europe. Online qualifiers are held within Gran Turismo, and the top qualifiers are invited to National Finals in each participating country. The top winners of each country are sent to a Race Camp held at Silverstone, UK for the final selection. The winner undergoes an intensive Driver Development Programme designed by Nissan which will train and license them into a professional driver, competing in races worldwide.

In addition to formal classes, Bard Graduate Center runs a series of evening colloquia designed to function in a kind of polyphony with the “for credit” course offerings. Regular evening seminars, which are open to the academic public, serve as foci. In addition, the History and Theory of Museums program brings in speakers affiliated with current exhibitions, and the Medieval, Renaissance, and Early Modern Europe group cosponsors two annual events with the Columbia University interdepartmental group on Medieval and Renaissance studies. The endowed lecture series bring in a regular sequence of speakers on eighteenth- and nineteenth-century France and on the history of glass.

Saint Mary's Basilica is a very active parish church and center of worship for the Diocese of Phoenix. It is known for maintaining a traditional form of liturgy featuring the pipe organ, choir, men's schola and a wide range of music from traditional Gregorian chant to Renaissance polyphony and contemporary composers in its services. Beautiful liturgies rich in ceremonial and incense combined with a warm sense of inclusivity and Francisan hospitality ensure that attending the Holy Mass at the Basilica is a very moving and transcendent experience. Masses are celebrated from Monday to Friday at Noon, beginning with the singing of the Angelus, and on Sundays at 5.00 p.m.

The Neapolitan moresca à 3 appeared only "after the canzone villanesca alla napolitana à 3 had gained a secure foothold"Donna Cardamone cited in introduction to Complete madrigals. 2. Madrigals a 4, greghesche a 4, 5, and 7, Volume 2 Andrea Gabrieli and can be considered a development of the villanesca from bucolic to more raucous subject matter; in text, language and musical idiom. Chronologically, moresche belong the last years of Renaissance polyphonic song before monody and Baroque polyphony, and also on the cusp of change from the dominance in Italy of Flemish masters such as Adrian Willaert to native Italians such as Andrea Gabrieli.

The CMAA began sponsoring an annual Sacred Music Colloquium in 1990, in conjunction with the Ward Center of the Rome School of Music at Catholic University of America. The colloquium offers practical instruction in the liturgical practice of Gregorian chant and polyphony. Faculty have included CMAA leaders Mahrt, Buchholz, and Skeris, and conductors Wilko Brouwers, Jennifer Donelson- Nowicka, Arlene Oost-Zinner, David Hughes, Gisbert Brandt, and Scott Turkington. Guest lecturers, teachers and recitalists have included Langlais scholar Ann Labounsky, Ward Method instructor Amy Zuberbueler, Fr. Frank Phillips, C.R.. founder of the Canons Regular of St. John Cantius, vocal pedagogist MeeAe Cecilia Nam, Fr. Scott Haynes, S.J.C., Rev.

The Huelgas Ensemble is a Belgian early music group formed by the Flemish conductor Paul Van Nevel in 1971. The group's performance and extensive discography focuses on Renaissance polyphony. The name of the ensemble refers to a manuscript of polyphonic music, the Codex Las Huelgas. Van Nevel is noted for his style of performing many pieces with the singers and himself in a large circle, rotating, both in live performances (such as at the Rheingau Musik Festival where the pews had to be unbolted from the floor of the Basilika of Schloss Johannisberg in 2005), and in recordings around the microphone hovering above the center.

While the works can seem slow-paced today, at the time they were quite novel not only for their fusion of Renaissance polyphony, Gregorian chant, and lush, Verismo melodies and orchestrations, but also for Perosi's deep-seated faith in the words that he had set. The oratorio as a genre had been in decline in the preceding centuries, and Perosi's contributions to the canon brought him brief but significant international acclaim. In addition to the oratorios and masses for which he is best known, Perosi also wrote secular music—symphonic poems, chamber music, concertos, etc. In his youth, he also wrote pieces for organ.

The series has been characterized as "one of the most important early choral projects of our time" by D. James Ross of Early Music Review. In addition to the Peterhouse repertoire, the ensemble has made a specialty of 15th-century Franco-Flemish polyphony and often presents music seldom heard since its composition hundreds of years ago - a strategy that might be called "early music as new music". Metcalfe and the ensemble study how the music was originally performed, experimenting with vocal scoring, historical pronunciation of Latin and other languages, the use of instruments in vocal pieces, and pitch levels other than the modern A440, to create lively, expressive performances.

Second generation follows from 2006 to 2009, using similar sound engine. The third generation was introduced in 2009, featuring an all new Linear Morphing AiF (Acoustic and Intelligent Filtering) sound engine with 4-level dynamic stereo piano sampling and 128-note polyphony. The fourth generation is the current version of the Privia, first introduced in 2012 . It uses the improved rendition of Linear Morphing AiF engine, called Multi- Dimensional Acoustic and Intelligent Resonator (AiR) sound engine, featuring a revamped 4-layer sampling and new features such as simulated sympathetic resonance, adjustable key sensor response (referred to as "Hammer Response"), half-damper effect, pedal noises and key-off simulation.

Eloquence musicale et nombre oratoire (XVIe-XVIIIe siècle), Paris, Classiques Garnier, 2014. According to Scheibe Bach's music was artificial and confusing in style, and the notation of such elaborate ornaments (rather than leaving ornamentation to the performer, as was customary) obscured the melody and harmony. Rather than a clear division between melody and accompaniment, Bach made all voices equal in his brand of polyphony, which Scheibe felt made the music overloaded, unnatural and oppressed. In Albert Schweitzer's famous book on Bach, Schweitzer describes Scheibe as the literary champion of a distinctively German style of music, one that would break away from the Italian models.

The music and the character of the early symphonies of Myaskovsky look back to the Russian Romantics like Tchaikovsky, Glazunov or Taneyev. Myaskovsky also tried to be open to modern influences, but his music wasn't modern enough for the contemporary Russian composers since his focus was on melody and voice-leading as he had learned from Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. The first symphony has many attributes which are characteristic for Myaskovsky's symphonies: The expansive exposition and variation of the themes, the use of polyphony and counterpoint and of course the preference for minor scales and sonata form. The outer movements are in C minor, the second is in A-flat major.

The Roland SH-101 is a small, 32-key, monophonic analog synthesizer from the early 1980s. It has one oscillator with two waveforms, an 'octave-divided' sub-oscillator, and a low-pass filter/VCF capable of self oscillation. When a shoulder strap is connected to it, and the small handgrip with a pitch bend wheel and a pitch modulation trigger is used, the SH-101 becomes a keytar. Yamaha SHS-10 The Yamaha SHS-10 from the late 1980s has a small keyboard with 32 minikeys and a pitch-bend wheel, an internal Frequency modulation (usually referred to as FM) synthesizer offering 25 different voices with 6-note polyphony.

The Nissan PlayStation GT Academy (also The NISMO PlayStation GT Academy or GT Academy; GT abbreviated from Gran Turismo) was an international virtual-to-reality contest that allowed the video gamers of the Gran Turismo game the opportunity to become a real-world car racing driver. Created in June 2008 in collaboration between Nissan Europe, Sony Computer Entertainment Europe and Polyphony Digital, GT Academy provided an alternative route into professional motor racing for people. The contest comprised different phases. Players began with virtual racing on PlayStation's Gran Turismo, and progressed to National Finals before the winners of each region competed for real in actual Nissan cars at Race Camp.

The first and most famous ballet school in France, the École de danse de l'Opéra national de Paris, the school of dance of the Paris opera, was founded in 1669 for adult dancers, and began taking children as students beginning in 1776. Virtually all of the main dancers of the Paris ballet are graduates of the school. In 1987 the ballet school was relocated from the Opera house to the suburb of Nanterre. The Schola Cantorum de Paris was founded in 1896 as a rival to the Conservatory; it put an emphasis on technique, and on the study of late Baroque and early Classical works, Gregorian chant, and Renaissance polyphony.

Kozlov has received several awards, including the Second Prize in the Russian National Cello Competition in 1993,Music professors and guests to present recital, Northwestern College, 7 March 2012 the Gregor Piatigorsky Scholarship, and the Fanny B. Thalheimer Memorial Scholarship. In 2001 Kozlov participated in Polyphony of the World as a member of "Kremerata Baltica". He was a member of the highly applauded Monument Piano Trio with other Peabody Conservatory graduates, and after moving to South Dakota he became a member of the Dakota String Quartet. Kozlov has also performed as an accompanist to Adam Golka, Paul Sanchez and Alessio Bax in the 2011 and 2012 Dakota Sky International Piano festivals.

The opening of the second quartet is essentially contrapuntal, with the viola and the second violins playing countersubjects to the cello's principal melodic line. Haydn also uses more obscure techniques; in the adagio movement of the fifth quartet, for example, he writes at one point "per figuram retardationis", meaning that the melodic line in the first violin lags behind the harmonic changes in the accompaniment. "Enormous importance lies in these fugues", writes Tovey. "Besides achieving in themselves the violent reconquest of the ancient kingdom of polyphony for the string quartet, they effectively establish fugue texture from henceforth as a normal resource of sonata style".

A further fifty-two motets are contained in the second volume, Sententiae insigniores quinque, sex et septem voces ex evangeliis dominicalibus excerptae atque modulis musicis ornatae, for from five to seven voices. They were to be sung on days from the first Sunday in Advent through to the twenty-fifth Sunday after Trinity. They have been described as "lively" by Hans J. Moser, who praises Wanning's expressive power, and Rudolf Eller highlights the motets' solid polyphony, colourful sound, and richness of expression. Wanning was also the author of the first known musical epithalamium – a poem written for a newlywed bride heading to the marital bedchamber for the first time.

The present rector of the Oratory is the Rev. Canon Benjamin Coggeshall. The rector of the Oratory serves as the Archbishop's Delegate for the implementation of Pope Benedict XVI’s motu proprio Summorum Pontificum in the diocese. Unlike a parish, with geographically determined boundaries, the Oratory does not cover a specified territory; the Oratory has permission to conduct baptisms, weddings and funerals in addition to Holy Mass and confessions. In accord with the Institute of Christ the King’s emphasis on the solemnity of the sacred liturgy and the beauty of liturgical arts, the Oratory has a highly developed music program, with several choirs specializing in Gregorian chant and polyphony.

London, Paul Elek. An enduringly popular early piece is "Lully, Lulla, Thou Little Tiny Child," Op.25b, a setting of the Coventry Carol, while the hymn "Drop, drop, slow tears" (concluding Crucifixus pro nobis, Op.38, 1961) has also appeared in numerous recordings.E.g. Layton, Polyphony, Hyperion CDA66925; Spicer/Lumsden, Finzi Singers, Chandos 9485; C. Robinson, St John's, Cambridge, Naxos DDD8.555795; Scott, St Paul's Cathedral, Hyperion CDA66489; Shepherd, Schola Cantorum Oxford, Manor MLR0191; Jeffcoat, St.Catharine's, Cambridge, PRCD436; Rowland, Of a Rose, Christ's Cambridge REGCD243; Layton, Trinity College Cambridge, CDA68039. The boundaries between sacred, choral and secular music, however, are often blurred in Leighton's oeuvre, which makes extensive use of vocals.

The writings by Tinctoris were influential on composers and other music theorists for the remainder of the Renaissance. While not much of the music of Tinctoris has survived, that which has survived shows a love for complex, smoothly flowing polyphony, as well as a liking for unusually low tessituras, occasionally descending in the bass voice to the C two octaves below middle C (showing an interesting similarity to Ockeghem in this regard). Tinctoris wrote masses, motets and a few chansons. Tinctoris was also known as a cleric, a poet, a mathematician, and a lawyer; there is even one reference to him as an accomplished painter.

In the opening chorus, a chorale fantasia, Bach faced the problem of structuring the unusually long stanza of 14 lines and an additional repeat of the last two lines, as seems to have been customary in Leipzig. The concerto of the orchestra is dominated by a syncope fanfare motif from the trumpets. In the first four lines, repeated in the next four and the final two, the soprano sings the cantus firmus, with the lower voices in free polyphony. Lines 9 and 10, speaking of "" (in good silence) are marked adagio; the choir sings in homophony in triple meter, accompanied by the orchestra without the trumpets.

Sometimes he is depicted wearing the Eastern Orthodox mitre, sometimes he is bareheaded. Iconographically, Nicholas is depicted as an elderly man with a short, full, white, fluffy beard and balding head. In commemoration of the miracle attributed to him by tradition at the Council of Nicea, he is sometimes depicted with Christ over his left shoulder holding out a Gospel Book to him and the Theotokos over his right shoulder holding the omophorion. Because of his patronage of mariners, occasionally Saint Nicholas will be shown standing in a boat or rescuing drowning sailors; Medieval Chants and Polyphony, image on the cover of the Book of Hours of Duke of Berry, 1410.

Choir members raising the Philippine flag after they were announced grand champion of the 64th International Habaneras and Polyphony Competition held in Torrevieja, Spain on 31 July 2018. Performing music from the classical to the most modern genre, UPSA has showcased Philippine culture from the ethnic North and South Philippines which they have presented in Europe, Africa, Asia, and the USA. UPSA has performed in many national and international music events; sung for weddings of the Philippines' most prominent families; done back-ups for the country's top artists and Josh Groban in his "Awake" concert tour at the Phil. International Convention Center (PICC) in Manila (Oct.

Worship in the Chapel of the Resurrection is in accordance with the Anglo-Catholic tradition in the Church of England and is open to all, especially to members of the university. Alongside its reputation for dignified and traditional liturgy, Pusey House is also recognised for its musical tradition, most visible at the Solemn Mass on Sundays and solemnities. The choir's extensive repertoire ranges from the earliest church music and Gregorian chant, through the polyphony of Byrd and extending to 19th and 20th century composers such as Vierne and Stanford. Pusey House commissioned a new Mass-setting for its 125th anniversary celebrations from the composer Alexander Campkin.

The evidence linking Francesco to the Landini family via his presumed father, who was identified by Filippo Villani as a painter who lived a simple life is no longer accepted by art historians. It can therefore also no longer be maintained that the painter Jacopo del Casentino (formerly also referred to as 'Jacopo Landino') was his father or that Cristoforo Landino was his great-nephew.Michael Scott Cuthbert, 'Trecento Fragments And Polyphony Beyond The Codex', a thesis presented to the Department of Music in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of Music. Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts, August 2006, p.

Academic understanding of these expressive devices is often subjective however, as many vocal techniques discussed by treatise writers in the 17th and 18th centuries have different meanings, depending on the author. Despite the fashion for straight tone, many prominent Early music singers make use of a subtle, gentle form of vibrato to add expression to their performance. A few of the singers who have contributed to the historically informed performance movement are Emma Kirkby, Max van Egmond, Julianne Baird, Nigel Rogers, and David Thomas. The resurgence of interest in Early music, particularly in sacred renaissance polyphony and Baroque opera, has driven a revival of the countertenor voice.

Pérotin is the first composer of organum quadruplum—four-voice polyphony—at least the first composer whose music has survived, since complete survivals of notated music from this time are scarce. Léonin, Pérotin and the other anonymous composers whose music has survived are representatives of the era of European music history known as the ars antiqua. The motet was first developed during this period out of the clausula, which is one of the most frequently encountered types of composition in the Magnus Liber Organi. While music with notation has survived, in substantial quantity, the interpretation of this music, especially with regard to rhythm, remains controversial.

The TS synthesizers followed the legacy of the VFX line, improving several aspects such as the polyphony, effects engine, sample-loading capabilities and even better synth and acoustic sounds. The DP series of effects rack-mount units offered parallel processing and reverb presets on a par with Lexicon's offerings, but at affordable prices. DP/2 (1995) Despite these strengths, early (1980s) Ensoniq instruments suffered from reliability and quality problems such as bad keyboards (Mirage DSK-8), under- developed power-supply units (early ESQ-1), or mechanical issues (EPS polypressure keyboard). Through the early and mid-1990s, much effort was focused on improving the reliability of the products.

Reise’s music draws on polyphonic classical traditions. After being influenced by the great western classical voice-leading tradition, he became interested in Carnatic rhythm and integrated its techniques into his style. This has resulted in a method he calls "rhythmic polyphony" in which rhythmic motives are developed within the phrase such that the cadence point of the phrase is implied by the rhythms alone. Works written before the adoption of the rhythmic method include Symphony of Voices (1978) which was premiered at the Monadnock Festival with soprano Neva Pilgrim, and his Second Symphony (1980) premiered by the Syracuse Symphony, conducted by Christopher Keene, and performed subsequently by the Philadelphia Orchestra.

One, two, or three voices, known as the vox organalis (or vinnola vox, the "vining voice") were notated above it with quicker lines moving and weaving together. The evolution from a single line of music to one where multiple lines all had the same weight moved through the writing of organa. The practice of keeping a slow moving "tenor" line continued into secular music, and the words of the original chant survived in some cases, as well. One of the most common types of organa in the Magnus Liber is the clausula, which are sections of polyphony that can be substituted into longer organa.

During this year, Alessandro was also responsible for overseeing the choir's correct performance of its duties in the Sistine Chapel. Artistically speaking, the job involved him in choosing soloists and in developing repertoire. This entire period was one of great upheaval within the Sistine choir's organisation as well as Catholic church music at large: the reforming movement known as Cecilianism, which had originated in Germany, was beginning to have its influence felt in Rome. Its calls for the Church's music to return to the twin bases of Gregorian chant and the polyphony of Palestrina were a direct threat to both the repertoire and the practice of the Sistine Chapel.

When early works were banned by Soviet censors, Pärt entered the first of several periods of contemplative silence, during which he studied choral music from the 14th to 16th centuries. In this context, Pärt's biographer, Paul Hillier, observed that "he had reached a position of complete despair in which the composition of music appeared to be the most futile of gestures, and he lacked the musical faith and willpower to write even a single note."P. Hillier, Arvo Pärt, 1997, p. 64. The spirit of early European Polyphony informed the composition of Pärt's transitional Third Symphony (1971); thereafter he immersed himself in early music, reinvestigating the roots of Western music.

Television and film rights to her work have been acquired by the CBC for 'Canada: A People's History' and by the popular television series 'PSI Factor' for her song 'Kant'. Most recently her music appears in films by Alan Pakarnyk (Polyphonic Songs), Danishka Esterhazy and Bobby Leigh ('Dark Bird' and 'Call'). She has also worked with Shumka (2006) and Rusalka, Canadian Ukrainian dance ensembles of international note, who have created dance works based on her songs. As an educator, Ms. Kochan has led master classes in singing and Ukrainian folk polyphony and conducted numerous workshops and music camps in Canada, the United States, and Europe.