The university says it ploughs rent into upkeep of the buildings.
|
|
This can only be achieved if he ploughs money into capital expenditure.
|
|
Buffaloes are becoming a rarity, but ploughs pulled by tractors are a common sight.
|
|
The conventional symbolism of bloody daggers, skulls, ploughs and hour glasses seems banal chez Picasso.
|
|
Failing to mention that Stalin would criminalize abortion 16 years later, Meaney ploughs straight ahead.
|
|
For some counties, it also tallied the population, the amount of livestock and even the ploughs.
|
|
Farmers scythe rice fields; water buffaloes pull wooden ploughs; hay-laden bullock-carts trundle down narrow roads.
|
|
Mexico's south, where a quarter of the population lives, has ox-drawn ploughs rather than assembly lines.
|
|
As Mr Abyzov ploughs through "Homo Deus" in his cell, he may reflect on how little human nature has changed.
|
|
Let's not forget that Facebook itself ploughs its own resources into engaging politicians to use its platform for campaigning too.
|
|
It is very rare that he remembers to break off the same line before he ploughs straight into the fence.
|
|
Slabbert never ploughs his corn fields or leaves them fallow, so he is able to keep the carbon in the soil.
|
|
The machinery that is gradually replacing cow-drawn ploughs, still the usual method of tilling Cuban fields, is made in China.
|
|
The album, released last Friday, presents Jorja in a way that's decidedly mid-tempo, and as a result, ploughs firmly against trend.
|
|
Now farmers need ploughs and trowels, good seeds, access to credit and crop-storage facilities, say the leaders of a local farmers' association.
|
|
The move comes as Beijing ploughs billions of dollars into home-grown chip companies in a bid to end China's reliance on foreign semiconductors.
|
|
African farmers, who use ox-drawn ploughs and pick cotton by hand, are competing against vast mechanised farms in Texas that still receive subsidies.
|
|
A hit-and-run driver ploughs into a family at high speed when they stop him from dragging their daughter into his car. Surprise!
|
|
Drifts made snow as deep as five meters (16 feet) in some places and snow ploughs struggled to cut a path up winding mountain roads.
|
|
Several scholars, including Qian Liangxin of Anhui University, also point out that China often ploughs more into its capital stock than it earns from it.
|
|
Drifts made snow as deep as five metres (16 feet) in some places and snow ploughs struggled to cut a path up winding mountain roads.
|
|
The city, which is not equipped to deal with snow emergencies due to their rarity, asked other areas to send in snow ploughs to help clear roads.
|
|
In this part of Zimbabwe farmers have five-hectare (12-acre) plots, but without animals to draw the ploughs, many have reduced the area under crops this season.
|
|
The construction alone requires muscle power, snow ploughs, and tons of ice — a very respectable feat considering the fact that these hotels have to be built from scratch every year.
|
|
Bahrain ploughs 80% of the take from work-permit fees back into the domestic economy through Tamkeen, which offers subsidised loans and grants to help businesses buy equipment and training.
|
|
Global business experience remains a key to F1's success, and while Ecclestone ploughs his own furrow there are another two heavy hitters who cannot be ignored from the picture.
|
|
An eight-metre-wide metal frame fitted with ploughs and harrows was dragged back and forth repeatedly across the seabed, scouring it and wafting a plume of sediment into the water.
|
|
Will doesn't know that the plan is doomed to fail, but Jack does, yet he ploughs ahead with it anyway, ignoring all the evidence that the end of time can't be stopped.
|
|
Where that song revelled in hypnotic grooves accented by an imzad—a single-string bowed instrument used by the Tuareg people in Africa—his latest song, "Sonik Drips" ploughs a very different furrow.
|
|
Farmers across the country who normally rely on ox-drawn ploughs to till their fields fear they will have to plow by hand this year – and harvest little at the end of the season.
|
|
There are practical challenges, like the morning when, having risen earlier than the farmer who ploughs the village roads, I had to drag my suitcase uphill through a snowstorm to catch an airport train.
|
|
Its platform is reshaping us without accountability or oversight, even as it ploughs profits into spinning and shape-shifting its business in a bid to prevent our democratically elected representatives from being able to reshape it.
|
|
Any time an investor community gets hold of a theme and makes it the theme of the month or the year — like fintech was for ten years — I think it becomes overfunded because everybody ploughs into that.
|
|
Mr Wallace aims to include just about every aspect of metropolitan life, which means that the book rewards the reader who wishes to dip in and out as much as the one who ploughs the whole way through.
|
|
CARREFOUR French supermarket group Carrefour said on Wednesday it had agreed to sell its stake in Cargo, a real estate company that owns some of its distribution centres, to property vehicle Argan as it ploughs ahead with planned asset sales.
|
|
If Mr Trump ploughs ahead with plans to ban immigration from parts of the world he deems dangerous, and also to crack down on illegal foreign workers, one side-effect could be longer queues at airports as travellers' documents are more closely scrutinised.
|
|
As the Kavanaugh confirmation ploughs through to the full Senate vote, Republicans have articulated a grab-bag of arguments for dismissing Christine Blasey Ford's sexual assault claim: Until the late 20th century, sexual offense laws contained a "corroboration requirement" that a rape prosecution could not be proven solely by the word of the victim, no matter how credible.
|
|
Y'know, as he ploughs through a second turgid decade of journeying towards self-awareness — while continuing to be paralyzed, on the business, civic and, well, human being, front, by rank indecision about which people and points of view to listen to (Pro-Tip: If someone makes money selling lies and/or spreading hate you really shouldn't be letting them yank your operational chain) — leaving his platform (the would be "digital public square", as he kept referring to it today), incapable of upholding the healthy standards it claims to want to have.
|
|
Land for ten ploughs. In lordship > ten hides, there six ploughs. Four slaves (serfs).
|
|
Land for seven ploughs. Now in demesne 2 ploughs and 4 slaves > and 9 villans with 4 bordars have 5 ploughs. There are 24 acres of meadow. > Pasture one league in length and one breadth.
|
|
20 villagers have 9 ploughs. 7 smallholders and 6 slaves. 1 > mill, 2s, meadow for 6 ploughs; woodland, 200 pigs.
|
|
There is land for two > ploughs. There are now two ploughs in Demesne; and 8 Villans and 7 Bordars > having two ploughs, and 12 acres of meadow. There is woodland pasture 1 > league long and a half broad.
|
|
Countess Judith holds POTONE herself. It answers for 10 hides. Land for 12 ploughs. In lordship 3½ hides; 3 ploughs there.
|
|
There was a church with . There were 7 freemen with and 2 ploughs, and there were 5 other ploughs. The value of the manor was 40 shillings. South Erpingham Hundred held 3 freemen in Walcott with and 3 ploughs.
|
|
Land for 3 > ploughs. In the estate 2 ploughs, 5 slaves, 4 villagers and 1 small holder > with 2 ploughs. A mill valued at 4 shillings and 4 acres of meadow. The > value was and is now 30 shillings.
|
|
4 hides. Land for 14 ploughs. In lordship 2; 10 slaves.11 villagers with a priest and 4 smallholders have 6 ploughs.
|
|
There is land for three ploughs. There are > now three ploughs in demesne and nine villans having seven ploughs. There is > a priest and a church and one mill rendering 10 shillings and twenty four > acres of meadow. TRETRE in Latin is Tempore Regis Edwardi.
|
|
There is land for > four ploughs. There are now two ploughs in demesne and six villans and one > bordar with two ploughs. There is a priest and a church and twenty acres of > meadow, woodland pasture one furlong long and half a league broad.
|
|
There are twelve > hides. Baldwin held it TRE. In demesne three ploughs and seventeen villans > and two bordars with nine ploughs. There are six slaves.
|
|
Land for 5 ploughs; 2 ploughs there; 3 possible. 4 villagers; 5 smallholders. Meadow for 1 plough. Value £3; when acquired 100s; as much before 1066.
|
|
There is > land for eight ploughs. In demesne are 3 ploughs and 7 slaves and 10 villans > and 4 bordars with 6 ploughs. There are sixteen acres of meadow and 30 of > woodland and pasture 1 league by one league. It was worth three pounds, now > four.
|
|
There is land for 2 ploughs. There 12 villans now have ploughs. For the woodland 1 pig. TRE it was worth 50s: and afterwards 30s: now 50s.
|
|
Land for 4 ploughs. In lordship 2; 4 villagers and 10 smallholders with 2 ploughs. Meadow, 14 acres. The value before 1066 40s; later 30s; now 60s.
|
|
Leofsi held this land under Earl Harold [former king], and could withdraw without his permission. In CAMPS Aubrey de Vere holds 2½ hides. Land for 11 ploughs. In lordship, 1 hide and 1 virgate; 4 ploughs there. 17 villagers with 4 smallholders have 7 ploughs. 6 slaves; meadow for 3 ploughs; woodland for 500 pigs; from village grazing 8s. Total value £15, when acquired £12; before 1066 as much.
|
|
Open fields were well suited to the dense clay soils common in northwestern Europe. Heavy ploughs were needed to cut through the soil and the ox or horse teams which pulled the ploughs were expensive, and thus both animals and ploughs were often shared by necessity among farm families.
|
|
Southwick was recorded in the Domesday book (1085): Nigel holds Esmerwick of William. Azor held it of King Edward. Then, and now, it vouched for one hide and a half. There is land for 4 ploughs. In demesne are 2 ploughs, and 4 villeins and 6 bordars with 2 ploughs.
|
|
In 1086, it was recorded in the Domesday Book: Castle Camps [Canpas]: Robert Gernon holds 2 hides in CAMPS, and Thurstan from him. Land for 6 ploughs. In lordship 2; 8 villagers with 8 smallholders have 4 ploughs. 6 slaves; meadow for 2 ploughs; woodland, 12 pigs. Value £4; when acquired 30s; before 1066 40s.
|
|
At the time of Domesday Book (1086) the manor was held by Reginald from Robert, Count of Mortain. There were two and a half hides of land and land for 12 ploughs. Reginald held one virgate of land with 2 ploughs and 12 serfs. 30 villeins and 30 smallholders had the rest of the land with 6 ploughs.
|
|
1849, p. 246 At the time of Domesday Book (1086) the manor was recorded as having 12 hides of land and land for 60 ploughs. The lord (the Bishop of Exeter) held half a hide of land with 2 ploughs and 6 serfs, and 18 villeins and 12 smallholders had the rest of the land with 16 ploughs.
|
|
In Tatecastre, Dunstan and Turchil had eight carucates of land > for geld, where four ploughs may be. Now, William de Parci has three ploughs > and 19 villanes and 11 bordars having four ploughs, and two mills of ten > shillings (annual value). Sixteen acres of meadow are there. The whole > manors, five quaranteens in length, and five in breadth.
|
|
Edmer held it in the time of King > Edward the Confessor. It paid tax for half a hide. There is land for six > ploughs. In demesne there are 2 ploughs with one servant.
|
|
Strongly believing that agricultural implements must fit the milieu they are used in, he manufactured iron ploughs, the first Kirloskar products. He established a small unit in the former Aurangabad State for production of Chaff-cutters and manufacture of iron ploughs. In the early days, Kirloskar had to meet with opposition from farmers who believed that iron ploughs were poison to the land and make it useless. Superstitious farmers were extremely hard to convince and Laxmanrao Kirloskar took two years to sell his first iron ploughs.
|
|
Land for 12 ploughs (requiring, perhaps, 8 oxen each); in lordship 1 plough; 3 slaves. 13 villagers and 4 smallholders with 3 ploughs. Meadow , Pasture, 2 leagues long and 1 league wide. Value formerly and now £3.
|
|
Early tractor-drawn two-furrow plough. Early steel ploughs were walking ploughs, directed by a ploughman holding handles on either side of the plough. Steel ploughs were so much easier to draw through the soil that constant adjustment of the blade to deal with roots or clods was no longer necessary, as the plough could easily cut through them. So not long after that the first riding ploughs appeared, whose wheels kept the plough at an adjustable level above the ground, while the ploughman sat on a seat instead of walking.
|
|
18 villagers and 2 Freemen with 8 ploughs; a ninth possible. 13 smallholders and 3 slaves. 1 mill, 5s; meadow for 12 ploughs; pasture for the village livestock. In total, value £12; when acquired 100s; before 1066 £13.
|
|
There was land for 8 ploughs. There were 4 ploughs, 7 villeins, 7 smallholders, 2 acres of meadow, 60 acres of pasture, 4 cows, 2 pigs and 50 sheep.Thorn, Caroline & Frank, (eds.) Domesday Book, (Morris, John, gen. ed.) Vol.
|
|
5 hides > which pay tax. In Lordship 2 ploughs; 3 villagers, 11 smallholders and 3 > riding men with 5 ploughs. 5 slaves, male and female. From some men settled > there 110d are given for as long as they wish.
|
|
Barton-Le-Clay Domesday Book entry, taken from 210d 2. > In FLITT Hundred M. The Abbot also holds Barton (in-the-clay). It answers > for 11 hides. Land for 12 ploughs. In lordship 3 hides; 2 ploughs there; a > third possible.
|
|
Arms of the Williams family of Scorrier, Vair, three crescents or At the time of Domesday Book (1086) the manor was held by Reginald from Robert, Count of Mortain. There were two and a half hides of land and land for 12 ploughs. Reginald held one virgate of land with 2 ploughs and 12 serfs. 30 villains and 30 smallholders had the rest of the land with 6 ploughs.
|
|
Ipsi manerio pertinet > tercius denarius de Hundredis Nortmoltone et Badentone et Brantone et > tercium animal pasturae morarum Translated as follows: > Molland in the time of King Edward (the Confessor) paid geld for four hides > and one furlong. There is land for forty ploughs. In demesne are three > ploughs, and ten serfs, and thirty villeins, and twenty bordars, with > sixteen ploughs. There are twelve acres of meadow, and fifteen acres of > wood.
|
|
The lord had land for three ploughs with eleven serfs. Twenty-four villeins and fourteen smallholders had land for fifteen ploughs. There were also one and a half square leagues of pasture and a small amount of woodland. The income of the manor was £6 sterling.
|
|
Land to as many ploughs. Inland at Hubaldstorp. Now a certain Abbot of St. Germains in Selby has there under Geoffrey, one plough in the desmesne, and fifteen villanes and nineteen bordars, having seven ploughs, and thirty-one fisheries of thirty-one shillings. Thirty acres of meadow.
|
|
Before the Han Dynasty (202 BC – AD 220), Chinese ploughs were made almost wholly of wood except for the iron blade of the ploughshare. By the Han period the entire ploughshare was made of cast iron. These are the earliest known heavy, mould- board iron ploughs.
|
|
This is the same year that King Edred gave the village to his bailiff, Wulf. The Domesday Book of 1086 says this of Chieveley (source: The National Archives): :In Rowbury Hundred :The abbey itself holds Chieveley. It has always held it. TRE (in the reign of Edward the Confessor) it was assessed at 27 hides; now at 7½ hides with land for 20 ploughs. In demesne are 3 ploughs; and 28 villains and 10 bordars with 18 ploughs.
|
|
Immediately after the Conquest Walcott was given to Robert Malet who died before the Domesday Survey of 1088 when it was granted to Ralph (Ranulf), brother of Iger and held by Humphrey, possibly his nephew. There were 4 carucates and of land with 3 ploughs, 8 villagers & 16 smallholders. 2 other ploughs, of meadow, 1 mill, 2 cobs (horses), 16 cattle, 24 pigs, 70 sheep & 4 beehives. 1 church with , 7 freemen with , 5 other ploughs.
|
|
Federation of Old Cornwall Societies; pp. 59–60 Cargoll Farm Barn is a listed 15th century barn which belonged to the manor of Cargoll. The manor was recorded in the Domesday Book (1086); it was then held by Robert, Count of Mortain, from Bodmin Monastery. There were two hides of land and land for 15 ploughs. The lord held land for 3 ploughs with 16 serfs, and 16 villeins and 22 smallholders had land for 6 ploughs.
|
|
Old Post Office, Lawhitton At the time of Domesday Book (1086) the manor was held by the bishop and had 11 hides of land and land for 40 ploughs. The lord had land for 2 ploughs with 7 serfs, and 27 villeins and 20 smallholders had land for 29 ploughs. There was 8 acres of meadow, 100 acres of pasture and 10 acres of underwood. The value of the manor was £17 though it had formerly been worth only £8.
|
|
The manor of Climsland was one of the seventeen Antiqua maneria of the Duchy of Cornwall. The manor was recorded in the Domesday Book (1086) as Climson; there were 5 hides of land and land for 24 ploughs. One hide was held by the lord (with 3 ploughs and 9 serfs) and 30 villeins and 30 smallholders had 17 ploughs and 4 hides of land. There were also 3 acres of meadow, 16 square leagues of pasture and 3 square leagues of woodland.
|
|
The manor of Treglasta was recorded in Domesday Book (1086) when it was held by Robert, Count of Mortain; before 1066 it had been held by Earl Harold. There were 6 hides of land and land for 20 ploughs. The lord had one hide of land with 2 ploughs and 15 serfs. 24 villeins and 20 smallholders had the rest of the land with 12 ploughs. There were 300 acres of pasture, 4 unbroken mares, 4 cattle and 50 sheep.
|
|
There was half a hide of land and land for 3 ploughs. There were 2 ploughs, 3 serfs, 3 villeins, 6 smallholders, 2 acres of meadow, 1 acre of woodland, 10 acres of pasture, 7 cattle and 30 sheep. The value of the manor was 15 shillings.Thorn, C. et al.
|
|
This process is normally used in rural areas where previously buried services will not be encountered and there are no hardened surfaces, e.g. tarmac concrete etc.. There are also specialised laying ploughs for cable laying behind traffic barriers, in stream or lake beds or even for the laying of submarine cables in deep sea, so-called sea ploughs. Sea ploughs are pulled behind cable ships and bury the cable in the sea bed. Burying submarine cables helps protect them from anchors, trawlers and other risks.
|
|
There was half a hide of land and land for 8 ploughs. There were 2 ploughs, 2 serfs, 4 villeins, 12 smallholders, 6 acres of woodland, 40 acres of pasture, 2 cows, 2 pigs and 8 goats. The value of the manor was 15 shillings though it had formerly been worth £3 sterling.
|
|
There is > land . In demesne are 3 ploughs; and 16 villains with 2 > bordars have 7 ploughs. There is a church, and 10 slaves, and 1 mill > rendering 7s, and 12 acres of meadow, woodland for 50 pigs. In the time of > King Edward it was worth £8; when received, £7; now £8.
|
|
It is worth 15s. In Folio 209 Bedfordshire, Section Roman LV, The Land of the Wife of Ralph Taillebois, Clifton Hundred it says: In [Lower and Upper] Stondon Engeler holds 2½ hides of Azelina. There is land for 2½ ploughs. In Demesne [are] 2 ploughs; and 3 bordars with half a plough.
|
|
These included obviously Lullington, but also included lands in Coal Aston, Sandiacre, Risley and less than one bovate in Ingleby. > In Lullington Auti had five carucates of land to the geld. There is land for > five ploughs. There now Edward has of the king 21 villans and three bordars > having four ploughs.
|
|
The manor of Trebartha was recorded in the Domesday Book (1086) when it was held by Thurstan from Robert, Count of Mortain. There was half a hide of land and land for four ploughs. There were three and a half ploughs, two villeins and six smallholders. The value of the manor was 15 shillings.
|
|
These included obviously Witintune, but also included lands in Wirksworth, Unstone and Weston-on-Trent. > In Newbold with six berewicks—Old Whittington, Brimington, Tapton, > Chesterfield, Boythorpe, Eckington—there are six carucates and one bovate to > the geld. There is land for six ploughs. There the king has 16 villeins and > one slave having four ploughs.
|
|
There was half a hide of land and land for 4 ploughs. There were 2 ploughs, 3 serfs, 2 villeins, 3 smallholders, 5 acres of woodland, 60 acres of pasture, 6 cattle and 30 sheep. The value of the manor was 15 shillings though it had formerly been worth £1 sterling.Thorn, C. et al.
|
|
King Edward held this manor; it was Earl Tosti's. There were 4 Freemen who had 1 hide and 1 virgate; they could grant to whom they would. In (Cockayne) HATLEY Countess Judith holds 3 hides and 2½ virgates as one manor. Land for 6½ ploughs. In lordship 1 hide and ½ virgate; 2 ploughs there.
|
|
The first element is probably the Anglo Saxon word bene, meaning bean, and the second element stede refers to an inhabited place without town status (cf farmstead). Banstead's non-ecclesiastical land and 50 households were held by Richard as tenant-in-chief, under the Bishop of Bayeux. Its assets were: 9½ hides, 1 church, 1 mill worth £1, 17 ploughs, woodland worth 20 hogs. It rendered (in total): £8 per year. The Manor had two ploughs, and there were 28 villeins and 15 cottars (people with a small cottage but no land) with 15 ploughs.
|
|
Helstone (or Helston in Trigg) was in the Middle Ages one of the chief manors of the Hundred of Trigg and perhaps in Celtic times the seat of a chieftain. In the Domesday Book this manor was held by Earl Robert of Mortain: there were 2 hides, land for 15 ploughs; the lord had 4 ploughs & 18 serfs; 20 villagers & 18 smallholders had 8 ploughs; of woodland; 6 square leagues of pasture; five kinds of livestock, in total 195 beasts. The manor of Penmayne was a dependency of this manor.Thorn, C., et al.
|
|
These ploughs date back to the days of the steam engine and the horse. In almost universal use on farms, they have right and left-handed mould boards, enabling them to work up and down the same furrow. Reversible ploughs may either be mounted or semi- mounted and are heavier and more expensive than right-handed models, but have the great advantage of leaving a level surface that facilitates seedbed preparation and harvesting. Very little marking out is necessary before ploughing can start; idle running on the headland is minimal compared with conventional ploughs.
|
|
The name Heanor derives from the Old English hēan (the dative form of hēah) and ofer, and means "[place at] the high ridge". In the Domesday Book of 1086 it was recorded as Hainoure, with its entry stating: > 6M In CODNOR and Heanor and Langley [in Heanor] and 'Smithycote' [in Codnor > Park] 8 thegns had 7 carucates of land to the geld [before 1066]. [There is] > land for as many ploughs. There are now 3 ploughs in demesne, and 11 > villains and 2 bordars and 3 sokemen having 5½ ploughs.
|
|
For rabbeting and fillister work the upper holes q are used, while using ploughs the lower ones are brought into requisition.
|
|
Pillaton was recorded in Domesday Book (1086) when the manor was held by Reginald from Robert, Count of Mortain. There was half a hide of land and land for 6 ploughs. There were 3 ploughs, 3 serfs, 7 villeins and 7 smallholders. There were 100 acres of pasture, 40 acres of woodland, 30 sheep, 10 goats and 2 cattle.
|
|
Maker was recorded in the Domesday Book (1086) when it was held by Reginald from Robert, Count of Mortain. There was 1 hide of land and land for 8 ploughs. There were 3 ploughs, 4 serfs, 6 villeins, 8 smallholders, of pasture. The value of the manor was £1 sterling though it had formerly been worth .
|
|
The parish was at the time of Domesday Book within the manor of Binnerton. There were 8 hides of land with enough for 60 ploughs. There were 32 villagers and 25 smallholders with 15 ploughs between them. Apart from the arable land there was of meadow, 2 sq leagues of pasture and half a sq league of woodland.
|
|
1 hide and 1½ virgates pay tax. Land for 2 ploughs. > 1 Frenchman has ½ plough, 3 slaves. 2 villagers have ½ plough. Church.
|
|
Also listed on the manor were three Welshmen with as many ploughs and carucates, who continued their Welsh customs (leges Walensi viventes).
|
|
8 villagers with 4½ ploughs; woodland, 4 pigs. Value £6 5s; when acquired 100s; before 1066 £6. Earl Tosti held this manor.
|
|
East Riding. Hessle Hundred. Manerium. In Brunham, Morcar, Turvet and Turchil had 11 carucates of taxable land. There is land for six ploughs.
|
|
Helstone (or Helston in Trigg) was in the Middle Ages one of the chief manors of the Hundred of Trigg and perhaps in Celtic times the seat of a chieftain. In the Domesday Book this manor was held by Earl Robert of Mortain: there were 2 hides, land for 15 ploughs; the lord had 4 ploughs & 18 serfs; 20 villagers & 18 smallholders had 8 ploughs; of woodland; 6 square leagues of pasture; five kinds of livestock, in total 195 beasts. The manor of Penmayne was a dependency of this manor. It was one of the 17 Antiqua maneria of the Duchy of Cornwall.
|
|
There was one hide of land and land for 8 ploughs. There were 6 ploughs, 8 serfs, 7 villeins, 20 smallholders, 1 acre of meadow, 1 acre of woodland, 4 square leagues of pasture, 3 unbroken mares, 12 pigs, 10 cattle and 100 sheep. The value of the manor was £2 sterling though it had formerly been worth £3.Thorn, C. et al.
|
|
There was one hide of land and land for 5 ploughs. There were one and half ploughs, 3 serfs, 2 villeins, 4 smallholders, 2 acres of meadow, 3 acres of woodland, one square league of pasture, 2 cattle, 40 sheep and 15 goats. The value of the manor was 10 shillings though it had formerly been worth £1-10s.Thorn, C. et al.
|
|
It is necessary to back up the tractor and plough to reset the bottom. This construction is used to protect the individual bottoms. The automatic reset design has only recently been introduced on US ploughs, but has been used extensively on European and Australian ploughs. Here the beam is hinged at a point almost above the point of the share.
|
|
At the Domesday survey in 1086, Kettering manor is listed as held by the Abbey of Peterborough, the church owning 10 hides of land. Kettering was valued at £11, with land for 16 ploughs. There were 107 acres of meadow, 3 of woodland, 2 mills, 31 villans with 10 ploughs and 1 female slave.Domesday Book: A Complete Translation, Penguin Books, 1992, . p. 596.
|
|
The manor of Week was recorded in the Domesday Book (1086) as having one hide of land and land for eight ploughs. It was one of twenty-eight manors held by Richard from Robert, Count of Mortain. There were three ploughs, four serfs, six villeins and ten smallholders. There was 2 acres of woodland and one square league of pasture.
|
|
In 1946 the remaining locos were renumbered from 5210 to 5346. A number of locos had tender cabs fitted for use with snow ploughs.
|
|
It was held by Turald (Thorold) from Roger de Montgomery. Its domesday assets were: 2 hides. It had 4 ploughs, of meadow. It rendered £3.
|
|
There was half a hide of land and land for six ploughs. There were two ploughs, three serfs, three villeins, 12 smallholders, 12 acres of pasture, five cattle, 40 sheep and 10 goats. The value of this part was £1 though it had formerly been worth £1 10s. The other part of the manor was also held by Reginald from Robert, Count of Mortain.
|
|
Pitchford Hall Pitchford Hall is Grade I listed building and the estate is first referred to in historical records in the Domesday Book (1081–86) as follows: “Edric, and Leofric and Wulfric held it as thress manors; they were free. 3 hides which pay tax. Land for 5 ploughs. In lordship 3; 3 slaves; 3 ploughmen; 1 village; 3 smallholders, a smith and rider with 2 ploughs.
|
|
In 1086, the Domesday book shows that Stonton Wyville was part of the estates of Hugh de Grandmesnil.Domesday Book: A Complete Translation. London: Penguin, 2003. Stonton was amongst a hundred manors that had been given to Hugh for his assistance in the Norman conquest of England. > "The same man holds of Hugh 6 carucates of land in Stonton Wyville. There is > land for 4 ploughs. In demesne are 2 ploughs and 2 slaves and 15 villans > with a priest and 2 bordars have 4 ploughs. There are two mills rendering > 5s4d and of meadow, woodland 6 furlongs long and 4 furlongs broad. It was > worth 40s now 60s".
|
|
Rollers may be ganged to increase the width of each pass/swath. Rollers may be trailed after other equipment such as ploughs, disc harrows, or mowers.
|
|
Eighteen villeins > (villagers). Seven bordars (smallholders) with four ploughs. Fourteen acres > of meadow, pasture fourteen furlongs long, 4 furlongs wide. Woodlands two > leagues length and width.
|
|
Land for 2 ploughs. In lordship 1; 2 slaves; 1 villager and 3 smallholders with 1 plough. Meadow 4 acres. The value was 40s; now 30s.
|
|
Moving from the Dark Ages into the medieval period, documentary evidence takes precedence over archaeological evidence. Before the Norman Conquest Walcott was held by Eadric de Laxfield. There were 4 carucates and 6 acres (about 486 acres) of (arable) land, 8 villagers and 16 smallholders. The lord had 2 ploughs and there were 2 other ploughs. There were of meadow, 1 mill, 3 cattle, 4 pigs & 80 sheep.
|
|
77-78 Job's Cross is on the road from Trewethern to St. Kew. St Kew was a large manor at the time of Domesday Book. There were 5 hides of land which included land for 22 ploughs. There were 59 villagers and 26 smallholders with 20 ploughs between them. Also of meadow, of pasture and a large woodland; the livestock were 9 cattle and 120 sheep. The annual value was £6.
|
|
Lansallos is mentioned in the Domesday Book (1086) as the manor of Lansalhas; it was one of 28 manors held by Richard from Robert, Count of Mortain. There was one hide of land and land for 5 ploughs. There were 2 ploughs, 3 serfs, 2 villeins and 2 smallholders. There were 30 acres of pasture, 34 sheep and 11 other beasts. The value of the manor was 10 shillings.
|
|
In the south of the neighbourhood, on the Shepperton side of the motorway are a general waste transfer station, further fields and Sunbury Golf Course, which has 18 holes and is bisected by the Shepperton railway line. Charlton appears in Domesday Book as Cerdentone. It was held by Roger de Rames. Its domesday assets were: 5 hides; 1½ ploughs (with potential for 3½), meadow for 4 ploughs, cattle pasture.
|
|
There are twenty > hides. In demesne are six ploughs and twenty three villans and eight bordars > with eighteen ploughs. There are ten slaves and six men render 100 ingots of > iron less ten and in Gloucester one burgess pays 5d and two coliberts pay > 34d and there are 3 Frenchmen and two mills rendering 100d. There are sixty > acres of meadow and woodland half a league long and a half broad.
|
|
Kverneland plough. The reversible (or roll-over) plough has two mould-board ploughs mounted back to back, one turning right, the other left. While one works the land, the other is borne upside-down in the air. At the end of each row the paired ploughs are turned over so that the other can be used along the next furrow, again working the field in a consistent direction.
|
|
He owned 17 carucates of land at Harby. In the time of > Edward the Confessor it was 14 ploughs. Three of these carucates were held > directly by Robert with 8 slaves. 13 of the ploughs were leased to 24 > freemen, 7 villagers and 3 smallholders. There were meadows measuring 5 > furlongs long and 5 furlongs wide. This land now brought in £5 a year; it > used to be £4.
|
|
According to the Domesday Book there was enough arable land for 27 ploughs, meadows and extensive woodlands. The town may have grown up to service the Norman castle.
|
|
It was a manor of a single hide, with land for two ploughs, and worth 10s. 8.Morris et al. Domesday text translation, Phillimore no. SHR 3a,1.
|
|
Schulton or Scheltone is an ancient word, which means shelf. Shilton is therefore Scheltone or shelf-town. The village boasted 3 ploughs, with 1 serf and 4 sokemen.
|
|
The name Silkstone is Old English in origin and is thought to derive from the Anglo-Saxon man's name Sylc and the suffix tūn meaning a farmstead, giving "Sylc's farmstead". The earliest known written record of Silkstone is the Domesday Book of 1086, when Silkstone is referred to as a part of the manor of Cawthorne: > In Calthorne (Cawthorne) Ailric had three carucates of land to be taxed and > there may be two ploughs there. The same now has it of Ilbert; himself two > ploughs there, and four villanes with two ploughs. There is a vicor and a > church, wood pasture two miles long and two broad; the whole manor three > miles long and two broad.
|
|
Also 8 freemen, . Always 2 ploughs; meadow, . Value of the whole 40s. It has 1 league in length and 10 furlongs in width; tax of 10d, whoever holds there.
|
|
Because Neolithic and Bronze Age ploughs were not heavy enough to turn clay soils, the arable activities of the farmers concerned would have been based on the chalk Downs.
|
|
Lanescot is recorded in the Domesday Book (1086) as Lisnestoch. National Archives website. Retrieved April 2010 The manor was held by Richard from Robert, Count of Mortain. There was land for 5 ploughs. There were 2 ploughs, 2 serfs, 4 smallholders, 1 acre of woodland, 20 acres of pasture, 4 cattle, 2 pigs, 40 sheep and 12 goats. The value of the manor was 10 shillings though it had formerly been worth 15 shillings.
|
|
His rule was marked by bitter conflicts, especially against his brother, Duke Abel of Schleswig who seems to have wanted an independent position and who was supported by the counts of Holstein. Eric also fought the Scanian peasants, who rebelled because of his hard taxes, among other things, on ploughs. The number of ploughs a man owned was used as a measure of his wealth. This gave the king the epithet "plough- penny" (Danish: Plovpenning).
|
|
Tregony Bridge The manor of Tregony was recorded in the Domesday Book (1086) when it was held by Frawin from Robert, Count of Mortain. Its earliest known spelling was Trefhrigoni, in 1049.Padel, O. J., Cornish Place-Names. There was 1 hide of land and land for 5 ploughs. There were 2 ploughs, 5 serfs, 3 villeins, 6 smallholders, 12 acres of woodland, 100 acres of pasture, 3 cattle, 40 sheep and 20 goats.
|
|
The manor of "Chilchetone" was very valuable at the time of Domesday Book. It had paid tax on 7 hides in the previous reign and there was land for 40 ploughs. 26 villagers and 23 smallholders had 26 ploughs between them and there was also of meadow, 20 sq furlongs of pasture and a considerable woodland. The livestock were 50 cattle, 600 sheep, 20 pigs and 40 goats; the annual value was £18.
|
|
For three generations, the Société Garnier had its workshop in Eternoz. In 1913, a local blacksmith, Jean Garnier, founded a forge that made and sold ploughs. By 1953, the business had sold 5000 ploughs, but this progressively gave way to the sale of more innovative and diverse farm machinery from the 1960s onwards. The resulting expansion led to the decision, in 2008, to move the company to new and larger premises 15km away in Levier.
|
|
Ploughs were traditionally drawn by oxen and horses, but in modern farms are drawn by tractors. A plough may have a wooden, iron or steel frame, with a blade attached to cut and loosen the soil. It has been fundamental to farming for most of history.BBC - Anglo-Saxon 7th Century plough coulter found in Kent - 7 April 2011 The earliest ploughs had no wheels, such a plough being known to the Romans as an aratrum.
|
|
Of these the lord's demesne accounted for 16 hides and 2 ploughs. There were 32 villeins and 8 cottagers and they had 12 ploughs. There were also 4 slaves. These would be only the male heads of families (except for slaves who may have been counted as individuals) and the total has to be multiplied by an arbitrary figure (4 or 5 is usual) for an estimate of the total including women and children.
|
|
He > has 3 ploughs; 5 villagers and 4 smallholders with 4 ploughs. The value was > 20s; now 40s. The southern section, called Nether Aston, formed part of the Manor of Warndon which was held by Urse D'Abitot who leased it to Robert de Bracy. The Domesday Book entry for the Manor of Nether Aston states > Urso also holds 1 hide and 3 virgates at Warndon and (White Ladies) Estun, > and Robert from him.
|
|
In the grounds of the mill are a number of items of interest, such as a cast-iron milestone and various horse- and tractor- drawn ploughs, whin crushing stone, etc.
|
|
All these have twelve ploughs. There is a mill worth ten shillings. The name 'Caldicot' is usually stated to derive from the Old English phrase calde cot meaning 'cold hut'.
|
|
Ludgvan Lease now exists as a hamlet within the parish. At the time of Domesday Book the manor had 3 hides of land and land for 15 or 30 ploughs.
|
|
Accessed 2007-09-22. The first recorded use of the word meaning "an engine or vehicle for pulling wagons or ploughs" occurred in 1896, from the earlier term "traction engine" (1859).
|
|
It required greater animal power and promoted the use of teams of oxen. Illuminated manuscripts depict two-wheeled ploughs with both a mouldboard, or curved metal ploughshare, and a coulter, a vertical blade in front of the ploughshare. The Romans had used light, wheel-less ploughs with flat iron shares that often proved unequal to the heavy soils of northern Europe. The return to systemic agriculture coincided with the introduction of a new social system called feudalism.
|
|
There are 11 cottars and 4 slaves, and 2 mills rendering 6s, meadow for 3 ploughs, pasture for the livestock of the vill and woodland for 200 pigs. From woodland pasture, 7s.
|
|
In Anglo-Saxon England, Tatsfield lay within Tandridge hundred. In 1086 it was held by Anschitill (Ansketel) de Ros from the Bishop of Bayeux. Its Domesday assets were: ½ hide. It had 2 ploughs.
|
|
A converted Methodist chapel at Carthew The Manor of Treverbyn was recorded in the Domesday Book (1086) when it was one of 28 manors held by Richard from Robert, Count of Mortain. There was one virgate of land and land for 3 ploughs. There were one and a half ploughs, 2 serfs, 2 villeins, 4 smallholders, 2 acres of woodland and 20 acres of pasture. The value of the manor was only 5 shillings though it had formerly been worth 10 shillings.
|
|
Brailsford was mentioned in the Domesday Book as being in the tenancy of Elfin (possibly an Anglo-Norman rendering of the Saxon Aelfwine) who also held the nearby manors of Bupton, Osmaston and Thurvaston from the tenant-in-chief, Henry de Ferrers. The Domesday survey of 1086 records the following for Brailsford:The Domesday Book, 1086 > Land of Henry de Ferrers M. In Brailsford Earl Waltheof had 2 carucates of > land taxable. Land for 2 ploughs. Now in lordship 2 ploughs.
|
|
Heavy land requires draining to reduce its water content to a level efficient for plant growth. Heavy soils usually have a system of permanent drains, using perforated plastic or clay pipes that discharge into a ditch. Mole ploughs The small tunnels (mole drains) that mole ploughs form lie at a depth of up to 950 mm (3 in) at an angle to the pipe drains. Water from the mole drains seeps into the pipes and runs along them into a ditch.
|
|
The Walle Plough The Walle Plough () is an ancient plough discovered in 1927 by peat cutters outside Walle, near Aurich, East Frisia (Germany). It is one of the oldest known ploughs found in Europe.
|
|
It was held by Archbishop Lanfranc of Canterbury. Its domesday assets were: 5 hides; 1 church, 1 mill worth 2s 6d, 10 ploughs, of meadow, woodland and herbage worth 41 hogs. It rendered £12.
|
|
It appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Codintone. Its domesday assets were: 5 hides; 1 mill worth 3 shillings; and 9 ploughs. It rendered £9 12s. Its total population was recorded as 28 households.
|
|
23 villagers with a priest and 22 smallholders who have 6 ploughs. 2 mills at 11s and 8 sticks of eels; woodland 2 leagues long and one league wide. Value £4. Waga held it freely.
|
|
Ramdhari slaps Lakhan. Data also forbid Meera to enter his room. While then Prithvi removes all his anger by cutting logs of wood. He also ploughs the field causing painful sun burns on his shoulders.
|
|
Jonathan Bell, "Wooden Ploughs From the Mountains of Mourne, Ireland", Tools & Tillage (1980) 4#1. pp. 46–56; Mervyn Watson, "Common Irish Plough Types and Tillage Techniques", Tools & Tillage (1985) 5#2. pp. 85–98.
|
|
Worsbrough dates back to the 7th century, and is listed within the wapentake of Staincross, West Riding of Yorkshire, in the Domesday Book of 1086:Open Domesday Online: Worsborough, accessed 20 November 2018. > In Wircesburg Gerneber and Haldene had five carucates of land and a half to > be taxed where there may be four ploughs. Gamel and Chetelber now have it of > Ilbert, themselves two ploughs, and four bordars, and one mill pays two > shillings. Wood pasture half a mile long and half a mile broad.
|
|
A British woman ploughing on a World War I recruitment poster for the Women's Land Army. Modern ploughs are usually multiply reversible, mounted on a tractor with a three-point linkage. These commonly have from two and to as many as seven mould boards – and semi-mounted ploughs (whose lifting is assisted by a wheel about halfway along their length) can have as many as 18. The tractor's hydraulics are used to lift and reverse the implement and to adjust furrow width and depth.
|
|
Using a bar with square shares mounted perpendicularly and a pivot point to change the bar's angle, the switch plough allows ploughing in either direction. It is best in previously- worked soils, as the ploughshares are designed more to turn the soil over than for deep tillage. At the headland, the operator pivots the bar (and so the ploughshares) to turn the soil to the opposite side of the direction of travel. Switch ploughs are usually lighter than roll-over ploughs, requiring less horsepower to operate.
|
|
Roofing was made of thatched straw or reeds. The inhabitants were involved with animal husbandry, agriculture, fishing and gathering. Wheat, rye and peas were grown. Tools included ploughs made of antler, stone, bone and sharpened sticks.
|
|
Tooting Bec appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as "Totinges". It was held partly by St Mary de Bec-Hellouin Abbey and partly by Westminster Abbey. Its domesday assets were: 5 hides. It had 5½ ploughs, .
|
|
Tillleshall has an entry in the Domesday Book of 1085 where its population, land ownership and productive resources were extensively detailed.The Domesday Book, England's Heritage, Then and Now, (Editor: Thomas Hinde), Norfolk, page 195, Tittleshall, In the survey Tittleshall is recorded by the name of Titeshala. The main tenants were Wymer from William de Warenne, and Ralph Sturmy from Ralph Baynard. The survey also lists that for the Wymer tenancy, there had always been 7 smallholders on this land. Meadow , always 3½ ploughs, woodland, 40 pigs and 1 fishery. Value then 20s, now 30. For Ralph Sturmy’s tenancy there were 12 villagers, now 8. Then and later 4 smallholders, now 14. Then and later 6 slaves, now 2. Meadow , always 2 ploughs in lordship. Then and later 4 men’s ploughs, now 2. Woodland, 100 pigs; always 1 mill.
|
|
24 villagers > and 3 smallholders have 5 ploughs. A priest and ½ church; 1 mill, 10s 8d; > meadow 11 acres; Woodland pasture 1 league long and 1 league wide. Value > before 1066, 60s; now 40s. Elfin holds it.
|
|
Land for 5 ploughs. In Lordship 1; 3 slaves; 3 villagers and 2 smallholders with 1 plough. A mill at 3s; meadow, 1 furlong long and 12 perches wide. The value was 40s; later 5s; now 20s.
|
|
When a plough hits a rock or other solid obstruction, serious damage may result unless the plough is equipped with some safety device. The damage may be bent or broken shares, bent standards, beams or braces. The three basic types of safety devices used on mould-board ploughs are a spring release device in the plough drawbar, a trip beam construction on each bottom, and an automatic reset design on each bottom. The spring release was used in the past almost universally on trailing-type ploughs with one to three or four bottoms.
|
|
Agricultural scenes of threshing, a grain store, harvesting with sickles, digging, tree- cutting and ploughing from ancient Egypt. Tomb of Nakht, 15th century BC In Eurasia, the Sumerians started to live in villages from about 8,000 BC, relying on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and a canal system for irrigation. Ploughs appear in pictographs around 3,000 BC; seed-ploughs around 2,300 BC. Farmers grew wheat, barley, vegetables such as lentils and onions, and fruits including dates, grapes, and figs. Ancient Egyptian agriculture relied on the Nile River and its seasonal flooding.
|
|
In 1086, the Domesday Book says:Open Domesday Online: Elvaston, accessed June 2017 > ”The land of Geoffrey Alselin > In Alvaston and Ambaston Thulston and Elvaston Toki had ten carucates of > land to the geld. There Geoffrey AlselinGeoffrey Alselin held a considerable > number of manors including several in Derbyshire given to him by the King. > These included obviously Ambaston, Elvaston, Alvaston and Thulston, but also > land in Etwall, Ednaston, Hulland, Egginton, Breaston and Ockbrook has now > two ploughs in demesne; and a certain knight of his one plough. There 32 > villans have 15 ploughs.
|
|
John Deere, an Illinois blacksmith, noted that ploughing many sticky, non-sandy soils might benefit from modifications in the design of the mould board and the metals used. A polished needle would enter leather and fabric with greater ease and a polished pitchfork also require less effort. Looking for a polished, slicker surface for a plough, he experimented with portions of saw blades, and by 1837 was making polished, cast steel ploughs. The energy required was lessened, which enabled the use of larger ploughs and more effective use of horse power.
|
|
There were 2 ploughs, 6 serfs, 2 villeins, 9 smallholders, 100 acres of pasture, 2 cattle and 37 sheep. The value of the manor was 15 shillings though it had formerly been worth £2 sterling.Thorn, C. et al.
|
|
Revised and edited by Devereux Butcher. Washington, District of Columbia: The American Forestry Association. pp. 168–169. and has been employed for implements and tools that require strength. These include axles, axe handles, ploughs, skis, and drum sticks.
|
|
By the end of the Han dynasty in the late 2nd century, heavy ploughs had been developed with iron ploughshares and mouldboards.Robert Greenberger, The Technology of Ancient China, Rosen Publishing Group, 2006, pp. 11–12.Wang Zhongshu, trans.
|
|
In lordship three hides, there one plough > and three slaves. Nine villagers (villeins) and six smallholders (bordars) > with two ploughs. Two acres of meadow, pasture half a league long and half a > furlong wide. Value £4, now £5.
|
|
177Gifford (1992, p. 9) even stated that "nearly all farm machinery manufacturers today can be trace their beginnings to a blacksmith." such as John Deere who started up with the production of ploughs in series in the 1840s.
|
|
As of 2011, the town had a population of 40,017. Melur is an agricultural land in Madurai and the climate around the area is tropical. Melur is a manufacturer and exporter of ploughs. It has many cast iron industrial.
|
|
1 St Dennis and St Michael Caerhays were daughter churches. From the 16th century the rectors resided at the latter so that it came to be regarded as the mother church.The Cornish Church Guide (1925) Truro: Blackford; p. 197 The manor of Brannel was recorded in the Domesday Book (1086) when it was held by Robert, Count of Mortain and there were one and a half hides of land. There was land for 20 ploughs; the lord had half a hide of land with 3 ploughs and 10 serfs; 12 villeins and 18 smallholders had the rest of the land with 6 ploughs. There were 40 acres of woodland and 8 square leagues of pasture. The livestock was 2 cattle, 20 unbroken mares and 150 sheep. The value of the manor was £12-18s–4d though it had formerly been worth 12 silver marks (i.e.
|
|
Located in Jan Kempdorp, the Vaalharts Museum houses a vintage car collection, as well as agricultural equipment tracing the history of farming in the area, from ancient ox-driven ploughs to Ford and John Deere tractors dating back half a century.
|
|
There were 2 ploughs, 1 serf, 1 villein, 3 smallholders, 10 acres of woodland, 40 acres of pasture, 10 cattle and 50 sheep. The value of the manor was £1; "this land is of St. Kew's".Thorn, C. et al., ed.
|
|
In lordship 2; 2 male and 2 female slaves. 50 villagers with a priest and 16 smallholders have 13 ploughs. A mill at 40d; meadow, 10 acres; woodland 3 leagues long and 3 wide. The value was and is 100s.
|
|
Elm was used for ploughs. Other trees like acacia, cypress, and Turkestan elm were used for decorative purposes. Flower wise, the plateau can grow lilac, jasmine, and roses. Hawthorn and Cercis siliquastrum are common, which are both used for basket weaving.
|
|
The Iranian plateau harvests trees for making doors, ploughs, and baskets. Fruit is grown also. Pears, apples, apricots, quince, plums, nectarines, cherries, mulberries, and peaches were commonly seen in the 20th century. Almonds and pistachios are common in warmer areas.
|
|
1 p.45 In 1614 the Dublin Castle administration suggested the fines should be used to pay for better ploughs, or replaced with corporal punishment. Nevertheless Udale's patent was renewed in 1623. Several petitioners from Ulster asked for the order's revocation.
|
|
Besides tractors, these include ploughs, harrows, drills, transplanters, cultivators, irrigation equipment, and harvesters. New techniques are changing the cultivation procedures involved in growing vegetables with computer monitoring systems, GPS locators, and self-steer programs for driverless machines giving economic benefits.
|
|
FV4203 Centurion Mk 12 AVRE. A modified Artillery Observation Post vehicle, it was armed with the conventional 105 mm Royal Ordnance L7 rifled gun and provided with track width mine clearance ploughs instead of the dozer blade on the Mk 5.
|
|
Groby parish church Everard family became a pub in 1921. According to Groby Heritage Group, the tall chimney belonged to a quarry. Groby was mentioned in Domesday Book of 1086, when it was described as having "land for 4 ploughs, 10 villagers with 1 Freeman and 5 smallholders have 3 ploughs...the value was 20s; now 60s." Ulf is shown as the lord of Markfield, Groby, Blaby and Ratby in the hundred of Guthlaxton in Leicestershire in 1066. By 1086, the lord was Hugh de Grandmesnil who was also associated with the hundreds of Goscote, Guthlaxton and Gartree in Leicestershire.
|
|
British improvements included Joseph Foljambe's cast iron plough (patented 1730), which combined an earlier Dutch design with a number of innovations. Its fittings and coulter were made of iron and the mouldboard and share were covered with an iron plate, making it easier to pull and more controllable than previous ploughs. By the 1760s Foljambe was making large numbers of these ploughs in a factory outside of Rotherham, England, using standard patterns with interchangeable parts. The plough was easy for a blacksmith to make, but by the end of the 18th century it was being made in rural foundries.
|
|
Diagram – modern plough Steel plough The diagram (right) shows the basic parts of the modern plough: #beam #hitch (Brit: hake) #vertical regulator #coulter (knife coulter pictured, but disk coulter common) #chisel (foreshare) #share (mainshare) #mouldboard Other parts not shown or labelled include the frog (or frame), runner, landside, shin, trashboard, and stilts (handles). On modern ploughs and some older ploughs, the mould board is separate from the share and runner, so these parts can be replaced without replacing the mould board. Abrasion eventually wears out all parts of a plough that come into contact with the soil.
|
|
Running north south and following approximately, the Magnesian Limestone belt, a line of - (Collingham "homestead of Cola's folk") and -ham (Bramham "homestead amongst the broom") names can be identified, which also coincide with the distribution of seventh-century burials. Bramham is recorded in the Domesday Book as the Manor of Bramham and the Holder in 1066 was Ligulfr. The amount of land to be taxed (geld) was 12 carucates and there were eight ploughs in the village. By 1086, Bramham was held by Nigel from Count Robert of Mortain and Demesne ploughs (for lord’s needs) were three.
|
|
Direction was now controlled mostly through the draught team, with levers allowing fine adjustments. This led quickly to riding ploughs with multiple mould boards, which dramatically increased ploughing performance. A single draught horse can normally pull a single-furrow plough in clean light soil, but in heavier soils two horses are needed, one walking on the land and one in the furrow. Ploughs with two or more furrows call for more than two horses, and usually one or more have to walk on the ploughed sod, which is hard going for them and means they tread newly ploughed land down.
|
|
Carey Hill and Hall's Court quarries were later filled in, but Clint Hill remains, a relic of the village's industrial heritage, now filled with water and a haven for wild-life. The village is of ancient origin, being mentioned in the Domesday Survey of Leicestershire (1086) In Guthlaxton Wapentake…. Robert the Bursar holds in STANTONE 6 caracutes of land. Land for […….ploughs] 7 villagers with 3 smallholders have 3 ploughs; 4 free men; meadow, 12 acres; woodland 3 furlongs long and 1 furlong wide. The value was and is 20s'' Prior to the growth of industry, the village was mainly dependent on farming.
|
|
Shalford appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Scaldefor. It was held by Robert de Wateville from Richard Fitz Gilbert. Its domesday assets were: 4 hides; 1 church, 3 mills worth 16s, 11½ ploughs, of meadow, wood worth 20 hogs. It rendered £20.
|
|
Karaiyippatti is a town and a municipality in the Madurai district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Karaiyippatti is called Thaikramam ('Mother of Villages'). It is the biggest taluk within the Madurai District. Karaiyippatti is a manufacturer and exporter of ploughs.
|
|
Pachesham within Leatherhead appears in Domesday Book as Pachesham. It was held by Hugo (Hugh) from the Bishop of Lisieux. Its domesday assets were: 3 virgates. It had part of 2 mills worth 12 shillings, 4 ploughs, of meadow, woodland worth 3 hogs.
|
|
The final series as broadcast in 2016. In March 2008, it was announced that Left Bank would be producing Strike Back, a six-part series for Sky1 based on Chris Ryan's novel.Holmwood, Leigh (19 March 2008). "Sky ploughs £10m into HD dramas". guardian.co.
|
|
'Grotto' (Church remains) Headley appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as the manor of Hallega. It was held by Radulfus (Ralph) de Felgeres. Its domesday assets were: 2 hides; 6 ploughs, woodland worth 15 hogs. It rendered £5 per year to its overlords.
|
|
The village lay within the Anglo-Saxon administrative division of Tandridge hundred. The settlement appears in the Domesday Book as Blachingelei. It was held by Richard de Tonebrige. Its Domesday Assets were: 3 hides; 14 ploughs, of meadow, woodland worth 58 hogs.
|
|
It was held by Chertsey Abbey. Its assets were then: 4 hides; 7 ploughs, woodland for 6 hogs. It rendered £6 per year to its overlords.Surrey Domesday Book In ancient documents the village is also often referred to as Clandon Abbatis (Abbot's Clandon).
|
|
Vilija () was a manufacturing company based in Vilnius. It was established in 1911 and produced agricultural iron tools such as ploughs and harrows. It was the first larger enterprise established in Vilnius by Lithuanians. The factory permanently ceased operations in July 1920.
|
|
Truro: Blackford; p. 80 In 1086 it contained 3 hides and there was land for 30 ploughs. There were 47 households, 40 acres of woodland, pasture 3 leagues long and one league wide, 14 cattle, 4 pigs and 160 sheep.Thorn, Caroline, et al.
|
|
318–9 who had been appointed to the see of Canterbury in 1070 after the Conquest. He held it by frankalmoin.VHCB p.257 Domesday Book records that the manor was assessed at 30 hides and that there was land there for 14 ploughs.
|
|
The manor of Lanherne was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086. It was held by Fulchard from the Bishop of Exeter.Thorn, C. et al., ed. (1979) Cornwall, Chichester: Phillimore; entry 2,7 It contained 3 hides of land and land for 10 ploughs.
|
|
The Quakers were involved in the aftermath of the treaty. Pickering appointed the Quakers to teach the Haudenosaunee Confederacy “European-style agriculture”. The Friends’ Review, a Quaker publication, recalls “ploughs, axes, and hoes” being “liberally” supplied to the Haudenosaunee Confederacy.“THE SIX NATIONS.
|
|
It was held by William the Conqueror. Its domesday assets were: 2 churches (both held by Ranulf Flambard) worth 12s, 3 mills worth £2 1s 8d, 25 ploughs, of meadow, woodland worth 103 hogs. It rendered £34. Its population was roughly 400 people.
|
|
Its Domesday Assets were: 1½ ploughs, of meadow. It rendered (in total): £2. The Balham area has been settled since Saxon times. Balham Hill and Balham High Road follow the line of the Roman road Stane Street to Chichester – (now the A24 road).
|
|
The town has an entry in the Domesday Book from 1086, at which time it was sufficiently large to need a priest and a church. The entry states: > Sanbec: Bigot de Loges. 1 hide and 1½ virgates pay tax. Land for 2 ploughs.
|
|
Seeing this inventiveness, Seaman offered him a partnership in his company. Seaman & Hornsby was started with business partner and blacksmith, Richard Seaman, a fellow methodist. The firm became Richard Hornsby & Sons in 1828, when Seaman retired. The company made ploughs and seed drills.
|
|
Notes ;Sources # Alba, C (1997). Lottery ploughs cash into farm plan [Wester Kittochside Farm, newscutting], The Scotsman, 21 February 1997, # Alexander and Miller, D and M (2003). 'Wester Kittochside Farm (East Kilbride parish), horse gin', Discovery Excav Scot, 4, 2003, P.125. # Blair, Anna (1976).
|
|
Sutton Manor, within which the Tudor mansion is situated, appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Sudtone. It was held by Robert Malet. Its Domesday assets were: 3 hides; 1 mill worth 5s, 3 ploughs, of meadow, woodland worth 25 hogs. It rendered £5.
|
|
For old equipment, there are ploughs, bullock carts, bakhar, hnasiya, and various types of knives and khurpi. In new methods or techniques, there are: thrashers, tractors, harvesters, electric pumps and sprinklers. Along with these better quality seeds and the best quality pesticides are used.
|
|
15 villeins and 25 smallholders held the rest of the land and had 8 ploughs. There was of woodland and of pasture. The livestock was 4 wild mares, 10 cattle and 180 sheep. The annual value was £20 but it had formerly paid £8.
|
|
In the same village were 28 freemen, 1c of land, always 4 ploughs and of meadow, the value of this being 20s. The whole has 10 furlongs and 12 perches in length and 6 furlongs in width, the tax for this being 1 penny.
|
|
194 This was also the year in which he finished working on a six-part cycle of poems about Rackwick, published in 1971 as 'Fishermen with Ploughs'.Maggie Fergusson p. 210 Meanwhile, An Orkney Tapestry was proving to be a commercial success.Maggie Fergusson p.
|
|
Grave of the explorer George Vancouver Petersham appears in Domesday Book (1086) as Patricesham. It was held by Chertsey Abbey. Its assets were: 4 hides; 1 church, 5 ploughs, 1 fishery worth 1000 eels and 1000 lampreys, of meadow. It rendered £6 10s 0d.
|
|
Tadworth appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Tadeorde and Tadorne. It was held partly by Halsart from William de Braiose and partly by Radulf (Ralph) from the Bishop of Bayeux. Its domesday assets were: 2 hides. It had 5 ploughs, woodland worth 4 hogs.
|
|
Richard Hornsby and Richard Seaman founded Seaman & Hornsby, Iron Founders and Millwrights, at Spittlegate in Grantham in 1810. The company was renamed Richard Hornsby & Sons when Seaman retired in 1828. Products included ploughs and seed drills. From 1840 until 1906 the company built steam engines.
|
|
Domesday Book (1086) records it in the possession of Henry the Earl Ferrers with six ploughs. This was one of the 35 lordships bestowed upon Henry de Ferrers by William the Conqueror who later ceded Orton (Overton) and Morebarne to the Cistercian abbey of Merevale.
|
|
Cultivators are often similar in form to chisel ploughs, but their goals are different. Cultivator teeth work near the surface, usually for weed control, whereas chisel plough shanks work deep under the surface. So cultivation takes much less power per shank than does chisel ploughing.
|
|
Burpham appears in Domesday Book as Borham. It was held partly by Turald (Thorold) from Roger de Montgomery and by Godfric from Thurold. Its domesday assets were: 3 hides; one mill worth 15s, 6½ ploughs, of meadow, woodland worth 83 hogs. It rendered £8.
|
|
JSC (Joint Stock Company) Transmash is a Russian rail industry company specialising in rolling stock, track laying equipment, and railway snow ploughs. Transmash is owned by Integrirovannaya Vagonostroitelnaya Kompaniya (part of the Transmashholding group); the Slovak Tatravagonka company owns a 50% stake in the plant.
|
|
Domesticated animals on a Sumerian cylinder seal, 2500 BC Sumerian farmers grew the cereals barley and wheat, starting to live in villages from about 8000 BC. Given the low rainfall of the region, agriculture relied on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Irrigation canals leading from the rivers permitted the growth of cereals in large enough quantities to support cities. The first ploughs appear in pictographs from Uruk around 3000 BC; seed-ploughs that funneled seed into the ploughed furrow appear on seals around 2300 BC. Vegetable crops included chickpeas, lentils, peas, beans, onions, garlic, lettuce, leeks and mustard. They grew fruits including dates, grapes, apples, melons, and figs.
|
|
The name Pelynt derives from the Cornish pluw (parish) and the name of Saint Non, the mother of St David. The manor of Pelynt is mentioned in the Domesday Book (1086) when it was valued much higher than Looe; it was held by Algar from Robert, Count of Mortain. There was half a hide of land and land for 8 ploughs. There were three and a half ploughs, 6 serfs, 4 villeins, 12 smallholders, 30 acres of woodland, 40 acres of pasture, 2 cattle, 14 pigs and 37 sheep. The value of the manor was £1 sterling though it had formerly been worth £2-10s.
|
|
James Bailey, The Parish Church of St Mary and St David at Kilpeck, 2000 In the Domesday Book of 1086, Kilpeck (entered as Chipeete) was given by William the Conqueror to William Fitz Norman de la Mare, son of Norman de la Mare. The clan de la Mare is one of the oldest in Normandy and is descended from Ragnvald Eysteinsson, earl of Møre and Romsdal. According to the Domesday survey, Kilpeck had "3 ploughs, 2 serfs and 4 oxmen and there are 57 men with 19 ploughs." There are mentions of a church on the site possibly from as early as the 7th century.
|
|
The legality of the sale was disputed by the Trustees and Tenants of the estate; then the sale was suspended and the Manor placed back into the hands of the Trustees. There were formerly a slate quarry and a silver lead mine in the parish. Trevalga was one of the manors held by King William at the time of the Domesday Book (1086); it had formerly been held by Queen Matilda and before her by Britric. There were 2 ploughs but land for 8 ploughs; 14 households (including serfs, villeins and smallholders), the livestock was mainly sheep and the pasture was 1 league long and half a league wide.
|
|
Michael Ventris and John Chadwick, Documents in Mycaenean Greek, Cambridge 1959 Hesiod says that ploughs in Ancient Greece were also made partly of elm.Hesiod, Works and Days, 435 The density of elm wood varies between species, but averages around 560 kg per cubic metre.Elm . Niche Timbers.
|
|
Lord Willoughby had indicated that his design could be copied freely, and Fowler had visited Grimsthorpe Castle, the estate where the ploughing engines were deployed. Chapter 2 Ploughing engines were rare in the US; ploughs were usually hauled directly by an agricultural engine or steam tractor.
|
|
In these lands were 10 ploughs and the value was 20 shillings (formerly 40 shillings).Thorn, C. et al. (eds.) (1979) Cornwall. Chichester: Phillimore; entry 1,7Pendrim records; National Archives The name is now spelled Pendrym and it is located close to the church of St Martin.
|
|
The second entry recorded that in Smallburgh there are 3 freemen and 1c of land. Always there are 12 smallholdings and 3 freemen. Then and later 3 ploughs, now 4. Two of these are in the valuation of Antingham; the value of the third is 10 shillings.
|
|
Bellerby's Value to the Lord in 1066 is noted as £1.6 and its Value to lord in 1086 remains the same. Bellerby had 6 ploughlands (ploughs possible), 1 lord's plough team, 4 men's plough teams and an 8-acre meadow. The Lord in 1066 was Thor.
|
|
Domesday also records Brewood as consisting of enough land for 20 ploughs. The bishop had twenty slaves cultivating his land in the village. The rest of the population consisted of 24 villagers, 18 smallholders and a priest. There were two mills, presumably on the River Penk.
|
|
There is land for two ploughs. > There are five villeins with one serf. It is worth twenty shillings by > weight and assay. To the same manor has been unjustly annexed Nymet,Nymet > was the ancient name of the River Mole, from which are named several manors, > e.g.
|
|
Agricultural equipment is hauled by a tractor mounted drawbar. Specialist agricultural tools such as ploughs are attached to specialist drawbars which have functions in addition to transmitting tractive force. This was partly made redundant with Ferguson’s development of the 3 point linkage in his famous TE20.
|
|
A broken mould in his foundry caused molten metal to come into contact with cold metal, making the metal surface extremely hard. This process, chilled casting, resulted in what Ransome advertised as "self- sharpening" ploughs. He received patents for his discovery. James Small further advanced the design.
|
|
Imposing tower of the main Woldingham Church The village lay within the Anglo-Saxon administrative division of Tandridge hundred. It appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Wallingeham and was held by John from Richard Fitz Gilbert. Its domesday assets were: 1 hide. It had 4½ ploughs.
|
|
Claygate appears in Domesday Book as a manor of Thames Ditton, Claigate. This main manor of the village was held by Westminster Abbey. Its domesday assets were: hide; 2 ploughs, of meadow, woodland worth 1 hog. It rendered £2 10s 0d per year to its overlords.
|
|
A Haliya () is an agricultural bonded laborer who works on another person's land. The literal meaning of Haliya is "one who ploughs". Haliyas can be found throughout Nepal. But the Haliya system in the far western hilly part of Nepal is considered a bonded labor system.
|
|
The next batch of permanent way vans were rated at 25 tons and fitted with ploughs to spread newly laid ballast (AA10). Diagram AA23 was the last GWR design of TOAD, and several vans from this lot of 326 never saw GWR service, having been completed under British Railways.
|
|
A Concise Dictionary of Cornish Place-Names. Westport, Co. Mayo: Evertype. ; p. 73 The manor of Trenance in St Keverne was recorded in the Domesday Book (1086) when it was held by Algar from Robert, Count of Mortain. There was one hide of land and land for 6 ploughs.
|
|
Ravan prepares to attack the devas. Episode 74: Ravan's son Meghanath defeats the devas. Laksmi is born as Sita and is found by Janak as he ploughs the field to stop the famine. Episode 75: Manthara, Kaikeyi's servant, makes a failed attempt to kill the child Shri Ram.
|
|
Oswulf held it before 1066. It paid tax for 1 hide and 1 virgate of land. Land for 4 ploughs, which are there; 2 slaves, 6 villagers, and 4 smallholders. Meadow 1 acre, Underwood 20 acres. 5 cattle, 2 pigs, 52 sheep. Value formerly and now 30 shillings.
|
|
Later in Anglo-Saxon England it was a unit used for assessing land tax. Peter Meers, in his book Ebbesbourne Wake through the Ages, translates Fifield's Domesday entry as: > Alvred [of Marleborough] holds Fifehide, Ralph from him. TRE it paid tax for > five hides. Land for four ploughs.
|
|
He opens a trap door to see the pagan ritual. Enraged upon seeing a shaman about to sacrifice the young woman, Grignr ploughs into the group of shamans with the axe and takes the Eye. The young woman, Carthena, turns out to be the tavern wench. They depart.
|
|
The Colepeper Cloth c.1650 Hollingbourne appears in the Domesday Book as Hoilingeborde. It was held partly by the Archbishop of Christ Church, Canterbury and partly by Bishop Odo of Bayeux. Its domesday assets were: 24 ploughs, of meadow, woodland/herbage worth 40 hogs, two mills and one church.
|
|
The manor of Bowithick was recorded in the Domesday Book (1086) when it was held by Osferth from Robert, Count of Mortain. He had also held it before 1066 and paid tax for one furlong. There was land for 2 ploughs. There were one villein and 2 smallholders.
|
|
Leofric, Earl of Mercia, gave the village of Burbage to Coventry Abbey in 1043. At that time it was valued at two shillings. By the time of the Domesday Book in 1086, its value had risen to £4. There were 1¼ hides of land (around ) with two ploughs.
|
|
One of the earliest mention of Edwalton village is in the Domesday book where it is listed amongst the lands given to Hugh de GrandmesnilDomesday Book: A Complete Transliteration. London: Penguin, 2003. p. 779 by the King. The land required more than three ploughs and consisted of of meadow.
|
|
The Peckforton Hills were quarried during the Roman era.Phillips ADM, Phillips CB. A New Historical Atlas of Cheshire, p. 19 (Cheshire County Council; 2002) () Peckforton appears in the Domesday survey of 1086, when it was held by Wulfric (possibly Wulfric Spot). The survey lists land for two ploughs.
|
|
Honing has an entry in the Domesday Book of 1085 where it, its population, land ownership and productive resources were extensively detailedThe Domesday Book, England's Heritage, Then and Now, (Editor: Thomas Hinde), Norfolk, page 190, Honing, In the survey Honing is recorded by the name of Haninga. The main tenants being the Robert Malet from the abbot of Holme who had held the land before and after 1066, Robert de Glanville from Robert Malet, and Ranulf brother of Ilger. The survey also list that there have always been 13 smallholders on this land. 2 ploughs in lordship; 3 men’s ploughs; meadow, ; woodland, 8 pigs; 1 mill: 2 cobs; 4 head of cattle; 12 pigs; 40 sheep; 30 goats.
|
|
Geoffrey de Wirce has there two ploughs, and eight sokemen, > with two carucates and five oxgangs of this land; and thirteen villanes and > nine bordars with six ploughs, and eleven fisheries of five shillings, and > sixteen acres of meadow. Wood pasture one mile long and one mile broad.. > Value in King Edword's time £8 now £5. Tallaged at twenty shillings. > Domesday Online - Epworth A grant of the common land to the freeholders and other tenants, made by deed in 1360 by John de Mowbray, Lord of the Manor, gave privileges and freedoms over the use of common land, reed gathering, rights over fish and fowl and such wildlife as could be taken by the commoners for food.
|
|
Chinese iron plough with curved mouldboard, 1637 In the basic mould-board plough, the depth of cut is adjusted by lifting against the runner in the furrow, which limited the weight of the plough to what a ploughman could easily lift. This limited the construction to a small amount of wood (although metal edges were possible). These ploughs were fairly fragile and unsuitable for the heavier soils of northern Europe. The introduction of wheels to replace the runner allowed the weight of the plough to increase, and in turn the use of a larger mould-board faced in metal. These heavy ploughs led to greater food production and eventually a marked population increase, beginning around AD 1000.
|
|
The Manor of Gumesele was a Saxon feudal landholding that originally included the present day Gomshall.Ewhurst History Society Gomshall appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Gomeselle. It was held by William the Conqueror. Its domesday assets were: 1 mill worth 3s 4d, 20 ploughs, of meadow, woodland worth 30 hogs.
|
|
It did not take long before Fella started acquiring other companies, however. In 1923, Fella acquired a loader wagon company and in 1924 they added the production of ploughs to their line. In 1931, Fella took over Epple & Buxmann in Augsburg. This was a crucial step in their harvesting technology.
|
|
Then > assessed at 7 hides now at five and a half hides. There is land for five > ploughs. In demesne is one plough and five villans and five cottars with one > plough and of meadow and there is a church. TRE it was worth 70 shillings > and afterwards 60 shillings.
|
|
The village lay within the Anglo- Saxon Tandridge hundred. Tandridge appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Tenrige. It was held by the wife of Salie from Richard Fitz Gilbert. Its domesday assets were: 2 hides; 1 mill worth 4s 2d, 14 ploughs, of meadow, woodland and herbage worth 51 hogs.
|
|
There was one hide of land and land for eight ploughs. There were 10 villeins and 20 smallholders with one plough, three serfs, half a league of pasture, woodland two leagues long and one furlong wide. The value of this part was £1 10s. though it had formerly been worth £2.
|
|
1 He designed and built agricultural machinery, including the first "stump jump" scarifier that was suitable for the northwest coast of Tasmania.Snare p.9 In 1939 Shaw was granted a patent for "An improved scraper for reversible disc ploughs". This plough was never commercialised though some prototypes were built and used.
|
|
Wootton Bassett is mentioned in the Domesday Book where it was noted that Miles Crispin held the rights and these included "land for 12 ploughs...a mill...and of meadow...33 acres of pasture and woodland which is two leagues by a league". It was said to be worth nine pounds.
|
|
Ploughing and cultivating soil evens the content of the upper layer of soil, where most plant-feeder roots grow. Ploughs were initially powered by humans, but the use of farm animals was considerably more efficient. The earliest animals worked were oxen. Later horses and mules were used in many areas.
|
|
Also listed on the manor were three Welshmen with as many ploughs and carucates, who continued their Welsh customs (leges Walensi viventes). Caerleon itself may have remained in Welsh hands, or may have changed hands frequently.Jermyn, Anthony. "4: Caerleon Through the Centuries to the Year 2000 ". 2010 Accessed 13 Feb 2013.
|
|
Withgar held it. There is one hide, no part in Demesne, 4 villagers and 11 smallholders with 7 ploughs. The value was 40 shillings; now 24 shillings. The manor of Cradley was bought and sold over the centuries, and also changed hands as a result of forfeiture and political favours.
|
|
There was land for 2 ploughs. There were 1 plough, 1 serf, 2 villeins, 6 smallholders, 100 acres of woodland, 40 acres of pasture, 4 unbroken mares, 2 cows, 24 sheep and 7 goats. The value of the manor was 10 shillings though it has formerly been worth £2 sterling.
|
|
The Franks who were thronging into the land came with kith and kin, with plough and seed. First, they settled the dales, where the best soil was. More of their kin came in fits and starts. They were driving westwards, first fighting, but then setting their ploughs to the new earth.
|
|
During the Lim era, Mari was divided into four provinces in addition to the capital, the provincial seats were located at Terqa, Saggaratum, Qattunan and Tuttul. Each province had its own bureaucracy, the government supplied the villagers with ploughs and agricultural equipments, in return for a share in the harvest.
|
|
Hixon is listed in the Domesday Book of 1086. In the survey the village has the name Hustedone.The Domesday Book, Englands Heritage, Then and Now, Editor: Thomas Hinde, Staffordshire Section: and was described as being very small with five households. The village assets included two ploughs, a meadow and 3 acres.
|
|
Weather alone cannot be blamed as there was enough grain in Russia to feed the starving areas. The peasants used medieval technology like wooden ploughs and sickles. They rarely had modern fertilizers or machinery (the Petrovsky academy in Moscow was Russia's only agricultural school). Russia's primitive railways were not up to redistributing grain.
|
|
The entry for Skelmanthorpe in the Domesday Book of 1086 states: Manors & Berewick. In Turulsetone and Berceworde and Scelmertorp, Alric and Aldene had nine carcucates of land to be taxed, and there may be five ploughs there. Ilbert now has it, and it is waste. Value in King Edwards time 4 pounds.
|
|
There are 2 slaves [and] meadow for 2½ ploughs. It is worth 60s; when received, 40s; TRE £4. Wulfmær, of Eaton Socon, a thegn of King Edward, held this land; and there were 5 soak men, men of the same Wulfmær, and they could give and sell [their land] to whom they wished.
|
|
The monks of Bodmin held Treknow themselves: there was land for eight ploughs and of pasture.Thorn, C. et al. (eds.) (1979) Cornwall. Chichester: Phillimore; entry 4,13 Tintagel was one of the 17 Antiqua maneria of the Duchy of Cornwall.Hatcher, John (1970) Rural Economy and Society in the Duchy of Cornwall 1300–1500.
|
|
The district's production of grains is more than the local requirement. For agriculture both old and new techniques are equally in practice. For old equipment, there are ploughs, bullock carts, bakhar, hansiya, and various types of knives and khurpi. In new methods or techniques, there are: thrashers, tractors, harvesters, electric pumps and sprinklers.
|
|
According to Richard D. Ryder, the first known animal protection legislation in Europe was passed in Ireland in 1635. It prohibited pulling wool off sheep, and the attaching of ploughs to horses' tails, referring to "the cruelty used to beasts."The Statutes at Large. Dublin, 1786, cited in Ryder (2000), p. 49.
|
|
See also Batoche (former electoral district) and Batoche (N.W.T. electoral district) Batoche is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan, Canada. It is located in north central Saskatchewan and has an economy based primarily on mixed agriculture and farm implement manufacturing. Bourgault Industries in St. Brieux manufactures harrows, cultivators, ploughs.
|
|
During the tercentenary, pictures were taken of him acting symbolic homages to the peasantry, tasting the rations of soldiers or inspecting new types of ploughs. All of this was to give the impression that the Tsar, no matter how trivial something was, came under his attention, and that his influence was omnipresent.
|
|
Bemni sits high on a wind-blown ridge beneath the pious peaks of Nanda Devi and Trishul. People here live tough life. The fields are covered out of the mountainside, prepared by cattle pulling wooden ploughs, and harvested with sickles and blistered hands. The major crops are pulses, barley, wheat and hay.
|
|
Ibi hb Walleff com aula... Translated it reads: :LANDS OF ROGER DE BUSLI The remains of Beauchief Abbey. :In Hallam, one manor with its sixteen hamlets, there are twenty-nine carucates [~14 km2] to be taxed. There Earl Waltheof had an "Aula" [hall or court]. There may have been about twenty ploughs.
|
|
The town lay within the Anglo-Saxon Tandridge hundred. Oxted appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Acstede, meaning 'Place where oaks grew'. It was held by Eustace II of Boulogne. Its Domesday assets were: 5 hides; 1 church, 2 mills worth 12s 6d, 20 ploughs, of meadow, pannage worth 100 hogs.
|
|
The offerings deposited in the principal (west) gate, also indicate the symbolic importance of a full panoply including sword and shield. The association of swords with ploughs may also indicate that such figures also controlled good agricultural lands. High status women may have been signalled through fine clothing and are associated with loom weights.
|
|
A map showing the wards of Wandsworth Metropolitan Borough as they appeared in 1916. At the time of the Domesday Book (1086), the manor of Wandsworth was held partly by William, son of Ansculfy, and partly by St Wandrille's Abbey. Its Domesday assets were 12 hides, with ploughs and of meadow. It rendered £9.
|
|
Dundee Corporation Tramways retained two of the tram locomotives, which were used as snow ploughs until 1934. Unusually, the tram lines were publicly built and owned, although initially leased by police commissioners to a private company. The depot of 1879 was located on South Road, and was designed by the Scottish architect, James Maclaren.
|
|
Farncombe is an ancient site of settlement; archaeological finds from the Bronze Age have been found in Northbourne Estate.Northbourne Estate In more modern history Farncombe appeared in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Fernecome. It was held by the Bishop of Bayeux. Its Domesday assets were: 2 ploughs, of meadow, woodland worth 3 hogs.
|
|
Roman coins and other ancient remains have been found in the area around Warren Road. Coombe appears in Domesday Book as Cumbe. It was held partly by Hunfrid (Humfrey) the Chamberlain and partly by Ansgot the Interpreter. Its domesday assets were: 1½ hides; 4 ploughs, of meadow, herbage worth 4 hogs. It rendered £8.
|
|
Gabba, Cambridge Ancient History, vol. 8, pp. 237–239. Though meat and hides were valuable by products of stock- raising, cattle were primarily reared to pull carts and ploughs, and sheep were bred for their wool, the mainstay of the Roman clothing industry. Horses, mules and donkeys were bred as civil and military transport.
|
|
The presence of a tumulus, and other locally significant geographical features, suggest that the area was regarded in ancient times as a sacred place of assembly. According to the Domesday Book it was held by Teodric (Theodoric) the Goldsmith. It contained: 1 hide and 3 virgates; 3 ploughs, of meadow. It rendered £3 annually.
|
|
The village lay within the Anglo-Saxon administrative division of Wallington hundred. Carshalton appears in Domesday Book as Aultone. It was held by Goisfrid (Geoffrey) de Mandeville. Its domesday assets were: 3½ hides; 1 church, 10 ploughs, 1 mill worth £1 15s 0d, of meadow, woodland worth 2 hogs. It rendered £15 10s 0d.
|
|
The fields were cleared with ploughs. They raised horses, cows and pigs, and also grew a little tobacco, hemp, flax and grapes (though most wine was still imported from France). Agriculture was seasonal and periodic flooding of the Mississippi took its toll on these communities. The trading posts in the Illinois Country concentrated mostly on the fur trade.
|
|
Its domesday assets were: 7 hides; 1 church, 7 ploughs, of meadow, woodland worth 4 hogs. It rendered £10 per year to its overlords.Surrey Domesday Book Nearby Mickleham Down was the venue for a single wicket cricket match in June 1730. The game was between two teams of three and played for a stake of £50.
|
|
In 1999, Minogue returned to theatre, starring in the production of Shakespeare's Macbeth at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival. The play received mixed reviews; critic Matt Grant wrote that Minogue "lacks true conviction as she ploughs through the lines without capturing their full force",Grant, Matt. "Is This a Dannii I See Before Me?". BBC. Retrieved 18 December 2006.
|
|
Stretta Music In French the idiomatic phrase Faire (or jouer) la mouche du coche continues to be applied to self-important do-nothings.France Pittoresque Similarly, in Russian, the phrase "Мы пахали!" ("we've been plowing!") is used to mock people exaggerating their contributions, after Ivan Dmitriev's variant featuring a fly that rides on a bull's horn as it ploughs.
|
|
It is described as 'Zero Kill' or 'Zero Till' on pages 264 and 268. Flannery confuses the method by including the use of ploughs and also of the term pastures rather than grasslands that the crop is sown into. He proposes that the system has possibilities to promote "coevolution's capacity to increase biological productivity and ecosystem stability".
|
|
Monophyletic characteristics were attained without any human intervention, implying that apparent domestication of the cereal rachis could have occurred quite naturally. An Indian farmer with a rock-weighted scratch plough pulled by two oxen. Similar ploughs were used throughout antiquity. Agriculture began independently in different parts of the globe, and included a diverse range of taxa.
|
|
The land at RAORDIN (North and South Radworthy) was sufficient for three ploughs. There was in addition 1 acre of meadow, 40 acres of pasture and woodland measuring 1 league long and 1 furlong wide. The livestock present in 1086 were 10 cattle, 4 pigs and 50 sheep.Thorn, Caroline & Frank, (eds.) Domesday Book, (Morris, John, gen.
|
|
Whether the khanate had its own flag is still unclear. Nevertheless, the Dutchman Carlus (Carel) Allard noted that Caesar of Tataria used two flags, and Zilant was pictured on the first. The Khanate's urban population produced clay ware, wood and metal handiworks, leather, armor, ploughs and jewels. The major cities included Qazan, Arça, Cükätaw, Qaşan, Çallı, Alat and Cöri.
|
|
Wadhams 2000, p. 72Weeks 2010, Ch. 13Other less frequently used synonyms include ploughs and scores This phenomenon is common in offshore environments where ice is known to exist. Although it also occurs in rivers and lakes,Noble and Comfort 1982Grass 1984 it appears to be better documented from oceans and sea expanses.Palmer & Been 2011Wadhams 2000, p.
|
|
672 The land consisted of work for 2 ploughs, 14 villeins, 2 bordars and a priest (who had his own plough). Woodland then was measured as being a league by a furlong. When tax had been paid (by Ælfgar before the conquest) then it was set at six pounds. Wolstanton Church, dedicated to St. Margaret, is of red freestone.
|
|
Trip-beam ploughs are constructed with a hinge point in the beam. This is usually located some distance above the top of the plough bottom. The bottom is held in normal ploughing position by a spring-operated latch. When an obstruction is encountered, the entire bottom is released and hinges back and up to pass over the obstruction.
|
|
They were constantly improved and formed an elaborate system of secondary forest uses (Lohrinde), firewood and farming. For this, the trees were first cleared by fire or felling. After the soil had been worked with mattocks or ploughs, it was sown with rye, buckwheat or wheat. Usually the soil yielded crops for no longer than a year.
|
|
The economy of the Catacomb culture is believed to have been based mostly on stockbreeding. Remains of cattle, sheep, goat, horse and some pigs have been found. Plant remains are exceedingly rare, but traces of wheat, such as einkorn and emmer, have been found. Wooden ploughs have been found at Catacomb burials, indicating that agriculture was practiced.
|
|
The study of the history of ancient ploughs of the Novgorod land by V. Ya. Konetsky. Preparation of pelmeni, with khokhloma handicraft seen on the background. ;Pelmeni : Pelmeni is a dish originating from Siberia, now considered part of Russian national cuisine. It is a type of dumpling consisting of a filling that is wrapped in thin unleavened dough.
|
|
It was held by Richard from Robert, Count of Mortain; there were 12 ploughs, 8 serfs, 14 villeins and 40 smallholders. There were 300 acres of pasture, 27 unbroken mares, 22 cattle, 17 pigs and 140 sheep. The value of the manor was £3 sterling though it had formerly been worth £5.Thorn, C. et al.
|
|
It was already a substantial settlement with a church when mentioned in the Domesday Book, and was the parish church for a large area including Dulwich and Peckham. It was held by Haimo the Sheriff (of Kent). Its Domesday assets were: 6 hides and 1 virgate (i.e. ); 1 church, 8 ploughs, of meadow, woodland worth 60 hogs.
|
|
Its name came from Anglo-Saxon Cissan dūn = "hill belonging to [a man named] Cissa". Chessington appears in the Domesday Book as Cisedune and Cisendone. It was held partly by Robert de Wateville and partly by Milo (Miles) Crispin. Its Domesday assets were: 1½ hides; part of a mill worth 2s, 4 ploughs, woodland worth 30 hogs.
|
|
The parish of 'Maker-with-Rame' is formed of the hamlets Maker, which also has a church and Rame. Rame was recorded in the Domesday Book (1086) when it was held by Ermenhald from Tavistock Abbey. There were 27 households, land for 6 ploughs, 10 acres of pasture and 30 acres of underwood.Thorn, C., et al.
|
|
Twenty villagers held two smallholdings, with two slaves and eight ploughs. Burbage also had a meadow, measuring a furlong in length and width (about 40,500 square metres). The village also owned woodland half a league by four furlongs (2.2 square kilometres). In 1564 the diocesan returns show a population of 57 families within Burbage and six at Sketchley.
|
|
They depict various monarchs, some with Latin inscriptions. There are also images of the Virgin Mary and of Christ. Of particular note are the frescos of Erik IV, also known as Erik Ploughpenny for the unpopular taxes he imposed on ploughs. They were painted around 1300 in an unsuccessful attempt to have the assassinated king canonized.
|
|
Launceston was the caput of the feudal barony of Launceston and of the Earldom of Cornwall until replaced by Lostwithiel in the 13th century. Launceston was later the county town of Cornwall until 1835 when Bodmin replaced it. The lands of Robert, Count of Mortain, became the core holdings of the feudal barony of Launceston, and the Fleming family continued to hold most of their manors from that barony, as can be seen from entries in the Book of Fees. In the Domesday Book (1086) it is recorded that Launceston was held by the Count of Mortain, and that he had his castle there. There was land for 10 ploughs, 1 villein and 13 smallholders with 4 ploughs, 2 mills which paid 40 shillings (£2 sterling) and 40 acres of pasture.
|
|
Connerton was held at the time of the Domesday Survey by King William and had been held by Brictric and then by Queen Matilda before him. In 1086 there was land for 40 ploughs and 30 villagers, 20 smallholders and 30 serfs are recorded. There was a mill, 300 sheep, 40 wild mares and 21 other animals.Thorn, Caroline & Frank, eds.
|
|
A cottage with attached post box near Tresparrett Tresparrett is a hamlet in north Cornwall, England, United Kingdom at Grid ref SX 14 19. Tresparrett was noted in the Domesday Book (1086), under the name Rosperuet held by Jovin from Robert, Count of Mortain; there was land for six ploughs, 300 acres of pasture and six households.Thorn, C. et al. (eds.) (1979) Cornwall.
|
|
Favourable soil conditions meant that US traction engines usually pulled their ploughs behind them, thereby eliminating the complexities of providing a cable drum and extra gearing, hence simplifying maintenance. American traction engines were manufactured in a variety of sizes, with the 6 nhp Russell being the smallest commercially made, and the large engines made by Russell, Case, and Reeves being the largest.
|
|
Osmund Stramun held it in the time of King Edward, and gelded for two hides. The arable is seven carucates. In demesne are two carucates, and three servants, and five villanes, and six cottagers, with three ploughs and a half. There is a mill of seven shillings rent, and three acres of meadow, and ten acres of pasture, and twelve acres of wood.
|
|
There were of meadow and land for 11 ploughs. It was valued at six pounds. The village had a railway station 1 mile/1.6 km north of the village, which opened in 1883 on a branch line from Scalford, but was used only occasionally by passenger trains for special occasions, such as events at Croxton Park. There was no regular passenger service.
|
|
Wisley appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Wiselei. It was held by Osuuold (Oswold) [of Wotton], whose main seat was Wotton. Its domesday assets were: 1 hides; one church, one mill worth 10 shillings, three ploughs, one fishery worth 5d, of meadow, woodland worth six hogs. It rendered £3 in the feudal system to its overlords per year.
|
|
C.H. Smith worked on improving the plough, and demonstrated the improved model at the Moonta Agricultural Show with much success. Both the single and triple plough model were awarded first prize. R.B. Smith took out a patent in 1877 for the design, he allowed it to lapse. C.H. Smith established a factory in Ardrossan, South Australia during 1880, and started producing ploughs.
|
|
Agriculture in Siberia started many millennia ago by peoples indigenous to the region. While these natives had little more than "digging sticks" called mattocks instead of ploughs at their disposal, Siberian agriculture would develop through the centuries until millions of Russian farmers were settled there, reaping significant bounties off this huge expanse of land stretching from the Ural Mountains to the Pacific Ocean.
|
|
Crudgington is mentioned in the Domesday Book, where it is called Crugetone. Its lord was Robert Butler, under Earl Roger, who had 1½ hides of land under cultivation, one plough and three serfs. Also living there were nine villagers, two smallholders and a freeman with three ploughs. There were four fisheries here and it provided a payment of £4 and 1000 eels.
|
|
He was a preacher of renown with a particularly friendly manner which had matured during the active part of his chaplaincy in France. In 1947 he was appointed Dean of Hereford, and tried to place the Cathedral in harmony with a developing post-War world. He had ploughs, tractors and other agricultural machinery inside the Cathedral for seasonal services.Church Times obituary,11.11.
|
|
The one that became known as Long Ditton was held by Robert Picot from (i.e. under) Richard Fitz Gilbert. The one that became known as Thames Ditton was held by Wadard under Bishop Odo. Long Ditton's Domesday assets were: 4 hides; 1 church, 1 mill worth 9s, 3½ ploughs, woodland for 15 hogs, 1 house in Southwark paying 500 herrings.
|
|
131 It was a four-cylinder engine with a 2⅜ × 3½ inch bore and stroke.Allis-Chalmers Model G at tractordata.com The Model G was designed for small farms and vegetable gardeners, and a line of implements specifically designed for it, including ploughs, planters, and cultivators. The design of the Model G allowed for a great view of the belly-mounted implements.
|
|
Adding together the figures given gives an area of , whilst the modern parish is only . This is because some of the original manor is now in Temple Grafton parish. Therefore, according to the Domesday Book, in 1086, Binton had a population of 29 families with 150 people working seven ploughs and three mills. Altogether, this is very impressive for an eleventh-century manor.
|
|
The Manor of Eglosrose is mentioned in the Domesday Book and the remainder of the parish was in the episcopal Manor of Tregear. The manor of Eglosrose was one of several held by Thurstan from Robert, Count of Mortain. There was one virgate of land and land for 2 ploughs. There were half a plough, 3 serfs, 3 smallholders, 20 acres of pasture.
|
|
Then the Xenobian government announces that "in view of their foreign currency position, all outstanding import licences are suspended". Dickinson returns and is able to find other foreign customers for the ploughs. Disaster averted, he goes to leave, only for Stevens to offer him his old position back. Dickinson accepts a lesser position, and indicates that Adam should be the managing director.
|
|
Celtic peoples first came to use wheeled ploughs in the Roman era. The prime purpose of ploughing is to turn over the uppermost soil, so bringing fresh nutrients to the surface, while burying weeds and crop remains to decay. Trenches cut by the plough are called furrows. In modern use, a ploughed field is normally left to dry and then harrowed before planting.
|
|
With the industrial revolution came the possibility of steam engines to pull ploughs. These in turn were superseded by internal-combustion-powered tractors in the early 20th century. Farmer plowing with two horses, 1890s Use of the traditional plough has decreased in some areas threatened by soil damage and erosion. Used instead is shallower ploughing or other less-invasive conservation tillage.
|
|
It is not practical on larger ploughs. When an obstruction is encountered, the spring release mechanism in the hitch permits the plough to uncouple from the tractor. When a hydraulic lift is used on the plough, the hydraulic hoses will also usually uncouple automatically when the plough uncouples. Most plough makers offer an automatic reset system for tough conditions or rocky soils.
|
|
The liver and gall bladder are a forest, the stomach is a granary, and the intestines caption reads "the iron ox ploughs the field where coins of gold are sown" (tr. Needham 1983:116) referring to the Elixir of life. At base of the spine are treadmill waterwheels (an early Chinese invention) being run by two children representing yin and yang.
|
|
On the extensive farm lands, they helped with gardening, milking and harvesting. The repair shop sharpened ploughs and repaired trucks. In addition there were particular enterprises to provide work for the students and an income for the College, such as the clothing factory in which some fourteen students worked. Payment for one completed buttonhole was one and a half pence.
|
|
King Aertes wants Jason killed but Medea convinces him to face the Bulls of Colchis (sometimes called the Menaian Bull). Medea gives Jason magic oil that protects Jason from the bull's fiery-breath. Jason yokes the bull and ploughs a field and sows it with dragon's teeth. Warriors sprout up from the earth, and Jason tricks them into attacking each other.
|
|
Typically, monorails carry fewer passengers than a LRT or MRT. Following research and development, Scomi announced a monorail with an eight-car configuration, versus the current four-car configuration for the monorail in Mumbai. This monorail can carry 1,000 passengers, the same as a six-car LRT. Scomi Engineering ploughs back some 20% of its revenue into research and development on trains.
|
|
The land was rented out to someone by Hugh de Grandmesnil, and had a total value of 60 shillings. There were 25 villagers, 1 being a man at arms and 4 smallholders. There were 8 ploughs, 1 mill, 4 acres of meadow, woodland 1 league long. The name is probably derived from ald, and the suffix tūn, meaning "old settlement".
|
|
There were 15 villeins or tenant farmers holding a total of 5.5 ploughs between them. An estimate of the total population of Bramham in 1086 was 68. Bramham's value in 1066 was 160 shillings but only 50 shillings in 1086 after the Harrying of the North, indicating quite a severe levels of destruction. Bramham was a mill site in 1086.
|
|
In the time of Edward the Confessor it was valued at eight marks of silver [£5.33]; now at forty shillings [£2.00]. :In Attercliffe and Sheffield, two manors, Sweyn had five carucates of land [~2.4 km2] to be taxed. There may have been about three ploughs. This land is said to have been inland, demesne [domain] land of the manor of Hallam.
|
|
Mother India was shot in Gevacolor, later converted to Technicolor. It was shot mostly using the sync sound technique, which was common at the time; some scenes were dubbed. For shooting the flood scene, a farmer agreed to flood of his land. In the exodus scene following the flood, 300 bullock carts, 200 farmers and many horses, tractors and ploughs were used.
|
|
The museum has two snow ploughs on display. The Canadian Pacific plow was manufactured in 1913, while the Canadian National plow was manufactured in 1927. The museum has speeders, wash cars and boarding cars used by work crews on display. Also on display is a diesel emergency generator car built by Canadian Car and Foundry in 1928 and owned by SaskPower.
|
|
Before the Conquest, it was held as an outlying estate of Earl Harold, and afterwards by William Malbank, Baron of Nantwich. The Domesday entry records 1½ hides at Marbury; jointly with Norbury and Wirswall, there was land for five ploughs and woodland measuring two leagues by a league and 40 perches. The total population of the joint demesne was recorded as seven.
|
|
Judging an entry in the Fairford, Faringdon, Filkins and Burford Ploughing Championships, United Kingdom, 2014. An advertisement for ploughing match in 1842 A ploughing match is a contest between people who each plough part of a field. Nowadays there are usually classes for horse-drawn ploughs and for tractor ploughing. Points are awarded for straightness and neatness of the resulting furrows.
|
|
These include tanks carrying large-calibre demolition guns, with flails or ploughs for mine-clearing, or flame tanks armed with flamethrowers. The tank occasionally may lose its weapons and the chassis alone may be used, as in bridge-laying tanks. Another important modification was the amphibious tank. These designs were modified with waterproofing and propulsion systems, to be able to traverse open water.
|
|
Kempton Park appears on the Middlesex Domesday Map as Chenetone a later variant of which was Chennestone, with a variation also seen of Kenyngton however many apparent references to Royal Jousts in the 14th and 15th centuries seem rather to relate to Kennington that was then in Surrey. Its overlord and tenant-in-chief was Robert, Count of Mortain, half-brother of William the Conqueror. In 1086 the Domesday assets of the manor were: 5 hides; 4 ploughs, meadow for 5 ploughs, cattle pasture, 8 arpents (approximately acres) of newly planted vineyard; its parish and church was at all times Sunbury.Surrey Domesday Book Domesday Map At this time the manor contained the eastern part of the parish of Sunbury, adjoining Sunbury manor at a line running approximately along the course of the 1920-formalised road the Avenue.
|
|
Abbey Farm House The village of Cerne Abbas grew up around the great Benedictine abbey, Cerne Abbey, which was founded there in AD 987Cerne Historical Society (Abbas is Medieval Latin for "abbot"). The Domesday survey of 1087 recorded cultivated land for twenty ploughs, with 26 villeins and thirty two bordars.Open Domesday Online: Cerne (Abbas), accessed December 2018. For more than 500 years, the abbey dominated the area.
|
|
679 656-7 by the King. The land consisted of four and a half square leagues of woodland and meadow; of pasture and work for more than seven ploughs. It was worth one hundred shillings. The lands remained in the ownership of the de Ferrers family as part of the earldom of Derby until the failure of the rebellion of Robert de Ferrers, 6th Earl.
|
|
The manor of St Juliot was recorded in the Domesday Book (1086) when it was held by Thurstan from Robert, Count of Mortain. There was 1 virgate of land and land for 3 ploughs. There were half a plough, 2 serfs, 2 villeins, 30 acres of pasture and 2 cows. The value of the manor was 5 shillings though it had formerly been worth 7 shillings.
|
|
St. Andrew's Church, Cobham Cobham is an ancient settlement whose origins can be traced back on the ground through Roman times to the Iron Age. It lay within the Elmbridge hundred. Cobham appears in Domesday Book as Covenham and was held by Chertsey Abbey. Its Domesday assets were: 12½ hides; 3 mills worth 13s 4d, 10 ploughs, 1 alike unit of meadow, woodland worth 40 hogs.
|
|
Its Domesday Assets were: 3 hides and 1 virgate; 16 ploughs, of meadow, woodland worth 7 hogs. Its people rendered £12 in total to its feudal system overlords per year.Surrey Domesday Book Its main source of water at the time seems to have been the Rye. St Giles' Church in Ashtead Park dates from the 12th century, and Ashtead is mentioned twice in Samuel Pepys' diaries.
|
|
Orange Marine lays new submarine cables and repairs broken links without any interruption of traffic. Orange Marine and Elettra fleets perform an average of 40 operations a year. Orange Marine has laid more than of submarine cable in all oceans, of which were buried with its ploughs. From 2001 through 2011, cable ships carried out nearly 300 repairs, some of which were at a depth of .
|
|
The main business in the Khurai region is agriculture. The main crops grown there are wheat (sharbati), soybean and gram. The city is a hub for the manufacturing of agricultural equipment such as threshers, cultivators, ploughs, seed drills and trollies. A hospital, round-the-clock mobile medical vehicle, a national level auditorium, badminton court and gym have been set up in the area by the state government.
|
|
Arabs introduced summer irrigation to Europe. Population continued to increase along with land use. By 900 AD in Europe, developments in iron smelting allowed for increased production, leading to developments in the production of farm tools such as ploughs, hand tools and horse shoes. The plough was significantly improved, developing into the mouldboard plough, capable of turning over the heavy, wet soils of northern Europe.
|
|
Weatherhill, Craig (2009). A Concise Dictionary of Cornish Place- Names. Westport, Co. Mayo: Evertype. The church and manor of St Enoder belonged in Anglo-Saxon times to the monks of Bodmin and were before 1066 held by Godric. In 1086 they were held by Robert, Count of Mortain, from the monks; there was one hide of land, land for 6 ploughs and 20 acres of pasture.
|
|
Kingsley is first listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Chingeslie in the Roelau Hundred. The village is listed as having been held from Earl Hugh d'Avranches by a Saxon named Dunning. It has land for two ploughs, and home to five serfs, one villein, and three bordars. It also mentioned one and a half fisheries, four hays for roe deer, and a hawk's eyrie.
|
|
Early improvement was carried out with the traditional tools, but new technology was increasingly important. Lighter ploughs were adopted, including from 1763 James Small's cast iron and curved mould board. It was first adopted in the south-east and spread to rest of the country in the 1770s. From 1788 Andrew Meikle's automated threshing mill speeded up a vital part of the harvesting process.
|
|
FWD also selected six woman demonstration drivers from their plant workforce to demonstrate the Model B's easy steering, the first of whom, Luella Bates, delivered a Model B from Clintonville to the 1919 New York Auto Show before barnstorming all around the U.S. on three transcontinental trips. Some Model B trucks were still being used as construction vehicles and snow ploughs as late as the 1940s.
|
|
The surviving ridges are parallel, ranging from apart and up to tall – they were much taller when in use. Older examples are often curved. Ridge and furrow topography was a result of ploughing with non-reversible ploughs on the same strip of land each year. It is visible on land that was ploughed in the Middle Ages, but which has not been ploughed since then.
|
|
Convicts worked from sunrise to sunset. Agricultural work was done with hoes and spades, and no ploughs or working cattle were used. Convict accommodation was cramped and unsanitary and this, combined with their poor diet of one meal every 48 hours, resulted in poor health and many deaths. The harshness and degradation of the treatment metered out to the convicts was intended to break them.
|
|
John Pym of The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote that the location and time change had "destroyed the crucial geographical and temporal context of Chandler's novel; almost every aspect of the narrative now seems ludicrously out of place". He added that Winner "ploughs step by step through the complicated plot with a curious lack of interest in, among other things, the nature of his hero's character".
|
|
Lê Hoàn tried to promote the development of agriculture in the country. In 987, he revived an ancient Chinese ploughing ceremony, in which the ruler of the country ploughs the first field. In later times, other Vietnamese dynasties followed his example in celebrating the ploughing ceremony. To lubricate the economy, Lê Hoàn ordered the casting of bronze coins, each bearing an inscription of four Chinese characters.
|
|
Harry Sutton Palmer of the end of Church Lane Much of the history is described by way of its historical sites below. Witley appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Witlei. Its domesday assets were held by Gislebert (Gilbert), son of Richere de L'Aigle. It rendered: 12 hides; 1 church, 15 ploughs, of meadow, woodland worth 30 hogs, in the Godalming Hundred and rendered £16.
|
|
From the foundation story of this village, we come to know that whenever anybody laid a foundation stone of any village then co-operation of other people of that area was also taken so that people can live there. Routine works of like is done together. Carpenters make ploughs, blacksmiths make different tools and weavers weave cloths for them. Sadhar helps the time of marriage ceremonies.
|
|
The chisel plough is a common tool for deep tillage (prepared land) with limited soil disruption. Its main function is to loosen and aerate the soils, while leaving crop residue on top. This plough can be used to reduce the effects of soil compaction and to help break up ploughpan and hardpan. Unlike many other ploughs, the chisel will not invert or turn the soil.
|
|
Plough bolt The plough bolt is a flush-fitting carriage bolt, whose head is countersunk beneath the surface of the wood. The plough bolt was devised to hold replaceable ploughshares to the mouldboards of iron ploughs. The share, the fastest-wearing part of the plough, would be replaced several times over the life of the plough. Such bolts continue to be used to hold shovels onto cultivators.
|
|
Following Jordan's death in 1910, Walter Riley took over management of the company and directed it for the next 50 years. Over the years that followed, the Jordan spreader was developed into a multi-purpose MoW vehicle with adjustable blades and ploughs added to the wings.Harry Protzeller, Railroad Spreader, , granted August 4, 1931. New uses included trackside ditch maintenance and spreading fill dumped beside the track.
|
|
Reigate appears in Domesday Book in 1086 as Cherchefelle, which appears to mean "the open space by the hill". It was held by William the Conqueror as successor to King Harold's widow Editha. Its Domesday assets were: 34 hides, 2 mills worth 11s 10d, 29 ploughs, of meadow, pannage and herbage worth 183 hogs. It rendered £40 per year to its feudal system overlords.
|
|
Two socmen abiding in Braunstone had five oxgangs of land in > Lubbesthorpe; and jointly with ten villains and six borders in that lordship > had two ploughs and five ploughing oxen. The above lands were held by Robert Burdet under Hugh de Grandmesnil, one of William I’s most powerful barons. Notes: A ploughland or carvcate = about 80 to of land. Socmen = Scandinavian Villan = Peasant or serf.
|
|
A smithy stood at the crossroads on the Borestone farm side of the hamlet. John Marshall and Francis Douglas at this site made ploughs that sold all over the country, known as the Douglas Grubber. A joiner's shop stood next to the smithy, its machinery being driven by steam. The wheel wright's factory site was later used for the school and more recently a private dwelling.
|
|
The skate ploughs through the ice in particular due to the sharp edges. Thus another component has to be added to the friction: the “ploughing friction”. The calculated frictions are of the same order as the measured frictions in real skating in a rink. The ploughing friction decreases with the velocity V , since the pressure in the water layer increases with V and lifts the skate (aquaplaning).
|
|
The village of Fiskars developed around the ironworks founded by German-born Petter Thorwöste in 1649. The ironworks also produced copper. In 1822, John Jacob von Julin bought the ironworks and founded a fine production facility in 1830 and Finland's first workshop in 1836. The development of the industrial community was fast, and the factories and workshops produced utility items from scissors and puukko knives to ploughs and power transmission devices.
|
|
William Waller, of Sutton, one of the greatest farmers in the neighbourhood, has 2700 acres, ploughs 1000, and has above 1000 sheep. Other statistics taken from the 1831 Census were Social status. These statistics state that over three-quarters of the people living in Sutton were labourers and servants. Meanwhile, only a very small fraction of the population made up the middling sorts, that is owners of small farms.
|
|
Dorking began to become more than an agricultural village as a small staging post on Stane Street, the Roman road between London and Chichester on the English Channel. Dorking appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as the Manor of Dorchinges. It was held by William the Conqueror. Its Domesday assets were: one church, three mills worth 15s 4d, 16 ploughs, of meadow, woodland and herbage for 88 hogs.
|
|
After 1000 BCE, the use of iron axes and ploughs became widespread and the jungles could be cleared with ease. This enabled the Vedic Aryans to extend their settlements into the western area of the Ganga-Yamuna Doab. Many of the old tribes coalesced to form larger political units. The Vedic religion was further developed with the emergence of the Kuru kingdom, systematising its religious literature and developing the Śrauta ritual.
|
|
An electoral ward bearing the same name also exists with a population at the same census of 3,846. The manor of Poundstock was recorded in the Domesday Book (1086) when it was held by Jovin from Robert, Count of Mortain. Before 1066 it had been held by Gytha who paid tax for one virgate of land but there was one hide of land and land for 6 ploughs.
|
|
A parish population of about 50 is suggested by the existence of 12 ploughs. The present St Peter's Church, built in the mid-13th century, stands on the site of two earlier churches. Although the manor belonged to the Bishopric of Chichester, it would have been administered on their behalf by a steward or bailiff. By 1510 the bishops had given up on farming and began renting out their lands.
|
|
The Cornish Church Guide (1925) Truro: Blackford; p. 87 The manor of Burniere was mentioned in Domesday Book (1086) when it was held from the Bishop of Exeter by Richard son of Thorold. There were 26 households, land for 12 ploughs, 60 acres of pasture and 10 of woodland; its value was unchanged from the reign of King Edward at 40 shillings (£2 sterling).Thorn, Caroline et al.
|
|
Minimum tillage, also called conservation tillage, is a soil conservation system like Strip-till with the goal of minimum soil manipulation necessary for a successful crop production. It is a tillage method that does not turn the soil over. It is contrary to intensive tillage, which changes the soil structure using ploughs. In it primary tillage is completely avoided and only secondary tillage is practiced to a small extend.
|
|
For Kaisôn the path to socialism lay in emulating first the Vietnamese and then the Soviet models. "Socialist relations of production" must be introduced, and this, in an agricultural country, meant primarily the collectivisation of agriculture. All land was declared to be state property, and individual farms were merged into large-scale "co-operatives." The means of production - which in Laos meant buffalo and wooden ploughs - were to be owned collectively.
|
|
He was born in 1782, the elder son of Robert Ransome, founder of the manufacturer of agricultural implements (later known as Ransomes, Sims & Jefferies) in Ipswich, Suffolk. He entered his father's business in 1795. James, with his brother Robert (1795–1864), who became a partner in the business in 1819, took out several patents for improvements in ploughs. Threshing machines, scarifiers, and other agricultural implements were also improved by the firm.
|
|
Land is needed to grow crops. Livestock is needed to operate the ploughs, and women are needed to harvest the crops. Utilizing these three resources can help a man produce more grain than needed for subsistence, and that excess grain is used to purchase cattle at the market. While small animals usually belong to the members of the family, cattle are sometimes borrowed from the rich neighborhoods for milk and manure.
|
|
St Peter's Church at the north end of the High Street The village lay within the Anglo-Saxon Tandridge hundred. Limpsfield appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Limenesfeld. It was held by the Abbot of Battle Abbey, Sussex. Its Domesday assets were: 1 church, 1 mill worth 2s, 19 ploughs, 1 fishery, of meadow, woodland worth 150 hogs, 2 stone quarries, and 3 nests of hawks.
|
|
The nail smithies manufactured ploughs and scythes; their products were taken by pack horse to be sold in Manchester, Denbigh, Clitheroe and Kendal. The nail industry developed into the manufacture of nuts and bolts. Thomas Blakemore was the first in 1843 and by 1853 there were eight manufacturers of nuts and bolts including James Prestwich and Robert Parker. Some nut and bolt manufacturers also made spindles and flyers for spinning machinery.
|
|
On 18 July 1947 it became the first course in Britain to stage an evening fixture while on 8 May 1971 the racecourse became the first to hold a morning meeting. These innovations would become commonplace for racecourses around the country. The present racecourse opened in 1926 and since 1973 it has been owned by the Hamilton Park Trust which ploughs back all profits into developing the course.
|
|
From around 1905 the company gradually expanded in size, and in the 1920s it was the largest manufacturer of ploughs in Norway. The Kverneland Group eventually developed to be among the world leading manufacturing companies of agriculture equipment to the farming community. Kverneland participated in local politics and development. He was elected to the municipal council of Time, and was a co-founder of the local savings bank, Time sparebank.
|
|
Disc ploughs in Australia, c. 1900 The stump-jump plough, an Australian invention of the 1870s, is designed to break up new farming land that contains tree stumps and rocks expensive to remove. It uses a moveable weight to hold the ploughshare in position. When a tree stump or rock is encountered, the ploughshare is thrown up clear of the obstacle, to avoid breaking its harness or linkage.
|
|
Reference marks also made it possible to replace (or reset) a station mark that had been disturbed or destroyed. Some old station marks were buried several feet down (to protect them from being struck by ploughs). Occasionally, these buried marks had surface marks set directly above them.Here is an account of recovering (re-finding) a buried station mark from 1890 for which the surface mark had been destroyed.
|
|
Wanborough appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Weneberge held by Goisfrid (Geoffrey) de Mandville. Its assets were: 3 hides; 1 church, 9 ploughs, of meadow, woodland worth 30 hogs (per year). Its people rendered £7 per year to their overlords.Surrey Domesday Book It also states that it had been held before the Norman conquest by two thegns, Sweign and Leofwin, who may have been brothers of King Harold.
|
|
His farm grew to and he acquired a flour and grist mill. Eventually he acquired a second mill and enlarged his holdings of land so that all his sons could be located on their own farms within the township. Beare was an enterprising and progressive farmer. His prosperity allowed him to be the leader in the use of farm machinery such as reapers, rakes, seed-drills, threshing machine, and gang-ploughs.
|
|
Many specialist tank roles have been assigned to other vehicle types, though many tank chassis are still used for a wide variety of vehicles, ranging from anti-aircraft roles to bridge layers. Unmodified tanks can be fitted with equipment, such as mine-clearing ploughs, to give them ancillary roles. Hobart's Funnies were a group of various specialist tanks used in World War II, named after Major General Percy Hobart.
|
|
Farleigh lay within the Anglo-Saxon feudal division of Tandridge hundred.Farleigh shown in map, tabular and described as part of the Hundred by H.E. Malden Farleigh appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as the manor of Ferlega. It was held by Robert de Wateville from Richard Fitz Gilbert (de Clare and de Tonbridge). Its domesday assets were: hide; 2 ploughs, 1 ox, to its overlords per year rendering £3.
|
|
Padstow war memorial Padstow was originally named Petroc- stow, Petroc-stowe, or 'Petrock's Place', after the Welsh missionary Saint Petroc, who landed at Trebetherick around AD 500. After his death a monastery (Lanwethinoc, the church of Wethinoc, an earlier holy man) was established here which was of great importance until "Petroces stow" (probably Padstow) was raided by the Vikings in 981, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.Orme, Nicholas (2007) Cornwall and the Cross. Chichester: Phillimore; p. 10 "[either Padstow or Bodmin] ... presumably by a Viking attack" Whether as a result of this attack or later, the monks moved inland to Bodmin, taking with them the relics of St Petroc.Orme (2007); p. 10 The cult of St Petroc was important both in Padstow and Bodmin. Padstow is recorded in the Domesday Book (1086) when it was held by Bodmin Monastery. There was land for 4 ploughs, 5 villeins who had 2 ploughs, 6 smallholders and 24 acres of pasture.
|
|
Ransomes, Sims and Jefferies Limited was a major British agricultural machinery maker also producing a wide range of general engineering products in Ipswich, Suffolk including traction engines, trolleybuses, ploughs, lawn mowers, combine harvesters and other tilling equipment. Ransomes also manufactured Direct Current electric motors in a wide range of sizes, and electric forklift trucks and tractors. They manufactured aeroplanes during the First World War. Their base, specially set up in 1845, was named Orwell Works.
|
|
The manor of Delabole (Deliou) was recorded in the Domesday Book (1086) when it was held by Roger from Robert, Count of Mortain. There was one hide of land and land for 4 ploughs. There were 1 plough, 1 serf, 1 villein, 3 smallholders, 1 acre of meadow, 40 acres of pasture, 5 cattle and 25 sheep. The value of the manor was 10 shillings though it had formerly been worth 30 shillings.
|
|
For offshore construction projects, Nordica is equipped with a Hydralift active heave compensated crane capable of lifting 30 tons at a radius of or 160 tons at . She also has a smaller MacGregor crane capable of lifting 5 tons at . The vessel can also be equipped with a 120-ton A-frame for trenching machines and ploughs. Nordica has a helipad and can accommodate 48 workers in addition to the ship's crew.
|
|
They ensured that they could detect their own mines by covering them with radioactive sand, but the Allies did not find this out until after the war. Several mechanical methods for clearing mines were tried. Heavy rollers attached to tanks or cargo trucks, but they did not last long and their weight made the tanks considerably slower. Tanks and bulldozers pushed ploughs that in turn pushed aside any mines to a depth of 30 cm.
|
|
Widespread use of iron tools that had begun under the Warring States period allowed Chinese agriculture to increase its efficiency. These include the "two-teeth" plough and an early sickle. The use of cattle- pulled ploughs improved with the introduction of three-cattle plough which required two operators and the two-cattle plough requiring one. Another important invention was the invention of the horse collar harness, in contrast with the earlier throat harness.
|
|
Walton lay within the Anglo- Saxon quasi-administrative district, Elmbridge hundred, in the shire (later county) of Surrey. Walton appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as "Waletona". The settlement was held jointly as overlords in the feudal system by Edward de Sarisber (Salisbury) and Richard de Tonbrige. Its Domesday assets were: 6 hides; 1 church (St. Mary's), 2 mills worth £1 5s 0d, 1 fishery worth 5s, 14 ploughs, of meadow, supporting 50 hogs.
|
|
As all German armies on the Eastern Front, Panzer Group 2 implemented the criminal Commissar Order during Operation Barbarossa. In September 1942, the 2nd Panzer Army took part in war crimes while conducting anti-guerrilla operations in the Soviet Union. These operations killed at least a thousand people, razed entire villages, and deported over 18,500. During these operations, Jews and suspected partisans were murdered by being forced to drag ploughs through minefields.www.verbrechen-der-wehrmacht.
|
|
The sheep and goats were probably kept primarily for meat rather than milk and wool. Cattle were at least as important as sheep and goats, providing more meat and milk, as well as having other uses, such as pulling ploughs. Only small quantities of seeds survive, sufficient to indicate a broad agricultural base, with fruits, such as grapes, olives and figs, nuts and legumes, and with wheat and barley as staple cereals.
|
|
There were also nineteen acres of meadow and a mill valued at 16s. There were eight ploughs in use, and the records included mention of 11 villagers, three smallholders, and four slaves. The 1100s Little is known of Heyford in the 1100s. The people of Heyford must have been aware of the development of Northampton and some may have visited Northampton to take part in trade or to witness some of the historical events there.
|
|
On September 15, 1863, Mead patented a plough featuring a curved moldboard, which according to the patent turned soil more thoroughly with less effort. Termed a "conical plough" or "cylinder plough," it received positive reviews from various agricultural publications. As of 1876, Mead owned a four-story shop and iron foundry in New Haven, which he used to manufacture and distribute his patented ploughs. He also studied agriculture at the Sheffield Scientific School.
|
|
Wulfwin, King Edward's thane, held this manor. Norman holds ½ hide of this land from Aubrey. Land for 1 plough; it is there. The value is and always was 40s. The Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis, however, stated that there was land for 12 ploughs; 20 head of cattle, 134 sheep, 43 pigs, 50 goats, 2 horses; and that Norman holds ½ hide from Aubrey separate from the 2½ hides, making up part of a five-hide assessment.
|
|
Ploughs are generally good in all types of seafloor, though not exceptional in any. Contrary to popular belief, the CQR's hinged shank is not to allow the anchor to turn with direction changes rather than breaking out, but actually to prevent the shank's weight from disrupting the fluke's orientation while setting. The hinge can wear out and may trap a sailor's fingers. Some later plough anchors have a rigid shank, such as the Lewmar's "Delta".
|
|
Bakewell was also the first to breed cattle to be used primarily for beef. Previously, cattle were first and foremost kept for pulling ploughs as oxen, but he crossed long-horned heifers and a Westmoreland bull to eventually create the Dishley Longhorn. As more and more farmers followed his lead, farm animals increased dramatically in size and quality. In 1700, the average weight of a bull sold for slaughter was 370 pounds (168 kg).
|
|
Robert Doyley, son of Walter, held Achelei (as Oakley was called). The exact area is not known, since borders with other local villages were not specified. The village was valued at £6, and its land consisted of 5¾ hides; with Oakley's clay soil the total cultivated land would have been around . Seven ploughs, three by the Lord of the Manor and four by nine villagers (consisting of seven smallholdings) tilled the land.
|
|
Ethelstan the Etheling, son of Ethelred the Unready, left "land at Mordune" to the abbey of Christ and St. Peter in his will of 1015, which became the site of the first Saxon parish church of St Lawrence. In 1086, the Domesday Book recorded the manor as Mordone, part of Wallington Hundred. It was held by Westminster Abbey and its assets were: 3 hides; 1 mill worth £2 and 7 ploughs. It rendered £15.
|
|
The civil parish name is Mogerhanger. The parish includes the hamlet of Chalton which is mentioned in the Domesday Book where it is listed amongst the lands held by Adeliza, wife of Hugh de Grandmesnil, on behalf of the King. The land consisted of a mill, meadow for 10 ploughs and woodland for 16 pigs. This was said to be an outlying area of Potton which was held by the King's niece, Countess Judith.
|
|
Bigham Brother Tomato Tiller Chisel ploughs are becoming more popular as a primary tillage tool in row-crop farming areas. Basically the chisel plough is a heavy-duty field cultivator intended to operate at depths from 15 cm [6 in] to as much as 46 cm [18 in]. However some models may run much deeper. Each individual plough or shank is typically set from nine inches (229 mm) to twelve inches (305 mm) apart.
|
|
Peko is praised as a warrior who frees the country, as a hunter who gives bear skins to villagers and as a host of wedding feasts. He ploughs the field with a wooden plough and protects the people against evil spirits who make people to drink too much. Pekos' spirit can also fly around as a butterfly. The supposed grave of Peko is under an old oak tree near the Pskovo-Pechersky Monastery.
|
|
The blue ice runway is groomed by the camp staff using commercial lightweight snow ploughs and blowers which could be shipped in by Dash 7 aircraft. When the wind is favourable, and the conditions good, a runway in length and wide is possible. However, operations are often hampered by much lighter winds causing knee high snow drifts which reduce contrast. The runway is marked by flags to improve contrast for approaching planes.
|
|
Sugar Creek Iron Foundry was established at the settlement by 1836. Owned by William G. Coffin, the foundry used pig iron imported from Cincinnati to manufacture ploughs, stoves and various milling and gearing items. Finished product was transported to markets in Indianapolis, Richmond, and Cincinnati by way of the nearby Sugar Creek, which joined the Wabash River west. By 1837, a coal mine was noted at the settlement, used for the production of coke.
|
|
Winds pick up loess particles, contributing to the Asian Dust pollution problem. The largest deposit of loess in the United States, the Loess Hills along the border of Iowa and Nebraska, has survived intensive farming and poor farming practices. For almost 150 years, this loess deposit was farmed with mouldboard ploughs and fall tilled, both intensely erosive. At times it suffered erosion rates of over 10 kilograms per square meter per year.
|
|
For offshore construction projects Fennica is equipped with a Hydralift crane capable of lifting 30 tons at a radius of or 15 tons at . She also has a smaller MacGregor crane capable of lifting 5 tons at or 1.5 tons at . The vessel can also be equipped with a 120-ton A-frame for trenching machines and ploughs. Fennica has a helipad and can accommodate 48 workers in addition to the ship's crew.
|
|
These were "in bottles of a peculiar construction and were protected by glass covers which were secured by metal rings." They were particularly applauded for their ability to preserve fruit for substantial lengths of time. Towards the end of the century, the Show brought the first rotary disc ploughs, irrigation pumps, bath heaters, milk separators and shearing equipment seen in the area. The expanding program of the Show also indicates the popularisation of new technologies in the district.
|
|
There are records showing that "even as late as the time of Popery", Catholics would do penance by crawling on their knees around this stone, crying "O thou grit stane". Apparently they held a belief that the Deity was present in the Thurgartstone. Farmers from Brandleside Farm did not move or break up the stone as has happened so often elsewhere. They also kept their ploughs a set distance away from the Thurgartstone as stipulated in the farm lease.
|
|
The Vieilles Charrues Festival (Literally: Old Ploughs Festival) is held every year in mid- July. This festival is one of the largest music events in Europe, attracting more than 200,000 people every year. It is held in the fields once held by the famille de Saisy de Kerampuil and the festival venue is next to the Chateau Kerampuil. In continental histories Carhaix is thought to be Carohaise of King Leodegrance and the Roman city of Vorgium.
|
|
Many modern land drains are created utilising rigid or flexible plastic pipes pierced with holes, laid in pea gravel. (The pea gravel is pea-sized pebbles without sharp points to damage the pipe.) Geotextile material can surround the gravel to keep out silt. This can be installed in an excavated trench. Specialised mole ploughs are available that can form the hole, insert the perforated pipe (and gravel if required), all in one simultaneous and continuous process.
|
|
Kingston was occupied by the Romans, and later it was either a royal residence or a royal demesne. There is a record of a council held there in 838, at which Egbert of Wessex, King of Wessex, and his son Ethelwulf of Wessex were present. In the Domesday Book it was held by William the Conqueror. Its domesday assets were: a church, five mills, four fisheries worth 10s, 27 ploughs, of meadow, woodland worth six hogs.
|
|
Originally located in the county of Stirlingshire the name Torrance may come from the Gaelic for the place of the "little hillocks". There are Roman sites close to Torrance with a fort at Cadder and a fortlet at Glasgow Bridge. The village of Torrance is located in 'The Eleven Ploughs of Balgrochan'. The 'Eleven Ploughlands' are part of the estate of the Grahams of Mugdock, which had been feued in 1630 to local occupiers by the Marquess of Montrose.
|
|
The village lay within the Anglo- Saxon feudal division of Tandridge hundred when Chelsham appeared in Domesday Book as Celesham held by Robert de Wateville from Richard de Clare, just one of his many local pseudonyms. Its domesday assets were: 1 church, 11 ploughs, from customary dues 1 hog. It rendered £15.Surrey Domesday Book Three manors existed at times: Chelsham Watevile; Chelsham, also known as Chelsham Court; and Chelsham Le Holt, also known as Rowholt.
|
|
They also gave, near the castle of Monemuda (Monmouth) the land of three ploughs and the mill of Milebroc (?), and a meadow at Blakenalre (?), and land at St. Cadoc (Llangattock-Vibon- Avel), and a meadow beneath their castle, and a virgate of land, namely, Godric's, and at Siddington a hide of land, and in all their woods pannage for swine of the monks' demesne. They also gave all wood required by the monks or their men for building.
|
|
The Domesday Book gives information on 'Norman-tune' as: > In Normantune there are 10 carucates for geld, which 5 plows can plough. 2 > thegns had 2 manors there T.R.E. Now, in the King's hand there are 6 > villeins there, and 3 bordars, a priest and a church, with 3 ploughs, of > meadow. Pasturable wood (land) 6 furlongs in length and 1 in breadth. The > whole of this land lies in the soc of Wachefelt, except the Church.
|
|
Rotary snow plough and steam locomotive on their way from Gletsch to Realp, crossing the Steffenbach bridge.At the start of June each year, the line could be reopened. Snow ploughs and blowers needed to be used for that purpose. On many occasions, the snow depths in the narrow alpine valleys were so great that the snow had to be removed by hand over many shifts, and with heavy construction equipment, until the FO's snow removal vehicles could be used.
|
|
The discovery of kilns also shows that coarse pottery was produced in the village during Roman times. In 1074, following the Norman Conquest, the manor of Caldicot was given to Durand, the Sheriff of Gloucester. Caldicot is recorded in the Domesday Book in 1086. Its entry reads, Durand the Sheriff holds of the King, one land, in Caerwent, called Caldicot. He has in demesne there 3 ploughs, and 15 half villeins, and 4 bondmen, and one knight.
|
|
As the story ploughs through in the second half, Chinna, characterized by the obsession with "Gayathri", kills people working against his goal to attain his ladylove. At the end, after much drama, when Chinna almost killed Gayathri's husband, she shot him in order to save her husband. Chinna asked her if she had feelings for him before this, at least for a second. Just after she shook her head saying yes, he jumped off the building.
|
|
Ashur-Dan II (Aššur-dān) (934–912 BC), son of Tiglath Pileser II, was the earliest king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. He was best known for recapturing previously held Assyrian territory and restoring Assyria to its natural borders, from Tur Abdin (southeast Turkey) to the foothills beyond Arbel (Iraq). The reclaimed territory through his conquest was fortified with horses, ploughs, and grain stores. His military and economic expansions benefited four subsequent generations of kings that replicated his model.
|
|
In the 9th century the district was probably on the border between Cornwall and Devon as the farms in the parish have Saxon names unlike those of Poundstock on the other side of the River Neet.Cornish Church Guide (1925) Truro: Blackford; pp. 153-154 Marhamchurch was recorded in the Domesday Book (1086) when it was one of several manors held by Hamelin from Robert, Count of Mortain. There was one virgate of land and land for 2 ploughs.
|
|
In both cases the burials had been made on what was then the fringe of the likely cultivated area. Their style indicates the development of an upper class. Sheep on the poorly preserved fort New lords arose soon after 500 BC when the warlike, artistic Celts brought access to iron, a far stronger and more accessible metal than bronze. Iron axes and iron-shod ploughs may well now have made inroads into the heavily forested claylands.
|
|
When a human is attacked the dragùa will "fly to their assistance and slay kulshedra by pelting it with cudgels, ploughs, yokes, lances and stones, and even with uprooted trees and houses. Such attacks are seen by humans as lightning". Heavy thunderstorms are thought to be the result of the battle. The dragùas, even as infants, use the cradle to shield themselves from kulshedra's attacks, which consist of her urine and poisonous milk from her breasts.
|
|
Bingfield Combe Cottage was originally built as a cart shed for Bingfield farm (which is the farm where about one mile away, at the bottom of the hill). The cottage was built to store carts and farm machinery such as ploughs. There are now two separately-owned farms separated by about 50 yards; however, this holding used to be a single large farm (approximately 1000 acres). As far as is known the cottage was constructed in about 1830.
|
|
Of broader appeal, and attracting more interest, were his "Essays on Agricultural Machines" as published in the Board of Agriculture's Communications of 1810. These covered: a new design for a dynanometer (his spelling of dynamometer) for measuring the relative resistances of ploughs or the weight needed to draw them forward; the construction of a new roller and set of harrows; the breaking of horses and oxen; and the construction of carriage wheels 'upon a new principle'.
|
|
Georgian Weybridge An old tradition claims that this is the point where Julius Caesar crossed the Thames in 55BC. Weybridge appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Webrige and Webruge held partly by Chertsey Abbey; partly by an Englishman from the abbey; and partly by Herfrid from the conqueror's brother, the Bishop of Bayeux. Its domesday assets were: 6 hides; 1½ ploughs, of meadow, wood worth 9 hogs. It rendered four pounds per year to its feudal overlords.
|
|
By heating together tin and copper, which were in abundance in the area, the Beaker culture people made bronze, and later iron from iron ores. The development of iron smelting allowed the construction of better ploughs, advancing agriculture (for instance, with Celtic fields), as well as the production of more effective weapons. During the Iron Age, Celtic culture, deriving from the Hallstatt and La Tène cultures, arrived from Central Europe. Brythonic was the spoken language during this time.
|
|
Send appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Sande. It was held by Rainald (Reginald) from Alvred de Merleburgh (Marlborough). Its Domesday assets were: 20 hides; 1 church, 10 ploughs, 2 mills worth £1 3s 6d, 5 fisheries worth 4s 6d, of meadow, woodland for 160 hogs. It was headed by 41 households and had additionally fifteen serfs, although whether they had households or not is uncertain. It rendered £15 10s 0d per year to its overlords.
|
|
It had arable land for six ploughs, a mill and of meadows and woodland. It was valued at 30 shillings and was one mile (1.6 km) in length and half a mile in breadth. As Erdington was near Sutton Forest, the Normans imposed strict laws on the village forbidding the hunting of wild animals and the keeping of sheep. Tenants were permitted an allowance of timber from the forest, but with limitations to protect royal game.
|
|
The survey notes the presence of four villagers and four smallholders on the land. A meadow, acreage, and ploughs of various values are among the items recorded under Antingham.Domesday Book, Norfolk, Part I and Part II, 33, Morris, J. (General Editor), 1984. Published: Phillimore & Co. St Mary's parish church, at the south of the village close to the A149 in Church Lane, stands next to the ruins of St Margaret’s Church which was abandoned in the late 17th century.
|
|
Trethevey in St Mabyn parish was a manor recorded in the Domesday Book as Tewardevi. Both manors were held by Richard from Robert, Count of Mortain. Trevisquite had land for 12 ploughs, 25 households, a mill, 20 acres of woodland and 50 of pasture; its value was 25 shillings a year. Trethevey had land only for one plough, 3 households and 30 acres of pasture; its value was only 2 shillings though it had formerly been 5 shillings.
|
|
As a result, they were fired for their efforts to bring to light First Nations were being required to get a permit to sell rain and other farm products. The First Nations people said that the pass system would be enforce until the 1950s.Buckley. From Wooden Ploughs To Welfare. p.53-54. The obscurity of the pass system was brought to light by an article that appeared on Toronto Star written and edited by Joanna Smith.
|
|
It was then held by King William, though a small part was in the hands of Robert, Count of Mortain, the king's half brother, and younger brother of Odo of Bayeux, then earl of Kent. Its Domesday assets were recorded as including 13 hides, 'a new and handsome church', 5 ploughs, of meadow, and woodland for 5 pigs. It rendered £15 in total. It also included interests in London, in respect of which 13 burgesses paid 44d (£0.18).
|
|
The factory was located at Frøyland near the lake of Frøylandsvatnet, and utilized waterfalls from Frøylandsåna. The main products from the factory were scythes, sickles and ploughs. The Jæren Line had opened in 1878, the year before the startup of the factory, and boats were used to cross Frøylandsvatnet to reach Klepp stasjon, the village that developed around the railway station. In addition to running the factory, Kverneland was also responsible for the local post office.
|
|
Outside large agricultural instruments are exhibited like ploughs, and harvesting machines to grub up chicory. The building of the museum was erected in 1957 as a storage place in the architectural style of a 17th-century house to refer to the houses that used to be in the area during that century. In 1977, the building was fully restored and converted into the local history museum.Heemkundig Museum "De Veste", Gemeente Zaventem - Cultuur en Toerisme, Retrieved 2014-07-23.
|
|
In 2005 only three farmers were included in Stimulating Program for Employment in Agriculture, created by Federal Ministry of Displaced Persons and Refugees. The Program will be continued in 2006. The credits have been approved for purchase of 10 reproductive cows in the amount of 30,085 km. The credits have also been arranged for purchase of cultivators and their accessories (trailers, ploughs, milling machines and croppers), and for 6 reproductive cows, in the total amount of 33,745.50 km.
|
|
Such a plough can meet significant soil drag, so that a tractor of sufficient power and traction is required. When planning to plough with a chisel plough, it is important to note that 10–20 horsepower (7.5 to 15 kW) per shank will be required, depending on depth. Pull-type chisel ploughs are made in working widths from about 2.5 m (8 ft) up to 13.7 m (45 ft). They are tractor mounted, and working depth is hydraulically controlled.
|
|
Following the Norman Conquest, Barwelle was still held by the Abbey of Coventry. By 1086, there were 14 villagers with a priest, and 3 smallholders with 2 ploughs; a plough being a plot of land that can be cultivated by one team of oxen. There was a meadow 1 furlong by 1 furlong (201 by 201 m) in size and woodland 3 furlongs by 1 league (604 by 5556 m). The value of which was 30 shillings (£1.50).
|
|
The manor of Crackington was recorded in the Domesday Book (1086) when it was one of several manors held by Berner from Robert, Count of Mortain. There was half a hide of land and land for 3 ploughs. There were 1 plough, 2 serfs, 6 smallholders, 4 acres of underwood, 20 acres of pasture, 4 cattle, 3 pigs and 25 sheep. The value of the manor was 10 shillings though it had formerly been worth £1 sterling.
|
|
The settlement appears in six large parcels in the Domesday Book as Brolege and Bronlei. These were held by the Bishop of Bayeux (William the Conqueror's half-brother). Its Domesday assets were: 39½ hides; 3 churches, 5 mills worth £1 6s 0d, 39 ploughs, of meadow, woodland worth 100 hogs. In 1086 its wide definition and well-cultivated, fertile area with valuable mills made Bramley the largest and most valuable manor in Surrey by yearly income.
|
|
Corduroy roads provided a means for early land vehicles to cross over muskeg and swamp. Horse drawn ploughs filled low areas, settlers hauled gravel and cleared bush for the road ways surveyed along high elevations following lake and river shore lines. Municipalities would grade and gravel roads providing transportation between trading centres. The all-weather road arrived alongside of the NWWR association's impetus for a travel and tourism corridor along the northern area of the western provinces.
|
|
Kanagu ploughs the soil and works in the fields himself. Logu unable to bear all this requests Thanabakkiam to accept compensation and to leave that village. Thanabakkiam gets even furious when she learns that Sundhari is pregnant and Sundhari ties to commit suicide by jumping into the well but saved by Thanabakkiam. When Loganayagam learns about the wedding registration, he apologises to Kanagu and requests Kanagu to inform this to Thanabakkiam but Thanabakkiam's house is engulfed by fire.
|
|
Upcott is not listed as a manor in the Domesday Book of 1086, but is believed to have formed part of one of the two manors called Stochelie listed consecutively amongst the 79 Devonshire holdings of Robert, Count of Mortain (d.1091), uterine half-brother of William the Conqueror and the tenant-in-chief with the largest landholdings in England. Both were sub-infeudated to Alured Pincerna ("Alfred the Butler" or "Alfred the Cup-Bearer"), feudal baron of Chiselborough in Somerset,Sanders, I.J. English Baronies: A Study of their Origin and Descent 1086-1327, Oxford, 1960, p.34 whose main landholdings were in Cornwall and Somerset, a follower of the Count, and also held in Devon from the same overlord the manors of Pocheelle (Poughill, adjacent to today's Cheriton Fitzpaine) and also Little Torrington. However, before the Norman Conquest of 1066 one of the two manors called Stocheliehad been held by a Saxon named Ordgar, "Edmer Ator's man", with land for 10 ploughs, the other by Hademar, with land for 7 ploughs.
|
|
Mølledammen, Bryne The village of Bryne was founded as Thime Stasjon, since this was the location of the Thime Station along the Jærbanen railroad going from Stavanger to Egersund. The small village was one of many popping up around the new stations on the railroad that was completed in 1878. A new chapel was soon built, as well as a store, a wool processing facility and a dairy farm. Several industries related to agriculture also emerged, producing ploughs, mowers, and harvesting equipment.
|
|
Merton appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Meretone.It was revealed in the Doomsday Book as the largest community in the area. It was held by William the Conqueror as principal feudal overlords and its assets were: 20 hides of land; 1 church, 2 mills worth £3 per annum, 21 ploughs, of meadow, woodland worth 80 hogs. It rendered £43 added to just under an extra pound 18s 2d from 16 houses in Southwark, to its feudal overlords per annum.
|
|
This was one of the strongholds owned by Robert, Count of Mortain the half brother of William the Conqueror. It was an imposing earthwork hastily constructed to form part of the defence William's new kingdom. Twenty years later, the Domesday Book entry for Alderton shows the name as "Aldrintone" and the Earl of Ferrers as the local lord and lists land for 8 ploughs. Recent archaeological research points to the castle being abandoned in the latter half of the 14th century.
|
|
Agricultural tools recovered at the site Bronze votive figure of ox with plough (Bastida de les Alcusses) Agricultural and pastoral tasks were a fundamental part of everyday subsistence. The principal crops were unirrigated cereals (barley, wheat and millet) as well as legumes (broad beans and peas). Fruits and nuts were also important, especially olives, vines, almonds and figs. Cultivation was done with wooden ploughs reinforced with iron ploughshares, of which a number have been found in the houses of the town.
|
|
This plant also does not require a tremendous amount of land to grow, in contrast to a crop such as maize, for example. Thus it is relatively easy and inexpensive to cultivate, as there is no need to buy large amounts of land, or equipment such as ploughs or animals. The fruit of this plant is very versatile, as it can be used in a wide variety of products, such as smoothie additives, jams, or dried fruit.Hall, H., & Funt, R. (2013).
|
|
It was held on the Abbott property, half a mile from the Bung Bong railway station and "the attendance was large". This time, 10 entrants used double furrow ploughs with one entrant, "exhibiting Gilsman's patent rotary harrows, which attracted great attention, and were pronounced excellent implements". At the Wareek Hall there is an Honour Roll, of those from the Bung Bong district, who fought in World War 1. It contains 19 names, including 5 names of those who did not return.
|
|
The name Longdon is derived from two Old English words, lang and dūn, meaning long hill. A settlement at Longdon-Upon-Tern dates to at least the Normans, as it is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Languedune, held by St. Alkmund's Church. It continued with the church until the 12th century when it passed to Lilleshall Abbey until its dissolution in the 16th century."Longdon-Upon-Tern" Its Domesday assets were: 2 hides, 5 ploughs, and a mill worth 5s.
|
|
In the Domesday Book, compiled in 1087, the manor of Shermanbury, then called Salmonesberie, is held by Ralph from William de Braose, having been formerly held by Azor from King Harold. There are two ploughs, one belonging to the lord and one shared by one villager and three smallholders. There is a small church and four slaves. There are three other manors in Shermanbury parish, Woolfly, also held by Ralph, and Morley and Sakeham held by William son of Ranulph.
|
|
The main entrance road leads from the northeast corner of the property to the front of the McCaughy Mansion and connects to the road to the south of the dormitories. This road features white gates and a traffic island with restored ploughs or other farming machinery. These decorative gates were constructed by staff and students during the mid-1930s in the original school workshop (a McCaughey period building) (Old Yanconian Union Submission). This road may be the original carriageway from the McCaughey period.
|
|
NABARD virtually ploughs back all the profits for development spending, in their unending search for solutions and answers. Thus the organisation had developed a huge amount of trust capital in its 3 decades of work with rural communities. 1.NABARD is the most important institution in the country which looks after the development of the cottage industry, small scale industry and village industry, and other rural industries. 2.NABARD also reaches out to allied economies and supports and promotes integrated development. 3.
|
|
Ploughing with a single-sided plough in a ploughing match, showing furrows heaped towards centre of strip (The different strips will eventually meet). Note that this is not yet ridge and furrow, as the strip has only been ploughed once in this location. Traditional ploughs have the ploughshare and mouldboard on the right, and so turn the soil over to the right (see single- sided ploughing). This means that the plough cannot return along the same line for the next furrow.
|
|
The Vieilles Charrues Festival (, ; , ; literally: Old Ploughs Festival) is held every year in mid-July in the city of Carhaix located in the west of Brittany, France. This festival is the largest music festival in France, attracting more than 200,000 festival-goers every year (270,000 in 2011, 280,000 in 2017). This festival was created in 1992 in Landeleau, a small village in central Finistère. At that time, less than 500 revellers attended and the festival was more like a private party.
|
|
In the late sixteenth century population growth in the west Highlands prompted an abandonment of ploughing in favour of more intensive cultivation methods using spades and foot ploughs (cas chrom) with lazy beds, which produced larger furrows with narrower channels between and allowed arable cultivationI. D. Whyte, "Economy: primary sector: 1 Agriculture to 1770s", in M. Lynch, ed., The Oxford Companion to Scottish History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), , pp. 206–7. in locations where ploughing would have been impossible.
|
|
Notable items include a doctors buggy, a pea sheller, scythes, ploughs and equestrian items. The Green Store has the largest collection, including items sold in the store during its operation, as well as personal items. Notable collection pieces are 1920s quilt tops, garments, glass soda bottles, store ledgers that range from 1920s to 1940s, war mementos and original vintage signage. The Warsaw Church collection includes its original sign, with plaques on the pews commemorating families that belonged to the congregation.
|
|
The first recorded mention of Hooton Pagnell is found in Domesday Book, where it is called "Hotone" ("The Town on the Hill" or "The High Dwelling Place"). "In Hotone and Bileham Earl Edwin had one manor of ten carucetes for geld, and ten ploughs may be there.. . . . . . . . . In the time of King Edward it was worth eight pounds, now one hundred shillings." The , that was in 1086 the extent of the cultivated land in Hooton, were given to Robert, Count of Mortain.
|
|
Bracara Augusta, the modern city of Braga and former capital of Gallaecia, became the capital of the Suebi. Apart from cultural and some linguistic traces, the Suebians left the highest Germanic genetic contribution of the Iberian Peninsula in Portugal and Galicia. Orosius, at that time resident in Hispania, shows a rather pacific initial settlement, the newcomers working their lands"the barbarians, detesting their swords, turn them into ploughs", Historiarum Adversum Paganos, VII, 41, 6. or serving as bodyguards of the locals.
|
|
The village has been here since before the Norman conquest. Earl Ralph of Hereford who died in 1057 had five ploughs here and someone named Archil had two. Francis Edwards was the Lord of the Manor and he floated the idea of diverting the main London road over the River Welland via the bridge at Welham. He rebuilt the houses on the north side of the road in 1720 and he had an Inn built based on the Red Lion at Northampton.
|
|
A spreader is a type of maintenance equipment designed to spread or shape ballast profiles. The spreader spreads gravel along the railroad ties. The various ploughs, wings and blades of specific spreaders allow them to remove snow, build banks, clean and dig ditches, evenly distribute gravel, as well as trim embankments of brush along the side of the track. Spreaders quickly proved themselves as an extremely economical tool for maintaining trackside drainage ditches and spreading fill dumped beside the track.
|
|
Those who have one wife, three sons, and two ploughs, six cows and a house in the centre of a country are immensely fortunate. 33\. Clothing is the prime requisite for decorations, ghee is the foremost requisite for food, virtue is the foremost requisite for women and knowledge is the chief requisite of scholars. 34\. Ant-hill, honey in a honey-comb, moon in bright half of the month, wealth of the king and food received by begging, grow gradually. 35\.
|
|
Aardman Animations created a three-minute short film to promote the play, consisting of a montage depicting a world on the verge of collapse, with huge ploughs destroying landscapes and skies filled with warplanes. The short was directed by Darren Dubicki, and was intended to evoke themes of "greed, conflict and consumption" with the eventual message that "Life is futile, and destined to descend into madness." The animators drew inspiration from the surreal album artwork by Storm Thorgerson and Hipgnosis.
|
|
In the Domesday Book the village appeared as 'Bodeaurde' and is described as a 'waste' with woodland 'one league long and half a league wide' and land enough for two ploughs. Between 1153 and 1160 the manor was granted by the Third Earl of Chester to Robert le Grosvenor whose descendant held the village for Edward the First. Certain lands remained in the ownership of the Grosvenors. In the reign of Henry VIII it passed to the ancestors of the Earl of Shrewsbury.
|
|
The boiler landed in the garden of the neighbouring hospital. In the 1960s, construction began on new snow ploughs for the DR in East Germany as well as the conversion of steam locomotives to oil-firing. At the same time the refurbishment of diesel locomotives was taken on. The number of employees hovered around 2,000. In 1961 the former streamliner, 61 002, was converted by the factory into the high-speed, trial locomotive, 18 201, which is still operational today.
|
|
In addition to the maintenance of all locomotives, some Bahnbetriebswerke are also responsible for looking after special duty trains. The most important units are breakdown trains (for re-railing derailed rolling stock) and rotary snow ploughs. There are also fire fighting trains to enable fires in the area to be put out as quickly as possible. And for the smooth running of a Bahnbetriebswerk tractors and shunters are needed in order to move wagons and locomotives that are unable to move under their own power.
|
|
A further 574 followed.Chamberlain & Ellis (1969) p70 While the driver came from the Royal Armoured Corps, the five other crew were drawn from the Royal Engineers. One of the RE crew was a demolitions NCO sapper responsible for priming the "Flying dustbin" and who led the crew when they dismounted from the tank to place demolition charges ("Wade" charges). Other versions that did not see active service were equipped with anti-mine ploughs, mine rollers, or special demolition charges to destroy reinforced concrete walls.
|
|
Purdue Ag Equipment Sizes & Storage One type of subsoiler has a torpedo-shaped tip and is called a mole plough because the tip describes a path much like the burrow that a mole creates. Mole ploughs are used to create tile drainage, with or without tiles or tile line added. A form of this implement (with a single blade), a pipe-and-cable-laying plough, is used to lay buried cables or pipes, without the need to dig a deep trench and re-fill it.
|
|
Machines were invented to improve the efficiency of various agricultural operation, such as Jethro Tull's seed drill of 1701 that mechanised seeding at the correct depth and spacing and Andrew Meikle's threshing machine of 1784. Ploughs were steadily improved, from Joseph Foljambe's Rotherham iron plough in 1730 to James Small's improved "Scots Plough" metal in 1763. In 1789 Ransomes, Sims & Jefferies was producing 86 plough models for different soils. Powered farm machinery began with Richard Trevithick's stationary steam engine, used to drive a threshing machine, in 1812.
|
|
Welsh Black cattle are the traditional breed of Wales. These hardy cows with horns and shaggy coats are able to thrive on poor quality pasture and moorland and can be used to provide both milk and beef. Large numbers were raised in Wales and herded on foot to be fattened in England for selling in English markets. On Welsh farms they were used to pull ploughs and sometimes wagons during the nineteenth century, and were the prized possessions by which a man's wealth could be estimated.
|
|
Sir Evelyn de Rothschild has also expanded the estate to its present size of approximately 3200 acres (13 km²). The estate contains many miles of new road- side tree planting, well-kept hedging, and cropping and planting of new woodland but retains some of the older permanent pasture and small fields. A major new road, the A505 ploughs through the area between the house and its Stud Farm, but has been disguised by dense woodland planting. Postcards and guidebooks are available for sale within Ascott House.
|
|
The village name Meas-Ham suggests it was founded in the Saxon period between AD 350 and 1000. Just before the Norman Conquest of 1066, the village belonged to "Earl Algar". The Domesday Book of 1086 has it as belonging directly to the King, as part of a royal estate centred at Repton. Its taxable value as assessed at a mere 2 geld units, containing land for three ploughs, 20 acres (8 ha) of meadow, and a square furlong (10 acres, 4 ha) of woodland.
|
|
He started making agricultural equipment and then rolling rock carriages. In 1876, Ritchie was awarded a contract by the Government of New South Wales for 150 wagons worth £70 each and next year successfully tendered for the construction of first-class carriages. Ritchie opened a branch at Wickham, near Newcastle in 1879. By June 1880 Ritchie employed sixty men and was one of the biggest contractors for government rolling stock: his works could make 200-300 railway wagons a year and produced 300 ploughs.
|
|
Wandsworth Shield, in the Insular version of La Tène style, 2nd century BC (around 750 BC – 43 AD) In around 750 BC iron working techniques reached Britain from southern Europe. Iron was stronger and more plentiful than bronze, and its introduction marks the beginning of the Iron Age. Iron working revolutionised many aspects of life, most importantly agriculture. Iron tipped ploughs could turn soil more quickly and deeply than older wooden or bronze ones, and iron axes could clear forest land more efficiently for agriculture.
|
|
Stratton Methodist Church Will of Alfred the Great, AD 873–888, mentions Strætneat (11th-century copy, British Library Stowe MS 944, ff. 29v–33r)Charter S 1507 at the Electronic Sawyer The earliest known references to Stratton are found in King Alfred’s Will of c. 880 and the Domesday survey of 1086. (For the Stratton Hundred: see under Government below.) At the time of the Domesday Survey the manor of Stratton had land for 30 ploughs. There were 30 villeins, 20 smallholders and 20 slaves.
|
|
William's total holding at Wombourne supported 8 ploughs and was worth £3. There were 13 villagers (probably not including dependents, so perhaps thirty to forty people in total); a priest, and so perhaps some sort of church; as well as two mills, the first evidence for the importance of water power in the area. Wombourne was part of the Seisdon Hundred. The Priors of Dudley built or rebuilt the Parish Church of St. Benedict Biscop around 1170, the only parish church dedicated to this Anglo-Saxon cleric.
|
|
The settlement predates the Domesday Book of 1086 in which Horbury and Crigglestone, on the south side of the River Calder, were the only parts of the Manor of Wakefield not described as "waste". The survey recorded about 40 people and four ox- drawn ploughs in 'Orberie' and 'Crigeston' combined. About of land were in cultivation and much woodland. Horbury had a church dating from about 1106 which was a daughter church of the church in Wakefield and possibly replaced an earlier Saxon church.
|
|
Water buffalos were formerly used to plough muddy paddy fields in Indonesia although the use of mechanised methods, such as small powered ploughs, has become much more common in recent years. Prime Javanese paddy yields roughly 6 metric tons of unmilled rice (2.5 metric tons of milled rice) per hectare. When irrigation is available, rice farmers typically plant Green Revolution rice varieties allowing three growing seasons per year. Since fertilizer and pesticide are relatively expensive inputs, farmers typically plant seeds in a very small plot.
|
|
The road is normally closed between October and May, due to the high snowfall on the pass. As it is the only direct road pass between the cantons of Bern and Valais across the Bernese Alps, attempts are made to keep the road open as long as possible with snow ploughs. A PostBus Switzerland service uses the pass several times a day, connecting Meiringen and Oberwald. The Grimsel Pass road is part of the Aare Route, which is national cycle route 8 of Switzerland.
|
|
In 1789 Ransome moved to Ipswich, and there laid the foundation of a production site, the Orwell Works. He took out a further patent on 30 May 1808 for improvements in the wheel and swing ploughs. Ransome was joined in business by his two sons James Ransome (1782–1849) and Robert (1795–1864), and the firm, known as Ransome & Sons, was one of the earliest to build cast iron bridges, the Stoke Bridge at Ipswich being constructed by them in 1819. He retired from business in 1825.
|
|
Although he finds the job to be sinfully boring, he ploughs on knowing the alternatives are none. His story takes a turn for the bizarre when, during a routine collection, Samay accidentally walks into the office of a mob boss, Pande. Pande in turn mistakes Samay for a hit man due to arrive at the same time and Samay is given 75 lakhs for a hit he did not execute and offered another assignment. Fearing for his life, Samay resolves to run away with the money.
|
|
Farnham appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Ferneham, one of the five great "minster" churches in Surrey. Its Domesday assets were: 40 hides; 1 church, 6 mills worth £2 6s 0d, 43 ploughs, of meadow, woodland worth 175½ hogs. It rendered £53.Surrey Domesday Book Waverley Abbey, the first Cistercian abbey in England, was founded in 1128 by William Giffard, Bishop of Winchester about one mile (1.6 km) south of the town centre. King John visited Waverley in 1208, and Henry III in 1225.
|
|
North Runcton has an entry in the Domesday Book of 1085 where its population, land ownership and productive resources were extensively detailedThe Domesday Book, England's Heritage, Then and Now, (Editor: Thomas Hinde), Norfolk, page 192, North runcton, In the great book North Runcton is recorded by the name of Runghetuna and Rynghetona. The main tenants being Hermer de Ferrers and William d'Ecouis. The survey also records always 11 villagers, 7 smallholders, 2 slaves, meadow, . Always 2 ploughs in lordship, 1 men's plough, 1½ mills.
|
|
The game revolves around a young man named Daniel Garner (Cam Clarke), who is happily married to his wife Catherine (Vanessa Marshall). At the start of the game, Daniel is about to take Catherine out for a birthday meal. As they drive towards their destination at high speed, in the pouring rain, Daniel takes his eyes off the road to look at his wife and while his attention is diverted, he ploughs their car into a truck. Both of them are killed instantly in the crash.
|
|
The problem is overcome by using a furrow widener or longer mould board on the rear body. The latter moves the soil further towards the ploughed land, leaving more room for the tractor wheels on the next run. Driving with all four wheels on unploughed land is another solution to the problem of wide tyres. Semi-mounted ploughs can be hitched in a way that allows the tractor to run on unbroken land and pull the plough in correct alignment without any sideways movement (crabbing).
|
|
Kempe Gowda built a red fort with eight gates and a moat surrounding it. Inside the fort two wide roads ran from North to South and East to West. The other roads were made parallel or perpendicular to them. On an auspicious moment fixed by an astrologer, Kempe Gowda harnessed the bullocks to the ploughs at the central Doddapete square, at the junction of Doddapete (Avenue Road) and Chikka pete, got the ground ploughed and worked the four main streets running in four directions.
|
|
A map of camps and earthworks in Cornwall Around 750 BCE the Iron Age reached Britain, permitting greater scope of agriculture through the use of new iron ploughs and axes. The building of hill forts also peaked during the British Iron Age. During broadly the same time (900 to 500 BCE), Celtic cultures and peoples spread across the British Isles. During the British Iron Age Cornwall, like all of Britain south of the Firth of Forth, was inhabited by Celts known as the Britons.
|
|
The company appointed agencies in Victoria, and in 1885 B. F. Mellor and his family moved to Ballarat, Victoria Interesting details on stump-jump patents. to oversee interstate distribution. In 1888 arrangements were made for McCalman, Garde, & Co. of North Melbourne to manufacture Mellor patent ploughs and scarifiers under licence. J. F. and B. F. Mellor founded a factory at Braybrook Junction, close to Melbourne, cheap coal, bluestone quarries and railway facilities, and near the site of a successful demonstration of their stump-jump plough.
|
|
If the Commander's reckless behaviour continues, a crash is inevitable; Verdeschi orders Carter to take nuclear physicists Jack Bartlett and Joe Ehrlich with him on the rescue pod-equipped Eagle. Koenig pilots his ship in a crash-dive down into the nearest dome. As alarms sound, he comes out of his euphoric state, but not in time to avoid a collision. Trying to level out, he clips a dome with a fuel pod and the Eagle ploughs out of control across the Moon's surface.
|
|
Farming in the dry Deccan region of the Bombay Presidency required more farm animals—typically bullocks to pull the heavier ploughs—than were needed in other, wetter, regions of India; often, up to six bullocks were needed for ploughing. For most of the first half of the 19th century, farmers in the Deccan did not own enough bullocks to farm effectively. Consequently, many plots were ploughed only once every three or four years. In the second half of the 19th century, cattle numbers per farmer did increase; however, the cattle remained vulnerable to famines.
|
|
27 These early engines were very similar to Kitson and Hewitson design of ploughing engine with the exception of the drive to the rear wheels which was via chain. In addition Burrell produced, again under licence from Fowlers, a range of implements for cable ploughing including balance ploughs, turn-about cultivators and a patent small cultivator for use on light land with a single engine.Haining & Tyler (1985), p. 218 Despite these early exploits and the company having extensive interests in producing engines for agricultural purposes Burrell paid scant attention to the construction of ploughing engines.
|
|
A survey of land reform in the area which became Boloso Sore was performed in 1980-1981 under the direction of Dessalegn Rahmato. It found that Bolosso is "the beneficiary of many years of infrastructural and extension service by the Wollaita Agricultural Development Unit". Further, although the area had been self-sufficient in food in years past, there were clear signs of gradual impoverishment. In a 1971 survey about 30% of Bolosso households did not use ox-drawn ploughs for cultivation; ten years later, 52% of the peasants interviewed did not own oxen.
|
|
It is named either after Margaret, Maid of Norway, the heir to the Scottish throne who died in Orkney age sevenWenham, Sheena "The South Isles" in Omand (2003) p. 211. or possibly St. Margaret. The village has a small blacksmith's museum and is known for its annual Boys' Ploughing Match. During this event young girls and boys dressed in dark jackets play the part of the horses and young boys using miniature ploughs compete with one another at ploughing a 4-foot square rig in the nearby sands.
|
|
The village lay within the Anglo-Saxon hundred of Wallington which served for strategic meetings of elders and manor owners in the various kingdoms, including in the two centuries before the Norman Conquest, the Kingdom of England. Woodmansterne appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Odemerestor, derived from Old English "Ode" = (W)ode = Wood, "mere" = pond, and "tor" = high ground.The Diocese of Southwark, Reigate Deanery It was held by Richard de Tonebrige. Its Domesday assets were: 15 hides; 1 church, 1 mill worth 20s, 5 ploughs, of meadow, wood worth 10 hogs.
|
|
A small cliff castle was established at Bossiney in Norman times, probably before the Domesday Survey of 1086. In Domesday Book, there are certainly two manors in this parish (for a probable third see Trethevy). alt= Bossiney and Trevena were established as a borough in 1253 by Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall. Bossiney (which included Trevena) was held from the monks of Bodmin by the Earl of Cornwall: there was land for six ploughs and of pasture (before the Conquest it had been held from the monks by Alfwy).
|
|
Newton dates as a settlement from before Roman occupation. The entry for 'Newton' in the 1086 Domesday Book describes the settlement as a bovate of , and: > M. In NEWTON Alsi had 7 bovates of land taxable, Land for 10 oxen, odo has 1 > plough, 1 sokeman on 1 bovate of this land; 5 villieins and 4 borders with > 1½ ploughs, a church; 12 acres meadow, woodland; pasture . Value before 1066 > £4; now the same, Tallage 40 shillings. It is estimated during this time that the population was 100 to 125 people.
|
|
The bush forge theory is now widely accepted. After heating, the mould boards were likely beaten straight over a green log before being cut into shape and riveted together to form each individual piece.Kelly Gang Armour Australian Broadcasting Corporation 21 August 2003Testing Joe Byrne's Armour Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) The Hobart Mercury reported that Glenrowan district blacksmith Joe Grigg had made the armour from parts of ploughs and harvesting machines while watched by Ned and Dan Kelly. Ned paid for Grigg's work in gold sovereigns.
|
|
The phone lines between the 23 cottages on the farm was one of the first two phone lines in the North West Territories. In 1886 the Bell Farm owned 45 reapers, and binders, 78 ploughs, 6 mowers, 40 seeders, 80 sets of harrows and seven steam threshing outfits to plant and harvest of Red Fyfe wheat, oats and potatoes crop. The Bell Farm was a mixed farm enterprise, and the livestock of 1886 comprised 200 horses, 250 cattle and 900 hogs. Wooden granaries on wheels, grain elevator and flour mill also complemented the Bell Farm.
|
|
Traces of traditional ridge and furrow ploughing survive in much of the parish, many in the S-shaped pattern characteristic of ox-drawn ploughs. They are evidence of the open field system of farming that prevailed in the parish until 1760, when Parliament passed the Inclosure Act for Eydon. Northwest of the village, west of Woodford Road and Manitoba Way, are of shallow hollows and mounds. They are the remains of small pits and spoil heaps created by the quarrying of Northampton Sand, an iron-rich sandstone, probably in the Middle Ages.
|
|
Chiltlee Manor lay to the south of Bramshott Manor and was recorded as being held by the king, William the Conqueror, with four tenants and land for two ploughs, worth fifty three shillings (£2.65). These four manors lay on the edge of the royal forest of Woolmer, with the origins of Liphook perhaps built as smallholdings to serve huntsmen. The village grew until the 14th century but was checked by the Black Death. It seems some people escaped from the manors to Liphook to evade taxes of the Lord.
|
|
A group of Alans, the ancestors of the Jassic people, seems to have settled in the kingdom around the same time. New villages appeared, consisting of timber houses built side by side in equal parcels of land. For instance, the scarcely inhabited forests of the Western Carpathians (in present-day Slovakia) developed a network of settlements under Béla IV. Huts disappeared, and new rural houses consisting of a living room, a kitchen and a pantry were built. The most advanced agricultural techniques, including asymmetric heavy ploughs, also spread throughout the kingdom.
|
|
The evidence of bones indicates that cattle were by far the most important domesticated animal, followed by pigs, sheep and goats, while domesticated fowl were very rare.K. J. Edwards and I. Ralston, Scotland after the Ice Age: Environment, Archaeology and History, 8000 BC – AD 1000 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2003), , p. 230. Christian missionaries from Ireland may have changed agricultural practice, bringing innovations such as the horizontal watermill and mould board ploughs, which were more effective in turning the soil.S. M. Foster, "The topography of peoples lives: geography to 1314", in I. Brown, ed.
|
|
The Manor of Pawton, already established in Saxon times, was very large, extending to six whole parishes and parts of four others. It was granted to the Bishops of Sherborne by King Egbert of Wessex and held by their successors until it was alienated under Henry VIII. In 1086 there were 44 hides of land, land for 60 ploughs, 40 villagers and 40 smallholders; pasture 12 sq leagues, woodland 2 sq leagues. Charles G. Henderson wrote in 1925 that slight remains of the bishop's palace and deer park were still to be seen.
|
|
This highway received an improvement in 1926 which then used an elevating grader, 16 horses and a dump wagon. The Saskatchewan Highway Act was established in 1922, in compliance with the 1919 Canadian highway act. At the initial stages of the Saskatchewan Highway Act, of highway were gravel and the rest were earth roads. The road allowances were laid out as a part of the Dominion Land survey system for homesteading. In 1929, the R.M. of Wood Creek #281 conducted roadwork with three graders, 53 slush scrapers, 15 wheel scrapers and five ploughs.
|
|
The village is mentioned in the Domesday book when Grendon formed part of the hundred of Wymersley, which covered an area of . Here it is listed as having three hides and one virgate and land enough for 9 ploughs, twelve sochmen, 3 mills rendering 3 shillings, along with 30 acres of meadow.The Domesday book. Victorian County History Northamptonshire - vol I page 351 There is a village folklore about drunken revellers leaving the pub in olden days trying to fish the reflection of the moon from the brook; these characters became known as "Moonrakers".
|
|
Around 800 there was a return to systematic agriculture in the form of the open field, or strip, system. A manor would have several fields, each subdivided into strips of land. An acre measured one "furlong" of 220 yards by one "chain" of 22 yards (that is, about 200 m by 20 m). A furlong (from "furrow long") was considered to be the distance an ox could plough before taking a rest; the strip shape of the acre field also reflected the difficulty in turning early heavy ploughs.
|
|
Cat's eyes are particularly valuable in fog and are largely resistant to damage from snow ploughs. A key feature of the cat's eye is the flexible rubber dome which is occasionally deformed by the passage of traffic. A fixed rubber wiper cleans the surface of the reflectors as they sink below the surface of the road (the base tends to hold water after a shower of rain, making this process even more efficient). The rubber dome is protected from impact damage by metal 'kerbs' – which also give tactile and audible feedback for wandering drivers.
|
|
After press publicity of this worker-owned factory, a trade delegation from the (fictitious) country of Xenobia contact the factory to arrange a demonstration of the "one-way plough" that Dickinson had been working on. Miss Cooper invites Dickinson to attend, but he merely watches from a distance. The Xenobians are impressed and order 800 ploughs for £50,000. After the contract is signed, Adam insists the only way to fulfil such a large order is to focus their efforts solely on the plough, to the exclusion of work they have contracted from longtime customers.
|
|
Elbasan from South Industrial development began during the Zog regime with the production of tobacco and alcoholic beverages, and culminated during the communist regime. The city gained prominence after the Chinese built a steel mill in 1974. One travel writer relayed from conversation that during the communist regime, most everyone in the country seemed to have a gun, likely manufactured by this Chinese-financed factory in Elbasan, although the country did not seem to have tractors, ploughs, or sewing machines. There were also other industries operating in the city during the communist regime.
|
|
Shakespeare's Sonnet 2 is the second procreation sonnet. It urges the young man to have a child and thereby protect himself from reproach by preserving his beauty against Time's destruction. Sonnet 2 begins with a military siege metaphor, something that occurs often in sonnets and poetry — from Virgil (‘he ploughs the brow with furrows’) and Ovid (‘furrows which may plough your body will come already’) to Shakespeare's contemporary, Drayton, “The time-plow’d furrows in thy fairest field.” The image is used here as a metaphor for a wrinkled brow.
|
|
After passing his Baccalauréat, de Sède began studying law and literature where he met his future wife Marie-Andrée at the Sorbonne. It was during this period that he established contacts with the Surrealists and began producing his first works. In 1941, he was a member of the Surrealist group "La Main à Plume", which was named after a phrase by Rimbaud, "La main à plume vaut la main à charrue" ("The hand that writes is equal to the hand that ploughs"). The group published a series of pamphlets.
|
|
The overlord retained one virgate of land in demesne with one plough and 4 serfs; 8 villeins and 6 smallholders occupied the rest of the land with 3 ploughs. There were 2 square leagues of pasture and the value of the manor was £2 10 shillings and had formerly been worth £5 sterling; The Arundell family "of Lanherne" have been the chief landowners in St Mawgan since the 13th century. It was a branch of the prominent and widespread Arundell family also seated at Trerice, Tolverne, Menadarva in Cornwall and at Wardour Castle in Wiltshire.
|
|
On some crops, like continuous no-till corn, the thickness of the residue on the surface of the field can become a problem without proper preparation and/or equipment. No-till farming requires specialized seeding equipment, such as heavier seed drills to penetrate through the residue. Ploughing requires more powerful tractors, so tractors can be smaller with no-tillage.Casady, William W. "G1236 Farming With One Tractor" Costs can be offset by selling ploughs and tractors, but farmers often keep their old equipment while trying out no-till farming.
|
|
The British Government decided to develop wheat growing to help feed a war-ravaged and severely rationed Britain and eventually Europe at the hoped-for Allied victory at the end of the Second World War. An American farmer in Tanganyika, Freddie Smith, was in charge, and David Gordon Hines was the accountant responsible for the finances. The scheme had on the Ardai plains just outside Arusha; on Mount Kilimanjaro; and towards Ngorongoro to the west. All the machinery was lend/lease from the US, including 30 tractors, 30 ploughs, and 30 harrows.
|
|
At the time of the Domesday survey in 1086, Risborough (later known as Princes Risborough) was a royal manor held by the King, having been a village of King Edward the Confessor and his successor King Harold before the conquest. It was part of the Hundred of Risborough, which also comprised Bledlow, Horsenden and Monks Risborough. It was assessed at 30 hides both before and after the conquest, of which 20 hides related to the demesne. The manor had land for 24 ploughs, four of them in the lord's demesne.
|
|
It is usual to rest such horses every half-hour for about ten minutes. Heavy volcanic loam soils such as are found in New Zealand require the use of four heavy draught horses to pull a double-furrow plough. Where paddocks are more square than oblong, it is more economical to have horses four wide in harness than two-by-two ahead, so that one horse is always on the ploughed land (the sod). The limits of strength and endurance in horses made greater than two-furrow ploughs uneconomic to use on a farm.
|
|
The mole plough allows under-drainage to be installed without trenches, or breaks up the deep impermeable soil layers that impede it. It is a deep plough with a torpedo or wedge-shaped tip and a narrow blade connecting it to the body. When dragged over ground, it leaves a channel deep under it that acts as a drain. Modern mole ploughs may also bury a flexible perforated plastic drain pipe as they go, making a more permanent drain – or may be used to lay pipes for water supply or other purposes.
|
|
Similar machines, so-called pipe-and-cable-laying ploughs, are even used under the sea for laying cables or for preparing the earth for side-scan sonar in a process used in oil exploration. A simple check can be made to find if the subsoil is in the right condition for mole ploughing. Compact a tennis ball-sized sample from moling depth by hand, then push a pencil through. If the hole stays intact without splitting the ball, the soil is in ideal condition for the mole plough.
|
|
A page from the Domesday Book for Warwickshire At Christmas 1085, William ordered the compilation of a survey of the landholdings held by himself and by his vassals throughout his kingdom, organised by counties. It resulted in a work now known as the Domesday Book. The listing for each county gives the holdings of each landholder, grouped by owners. The listings describe the holding, who owned the land before the Conquest, its value, what the tax assessment was, and usually the number of peasants, ploughs, and any other resources the holding had.
|
|
Although Hereford was the only borough in the county in 1066, boroughs were attached to the castles of Clifford (also built by FitzOsbern) and Wigmore by 1086. Wigmore, at the time situated in the Hazeltree hundred, is mentioned three times in the Domesday Book. The first entry is under the lands held by Ranulph Mortimer and records that he holds Wigmore Castle, which Earl William built on wasteland that was called Merestun, which Gunfrid held before 1066. It also records that there were two hides that paid tax, two ploughs in lordship and four slaves.
|
|
The origin of the name is uncertain. It may be derived from Bula's Ofer or Boll's Ofer, respectively the Old English for Bull's Ridge and Boll's Ridge (the ridge associated with a person named Boll); in the 1650s it was referred to as 'Bolsouer'. Bolsover is mentioned in Domesday Book, named as Belesovre, where it is described as the property of William Peverel (or "Peveril"). The description refers to the villans, the ploughs, eight acres (32,000 m2) of meadow and woodland pasture, which is given as two leagues by a league.
|
|
Specialising in agricultural machinery, he invented and exhibited a two-wheel plough at the first meeting of the Royal Agricultural Society in 1839 for which he won an award.Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England, Volume 3, 1842 John Howard retired from business in 1851 leaving his sons James and Frederick as his successors. In the following year the firm commenced the manufacture of steam ploughs. The business established by Howard would later trade as James & Frederick Howard, the two brothers also building the Britannia Iron Works in Bedford in 1857.
|
|
It seemed an obvious progression to use Fowler's latest steam-driven plough for normal ploughing, rather than just drainage channels. However normal ploughing was much lighter work that could be achieved perfectly well by a team of horses and in comparison the steam-driven plough was rather cumbersome. One way of improving the plough's efficiency would be to design a plough that could plough in either direction without having to be turned round. Fowler achieved this by designing a frame for the plough that had two ploughs attached as a kind of see-saw.
|
|
And yet, it's compelling. It > shamelessly ploughs forward, connecting dots with an earnest certainty that > makes you want to give it an A for effort. Filipe Feio, reflecting upon the film's Internet popularity in Diário de Notícias, stated that "[f]iction or not, Zeitgeist: The Movie threatens to become the champion of conspiracy theories of today". Michael Shermer, founder of the Skeptics Society, mentioned Zeitgeist in an article in Scientific American on skepticism in the age of mass media and the postmodern belief in the relativism of truth.
|
|
At the same time they obtained six bogie combination cars, with a central saloon and open ends, which were the only single deck vehicles to run on the system, and were supplied by Hurst Nelson and Company of Motherwell. Once the changeover to electric traction was completed in 1902, the steam trams were disposed of. Several of the trailer cars were sold at an auction, which took place at Lochee depot on 24 July 1902. The Corporation retained two of the tram locomotives, which were used as snow ploughs until 1934.
|
|
Gefjon ploughs the earth in Sweden by Lorenz Frølich A reoccurring theme in legend and folktale consists of a man or, more often, a woman who is challenged to gain as much land as can be traveled within a limited amount of time. This motif is attested by Livy around 1 CE, 5th century BCE Greek historian Herodotus, and in folktales from Northern Europe. In six tales from Jutland, Denmark and one from Germany a plough is used similarly as in Livy's account, though the conditions are often met by walking or riding.Davidson (1999:52—53).
|
|
The earliest signs of habitation can be found a mile to the east of the current village, where the Roman road from Bath to Poole passed. The village is later recorded in the Domesday book as supporting 20 people, three ploughs, a mill and of meadow. A priory was founded near the village in 1232 and had links with the village until its dissolution under the orders of Henry VIII on 31 March 1540. Norton developed a thriving wool trade and became the site of a regional market, signs of which can be seen in local surnames such as Weaver.
|
|
The premises in Quay Street continued to be run as a motor show room, however an addition had been made to the rear of the building when a galvanised extension was constructed to act as a workshop and repair facility. Agricultural vehicles such as tractors and ploughs, were also displayed on the premises. At the time that the dealership changed hands a large electric advertising sign was fixed to the front of the building. A photograph from 1955 shows the building with an awning smaller than the present one affixed to the front of the building.
|
|
In 1950 the former Crowley Vale State School, erected to a standard Queensland Works Department "open-air" school plan, was moved onto the College grounds as a lunchroom for farm hands. and was re-located to its present position in 1995. In honour of students and staff from the College who had fought in the two world wars, an Olympic-sized War Memorial Swimming Pool was constructed in the early 1950s. Site excavation was carried out in 1950-52, largely by student labour using farm machinery such as tractors and ploughs, but the post-war shortage of materials delayed construction until 1953-54.
|
|
He was himself admitted as a Fellow in February 1665 but resigned in 1668. He constructed with his own hands a carriage with an improved action, "for the ease of both man and horse", which attracted considerable attention at the time, and is often mentioned by Samuel Pepys. Both Pepys and his contemporary diarist John Evelyn tell us of the colonel's experiments and inventions at his stately seat at Charlton: his vineyard, the wine of which was "good for little", new-invented ploughs, and subterranean warren. He was among the first to fit a way-wiser, or odometer, to a carriage.
|
|
The name "Peper Harow" is very unusual and comes from Old English Pipers Hear(g) perhaps meaning, approximately "The pagan stone altar of the pipers"; however, hearg can also be haeg meaning more prosaically hedged enclosure (of the pipers), or even hay meadow. Pipers might mean musicians, or sandpipers (the green sandpiper and wood sandpiper are migrants to marsh and swampy ground – as this is). Peper Harow appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Pipereherge. It was held by Girard (Gerard) from Walter, son of Othere. Its domesday assets were: 3 hides. It had 3 ploughs, 1 mill worth 15s, of meadow.
|
|
Besides transporting numerous crops, they introduced the concept of summer irrigation to Europe and developed the beginnings of the plantation system of sugarcane growing through the use of slaves for intensive cultivation. Agricultural calendar, c. 1470, from a manuscript of Pietro de Crescenzi By 900, developments in iron smelting allowed for increased production in Europe, leading to developments in the production of agricultural implements such as ploughs, hand tools and horse shoes. The carruca heavy plough improved on the earlier scratch plough, with the adoption of the Chinese mouldboard plough to turn over the heavy, wet soils of northern Europe.
|
|
By 1086, when the Domesday survey was carried out, Preston's importance had grown, and it had the status of a manor. A manor house—likely to have been a simple timber-framed structure—would have existed at this time, but no trace survives. The manor was held by the Episcopal See at Selsey, then by the Bishop of Chichester after the See transferred there in 1075. The Domesday survey calculated the manor's value to be £25, and recorded 12 ploughs (a team of eight oxen), a church, the manor house and a mill of unspecified type.
|
|
Bodigga Cliff from the coast path The manor of Pendrim was a manor with lands in this parish and in others. It was recorded in the Domesday Book (1086) as having land for 6 ploughs, one virgate in lordship, one plough, 3 serfs, 13 smallholders with one plough, 200 acres of pasture and half a square league of woodland. It was held by King William and paid £3 by weight. Three lands from this manor had been taken from it and were then held by the canons of St Stephen's by Launceston from Robert, Count of Mortain; these were Bodigga, Bucklawren and Bonyalva.
|
|
Edward Hammond Bentall (19 June 1814 – 7 August 1898) was an English manufacturer of ploughs and agricultural equipment and a Liberal politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1868 to 1874. Bentall was the son of William Bentall, of Goldhanger, Essex, and his wife Mary Hammond, daughter of Edward Hammond, of Sible Hedingham, Essex. His father was a ploughmaker who developed a business making agricultural implements.Its About Maldon - E H Bentall & Co Bentall was educated at private schools at Maldon and Brentwood and at the age of 22 went into his father's business as an engineer.
|
|
A plough being pulled through the streets of Whittlesey as part of the Whittlesey Straw Bear Festival procession. Ploughs were traditionally taken around by Plough Monday mummers and molly dancers in parts of Eastern England and in some places were used as a threat: if householders refused to donate to the participants their front path would be ploughed up. Twelfth Night gathering in Harrison Ainsworth's Mervyn Clitheroe (1858), illustrated by Phiz, depicting the northern Fool Plough dance. The day traditionally saw the resumption of work after the Christmas period in some areas, particularly in northern England and East England.
|
|
The first historical details of the manor were recorded in the Domesday book which stated that before the Norman conquest the manor was owned by a Saxon lord known as Alward.Taylor, Thomas & Salzman, L. F., eds. (1924) A History of the county of Cornwall; Part 8: The Domesday Survey for Cornwall; introduction by L. F. Salzman; translation of the text by Thomas Taylor There were 3 hides of land but Alward had paid tax only for 2 hides. There was land for 16 ploughs of which 5 were owned by the lord who had 7 serfs.
|
|
Revealing Cheshire's Past: Neolithic farming activity at Tatton village (accessed 25 March 2014) Local historian W.J. Varley speculates that the earliest Neolithic farmers cleared the forest to cultivate emmer wheat and barley using mattocks of bone or stone, and herded oxen, goats, sheep and pigs using dogs; they lacked ploughs and horses.Varley, p. 28 The absence of lime-rich basic soils and the high rainfall might have delayed Cheshire's agricultural exploitation compared with the adjacent areas of North Wales and the Peak District, with light soils overlaying sand, gravel or sandstone being cultivated before poorly drained clay soils.Varley, p.
|
|
St Mary's Church, viewed from the southeast Tomb and effigy of Robert Willoughby, 1st Baron Willoughby de Broke (d. 1502), St Mary's Church, Callington, north wall of chancel Callington has been postulated as one of the possible locations of the ancient site of Celliwig, associated with King Arthur. Nearby ancient monuments include Castlewitch Henge, with a diameter of 96 m and Cadsonbury Iron Age hillfort, as well as Dupath Well built in 1510 on the site of an ancient sacred spring. Callington was recorded in the Domesday Book (1086); the manor had four hides of land and land for thirty ploughs.
|
|
As well as basic implements such as ploughs, harrows and cultivators the range included a number of trailers and loaders, seed drills, a side-mounted baler, a very rare 'wraparound' combine harvester, a muck spreader, a sickle mower and a powered auger. With its Power take-off the tractor could also drive stand-alone equipment by belt or driveshaft, such as pumps, milking machinery or circular saws. Ferguson became well known for its effective and distinctive advertising, intended to demonstrate the abilities of the TE-20 tractor to farmers who previously had used only draft horses and had little experience with mechanised equipment.
|
|
On February 6, 1919 Theodor Valentin Jopp, manufacturer from Zella-Mehlis, Thuringia, bought from lawyer Franz Mauer the monastery mill „house with attached turbine facility with generators“ located at Spörleinstraße in Bad Neustadt and founded the company JOPP. Whereas it had been agreed upon the premises fast, there was additional need for clarification with regard to the generation of electricity, since the electricity was needed for nocturnal illumination of the town. At the beginning, bike parts were produced. For autumn sowing in 1920, JOPP recommended its customers sowing machines, harrows, ploughs, food cutting machines and bicycles.
|
|
Weston Coyney is identified in the Domesday Book as a manor called Westone or West Town in lands belonging to Robert de Stafford and held by Ernulf de Hesding. The land was recorded as being mostly woodland but with enough arable land to require three ploughs. At some time during the 13th century, during the reign of Henry III the manor of Westone had passed to the Coyney family who held the manor for several hundred years. In the 17th century the Coyneys built Weston Coyney Hall as the family residence and continued to live there until 1910.
|
|
Although there are references to the borough that predate the Domesday Survey it is not mentioned by name in the survey. However, its existence within the manor of Ulvritone is evident from the massive rise in value of that manor at a time when most manors were worth less than in Saxon times. In 1086 the Domesday Book assesses the borough as having land for 12 ploughs, 2 mills, woodland for 25 pigs, 11 villeins (resident farmhands, unfree peasant who owed his lord labour services), 11 bordars (unfree peasants with less land than villans/villeins), and 51 enclosures (private parks) rendering 70s 7d.
|
|
Cuddington lay within the Copthorne hundred, a strategic and judicial division predominantly used in Anglo Saxon England to supplement the county and parish (see vestry). In the Middle Ages the estates of Cuddington extended over , the southern part being upon the chalk downs, the centre on the Woolwich and Thanet beds, the rest upon the London clay. There was no ecclesiastical parish; the land was taxed with Ewell, but separately rated, with its own overseers. It appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Codintone. Its domesday assets were: 5 hides; 1 mill worth 3 shillings; and 9 ploughs.
|
|
In 1822, workmen were ploughing in a field at Warren Farm when they found that their ploughs were repeatedly striking stones beneath the surface. Removing the topsoil, they discovered three large stones several inches below. The farm's owner, George Fowle of Cobtree Manor, called in two men from Maidstone to inspect the monument: the antiquarian and historian Clement Taylor Smythe, and Thomas Charles, a doctor who lived in Maidstone and who had founded a museum at Chillington House. With Smythe present, the workmen removed the soil around the three stones, also revealing a smaller stone as part of the construct.
|
|
In the Domesday Book it is recorded that there were 17 inhabitants in Wythmail and was assessed for 2½ hides; the village was also recorded as having a priest, however the manor was certainly included as part of Orlingbury.An Inventory of Archaeological Sites in Central Northamptonshire (1979) HMSO, page 118, Records of 1220 rate the village as having 12 ploughs and it was mentioned in the Nomina Villarum of 1316. A manorial chapel was referenced here in 1357. The village was assessed in conjunction with Orlingbury in the 1334 Subsidy Returns and in the 1377 Poll Tax.
|
|
Earlier ploughs were simply large hoes for stirring the soil, drawn by animals, that left furrows suitable for distribution of seed by hand. The Board of Agriculture was established by Act of Parliament in 1889. Although rationing during the First World War was limited to the end of 1917 and 1918, a change of mood arose about food security, and the Ministry of Food was created in 1916. There was a national feeling that a man who had fought for his country should be entitled to retire to a smallholding on British land that would provide him with a livelihood.
|
|
The 1086 Domesday Book entry for the very large manor of Nimetone, with land for 52 ploughs, is listed as one of 24 holdings of the Bishop of Exeter, and was held by him in demesne. It does not mention Whitechapel or any sub-manors within Nimetone.Thorn, part 1, 2,21 The first record of Whitechapel as a member of the manor of Nymeton Episcopi (Latin for "Nympton of the Bishop") is in the records of Feudal Aids, where it is called in French La Chapele and in Latin Alba Capella ("White Chapel")Feudal Aids , Vol.1, p.
|
|
On 18 March 1785 he took out a patent for tempering cast iron ploughshares by wetting the mould with salt water. This was followed in 1803 by an important invention in connection with ploughs: the chilling of the underside of ploughshares by casting them on an iron mould, the upper part of the mould being of sand. In this manner the underside of the share was chilled and made harder than steel, while the upper part remained soft and tough. The upper part wearing away faster than the lower, a sharp cutting edge was thus maintained, and less draught required.
|
|
Medea's heart floods with the sweet pain of love. Aetes however is filled with rage when his grandsons ask him to hand the Golden Fleece to Jason for return to Iolcus. He accuses them of conspiring with foreigners to steal away his kingdom. Jason delivers a soothing speech and Aetes responds with a mock compromise – he can have what he came for if he first ploughs the Plain of Ares with fire-breathing oxen, next sows four acres with dragon's teeth and finally cuts down the crop of armed men before they can cut him down.
|
|
The other industry is the Ndume Farm Machineries, which manufactures farm equipment, especially maize milling machines and ploughs. The towns population has grown considerably since 2007 as many of the internally displaced people fleeing post-election violence after the 2007 presidential election opted to settle in GilGil and Naivasha. These populations have significantly expanded the farming activities in the towns outskirts. The community also hosts two large Kenya Defence Forces (KDF) barracks, the headquarters of Kenya Police Service's Anti-Stock-Theft unit (4 kilometres northwest of the town centre) and the National Youth Service training college (to the west of the town).
|
|
Text of Exeter Domesday Book of 1086, under the heading: "Land of the Bishop of Coutances in Devrescira", regarding the manor later called "Molland-Champson" The text of the Exeter Domesday Book of 1086, under the heading: "Land of the Bishop of Coutances (i.e. Geoffrey de Montbray) in Devrescira" is as follows (English translation): > The bishop has a manor called "Mollanda" which Ulwena held TRE and it paid > geld for ½ hide. This 4 ploughs can till. Drogo holds it of the bishop. > Thereof Drogo has 1 virgate and 1 plough in demesne and the villeins 1 > virgate and 1 plough.
|
|
Artist's rejuvenation of work of life-size brass with enamel in the parish church Stoke D'Abernon appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as the manor of Stoche (derived from the common Anglo-Saxon word stoc, implying a holy place). Its assets were: 2 hides, 2 virgates and 5 acres (making about 1.11 km2 in all); 1 church, 2 mills worth 13s, 4 ploughs, 6 oxen, of meadow, woodland worth 40 hogs. It rendered £5 per year to its feudal system overlords.Surrey Domesday Book During the reign of Edward the Confessor, the manor was held by his servant, Bricsi Cild.
|
|
The gromatici, the Roman equivalent of rod men, placed rods and put down a line called the rigor. As they did not possess anything like a transit, a civil engineering surveyor tried to achieve straightness by looking along the rods and commanding the gromatici to move them as required. Using the gromae they then laid out a grid on the plan of the road. The libratores then began their work using ploughs and, sometimes with the help of legionaries, with spades excavated the road bed down to bedrock or at least to the firmest ground they could find.
|
|
Single-sided ploughing in a ploughing match The first mould-board ploughs could only turn the soil over in one direction (conventionally to the right), as dictated by the shape of the mould board. So a field had to be ploughed in long strips, or lands. The plough was usually worked clockwise around each land, ploughing the long sides and being dragged across the short sides without ploughing. The length of the strip was limited by the distance oxen (later horses) could comfortably work without rest, and their width by the distance the plough could conveniently be dragged.
|
|
Coggeshall is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Cogheshala. The Manor of Coggeshall was owned by a Saxon freeman named Cogga, and at the time of its entry there was "a mill; about 60 men with ploughs and horses, oxen and sheep; woodland with swine and a swineherd, four stocks of bees and one priest". William the Conqueror gave the Manor to Eustace, the Count of Boulogne. The modern history of Coggeshall begins around 1140 when King Stephen and his queen Matilda, founded Coggeshall Abbey, a large Savigniac abbey with 12 monks from Savigny in France,Greatorex, Jane (1999).
|
|
Excavation of the Tarxien temples. Photo by Themistocles Zammit, 1915 The large stone blocks were discovered in 1914 by local farmers ploughing a field. After the accidental discovery of the nearby Tarxien hypogeum in 1913, the proprietor of the land underneath which the temples were buried figured that the large stones that were continually struck by workers' ploughs may also have had some archaeological value. On that notion, he contacted the director of the National Museum, Themistocles Zammit, who began to dig even on his first inspection of the site, where he discovered the center of the temple compound.
|
|
Thatching at work in Bladen Valley, Briantspuddle The first known reference to the village can be found in the Geld, an assessment made for land tax purposes in 1083. The village was then known as "Pidele" and was held by a priest named Godric. The village was later mentioned in the Domesday Book in 1086 as having "land for three ploughs, a mill, thirty eight acres (15 ha) of meadow, of woodland, eleven furlongs (2.2 km) of pasture in length and 12 in width." This was valued at £4 and Godric was in charge of "about a dozen people who worked the land".
|
|
This library also responds to requests from around the world concerning equipment and history of the South African Armour Corps. "Hull-Down" was officially opened on 2 September 1999 by Brig Gen Fido Smit (Honorary Colonel 1 Special Service Battalion) and houses additional equipment and training aids that cannot be housed in the museum building due to limited space. Armour Museum Lesakeng Within the lines of the School of Armour and 1 South African Tank Regiment, some sixty plus armoured, tracked and wheeled vehicles are displayed. Other equipment such as guns, radar, mine rollers and ploughs are also displayed.
|
|
England's growing wealth was critical in allowing the Norman kings to project power across the region, including funding campaigns along the frontiers of Normandy. At Christmas 1085, William ordered the compilation of a survey of the landholdings held by himself and by his vassals throughout the kingdom, organised by counties, a work now known as the Domesday Book. The listing for each county gives the holdings of each landholder, grouped by owners. The listings describe the holding, who owned the land before the Conquest, its value, what the tax assessment was, and usually the number of peasants, ploughs, and any other resources the holding had.
|
|
In addition, Davidson notes that Zealand is the most fertile region of Denmark. Davidson further links folk customs recorded in the 19th century involving ploughs in Northern and Eastern Europe to practices involving Gefjon from the heathen period. Davidson points out that in eastern Europe, a custom is recorded in Russia where women with loosened hair and clad in white would assemble and drag a plough three times around their village during serious disease outbreaks. In Western Europe, yearly ploughing rituals occurring in England and Denmark in preparation for spring sowing which are, in eastern England, held on Plough Monday after the Christmas break.
|
|
Truthwall is a hamlet southeast of Crowlas in the civil parish of Ludgvan, west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.Ordnance Survey get-a-map SW5273432369 (Another settlement by the name of Truthwall is situated on the B3306 between St Just and Pendeen in west Cornwall OS SW3680432465.) In the Domesday Book of 1086 Truthwall was held by the church of St. Michael i.e. the Priory of St Michael's Mount. Before 1066 it had been held by Brictmer. There were 2 hides of land which never paid tax and land for 8 ploughs. There were 1 plough, 1 villein, 2 smallholders, 10 acres of pasture, 4 cattle and 60 sheep.
|
|
Howse brand modular subsoiler mounted to a tractorModular subsoiler unit, unmounted with accessoriesA subsoiler or flat lifter is a tractor-mounted farm implement used for deep tillage, loosening and breaking up soil at depths below the levels worked by moldboard ploughs, disc harrows, or rototillers. Most such tools will break up and turn over surface soil to a depth of , whereas a subsoiler will break up and loosen soil to twice those depths. The subsoiler is a tillage tool which will improve growth in all crops where soil compaction is a problem. In agriculture angled wings are used to lift and shatter the hardpan that builds up due to compaction.
|
|
The opening volley of "You Got It Going On," "Long Time Coming" and "Nowhere" ploughs forward with an intensity befitting a band half their age." AllMusic highlighted the song as one of a number of tracks where the band "sound like they're having a blast, with Nielsen's guitar roaring at every turn, and Zander sounding playfully horny". American Songwriter noted Zander's "powerful" vocals, and noted the song as an example of Nielsen "prov[ing] himself the king of power pop/rock hooks". The review added: "...the simplistic lyrics won't win any Pulitzer Prizes but as pedal to the metal rockers go, it leaves most poseurs half their age in the dust.
|
|
This type of wheeled plough made seed placement more consistent throughout the farm as the blade could be locked in at a certain level relative to the wheels. A disadvantage to this type of plough was its poor maneuverability. Since this equipment was large and led by a small herd of oxen, turning the plough was difficult and time-consuming. This caused many farmers to turn away from traditional square fields and adopt a longer, more rectangular field to ensure maximum efficiency. Ard (plough) (5th century) Medieval plough and oxen team While ploughs have been used since ancient times, during the medieval period plough technology improved rapidly.
|
|
Lanza was born in the Piedmontese city of Casale Monferrato. He studied medicine at Turin, capital of the Kingdom of Sardinia, then returned to Casale where he divided his energies between practising medicine and developing his 33 hectare estate in nearby Roncaglia. He studied and wrote on agriculture developments in both the practical and social aspects. Lanza was among the first in Monferrato to introduce modern equipment as iron ploughs and seed drills, and also involved himself in the agricultural education of poor children, hoping to achieve at once “the betterment of our agriculture and the moral and intellectual betterment of our agricultural workers.”.
|
|
' 'But I did harp them all asleep, An managed my business cunninglie; If ye make light o what I say, Come to my stable an ye'll see. 'My music pleasd the king sae well Mair o my harping he wishd to hear; An for the same he paid me well, And also for my gude grey mare.' Then he drew out a gude lang purse, Well stored wi gowd an white monie, An in a short time after this The Wanton Brown he lat them see. Sir Roger produced his ploughs o land, Sir Charles produced his thousand pounds, Then back to Henry, the English king, Restored the stately Wanton Brown.
|
|
Ritchie Brothers 1890-1950 Robert Fergus Ritchie started the business at Auburn in 1890. By 1893 it was managed by the Ritchie Brothers and prospered until the late 1950s as a manufacturer of railway rolling stock and agricultural implements, farming machinery & implements including ploughs, harrows, wool and hide presses. Also army hospital wagons In the 1940s Ritchie Brothers built carriages, for the New South Wales Government Railways including American suburban carriages, Bradfield suburban, Silver City Comet, 500 class trailers and 72 foot carriages.C3082 1921 Ritchie Bros Wooden Bradfield Motor Car Sydney Electric Tram SocietyTAM504 Office of Environment & Heritage It also built D and N class trams for the Sydney tram network.
|
|
A depiction of the Royal Ploughing Ceremony by Saya Chone, a painter at the royal court Lehtun Mingala ()Also known as Mingala Ledaw () or Ledwin Mingala. \- the Royal Ploughing Ceremony was an annual festival of breaking ground with ploughs in the royal fields east of the royal capital, to ensure sufficient rainfall for the year by propitiating the Moekhaung Nat, who was believed to control rain. The ceremony was traditionally linked to an event in Gotama Buddha's life. During King Suddhodana's royal ploughing of the fields, the infant Buddha rose to stand, sat cross-legged and began to meditate, underneath the shade of a rose apple tree.
|
|
The various clans were merged into the existing communities and the new monastery had invested "for the benefit of communities", in production of agricultural tools, "ploughs, saddles, and livestock bells." During the Frankish period (1192–1489) the Knights Templar implemented the feudal system to the island and abolished the privileges of the monastery. The locals had rebelled and Franks, in order to suppress the rebellion, applied the (military feudalism) Commandry (feudalism) in the village and generally in Pitsilia. The uprising resulted in the execution of 13 monksorthodox church calendar: Feast Day – May 19 and the complete destruction of the villages Rogkia and Kalamithasa as other small settlements.
|
|
Before leaving, Mackay commissioned a painting which portrays the family as highlanders departing Scotland in tartans and travel attire, stocked with sheep, calves, poultry, ploughs and other accoutrements required for starting a new life in a distant land. Arriving in Nelson in January 1845, Mackay established a farm in Wakapuaka, which he named Drumduan. He also had a town house, a sheep-run in the Wairau after 1847, and in 1852 he established a cattle and sheep-run in Golden Bay in conjunction with his eldest son James Mackay junior. Mackay soon became actively involved with local affairs, joining institutions and voicing his opinion at public meetings.
|
|
Odhran may have moved to Clonmacnoise to help secure burial rights in Clonmacnoise for Mag Raghnaill of Conmaicne Réin. There was an alleged controversy between Fearghal Ua Ruairc, King of Connaught (died A.D. 964 ), and Brian mag Raghnaill, a successor of Eolais mac Biobhsach. Mag Raghnaill complained he had no place for a tomb at Clonmacnoise, unlike Fearghal Ua Ruairc, and so bestowed "48 ploughs" of Kiltoghert land to the bishop of Clonmacnoise in exchange for a burial right. It is tempting to suppose the appearance of Odhran Ua hEolais, an outsider, at Clonmacnoise is related to such matters if true, but O'Donovan raises doubts about this O'Rourke connection.
|
|
Ancient Egyptian ard, c. 1200 BC. (Burial chamber of Sennedjem) Filipino water buffalo-drawn ploughs used for rice-farming (1873) Some ancient hoes, like the Egyptian mr, were pointed and strong enough to clear rocky soil and make seed drills, which is why they are called hand-ards. However, domestication of oxen in Mesopotamia and the Indus valley civilization, perhaps as early as the 6th millennium BC, provided mankind with the draft power needed to develop the larger, animal-drawn true ard (or scratch plough). The earliest surviving evidence of ploughing, has been dated to 3500–3800 BCE, on a site in Bubeneč, Czech Republic.
|
|
Most British ploughs are designed to turn a furrow of up to about a foot deep, which is relatively shallow compared to some other countries, where furrows of up to 16 inches are common. Other machines used to prepare land include cultivators (to break up land too heavy for a normal plough), harrows (to level the surface of ploughed land), rolls or rollers (used for firming the soil), sprayers and dusters (used to spread herbicides, fungicides, insecticides and fertilisers). Reaping is the process of harvesting a crop. Traditionally reaping was done with the scythe and reaping hook, but in Britain these have been entirely superseded by machinery.
|
|
The Indigenous peoples also received a $1500 grant every year to spend on ammunition and twine in order to make fish nets. As well, each family was to be given an entire suite of agricultural tools including spades, harrows, scythes, whetstones, hay forks, reaping hooks, ploughs, axes, hoes, and several bags of seed. They were also to acquire a cross-cut saw, a hand saw, and a pit-saw, files, a grindstone, an auger, and a trunk of carpenter's tools. Additionally, they were to receive wheat, barley, potatoes, oats, as well as four oxen, a bull, six cows, two sows, and a hand-mill.
|
|
Mañón belongs to the Ferrolterra region of Ortegal and it is made up by five parishes, with 2,032 inhabitants, who are disseminated over its 82.1 km². This council forms a narrow and long band of land that joins mountain, river and sea. The fertile freshwater of the river Sor ploughs its rugged lands from south to north. Granite Coast; typical of Galicia Remains of a dolmen in Pena Branca The mountainous alignments of the Serra da Faladoira and Serra da Coriscada, the valleys of the Sor river and its estuary, and the peninsula that forms Estaca de Bares offers a very attractive landscape and of exceptional natural value.
|
|
When Josh begins violin lessons and constantly talks about a woman named Katrina Riley (Jane Conroy), Melissa is quick to accuse him of cheating on her with another girl. Melissa tracks down Katrina and realizes she is much older than Josh and has worried for nothing. After a runaway truck ploughs into the Andersons' newsagents, Josh and his family are left homeless and jobless with the prospect of having to return to Mildura, which Josh does not really want as he has made friends and is settled in Erinsborough. Jim (Alan Dale), Todd's uncle agrees to let Josh stay at Number 26 and share a room with Todd.
|
|
South of Broad Street, east of Wood Street Village on a farm in Broad Street Common are ruins of a Roman Villa – for further details see the Guildford article, as it is directly by the major town's western edge however in this parish. Worplesdon has a Grade I C of E church, St Mary's with a 13th-century chancel and later additions.St Mary's Church Worplesdon Parish Local Church of England website Worplesdon's single manor appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Werpesdune held by Turald (Thorold) from Roger de Montgomery. Its domesday assets were: 6½ hides; a church, 9 ploughs, a mill worth 2s 6d, of meadow, wood worth 60 hogs.
|
|
St. Laurence Church was in recorded as in the parish of Cowley in the 1086 Domesday Book along with the parish land owned by Westminster Abbey, valued as worth to its lord two pounds per year in 1066 and at one pound ten shillings in 1086. Its independent male householders were two villagers, one cottage-owner with one cultivated ploughland for one lord's plough team. Lord's lands (also referred to as a manorial park) took up 1.5 ploughs of land, and meadow land half a plough. The woodland was worth forty pigs (per year) and a mill was worth for five shillings per year.
|
|
Mole ploughs are usually trailed and pulled by a crawler tractor, but lighter models for use on the three-point linkage of powerful four-wheel drive tractors are also made. A mole plough has a strong frame that slides along the ground when the machine is at work. A heavy leg, similar to a sub-soiler leg, is attached to the frame and a circular section with a larger diameter expander on a flexible link is bolted to the leg. The bullet-shaped share forms a tunnel in the soil about 75 mm diameter and the expander presses the soil outwards to form a long-lasting drainage channel.
|
|
The powerful stellar winds from the two stars collide in a roughly conical WWC zone and produce temperatures as high as at the apex between the two stars. This zone is the source of the hard x-rays and gamma-rays close to the stars. Near periastron, as the secondary ploughs through ever denser regions of the primary wind, the colliding wind zone becomes distorted into a spiral trailing behind Eta Carinae B. The wind-wind collision cone separates the winds of the two stars. For 55–75° behind the secondary, there is a thin hot wind typical of O or Wolf–Rayet stars.
|
|
Acton appears in the Domesday Book of 1086; it was held by Earl Morcar before the Conquest and afterwards by William Malbank, first baron of Wich Malbank (Nantwich). One of the largest and wealthiest townships in the Nantwich Hundred, the Domesday Book mentions a manor, mill, land for thirty ploughs, 10 acres of meadow, a strip of woodland 6 leagues in length, a hawk's eyrie and a salt house in Nantwich. The total value before 1066 was £10;Morgan, chapter 8, paragraph 16 for comparison, Nantwich was then valued at the same sum.Morgan, chapter 1, paragraph 1 Acton had one of the largest areas of meadow in Cheshire at this time.
|
|
Despite most population growth taking place around the Industrial Revolution, Featherstone traces its history back much further than this. The Domesday Book (1086) records "In Ferestane [Featherstone] and Prestone [Purston] and Arduwic [Hardwick] and Osele [Nostell], Ligulf had 16 carucates of land for geld, and 6 ploughs may be there."Lorenzo Padgett. Chronicles of Old Pontefract facsimile published by Old Hall Press, Leeds 1993. Original published by Oswald Holmes, "Advertiser" Office, 1905 It is thought that a local public house, the Traveller's Rest, can trace its origins to the 17th century whilst the former Jubilee Hotel, a listed building now converted to apartments, once provided a resting place for wealthy Victorians and their horses.
|
|
Under the heading Terra(e) Ep(iscop)i Constantiensis ("Lands of the Bishop of Coutances" (Geoffrey de Montbray (died 1093)) and under the sub heading Infra scriptas t(er)ras tenet Drogo de Ep(iscop)o ("The undermentioned lands Drogo holds from the Bishop"), is the following entry for Raleigh, 28th of 99 Devon holding of the Bishop (translated into English): "Raleigh. Brictric held it before 1066. It paid tax for 1/2 hide. Land for 4 ploughs. In lordship 1 plough; 4 slaves; 1 virgate, 4 villagers and 4 smallholders with 1 plough and 1 virgate; meadow 2 acres; pasture 5 acres; woodland 30 acres; 2 cattle; 30 sheep; 16 goats. Value formerly and now 30 shillings".
|
|
The Domesday Book 1086, which was a survey for taxation purposes, makes the first known distinction between the parishes of Great and Little Bookham, if it is assumed that there was no separate parish at the time of the charter of Edward the Confessor in 1062. Driteham and Pechingeorde are both referred to in the Domesday Book and appear to have been absorbed into the manors of Effingham and Effingham East Court. Great Bookham appears in Domesday Book as Bocheham.St Nicolas church history It was held by St Peter's Abbey, Chertsey. Its Domesday Assets were: 13 hides; 1 church, 1 mill worth 10s, 20 ploughs, of meadow, woodland and herbage worth 110 hogs.
|
|
Original products included the manufacture of stump-jump implements, strippers, windmills, pumps, horse-rakes, wheat separators, ploughs, harrows, scarifiers, and other agricultural and general implements. The firm later produced tramcars and railway rolling stock, assembled Ford Model Ts, and manufactured a range of stationary engines. It manufactured over 600 O class trams,Toastrack O-class tram used in Sydney, 1909 Powerhouse Museum which were not only used in Sydney, but also Brisbane, Melbourne, Ballarat and Bendigo. It manufactured many different types of rolling stock such as brake vans, coal wagons, Bradfield suburban carriages, 12 wheel carriages for the New South Wales Government Railways and sleeper carriages for the Trans-Australian Railway in 1915.
|
|
Pevsner's Buildings Of England Skeeby was recorded as Schirebi in the Domesday Book – the description being: "In Skeeby there are six carucates and there could be four ploughs there". In other early references to the village it is known as Schireby in the 11th century, Scythebi and Scideby in the 12th century, Schideby, Skitteby and Skytheby in the 13th and 14th centuries and finally Skeitby or Skeby in the 16th century. The origins of Skeeby Bridge, over Gilling Beck, date from the early 14th century, the existing structure being a 17th-century Grade II listed structure that was widened by John Carr in 1781/2. The earliest remaining buildings in the village date from the 17th and 18th centuries.
|
|
165) wrote that Jesus made yokes and ploughs, and there are similar early references.Fiensy, 68–69 Joseph the Carpenter, by Georges de La Tour, c. 1645 Other scholars have argued that tekton could equally mean a highly skilled craftsman in wood or the more prestigious metal, perhaps running a workshop with several employees, and noted sources recording the shortage of skilled artisans at the time.Fiensy, 75–77 Geza Vermes has stated that the terms 'carpenter' and 'son of a carpenter' are used in the Jewish Talmud to signify a very learned man, and he suggests that a description of Joseph as 'naggar' (a carpenter) could indicate that he was considered wise and highly literate in the Torah.
|
|
Edward II agreed to a 13 year truce with Bruce in May 1323 and, three months later, Grey was given permission to go to Scotland to resupply Norham Castle with corn and ammunition and to replace its ploughs and carts which had been destroyed in the preceding years. He imprisoned 80 Scots at Norham who had, coming from overseas, landed at Lindisfarne and attempted to reach Scotland and on 2 October was ordered to send them to the Sheriff of York at York Castle. On 9 July 1325 Grey was ordered to accept back into the king's peace all those of Northumberland who had joined the Scottish through poverty or other urgent needs.
|
|
The Lochmaben Harper There was a jolly harper- man, That harped aye frae toun to toun; A wager he made, with two knights he laid To steal King Henry's Wanton Brown. Sir Roger he wagered five ploughs o land, Sir Charles wagered five thousand pound, And John he's taen the deed in hand, To steal King Henry's Wanton Brown. He's taen his harp into his hand, And he gaed harping thro the toun, And as the king in his palace sat, His ear was touched wi the sound. 'Come in, come in, ye harper-man, Some o your harping let me hear;' 'Indeed, my liege, and by your grace, I'd rather hae stabling to my mare.
|
|
They practised highly advanced and productive agriculture, using iron ploughs, irrigation, crop rotation, threshing machines, hand-driven rotary mills, and horse mills, the latter two being invented by the Carthaginians in the sixth and fourth centuries BC, respectively. Carthaginians were adept at refining and reinventing their agricultural techniques, even in the face of adversity. After the Second Punic War, Hannibal promoted agriculture to help restore Carthage's economy and pay the costly war indemnity to Rome (10,000 talents or 800,000 Roman pounds of silver), which proved successful.Pliny 33,51 Strabo reports that even in the years leading up to the Third Punic War, the otherwise devastated and impoverished Carthage had made its lands flourish once more.
|
|
Men wielded the plow, called a chakitaqlla. It was made of a pole about 2 m long with a pointed end of wood or bronze, a handle or curvature at the top, and a foot rest lashed near the bottom. The Inca Emperor and accompanying provincial lords used foot ploughs in the "opening of the earth" ceremony at the beginning of the agricultural cycle.Inca vessel in the form of a digging stick, Peru, 15th-16th century, exhibit at the British Museum referencing C. McEwan, Ancient American Art in Detail, London, The British Museum Press, 2009, (retrieved 16 February 2012) Incan agriculture used the chaki taklla or taklla, a type of foot plough.
|
|
Ngati Maniapoto resident hapu asserted their claim to the land, reclaiming some of the proceeds of the sale. The Maniapoto chiefs who claimed interest in the lands never supported selling land to Europeans. However, as the Church Mission Society were desperate to obtain goods such as carts, seeds, trees, ploughs and mills they sought lands in the district. The Government issued a grant for an area of some 800 acres of land at nearby Moeawha, and a further 100 acres at Awamutu, to the Church Mission Society, to support an Industrial school run by John Gorst and funded by governor George Grey to train Maori in tailoring, agriculture and repair of industrial goods.
|
|
The Iroquois taught the Palatines how to grow "the Three Sisters" as they called their staple crops of beans, corn and squash and where to find edible nuts, roots and berries. In return, the Palatines taught the Iroquois how to grow wheat and oats, and how to use iron ploughs and hoes to farm. As a result of the money earned from land rented to the Palatines, the Iroquois elite gave up living in longhouses and started living in European style houses, having an income equal to a middle- class English family. By the middle of the 18th century, a multi-cultural world had emerged with the Iroquois living alongside German and Scots-Irish settlers.
|
|
Stone Arthur is properly the south western ridge of Great Rigg, but was given the status of a separate fell by Alfred Wainwright in his Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells and that convention is followed here. His decision was based on it having a summit tor with"a short wall of rock like a ruined castle.".Alfred Wainwright: A Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells, Book 1: This outcrop appears particularly impressive from Grasmere village, from where the higher fells are hidden. From the top of Great Rigg the main ridge ploughs on due south, descending over the tops of Heron Pike and Nab Scar and carrying the ever popular Fairfield horseshoe walk.
|
|
The Ant had a long production run because, at the time, no other vehicle offered as much variety in terms of vehicle configuration for so many jobs. "Target customers in the UK were mostly local government agencies". The Ant was often sold as just a cab-and-chassis, allowing customers to fit whatever body they wanted, such as flat-beds, closed delivery vans, small water tankers, refuse collectors, street drain cleaners, snow ploughs, road sweepers and articulated tractor units. Although originally intended to be sold only outside the UK, councils in England, Wales and Scotland bought large numbers of Ants as roadsweeps in the 1970s and 1980s, along with other versions of the truck.
|
|
The proliferation of mines in the Caprivi and other rural areas posed a serious concern to the South African government, as they were relatively easy for a PLAN cadre to conceal and plant with minimal chance of detection. Sweeping the roads for mines with hand held mine detectors was possible, but too slow and tedious to be a practical means of ensuring swift police movement or keeping routes open for civilian use. The SADF possessed some mine clearance equipment, including flails and ploughs mounted on tanks, but these were not considered practical either. The sheer distances of road vulnerable to PLAN sappers every day was simply too vast for daily detection and clearance efforts.
|
|
Ursus C-360 tractor and mowing deck, attached by a three-point linkage and driven by a PTO shaft The three-point hitch (British English: three-point linkage) is a widely used type of hitch for attaching ploughs and other implements to an agricultural or industrial tractor. The three points resemble either a triangle, or the letter A. Three-point attachment is the simplest and the only statically determinate way of joining two bodies in engineering. A three-point hitch attaches the implement to the tractor so that the orientation of the implement is fixed with respect to the tractor and the arm position of the hitch. The tractor carries some or all of the weight of the implement.
|
|
At monumental level, they emphasize the prehistoric rest like mámoas of Estaca de Bares and the possibly prehistoric (built in Middle Age according to other sources) port; in addition to Roman necropolis in A Ponte do Porto. Some of its parochial churches are worthy of mention considering its rusticity and integration to the surroundings. Mañón has a very particular geographical structure and the river Sor ploughs deep valleys with plenty of vegetation, which contrasts with the leafy high areas of the mountain range. The serpent shapes drawn by the Sor and its tributaries along their courses form a succession of inserted meanders, which form valleys with a lot of vegetation, where we can see rapid and beautiful waterfalls.
|
|
Ockham has been occupied since at least the middle bronze age (c.1500-1100 BC), evidenced by the so-called 'Ockham Hoard'. a collection of bronze-age objects discovered in 2013 during building works at the former Hautboy Inn.,Williams, D. (2013) 'A Middle Bronze Age Hoard from Ockham', Surrey Archaeological Society Bulletin 441Ockham Hoard record, Portable Antiquities Scheme as well as the existence of a, relatively uncommon, bell barrow on Cockcrow Hill.Bell barrow on Cockcrow Hill, Historic England List Entry Summary 1012204 Ockham appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Bocheham. Held by Richard Fitz Gilbert, its domesday assets were: 1½ hides, 1 church, 2 fisheries worth 10d, 3 ploughs, of meadow, woodland worth 60 hogs.
|
|
The village lay in Wallington hundred and until the 19th century was in secular and ecclesiastical terms a large parish in its own right. Wallington was for centuries a manor in Beddington parish and although known as a shorthand for the area stretching from Cheam to Addington and from Chaldon to Mitcham (inclusive). Wallington superseded Beddington's former area almost completely in the early 20th century. The settlement appears in the Domesday Book as Beddinton(e) held partly by Robert de Watevile from Richard de Tonebrige and by Miles Crispin. Its Domesday Assets were: 6 hides; 1 church, 14 ploughs, 4 mills worth £3 15s 0d, of meadow, woodland worth 10 hogs per year.
|
|
If the second element is the dialect lag meaning a long, narrow marshy meadow, then the name means 'Morta's meadow'.Ekwall, Eilert, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names, p.331. Mortlake lay in the hundred of Brixton, which faded into obscurity. According to the Domesday Book, the manor and parish of Mortlage was held by Archbishop Lanfranc of Canterbury when its assets were: 25 hides; 1 church, 2 mills worth £5, 1 fishery, 33 ploughs, of meadow, wood worth 55 hogs. It rendered a large £38 plus 4s 4d from 17 houses in London, 2s 3d from houses in Southwark and £1 from tolls at Putney per year to its feudal system overlords.
|
|
According to the history of the Clapham family, maintained by the College of Heralds, in 965 King Edgar of England gave a grant of land at Clapham to Jonas, son of the Duke of Lorraine, and Jonas was thenceforth known as Jonas "de [of] Clapham". The family remained in possession of the land until Jonas's great-great grandson Arthur sided against William the Conqueror during the Norman invasion of 1066 and, losing the land, fled to the north (where the Clapham family remained thereafter, primarily in Yorkshire). Clapham appears in Domesday Book as Clopeham. It was held by Goisfrid (Geoffrey) de Mandeville, and its domesday assets were 3 hides; 6 ploughs; and of meadow.
|
|
There were 30 villagers and they together with 12 bordars (cottagers or small holdersBordar is the English translation of the latin word bordarius, which is the standard word used in Domesday Book for a villein of the lowest class, holding a cottage and some land at the will of the lord of the manor in return for work or services which he was obliged to render on the manor) had 20 ploughs. There were 3 slaves. There were 2 mills, worth 14s 8d a year, meadow for 7 ploughteams (generally taken as needing 8 oxen each) and woodland sufficient for 1,000 pigs. In total it paid £47 a year in white silver, less 16d.
|
|
In the smelting process of using huge bellows driven by waterwheels, massive amounts of charcoal were used in the production process, leading to a wide range of deforestation in northern China. However, by the end of the 11th century the Chinese discovered that using bituminous coke could replace the role of charcoal, hence many acres of forested land in northern China were spared from the steel and iron industry with this switch of resources. Iron and steel of this period were used to mass-produce ploughs, hammers, needles, pins, nails for ships, musical cymbals, chains for suspension bridges, Buddhist statues, and other routine items for an indigenous mass market.Ebrey, Cambridge Illustrated History of China, 144.
|
|
In the 1940s the roads that become Secondary Highways were only dirt trails. Farmers would have to use axes to clear the brush of the boreal forest from the road allowance, and use plows and machinery pulled by horses to maintain the roads and fill in low spots that filled with water during spring melt and summer rains. These were not all weather roads, there were no snow ploughs to keep the roads clear over the winter months, so in the 1950s the larger farm trucks could only make it through a few months of the year. By 1957, the road saw an application of gravel to the surface, and was graded.
|
|
In 1595 or 1599, Maloji Bhosle, the grandfather of Shivaji, was given the title of "raja" by Bahadur Nizam Shah II, the ruler of the Ahmednagar Sultanate. On the recommendation of Nizam's Vazir, Malik Ambar, Maloji was granted the jagir (fiefdom) of the Pune and Supe parganas, along with the control over the Shivneri and Chakan forts. In 1630–31, Murar Jagdeo Pandit, a general of Adil Shahi of Bijapur attacked Pune and razed it to the ground by using ass-drawn ploughs, as a symbol of total dominance. Soon afterwards, Shahaji, the son of Maloji, joined the service of Adil Shahi, and got his family's jagir of Pune back in 1637.
|
|
Within this work, Lucretius makes reference to the cultural and technological development of humans in his use of available materials, tools, and weapons through prehistory to Lucretius's own time. He specifies the earliest weapons as hands, nails, and teeth. These were followed by stones, branches, and, once humans could kindle and control it, fire. He then refers to "tough iron" and copper in that order, but goes on to say that copper was the primary means of tilling the soil and the basis of weaponry until, "by slow degrees", the iron sword became predominant (it still was in his day) and "the bronze sickle fell into disrepute" as iron ploughs were introduced.
|
|
The first premiums (prizes) offered by the MSPA were $50 for "the most satisfactory account of the natural history of the canker-worm" and $100 for the cheapest and most effective method of eradicating it. Premiums were also offered for the cultivation of wheat and other grains; the improvement of land, including the reclamation of salt marshes; the raising of trees; the greatest stock maintained on the least land; the best vegetable food for wintering stock; the most and best wool from a given number of sheep; the best process for making cider, maple sugar, butter, cheese, flax, and salted provisions; and for the best farm journals, manures, tree plantations, advances in ploughs and ploughing techniques, and farms in general.
|
|
There is no set template for what such a vehicle will look like, yet likely features include a large dozer blade or mine ploughs, a large calibre demolition cannon, augers, winches, excavator arms and cranes or lifting booms. These vehicles are designed to directly conduct obstacle breaching operations and to conduct other earth-moving and engineering work on the battlefield. Good examples of this type of vehicle include the UK Trojan AVRE, the Russian IMR, and the US M728 Combat Engineer Vehicle. Although the term "armoured engineer vehicle" is used specifically to describe these multi- purpose tank based engineering vehicles, that term is also used more generically in British and Commonwealth militaries to describe all heavy tank based engineering vehicles used in the support of mechanized forces.
|
|
It had an explosive impact, providing unprecedented agricultural productivity in India and turned the country from a food importer to an exporter. Yet the Green Revolution also caused agricultural prices to drop, which damaged India's small farmers. India's agricultural sector today still faces issues of efficiency due lack of mechanization with poorer conditions of farmers, as well as small farm sizes. In India traditional agriculture is still dominant as many farmers depend on livestock in crop production, for manure as fertilizers, and the use animal powered ploughs. According to 2011 statistics, the average farm in India is about 1.5 acres, minuscule when compared the average of 50 hectares in France and or 178 hectares in United States and 273 hectares in Canada.
|
|
German railroad plough in action, Belarus (1944) German railroad plough in Italy (1944) A similar device, which ripped the rail off the ties, had been used by railway troops of the Imperial Russian Army in World War I, during their retreat from Galicia and Poland. Railroad ploughs were in use by the Czechoslovak Army during the German occupation in 1938,Pre-war fortification of Czechoslovakia in Czech Switzerland (entry for 24 September 1938) (Retrieved: 15 November 2007) and by German Wehrmacht armed forces retreating northward through Italy and westward from the Eastern Front in World War II. The German author Arno Schmidt (1914–1979) in his post-war novel Leviathan uses the image of a railroad plough as a symbol of evil.
|
|
He wrote that he could not understand why "a villain who has been guilty of every enormity, should feel shame at having his back scratched with the cat-o-nine- tails when he felt none for his atrocious crimes." He also claimed that "if a man is too sick to work he is too sick to eat" and claimed that the queue at the hospital was halved. Although his punishments were harsh, he replaced hand hoeing with ploughs, rewarded good behaviour with improved jobs and gave older convicts lighter work. He earned the ire of the soldiers on the island by ordering the destruction of huts built on the small gardens they kept for their own use and for trafficking with the convicts.
|
|
Winsford Hill is the location of the Wambarrows, a number of Bronze Age burial sites, and Road Castle an Iron Age bank and ditch approximately west from the village. The ditch is almost square in plan with rounded corners and covers an area of approximately . The area is home to the Caratacus Stone, a standing stone believed to have been erected by pagan inhabitants of the village, possibly as a religious memorial, bearing the inscription CARAACI NEPUS (kinsman of Caratacus) possibly from the 5th century, and first documented in 1219. The village appears in the Domesday Book of 1085, which lists the presence of 34 smallholders, 41 villagers, 52 sheep and 9 slaves, the whole area being capable of supporting 64 ploughs, despite of it being woodland.
|
|
His blacksmith's workshop was of such quality that it produced machinery such as improved earth scoops for tank making, water wheels, ten furrow reversible ploughs, and combine harvesters. The headstation also featured wheelwright's and carpenter's shops, as well as an oil driven dynamo that produced electricity for the house and machine sheds. The orchard was based on 30 cm of river sand packed at the bottom of trenches a meter deep. The majority of North Yanco, about 68,000 acres, was sold to the government for 3/10/- pounds an acre to construct the first stage of the MIA in June 1911. Sir McCaughey retained a life tenancy for 28,000 acres to the south of the Narrandera-Yanko railway allowing him to continue to reside at North Yanko.
|
|
Within a year of the signing of Treaty 1, word reached Governor Archibald that the Swampy Cree and Anishinabe peoples were declaring that some of the treaty terms were not being fulfilled. Known as the “Outside Promises”, numerous items the indigenous peoples were promised beyond the written text of the treaty had not been provided to them yet. These items included distinguished clothing for Chiefs and their councilors, farming supplies such as ploughs, and animals like oxen and cows for their agricultural needs. While a new commissioner was appointed to deal with the needs of the indigenous peoples in the area and the issue was brought to court, the federal government did not resolve the “Outside Promises” until April 30, 1875, seven years later.
|
|
A number were captured from Kuwaiti Army stocks by the Iraqi Army in 1990, and subsequently used by them in the same conflict. It was reported that they disabled a number of M60 Patton tanks and other armoured vehicles belonging to the United States Marine Corps, even when these were fitted with mine-clearing ploughs. Unless the plough struck the mine squarely in the centre, the mine would often be rotated into a position in which it would pass between the tines of the plough, then blow up the track and front roller of the tank. The British Army has since been using bar mines simply as breaching frame charges, for instance to blow holes in tough compound walls in Afghanistan and Iraq.
|
|
The village lay within the Tandridge hundred, of greatest use in the Anglo- Saxon Kingdom of England and it continues to form a parish in the church of England until its church became appropriated by that of Tatsfield.Tatsfield St Mary Church of England. Retrieved 31 December 2013 The eastern parish boundary follows the London to Lewes Way Roman road which descends the escarpment of the North Downs here, crossing two important ancient east–west routes, the North Downs ridgeway and the Pilgrims Way on the lower slopes.Margary (1948: 130) Titsey appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as a village: Ticesei held by Haimo the Sheriff (of Kent) when its assets were: 2 hides; 1 church, 9 ploughs, pasture worth every seventh hog of the villains.
|
|
By the time John's son Stanley Chivers took over the company after the First World War they had become an integrated farming operation to supply the factory; the Chivers family regarded themselves as farmers, with the factories as a secondary enterprise. Plums and other soft fruit were grown for jam and canned fruit and formed the bulk of the farmland, but pedigree cows and pigs were raised and corn grown to make manure, with silage and hay for winter animal feed. Poultry were kept in the orchards to manure the land, fed on their own wheat, with eggs used to make lemon curd in the factory. Percheron horses were added to pull carts and ploughs, but the family were also early users of tractors.
|
|
The machine then slows down and a plough-shaped arm is deployed which ploughs out the sugar from the sides of the centrifuge from the top to the bottom onto a conveying plant underneath where it is transported into a rotating granulator where it is dried using warm air. The high green syrup is fed to a raw sugar vacuum pan from which a second batch of sugar is produced. This sugar ("raw") is of lower quality with more colour and impurities, and is the main source of the sugar dissolved again into the mother liquor. The syrup from the raw (Low green syrup) is boiled for a long time in AP Pans and sent to slowly flow around a series of about eight crystallizes.
|
|
41 most probably in lands now between the cities of Porto in Portugal, in the south, and Pontevedra in Galicia, in the north. Soon Braga would become their capital, and their domain later expanded into Astorga, and in the region of Lugo and in the valley of the Minho river, with no evidence suggesting that the Suevi inhabited any other cities in the province prior to 438.Thompson, Romans and Barbarians, 83 The initial relation between Gallaeci and Suevi were not as calamitous as sometimes suggested,Donini and Ford, Isidore,40 as Hydatius mentions no conflict among the locals between 411 and 430. Furthermore, Orosius affirmed that the newcomers "turned their swords into ploughs" once they received their new lands.
|
|
At the time of the Norman conquest, Leeds was evidently a purely agricultural domain, of about in extent. It was divided into seven manors, held by as many thanes; they possessed six ploughs; there was a priest, and a church, and a mill: its taxable value was six pounds. When the Domesday records were made, it had slightly increased in value; the seven thanes had been replaced by twenty- seven villains, four sokemen, and four bordars. The villains were what we should now call day-labourers: the soke or soc men were persons of various degrees, from small owners under a greater lord, to mere husbandmen: the bordars are considered by most specialists in Domesday terminology to have been mere drudges, hewers of wood, drawers of water.
|
|
Known in Saxon times as Essovre (possibly 'beyond the ash trees' or 'ash tree slope'), Ashover was probably in existence during the first taxation survey of England by King Alfred in 893. However, the first written reference to the village occurs in the Domesday Book of 1086, in which Ashover is owned by Ralph fitzHubertRalph fitzHubert held a considerable number of manors including several in Derbyshire given to him by the King. These included obviously Ashover but also included lands in Eckington, Barlborough, Whitwell, Stretton, Stoney Middleton, Crich, Ogston, Ingleby, Wirksworth and Hathersage and is credited with a church, a priest, several ploughs, a mill. It had previously had a taxable value of four pounds, but it was revalued at thirty shillings.
|
|
The physical structure of the Ekur included shrines and storehouses where foreigners brought offerings. These included the shrines of Enlil's wife Ninlil (her chamber, the Gagisua is described as the place where they lived happily together) and their sons, Nanna and Ninurta along with the house of his vizier Nuska and mistress Suzianna. Descriptions of these locations show the physical structures about the Ekur, these included an assembly hall, hut for ploughs, a lofty stairway up a foothill from a "house of darkness" considered by some to be a prison or chasm. It also contained various gates such as the gate "where no grain was cut", the "lofty gate", "gate of peace" and "gate of judgement", it also had drainage channels.
|
|
Steam traction engine at Mt Warrenheip near Ballarat Fowler self-contained motor plough Between 1850 and 1864 Fowler took out in his own name and in partnership with other persons thirty-two patents for ploughs and ploughing apparatus, reaping machines, seed drills, traction engines, slide valves, the laying of electric telegraph cables, and the making of bricks and tiles. By 1858 Fowler had forty sets of ploughing tackle in use, and by 1861 he had one hundred sets working. From 1860 the manufacture of the ploughing machinery was carried out by the firm of Kitson and Hewitson of Leeds. Fowler inspired many industrialists, such as Julius Kemna (who he cooperated with), to build (and later improve) his revolutionary steam-based machines.
|
|
Parish Church in Seaton Ross The village was recorded in the 11th century Domesday Book using its original name of Seaton (or Settone). This name was derived from the old English words 'Sea' - meaning a body of water, and 'Ton'- meaning an enclosure or farmstead. The 'body of water' probably refers to the marshes around the village and towards Holme upon Spalding Moor, itself built on a marsh, which have largely been drained and cultivated since that time. Aside from recording the village's name the book also shows that the area was an established manor before Norman times, paying a very large amount of tax in comparison to its size, saying; 'Settone : Gamel had 1 manor of 4 carucates for geld and 2 ploughs can be there'.
|
|
Despite a period of social unrest, caused by a really bad winter, high prices for coal, and food riots, Robert's son James James Ransome (1782–1849) served his apprenticeship in the foundry, and then moved to Great Yarmouth to start his own business. As a result of a mishap in his foundry in 1803, when a broken mould caused molten metal to come into contact with cold metal, making the metal surface extremely hard, Robert discovered the process of chilled casting. He used it to refine the manufacture of plough shares, which he advertised as 'self sharpening' ploughs, and obtained a patent for his discovery. His next patent was obtained in 1808, and was for the standardisation of plough fittings, enabling parts to be easily replaced when they wore out.
|
|
River Meon and High Street There are Bronze Age burial barrows within the parish of East Meon which date back to around 2000 BC. There is also an Iron Age fort, situated just outside the parish boundaries on Old Winchester Hill, constructed approximately 500 years before the Romans invaded Britain. There is also evidence of Roman occupation in and around the village. East Meon itself may have started life somewhere between 400 and 600 AD. Then it was part of a Royal Manor belonging first to King Alfred the Great who left it in his will to his youngest son Aethelweard (c.880-922). The Domesday Survey of 1086 shows that the Manor then belonged to William the Conqueror; it records six mills and land for 64 ploughs.
|
|
Many Spring line settlements by springs in Anglo-Saxon England were founded at the foot of dry valleys such as here and Effingham, Bookham, Cheam, Sutton, Carshalton, Croydon and Bromley. A relic from this period is a 7th-century brooch found in Epsom and now in the British Museum. Chertsey Abbey, whose ownership of the main manor of Ebbisham was confirmed by King Æthelstan in 933, asserted during its Middle Ages existence that Frithwald and Bishop Erkenwald granted it 20 mansas of land in Epsom in 727. Epsom appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Evesham, held by Chertsey Abbey. Its domesday assets were: 11 hides; 2 churches, 2 mills worth 10 shillings, 18 ploughs, of meadow, woodland worth 20 hogs; altogether it rendered £17 per year to its overlords.
|
|
The Old Timers describes with small line drawings by Carr how people lived: how they built houses, wells and cyclone shelters; the domestic implements they used such as table lamps, coffee grinders and hand irons; the weather and terrible winters they endured; the children and how they were taught, played and dressed; and the machinery used on the farm such as ploughs and a stone-boat for hauling large rocks. Carr wanted to record the lives of the homesteading pioneers of the prairie before it was all forgotten. The credit for the book states: "Written in Huron, State of South Dakota, by J.L. Carr of Kettering, the United Kingdom, as a service to the people of the prairie states". The copyright pages states: "Copyright James Carr, 1957, All Rights reserved".
|
|
The ceremony was held at the beginning of June, at the break of the southwest monsoon. For the ceremony, the king, clad in state robes (a paso with the peacock emblem (daungyut)), a long silk surcoat or tunic encrusted with jewels, a spire-like crown (tharaphu), and 24 strings of the salwe across his chest, and a gold plate or frontlet over his forehead) and his audience made a procession to the leya (royal fields). At the ledawgyi, a specially designated plot of land, milk-white oxen were attached to royal ploughs covered with gold leaf, stood ready for ploughing by ministers, princes and the kings. The oxen were decorated with gold and crimson bands, reins bedecked with rubies and diamonds, and heavy gold tassels hung from the gilded horns.
|
|
If the oxen had been turned right at the end of the furrow, they would immediately have had to turn right again down the returning furrow, making the line of oxen cut across the top of the ploughed strip and thus pulling the plough out of the ground before it reached the end of the furrow, as well as having potential difficulty from two adjacent lines of oxen moving in opposite directions. Alternatively, if lined up rightwards along the headland, some would already be past the beginning of the new furrow, and these would have to be moved awkwardly sideways into the furrow to be ready to plough. Turning to the left made one turn at a time and avoided a sideways move. As oxen became larger and ploughs more efficient, smaller teams were needed.
|
|
He raised funds to pay for American- built Harley-Davidson motorcycles that were then plentifully available second- hand, and persuaded workers to make the sidecars free of charge with the results being sent out to Spain. Pyke also assisted in arranging for the manufacture of mattresses for the Spanish government, for the collection of redundant horse-drawn ploughs for Spanish farmers, and bundles of hand-tools for use by labourers. He published aggressive propaganda brochures pointing out that British workers were not to consider their contributions a form of charity while Spanish people were fighting and dying for their fellow workers. To answer a shortage of bandages and dressings in Spain, he suggested that sun-dried peat moss sewn into muslin bags could be used as a substitute for cotton dressings.
|
|
Clifton is mentioned as Cliftone in the Domesday book The entry reads ‘In Cliftone Escelf has seven carucates of land…where four ploughs may be…’The manor was one of two hundred manors granted by William the Conqueror to the Norman noble, Ilbert de Laci. The early Lords of the Manor lived at Clifton Hall (which was down Well Lane) and Cross Hall (later called Highley Hall). Remnants of the early ‘strip’ farming remain in the fields known as ‘The Acres’.. The parish was recorded on 1 July 1837 as part of the Halifax Registration District. It was abolished as a distinct parish on 1 April 1937 and merged with the neighbouring parishes of Brighouse, Cleckheaton, and Liversedge, the village of Clifton becoming part of the Borough of Brighouse.
|
|
The iron ore and the coal that are being mined to-day will come together in blast furnaces and steel mills some weeks or months hence ; the resulting steel will be fashioned into axes, ploughs, building frames, etc., some weeks or months after it has been reduced to ingots or rolled into bars ; these steel products will contribute to the satisfaction of the wants of consumers at a still later period. The average time taken, as production is now organised in the United States, to convert raw material into consumable commodities cannot be accurately measured, but it is certain that it runs into months and probable that it exceeds a year. The vast majority who are at work on any given day help to produce materials or unfinished commodities.
|
|
The Firm's Agricultural Implements were exported globally to the Dutch East Indies and Colonies of Australia and New Zealand. William Ball's 1862 Catalogue of Agricultural Implements details the most important Agricultural Implements being the Patent Criterion Prize Plough, The Royal Society's First Prize Wagons and Carts, Ridging and Double Ploughs, Leverage Scarifiers, and Iron Harrow. Ball's Criterion Plough was the only Plough to have taken a First- class Medal at each of the three Great Exhibitions (England, Ireland & France), received Eight Prizes from the Royal Agricultural Society of England, Two Best Plough Silver Medals from the Staffordshire Agricultural Society and First Prizes from Agricultural Societies in Australia and New Zealand. The Criterion Prize Colonial Plough was 'made to meet the requirements of colonists, for breaking up roots and stones, and bringing new land into a state of cultivation.
|
|
The first written record of Thames Ditton is in a charter dated 983 when King Æthelred the Unready granted to Æthelmær, his minister, nine hides (cassati) at Thames Ditton, Surrey. In The Cartulary of the Abbey of Eynsham Transaction, King Æthelred sent to Eynsham Abbey confirmation of the foundation (in 1005) by Æthelmær, the endowment including 20 hides at Esher, Surrey (granted by Beorhthelm, bishop, to Æthelweard, and bequeathed by Æthelweard to his son, Æthelmær); and land at Thames Ditton, Surrey, among several other items. Two Dittons appear in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Ditone and Ditune. Under the Normans, the one now identified with Thames Ditton was held by Wadard from the Bishop of Bayeux. Its Domesday assets were: 2½ hides; part of a mill worth 1s 3d, 1½ ploughs, of meadow, woodland worth 20 hogs. It rendered £4.
|
|
After the trees were cleared, horse-drawn ploughs broke up the softer earth, while horse-drawn scoops, wheelbarrows or mining trolleys on portable lengths of track removed the overburden. "Tumbling tommies", small scoops that were towed behind the crawler tractors, were used later on. The significance of the project to Queensland's unemployment relief efforts was so great that the Queensland Governor, Sir Leslie Wilson, even visited for lunch, viewing progress on the road at No. 3 Camp, after travelling by train to Moongobulla and then up to the site. In keeping with one of the main purposes of the road and as construction continued, a series of guesthouses and camping grounds were established along its length due to the beauty of the scenery, with Barrett's Guesthouse providing for the single male workers and visitors to the construction site.
|
|
There are hand ploughs with stout wooden shafts and several large metal sieves used for sifting the soil. There are traditional costumes too, and there are faded old photographs of the village men resplendent in their vrakas and stout leather boots and the women in dresses of striped hand-woven cotton with matching headscarves and large protective aprons. The villagers would wear these costumes for all big celebrations and would weave the cloth on large wooden looms like the one that stands proudly in the corner, as well as making colourful rugs for the walls and floors of their homes. Outside the museum, a traditional clay bread oven can be seen with its smaller side oven that is used to cook the popular local dish kleftiko, which is chunks of lamb that are baked slowly in terracotta pots with marjoram.
|
|
While many sources refer to the five sub-groups of the Vishwakarma as artisans, historian Vijaya Ramaswamy believes that the Vishwakarma of the medieval period should be distinguished as craftsmen, arguing that "... while every craftsman was an artisan, every artisan was not a craftsman". Ramaswamy notes that the socio- economic and geographic stability of a medieval village-based maker of ploughs differed considerably from that of the various people who banded together as Vishwakarma and lived a relatively itinerant lifestyle that was dependent on the "temple economy" that waxed and waned as dynasties such as the Vijayanagar Empire were formed and disintegrated. The latter group, who did work in proximity to each other while constructing and embellishing temples, had opportunities for socio-economic advancement but also bore the risks of withdrawal of patronage and changes in religious focus.
|
|
However, this classic study of problems of the peasants of Bengal has not only a historical value, but also present relevance. It is true that during the last seventy years since its first publication, the oppressive powers of the zamindars have been legally abolished; and many measures beneficial to the cultivators have been enacted .But the plight of the farmers has not changed substantially. The author had the vision to suggest that a policy of improvement and diversification of agriculture supplemented by gradual industrialization in relieving the pressure on the soil can lead to the solution of the problems faced by the tiles of the soil The present day researchers, policymakers, statesmen and those who are actively engaged in the amelioration of the lives of the men behind the ploughs may immensely benefit from this book.
|
|
The Barque of Dante (), also Dante and Virgil in Hell (Dante et Virgile aux enfers), is the first major painting by the French artist Eugène Delacroix, and is a work signalling the shift in the character of narrative painting, from Neo-Classicism towards Romanticism. The painting loosely depicts events narrated in canto eight of Dante's Inferno; a leaden, smoky mist and the blazing City of the Dead form the backdrop against which the poet Dante fearfully endures his crossing of the River Styx. As his barque ploughs through waters heaving with tormented souls, Dante is steadied by Virgil, the learned poet of Classical antiquity. Pictorially, the arrangement of a group of central, upright figures, and the rational arrangement of subsidiary figures in studied poses, all in horizontal planes, complies with the tenets of the cool and reflective Neo-Classicism that had dominated French painting for nearly four decades.
|
|
Esher lay within the Saxon feudal division of Elmbridge hundred. Esher appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Aissela and Aissele, where it is held partly by the Abbey of the Cross in Normandy; partly by William de Waterville; partly by Reginald; partly by Hugh do Port; and partly by Odard Balistarius (probably a crossbowman). Its domesday assets were: 14 hides, 6 ploughs and of meadow. It rendered £6 2s 0d per year to its feudal overlords.Surrey Domesday Book In the 16th century King Henry VIII annexed several of the manors to the Honour of Hampton Court to form a royal hunting ground, and new residences were permitted by a number of wealthy courtesans. Esher's town slowly grew as a stagecoach stop on the London–Portsmouth road that was later numbered the A3, although it was bypassed in the mid-1970s when it became the A307.
|
|
Arjun MK-II trials had already begun in August 2013. The improved features of the MK-II version of Arjun are night vision capabilities with a thermal imaging system for detecting all kinds of missiles, Explosive Reactive Armour (ERA), mine ploughs, the ability to fire anti-tank missiles with its 120 mm main gun, an Advanced Air Defence gun capable of shooting down helicopters with a 360-degree coverage, Automatic Target Tracking (ATT) lending a greater accuracy when it comes to moving targets and superior Laser Warning and Control systems. The Indian Army will upgrade its entire Boyevaya Mashina Pekhoty-2 (BMP-2)/2K infantry combat vehicle (ICV) fleet to enhance their ability to address operational requirements. Upgrades include integration of the latest generation fire control system, twin missile launchers and commander's thermal imaging panoramic sights, anti- tank guided missiles, as well as automatic grenade launchers.
|
|
The electoral ward of New Cross (red) within the London Borough of Lewisham (orange) The area was originally known as Hatcham (the name persists in the title of the Anglican parishes of St. James, Hatcham along with its school, and All Saints, Hatcham Park). The earliest reference to Hatcham is the Domesday Book of 1086 as Hacheham. It was held by the Bishop of Lisieux from the Bishop of Bayeux. According to the entry in the Domesday Book Hatcham's assets were: 3 hides; 3 ploughs, of meadow, woodland worth 3 hog and rendered £2. Hatcham tithes were paid to Bermondsey Abbey from 1173 until the dissolution of the monasteries. A series of individuals then held land locally before the manor was bought in the 17th century by the Haberdashers' Company, a wealthy livery company that was instrumental in the area's development in the 19th century.
|
|
The village Nordfeld is described in the Domesday Book as having a priest as well as seven villeins, sixteen bordars, six cottars, who shared enough land for thirteen ploughs, two serfs and a bondswoman (a slave). St. Laurence's Church, Northfield dates from the 12th century, nearby is the Great Stone Inn with a medieval timber framed hall and the 17th Century village pound where stray animals were kept; the large rock in the pound, a glacial "erratic" (see Geology below), was formerly in the road at the corner of the inn, and was used as a mounting-block by horse- riders; it was removed in the interests of road safety in the 1950s. The area round the church, the inn and the pound are a conservation area because of their historic importance. A local joke describes Northfield as "where they sell beer by the Stone and ale by the Pound".
|
|
Various classes and uses of vehicle are exempt, including electrically propelled vehicles, vehicles older than 40 years (see below), trams, vehicles which cannot convey people, police vehicles, fire engines, ambulances and health service vehicles, mine rescue vehicles, lifeboat vehicles, certain road construction and maintenance vehicles, vehicles for disabled people, certain agricultural and land maintenance vehicles, road gritters and snow ploughs, vehicles undergoing statutory tests, vehicles imported by members of foreign armed forces, and crown vehicles. Each year on 1 April, vehicles constructed more than forty years before the start of that year become eligible for a free vehicle licence under "historic vehicle" legislation. This is due to the age of the vehicle and a presumption of limited mileage. Initially this was a rolling exemption applied to any vehicles over 25 years old, however in 1997 the cutoff date was frozen at 1 January 1973.
|
|
Ashur-Dan II (935–912 BC) oversaw a marked economic and organisational upturn in the fortunes of Assyria, laying the platform for it to once again forge an empire. He is recorded as having made successful punitive raids outside the borders of Assyria to clear Aramean and other tribal peoples from the regions surrounding Assyria in all directions. He concentrated on rebuilding Assyria within its natural borders, from Tur Abdin to Arrapha (Kirkuk), he built government offices in all provinces, and created a major economic boost by providing ploughs throughout the land, which yielded record grain production. Shalmaneser III (858–823 BC) had his authority challenged by a large alliance of a dozen nations, some of which were vassals, including; Babylonia, Egypt, Elam, Persia, Israel, Hamath, Phoenicia, the Arabs, Arameans, Suteans and Neo-Hittites among others, fighting them to a standstill at the Battle of Qarqar.
|
|
Neolithic flints have been found and there are several round barrows on the heaths; such as the Bee Garden in rolling Albury Bottom, a scheduled ancient monumentthe Bee Garden, Ancient Earthwork by Staple Hill in Albury Bottom, Chobham and the "Herestraet or Via Militaris" of the Chertsey Charters ran through Chobham parish. In 1772 Roman silver coins of Gratian and of the time of a Valentinian, and copper coins of a Theodosius, Honorius, and another Valentinian, a spear-head and a gold ring, were found near Chobham Park in the parish. The village lay within the Godley hundred, a Saxon administrative area. Chobham appears in Domesday Book as Cebeham held by Chertsey Abbey, as it was at the time of the conquest, with interests also acquired by the time of its survey, 1086, by two minor Norman figures, possibly bishops, Corbelin and Odin. Its Domesday assets were: 10 hides; 1 church, 1 chapel, 16 ploughs, of meadow, woodland worth 130 hogs.
|
|
At first, the Neolithic was associated with shifting subsistence cultivation, where continuous farming led to the depletion of soil fertility resulting in the requirement to cultivate fields further and further removed from the settlement, eventually compelling the settlement itself to move. In major semi-arid river valleys, annual flooding renewed soil fertility every year, with the result that population densities could rise significantly. This encouraged a secondary products revolution in which people used domesticated animals not just for meat, but also for milk, wool, manure and pulling ploughs and carts – a development that spread through the Eurasian Oecumene. The earlier neolithic technology and lifestyle were established first in Western Asia (for example at Göbekli Tepe, from about 9,130 BCE), and later in the Yellow River and Yangtze basins in China (for example the Pengtoushan culture from 7,500 BCE), and later spread. Mesopotamia is the site of the earliest developments of the Neolithic Revolution from around 10,000 BCE, with civilizations developing from 6,500 years ago.
|
|
The name was chosen by Scottish Canals at the inception of The Helix project, in 2005. The Kelpies name reflected the mythological transforming beasts possessing the strength and endurance of ten horses; a quality that is analogous with the transformational change and endurance of Scotland's inland waterways. The Kelpies represent the lineage of the heavy horse of Scottish industry and economy, pulling the wagons, ploughs, barges, and coalships that shaped the geographical layout of the Falkirk area. According to sculptor Andy Scott, "The original concept of mythical water horses was a valid starting point for the artistic development of the structures." He also said that he “took that concept and moved with it towards a more equine and contemporary response, shifting from any mythological references towards a socio-historical monument intended to celebrate the horse’s role in industry and agriculture as well as the obvious association with the canals as tow horses”.
|
|
Of the château and the park, which stretches far and gets lost in the greenery of the valley, nothing reveals the wine-growing industry yet this industry is present on a large scale with very happy results in quality and in quantity. Behind the curtain of tall trees there are cellars arranged with the utmost care, storehouses packed with wine, presses, and vats prepared to receive the harvest, stables for horses and oxen, sheds for wagons, ploughs, and all the tools of the winemaker. Then, extending to the horizon, there are fields planted with vines spaced regularly and standing five or six feet high, supported by stakes which are called here, I am told, carassons (vine stakes). Each vine, towards the base of the stock where the branches are fastened and there are new shoots for the year, is surrounded by a belt of rough clusters of blue-black velvet that indicates impending maturity and the next harvest.
|
|
Richard Lefebvre des Noëttes (1856–1936) was a French officer and early historian of technology. After his early retirement from the French army in 1901, Lefebvre devoted his time to technological studies, then quite a new field, becoming a main proponent of the negative impact of slavery on technological progress in classical antiquity. Although dissenting voices emerged as early as the 1930s, his primitivist views of ancient traction technology met with considerable success in the 1950s and 1960s when authorities like the medievalist Lynn White and the sinologist Joseph Needham, but also many classicists, relied rather uncritically on his research. He was also a good friend of Jean Francois Champollion Based on a thorough reexamination of the pictorial evidence, much of it not available in Lefebvre's time, as well as experimental archaeology, modern scholars like Georges Raepsaet have refuted Lefebvre's findings, particularly his glaring underestimation of the capacities of ancient horse-drawn ploughs and carriages.
|
|
The growing agricultural activity in southern Ontario and Quebec provided the basis for farm mechanization and the manufacturing industry to meet the demand for agricultural machinery. The area around Hamilton had become attractive for iron and steel industries based on railway construction and the source of this raw material made the same area attractive to aspiring farm implement manufacturers. By about 1850 there were factories producing ploughs, mowers, reapers, seed drills, cutting boxes, fanning mills threshing machines and steam engines, established by entrepreneurs including the well known Massey family, Harris, Wisner, Cockshutt, Sawyer, Patterson, Verity and Willkinson. Although the industry was located mostly around Hamilton there were other smaller manufacturers in other locations including, Frost and Wood of Smith Falls, Ontario, Herring of Napanee, Ontario Ontario, Harris and Allen of Saint John and the Connell Brothers of Woodstock, both in New Brunswick and Mathew Moody and Sons of Terrebonne and Doré et Fils of La Prairie both in Quebec.
|
|
IDF Puma combat engineering vehicle Modern engineering AFV's utilize chassis based on main battle tank platforms: these vehicles are as well armoured and protected as tanks, designed to keep up tanks, conduct obstacle breaching operations to help tanks get to wherever it needs to be, perform utility functions necessary to expedite mission objectives of tanks, and to conduct other earth-moving and engineering work on the battlefield. These vehicles go by different names depending upon the country of use or manufacture. In the United States the term "combat engineer vehicle (CEV)" is used, in the United Kingdom the term "Armoured Vehicle Royal Engineers (AVRE)" is used, while in Canada and other commonwealth nations the term "armoured engineer vehicle (AEV)" is used. There is no set template for what such a vehicle will look like, yet likely features include a large dozer blade or mine ploughs, a large calibre demolition cannon, augers, winches, excavator arms and cranes, or lifting booms.
|
|
Pollen analyses confirms the Iron Age as a period of intense deforestation in Galicia and Northern Portugal, with meadows and fields expanding at the expense of woodland. Using three main type of tools, ploughs, sickles and hoes, together with axes for woodcutting, the Castro inhabitants grew a number of cereals: (wheat, millet, possibly also rye) for baking bread, as well as oats and barley which they also used for beer production. They also grew beans, peas and cabbage, and flax for fabric and clothes production; other vegetables were collected: nettle, watercress. Large quantities of acorns have been found hoarded in most hill-forts, as they were used for bread production once toasted and crushed in granite stone mills.”the mountaineers, for two-thirds of the year, eat acorns, which they have first dried and crushed, and then ground up and made into a bread that may be stored away for a long time.” (Strabo III.
|
|
The initial verses (1 to 14) of Ray Two () have the region of Mithilā, the city of Janaka and the place of Puṇyāraṇya as their subject. In verses 15 to 23, the manifestation of Sītā on Sītānavamī day as Janaka ploughs the fields of Puṇyāraṇya is described. The festivities in Mithilā come next (verses 24 to 28), followed by the description of the infant's features by the women of Mithilā (verses 29 to 31). Verses 32 to 35 deal with the infant Sītā in the care of Janaka and his wife Sunainā. The beauty of the baby and her activities are described in verses 36 to 45. Verse 46 is about her Annaprāśana ceremony. Two more verses on the child's charm (47 and 48) are followed by her Karṇavedha rite (verse 49), and then another five verses on Sītā's playful activities (50 to 54). Verse 55 describes Sītā with her three sisters (Māṇḍavī, Ūrmilā, and Śrutikīrti) and eight companions.
|
|
The Celtic Social Club is a musical band formed in 2013 and led by Manu Masko. The band is formed by a group of Bretons and Scots musicians, members of The Silencers, Red Cardell and Ronan Le Bars Group with guests related to the world Celtic, inspired by their elders of the Buena Vista Social Club and the New Orleans Social Club which aims to popularise Celtic music by opening it to current music. The music of The Celtic Social Club is a contemporary adaptation of traditional Celtic tunes performed by a group of seven musicians and guests chosen for their diverse backgrounds such as Rock, Folk, Blues, Reggae or Hip Hop. Seduced by the idea, several actors (a festival, a concert hall, a booking agency and a record label) have joined together to produce an album and a show that is the new creation of the Vieilles Charrues Festival (Old Ploughs Festival), the largest music festival in France, for its 2014 edition .
|
|
An Object 279 prototype on display at the Kubinka Tank Museum One of the reasons that this tank project was abandoned, as with other heavy tank projects, was that the Soviet military stopped operating with heavy fighting vehicles of that type, tanks and similar, as of 1960. Since then, the heaviest ones are kept at about 50 metric tons of weight, that is without counting in any extra equipment such as additional reactive armor, mine clearing devices (mine ploughs, mine rollers) etc. On July 22, 1960, at the demonstration of new technology on the range of Kapustin Yar, Nikita Khrushchev strictly forbade any tanks with a weight of more than 37 metric tons to be adopted by the military, having thus written off the entire program of heavy tanks that had proven to be so successful. Adding to this decision was that Nikita Khrushchev himself was a supporter of an alternative – guided missile tanks, the most prominent of which was IT-1.
|
|
Two-wheel tractor in Italy (2008) ; Grillo: Grillo spa began in the Romagna region in the early 1950s developing a farm hoe for weeding in fruit orchards. In 1953 the first Grillo walking tractor was born. The Grillo winning idea was to detach the motorized tractor from the attachments. It became possible to fit tines, ploughs, and trailers, and via fitting a water pump it was possible to irrigate. In 1955 the factory started the first series production of 15 different models per year. In 1957 "Grillo" became the name of the factory (formerly Pinza) and a brand. In the late 1960s, Grillo formed a technology-sharing venture with the Italian manufacturer BCS, with the goal of expanding their versatility in implement types to include mowing and other front-PTO applications. The two companies worked together until the early 1980s. In the 1980s the company experienced a considerable growth in garden machines, and also in lawn-care equipment; In that decade the Grillo research and development department created the first Italian lawnmower with a double hydrostatic system.
|
|
I curse them gangand > [going], and I curse them rydand [riding], I curse thaim standand, and I > curse thaim sittand; I curse them etand [eating], I curse thaim drinkand, I > curse thaim walkland, I curse thaim sleepand, I curse thaim rysand, I curse > thaim lyand; I curse thaim at hame, I curse thaim [..away..] fra hame, I > curse them within the house, I curse thaim without the house, I curse thair > wiffis, thair barnis [children], and thair servandis participand with thaim > in thair deides. I wary [curse] thair cornys, thair catales, thair woll, > thair scheip, thair horse, thair swyne, thair geise [geese], thair hennys, > and all thair quyk gude [livestock]. I wary thair hallis, thair chalmeris > [rooms], thair kechingis, thair stanillis [stables], thair barnys, thair > biris [byres], thair bernyardis, thair cailyardis [vegetable-patches], thair > plewis [ploughs], thair harrowis, and the gudis and housis that is necessair > for their sustentatioun and weilfair. The Monition not only curses the Reivers themselves, but their horses, their clothing, their crops, and all who aid them in any way.
|
|
Round, King's serjeants. pp. 6–8. The historian Mary Bateson stated as follows concerning serjeanties: > (They) were neither always military nor always agricultural, but might > approach very closely the service of knights or the service of farmers ... > The serjeanty of holding the king's head when he made a rough passage across > the Channel, of pulling a rope when his vessel landed, of counting his > chessmen on Christmas day, of bringing fuel to his castle, of doing his > carpentry, of finding his pot-herbs, of forging his irons for his ploughs, > of tending his garden, of nursing the hounds gored and injured in the hunt, > of serving as veterinary to his sick falcons, such and many others might be > the ceremonial or menial services due from a given serjeanty. The varieties of serjeanty were later increased by lawyers, who the sake of convenience categorised under this head such duties as escort service to the Abbess of Barking, or of military service on the Welsh border by the men of Archenfield.
|
|
At the beginning stage the district was composed of 26 rural communities (so called selsoviet) with general area of 620 km2. Later 108 populated places were united into 34 communities (30 Polish, 2 Ukrainian, 2 German). In percentage relation the population consisted of 68.8% of Polish people, 19.2% of Ukrainians, 8.8% of Germans, 2.5% of Jews, 0.5% of Russians. In 1932 the number of communities increased to 38 with 34 being Polish. Official opening ceremony of the district took place on 27 March 1926 with participation of Felix Dzerzhinsky, Feliks Kon, Samuil Lazovert, Boleslav Skarbek, Józef Unszlicht at the First district congress of Soviets (27-30 April 1926) where in total took part 103 delegates and 500 visitors. The newly created district received valuable presents: from Moscow Factory "Tribuna" were 2 tractors with ploughs, from "Pratsia" association – radio receivers, from Polish department of the People's Commissariat of Enlightenment of the Ukrainian SSR – otoscopes. In 1927 took place the Second congress of Soviets of Marchlewski District at which were present Tomasz Dąbal, Samuil Lazovert, Boleslav Skarbek. During celebration of the 10th Anniversary of 1917 October Revolution the Polish District was visited by Polish delegation.
|
|
Sifeng Model 12 HP 2WT with 5.6 tonnes of rice, Bangladesh A Changzhou Hengfeng Two-wheel tractor ('Walking Tractor') in Hsipaw (Myanmar). Research has identified a number of terms used to identify two-wheel tractors, including "walk-behind tractor; iron-ox; walking tractor; mechanical ox; ox- machine; pedestrian tractor; hand tractor; single-axle tractor; and in Asia, tok-tok". There is also a fair bit of confusion in nomenclature regarding machines of similar size/configuration, that operate a single implement (such as power tillers; rear-tine tillers; rotary hoes; rotary ploughs; rotary tillers; Rotavators; etc.) The important distinction between a two-wheel tractor and any of these machines is that the two-wheel tractor is a single- axle, walk-behind machine designed to operate multiple interchangeable implements, where machines in the categories above typically only operate one implement (such as a tiller), which implement is often integral to the machine (rather than being removable). "Power tiller" can be understood as a garden tiller/rototiller of the small () petrol/gasoline/electric powered, hobby gardener variety; they are often sold as a rotary tiller, though the technical agricultural use of that term refers solely to an attachment to a larger tractor.
|
|