A member of the phylum Cnidaria, it's a relative of jellyfish.
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The yeast you would encounter in foods belong to the former phylum.
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Then there are the bryozoans, a phylum of animals all its own.
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Like Morris, Robinson belongs to a different phylum of RB than Ellington and McKinnon.
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Pectinatella magnifica are members of the phylum Bryozoa, which dates back roughly 500 million years.
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Cephalopods, which include octopi, cuttlefish, and squid, belong to the Mollusca phylum, are chiefly identified by their tentacles.
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The researchers have proposed that they belong to a new phylum, which they called Tectomicrobia, meaning hidden microbes.
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Insects share many characteristics with crustaceans, which are coveted and esteemed; both are members of the phylum Arthropoda.
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"Based on what we know about extant and extinct microinvertebrates, S. dominicana appears to represent a new phylum," Poinar said.
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Their Phylum is Arthropoda and their Order is Araneae, similar to the name Wilbur gives to one of Charlottes's children.
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Instead change happens very quickly where 20003 percent of all phylum are created within 5 percent of the fossil record.
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Mollusks, a phylum that includes such spineless creatures as sea worms and octopuses, may seem a strange choice for MICRO's debut.
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The body invading organism seen above appears to be a horsehair worm aka a Gordian worm which is in the phylum Nematomorpha.
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Think of it like the animal or plant classification charts from your grammar school days: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
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The cnidaria is a phylum, or category of life broader than species, distinguished by their cnidocytes—special cells they use for capturing prey.
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The California lake is just one of several extreme locales where researchers have spotted nematodes, the phylum all eight worm species belong to.
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Both they and jellyfish belong to the phylum of animals known to zoologists as Cnidaria, the characteristic feature of which is stinging cells called nematocysts.
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The good news was my gut microbal diversity increased a stunning 20%, including some totally novel African microbes, such as those of the phylum Synergistetes.
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The animal is a salmon parasite called Henneguya salminicola, and it is a member of the phylum Cnidaria, which also contains jellyfish and sea anemones.
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But as long as we're being pedantic, keep in mind that fish can't all be lumped into any single taxonomic category like phylum, class, order, or family.
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New non-invasive sampling for DNA analysis with scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging and molecular techniques revealed the fungus Eurotium halophilicum from the phylum Ascomycota in the foxing spots.
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Ms. Roberts had provided the class with a handout titled "Poems on Phylum Arthropoda," which included "Carpenter Bee" by Natasha Tretheway and "Ode to the Maggot" by Yusef Komunyakaa.
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The worms — of the phylum Onychophora, they are cousins of arthropods and somewhat resemble caterpillars — have a "beautiful blue velvety texture" and "cute little stubby antennae," Dr. Latty said.
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Worms named after the Roman god with the giant erectionImage: Shunkina Ksenia/Wikimedia CommonsPriapulida is a whole phylum, the second largest grouping of species after kingdom, of dick-like animals.
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"Those creatures are in a phylum all by themselves with three other things and have been on their own path of evolution for 400 or 500 million years," he said.
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Paul Bartels gets a rush every time he discovers a new species of tardigrade, the phylum of microscopic animals best known for being both strangely cute and able to survive the vacuum of space.
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I think Austin might be a sneaky member of the Antonio Brown phylum, and while, no, I don't think Case Keenum and eventually Jared Goff will be good, they only need to be good enough.
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Previously, scientists had designated Hemimastigophora at the level of phylum (below kingdom), but the new study suggests they belong to a distinct supra-group, or a "novel supra-kingdom-level lineage of eukaryotes," in the words of the researchers.
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For roughly the last 40 years, McKay explains, scientists believed that microbial metabolisms involving methane, like methanogenesis, which these tiny organisms perform to survive, were isolated to a narrow branch on the tree of life: a single archaeal phylum called Euryarchaeota.
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I think he belongs to the Antonio Brown phylum: players like Brown, Beckham, Brandin Cooks, and Tyler Lockett (he's not a bad candidate, either) who are impossibly quick and fast, and who can play on the outside despite their lack of size.
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The Sphingobacteria (FCB group) includes Bacteroidetes, Calditrichaeota, Chlorobi, candidate phylum Cloacimonetes, Fibrobacteres, Gemmatimonadates, candidate phylum Ignavibacteriae, candidate phylum Latescibacteria, candidate phylum Marinimicrobia, and candidate phylum Zixibacteria.
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The Planctobacteria (PVC group) includes Chlamydiae, Lentisphaerae, candidate phylum Omnitrophica, Planctomycetes, candidate phylum Poribacteria, and Verrucomicrobia.
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The Thermotogae are a phylum of the domain Bacteria. The phylum Thermotogae is composed of Gram-negative staining, anaerobic, and mostly thermophilic and hyperthermophilic bacteria.Gupta, RS (2014) The Phylum Thermotogae. The Prokaryotes 989-1015.
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Fertabacteria is a bacterial phylum candidate status, meaning there are no cultured representatives from this phylum to date. It is a member of the Candidate Phyla Radiation and may be a sister phylum to Peregrinibacteria.
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The Gemmatimonadetes (alternatively Gemmatimonadota) are a phylum of bacteria established in 2003. The phylum contains two classes Gemmatimonadetes and Longimicrobia.
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Piricaudiopsis is a genus of fungus in the phylum Ascomycota. It is considered incertae sedis or of indeterminate placement within the phylum.
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Pisuviricota is a phylum of RNA viruses, which includes all positive-strand and double-stranded RNA viruses, which infect eukaryotes and are not members of the phylum Kitrinoviricota, Lenarviricota, or Duplornaviricota. The name of the group is a portmanteau of “picornavirus supergroup” and -viricota which is the suffix for a virus phylum. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that Birnaviridae and Permutotetraviridae, both currently unassigned to a phylum in Orthornavirae, also belong to this phylum and that both are sister groups.
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Candidate phylum TG3 is a candidate phylum that is closely related to the phylum Fibrobacteres based on 16S rRNA gene phylogeny. Originally thought to be composed solely of sequences from termite guts, it was later found to be more widespread in nature.
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Modulibacteria is a bacterial phylum formerly known as KS3B3 or GN06. It is a candidate phylum, meaning there are no cultured representatives of this group. Members of the Modulibacteria phylum are known to cause fatal filament overgrowth (bulking) in high-rate industrial anaerobic wastewater treatment bioreactors. The Modulibacteria phylum was first proposed in 2006 by two independent research groups based on analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences.
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Nucleocytoviricota is a phylum of viruses. Members of the phylum are also known as the nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDV), which serves as the basis of the name of the phlyum with the suffix -viricota for virus phylum. These viruses are referred to as nucleocytoplasmic because they are often able to replicate in both the host's cell nucleus and cytoplasm. The phylum is notable for containing the giant viruses.
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Most studies support the monophyly of siliceous sponges. The group, as a part of the phylum Porifera, has been named Silicispongia Schmidt, 1862 and Silicea Bowerbank, 1864. Silicarea is a proposed new phylum based on molecular studies of the phylum Porifera. It consists of the Poriferan classes Demospongiae and Hexactinellida.
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Orthonectida () is a small phylum of poorly known parasites of marine invertebrates that are among the simplest of multi-cellular organisms. Members of this phylum are known as orthonectids.
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The ScientistViering, K., 2012. "Jäger der verborgenen Art". Spektrum Monoblastozoa was granted the title of phylum after the recognition that Mesozoa was too diverse to be a phylum into itself.
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Nanoarchaeota (Greek, "dwarf or tiny ancient one") are a phylum of the Archaea.See the NCBI webpage on Nanoarchaeota. Data extracted from the This phylum currently has only one representative, Nanoarchaeum equitans.
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The first species, Acidobacterium capsulatum, of this phylum was discovered in 1991. However, Acidobacteria were not recognized as a novel division until 1997, and were not recognized as a phylum until 2012.
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Clamp connections are structures unique to the phylum Basidiomycota. Many fungi from this phylum produce spores in basidiocarps (fruiting bodies, or mushrooms), above ground. Though clamp connections are exclusive to this phylum, not all species of Basidiomycota possess these structures. As such, the presence or absences of clamp connections has been a tool in categorizing genera and species.
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Delphibacteria is a candidate bacterial phylum in the FCB group. The phylum was first proposed after analysis of two genomes from the mouths of two bottlenose dolphins. "Dephibacteria" was proposed in recognition of the first genomic representatives having been recovered from the dolphin mouth. Members of the Delphibacteria phylum have been retroactively detected in a variety of environments.
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Kitrinoviricota is a phylum of RNA viruses, which includes all positive-strand RNA viruses, which infect eukaryotes and are not members of the phylum Pisuviricota or Lenarviricota. The name of the group derives from Greek κίτρινος (kítrinos) which means yellow (a reference to yellow fever virus) and -viricota which is the suffix for a virus phylum.
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Stylocephaloidea is a superfamily of parasites of the phylum Apicomplexia.
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Percolatea are a class of excavates in the phylum Percolozoa.
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Adeleorina is a suborder of parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa.
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The Desulfurobacteriaceae family are bacteria belonging to the Aquificae phylum.
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Elleipsisoma is a genus of parasites within the phylum Apicomplexia.
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More possibilities exist. Update: UBact is also found in the gram-negative bacterial phylum Gemmatimonadetes (e.g., A0A2E8WA32, A0A2E3J6F7, A0A2E7JSE3) and in the candidate phylum Latescibacteria (previously known as WS3; e.g., A0A3D2RHP4, A0A3D5FTR6, A0A3D4H075, and A0A3B8MMW3).
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Marchantiopsida is one of three classes within the liverwort phylum Marchantiophyta.
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Bursovaginoidea is one of the two orders in the phylum Gnathostomulida.
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Glomerales is an order of symbiotic fungi within the phylum Glomeromycota.
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Hemolivia (also spelled Haemolivia) is a genus of the phylum Apicomplexia.
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This section lists the orders of Bacteria within the phylum Aquificae.
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This section lists the orders of Bacteria within the phylum Bacteroidetes.
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This section lists the orders of Bacteria within the phylum Chlamydiae.
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This section lists the orders of Bacteria within the phylum Chlorobi.
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This section lists the orders of Bacteria within the phylum Chrysiogenetes.
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This section lists the orders of Bacteria within the phylum Cyanobacteria.
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This section lists the orders of Bacteria within the phylum Deferribacteres.
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This section lists the orders of Bacteria within the phylum Dictyoglomi.
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This section lists the orders of Bacteria within the phylum Elusimicrobia.
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This section lists the orders of Bacteria within the phylum Gemmatimonadetes.
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This section lists the orders of Bacteria within the phylum Lentisphaerae.
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This section lists the orders of Bacteria within the phylum Nitrospirae.
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This section lists the orders of Bacteria within the phylum Planctomycetes.
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This section lists the orders of Bacteria within the phylum Proteobacteria.
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This section lists the orders of Bacteria within the phylum Synergistetes.
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This section lists the orders of Bacteria within the phylum Thermodesulfobacteria.
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This section lists the orders of Bacteria within the phylum Thermotogae.
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This section lists the orders of Bacteria within the phylum Actinobacteria.
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This section lists the orders of Bacteria within the phylum Armatimonadetes.
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This section lists the orders of Bacteria within the phylum Chloroflexi.
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This section lists the orders of Bacteria within the phylum Fibrobacteres.
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This section lists the orders of Bacteria within the phylum Firmicutes.
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This section lists the orders of Bacteria within the phylum Fusobacteria.
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This section lists the orders of Bacteria within the phylum Spirochaetes.
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Ixorheis is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa.
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Skrjabinella is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa.
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Lymphotropha is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa.
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Apicystis is a genus of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexa.
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Molecular evidence suggests that this phylum are derived from the Lophotrochozoa.
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Rangelia is a genus of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexia.
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The Zygocystinae are a subfamily of parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa.
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The Rhynchocystinae are a subfamily of parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa.
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The Stomatophorinae are a subfamily of parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa.
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The Oligochaetocystinae is a subfamily of parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa.
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Bartazoon is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa.
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Blabericolidae is a family of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexia.
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Defretinella is a genus of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexa.
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Karyolysidae is a family of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexa.
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Heydornia is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa.
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Echinococcidium is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa.
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Dobellia is a genus of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexia.
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Sivatoshella is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa.
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Paralcyoniidae is a family of soft corals in the phylum Cnidaria.
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Entopolypoides is a genus of parasites belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa.
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There are 28 species in the phylum Cnidaria assessed as endangered.
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Peptoniphilus is a genus of bacteria in the phylum Firmicutes (Bacteria).
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Hammondia is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa.
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The Enterocystidae are a family of parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa.
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The Ganymedidae are a family of parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa.
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Klossia is a genus of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexa.
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Lecudinidae is a family of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexia.
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Several candidate phyla (Microgenomates, Omnitrophica, Parcubacteria, and Saccharibacteria) and several accepted phyla (Elusimicrobia, Caldiserica, and Armatimonadetes) have been suggested to actually be superphyla that were incorrectly described as phyla because rules for defining a bacterial phylum are lacking or due to a lack of sequence diversity in databases when the phylum was first establish. For example, it is suggested that candidate phylum Parcubacteria is actually a superphylum that encompasses 28 subordinate phyla and that phylum Elusimicrobia is actually a superphylum that encompasses 7 subordinate phyla.
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An arthropod (, from Greek arthron, "joint" and pous, "foot" (gen. ποδός)) is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton, a segmented body, and paired jointed appendages. Arthropods form the phylum Euarthropoda,Reference showing that Euarthropoda is a phylum: which includes insects, arachnids, myriapods, and crustaceans. The term Arthropoda as originally proposed refers to a proposed grouping of Euarthropods and the phylum Onychophora.
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The earliest known ortholog of this protein appeared around 948 million years ago in Trichoplax adhaerens in phylum Placozoa in kingdom Animalia. The next most distant orthologs appear in phylum Cnidaria, around 824 million years ago.
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This is not present in any other bacteria species and could be used to characterize members of the phylum Thermotogae from all other bacteria. Group specific CSIs were also used to characterize subgroups within the phylum Thermotogae.
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Within this phylum are three groups—coccidians, gregarines, and haemosporidians. The coccidians and gregarines appear to be relatively closely related. Perkinsus , while once considered a member of the Apicomplexa, has been moved to a new phylum —Perkinsozoa.
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Anthothelidae is a family of corals, a member of the phylum Cnidaria.
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Briareidae is a family of corals, a member of the phylum Cnidaria.
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Coralliidae is a family of corals, a member of the phylum Cnidaria.
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Paragorgiidae is a family of corals, a member of the phylum Cnidaria.
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Subergorgiidae is a family of corals, a member of the phylum Cnidaria.
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Microbabesia is a genus of parasitic alveolates belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa.
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This section lists the orders of Bacteria within the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus.
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The Monocystinae are a subfamily of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa.
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This is a List of White Sea species, ordered by suspected phylum.
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Myriospora is a genus of parasitic alveolates belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa.
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There are 176 species in the phylum Cnidaria assessed as near threatened.
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There are 301 species in the phylum Cnidaria assessed as least concern.
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Margolisiella is a genus of parasitic alveolates belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa.
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Progarnia is a genus of parasitic alveolates belonging to the phylum Apicomplexia.
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Garnia is a genus of parasitic alveolates belonging to the phylum Apicomplexia.
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Haemocystidium is a genus of parasitic alveolates belonging to the phylum Apicomplexia.
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The Diplocystidae are a family of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa.
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The Monocystidae are a family of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa.
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The Schaudinnellidae are a family of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa.
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The Selenidiidae are a family of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa.
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The Thiriotiidae are a family of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa.
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The Urosporidae are a family of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa.
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Comparative genomic analysis has led to the identification of 2 conserved signature indels which are uniquely found in members of the phylum Chlorobi and are thus characteristic of the phylum. The first indel is a 28-amino-acid insertion in DNA polymerase III and the second is a 12 to 14 amino acid insertion in alanyl-tRNA synthetase. These indels are not found in any other bacteria and thus serve as molecular markers for the phylum. In addition to the conserved signature indels, 51 proteins which are uniquely found in members of the phylum Chlorobi.
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It is the first representative of a new class in the phylum Armatimonadetes. It represents the first cultured representative of the Chthonomonadetes, corresponding with Group 3 of the phylum Armatimonadetes. Armatimonas rosea an aerobic, Gram-negative, pink pigmented, nonmotile, ovoid/rod shaped bacterium, was isolated from the rhizoplane of an aquatic plant Phragmites australis in Japan. It is the first representative of the phylum Armatimonadetes.
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Fermentibacteria (formerly Hyd24-12) is a bacterial phylum with candidate status. It is part of the FCB group. The original clone sequence used to define Fermentibacteria as a phylum (AJ535232) was recovered from the Hydrate Ridge cold seep environment (Cascadia Margin, offshore from OR, USA). The first genomes from this phylum were recovered from samples of full-scale mesophilic anaerobic digesters at Danish wastewater treatment facilities.
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The first +ssRNA phylum is Kitrinoviricota. The phylum contains what have been referred to as the "alphavirus supergroup" and "flavivirus supergroup" along with various other short-genome viruses. Four classes in the phylum are recognized: Alsuviricetes, the alphavirus supergroup, which contains a large number of plant viruses and arthropod viruses; Flasuviricetes, which contains flaviviruses, Magsaviricetes, which contains nodaviruses and sinhaliviruses; and Tolucaviricetes, which primarily contains plant viruses.
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Megaloschizonts are large schizonts that produce extremely high numbers of merozoites. They are found in various species of the Phylum Apicomplexa. The Apicomplexa phylum contains several parasitic protozoans. They have a very complex life cycle that includes several stages.
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Caldisericum exile is a species of bacteria sufficiently distinct from other bacteria to be placed in its own family, order, class and phylum. It is the first member of the thermophilic candidate phylum OP5 to be cultured and described.
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The Rhytismatales are an order of the class Leotiomycetes within the phylum Ascomycota.
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Charitometridae is a family of crinoids or feather stars in the phylum Echinodermata.
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Isopora is a genus of small polyp stony coral in the phylum Cnidaria.
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Phylum: Rotifera Sri Lankan freshwaters are home for 124 species of wheel animals.
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Isaurus is a genus of the cnidarian phylum within the family of Zoanthidae.
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Actinotignum (formerly known as Actinobaculum) is a genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria).
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Acidocella is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria). Its members are acidophilic.
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Lepidodermella squamata is a freshwater species of minute worm in the phylum Gastrotricha.
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Angeiocystis is a genus of parasitic alveolate eukaryotes belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa.
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In people with IBS, the Bacteroidetes phylum has been shown to have an overall decrease, but an increase in the species Bacteroides. IBS-D shows a decrease for the phylum Actinobacteria and an increase in Proteobacteria, specifically in the family Enterobacteriaceae.
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Sachsia is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Oesophagostomum is part of the phylum Nematoda. This phylum is composed of five orders: Ascaridida, Enoplida, Oxyurida, Spirurida, Strongylida and Rhabditida.John, David T., Krotoski, Wojciech A. and Markell, Edward K. Markell and Voge's Medical Parasitology. St. Louis: Saunders Elsevier, 2006.
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The name of this phylum is derived from the existence of many of these organisms at high temperatures along with the characteristic sheath structure, or "toga", surrounding the cells of these species.Reysenbach, A.-L. (2001) Phylum BII. Thermotogae phy. nov.
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Ascomycota is a phylum of the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, forms the subkingdom Dikarya. Its members are commonly known as the sac fungi or ascomycetes. It is the largest phylum of Fungi, with over 64,000 species.Kirk et al.
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Tenericutes (tener cutis: soft skin) is a phylum of bacteria that contains the class Mollicutes. The name was validated in 1984 as a new division (phylum).Validation of the Publication of New Names and New Combinations ... Int. J. of Sust. Bact.
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Xylobotryum is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Wadeana is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Abrothallus is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Ascomauritania is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Normandina is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Phacidiostromella is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Phaeodothiopsis is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Phelonitis is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Phialisphaera is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Phragmitensis is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Phylloporina is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Pocsia is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Porosphaera is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Pseudohepatica is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Psilosphaeria is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Pustularia is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Roeslerina is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Splanchnospora is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Stigmatea is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Symbiotaphrina is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Thallisphaera is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Trichosphaera is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Tylophoron is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Limboria is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Lohwagiella is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Lyromma is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Molgosphaera is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Myriococcum is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Myrmaecium is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Atractobolus is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Batistospora is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Berggrenia is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Bezerra is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Clathroporinopsis is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Clypeolum is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Cylindrotheca is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Cystodium is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Dipyrgis is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Discocera is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Dryinosphaera is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Endocolium is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Farriolla is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Gyrophthorus is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Haematomyxa is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Helicogonium is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Hyalopyrenula is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Recently the phylogenetic relationship of the group Thermotogae was characterized based on the CSI approach. Previously no biochemical or molecular markers were known that could clearly distinguish the species of this phylum from all other bacteria. More than 60 CSIs that were specific for the entire Thermotogae phylum or its different subgroups were discovered. 18 CSIs are uniquely present in various Thermotogae species and provide molecular markers for the phylum.
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Aphelida is a phylum of Fungi that appear to be sister to true fungi.
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Spermatobium is a genus of parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa. It infects oligochaete worms.
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Testing for further invertebrate production is ongoing by both genetic and phylum-based studies.
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Kingdom - Animalia Animal, animaux, animals. Sub kingdom - Bilateria. Infra kingdom - Protostomia. Super phylum - Ecdysozoa.
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The nematodes ( , ; ) or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes),Classification of Animal Parasites with plant- parasitic nematodes being known as eelworms. They are a diverse animal phylum inhabiting a broad range of environments. Taxonomically, they are classified along with insects and other moulting animals in the clade Ecdysozoa, and unlike flatworms, have tubular digestive systems with openings at both ends. Like tardigrades they have a reduced number of Hox genes, but as their sister phylum Nematomorpha has kept the ancestral protostome Hox genotype, it shows that the reduction has occurred within the nematode phylum.
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A definition of a phylum based on body plan has been proposed by paleontologists Graham Budd and Sören Jensen (as Haeckel had done a century earlier). The definition was posited because extinct organisms are hardest to classify: they can be offshoots that diverged from a phylum's line before the characters that define the modern phylum were all acquired. By Budd and Jensen's definition, a phylum is defined by a set of characters shared by all its living representatives. This approach brings some small problems—for instance, ancestral characters common to most members of a phylum may have been lost by some members.
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However, proving that a fossil belongs to the crown group of a phylum is difficult, as it must display a character unique to a sub-set of the crown group. Furthermore, organisms in the stem group of a phylum can possess the "body plan" of the phylum without all the characteristics necessary to fall within it. This weakens the idea that each of the phyla represents a distinct body plan. A classification using this definition may be strongly affected by the chance survival of rare groups, which can make a phylum much more diverse than it would be otherwise.
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Lentisphaerae is a phylum of bacteria closely related to Chlamydiae and Verrucomicrobia. It includes two monotypic orders Lentisphaerales and Victivallales. Phylum members can be aerobic or anaerobic and fall under two distinct phenotypes. One consists of terrestrial gut microbiota from mammals and birds.
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Nemertea are named after the Greek sea-nymph Nemertes, one of the daughters of Nereus and Doris. Alternative names for the phylum have included Nemertini, Nemertinea, and Rhynchocoela. The Nemertodermatida are a separate phylum, whose closest relatives appear to be the Acoela.
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Nitrospirae is a phylum of bacteria. It contains only one class, Nitrospira, which itself contains one order (Nitrospirales) and one family (Nitrospiraceae). It includes multiple genera, such as Nitrospira, the largest. The first member of this phylum, Nitrospira marina, was discovered in 1985.
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Abiotrophia is a genus of lactic acid bacteria, a family in the phylum Firmicutes (Bacteria).
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The proposed superphylum, Terrabacteria, includes Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Deinococcus–Thermus, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, and candidate phylum OP10.
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Pinacocytes are flat cells found on the outermost layer (Pinacoderm) of a sponge (phylum Porifera).
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Agonomycetes are members of a taxonomic class within the phylum Deuteromycota and include anamorphic fungi.
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Polysphondylium pallidum is a species of cellular slime mould, a member of the phylum Mycetozoa.
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The people speak the Nuer language / Thoknath which belongs to the Nilo-Saharan language phylum.
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The Nematoda or roundworms, are perhaps the second largest animal phylum, and are also invertebrates.
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Members of this phylum are physiologically diverse, and can be found in a variety of environments including soil, hot springs, oceans, caves, and metal-contaminated soils. The members of this phylum are particularly abundant in soil habitats representing up to 52% of the total bacterial community. Environmental factors such as pH and nutrients have been seen to drive Acidobacteria dynamics. Many Acidobacteria are acidophilic, including the first described member of the phylum, Acidobacterium capsulatum.
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The phylum consists of about 20 known species, of which Rhopalura ophiocomae is the best-known. The phylum is not divided into classes or orders, and contains just two families. Although originally described in 1877 as a class, and sometimes characterized as an order of the phylum Mesozoa, recent study shows that orthonectids are quite different from the rhombozoans, the other group in Mesozoa. The genome of one species, Intoshia linei, has been sequenced.
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In biological classification, class () is a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit, a taxon, in that rank. Other well-known ranks in descending order of size are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, and species, with class fitting between phylum and order.
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Armatimonas rosea is a Gram-negative bacterium and also the first species to be characterized within the phylum Armatimonadetes. The Armatimonadetes were previously known as candidate phylum OP10. OP10 was composed solely of environmental 16S rRNA gene clone sequences prior to A. rosea's discovery.
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Malacobdellidae is a monogeneric family within the phylum Nemertea. It is included with the order Hoplonemertea within the class Enopla (formerly in monotypic order Bdellonemertea of the same class).Tholleson, M. and Norenburg, J.L. (2003). "Ribbon worm relationships: a phylogeny of the phylum Nemertea".
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It is the first representative of the phylum Armatimonadetes. Fimbriimonas ginsengisoli, an aerobic, non-motile, mesophilic, rod-shaped bacterium, was isolated from a ginseng field soil sample. It represents the first cultured representative of the Fimbriimonadia class, corresponding with Group 4 of the phylum Armatimonadetes.
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This led to a designation of a new phylum, Perkinsozoa. This phylum encompasses Perkinsus, Parvilucifera and Psammosa (Norén et al. 1999). Following the discovery of P.infectans, the next Parviluciferao be discovered was P.sinerae (Figueroa et al. 2008), which is also the closest relative to P.infectans.
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Perhaps the most important fossils from Chengjiang are eight possible members of phylum Chordata, the phylum to which all vertebrates belong. The most famous is Myllokunmingia, possibly a very primitive agnathid (i.e., jawless fish). Similar to Myllokunmingia is Haikouichthys ercaicunensis, another primitive fish-like animal.
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Some scientists believe that Porifera is polyphyletic/paraphyletic, and that some sponges, the Calcarea, are a separate phylum which was the first to diverge from the main line of kingdom Animalia. Silicarea is considered the next phylum to diverge from the primary animal lineage.
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Joseph Greenberg proposed an Indo-Pacific phylum containing the (Northern) Andamanese languages, all Papuan languages, and the Tasmanian languages, but not the Australian Aboriginal languages. Very few linguists accept his grouping. It is distinct from the Trans–New Guinea phylum of the classifications below.
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Nereis onychophora is a polychaete worm of the phylum Annelida. The type locality is in Indonesia.
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Chlamydophila is a controversial bacterial genus belonging to the family Chlamydiaceae, order Chlamydiales, class/phylum Chlamydiae.
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Phylum ARTHROPODA von Siebold, 1848. Class TRILOBITA Walch, 1771. Order CORYNEXOCHIDA Kobayashi, 1935.KOBAYASHI, T. (1935).
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Echinacea are part of Animalia (kingdom), Echinodermata (phylum), Echinozoa (subphylum), Echinoidea (class), Euechinoidea (subclass), Carinacea (infraclass).
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Acidicaldus is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria), whose sole member is an acidophilic thermophile.
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Phylum Nematoda. Nemaplex: Nematode-Plant Expert Information System. University of California, Davis. Version October 4, 2012.
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Of these, the Firmicutes phylum constituted 16 species, seven of which belong to the genus Bacillus.
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Capitata is a suborder of Hydrozoa, a class of marine invertebrates belonging to the phylum Cnidaria.
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Cospin is a serine protease inhibitor from the mushroom species Coprinopsis cinerea in the phylum Basidiomycota.
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Perkinsidae is a family of alveolates in the phylum Perkinsozoa, a sister group to the dinoflagellates.
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More recent work has attempted to classify them based on the DNA sequences in their genome; this has placed the phylum between the sponges and the eumetazoa. In such a feature-poor phylum, molecular data are considered to provide the most reliable approximation of the placozoans' phylogeny.
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Hexactinellid sponges are sponges with a skeleton made of four- and/or six- pointed siliceous spicules, often referred to as glass sponges. They are usually classified along with other sponges in the phylum Porifera, but some researchers consider them sufficiently distinct to deserve their own phylum, Symplasma.
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Rostafinskia is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. Note: Rostafinskia elegans Racib. 1884Racib., Rozpr. Spraw.
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The third phylum that contains +ssRNA viruses is Pisuviricota, which has been informally called the "picornavirus supergroup". The phylum contains a large assemblage of eukaryotic viruses known to infect animals, plants, fungi, and protists. The phylum contains three classes, two of which contain only +ssRNA viruses: Pisoniviricetes, which contains nidoviruses, picornaviruses, and sobeliviruses, and Stelpaviricetes, which contains potyviruses and astroviruses. The third class is Duplopiviricetes, whose members are double- stranded RNA viruses that are descended from +ssRNA viruses.
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Cardiosporidium is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. It infects the ascidian Ciona intestinalis.
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Chunellidae is a family of sea pens, a member of the subclass Octocorallia in the phylum Cnidaria.
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The microscopic animal Limnognathia, the only known member of its phylum, was discovered in the Isunngua spring.
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Sipunculus robustus is a species of unsegmented benthic marine worm in the phylum Sipuncula, the peanut worms.
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In 2015, it became the Actinobacteriophage Database to contain all phages infecting hosts in the Phylum Actinobacteria.
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The phylum is not divided in classes or orders, but contains three families, Conocyemidae, Dicyemidae, and Kantharellidae.
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Echinoptilidae is a family of sea pens, a member of the subclass Octocorallia in the phylum Cnidaria.
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However, the variation in this phylum may indicate that they may not have the same ecological strategy.
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Polyacanthorhynchidae is a family of parasitic worms from the (phylum Acanthocephala). It contains a single genus Polyacanthorhynchus.
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Pennatulidae is a family of sea pens, a member of the subclass Octocorallia in the phylum Cnidaria.
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Haematoxenus is a genus of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexa. The type species is Haematoxenus veliferus.
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The phylum Nemertea is monophyletic. Its synapomorphies include the rhynchocoel and eversible proboscis. Traditional taxonomy says that nemerteans are closely related to flatworms. Both phyla are regarded as members of the Lophotrochozoa, a very large "super-phylum" that also includes molluscs, annelids, brachiopods, bryozoa and many other protostomes.
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Fimbriimonas ginsengisoli is a Gram-negative bacterium and also the first representative of the new class Fimbriimonadia within the phylum Armatimonadetes. The Armatimonadetes were previously known as candidate phylum OP10. OP10 was composed solely of environmental 16S rRNA gene clone sequences prior to F. ginsengisoli's relative, Armatimonas rosea's discovery.
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Duplornaviricota is a phylum of RNA viruses, which contains all double- stranded RNA viruses, except for those in phylum Pisuviricota. Characteristic of the group is a viral capsid composed of 60 homo- or heterodimers of capsid protein on a pseudo-T=2 lattice. Duplornaviruses infect both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The name of the group derives from Italian duplo which means double (a reference to double-stranded), rna for the type of virus, and -viricota which is the suffix for a virus phylum.
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Siedleckiidae is a family of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this family infect marine invertebrates.
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Meroselenidium is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this genus infect marine invertebrates.
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Haematractidium is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. It infects the Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus).
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Siedleckia are a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this genus infect marine invertebrates.
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Glucanases can be produced by Neocallimastigomycota, a phylum of anaerobic fungi found in the digestive tracts of herbivores.
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Tipulocystis is a genus of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this genus infect insects (Diptera).
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Farinocystis is a genus of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this genus infect insects (Coleoptera).
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Actibacter is a genus in the phylum Bacteroidetes (Bacteria). The genus contains a single species, namely A. sediminis.
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List of Nematoda has 25,000 recorded species from the Nematode phylum. There are estimated to be a million.
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Aplanulata is a suborder of Hydrozoa, a class of marine and freshwater invertebrates belonging to the phylum Cnidaria.
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Selenidium is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this genus infect marine invertebrates.
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Most turn out to be the asexual forms (anamorphs) of fungi in the phylum Ascomycota, including Metacordyceps spp.
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Selenidioides are a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this genus infect marine invertebrates.
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Merogregarina is a genus of parasitic alveolate in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this genus infect marine invertebrates.
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Veloxidium is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this genus infect marine invertebrates.
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Fibrobacteres is a small bacterial phylum which includes many of the major rumen bacteria, allowing for the degradation of plant-based cellulose in ruminant animals. Members of this phylum were categorized in other phyla. The genus Fibrobacter (the only genus of Fibrobacteres) was removed from the genus Bacteroides in 1988.
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Xylogone is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Xylogone sphaerospora.
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Xenomyxa is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Xenomyxa disseminata.
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Wolkia is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Wolkia decolorans.
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Ulvella is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Ulvella chlorospila.
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Allophoron is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Allophoron farinosum.
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Antimanoa is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Antimanoa grisleae.
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Apiotypa is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Apiotypa philippinensis.
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Argentinomyces is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Argentinomyces naviculisporus.
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Arthopyreniomyces is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Arthopyreniomyces analeptae.
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Ascosorus is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Ascosorus floridanus.
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Ascosubramania is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Ascosubramania melanographoides.
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Ascoxyta is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Ascoxyta quercina.
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Astomella is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Astomella neolitseae.
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Nemacola is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Nemacola criniformis.
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Nyungwea is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Nyungwea pallida.
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Ochrosphaera is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Ochrosphaera meliolae.
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Oevstedalia is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Oevstedalia antarctica.
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Phellostroma is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Phellostroma hypoxyloides.
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Phthora is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Phthora vastatrix.
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Potamomyces is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Potamomyces armatisporus.
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Protocalicium is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Protocalicium jaczevskii.
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Pseudoperitheca is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Pseudoperitheca murmanica.
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Pteromycula is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Pteromycula clypeiformis.
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Scutomyces is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Scutomyces concentricus.
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Stellifraga is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Stellifraga cladoniicola.
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Leucoconiella is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Leucoconiella paraguayensis.
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Leucoconis is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Leucoconis erysiphina.
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Lichenopeziza is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Lichenopeziza bryophile.
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Lithopythium is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Lithopythium gangliiforme.
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Ludwigomyces is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Ludwigomyces parasiticus.
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Marisolaris is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Marisolaris ansata.
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Micromastia is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The two known members are Micromastia fimicola. and Micromastia trigonospora. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Baculospora is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Baculospora pellucida.
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Biflua is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Biflua physasca.
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Bresadolina is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Bresadolina stellaris.
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Cladosphaera is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Cladosphaera cespitosa.
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Coryneliella is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Coryneliella consimilis.
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Crinigera is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Crinigera maritima.
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Cyanopyrenia is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Cyanopyrenia japonica.
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Diaboliumbilicus is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Diaboliumbilicus mirabilis.
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Diehliomyces is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Diehliomyces microsporus.
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Elaeomyces is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Elaeomyces olei.
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Enduria is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Enduria ranaria.
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Gaeumanniella is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Gaeumanniella singularis.
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Gallaicolichen is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Gallaicolichen pacificus.
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Myriogonium is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Myriogonium odontiae.
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Cuttlefish of the order Sepiida Pinna nobilis shell and byssus List of mollusc orders illustrates the 97 orders in the phylum Mollusca, the largest marine animal phylum. 85,000 extant species are described,Chapman, A.D. (2009). Numbers of Living Species in Australia and the World, 2nd edition. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.
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However, kingdom Archezoa is now defunct. He now assigns former members of the kingdom Archezoa to the phylum Amoebozoa.
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Longidoridae (longidorid nematodes) is a family of polyphagous root ectoparasites in the phylum Nematoda (nematodes) with a worldwide distribution.
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Sipunculus nudus is a cosmopolitan species of unsegmented marine worm of the phylum Sipuncula, also known as peanut worms.
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Biological Sciences. 5th ed. Glenview, Il: Pearson, 2014. 638. Print. The Acanthocephala were thought to be a discrete phylum.
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Brusca, R.C. and Brusca, G.J. (2003). "Phylum Nemertea: The Ribbon Worms". Invertebrates (2 ed.) Sinauer Associates, Inc. p.329. .
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The Caulleryellidae are a family of parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this family mostly infect dipteran larvae.
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The Syncystidae are a family of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this family infect insects (Aeshnidae).
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Billbraya is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexia. It contains a single recognised species, Billbraya australis.
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The Aikinetocystidae are a family of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. The species in this family infect oligochetes.
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The Oligoflexia are a class of the phylum Proteobacteria. All species of this group are all Proteobacteria, Gram-negative.
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In the alternative classification system proposed by Cavalier-Smith, this taxon is instead a class in the Sphingobacteria phylum.
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Acetomicrobium is a genus in the phylum Synergistetes (Bacteria). In 2016, the former genus Anaerobaculum was folded into Acetomicrobium.
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Dicyemida, also known as Rhombozoa, is a phylum of tiny parasites that live in the renal appendages of cephalopods.
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Tunetella is a genus of parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa. There is one species in this genus — Tunetella emydis.
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Springer-Verlag, New York. Revised Road Map to the Phylum Firmicutes Notable genera include Mycoplasma, Spiroplasma, Ureaplasma, and Phytoplasma.
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Azospira is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria). It has two members, namely Azospira oryzae and Azospira restricta.
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Ithania is a genus of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexa. This genus was described in 1947 by Ludwig.
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The Selenidioididae are a family of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this order infect marine invertebrates.
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The Platyproteum are a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this genus infect marine invertebrates.
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They are so unlike any known animal that its discovery by Danish scientists in 1995 led to the creation of a new phylum. The phylum Cycliophora, from the Greek for 'carrying a small wheel', was named after the creature's circular mouth. Two other members of that phylum have since been discovered. Symbion refers to the animal's symbiotic relationship with its lobster host while the specific epithet pandora refers to the part of the organism's life cycle that reminded Funch and Christensen of the mythical Pandora's box.
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Arthropods belong to phylum Euarthropoda. The phylum is sometimes called Arthropoda, but strictly this term denotes a (putative - see Tactopoda) clade that also encompasses the phylum Onychophora. Euarthropoda is typically subdivided into five subphyla, of which one is extinct: # Trilobites are a group of formerly numerous marine animals that disappeared in the Permian–Triassic extinction event, though they were in decline prior to this killing blow, having been reduced to one order in the Late Devonian extinction. # Chelicerates include horseshoe crabs, spiders, mites, scorpions and related organisms.
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Antillesoma is a genus of peanut worms (Phylum Sipuncula). The genus belongs to the family Phascolosomatidae. Antillesoma was described in 1973 by Stephen and Edmonds.World Register of Marine Especies (WoRMS): Antillesoma (Stephen & Edmonds, 1972) AphiaID: 136026 Cutler, Edward B. & Gibbs, Peter E. (1985): A Phylogenetic analysis of higher taxa in the Phylum Sipuncula.
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All members of this phylum are parasitic and evolved from a free-living ancestor. This lifestyle is presumed to have evolved at the time of the divergence of dinoflagellates and apicomplexans. Further evolution of this phylum has been estimated to have occurred about . The oldest extant clade is thought to be the archigregarines.
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Originally described as crustacean arthropods, the Vetulicola were later erected as a new phylum of primitive deuterostomes by D.G. Shu et al. (Shu 2001). Another researcher places them with the urochordates, based on putative affinity with the Phylum Chordata. They are thought to have been swimmers that either were filter feeders or detritivores.
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Domain – Bacteria The Tree of Life contains three Domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. : Kingdom – Bacteria Bacteria consists of prokaryotic microorganisms. They were among the first life forms to appear on Earth and appear in a wide variety of habitats. : Phylum – Cyanobacteria This phylum is characterized by their ability to obtain energy through photosynthesis.
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Toxocystis is a genus of parasites of the phylum Apicomplexia. Only one species (Toxocystis homari) is known in this genus.
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Allopseudaxine is a genus which belongs to the phylum Platyhelminthes and class Monogenea; all its species are parasites of fish.
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This section lists the genera of Archaea within the Phylum Korarchaeota. Only environmental samples of the Korarchaeota have been studied.
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Lankesterella is a genus in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this genus infect amphibians. The type species is Lankesterella minima.
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Ixorheorida is an order within the subclass Conoidasida of the phylum Apicomplexia. All members of this order are parasitic protozoa.
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Acetitomaculum is a genus in the phylum Firmicutes (Bacteria). The single species is an acetogenic bacteria from the bovine rumen.
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Joyeuxella is a genus of parasitic Alveolata of the phylum Apicomplexa. There is one species in this genus - Joyeuxella toxoides.
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Echinozoon is a genus of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexia. There is one species in this genus - Echinozoon hoogstraali.
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This species of flying dragon is classified under the kingdom Animalia, phylum Chordata, class Reptilia, order Squamata, and family Agamidae.
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Cristalloidophora is a genus of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexia. There is one species in this genus - Cristalloidophora dodecaceriae.
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Pseudaxine is a genus which belongs to the phylum Platyhelminthes and class Monogenea; all its species are parasites of fish.
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The genus was originally published in 1793 by Shrank, F. von Paula. The taxonomy of Ceratium varies among several sources. One source states the taxonomy as: Kingdom Chromista, Phylum Miozoa, Class Dinophyceae, Order Gonyaulacales, and Family Ceratiaceae. Another source lists the taxonomy as Kingdom Protozoa, Phylum Dinoflagellata, Class Dinophyceae, Order Gonyaulacales, and Family Ceratiaceae.
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Nemertea is a phylum of invertebrate animals also known as ribbon worms or proboscis worms. Alternative names for the phylum have included Nemertini, Nemertinea and Rhynchocoela. Most are very slim, usually only a few millimeters wide, although a few have relatively short but wide bodies. Many have patterns of yellow, orange, red and green coloration.
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Lokiarchaeota is a proposed phylum of the Archaea. The phylum includes all members of the group previously named Deep Sea Archaeal Group (DSAG), also known as Marine Benthic Group B (MBG-B). A phylogenetic analysis disclosed a monophyletic grouping of the Lokiarchaeota with the eukaryotes. The analysis revealed several genes with cell membrane-related functions.
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It is divided into three subphyla: the Mastigophora, the Sarcodina and the Opalinata.Species:Sarcomastigophora It is polyphyletic, and it is not a universally recognized classification. It places great significance upon method of locomotion in generating the taxonomy. It can be described either as: :kingdom Protista → phylum Sarcomastigophora or in older classifications as : phylum Protozoa → subphylum Sarcomastigophora.
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The Latescibacteria, OD1, OP11, TM7 RNA motif (LOOT RNA motif) is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics. LOOT motif RNAs are found in multiple bacterial phyla that have only recently been discovered, and are currently not well understood: Latescibacteria, OD1/Parcubacteria, OP11 AND TM7. In some cases, no specific organism has been isolated in the relevant phylum, but the existence of the bacterial phylum is known only through analysis of metagenomic sequences. Curiously, the LOOT motif is not known in any phylum that has been studied for a long time.
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Phoeniciloricus is a monospecific genus of loriciferans, a phylum of small marine sediment-dwelling animals. Its one species is Phoeniciloricus simplidigitatus.
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The Trans-New Guinea phylum: explorations in deep-level genetic relationships. Pacific Linguistics, Series B, No. 16. Canberra: Australian National University.
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Ivantsov, A.Y. (2004) "Vendian Animals in the Phylum Proarticulata". The Rise and Fall of the Vendian Biota. IGSP Project 493. Abstracts.
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The Gigaductidae are a family of parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this family infect Coleoptera (beetles) and Orthoptera (grasshoppers).
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It has been subsequently concluded that phylum Cyanobacteria, proposed class Melainabacteria, order Vampirovibrionales, and family Vampirovibrionaceae more accurately classified the organism.
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Official logo The International Bryozoology Association (IBA) is a professional association with international membership specialising in research of the phylum Bryozoa.
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The Flavo-1 RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was identified by bioinformatics. The vast majority of Flavo-1 RNAs are found in Flavobacteria, but some were detected in the phylum Bacteroidetes, which contains Flavobacteria, or the phylum Spirochaetes, which is evolutionarily related to Bacteroidetes. It was presumed that Flavo-1 RNAs function as non-coding RNAs.
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TM7x, also known as Nanosynbacter lyticus type strain TM7x HMT 952. is a phylotype of one of the most enigmatic phyla, Candidatus Saccharibacteria, formerly candidate phylum TM7. It is the only member of the candidate phylum that has been cultivated successfully from the human oral cavity, and stably maintained in vitro. and serves as a crucial paradigm.
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Actinomyces species are one of the early microbial colonizers in the oral cavity. Together, they exhibit parasitic epibiont symbiosis. The TM7 phylum was named with reference to the Torf, mittlere Schicht (or peat, middle layer) in which it was first detected in a German peat bog. The TM7 phylum correlates positively with various human inflammatory mucosal diseases.
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The paraphyletic "Platyzoa" are a group of protostome unsegmented animals proposed by Thomas Cavalier-Smith in 1998. Cavalier-Smith included in Platyzoa the phylum Platyhelminthes (or flatworms), and a new phylum, the Acanthognatha, into which he gathered several previously described phyla of microscopic animals. More recently it has been described as paraphyletic, containing the Rouphozoa and the Gnathifera.
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The Aquificae currently contain 15 genera and 42 validly published species. The phylum comprises a single class and two orders. Aquificales consists of the families Aquificaceae and Hydrogenothermaceae, while the Desulfurobacteriaceae are the only family within the Desulfobacteriales. Thermosulfidibacter takaii is not assigned to a family within the phylum based on its phylogenetic distinctness from both orders.
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Berkelbacteria (formerly ACD58) is a bacterial phylum with candidate status, meaning there are no cultured representatives for this group. It is part of the Candidate Phyla Radiation. Berkelbacteria was first reported in 2012, at which time it was classified as a divergent lineage of Parcubacteria (OD1) and referred to as ACD58. It was proposed as a phylum in 2014.
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Toward the broader end of its classification, C. dikerogammari falls within the phylum Microspora. Characteristics of phylum Microspora include a relictual mitochondrial structure and a complex life cycle involving both horizontal and vertical transmission. These characteristics suggest a host organism is necessary to sustain life and allow for reproduction of Microsporidia. The parasite was originally classified as Nosema dikerogammari.
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Hyaloklossia is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. Only one species in this genus is currently recognised - Hyaloklossia lieberkuehni.
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Korarchaeota is regarded as a phylum, which itself is part of the archaeal TACK superphylum which encompasses Thaumarchaeota, Aigarchaeota, Crenarchaeota and Korarchaeota.
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Mattesia is a genus of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this genus infect insects (Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera and Siphonaptera).
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A. italicus belongs to the phylum Actinobacteria. It is most closely related to Actinoplanes couchii with 98.9% similarity using DNA-DNA hybridization.
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The Schizocystidae are a family of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this family infect insects (Diptera, Coleoptera and Hemiptera).
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Trends Microbiol. 17:139-145. , Sutcliffe IC. 2010. A phylum level perspective on bacterial cell envelope architecture. Trends Microbiol. 18:464-470.
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As of March 2015, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species identified 6087 data deficient species in the Chordata phylum (Animalia kingdom).
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On 29 January 2010, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species identified 149 data deficient species in the Cnidaria phylum (Animalia kingdom).
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On 29 January 2010, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species identified 1 data deficient species in the Annelida phylum (Animalia kingdom).
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On 29 January 2010, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species identified three data deficient species in the Nemertina phylum (Animalia kingdom).
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Gibbsia is a genus of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexa. There is only one species known in this genus, Gibbsia archiuli.
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Acidobacteria is a phylum of bacteria. Its members are physiologically diverse and ubiquitous, especially in soils, but are under-represented in culture.
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Maiduan is often considered in various Penutian phylum proposals. It was one of the original members of California Penutian (the Penutian "core").
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Higher classifications such as the phylum Cercozoa and the order Cercomonadida also bear similar names, though Cercomonas was identified first (in 1841).
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Nephasoma rimicola is a marine invertebrate belonging to the phylum Sipuncula, the peanut worms. This worm occurs in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean.
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Orcheobius is a genus of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexa.Schuberg &. Kunze (1906) Ein Coccidium aus Herpobdella atomariu Car. (Nephelis vulgaris Moq.-Tand.).
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Marocella is thought to be a mollusc, although its position within this phylum is undetermined. Relationship to the halkieriids has also been considered.
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The Lipotrophidae are a family of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this family infect insects (Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera).
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Aleuria is a genus of cup fungi within the phylum Ascomycota. The best known species is Orange peel fungus. Aleuria species are saprobes.
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Alcyoniidae is a family of leathery or soft corals in the phylum Cnidaria.Leathery corals. Wildsingapore.com (2010-02-28). Retrieved on 2013-09-17.
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The bootlace worm is in the phylum Nemertea or ribbon worms. It is the most common nemertean found along the coasts of Britain.
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Anthemosoma is a genus of parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa. There is only one species recognised in this genus - a parasite of mammals.
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Allogastrocotyle is a genus within the phylum Platyhelminthes and class Monogenea. The only species in this genus (Allogastrocotyle bivaginalis) is parasitic upon fish.
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The poorly known Middle Cambrian fossil Vologdinella was also considered for inclusion, as it has superficial resemblance to the Agmata, but was later excluded from the group. Currently, the phylum contains only one family, Salterellidae; a second family, Volborthellidae, was originally included but later became a synonym of the former. No orders, classes or superfamilies are used within the phylum, despite the order "Volborthellida" being previously proposed for Volborthella before the phylum's own proposal. The reasoning for this was that taxa of these ranks were not seen as necessary in a phylum with very few genera.
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Negative-strand RNA viruses constitute the phylum Negarnaviricota, in the kingdom Orthornavirae and realm Riboviria. They are descended from a common ancestor that was a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus, and they are considered to be a sister clade of reoviruses, which are dsRNA viruses. Within the phylum, there are two major branches that form two subphyla: Haploviricotina, whose members are mostly non-segmented and which encode an RdRp that synthesizes caps on mRNA, and Polyploviricotina, whose members are segmented and which encode an RdRp that snatches caps from host mRNAs. A total of six classes in the phylum are recognized.
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Molecular signatures in the form of conserved signature indels (CSIs) and proteins (CSPs) have been found that are uniquely shared by all members belonging to the Deinococcus- Thermus phylum. These CSIs and CSPs are distinguishing characteristics that delineate the unique phylum from all other bacterial organisms, and their exclusive distribution is parallel with the observed differences in physiology. CSIs and CSPs have also been found that support order and family- level taxonomic rankings within the phylum. Some of the CSIs found to support order level distinctions are thought to play a role in the respective extremophilic characteristics.
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The phylum Fibrobacteres is considered to be closely related to the CFB [Cytophaga-Flavibacterium-Bacteroides]. The only genus in this phylum is Fibrobacter that contains strains from the guts of many mammals including cattle and pigs. The two described species in this genus namely, Fibrobacter succinogenes and Fibrobacter intestinalis are important members of fibrolytic communities in mammalian guts and have received a lot of attention in recent decades due to the long-standing interest microbes capable of degrading plant fiber. Molecular evidence based on the amplification of 16rRNA genes from various environments suggest that the phylum is much more widespread than previously thought.
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Foraminifera are protists classified as a sub-phylum of Domain Eukarya and have been preserved in The Husky Formation. Foraminifera are free-living heterotrophic marine organisms suggesting the Aklavik Range was a marine environment during the Jurassic. Bivalves including clams, scallops and mussels were discovered in The Husky Formation. Bivalves are a sub-category of Class Bivalvia and Phylum Mollusca.
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98 The largest group is the Monogononta, with about 1500 species, followed by the Bdelloidea, with about 350 species. There are only two known genera with three species of Seisonidea. The Acanthocephala, previously considered to be a separate phylum, have been demonstrated to be modified rotifers. The exact relationship to other members of the phylum has not yet been resolved.
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This includes Lactobacillus, which is found to have a decrease in people with IBS, and Streptococcus, which is shown to have an increase in abundance. Within this phylum, species in the class Clostridia are shown to have an increase, specifically Ruminococcus and Dorea. The family Lachnospiraceae presents an increase in IBS-D patients. The second most common phylum is Bacteroidetes.
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As the basal lineage of bilateral animals, the Acoela provide interesting insights into early animal evolution and development. The most thoroughly studied animal in this group is the species Isodiametra pulchra. Acoela used to be classified in the phylum Platyhelminthes. However, Acoela was separated from this phylum after molecular analyses showed that it had diverged before the three main bilaterian clades had formed.
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J.F. Eschscholtz who discovered Balanoglossus in 1825 in Mashail Island described it as a worm-like holothurian. The discovery of gill-slits in this animal by Kowalewsky (1865) led to creation of a special class Enteropneusta by Gegenbaur (1870). Bateson (1885) included them in Phylum Chordata. Hyman (1959), however, placed them near Echinodermata and gave Hemichordata a status of an independent phylum.
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A chordate () is an animal of the phylum Chordata. During some period of their life cycle, chordates possess a notochord, a dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail: these four anatomical features define this phylum. Chordates are also bilaterally symmetric, and have a coelom, metameric segmentation, and circulatory system. The Chordata and Ambulacraria together form the superphylum Deuterostomia.
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Katanobacteria is a bacterial phylum formerly known as WWE3. It has candidate status, meaning there are no cultured representatives, and is a member of the Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR). The Katanobacteria phylum was first proposed in 2008 following the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences from a mesophilic anaerobic digester. The name "Katanobacteria" comes from the Hebrew word "katan", which translates to "small".
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A recurring problem with study of this phylum, is the difficulty in culturing specimens. Many of the species identified and used in phylogenetic studies, or others, have been collected in the field with few of them being cultured in labs. Such an issue impacts the ability to produce extensive phylogenetic trees, resulting in the currently unknown location of the phylum in fungi.
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Spongilla lacustris is part of the class demosponges of the phylum Porifera. The Porifera phylum contains all sponges which are characterized by the small pores on the outer layer, which take in water. The cells in the sponge walls filter food from the water. Whatever is not uptaken by the sponge is pumped through the body out of a large opening.
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Marchandin, H., Damay, A., Roudiere, L., Teyssier, C., Zorgniotti, I., Dechaud, H., Jean-Pierre, H., and Jumas-Bilak, E. (2010). Phylogeny, diversity and host specialization in the phylum Synergistetes with emphasis on strains and clones of human origin. Res. Microbiol. 161, 91–100. Species within this phylum have also been implicated in periodontal disease, gastrointestinal infections and soft tissue infections.
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Therefore, it was given its own phylum, called Nanoarchaeota. However, another group (see References) compared all of the open reading frames to the other Archaea. They argue that the initial sample, ribosomal RNA only, was biased and Nanoarchaeum actually belongs to the Euryarchaeota phylum. The sequencing of the Nanoarchaeum genome has revealed a wealth of information about the organism's biology.
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A nematode infection is a type of helminthiasis caused by organisms in the nematode phylum. An example is enterobiasis. Several antinematodal agents are available.
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In: Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, pp. 369-387. Eds D. R. Boone, R. W. Castenholz. Springer-Verlag: Berlin.Gupta, RS (2014) The Phylum Aquificae.
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Delphibacteria is a bacterial phylum with candidate status, meaning it has no cultured representatives as of yet. It is part of the FCB group.
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Stemonitida is an order of slime moulds in the phylum Amoebozoa. It contains the single family Stemonitidaceae, circumscribed by Elias Magnus Fries in 1829.
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Ciliophora is a phylum of protozoa. The cytostome in this phyla can be either apical or lateral.Nisbet, Brenda. Nutrition and feeding strategies in protozoa.
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Sibitrema is a genus which belongs to the phylum Platyhelminthes and class Monogenea; the only species included in this genus is parasite of fish.
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Roger Blench argues that the Saharan and Songhay languages form a Songhay-Saharan branch with each other within the wider Nilo-Saharan linguistic phylum.
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However, in 1910, Grobben proposed the phylum Aschelminthes and the nematodes were included in as class Nematoda along with class Rotifera, class Gastrotricha, class Kinorhyncha, class Priapulida, and class Nematomorpha (The phylum was later revived and modified by Libbie Henrietta Hyman in 1951 as Pseudoceolomata, but remained similar). In 1932, Potts elevated the class Nematoda to the level of phylum, leaving the name the same. Despite Potts' classification being equivalent to Cobbs', both names have been used (and are still used today) and Nematode became a popular term in zoological science. Since Cobb was the first to include nematodes in a particular phylum separated from Nematomorpha, some researchers consider the valid taxon name to be Nemates or Nemata, rather than Nematoda, because of the zoological rule that gives priority to the first used term in case of synonyms.
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Parasagitta is a genus of arrow worms (phylum Chaetognatha) in the family Sagittidae. At one time these arrow worms were classified in the genus Sagitta.
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Rasajeyna is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. This genus has been little studied and not much is known about these protozoa.
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The Archigregarinorida are an order of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this order infect marine invertebrates — usually annelids, ascidians, hemichordates and sipunculids.
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The Fifth Kingdom. 3rd edition Focus Publishing: Newburyport, MA. As well, two (once) popular model organisms—Allomyces macrogynus and Blastocladiella emersonii—belong to this phylum.
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Filipodium is a genus of parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this genus infect marine invertebrates. This genus was described by Hukui in 1939.
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Rayella is a genus of parasitic alveolates of belonging to the phylum Apicomplexia. Its vertebrate hosts are flying squirrels. The vectors are not presently known .
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Schmitzia hiscockiana is a small, rare, red seaweed or marine alga of the phylum Rhodophyta or red algae. It was discovered and named in 1985.
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Hoarella is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. This genus infects reptiles. Only one species (Hoarella garnhami) in this genus is recognised.
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This is presumably a nod to the small cell size and/or genome size of members of this phylum (and most members of the CPR).
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Hence the traditional sub-phylum "Turbellaria" is paraphyletic, since it does not include the Neodermata although these are descendants of a sub-group of "turbellarians".
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Hence the traditional sub-phylum "Turbellaria" is paraphyletic, since it does not include the Neodermata although these are descendants of a sub-group of "turbellarians".
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"Phylum Rhodophyta: Red algae." In D. P. Gordon (Ed.) New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. Volume three. Kingdoms Bacteria, Protozoa, Chromista, Plantae, Fungi (pp. 327–346).
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Heteroscleromorpha is a subclass of demosponges within the phylum Porifera.van Soest, R. (2016). Heteroscleromorpha. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2017-02-17.
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The pemK RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics. pemK motif RNAs are found in organisms within the phylum Firmicutes, and is very widespread in this phylum. pemK motif RNAs likely function as cis-regulatory elements, in view of their positions upstream of protein-coding genes. Indeed, the RNAs are upstream of multiple genes that encode non-homologous proteins.
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Priapulida (priapulid worms, from Gr. πριάπος, priāpos 'Priapus' + Lat. -ul-, diminutive), sometimes referred to as penis worms, is a phylum of unsegmented marine worms. The name of the phylum relates to the Greek god of fertility, because their general shape and their extensible spiny introvert (eversible proboscis) may recall the shape of a penis. They live in the mud and in comparatively shallow waters up to deep.
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It is the first representative of a new class in the phylum Armatimonadetes. It represents the first cultured representative of the Chthonomonadetes, corresponding with Group 3 of the phylum Armatimonadetes. Fimbriimonas ginsengisoli, an aerobic, non-motile, mesophilic, rod-shaped bacterium, was isolated from a ginseng field soil sample. It represents the first cultured representative of the Fimbriimonadia class, corresponding with Group 4 of the phylumArmatimonadetes.
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Most Euglenozoa are photoautotrophic, but some are chemoorganotrophs (saprophytic). They are commonly found in freshwater. The members of the phylum Euglenozoa have a pellicle for support, a red eye spot called a stigma to orient the cell toward light, chlorophyll a and b to assist in the process of photosynthesis, contractile vacuoles, and flagella. 260x260px One major pathogen from the phylum Euglenozoa is Leishmania.
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Monera () (Greek - μονήρης (monḗrēs), "single", "solitary") is a kingdom that contains unicellular organisms with a prokaryotic cell organization (having no nuclear membrane), such as bacteria. They are single-celled organisms with no true nuclear membrane (prokaryotic organisms). The taxon Monera was first proposed as a phylum by Ernst Haeckel in 1866. Subsequently, the phylum was elevated to the rank of kingdom in 1925 by Édouard Chatton.
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The Aquificae phylum is a diverse collection of bacteria that live in harsh environmental settings. The name 'Aquificae' was given to this phylum based on an early genus identified within this group, Aquifex (“water maker”), which is able to produce water by oxidizing hydrogen. They have been found in springs, pools, and oceans. They are autotrophs, and are the primary carbon fixers in their environments.
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Elusimicrobium minutum is an ultramicrobacterium and first acceptedVALIDATION LIST N° 132. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2010, 60, 469–472 member to be cultured of a major bacterial lineage previously known only as candidate phylum Termite Gut 1 (TG1), which has accordingly been renamed phylum Elusimicrobia. It was isolated in the laboratory of Andreas Brune at the Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, from the scarab beetle.
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The "Aigarchaeota" are a proposed archaeal phylum of which the main representative is Caldiarchaeum subterraneum.. It is not yet clear if this represents a new phylum or a thaumarchaeal order, since the genome of Caldiarchaeum subterraneum encodes several thaumarchaeal features.. The name "Aigarchaeota" comes from the Greek , avgí, meaning "dawn" or "aurora", for the intermediate features of hyperthermophilic and mesophilic life during the evolution of its lineage.
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Revtraviricetes is a class of viruses that contains all viruses that encode a reverse transcriptase. The group includes all ssRNA-RT and dsDNA-RT viruses. It is the sole class in the phylum Artverviricota, which is the sole phylum in the kingdom Pararnavirae. The name of the group is a portmanteau of "reverse transcriptase" and -viricetes which is the suffix for a virus class.
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Second, anaerobic methane oxidation (AMO) coupled to nitrite reduction links the global carbon and nitrogen cycles, and thus denitrifying methanotrophs in the NC10 phylum may influence methane content in the atmosphere. Third, this finding opens the possibility that oxygen was available in the atmosphere prior to the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis and the Great Oxidation Event, which challenges certain aspects of modern theories regarding the evolution of early life on Earth. The NC10 phylum was first proposed in 2003 on the basis of highly divergent 16S rRNA gene sequences from aquatic microbial formations in flooded caves (Nullarbor caves, Australia). The first genome insights for the phylum were published in 2010.
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The emergence of true nervous tissue occurred following divergence in the last common ancestor of Porifera (sponges) and Cnidaria and Ctenophora. The existence of nerve nets is best understood by studying the outgroup of Porifera and researching contemporary organisms that have nerve nets. Metazoan phylogenetic showing the phylum Cnidaria Porifera is an extant phylum within the animal kingdom, and species belonging to this phylum do not have nervous systems. Although Porifera do not form synapses and myofibrils which allow for neuromuscular transmission, they do differentiate a proto-neuronal system and contain homologs of several genes found in Cnidaria which are important in nerve formation.
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Verongimorpha is the name of a subclass of sea sponges within the phylum Porifera. It was first authenticated and described by Erpenbeck et al. in 2012.
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Chagasella is a genus of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this genus infect insects of the order Hemiptera and of the family Termitoidae.
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Agamococcidiorida is an order within the subclass Coccidia of the phylum Apicomplexia. All members of this order are parasitic protozoa. They are found in marine annelids.
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Polysporella is a genus in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this genus infect birds. This genus has been poorly studied and little is known about it.
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Mariniflexile is a genus in the phylum Bacteroidetes (Bacteria). The various species have been recovered from sea water, sea urchins, springs, brackish water, and an oyster.
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The spotted steed belongs to the kingdom Animalia, the phylum Chordata, and the class Actinopterygii. Further, it belongs to the order Cypriniformes, and the subfamily Gobioninae.
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Paramuricea sp. Eunicea sp. Holaxonia is a suborder of soft corals, a member of the phylum Cnidaria.Holaxonia World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2011-12-03.
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Actinotalea is a genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria). As of 2015 the genus contains four described species, namely A. fermentans, formerly known as Cellulomonas fermentans.
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Thelazia californiensis is a nematode that originates in the genus Thelazia, which comes from phylum Nematoda. This worm has been known to cause Thelaziasis in hosts.
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Numerous hypotheses of rotifer interrelationships exist. The engimatic phylum Cycliophora may belong to Gnathifera, but other studies suggest that it is more closely related to the Entoprocta.
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Ascaridia galli is a parasitic roundworm belonging to the phylum Nematoda. Nematodes of the genus Ascaridia are essentially intestinal parasites of birds.Yamaguti, S.(1961). Systema Helminthum. 3.
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Tubastraea, also known as sun coral or sun polyps, is a genus of coral in the phylum Cnidaria. It is a cup coral in the family Dendrophylliidae.
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Gordian Worms: Factsheet. Queensland Museum. The phylum is placed along with the Ecdysozoa clade of moulting organisms that include the Arthropoda. Their closest relatives are the nematodes.
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Zooplankton within the phylum Crustacea also have a carapace. These include Cladocera, ostracods, and isopods, but isopods only have a developed "cephalic shield" carapace covering the head.
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Botanical taxonomy uses the rank of division in place of phylum. Some botany mnemonics follow one of the "King Phillip" variants, with David in place of Phillip.
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Methanococci is a class of methanogenic archaea in the phylum Euryarchaeota.See the NCBI webpage on Methanococci. Data extracted from the They can be mesophilic, thermophilic or hyperthermophilic.
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Because they are ascidians, they are part of the phylum chordata and have a notochord in the larval stage, but lose it when they metamorphose into adults.
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The phylum Archaeocyatha. Biological Reviews, 39, 232–258. #Hill, D. & Woods, J.T. (eds), 1964. Carboniferous fossils of Queensland. Queensland Palaeontographical Society, Brisbane, 1–32. #Hill, D., 1964.
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Lossinia lissetskii is a fossil marine organism from Precambrian strata of the White Sea area, in Russia. L. lissetskii is a member of the extinct phylum Proarticulata.
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Advenella is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria). The two members of the genus Tetrathiobacter were transferred to this genus, namely Tetrathiobacter kashmirensis and Tetrathiobacter mimigardefordensis.
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Acrocarpospora is a genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria). The major respiratory quinone is menaquinone MK-9(H(4)) and use madurose, an actinomycete whole-cell sugar.
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Pseudodiadematidae are members of the phylum Echinodermata. Their fossil remains date to the Cretaceous period (144 - 66.4 MYA). Its child geniuses are Acanthechinopsis, Acrocidaris, Acrotiaris and Aplodiadema.
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Vetulicolida is one of the two classes of the enigmatic extinct phylum Vetulicolia. It contains one order, Vetulicolata, which is divided into two families, Vetulicolidae and Didazoonidae.
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There were orthologs identified in most animals for which there were complete genome data. The most distant, yet still relevant, orthologs identified were invertebrates from phylum Cnidaria.
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The oesophageal pouches (also known as sugar glands) are a pair of pouches connected to the oesophagus of all molluscs, and represent a synapomorphy of the phylum.
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They were made of individual cells occasionally organized into colonies. Over the following 70 or 80 million years the rate of evolution accelerated by an order of magnitude. Normally rates of evolution are measured by the extinction and origination rate of species, but here we can say that by the end of the Cambrian every phylum, or almost every phylum, existed. The diversity of life began to resemble that of today.
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Wang’s research investigates the diversity and geochemical processes of microbes living in marine sediments. By sequencing DNA from Archaea, Wang’s group determined that the Bathyarchaeota, a group of Archaea that are abundant in marine sediments, is its own distinct phylum. She named the phylum in 2014. She provided genetic evidence that some Bathyarchaeota are capable of converting carbon dioxide to acetate to generate energy in a process called homoacetogenesis.
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Campanulariidae is a family of animals in the phylum Cnidaria, or stinging- celled animals. Campanulariidae is composed entirely of hydroids, a Greek term meaning "water animals" applied to the plant-like polyp colonies of the class Hydrozoa. All species of the Campanulariidae are aquatic in habitat, primarily inhabiting coastal regions and tidal pools. Obelia contains probably the most well-known species of this phylum, and include four species.
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Mesophillic Crenarchaeotes were recently placed into a new phylum of Archaea called the Thaumarchaeota. However there are very few molecular markers that can distinguish this group of archaea from the phylum Crenarchaeota. A detailed phylogenetic study using the CSI approach was conducted to distinguish these phyla in molecular terms. 6 CSIs were uniquely found in various Thaumarchaeota, namely Cenarchaeum symbiosum, Nitrosopumilus maritimus and a number of uncultured marine crenarchaeotes.
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Fertabacteria is a candidate bacterial phylum of the Candidate Phyla Radiation, first proposed in 2017 after analysis of a genome from the mouth of a bottlenose dolphin. Members of this phylum are predicted to have been widely under-detected in 16S rRNA gene-based surveys of community composition due to mismatches between commonly used primers and the corresponding primer site. Fertabacteria have been retroactively detected in a variety of environments.
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However, some are symbiotes of other animals, such as crustaceans, and some are parasites. Free- living turbellarians are mostly black, brown or gray, but some larger ones are brightly colored. The Acoela and Nemertodermatida were traditionally regarded as turbellarians, but are now regarded as members of a separate phylum, the Acoelomorpha, or as two separate phyla. Xenoturbella, a genus of very simple animals, has also been reclassified as a separate phylum.
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Lenarviricota is a phylum of RNA viruses, which includes all positive-strand RNA viruses, which infect prokaryotes. Some members also infect eukaryotes. The name of the group is a portmanteau of the names of member families "Leviviridae and Narnaviridae" and -viricota which is the suffix for a virus phylum. It has been suggested that the origin of Lenarviricota may predate that of the last universal common ancestor (LUCA).
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The major ranks: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species, applied to the red fox, Vulpes vulpes. In biological classification, taxonomic rank is the relative level of a group of organisms (a taxon) in a taxonomic hierarchy. Examples of taxonomic ranks are species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain, etc. A given rank subsumes under it less general categories, that is, more specific descriptions of life forms.
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Bougainvillia aberrans consists of the hydroid colony with soft curly perisarc polysiphonic hydrocaulus, hydranths including 16 tentacles maximum, and medusa buds. Hydroid is part of the Cnidaria phylum. So, B. aberrans are radial symmetry, that they have cnidae that are unique sting structures unique to this phylum. Bougainvillia aberrans is different from other hydranths species because B. abberans have a lengthy spindled manubrium, negligible tentacles, and survive for a short period.
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Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Hymenoptera. Suborder: Apocrita. Bees are the primary pollinators of terrestrial flowering plants. The hairs within its body helps to function as efficient pollinators.
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They are from the phylum Mastigophora. They can cause diseases and are typically heterotrophic. They reproduce by binary fission. They spend most of their existence moving or feeding.
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However, some fungi in each of these phyla have evolved other methods for maintaining the dikaryons, and therefore neither croziers nor clamp connections are ubiquitous in either phylum.
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In the taxonomic scheme endorsed by the International Society of Protistologists, which eliminates formal rank designations such as "phylum" and "class", "Ciliophora" is an unranked taxon within Alveolata.
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Mycobacterium goodii is an acid-fast bacterial species in the phylum Actinobacteria and the genus Mycobacterium.Brown et al. 1999. Mycobacterium wolinskyi sp. nov. and Mycobacterium goodii sp. nov.
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Parvilucifera infectans Norén et moestrup gen. et sp. nov. (perkinsozoa phylum nov.): A parasitic flagellate capable of killing toxic microalgae. European Journal of Protistology, 35(3), 233-254.
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Adelina is a genus of alveolates within the phylum Apicomplexa. They are coccidian parasites of arthropods and oligochaetes. Host orders include Coleoptera, Diptera, Collembola, Embioptera, Lepidoptera and Orthoptera.
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Sea daisies (infraclass Concentricycloidea; order Peripodida) make up an unusual group of deep-sea taxa belonging to the phylum Echinodermata, with three species described in the genus Xyloplax.
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The SSU region has been used most frequently in ecological studies, while the ITS and LSU regions have been predominantly used in taxonomic constructions of the phylum Glomeromycota.
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Adelea is a genus of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexa. The name is derived from the Greek word adēlos (meaning unseen) The genus was created by Mesnili.
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However, there is one contemporary caveat: Paleobiologists and microbiologists in the 21st century no longer classify one-celled "animal-like" microbes either as invertebrates or as animals. For example, the commonly fossilized foraminifera ("forams") and radiolarians—zooplankton both formerly grouped under either an animal phylum or animal sub-kingdom called Protozoa ("first animals")—are now placed in the kingdom or super-kingdom Protista or Protoctista (and thus called protists or protoctists). Thus modern invertebrate paleontologists deal largely with fossils of this more strictly defined Animal Kingdom (excepting Phylum Chordata), Phylum Chordata being the exclusive focus of vertebrate paleontology. Protist fossils are then the main focus of micropaleontology, while plant fossils are the chief focus paleobotany.
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Pythonella is a genus of parasitic alveolates belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa. This genus was created by Ray and Das-Gupta in 1937. The type species is Pythonella bengalensis.
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Cytauxzoon is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. The name is derived from the Greek meaning an increase in the number of cells in an animal.
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The only member of the ciliate phylum known to be pathogenic to humans is Balantidium coli, which causes the disease balantidiasis. It is not pathogenic to the domestic pig.
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" Nature 351 (May 16): 225-228. that Conway Morris' reconstruction was inverted upside down, and likely belonged to the modern phylum Onychophora.Gould, S. J. (1992). "The reversal of Hallucigenia.
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Balantidium coli is a parasitic species of ciliate alveolates that causes the disease balantidiasis. It is the only member of the ciliate phylum known to be pathogenic to humans.
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Octosporella is a genus in the phylum Apicomplexa. This genus has been poorly studied and little is known about it. Species in this genus infect fish, lizards and echidnas.
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The phylum Sarcomastigophora belongs to the Protista or protoctista kingdom and it includes many unicellular or colonial, autotrophic, or heterotrophic organisms. It is characterized by flagellae, pseudopodia, or both.
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Amphiporus lactifloreus is a species of ribbon worm in the phylum Nemertea. It is found on the lower shore, under stones, in shingle and amongst the fronds of seaweed.
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Phoronopsis is a genus of horseshoe worm in the family Phoronidae, in the phylum Phoronida. The members of the genus live in tubes at the bottom of the sea.
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Phoronis psammophila is a species of marine horseshoe worm in the phylum Phoronida. It lives in a tube projecting from the sea floor in shallow seas around the world.
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Diatoms belong to a large group called the heterokonts, which include both autotrophs such as golden algae and kelp; and heterotrophs such as water moulds. The classification of heterokonts is still unsettled: they may be designated a division, phylum, kingdom, or something intermediate to those. Consequently, diatoms are ranked anywhere from a class, usually called Diatomophyceae or Bacillariophyceae, to a division (=phylum), usually called Bacillariophyta, with corresponding changes in the ranks of their subgroups.
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Proarticulata is a proposed phylum of extinct, bilaterally symmetrical animals known from fossils found in the Ediacaran (Vendian) marine deposits, and dates to approximately . The name comes from the Greek () = "before" and Articulata, i.e. prior to animals with true segmentation such as annelids and arthropods. This phylum was established by Mikhail A. Fedonkin in 1985 for such animals as Dickinsonia, Vendia, Cephalonega, Praecambridium and currently many other Proarticulata are described (see list).
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Chthonomonas calidirosea is a Gram-negative bacterium and also the first representative of the new class Chthonomonadetes within the phylum Armatimonadetes. The Armatimonadetes were previously known as candidate phylum OP10. OP10 was composed solely of environmental 16S rRNA gene clone sequences prior to C. calidirosea's relative, Armatimonas rosea's discovery. It is now known that bacterial communities from geothermal environments, are generally constituted by, at least 5–10% of bacteria belonging to Armatimonadetes.
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This phylum is considered to have two sister phyla: Chlamydiae and Lentisphaerae within the PVC group. The Verrucomicrobia phylum can be distinguished from neighbouring phyla within the PVC group by the presence of several conserved signature indels (CSIs). These CSIs represent unique, synapomorphic characteristics that suggest common ancestry within Verrucomicrobia and an independent lineage amidst other bacteria. CSIs have also been found that are shared by Verrucomicrobia and Chlamydiae exclusively of all other bacteria.
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Unlike Cnidarians, Ctenophores have neurons that use electrochemical signaling. This was perplexing because the phylum Ctenophora was considered to be more ancient than that of Porifera (sponges), which have no nervous system at all. This led to the rise of two theories which described how the early nervous system came about. One theory stated that the nervous system came about in an ancestor basal to all of these phylum, however was lost in Porifera.
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With the Trichodoridae, the Longoridae form the two Enoplea nematode families known to be plant parasites, though from different subclasses, and the only virus vectors (particularly nepoviruses) in phylum Nematoda.
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M. cicadina belongs to the phylum Zoopagomycota, subphylum Entomophthoromycota, and order Entomophthorales. About a dozen other species of Massospora are known, each of which attacks a specific species of cicada.
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Epieimeria is a genus of parasitic alveaolates of the phylum Apicomplexa. The genus was created in 1981 by Dyková and Lom. Species in this genus were earlier classified as Eimeria.
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This species is also part of the genus Serixia, order Coleoptera, class Insecta, phylum Arthropoda, and kingdom Animalia. These beetles can drill into wood and cause damage to live wood.
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Mesnilium is a genus of parasitic alveolates belonging to the phylum Apicomplexia. Its vertebrate hosts are fish. The vectors are not presently known but are thought likely to be leeches.
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Acaricomes is a genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria). The etymology of the genus is N.L. masc. pl. n. acari, the mites; L. masc. n. comes, companion; N.L. masc. n.
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Trachymedusae belong to the phylum Cnidaria and the class Hydrozoa, among the 30 genera are 5 families containing around 50 species in all, the family Rhopalonematidae has the greatest diversity.
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Acetoanaerobium is a genus in the phylum Firmicutes (Bacteria). The genus contains a single species, namely A. noterae which is an anaerobic bacterium that produces acetate from H2 and CO2.
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Haemohormidium is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexia. They have two hosts in their life cycle: the vertebrate hosts are fish and the invertebrate vectors are leeches.
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Hepatocystis bainae is a species of parasitic alveolates belonging to the phylum Apicomplexia Species in this genus are parasitic unicellular eukaryotes transmitted by flies of the genus Culicoides and infect mammals.
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The larvae of echinoderms, especially starfish and sea urchins, are pelagic, and with the aid of ocean currents can be transported for great distances, reinforcing the global distribution of the phylum.
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MicroRNAs play a vital role in the regulation of gene expression in all non- ctenophore animals investigated thus far except for Trichoplax adhaerens, the only known member of the phylum Placozoa.
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Microgenomates was originally thought to be a single phylum although evidence suggests it actually encompasses over 11 bacterial phyla, including Curtisbacteria, Daviesbacteria, Levybacteria, Gottesmanbacteria, Woesebacteria, Amesbacteria, Shapirobacteria, Roizmanbacteria, Beckwithbacteria, Collierbacteria, Pacebacteria.
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Mycobacterium haemophilum is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram- positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
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Mycobacterium gastri is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
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Mycobacterium gadium is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
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Mycobacterium fallax is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
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Mycobacterium flavescens is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram- positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
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Mycobacterium alvei is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
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Mycobacterium agri is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
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Mycobacterium duvalii is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
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Mycobacterium diernhoferi is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram- positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
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Mycobacterium cookii is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
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Mycobacterium conspicuum is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram- positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
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Mycobacterium heckeshornense is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram- positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
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Mycobacterium komossense is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram- positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
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Scientist have an advantage when using the phylum Mollusca to study color variations, they are able to use the visible coloring to search for genes that are involved in color synthesis.
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Mycobacterium interjectum is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram- positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
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Mycobacterium hodleri is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
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Mycobacterium holsaticum is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram- positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
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Phycomyces is a genus of fungus in the Zygomycota phylum. They are known for their strong phototropism response and helical growth of the sporangium. The best studied species is Phycomyces blakesleeanus.
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Pleurobrachia bachei is a member of the phylum Ctenophora and is commonly referred to as a sea gooseberry. These comb jellies are often mistaken for medusoid Cnidaria, but lack stinging cells.
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Perkinsus marinus is a species of alveolates belonging to the phylum Perkinsozoa.Joseph, S., et al. (2010). The alveolate Perkinsus marinus: biological insights from EST gene discovery. BMC Genomics 11(1), 228.
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Schistosomatids are dioecious (individuals are of separate sexes) which is exceptional with regards to their phylum, Platyhelminthes, in which most species are hermaphrodidic (individuals possess both male and female reproductive systems).
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Akkermansia is a genus in the phylum Verrucomicrobia (Bacteria). The genus was first proposed in 2004 by Muriel Derrien and others, with the type species Akkermansia muciniphila (gen. nov., sp. nov).
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Gelidiella is a genus of red algae (phylum Rhodophyta). Worldwide there are 22 species of Gelidiella, mostly tropical and subtropical. Gelidiella and Gelidium are now both united into one order Gelidiales.
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There is no doubt that the phylum Nemertea is monophyletic (meaning that the phylum includes all and only descendants of one ancestor that was also a member of the phylum). The synapomorphies (trait shared by an ancestor and all its descendants, but not by other groups) include the eversible proboscis located in the rhynchocoel. While Ruppert, Fox and Barnes (2004) treat the Palaeonemertea as monophyletic, Thollesson and Norenburg (2003) regard them as paraphyletic and basal (contains the ancestors of the more recent clades). The Anopla ("unarmed") represent an evolutionary grade of nemerteans without stylets (comprising the Heteronemertea and the Palaeonemerteans), while Enopla ("armed") are monophyletic, but find that Palaeonemertea is doubly paraphyletic, having given rise to both the Heteronemertea and the Enopla.
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It was named for the phylum Crenarchaeota, to which the ammonia-oxidizing pelagic archaea that produce crenarchaeol were thought to belong before it was proposed that the Marine Group I Crenarchaeota be considered a distinct phylum, Thaumarchaeota. Crenarchaeol was originally thought to be produced only in pelagic ocean environments, but researchers have since discovered that it is also produced by archaea living in high temperature environments including hot springs like this one. Crenarchaeol is produced by AOA belonging to the phylum Thaumarchaeota (formerly classified as the Marine Group 1 Crenarchaeota). It has been confirmed to be produced by pure cultures of the pelagic mesothermic C. symbiosum and Nitrosopumilus maritimus, as well as the moderately thermophilic Nitrososphaera gargensis and the hyperthrmophilic Candidatus Nitrosocaldus yellowstonii.
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For example, the bearded worms were described as a new phylum (the Pogonophora) in the middle of the 20th century, but molecular work almost half a century later found them to be a group of annelids, so the phyla were merged (the bearded worms are now an annelid family). On the other hand, the highly parasitic phylum Mesozoa was divided into two phyla (Orthonectida and Rhombozoa) when it was discovered the Orthonectida are probably deuterostomes and the Rhombozoa protostomes. This changeability of phyla has led some biologists to call for the concept of a phylum to be abandoned in favour of cladistics, a method in which groups are placed on a "family tree" without any formal ranking of group size.
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The Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus first described the worm Sipunculus nudus in his Systema naturae in 1767. In 1814, the French zoologist Constantine Samuel Rafinesque used the word "Sipuncula" to describe the family (now Sipunculidae), and in time, the term came to be used for the whole phylum. This is a relatively understudied group, and it is estimated there may be around 162 species worldwide. The phylogenetic placement of this phylum in the past has proved troublesome.
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From these ground-plans, Cuvier separated the known animal kingdom into four branches or ': Vertebrata, Articulata, Mollusca and Radiata. From this phylogenetic grouping, the Articulata hypothesis was born. The Articulata hypothesis, simply stated, is the phylogenetic grouping of the phylum Annelida (which includes polychaetes, oligochaetes, and leeches) together with the phylum Arthropoda (arachnids, insects and crustaceans) into the common taxon Articulata. Cuvier grouped these diverse phyla together according to the common structural feature: the segmented body plan.
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Klossiella is a genus of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this genus infect the renal tract of mammals and intestinal tract of snakes. The type species is Klossiella muris.
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Mycobacterium fortuitum is a nontuberculous species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
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Ackermannviridae is a family of viruses in the order Caudovirales. Gammaproteobacteria in the phylum Proteobacteria serve as natural hosts. There are currently 2 subfamilies, 4 genera, and 21 species in the family.
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Mameliella is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria). The name Mameliella derives from: New Latin feminine gender dim. noun Mameliella, arbitrary name derived from the acronym MMEL, marine microbial ecology laboratory.
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The name "Kryptonia" is derived from the Greek work "krupton", which means "hidden" or "secret". This is a nod to the phylum having hitherto eluded detection due to SSU rRNA primer biases.
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Plexauridae is a family of marine colonial octocorals in the phylum Cnidaria. Members of this family are found in shallow tropical and subtropical seas. Many species contain symbiotic photosynthetic protists called zooxanthellae.
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Concelho Nacional de Desemvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico CNPq Brasilia. 43p.Cutler, Edward B. & Gibbs, Peter E. (1985): A Phylogenetic analysis of higher taxa in the Phylum Sipuncula. Systematic Zoology 34(2):162-173.
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Chytridiomycetes is the major class of the phylum Chytridiomycota, which contains a number of parasitic species. At least two species in this class are known to infect a number of amphibian species.
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Deinococcus apachensis is a species of bacteria in the phylum Deinococcus- Thermus. Strains of this species were isolated from soil samples from Arizona after exposure to more than 15 kGy of radiation.
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Cyrilia is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexia. The genus was created by Lainson in 1981. Species in this genus infect fresh water fish and are transmitted by leeches.
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Dorisa is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. The genus was separated from the genus Dorisiella by Levine in 1908.Levine ND (1980) Dorisa n. gen. (Protozoa, Apicomplexa, Eimeriidae).
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About 2200 species of rotifers have been described. Their taxonomy is currently in a state of flux. One treatment places them in the phylum Rotifera, with three classes: Seisonidea, Bdelloidea and Monogononta., p.
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In 1869-70 he divided the phylum Bryozoa into two groups, Endoprocta and Ectoprocta,Google Books. Nielson, Claus (2012). Animal Evolution: Interrelationships of the Living Phyla, Third Edition. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
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Lecanoromycetes is the largest class of lichenized fungi. It belongs to the subphylum Pezizomycotina in the phylum Ascomycota. The asci (spore-bearing cells) of the Lecanoromycetes most often release spores by rostrate dehiscence.
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C20orf96 is found in many eukaryotes. Orthologs have been found in most organisms in the kingdom animalia, with the lineage going back to the phylum Chordata. No paralogs for C20orf96 have been found.
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The Korowai language belongs to the Awyu–Dumut family (southeastern Papua) and is part of the Trans–New Guinea phylum. A dictionary and grammar book have been produced by a Dutch missionary linguist.
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The Desulfurellaceae are a small family of Proteobacteria, given their own order.NCBI However, it was recently proposed that the class Epsilonproteobacteria be combined with the order Desulfurellales to create the new phylum Epsilonbacteraeota.
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Mycobacterium genavense is a slow-growing species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
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T. asteroides was determined to be conspecific with Fissuricella filamenta on the basis of DNA/DNA reassociation. Modern classifications support the affiliation of this species with the order Tremellales in the phylum Basidiomycota.
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The discovery that crenarchaeol in Ca. N. yellowstonii and N. gargensis disproved the previous consensus that crenarchaeol was specific to mesothermic Thaumarchaeota and suggests that it is found more broadly within the phylum.
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Microsporum canis is a pathogenic, asexual fungus in the phylum Ascomycota that infects the upper, dead layers of skin on domesticated cats, and occasionally dogs and humans. The species has a worldwide distribution.
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Actinosporangium was a genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria). This genus has been reclassified to the genus Streptomyces. The both species Actinosporangium violaceum and Actinosporangium vitaminophilum are now Streptomyces paradoxus and Streptomyces vitaminophilus.
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Gluconacetobacter is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria). In 2012, several species previously classified under the Gluconacetobacter species were reclassified under the new genus Komagataeibacter, including the cellulose producing species Komagataeibacter xylinus.
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Mariprofundus ferrooxydans is a neutrophilic, chemolithotrophic, Gram-negative bacterium which can grow by oxidising ferrous to ferric iron. It is one of the few members of the class Zetaproteobacteria in the phylum Proteobacteria.
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Priapulus caudatus is a marine invertebrate belonging to the phylum Priapulida, the penis worms. It is a cylindrical, unsegmented worm which burrows in soft sediment on the seabed. It has a circumpolar distribution.
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Two clades of dsRNA viruses exist: the phylum Duplornaviricota and the class Duplopiviricetes, which is in the phylum Pisuviricota. Both are included in the kingdom Orthornavirae in the realm Riboviria. Based on phylogenetic analysis of RdRp, the two clades do not share a common dsRNA ancestor but are instead separately descended from different positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses. In the Baltimore classification system, which groups viruses together based on their manner of mRNA synthesis, dsRNA viruses are group III.
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Phylogenetic trees that are based on small subunit rRNA suggest that Aquificales are some of the earliest bacteria that branched from Archaea. However, phylogenetic trees based on protein contradict this argument. The exact phylogeny is hard to determine because of this and the many horizontal gene transfers within the lineage. These factors lead many to believe the phylum of Aquifex is basal next to Thermotogae, another hyperthermophilic phylum, or are a part of the Epsilonproteobacteria, a highly diverse group of hydrothermal dwelling species.
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This suggests that an organism in of the phylum Thermotogae was the most recent common ancestor of modern bacteria. Further chemical and isotopic analysis of ancient rock reveals that by the Siderian period, roughly 2.45 billion years ago, oxygen had appeared. This indicates that oceanic, photosynthetic Cyanobacteria evolved during this period because they were the first microbes to produce oxygen as a byproduct of their metabolic process. Therefore, this phylum was thought to have been predominant roughly 2.3 billion years ago.
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However, some scientists argue they could have lived as early as 2.7 billion years ago, as this was roughly before the time of the Great Oxygenation Event, meaning oxygen levels had time to increase in the atmosphere before it altered the ecosystem during this event. The rise in atmospheric oxygen led to the evolution of Proteobacteria. Today this phylum includes many nitrogen fixing bacteria, pathogens, and free-living microorganisms. This phylum evolved approximately 1.5 billion years ago during the Paleoproterozoic era.
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Most of the culturable and well-investigated species of archaea are members of two main phyla, the Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. Other groups have been tentatively created, like the peculiar species Nanoarchaeum equitans, which was discovered in 2003 and has been given its own phylum, the Nanoarchaeota. A new phylum Korarchaeota has also been proposed. It contains a small group of unusual thermophilic species that shares features of both of the main phyla, but is most closely related to the Crenarchaeota.
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Montgomery's earliest papers concerned ribbon worms (phylum Nemertea), a group on which he would write 10 papers. He also published 10 papers on horsehair worms (phylum Nematomorpha) and two on rotifers. Montgomery wrote 14 scientific articles on spiders, and he was known to keep large amounts in his laboratory and home from which he recorded observations of courtship, mating, and other behaviors. He wrote on the taxonomy of wolf spiders (family Lycosidae), lynx spiders (Oxyopidae), and nursery web spiders (Pisauridae).
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Penutian is a proposed grouping of language families that includes many Native American languages of western North America, predominantly spoken at one time in British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and California. The existence of a Penutian stock or phylum has been the subject of debate among specialists. Even the unity of some of its component families has been disputed. Some of the problems in the comparative study of languages within the phylum are the result of their early extinction and limited documentation.
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1950) asserted that Beja constituted an independent sub-group of Cushitic. During the 1960s, Archibald N. Tucker (1960) posited an orthodox branch of Cushitic that comprised Beja, East Cushitic and Agaw, and a fringe branch of Cushitic that included other languages in the phylum. Although also similar to Reinisch's paradigm, Tucker's orthodox-fringe dichotomy was predicated on a different typological approach. Andrzej Zaborski (1976) suggested, on the basis of genetic features, that Beja constituted the only member of the North Cushitic sub-phylum.
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Lenarviricota is the second +ssRNA phylum. It contains the family Leviviridae, which infect prokaryotes, and the apparent descendants of leviviruses, which infect eukaryotes. The phylum is divided into four classes: Allassoviricetes, which contains leviviruses and their relatives, Amabiliviricetes, which contains narnaviruses and their relatives, Howeltoviricetes, which contains mitoviruses and their relatives, and Miaviricetes, which contains botourmiaviruses and their relatives. Based on phylogenetic analysis of RdRp, all other RNA viruses are considered to comprise a sister clade in relation to Lenarviricota.
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Importantly, marine toxic aerosols have been found as far as 4 km inland, but investigators recommend additional studies that trace the fate of bioaerosols further inland. The fungi phylum of Ascomycota has been understood as the major contributor (72% in relative proportion to other phyla) to marine bioaerosols, at least in the Southern Ocean. Of these, Agaricomycetes constitutes the majority (95%) of fungi classes inside this phylum. Within this group, the Penicillium genus is most frequently detected in marine fungi aerosols.
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The Thaumarchaeota or Thaumarchaea (from the ) are a phylum of the Archaea proposed in 2008 after the genome of Cenarchaeum symbiosum was sequenced and found to differ significantly from other members of the hyperthermophilic phylum Crenarchaeota. Three described species in addition to C. symbosium are Nitrosopumilus maritimus, Nitrososphaera viennensis, and Nitrososphaera gargensis. The phylum was proposed in 2008 based on phylogenetic data, such as the sequences of these organisms' ribosomal RNA genes, and the presence of a form of type I topoisomerase that was previously thought to be unique to the eukaryotes. This assignment was confirmed by further analysis published in 2010 that examined the genomes of the ammonia-oxidizing archaea Nitrosopumilus maritimus and Nitrososphaera gargensis, concluding that these species form a distinct lineage that includes Cenarchaeum symbiosum.
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According to Art 3.1 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) the most important ranks of taxa are: kingdom, division or phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. According to Art 4.1 the secondary ranks of taxa are tribe, section, series, variety and form. There is an indeterminate number of ranks. The ICN explicitly mentions: \---- primary ranks :secondary ranks ::further ranks \---- kingdom (regnum) ::subregnum division or phylum (divisio, phylum) ::subdivisio or subphylum class (classis) ::subclassis order (ordo) ::subordo \---- family (familia) ::subfamilia :tribe (tribus) ::subtribus genus (genus) ::subgenus :section (sectio) ::subsection :series (series) ::subseries species (species) ::subspecies :variety (varietas) ::subvarietas :form (forma) ::subforma \---- There are definitions of the following taxonomic categories in the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants: cultivar group, cultivar, grex.
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Aeropyrum pernix is a species of extremophile archaean in the archaean phylum Crenarchaeota. It is an obligatorily thermophilic species. The first specimens were isolated from sediments in the sea off the coast of Japan.
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The helmet jellyfish (Periphylla periphylla) is a luminescent, red-colored jellyfish of the deep sea, belonging to the order Coronatae of the phylum Cnidaria. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Periphylla.
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The Coniocybaceae are a lichenized family of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. This family cannot yet be taxonomically classified in any of the ascomycetous classes and orders with any degree of certainty (incertae sedis).
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The Eoterfeziaceae are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. This family can not yet be taxonomically classified in any of the ascomycetous classes and orders with any degree of certainty (incertae sedis).
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The Xanthopyreniaceae are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. This family can not yet be taxonomically classified in any of the ascomycetous classes and orders with any degree of certainty (incertae sedis).
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The Thelocarpaceae are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. This family can not yet be taxonomically classified in any of the ascomycetous classes and orders with any degree of certainty (incertae sedis).
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The Saccardiaceae are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. This family can not yet be taxonomically classified in any of the ascomycetous classes and orders with any degree of certainty (incertae sedis).
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The Seuratiaceae are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. This family can not yet be taxonomically classified in any of the ascomycetous classes and orders with any degree of certainty (incertae sedis).
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The Pleurotremataceae are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. This family can not yet be taxonomically classified in any of the ascomycetous classes and orders with any degree of certainty (incertae sedis).
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The Phyllobatheliaceae are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. This family can not yet be taxonomically classified in any of the ascomycetous classes and orders with any degree of certainty (incertae sedis).
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The Mastodiaceae are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. This family can not yet be taxonomically classified in any of the ascomycetous classes and orders with any degree of certainty (incertae sedis).
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Saussurea Costus falls within the Kingdom: Plantae, Phylum: Tracheophyta, Class: Magnoliopsida, Order: Asterales, Family: Compositae.Saha, D., Ved, D., Ravikumar, K. & Haridasan, K. 2015. Saussurea costus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e.
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Nitritalea halalkaliphila gen. nov., sp. nov., an alkaliphilic bacterium of the family ‘Cyclobacteriaceae’, phylum Bacteroidetes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 60: 2320–2325.Kumar PA, Srinivas TNR, Madhu S, Manorama R, Shivaji S. (2010).
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Archaeoglobus is a genus of the phylum Euryarchaeota.See the NCBI webpage on Archaeoglobus. Data extracted from the Archaeoglobus can be found in high- temperature oil fields where they may contribute to oil field souring.
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Dehalogenimonas lykanthroporepellens is an anaerobic, Gram-negative bacteria in the phylum Chloroflexi isolated from a Superfund site in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. It is useful in bioremediation for its ability to reductively dehalogenate chlorinated alkanes.
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Acetanaerobacterium is a genus in the phylum Firmicutes (Bacteria). The genus contains a single species, A. elongatum ( Chen and Dong 2004, sp. nov.).CHEN (S.) and DONG (X.): Acetanaerobacterium elongatum gen. nov., sp. nov.
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Yekora is a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. It is part of the Binandere family of the Trans–New Guinea phylum of languages, and is close particularly close to Zia.
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The Benthimermithida are also occasionally placed here. The Ascaridida appear to be nested within Rhabditida. A part of the Nematoda phylum, one of the nine main phyla. Along with other certain species of roundworms.
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The genus Septobasidium Pat. (1892) is a fungal genus within the phylum Basidiomycota, Class Puccinomycetes, Order Septobasidales, Family Septobasidiaceae. Approximately 175 described species are associated with this genus. Septobasidium species are known as Entomopathogens.
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Later whorls show spiral striae anteriorly on whorls and above shoulders.Annals of the South African Museum Vol. XLVIII (1963-1974) page 11Iredale, T., 1927. A review of Australian helmet shells (family Cassididae- phylum Mollusca).
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Zia is a Papuan language spoken in the Lower Waria Valley in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. It is part of the Binandere subgroup of the Trans–New Guinea phylum of languages (Ross, 2005).
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Acanthocephalus echigoensis is a species of parasitic worm in the phylum Acanthocephala. Found both in California and in Thailand, it has been known to parasitize the sockeye salmon, chum salmon, rainbow trout, and barramundi.
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Vetulicola is an extinct genus of marine animal from the Cambrian of China. It is the eponymous member of the enigmatic phylum Vetulicolia, which is of uncertain affinities but may belong to the deuterostomes.
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Synchytrium is a large genus of plant pathogens within the phylum Chytridiomycota. Species are commonly known as false rust or wart disease. Approximately 200 species are described,Karling, J.S. 1964. Synchytrium.Academic Press: New York.
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Dorisiella is a genus of parasitic alveolates belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa. This genus was created in 1930 by Ray.Ray HN (1930) Studies on some sporozoa in polychaete worms. II. Dorisiella scolelepidis, n. gen.
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Kreish is the name of an ethnic minority in South Sudan, Sudan, and the Central African Republic, which numbers in the tens of thousands. The Kreish speak various Kresh languages of the Nilo-Saharan phylum.
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This rodent is in the Kingdom Animalia. They are found in the Phylum Chordata, Class Mammalia, and Order Rodentia. Its specific epithet is named Juliomys ossitenuis. They belong to the Family Cricetidae and Subfamily Sigmodontinae.
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Clopton, R. E. (2002). Phylum Apicomplexa Levine, 1970: Order Eugregarinorida Léger, 1900. Pages 205-288. in: Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa, 2nd edition, J. J. Lee, G. Leedale, D. Patterson, and P. C. Bradbury, eds.
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Cephalochordates, one of the three subdivisions of chordates, are small, "vaguely fish-shaped" animals that lack brains, clearly defined heads and specialized sense organs. These burrowing filter-feeders compose the earliest-branching chordate sub-phylum.
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The Crenarchaeota (also known as Crenarchaea or eocytes) are archaea that have been classified as a phylum of the Archaea domain.See the NCBI webpage on CrenarchaeotaC.Michael Hogan. 2010. Archaea. eds. E.Monosson & C.Cleveland, Encyclopedia of Earth.
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Mycobacterium fluoranthenivorans is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium. Etymology: fluoranthenivorans, digesting fluoranthene.
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Perciformes is in the class Actinopterygii, which, is in the superclass Pisces. Pisces is in the phylum Chordata, which is in the kingdom Animalia.UniProt, in UniProt Taxonomy.N. Bailly, in World Register of Marine Species. (2008).
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Protococcidiorida is an order within the subclass Conoidasida of the phylum Apicomplexia. All members of this order are parasitic protozoa. The order was created by Kheisin in 1956. The species in this order infect annelids.
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It is a species in the phylum Firmicutes, in the class Bacilli, in the order Lactobacillales, in the family Lactobacillaceae and the genus Lactobacillus. It is one of 122 other species identified within the genus.
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Eimeriorina is a suborder of phylum Apicomplexa. All species in this clade are homoxenous or facultatively homoxenous. Merogony, gamogony and oocyst formation all occur within the same host. The hosts may be vertebrates or invertebrates.
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Kutzneria is a genus of bacteria in Phylum Actinobacteria. Three species of Kutzneria have been described as of 2001.Brock Biology of Microorganisms; Madigan (et al.); Pearson Education Inc., 2003; Appendix 2, pg. A-12.
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Caudofoveata is a small class within the phylum Mollusca, also known as Chaetodermomorpha. The class is often combined with Solenogastres and termed Aplacophora, but some studies have cast doubt on the monophyly of this group.
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The Synergistetes is a recently recognized phylum of anaerobic bacteria that show Gram-negative staining and have rod/vibrioid cell shape.Hugenholtz, P., Hooper, S.D., and Kyrpides, N.C. (2009). Focus: Synergistetes. Environ. Microbiol. 11, 1327–1329.
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Synaptula recta, sometimes known as the gut-like sea cucumber, is a species of sea cucumber in the family Synaptidae in the phylum Echinodermata. It occurs in shallow water in the tropical Indo-Pacific region.
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These lateral processes are thin and have a sharper angle between them, the axial lateral outgrowths are sharper than the middle of the colony. Ramellina has been assigned to the phylum Cnidaria by J. Sepkoski.
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Platyctenida is the only benthic group of organisms in the phylum Ctenophora. Platyctenida are considered to be a phylogenetically young group along with the orders Lobata and Beroida and are believed to have stemmed from an ancestral version of the order Cydippida, after some kind of bottleneck effect in the phylum. This has been supported by strong morphological and developmental data, specifically the sharing of what has been termed a "Cydippida-like" larva form in all 4 orders. Platyctenida is thought to be a polyphyletic group.
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Genetic, environmental, and psychological factors seem to be important in the development of IBS. Studies have shown that IBS has a genetic component even though there is a predominant influence of environmental factors. There is evidence that abnormalities occur in the gut flora of individuals who have IBS, such as reduced diversity, a decrease in bacteria belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes, and an increase in those belonging to the phylum Firmicutes. The changes in gut flora are most profound in individuals who have diarrhoea predominant IBS.
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Symbion is the name of a genus of commensal aquatic animals, less than 0.5 mm wide, found living attached to the mouthparts of cold-water lobsters. They have sac-like bodies, and three distinctly different forms in different parts of their two-stage life-cycle. They appear so different from other animals that they were assigned their own, new phylum Cycliophora shortly after they were discovered in 1995. This was the first new phylum of multicelled organism to be discovered since the Loricifera in 1983.
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Riftia pachyptila, commonly known as the giant tube worm, is a marine invertebrate in the phylum Annelida (formerly `grouped in phylum Pogonophora and Vestimentifera) related to tube worms commonly found in the intertidal and pelagic zones. R. pachyptila lives on the floor of the Pacific Ocean near hydrothermal vents, and can tolerate extremely high hydrogen sulfide levels. These worms can reach a length of , and their tubular bodies have a diameter of . Ambient temperature in their natural environment ranges from 2 to 30°C.
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NC10 is a bacterial phylum with candidate status, meaning its members remain uncultured to date. The difficulty in producing lab cultures may be linked to low growth rates and other limiting growth factors.. Methylomirabilis oxyfera, a member of the NC10 phylum, is the first organism discovered to couple methane oxidation to the reduction of nitrite to dinitrogen (N2). This is significant for several reasons. First, there are only three other biological pathways known to produce oxygen (photosynthesis, chlorate respiration, and the detoxification of reactive oxygen species).
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Xyloplax turnerae is a sea daisy, a member of an unusual group of marine taxa belonging to the phylum Echinodermata. It has been found living on decaying timber in a deep oceanic trench in the Bahamas.
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The Kretschmarr Cave mold beetle (Texamaurops reddelli) is a small mold beetle that is in the kingdom Animalia, the phylum Arthropoda, the class Insecta, the order Coleopetera (beetles), the suborder Polyphaga, the family Pselaphide (mold beetle).
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Cotylorhiza tuberculata is a species of jellyfish, of the phylum Cnidaria, also known as the Mediterranean jellyfish, Mediterranean jelly or fried egg jellyfish. It is commonly found in the Mediterranean Sea, Aegean Sea, and Adriatic Sea.
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Aspergillus candidus is a member of the genus Aspergillus in the family Trichocomaceae, phylum Ascomycota. A number of subspecies and varieties have been recognised including: A. candidus subsp. tjibodensis, A. candidus var. amylolyticus, A. candidus var.
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Marichromatium is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria). The name Marichromatium derives from: Latin mare, the sea; New Latin Chromatium, a genus name; to give Marichromatium, the Chromatium of the sea, the truly marine Chromatium.
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A recent classification has placed Trichothecium under the phylum Ascomycota since they produce conidial stages that are similar to the perfect fungi. Trichothecium roseum conidiophore depicted in line drawing from Popular Science Monthly Vol 9 (1876).
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Some species have been included because they are the largest of a habit type (such as Poison Oak as longest root climber) or as the longest member of their division or phylum (such as Equisetum giganteum).
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Sweet, W. C., & Cooper, B. J. (2008). CH Pander's introduction to conodonts, 1856. EPISODES, 31(4), 429-432.Sweet, Walter C. (1988) The Conodonta: morphology, taxonomy, paleoecology, and evolutionary history of a long-extinct animal phylum.
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Enoplea (enopleans) is a class, which with the classes SecernenteaTree of Life Web Project (ToL) (2002): Nematoda. Version of January 1, 2002. Retrieved November 2, 2008. and Chromadorea make up the phylum Nematoda in current taxonomy.
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Pfeifferinella is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. This genus has been poorly studied and little is known about it. Species in this genus infect marine priapulid worms and terrestrial and freshwater gastropods.
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Phylogenetic tree of the Chordate phylum. Lines show probable evolutionary relationships, including extinct taxa, which are denoted with a dagger, †. Some are invertebrates. The positions (relationships) of the Lancelet, Tunicate, and Craniata clades are as reported.
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Test (hard shell) of the sea potato Holothuria forskali (black sea cucumber) Ocnus planci, a sea cucumber Amphipholis squamata (brooding snake star, dwarf brittle star) There are 75 species of echinoderm (phylum Echinodermata) recorded in Ireland.
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Coprothermobacteraceae is a new bacterial family of rod-shaped microorganisms, belonging to the order Coprothermobacterales, class Coprothermobacteria of the new phylum Coprothermobacterota. The name of this family was given on the basis of an early genus identified within this group, dubbed "Coprothermobacter", whose etymology derives from Greek "kopros", meaning manure, and "thermos", warm, from the source where these bacteria were collected and the temperature conditions in which they are able to grow, which can be up to 75°C. This taxonomic family has been introduced in 2018, after a phylogenetic reclassification of the genus Coprothermobacter, which has been based on published studies that shown that these bacteria actually represent a deeply branched taxon of the domain Bacteria. Consequently, the clade including this genus has been classified in the phylum Coprothermobacterota, a separate phylum from Firmicute', where Coprothermobacter was formerly included before the reclassification.
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Schulze also conducted important investigations of delicate sponge-like protozoans known as xenophyophores. In 1883, Schulze was the first to describe Trichoplax adhaerens, one of the most basal multicellular animals and member species of the phylum placozoa.
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Paramecium woodruffi is a species of unicellular organisms belonging to the genus Paramecium of the phylum Ciliophora. It was first isolated in 1928 by D. H. Wenrich. It is a member of the Paramecium aurelia species complex.
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The proportion of undescribed species is very high. Many taxa remain poorly studied. Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms. Numerous molluscs also live in freshwater and terrestrial habitats.
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Pelmatozoa was once a clade of Phylum Echinodermata. It included stalked and sedentary echinoderms. The main class of Pelmatozoa were the Crinoidea which includes sea lily and feather star. Pelmetazoa is no longer a classification of Echinodermata.
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The order Holophagales (Ho.lo.pha.ga′les) is a member of phylum Acidobacteria and class Holophagae. The bacteria in this order are Gram negative. This order consists of a single family, Holophagaceae, which contains two genera, Holophaga and Geothrix.
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Although the nearest known velvet worm species, from Malaya, are typically found in dead wood, these were found mainly under large stones near the roots of trees. It is the only South Asian species in the phylum.
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Gnathostomulids, or jaw worms, are a small phylum of nearly microscopic marine animals. They inhabit sand and mud beneath shallow coastal waters and can survive in relatively anoxic environments. They were first recognised and described in 1956.
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Mycobacterium gilvum is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium. Etymology: gilvum, Latin for pale yellow.
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Ontonychophora is an extinct order of onychophoran consisting of organisms with simple lobopods that lack terminal feet. It includes all fossil onychophorans except †Cretoperipatus, which is in the Euonychophora along with all remaining members of the phylum.
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Leptogorgia palma Gorgonia flabellum Gorgoniidae is a family of soft corals, a member of the subclass Octocorallia in the phylum Cnidaria. Nearly all the genera and species are native to the east and west coasts of America.
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Fibrillanosema crangonycis is a species of fungus in the phylum Microsporidia. This species is morphologically identical to uncharacterized microsporidia from populations of North American amphipods. It is, however, distinct from microsporidia found in European populations of amphipods.
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A live Cominella adspersa at Castlepoint, New Zealand. Cominella is a genus of medium-sized buccinoid marine snails. All species are carnivores.Willan, R.C., de C. Cook, S., Spencer, H.G., Creese, R.G., O’Shea, S., Jackson, G.D. Phylum Mollusca.
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Blastozoa is a subphylum of extinct animals belonging to Phylum Echinodermata. This subphylum is characterized by the presence of specialized respiratory structures and brachiole plates used for feeding. This subphylum ranged from the Cambrian to the Permian.
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This CSI is a 3 amino acid insert in the flagellar basal body rod protein FlgC which is an important part of the unique endoflagellar structure shared by Spirochaetes species. Given that the CSI is exclusively shared by members within this phylum, it has been postulated that it may be related to the characteristic flagellar properties observed among Spirochaetes species. Historically, all families belonging to the Spirochaetes phylum were assigned to a single order, the Spirochaetales. However, the current taxonomic view is more connotative of accurate evolutionary relationships.
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Chordates are divided into three subphyla: Vertebrata (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals); Tunicata or Urochordata (sea squirts, salps); and Cephalochordata (which includes lancelets). There are also extinct taxa such as the Vetulicolia. Hemichordata (which includes the acorn worms) has been presented as a fourth chordate subphylum, but now is treated as a separate phylum: hemichordates and Echinodermata form the Ambulacraria, the sister phylum of the Chordates. Of the more than 65,000 living species of chordates, about half are bony fish that are members of the superclass Pisces, class Osteichthyes.
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Echinoderms are also the largest phylum that has no freshwater or terrestrial (land-based) representatives. Aside from the hard-to-classify Arkarua (a Precambrian animal with echinoderm-like pentamerous radial symmetry), the first definitive members of the phylum appeared near the start of the Cambrian. One group of Cambrian echinoderms, the cinctans (Homalozoa), which are close to the base of the echinoderm origin, have been found to possess external gills used for filter feeding, similar to those possessed by chordates and hemichordates. The echinoderms are important both ecologically and geologically.
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In 1877, the taxon Nematoidea, including the family Gordiidae (horsehair worms), was promoted to the rank of phylum by Ray Lankester. The first clear distinction between the nemas and gordiids was realized by Vejdovsky when he named a group to contain the horsehair worms the order Nematomorpha. In 1919, Nathan Cobb proposed that nematodes should be recognized alone as a phylum. He argued they should be called "nema" in English rather than "nematodes" and defined the taxon Nemates (later emended as Nemata, Latin plural of nema), listing Nematoidea sensu restricto as a synonym.
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There is no specialization within this type of digestive system because every cell is exposed to all stages of food digestion. Specializing occurs when the digestive tract or alimentary canal has a separate mouth and anus so that transport of food is one-way. The most primitive digestive tract is seen in nematodes (phylum Nematode), where it is simply a tubular gut lined by an epithelial membrane. Earthworms (phylum Annelids) have a digestive tract specialized in different regions for the ingestion, storage, fragmentation, digestion and absorption of food.
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Until recently, no biochemical or molecular markers were known that could distinguish the species from the phylum Thermotogae from all other bacteria. However, a recent comparative genomic study has identified large numbers of conserved signature indels (CSIs) in important proteins that are specific for either all Thermotogae species or a number of its subgroups. Many of these CSIs in important housekeeping proteins such as Pol1, RecA, and TrpRS, and ribosomal proteins L4, L7/L12, S8, S9, etc. are uniquely present in different sequenced Thermotogae species providing novel molecular markers for this phylum.
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The systematic and phylogenetic position of Xenoturbella among animals has been considered enigmatic since its discovery. An early DNA analysis suggested a close relationship to molluscs, but it was probably a result from contamination with DNA of molluscs that Xenoturbella consumes. A subsequent study suggested a placement of the genus in its own phylum, Xenoturbellida, as a deuterostome clade and sister group to the Ambulacraria. The deuterostome affiliations were then recovered by studies that indicate a basal position of this phylum within the deuterostomes or in a sister group relationship with the Ambulacraria.
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The relative number of species contributed to the total by each phylum of animals. Arthropoda is the phylum with the most individual organisms. Superb fairy-wren, Malurus cyaneus Differences between Deuterostomes and ProtostomesYellow-winged darter, Sympetrum flaveolum Pseudobiceros bedfordi, (Bedford's flatworm) The use of love darts by the land snail Monachoides vicinus is a form of sexual selection List of bilateral animal orders contains the Bilateria of the animal subkingdom Eumetazoa, divided into four superphyla, Deuterostomia, and the three Protostome superphyla, Ecdysozoa, and the two Spiralia superphyla, Platyzoa and Lophotrochozoa.
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In the early 19th century, linguists grouped the Berber, Cushitic and Egyptian languages within a "Hamitic" phylum, in acknowledgement of these languages' genetic relation with each other and with those in the Semitic phylum. The terms "Hamitic" and "Semitic" were etymologically derived from the Book of Genesis, which describes various Biblical tribes descended from Ham and Shem, two sons of Noah. By the 1860s, the main constituent elements within the broader Afroasiatic family had been worked out. Friedrich Müller introduced the name "Hamito-Semitic" for the entire language family in his Grundriss der Sprachwissenschaft (1876).
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37 (suppl 1): D571-D578. It stemmed from an Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) project that began at The Genome Institute at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri. The site was launched in 2000 to accompany the project “A Genomic Approach to Parasites from the Phylum Nematoda,”NIH Project Information on "'A Genomic Approach to Parasites from the Phylum Nematoda’" funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). It was created to provide access to the data from this project and as a broader resource for the scientific community studying parasitic nematodes.
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It is likely that the first bryozoans appeared much earlier and were entirely soft-bodied, and the Ordovician fossils record the appearance of mineralized skeletons in this phylum. By the Arenigian stage of the Early Ordovician period, about , all the modern orders of stenolaemates were present, and the ctenostome order of gymnolaemates had appeared by the Middle Ordovician, about . The Early Ordovician fossils may also represent forms that had already become significantly different from the original members of the phylum. Ctenostomes with phosphatized soft tissue are known from the Devonian.
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Kryptonia is a bacterial phylum with candidate status. It is a member of the FCB group. The phylum was first proposed in 2016 following the recovery of genomes from a large-scale effort to mine metagenomic and single-cell genomic datasets for novel bacterial diversity. Extensive analysis of 5.2 Tb of metagenomic data from around the world suggests members of Kryptonia are found exclusively in high-temperature pH-netural geothermal springs, such as the Jinze pool (Yunnan Province, China), Dewar Creek Spring (British Columbia, Canada), and Great Boiling Spring (Nevada, USA).
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Entorrhizomycetes is the sole class in the phylum Entorrhizomycota within the Fungi subkingdom Dikarya along with Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. It contains three genera and is are small group of teliosporic root parasites that form galls on plants in the Juncaceae (rush) and Cyperaceae (sedge) families. Prior to 2015 this phylum was placed under the subdivision Ustilaginomycotina. A 2015 study did a "comprehensive five-gene analyses" of Entorrhiza and concluded that the former class Entorrhizomycetes is possibly either a close sister group to the rest of Dikarya or Basidiomycota.
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Moorella thermoautotrophica, previously known as Clostridium thermoautotrophicum, is a rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium belonging to the phylum Firmicutes. It is thermophilic, strictly anaerobic and acetogenic, and was isolated from a hot spring in Yellowstone National Park USA.
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Turicibacter is a genus in the Firmicutes phylum of bacteria that has most commonly been found in the guts of animals. The genus is named after the city in which it was first isolated, Zurich (Latin = Turicum), Switzerland.
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Lichens are classified with the fungal not the algal component, and the main tubular cells of Prototaxites are most like those of the fungal phylum Glomeromycota. This said, its reproductive features indicate a relationship with the Taphrinomycotina fungi.
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Leotia is a genus of cup fungi of the phylum Ascomycota. Leotia species are globally distributed, and are believed to be saprobic. They are commonly known as jelly babies because of the gelatinous texture of their fruiting bodies.
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Montipora is a genus of Scleractinian corals in the phylum Cnidaria. Members of the genus Montipora may exhibit many different growth morphologies. With eighty five known species, Montipora is the second most species rich coral genus after Acropora.
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Camptobasidiaceae was described by R.T. Moore who placed it in AtractiellalesMoore RT, 1996. An inventory of the phylum Ustomycota. Mycotaxon 59: 1–31. However, DNA sequence data has now shown that Camptobasidium belongs to Microbotryomycetes rather than Atractiellomycetes.
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Maribaculum is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria). The name Maribaculum derives from: Latin noun mare, the sea; Latin neuter gender noun baculum, a stick or rod; New Latin neuter gender noun Maribaculum, rod from the sea.
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Babesia species are in the phylum Apicomplexa, which also has the protozoan parasites that cause malaria, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis. Four clades of Babesia species infect humans. The main species in each clade are: #B. microti (<3 µm) #B.
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Amauroascus kuehnii is a fungus in the phylum Ascomycota, class Eurotiomycetes. It is keratinophilic but not known to cause any human disease. It has been isolated from animal dungs, soil, and keratinous surfaces of live or deceased animals.
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Trematoda is a class within the phylum Platyhelminthes. It includes two groups of parasitic flatworms, known as flukes. They are internal parasites of molluscs and vertebrates. Most trematodes have a complex life cycle with at least two hosts.
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As members of the oldest phylum of metazoans, Suberites serve as model organisms to elucidate features of the earliest animals.W. Muller, Review: How was metazoan threshold crossed? The hypothetical Urmetazoa. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 129, 433 (2001).
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Pacific sea nettles, Chrysaora fuscescens Cnidaria (Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House, Inc. Cnidaria. Retrieved May 15, 2013.) is a phylum under kingdom Animalia containing over 11,000 species of aquatic animals found both in freshwater and marine environments, predominantly the latter.
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They have a single nephridium.Cutler, Edward B. (1973): Sipuncula of the Western North Atlantic. Bulletin of American Museum of Natural History, 152(3):103-203.Gibbs, Peter E and Cutler, Edward B. (1987): A classification of the phylum Sipuncula.
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The phylum Ascomycota or sac fungus is characterized by formation of meiotic spores called ascospores enclosed in a special sac called an ascus. The genetic components for sexual reproduction appear to be produced by all members of this group.
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It includes all parasitic flatworms (clade Neodermata) and several free-living species that were previously grouped in the now obsolete class Turbellaria. Therefore, it contains the majority of species in the phylum Platyhelminthes, excluding the Catenulida, and the Macrostomorpha.
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Tonicella insignis, White-lined chiton, or Red chiton, also known as the hidden chiton, belongs to the Tonicellidae family in the class of Polyplacophora, and the phylum of Mollusca. Its body length of T. insignis is around 5 cm.
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Paramecium sonneborni is a species of unicellular organisms belonging to the genus Paramecium of the phylum Ciliophora. It was first isolated in Texas and named after Tracy M. Sonneborn. It is a member of the Paramecium aurelia species complex.
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Perkinsozoa is a proposed phylum of intracellular parasites in the superphylum Alveolata,Marine Fungi: and Fungal-like Organisms which was suggested to account for the genus Perkinsus and other protist species that do not fit into existing Alveolata phyla.
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Cenarchaeum symbiosum is a species of Archaea in the genus Cenarchaeum, and is one of the three species contained by the newly proposed phylum Thaumarchaeota in the domain Archaea. C. symbiosum is psychrophilic and is found inhabiting marine sponges.
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Thelephora terrestris is an inedible species of fungus in the Basidiomycota phylum. It is commonly known by the name Common Fiber Vase because of its circular and overlapping cap. As well, it has also been called the Earthfan fungus.
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Hapsidascus is a fungal genus in the division Ascomycota. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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The Hafniaceae are a family of Gram-negative bacteria. This family is a member of the order Enterobacterales in the class Gammaproteobacteria of the phylum Proteobacteria. Genera in this family include the type genus Hafnia, along with Edwardsiella and Obesumbacterium.
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The Budviciaceae are a family of Gram-negative bacteria. This family is a member of the order Enterobacterales in the class Gammaproteobacteria of the phylum Proteobacteria. Genera in this family include the type genus Budvicia, along with Leminorella and Pragia.
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The Medeolariales are an order of the class Leotiomycetes within the phylum Ascomycota. The order is monotypic, containing the single family Medeolariaceae, which in turn contains the single genus Medeolariaceae that contains the species Medeolaria farlowii, described by Thaxter in 1922.
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Cristispira is a genus of bacteria of the spirochete phylum. They are known as large spirochetes. They are characterized by the host species in which they reside. They are known as harmless parasites of freshwater and marine molluscs and gastropods.
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The parasite infects the pericardial body of the host. Like other members of this phylum it possesses apicoplasts, rhoptries and subpellicular microtubules. It is found in the Gulf of Naples and is most common in the months October to November.
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The Southeast Papuan or Papuan Peninsula ("Bird's Tail") languages are a group of half a dozen small families of Papuan languages in the "Bird's Tail" (southeastern peninsula) of New Guinea that are part of the Trans–New Guinea (TNG) phylum.
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The Diporothecaceae are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. This family can not yet be taxonomically classified in any of the ascomycetous classes and orders with any degree of certainty (incertae sedis). It contains the single genus Diporotheca.
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The Epigloeaceae are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. This family can not yet be taxonomically classified in any of the ascomycetous classes and orders with any degree of certainty (incertae sedis). It contains the single genus Epigloea.
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The Hispidicarpomycetaceae are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. This family can not yet be taxonomically classified in any of the ascomycetous classes and orders with any degree of certainty (incertae sedis). It contains the single genus Hispidicarpomyces.
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The Koralionastetaceae are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. This family can not yet be taxonomically classified in any of the ascomycetous classes and orders with any degree of certainty (incertae sedis). It contains the single genus Koralionastes.
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The Microcaliciaceae are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. This family can not yet be taxonomically classified in any of the ascomycetous classes and orders with any degree of certainty (incertae sedis). It contains the single genus Microcalicium.
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The Lautosporaceae are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. This family can not yet be taxonomically classified in any of the ascomycetous classes and orders with any degree of certainty (incertae sedis). It contains the single genus Lautospora.
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Yorgia waggoneri is a discoid Ediacaran organism. It has a low, segmented body consisting of a short wide "head", no appendages, and a long body region, reaching a maximum length of . It is classified within the extinct animal phylum Proarticulata.
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It has been proposed that some classes of the phylum Proteobacteria may be phyla in their own right, which would make Proteobacteria a superphylum. For example, the Deltaproteobacteria group does not consistently form a monophyletic lineage with the other Proteobacteria classes.
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Golfingia vulgaris is a marine invertebrate belonging to the phylum Sipuncula, the peanut worms. It is a cylindrical, unsegmented worm with a crown of tentacles around the mouth. It lives in burrows in shallow seas in various parts of the world.
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Mycobacterium hiberniae is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram- positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium. Etymology Hibernia, Latin for Ireland where it was first isolated.
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Mycobacterium heidelbergense is a Gram-positive, nonmotile, acid-fast coccobacillus. It is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
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Moniliformis moniliformis is a parasite of the Acanthocephala phylum in the family Moniliformidae. The adult worms are usually found in intestines of rodents or carnivores such as cats and dogs. The species can also infest humans, though this is rare.
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Mycobacterium intermedium is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram- positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium. Etymology: Latin; intermedium, meaning between, rapidly and slowly growing mycobacteria.
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Kristensen collected the first members of the Loricifera phylum in Roscoff, France, in 1970, but did not describe it until 1983.Heiner, I. 2005. Preliminary account of the loriciferan fauna of the Faroe Bank (NE Atlantic). Biofar Proceedings 2005: 213–219.
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Loxosomella is a genus of entoproct. individuals are solitary, not colonial, as is typically the case in this phylum. They are sessile, attaching to a variety of substrates including sipunculan worms.Müller, C. H. G., J. Hylleberg, and P. Michalik. 2015.
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Piroplasmida is an order of parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa. They divide by binary fission and as sporozoan parasites they possess sexual and asexual phases (sexual reproduction occurs in the tick gut). They include the tick parasites Babesia and Theileria.
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Mahella is a genus in the phylum Firmicutes (Bacteria). The name Mahella derives from: New Latin feminine gender dim. noun Mahella, named in honour of the American microbiologist Professor R.A. Mah, for his important contribution to the taxonomy of anaerobes.
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It is also very dependent on carbon dioxide concentrations to grow, optimally at 8% (v/v) CO2 in air. Due to its classification in the phylum Verrucomicrobia and its extreme acidophilic phenotype M. infernorum is unique between all known methanotrophs.
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Porphyra is a coldwater seaweed that grows in cold, shallow seawater. More specifically, it belongs to red algae phylum of laver species (from which comes laverbread), comprising approximately 70 species.Brodie, J.A. and Irvine, L.M. 2003. Seaweeds of the British Isles.
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Cymothoa elegans is a species of parasitic isopod in the genus Cymothoa. It has rarely been recorded, with all records coming from the north coast of Java. They are in the arthropod phylum and can more closely be classified as crustaceans.
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Unlike many early Cambrian forms whose relationships are obscure and puzzling, Aysheaia is remarkably similar to a modern phylum, the Onychophora (velvet worms). Notable differences are the lack of jaws and antennae, possible lack of visual organs, and the terminal mouth.
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Members of the Delphibacteria phylum have been detected (retroactively) in a variety of environments, including bottom water from the Northern Bering Sea (EU734960.1), marine sediment from the Logatchec hydrothermal vent (FN554086.1), and deep sea sediment from the Okinawa Trough (KX097792.1).
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63–64Cann 2015, p. 156 ssRNA-RT viruses are all included in the class Revtraviricetes, phylum Arterviricota, kingdom Pararnavirae of the realm Riboviria. Excluding Caulimoviridae, which belongs to Group VII, all members of the Revtraviricetes order Ortervirales are ssRNA- RT viruses.
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Stigmatisphaera is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Stigmea is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Thiovulum majus is a species of bacteria and a member of the phylum Proteobacteria. This sulfide-oxidizing species has been observed to swim at speeds as high as 615 micrometers per second, faster than those recorded for any other bacterial species.
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Oligochaeta () is a subclass of animals in the phylum Annelida, which is made up of many types of aquatic and terrestrial worms, including all of the various earthworms. Specifically, oligochaetes comprise the terrestrial megadrile earthworms (some of which are semiaquatic or fully aquatic), and freshwater or semiterrestrial microdrile forms, including the tubificids, pot worms and ice worms (Enchytraeidae), blackworms (Lumbriculidae) and several interstitial marine worms. With around 10,000 known species, the Oligochaeta make up about half of the phylum Annelida. These worms usually have few setae (chaetae) or "bristles" on their outer body surfaces, and lack parapodia, unlike polychaeta.
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This uniqueness and stability are, of course, a result of the acceptance by working systematists (biologists specializing in taxonomy), not merely of the binomial names themselves, but of the rules governing the use of these names, which are laid down in formal nomenclature codes. Species can be placed in a ranked hierarchy, starting with either domains or kingdoms. Domains are divided into kingdoms. Kingdoms are divided into phyla (singular: phylum) -- for animals; the term division, used for plants and fungi, is equivalent to the rank of phylum (and the current International Code of Botanical Nomenclature allows the use of either term).
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This reconstruction would make it a member of the phylum Cnidaria, related to jellyfish and corals. He has also suggested it could be related to animals in the early Cambrian Small Shelly Fauna whose "shells" were internal body supports. Ivantsov considers it an early representative of the phylum Ctenophora, the comb jellies, an ancient group whose members resemble but are not related to jellyfish. Ventogyrus does not fall obviously within one of the main form taxa of Ediacarans, the rangeomorphs, the erniettomorphs, and the trilobozoans, but it is also not obviously a member of a known biological taxon.
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Based on 16S ribosomal RNA phylogenetic studies of the late microbiologist Carl Woese and collaborators and colleagues at the University of Illinois, the monophyly of the gram-positive bacteria was challenged, with major implications for the therapeutic and general study of these organisms. Based on molecular studies of the 16S sequences, Woese recognised twelve bacterial phyla. Two of these were gram-positive and were divided on the proportion of the guanine and cytosine content in their DNA. The high G + C phylum was made up of the Actinobacteria and the low G + C phylum contained the Firmicutes.
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New York: Springer-Verlag A dose of 5,000 Gy is estimated to introduce several hundred double-strand breaks (DSBs) into the organism's DNA (~0.005 DSB/Gy/Mbp (haploid genome)). For comparison, a chest X-ray or Apollo mission involves about 1 mGy, 5 Gy can kill a human, 200-800 Gy will kill E. coli, and more than 4,000 Gy will kill the radiation-resistant tardigrade. Several bacteria of comparable radioresistance are now known, including some species of the genus Chroococcidiopsis (phylum cyanobacteria) and some species of Rubrobacter (phylum actinobacteria); among the archaea, the species Thermococcus gammatolerans shows comparable radioresistance.
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Echinoderm is the common name given to any member of the phylum Echinodermata (from Ancient Greek, ἐχῖνος, echinos – "hedgehog" and δέρμα, derma – "skin") of marine animals. The adults are recognizable by their (usually five-point) radial symmetry, and include starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers, as well as the sea lilies or "stone lilies". Echinoderms are found at every ocean depth, from the intertidal zone to the abyssal zone. The phylum contains about 7000 living species, making it the second-largest grouping of deuterostomes (a superphylum), after the chordates (which include the vertebrates, such as birds, fishes, mammals, and reptiles).
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From about the 1940s to the 1990s, family trees based on embryological and morphological features placed lophophorates among or as a sister group to the deuterostomes, a super-phylum which includes chordates and echinoderms. While a minority adhere to this view, most researchers now regard phoronids as members of the protostome super-phylum Lophotrochozoa. Although analysts using molecular phylogeny are confident that members of Lophotrochozoa are more closely related to each other than of non-members, the relationships between members are mostly unclear. Some analyses regard phoronids and brachiopods as sister- groups, while others place phoronids as a sub-group within brachiopoda.
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New World vultures, such as the California condor, were placed incertae sedis within the class Aves until the recognition of the new order Cathartiformes. Plumalina plumaria Hall, 1858 (6.3 cm tall), Upper Devonian of western New York State, US. Workers usually assign this organism to the hydrozoans (phylum Cnidaria, class Hydrozoa) or the gorgonarians (phylum Cnidaria, class Anthozoa, order Gorgonaria), but it is probably safest to refer to it as incertae sedis. ''''' () or problematica are terms used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa".
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The symbiotic association between the Glomeromycota and plants is ancient, with evidence dating to 400 million years ago. Formerly part of the Zygomycota (commonly known as 'sugar' and 'pin' molds), the Glomeromycota were elevated to phylum status in 2001 and now replace the older phylum Zygomycota. Fungi that were placed in the Zygomycota are now being reassigned to the Glomeromycota, or the subphyla incertae sedis Mucoromycotina, Kickxellomycotina, the Zoopagomycotina and the Entomophthoromycotina. Some well-known examples of fungi formerly in the Zygomycota include black bread mold (Rhizopus stolonifer), and Pilobolus species, capable of ejecting spores several meters through the air.
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Anfesta was originally described by Mikhail Fedonkin as a free-swimming scyphozoa-like medusa. The branched furrows on the fossil were interpreted as imprints of a system of internal radial canals, and the three oval ridges as imprints of gonads. A year later, Fedonkin transferred such fossil animals as Anfesta, Albumares and Tribrachidium to the separate group Trilobozoa, populated by three-lobed, radially symmetric, coelenterate-grade animals that only superficially resemble cnidarians. Originally, Trilobozoa was established as a class within the phylum Coelenterata, but since Coelenterata was divided into separate phyla - Cnidaria and Ctenophora - the Trilobozoa have been transferred to rank of phylum.
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In the 16S rRNA gene trees, the Aquificae species branch in the proximity of the phylum Thermotogae (another phylum comprising hyperthermophilic organisms) close to the archaeal-bacterial branch point.Huber, R. and Hannig, M. (2006) Thermotogales. Prokaryotes 7: 899-922. However, a close relationship of the Aquificae to the Thermotogae and the deep branching of the Aquificae is not supported by some phylogenetic studies based upon other gene/protein sequencesKlenk, H. P., Meier, T. D., Durovic, P. and others (1999) RNA polymerase of Aquifex pyrophilus: Implications for the evolution of the bacterial rpoBC operon and extremely thermophilic bacteria. J Mol Evol 48: 528-541.
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In 1973, a strain of rose-pink thermophilic bacteria was isolated from Toadstool Spring in Yellowstone National Park, which was later named Thermomicrobium roseum and proposed as a novel species of the novel genus Thermomicrobium. At that time the genus was categorized under family Achromobacteraceae, but it became a distinct phylum by 2001. In 2004 , it was proposed, on the basis of an analysis of genetic affiliations, that the Thermomicrobia should more properly be reclassified as a class belonging to the phylum Chloroflexi. The bacteria Sphaerobacter thermophilus originally described as an Actinobacteria is now considered a Thermomicrobia.
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Phylum Monsters, written in the first person, was far more straightforward than the first two books but perhaps even zanier in its plotting as well as having an unexpectedly poignant ending. "Phylum Monsters (1989) employs genetic engineering in a wryly irreverent fashion."Brian M. Stableford, Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction Literature (Scarecrow Press, 2004), 261. All of these books were translated into various languages and enjoyed a certain amount of success in Europe and Russia but none of them were commercial successes in the American market and Peirce returned to writing short stories, expanding into the mystery field as well.
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In biology, a phylum (; plural: phyla) is a level of classification or taxonomic rank below kingdom and above class. Traditionally, in botany the term division has been used instead of phylum, although the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants accepts the terms as equivalent. Depending on definitions, the animal kingdom Animalia or Metazoa contains approximately 35 phyla; the plant kingdom Plantae contains about 14, and the fungus kingdom Fungi contains about 8 phyla. Current research in phylogenetics is uncovering the relationships between phyla, which are contained in larger clades, like Ecdysozoa and Embryophyta.
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65 other proteins have been identified which are unique to the Chlorobi phylum, however these proteins are missing in several Chlorobi species and are not distributed throughout the phylum with any clear pattern. This means that significant gene loss may have occurred, or the presence of these proteins may be a result of horizontal gene transfer. Of these 65 proteins, 8 are found only in Chlorobium luteolum and Chlorobium phaeovibrioides. These two species form a strongly supported clade in phylogenetic trees and a close relationship between these species is further supported by the unique sharing of these 8 proteins.
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Coprothermobacter is a genus of rod-shaped microorganisms, belonging to the new bacterial family Coprothermobacteraceae of the new phylum Coprothermobacterota. This taxonomic genus has been reclassified in 2018, after different phylogenetic studies showed that these bacteria represented a deeply branched taxon of the domain Bacteria; consequently, the clade including this genus has been classified in a separate phylum from Firmicutes, the phylum where it was included before reclassification. According to the first description of this genus, the etymology of its name derives from Greek words "kopros", meaning dung, from the source where one of the species (Coprothermobacter proteolyticus) was isolated, and "thermos", meaning hot, warm, because of the relatively high temperatures at which these bacteria are able to grow, which can be as high as 75°C. Actually, very few known bacterial species are included in this genus, which are characterized by sharing genetic information with microorganisms belonging to Archaea, a taxonomic domain separate from the domain Bacteria.
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The class Duplopiviricetes is the second clade of dsRNA viruses and is in the phylum Pisuviricota, which also contains positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. Duplopiviricetes mostly contains plant and fungal viruses and includes the following four families: Amalgaviridae, Hypoviridae, Partitiviridae, and Picobirnaviridae.
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Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius is a thermophilic gram-positive bacterium, and a member of the Firmicutes phylum. It was first isolated from soil in Japan in 1983. The species name thermoglucosidasius comes from the words therme denoting heat, and glucosidasius denoting starch-hydrolyzing glucosidase activity.
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The genus and species identified by him are marked with the author abbreviation Krohn. He was the first to classify the phylum Rhombozoa of the kingdom Animalia. The species Euphausia krohnii and Cliopsis krohnii and the family Eukrohniidae are named after him.
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All members of their phylum were once thought to be related to the Endogonaceae, but have been found through molecular sequencing data, to be a closer relation to the Dikarya. Their fossil record extends back to the Ordovician period (460 million years ago).
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The Asterozoa are a subphylum in the phylum Echinodermata. Characteristics include a star-shaped body and radially divergent axes of symmetry. The subphylum includes the two classes Asteroidea, the starfish, and Ophiuroidea, the brittle stars and basket stars, and the extinct order Somasteroidea.
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Verongiida (also known as Verongida) is an order of sea sponges within the phylum Porifera. The "skeleton" in these sponges is made up of spongin, rather than of spicules. They live in marine environments. The name was proposed by Patricia Bergquist in 1978.
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Their classification at the phylum level is still debated. Most likely they are some form of lophophorate, a group which includes phoronids, bryozoans and brachiopods. Microconchids may be closely related to the other encrusting tentaculitoid tubeworms, such as Anticalyptraea, trypanoporids and cornulitids.
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Xenacoelomorpha is a basal bilaterian phylum of small and very simple animals, grouping the xenoturbellids with the acoelomorphs. This grouping was suggested by morphological synapomorphies, and confirmed by phylogenomic analyses of molecular data. Xenacoelomorphs emerged with the Nephrozoa as their sister clade.
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Mycobacterium gordonae is a species of Mycobacterium named for Ruth E. Gordon. It is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
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Mycobacterium frederiksbergense is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium. Etymology: frederiksbergense, of Frederiksberg, Denmark, referring to the place of isolation.
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The Ceratostomataceae are a family of fungi in the phylum Ascomycota, class Sordariomycetes. Species in the family have a widespread distribution, and are found growing on other fungi, on soil, or rotting vegetation. The family may not be monophyletic as currently defined.
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Since 1990 there has been intense debate among paleontologists about the evolution in the Early Cambrian period of the "super-phylum" Lophotrochozoa, which is thought to include the modern molluscs, annelid worms and brachiopods, as well as their evolutionary "aunts" and "cousins".
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Tubulanus polymorphus is a species of ribbon worm in the phylum Nemertea. It is found in the northern Atlantic Ocean and the northern Pacific Ocean. It occurs on the lower shore down to about , on sand or gravel, under stones and among seaweed.
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A genus of butyrate-producing, Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria that inhabit the human colon. Named in honor of Theodor Rosebury, they are members of the phylum Firmicutes. Increased abundance of Roseburia is associated with weight loss and reduced glucose intolerance in mice.
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Olfactores is a clade within the Chordata that comprises the Vetulicolia, Tunicata (Urochordata) and the Vertebrata (sometimes referred to as Craniata). Olfactores represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, as the Cephalochordata are the only chordates not included in the clade.
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Apicystis bombi is a species of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. It infects bees, especially bumblebees. It is believed to have a cosmopolitan distribution in bumblebees and a sporadic occurrence in honey bees, and causes disease symptoms in nonresistant bee species.
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Aspidosiphon muelleri is a species of unsegmented benthic marine worm in the phylum Sipuncula, the peanut worms. This worm is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and in various locations in the Indo-Pacific region at depths down to about .
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Banffia is a genus of animals described from Middle Cambrian fossils. The genus commemorates Banff, Alberta, near where the first fossil specimens were discovered. Its placement in higher taxa is controversial. It is considered to be a member of the enigmatic phylum Vetulicolia.
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Aciduliprofundum boonei is an obligate thermoacidophilic archaea belonging to the phylum Euryarchaeota. Isolated from acidic hydrothermal vent environments, A. boonei is the first cultured representative of a biogeochemically significant clade of thermoacidophilic archaea known as the “Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Euryarchaeota 2 (DHVE2)”.
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Several characterized proteins belong to the Ni2+-Co2+ Transporter (NiCoT) Family (TC# 2.A.43). A complete list of these proteins along with their transporter classification identification numbers (TCID), domain, kingdom/phylum, and some examples can be found in the Transporter Classification Database.
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The Calcinea are a subclass of the calcareous sponges. Its phylum is Porifera and class is Calcarea."World Porifera Database", Marinespecies.org, Retrieved 2-25-2016 Branching is usually dichotomous or umbellate with anastomoses, which gives rise to reticulate growths on stalks in adults.
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The Achomawi language and the Atsugewi language are classified together as the Palaihnihan languages,Mithun 1999:470-472 and more broadly in a possible northern group of the proposed Hokan phylum with Yana, the Shastan languages, Chimariko, Karuk, Washo, and the Pomo languages.
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Deefgea is a genus of bacteria in the phylum Proteobacteria. Deefgea are described as Gram-negative, rod-shaped, facultative anaerobes which generally occur singly. Deefgea are motile, either by a single flagellum or two polar flagella. They are both catalase and oxidase positive.
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Jeotgalicoccus halophilus is a species of bacteria. It is one of the Phylum Firmicutes, it is Gram-positive. The species is halotolerant, it grows at NaCl content of 0.1 to 16% and optimal values are between 2 and 3%. The cells are coccoid.
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Babesiosoma is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexia. They have two hosts in their life cycle: the vertebrate hosts are fish and the invertebrate vectors are leeches. This genus has been poorly studied and little is known about it.
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Dactylosoma is a genus of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexia. Species in this genus have two hosts in their life cycle: the vertebrate host is a fish or amphibian (possibly also reptiles) and the invertebrate host is a glossiphoniid leech (Glossiphoniidae).
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Bavariicoccus is a genus of bacteria of the phylum Firmicutes. This genus contains a single species, Bavariicoccus seileri, strains of which were originally isolated from German soft cheese. Bacterial taxonomists have suggested that Bavariicoccus may be more appropriately placed within the family Carnobacteriaceae.
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Caryotropha is a genus of parasitic alveolates belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa. This genus was created in 1902 by Siedelecki.Siedlecki MM (1902) Historya rozwoju nowego gatunku kokcydi: Caryotropha mesnilii nob. (Cycle evolutif de la Caryotropha mesnilii, coccidie nouvelle des polymnies; note preliminare).
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Mycoplasma iguanae is a species of bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma. It is classified in the domain Bacteria, phylum Firmicutes, class Mollicutes, order Mycoplasma, and family Mycoplasmataceae. It has been recovered from abscesses of the spine of the green iguana, Iguana iguana.
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Ganapatiella is a genus of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexa. The genus was created by Kalavati in 1977.Kalavati C (1977) Morphology and life cycle of a new adeleid coccidian, Ganapatiella odontotermi n. gen. n. sp. from the adipose tissue of Odontotermes obesus.
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Amplexidiscus fenestrafer, also known as the elephant ear anemone, is a species of coral belonging to the phylum Cnidaria. The name "elephant ear anemone" is a misnomer because it is actually a species of coral. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Amplexidiscus.
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Antedonidae is a family of crinoids or feather stars in the phylum Echinodermata. Members of the family are unstalked and have ten feathery arms. They can move about freely and have clawed cirri to attach them temporarily to structures.Family Antedonidae Marine Species Identification Portal.
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The book is divided into twelve chapters based on the Phylum and Class (biology) with a list of species. Most of the species are accompanied with a photograph and ID. This is the first attempt to document the 35 acre campus inside the city.
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The Admetula italica is in the Animalia phylum of Mollusca, a prehistoric ancestor to many modern Cancellarioideas. The name italica refers to the location in which the first of these fossils were discovered by D'Ancona in 1872, who was the first to describe it.
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Kuamaia is an extinct genus of artiopodan in the phylum Arthropoda. Fossils of the type species K. lata were discovered in the Chengjiang biota. The other species in the genus,K. muricata has also been identified there, but neither species has been found elsewhere.
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In the apicomplexans, a phylum of parasitic protists, multiple fission, or schizogony, is manifested either as merogony, sporogony or gametogony. Merogony results in merozoites, which are multiple daughter cells, that originate within the same cell membrane, sporogony results in sporozoites, and gametogony results in microgametes.
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"Siangic: A new language phylum in North East India", 6th International Conference of the North East India Linguistics Society, Tezpur University, Assam, India, Jan 31 – Feb 2. propose that Koro is related to Milang in a branch, or perhaps independent family, they call Siangic.
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Mycobacterium doricum is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium. It is a scotochromogenic Mycobacterium.Tortoli et al. 2001. Mycobacterium doricum sp. nov. Int.
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Saccas independently rediscovered the fungus and named it Beauveria heimii in 1948. In 1972, de Hoog re-evaluated these fungi and confirmed the correct name to be Tritirachium oryzae. The fungus is a member of the phylum, Basidiomycota, distantly related to the rust fungi.
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Tubulanus superbus, commonly known as the football jersey worm, is a species of ribbon worm in the phylum Nemertea. Found in the northern Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, it occurs from the lower shore down to about , on sand or gravel.
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Mangrovibacter is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria). The name Mangrovibacter derives from: New Latin noun mangrovum, mangrove; New Latin masculine gender noun, a rodbacter, nominally meaning "a rod", but in effect meaning a bacterium, rod; New Latin masculine gender noun Mangrovibacter, mangrove rod.
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Epicoccum nigrum is a species of fungus in the phylum Ascomycota. A plant pathogen and endophyte, it is a widespread fungus which produces coloured pigments that can be used as antifungal agents against other pathogenic fungi. The fluorescent stain epicocconone is extracted from it.
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Members of the Desulfurobacteriales are strict anaerobes that exclusively oxidize hydrogen for energy, whereas those belonging to the Aquificales are microaerophilic, and capable of oxidizing other compounds (such as sulfur or thiosulfate) in addition to hydrogen.Reysenbach, A.-L. (2001) Phylum BII. Thermotogae phy. nov.
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As a protist, the plasmodium is a eukaryote of the phylum Apicomplexa. Unusual characteristics of this organism in comparison to general eukaryotes include the rhoptry, micronemes, and polar rings near the apical end. The plasmodium is known best for the infection it causes, malaria.
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Acidaminococcus is a genus in the phylum Firmicutes (Bacteria), whose members are anaerobic diplococci that can use amino acids as the sole energy source for growth. Like other members of the class Negativicutes, they are gram- negative, despite being Firmicutes, which are normally gram-positive.
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Representatives of this phylum have been detected in a variety of environments, including a deep thermokarst lake in the Sasapimakwananisikw River Valley (QC, Canada), an acetate-amended alluvial aquifer adjacent to the Colorado River (CO, USA), and marine sediments from the Peru Margin seafloor.
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A specimen of Madrepora oculata coral, collected off the coast of South Carolina. Corals are animals in the phylum Cnidaria and the class Anthozoa. Anthozoa is broken down into two subclasses Octocorals (Alcyonaria) and Hexacorals (Zoantharia). Octocorals are soft corals such as sea pens.
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Glomus aggregatum is an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus used as a soil inoculant in agriculture and horticulture. Like other species in this phylum it forms obligate symbioses with plant roots, where it obtains carbon (photosynthate) from the host plant in exchange for nutrients and other benefits.
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Erinaceusyllis ettiennei is a species belonging to the phylum Annelida, a group known as the segmented worms. page(s): 55-57, figs. 11A-G, 12A-E. E. ettiennei is characterized by its compound chaetae with slender and thin blades, which are curved as a sabre.
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Pseudoklossia is a genus in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this genus infect marine molluscs, although one species (Pseudoklossia microcosmi) infects in an ascidian worm. The life cycle is heteroxenous (requires at least two hosts). The species infecting molluscs tend to infect the renal tissue.
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Phoronopsis californica is a species of marine horseshoe worm in the phylum Phoronida. It was first described as a new species by William Hilton in 1930 when he found it at Balboa Bay in Newport Beach, California.Hilton, W. A. (1930). A new Phoronopsis from California.
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Six Hox genes are dispersed in the genome of Caenorhabditis elegans, a roundworm. Hydra and Nematostella vectensis, both in the Phylum Cnidaria, have a few Hox/ParaHox- like homeobox genes. Hox gene expression has also been studied in brachiopods, annelids, and a suite of molluscs.
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Haploviricotina is a subphylum of viruses in the phylum Negarnaviricota. It is one of only two virus subphyla, the other being Polyploviricotina, which is also in Negarnaviricota. The name comes from , the Ancient Greek for 'simple', along with the suffix for a virus subphylum; 'viricotina'.
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Yochelcionella cyrano Pelagiella atlantoides Helcionelloida is an extinct group of ancient molluscs (phylum Mollusca). These are the oldest known conchiferan molluscs, that is, they had a mineralised shell. Some members of this class were mistaken for Monoplacophorans. The class was erected by Peel in 1991.
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The phoronids feed with a lophophore, burrow or encrust on surfaces, and build three-layered tubes made of polysaccharide, possibly chitin, mixed with particles with seabed material. Traditionally they have been regarded as a separate phylum, but increasingly detailed molecular phylogeny studies between 1997 and 2000 have concluded that phoronids are a sub-group of brachiopods. However, an analysis in 2005 concluded that phoronids are a sub-group of bryozoans. While all molecular phylogeny studies and half the combined studies until 2008 conclude that brachiopods are lophotrochozoans, they could not identify which lophotrochozoan phylum were the closest relatives of brachiopods—except phoronids, which are a sub-group of brachiopods.
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Phylogeny of -ssRNA viruses Phylogenetic analysis based on RdRp shows that -ssRNA viruses are descended from a common and ancestor and that they are likely a sister clade of reoviruses, which are dsRNA viruses. Within the phylum, there are two clear branches, assigned to two subphyla, based on whether RdRp synthesizes a cap on viral mRNA or snatches a cap from host mRNA and attaches that cap to viral mRNA. Within the phylum, -ssRNA viruses that infect arthropods appear to be basal and the ancestors of all other -ssRNA viruses. Arthropods frequently live together in large groups, which allows for viruses to be transmitted easily.
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Originally, the various structures on the poorly preserved Australian specimens were interpreted as tentacles, peculiar arms and mouth, but later this interpretation was rejected. Its mode of locomotion in life also remains unknown. With the discovery of the closely related Albumares and Anfesta, along with the discoveries of much better-preserved Russian specimens, Mikhail Fedonkin proposed for these animals the new taxon, Trilobozoa – an extinct group of tri-radially symmetrical coelenterate-grade animals. Originally, Trilobozoa was erected as a separate class in the phylum Coelenterata, but since Coelenterata was divided into separate phyla Cnidaria and Ctenophora, the Trilobozoa have been transferred to the rank of phylum.
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While this intriguing pattern could have implications for our definition of a phylum, a follow-up paper argued that there are a few methodical issues that must be addressed to test the hypothesis that the timing of developmental constraints are different among phyla compared to within a phylum. First, the comparison of a single representative of ten different phyla could reflect differences between phyla as well as the deeper or shallower phylogenetic branches that fall between those ten individuals, so greater sampling within each phyla is necessary. Second, pairwise comparisons treat each of the ten species as independent observations, but some species are more closely related than others.
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Spongin, a modified type of collagen protein, forms the fibrous skeleton of most organisms among the phylum Porifera, the sponges. It is secreted by sponge cells known as spongocytes. Spongin gives a sponge its flexibility. True spongin is found only in members of the class Demospongiae.
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Proteciurus is a fossil from the Ediacaran Nama group. It was initially interpreted as an echiurid worm. It has been placed as a "vendobiont", on the hypothesis that the Edicarian fauna represent a distinct phylum. It has also been suggested that it may be an ecdysozoan.
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I. Scopulariopsis brevicaulis and S. koningii Terrence M. Hammill American Journal of Botany Vol. 58, No. 1 (Jan., 1971), pp. 88-97 The fungus is a typical perithecial member of Phylum Ascomycota, producing minute, enclosed fruiting bodies containing sexual spores (ascospores) in sacs known as asci.
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Telonema is a genus of single-celled organisms. Some sources group Telonema within the cryptomonads-haptophytes assemblage. It is sometimes assigned to a unique phylum, Telonemia. Although Telonema is within the Eukaryota Domain, it does not have any close relations to other organisms within that domain .
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Trichoplax adhaerens is one of the three named species in the phylum Placozoa. The others are Hoilungia hongkongensis and Polyplacotoma mediterranea. The Placozoa is a basal group of multicellular animals (metazoa). Trichoplax are very flat organisms around a millimetre in diameter, lacking any organs or internal structures.
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Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Arachnida Order: Solifugae Camel spiders, also known as wind scorpions or sun spiders are not true relatives of true scorpions or spiders however. Body divides into two regions as in other arachnids. They have conspicuously large two chelicerae. They do not have a tail.
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Stylophorans are classed as echinoderms based on their possession of at least two shared and unique features (apomorphies) of the phylum; stereom plates and a water vascular system. Because they show no sign of radial symmetry, the position of stylophorans within Echinodermata remains unresolved as of 2019.
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Mycobacterium celatum is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium. Type strain: strain ATCC 51131 = CCUG 39185 = CDC 90-0899 = CIP 106109 = DSM 44243 = JCM 12373.
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Mycobacterium farcinogenes is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram- positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium. Although slow- growing, it is similar to fast-growing species, and is usually classified with them.
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Mycobacterium chitae is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium. Type strain: strain ATCC 19627 = CCUG 39504 = CIP 105383 = DSM 44633 = JCM 12403 = NCTC 10485.
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Mycobacterium colombiense is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram- positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium. Etymology: colombiense, pertaining to Colombia, the South American country where the strains were first isolated.
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An additional study examining karyotype data on the three disease-causing agents also supported the nomination of M. miyatai as a separate species. Trematodes are one class of phylum Platyhelminthes from the order Digenia and are generally referred to as flukes. Metagonimiasis is of the family Herterophyidae.
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Extremophile archaea are members of four main physiological groups. These are the halophiles, thermophiles, alkaliphiles, and acidophiles. These groups are not comprehensive or phylum- specific, nor are they mutually exclusive, since some archaea belong to several groups. Nonetheless, they are a useful starting point for classification.
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The most recent interpretation, based on all available fossil material, is that the organism was a total group gnathiferan; its precise affinity within this group is difficult to resolve, but if it falls in the stem lineage of any extant phylum then it would be a gnathostomulid.
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Acidisoma is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria). It contains two species, Acidisoma tundrae and Acidisoma sibiricum, both two acidophilic (pH 3.0–7.6) and psychrotolerant (2–30 °C) bacteria with poly-β-hydroxybutyrate granules, isolated from acidic Sphagnum-dominated tundra and Siberian wetlands in Russia.
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Baruga, also known ambiguously as Bareji, is a Papuan language spoken in Oro Province, in the "tail" of Papua New Guinea. The four rather divergent dialects are Tafota, Daghoro, Bareji, Mado. They are part of the Binanderean family of the Trans–New Guinea phylum of languages.
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Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Siphonaptera Fleas are insects that form the order Siphonaptera. They are wingless, with mouthparts adapted for piercing skin and sucking blood. Fleas are external parasites, living by hematophagy off the blood of mammals and birds. Over 2,000 species have been described worldwide.
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Representatives of every animal phylum known (except amphibians) are found on this island. Shingle, 12.69 ha, elevation .6m Tidal amplitude in the area is about .5m. There were two more islands named Pandayan and Punnaiyadi at that were destroyed for construction of the new Tuticorn Port facilities.
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ASF 457 is later named Mucispirillum schaedleri. The species is related to the Flexistipes phylum with iron-reducing environmental isolates. EOS fusiform bacteria make up the majority of the intestinal microbiota, and are mainly found in the large intestine. They vastly outnumber facultative anaerobic and aerobic bacteria.
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It includes strict anaerobes including members of the Chloroflexi phylum, "Ca. Atribacteria", sulfate-reducing bacteria, and fermenters, methanogens and methanotrophs in the Archaea. Fungi are less diverse than in abyssal plains, mainly including Ascomycota and yeasts. Viruses in the Inoviridae, Siphoviridae and Lipothrixviridae families have been identified.
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Olo derives from the Torricelli language Phylum and belongs to the Wape Family. The two dialects that are spoken are Payi()Pay) and Wapi (Wape). The dialect boundaries are not absolute and are based on the prominent differences in grammar. Despite the differences, they share dialect chaining.
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Afifella is a photoheterotrophic genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).URDIAIN (M.), LÓPEZ-LÓPEZ (A.), GONZALO (C.), BUSSE (H.J.), LANGER (S.), KÄMPFER (P.) and ROSSELLÓ-MÓRA (R.): Reclassification of Rhodobium marinum and Rhodobium pfennigii as Afifella marina gen. nov. comb. nov. and Afifella pfennigii comb. nov.
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Dinoflagellates are eukaryotic plankton, existing in marine and freshwater environments. Previously, dinoflagellates had been grouped into two categories, phagotrophs and phototrophs. Mixotrophs, however include a combination of phagotrophy and phototrophy. Mixotrophic dinoflagellates are a sub-type of planktonic dinoflagellates and are part of the phylum Dinoflagellata.
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Hydrogenobacter is a genus of bacteria, one of the few in the phylum Aquificae. Type species is H. thermophilus. This genus belongs to Bacteria as opposed to the other inhabitants of extreme environments, the Archaea.Kawasumi T., Igarashi Y., Kodama T. and Minoda Y.: Hydrogenobacter thermophilus gen. nov.
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Mycotodea is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota division. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. The widespread genus contains 14 species.
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The endophyte species are listed alphabetically and grouped by genus, family, and phylum. Additional information is included in brackets after the strain designation, namely: the host Nepenthes species from which the endophyte has been recorded; the geographical source of the record; and the type of tissue sampled.
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The Haemoproteidae are a family of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa.Euzéby J (1988) Comparative Medical Protozoology, Vol. 3: Apicomplexa, 2: Haemosporidioses, Part 1: Plasmodiids, Haemoproteids, Piroplasms (general characters The species in this family produce pigment and do not have an asexual cycle in the blood.
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Inarticulata was historically defined as one of the two classes of the phylum Brachiopoda and referred to those having no hinge. The other class was Articulata, meaning articulated -- having a hinge between the dorsal and ventral valves. These classifications have now been superseded, see brachiopod classification.
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Themiste cymodoceae is a species of unsegmented benthic marine worm in the phylum Sipuncula, the peanut worms. It is native to shallow waters around Australia and in the South China Sea where it lives in a cavity it creates among seagrass roots and in empty oyster shells.
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Other invertebrates include the Nemertea or ribbon worms, and the Sipuncula. Another phylum is Platyhelminthes, the flatworms. These were originally considered primitive, but it now appears they developed from more complex ancestors. Flatworms are acoelomates, lacking a body cavity, as are their closest relatives, the microscopic Gastrotricha.
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The Fore language is spoken in the Okapa District in the Eastern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea. It is part of the East New Guinea Highlands Stock, and the Trans-New Guinea Phylum. It is spoken in three dialects: Northern (which is the prestige dialect), Central, and Southern.
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Prosphaerosyllis modinouae is a small marine worm which belongs to the Annelida phylum. It was originally found in the North Falklands Basin, at a depth of 450 m. The species is named after Ivvet Modinou, a volcanologist and science communicator. Specimen ranging from in length have been found.
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Aquifex is a bacterial genus, belonging to phylum Aquificae. There is one species of Aquifex with a validly published name – A. pyrophilus – but "A. aeolicus" is sometimes considered as species though it has no standing as a name given it has not been validly or effectively published. Aquifex spp.
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The Pectobacteriaceae are a family of Gram-negative bacteria which largely consist of plant pathogens. This family is a member of the order Enterobacterales in the class Gammaproteobacteria of the phylum Proteobacteria. Genera in this family include the type genus Pectobacterium, along with Brenneria, Dickeya, Lonsdalea, and Sodalis.
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Members of the Monoblepharidomycetes have a filamentous thallus that is either extensive or simple and unbranched. They frequently have a holdfast at the base. In contrast to other taxa in their phylum, some reproduce using autospores, although many do so through zoospores. Oogamous sexual reproduction may also occur.
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The Teberan languages are a well established family of Papuan languages that Stephen Wurm (1975) grouped with the Pawaia language as a branch of the Trans–New Guinea phylum. There are two Teberan languages, Dadibi and Folopa (Podopa). They are spoken in Southern Highlands Province and in adjoining provinces.
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Desulfovibrionales are a taxonomic order of bacteria belonging to the Phylum of Proteobacteria, with four families. Like all Proteobacteria, they are Gram- negative. The majority are sulfate-reducing, with the exception of Lawsonia and Bilophila.Garrity, George M.; Brenner, Don J.; Krieg, Noel R.; Staley, James T. (eds.) (2005).
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Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Arachnida Order: Schizomida Short-tailed whipscorpions, also known as Schizomids are relatively small, soft-bodied arachnids, with two-segmented bodies. Prosoma divided into three segments - protopeltidium, mesopeltidia and metapeltidia. Opisthosoma is divided into 12 recognizable segments. Last opisthosoma segment bears a short whip-like tail.
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Mycobacterium austroafricanum is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram- positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium. Type strain: strain E9789-SA12441 = ATCC 33464 = CCUG 37667 = CIP 105395 = DSM 44191 = HAMBI 2271 = JCM 6369.
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Mycobacterium avium subsp. silvaticum is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium. Type strain: strain 6409 = ATCC 49884 = CCUG 47446 = CIP 103317 = DSM 44175. Mycobacterium avium subsp.
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However, when they flee, they swim backward quickly by curling and uncurling their abdomens. A speed of has been recorded. This is known as the caridoid escape reaction. Symbiotic animals of the genus Symbion, the only member of the phylum Cycliophora, live exclusively on lobster gills and mouthparts.
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Tubulanus annulatus, commonly known as the football jersey worm, is a species of ribbon worm in the phylum Nemertea. It ranges across the northern Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, being present from the lower shore down to about , on sand, gravel and other habitats.
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Babesia bigemina is a species of alveolates belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa and the family Babesiidae, a type of protozoan parasite. In cattle, it causes babesiosis, also called "Texas fever". Its length is 4–5 µm and its width is 2–3 µm. Usually, it has an oval shape.
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Epixenosomes, also known as Candidatus Epixenosoma are a genus of bacteria in the phylum Verrucomicrobia that form a symbiosis with marine ciliates of the genus Euplotidium, where they help to defend their ciliate hosts against predators. It is a monospecific genus, containing only the species Ca. Epixenosoma ejectans.
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Suena is a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, in the "tail" of Papua New Guinea. It is part of the Binanderean family of the Trans–New Guinea phylum of languages. The Yarawi people spoke Suena during most of the 20th century, but may have switched to Binandere.
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Another causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Chlamydia is a phylum of intracellular parasites. These pathogens can cause pneumonia or urinary tract infection and may be involved in coronary heart disease. Other groups of intracellular bacterial pathogens include Salmonella, Neisseria, Brucella, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Listeria, Francisella, Legionella, and Yersinia pestis.
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During transcription, the RdRp produces one monocistronic mRNA strand from each segment of the genome.Fermin 2018, pp. 45–46 All -ssRNA viruses are classified in the phylum Negarnaviricota in the kingdom Orthornavirae in the realm Riboviria. Negarnaviricota only contains -ssRNA viruses, so "-ssRNA virus" is synonymous with Negarnaviricota.
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Megalodiscus temperatus is a Digenean in the phylum Platyhelminthes. This parasite belongs to the Diplodiscidae family and is a common parasite located in the urinary bladder and rectum of frogs. The primary host is frogs and the intermediate hosts of Megalodiscus temeperatus are freshwater snails in the genus Helisoma.
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The Coriobacteriia are a class of Gram-positive bacteria within the Actinobacteria phylum.Ludwig, W., Euze´ by, J., Schumann, P., Busse, H. J., Trujillo, M. E.,Ka¨ mpfer, P. & Whitman, W. B. (2012). Road map of the phylum Actinobacteria. In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, pp. 1–28. Eds.
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Chytridiomycetes (OED; Howjsay) is a class of fungi. Members are found in soil, fresh water, and saline estuaries. They are first known from the Rhynie chert. It has recently been redefined to exclude the taxa Neocallimastigomycota and Monoblepharidomycetes, which are now a phylum and a sister-class respectively.
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This phylum is currently defined as containing the Breviata and the Apusomonadida. However, it currently usually is viewed as paraphylectic, with the Breviata as more basal. The opisthokonts appear to have emerged as sister of the apusomonadida. It has been suggested that the Mantamonadida be classified in Apusozoa.
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Gordius is a genus of worms in the phylum Nematomorpha, the horsehair worms. It was formerly treated as the only genus in the family Gordiidae, but the genus Acutogordius is now usually included there.Bleidorn, C., et al. (2002). Systematic relationships of Nematomorpha based on molecular and morphological data.
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Cladophialophora bantiana (C. bantiana) is a dematiaceous fungus known to cause brain abscesses in humans. It is one of the most common causes of invasive phaeohyphomycosis in humans. Cladophialophora bantiana is a member of the phylum ascomycota and has been isolated from soil samples from around the world.
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Barrouxia is a genus of parasitic alveolates belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa. This genus was created by Schneider in 1885.Levine ND (1983) The genera Barrouxia, Defretinella, and Goussia of the coccidian family Barrouxiidae (Protozoa, Apicomplexa). J Protozool 30: 542-547 The species in this genus infect invertebrates.
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The Chloroflexus-1 RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics. Chloroflexus-1 motifs are found in the genus Chloroflexus, under the phylum Chloroflexi. Chloroflexus-1 RNAs likely function in trans as sRNAs. The motif's nucleic acid secondary structure consists of several small hairpins.
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A brittle star, Ophionereis reticulata A sea cucumber from Malaysia Starfish exhibit a wide range of colours This List of echinoderm orders concerns the various classes and orders into which taxonomists categorize the roughly 7000 extant species as well as the extinct species of the exclusively marine phylum Echinodermata.
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Wood–Ljungdahl or reductive acetyl–CoA pathway to fix carbon. The most commonly accepted tree of life, based on several molecular studies, has its root between a monophyletic domain Bacteria and a clade formed by Archaea and Eukaryota. However, a very small minority of studies place the root in the domain Bacteria, in the phylum Firmicutes, or state that the phylum Chloroflexi is basal to a clade with Archaea and Eukaryotes and the rest of Bacteria (as proposed by Thomas Cavalier-Smith). Research by William F. Martin (2016) genetically analyzed 6.1 million protein- coding genes and 286,514 protein clusters from sequenced prokaryotic genomes of various phylogenetic trees, and identified 355 protein clusters that were probably common to the LUCA.
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In 1886, Yves Delage wondered about the simplicity of the acoela body plan organization: is it the consequence of a loss, of regressions of characters during the evolution or the acoels preserved, for certain characters, an ancestral body plan organization? These flatworms were first assimilated to Turbellaria within the phylum plathelminthes, mainly on the basis of morphological resemblances. After numerous phylogenetics and phylogenomics studies, these acoela worms were placed within the subphylum Acoelomorpha phylum Xenacoelomorpha. The phylogenetic position of the acoela is unstable and has been the subject of much discussion: arguments place them at the base of the bilaterians, before the deuterostomians/protostomians dichotomy, while others place them rather at the base of deuterostomians.
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Phacus consists of organisms that are microscopic photosynthetic Euglenoids, which are a group of single celled, chloroplast- containing autotrophs within the phylum Euglenozoa, though the majority of genera within the phylum actually do not contain chloroplasts and are colourless. Generally these species are small, free swimming and exhibit a vibrant green colour. What sets the genus apart from other photosynthetic species is the presence of its rigid cytoskeleton (although some species have semi-rigid or plastic cytoskeleton) made up of pellicular strips and its predominantly flat, leaf-shaped structure. Many different species express secondary fusion of these pellicular strips and many of the strips have a variety of shapes including S-shaped, A-shaped, M-shaped or plateau.
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The evolutionary relationship between archaea and eukaryotes remains unclear. Aside from the similarities in cell structure and function that are discussed below, many genetic trees group the two. Complicating factors include claims that the relationship between eukaryotes and the archaeal phylum Crenarchaeota is closer than the relationship between the Euryarchaeota and the phylum Crenarchaeota and the presence of archaea-like genes in certain bacteria, such as Thermotoga maritima, from horizontal gene transfer. The standard hypothesis states that the ancestor of the eukaryotes diverged early from the Archaea, and that eukaryotes arose through fusion of an archaean and eubacterium, which became the nucleus and cytoplasm; this hypothesis explains various genetic similarities but runs into difficulties explaining cell structure.
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Over the years, several linguists have suggested a link between Niger–Congo and Nilo-Saharan, probably starting with Westermann's comparative work on the "Sudanic" family in which 'Eastern Sudanic' (now classified as Nilo-Saharan) and 'Western Sudanic' (now classified as Niger–Congo) were united. Gregersen (1972) proposed that Niger–Congo and Nilo-Saharan be united into a larger phylum, which he termed Kongo–Saharan. His evidence was mainly based on the uncertainty in the classification of Songhay, morphological resemblances, and lexical similarities. A more recent proponent was Roger Blench (1995), who puts forward phonological, morphological and lexical evidence for uniting Niger–Congo and Nilo-Saharan in a Niger–Saharan phylum, with special affinity between Niger–Congo and Central Sudanic.
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The development of microscopy revealed important distinctions between those organisms whose cells do not have a distinct nucleus (prokaryotes) and organisms whose cells do have a distinct nucleus (eukaryotes). In 1925 Édouard Chatton introduced the terms "prokaryote" and "eukaryote" to differentiate these organisms. In 1938, Herbert F. Copeland proposed a four-kingdom classification by creating the novel Kingdom Monera of prokaryotic organisms; as a revised phylum Monera of the Protista, it included organisms now classified as Bacteria and Archaea. Ernst Haeckel, in his 1904 book The Wonders of Life, had placed the blue-green algae (or Phycochromacea) in Monera; this would gradually gain acceptance, and the blue-green algae would become classified as bacteria in the phylum Cyanobacteria.
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Koribacter versatilis is a member of the acidobacteria phylum which itself is a newly devised phylum of bacteria, and is only distantly related to other organisms in the domain bacteria. Its closest phylogenetic relative is candidatus Solibacter usitatus, according to Michael Nerdahl. It contains 5,650,368 nucleotides, 4,777 proteins, and 55 RNA genes, and has a circular chromosome according to information found from GenBank. According to the Joint Genome Institute, “The bacterium is a gram-negative, highly capsulated, aerobic heterotroph that grows with a range of sugars, sugar polymers, and some organic acids.” It was first found in soil in a pasture from Australia in 2003, by a group of scientists led by S. J. Joseph.
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The Chloroflexi or Chlorobacteria are a phylum of bacteria containing isolates with a diversity of phenotypes, including members that are aerobic thermophiles, which use oxygen and grow well in high temperatures; anoxygenic phototrophs, which use light for photosynthesis (green non-sulfur bacteria); and anaerobic halorespirers, which uses halogenated organics (such as the toxic chlorinated ethenes and polychlorinated biphenyls) as electron acceptors. Most bacteria, in terms of diversity, are diderms and stain gram- negative, notable exceptions being Firmicutes (low G+C gram-positives), Actinobacteria (high-G+C gram-positives) and the Deinococcus–Thermus group (gram-positive diderms with thick peptidoglycan). In contrast, the members of the phylum Chloroflexi are monoderms, but stain mostly gram-negative.
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In biology, taxonomy () is the scientific study of naming, defining (circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped into taxa (singular: taxon) and these groups are given a taxonomic rank; groups of a given rank can be aggregated to form a super-group of higher rank, thus creating a taxonomic hierarchy. The principal ranks in modern use are domain, kingdom, phylum (division is sometimes used in botany in place of phylum), class, order, family, genus, and species. The Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus is regarded as the founder of the current system of taxonomy, as he developed a system known as Linnaean taxonomy for categorizing organisms and binomial nomenclature for naming organisms.
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Filospermoidea is an order within the phylum Gnathostomulida. Filospermoids are generally longer than gnathostomulids in the order Bursovaginoidea, and have an elongate rostrum. It lives in North America, off the coasts of the southern United States and the Caribbean, primarily in the Gulf of Mexico, as well as in southeastern Denmark.
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The distribution of a CSI is indicative of shared ancestry within the clade for which it is specific. It thus functions as a synapomorphic characteristic, so that the distributions of different CSIs provide the means to identify different orders and families within the phylum and so justify the phylogenetic divisions.
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The Chloroflexi-1 RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure detected by bioinformatics within the species Chloroflexus aggregans. C. aggregans has three predicted Chloroflexi-1 RNAs, which are located nearby to one another. This arrangement might suggest a repetitive element. C. aggregans is classified as belonging to the bacterial phylum Chloroflexi.
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Cornu aspersum (formerly Helix aspersa) – a common land snail Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda. The members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is estimated between 60,000 and 100,000 additional species.
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Cymbula adansonii is a species of true limpet grouped under the family of Patellidae, from the marine gastropod phylum. Limpets from the Patellidae family are classified into four clades: Helcion, Cymbula, Scutellastra, and Patella. The Cymbula genus originally emerged in Southern Africa. It shares a sister relationship with the Helcion genus.
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Blastocladiomycota was originally the order Blastocladiales within the phylum Chytridiomycota until molecular and zoospore ultrastructural characters were used to demonstrate it was not monophyletic with Chytridiomycota. The order was first erected by Petersen for a single genus, Blastocladia, which was originally considered a member of the oomycetes.Sparrow FK. 1960. Aquatic phycomycetes.
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The Awyu (pronounced like English Ow you) and Awyu–Dumut families were identified by Peter Drabbe in the 1950s. Voorhoeve included them in his proposed Central and South New Guinea group.Voorhoeve, C.L. 1968. “The Central and South New Guinea Phylum: a report on the language situation in south New Guinea.
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Nigrospora sphaerica is an airborne filamentous fungus in the phylum Ascomycota. It is found in soil, air, and plants as a leaf pathogen. It can occur as an endophyte where it produces antiviral and antifungal secondary metabolites. Sporulation of N. sphaerica causes its initial white coloured colonies to rapidly turn black.
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The phylum Basidiomycota can be divided into three major lineages: mushrooms, rusts and smuts. Fusion of haploid nuclei (karyogamy) occurs in the basidia, club-shaped end cells. Shortly after formation of the diploid cell, meiosis occurs and the resulting four haploid nuclei migrate into four, usually external cells called basidiospores.
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In taxonomy, the Korarchaeota are a phylum of the Archaea.See the NCBI webpage on Korarchaeota. Data extracted from the The name is derived from the Greek noun koros or kore, meaning young man or young woman, and the Greek adjective archaios which means ancient. They are also known as Xenarchaeota.
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A representation of diplococcus formation in Enterococcus. Phylum: Firmicutes Class: Bacilli Order: Lactobacillales Family: Enterococcaceae Genus: Enterococcus The genus Enterococcus belongs to the family Enterococcaceae. This genus is divided into 58 species and two subspecies. These gram-positive, coccoid bacteria were once thought to be harmless to the human body.
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Mycobacterium chubuense is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram- positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium. Type strain: strain 48013 (previously, strain 5517) = ATCC 27278 = CCUG 37670 = CIP 106810 = DSM 44219 = JCM 6374 = NCTC 10819.
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Blastopirellula marina, a member of the phylum Planctomycetes, is a halotolerant bacterium inhabiting aquatic environments.Schlesner, H., C. Rensmann, B. J. Tindall, D. Gade, R. Rabus, S. Pfeiffer, and P. Hirsch.2004. Taxonomic heterogeneity within the Planctomycetales as derived by DNA-DNA hybridization, description of Rhodopirellula baltica gen. nov., sp. nov.
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Alphaproteobacteria is a class of bacteria in the phylum Proteobacteria (See also bacterial taxonomy). Its members are highly diverse and possess few commonalities, but nevertheless share a common ancestor. Like all Proteobacteria, its members are gram-negative and some of its intracellular parasitic members lack peptidoglycan and are consequently gram variable.
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This mode of preservation thus argues against both a pelagic lifestyle and a chondrophoran interpretation of Ovatoscutum. Mikhail A. Fedonkin places Ovatoscutum in the extinct bilaterian phylum Proarticulata. In the light of current morphological and taphonomic data, the precise nature of Ovatoscutum is still under consideration. Its affinities therefore remain unknown.
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Dictyotales is a large order in the brown algae (class Phaeophyceae). Members of this order generally prefer warmer waters than other brown algae. One genus in this order is calcareous, Padina, the only calcareous member of this phylum. Dictyota dominates 70% of the benthos biomass in the Florida Keys reef tract.
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Protosteliomycetes/Protosteliales (ICBN) or Protostelea/Protostelia/Protosteliida (ICZN) is a grouping of slime molds from the phylum Mycetozoa. The name can vary depending upon the taxon used. Other names include Protostelea, Protostelia, and Protostelida. When not implying a specific level of classification, the term "protostelid" or "protosteloid amoeba" is sometimes used.
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Coprothermobacteria is a taxonomic class of bacteria in the phylum Coprothermobacterota. Currently, this class is represented by a single order of bacteria, with only one family to which belongs a genus (Coprothermobacter) of non-motile, rod-shaped microorganisms that stain Gram-negative, are non- spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, thermophilic and chemoautotroph.
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Conchifera is a subphylum of the phylum Mollusca. It comprises all of the shell-bearing classes of molluscs, including the snails, clams, tusk shells, ammonites, monoplacophorans, and so on. The other one is Aculifera. This taxonomic term is used mostly by paleontologists, and not by scientists who study the living molluscs.
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A study conducted showed that the distribution of the Gemmatimonadetes in soil tends to be more dependent on the moisture availability than aggregation, reinforcing the belief that the members of this phylum prefer dryer soils.. Smaller numbers were also found in various aquatic environments, such as fresh waters and sediments.
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Dimmendaal, Ahland & Jakobi (2019) summarize earlier work that the evidence suggests that Gumuz and Koman may indeed form two subgroups within a broader "Komuz" family and that there is some evidence that these two language families may indeed be part of a broader Nilo-Saharan phylum, albeit outliers in the family.
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The Tor family, named after the Tor River, is clearly established. Its closest relative appears to be Orya. Stephen Wurm (1975) linked Orya and the Tor languages with the Lakes Plain languages, forming a branch of his Trans–New Guinea phylum. Clouse (1997) found no evidence of such a connection.
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Members of the phylum Chloroflexi are monoderms and stain mostly Gram negative, whereas most bacteria species are diderms and stain Gram negative, with the Gram positive exceptions of the Firmicutes (low GC Gram positives), Actinobacteria (high GC, Gram positives), and the Deinococcus-Thermus group (Gram positive, diderms with thick peptidoglycan).
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Historically, the Negativicutes consisted of a single order, the Selenomonadales, and two families, Veillonellaceae and Acidaminococcaceae based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity.Ludwig W, Schleifer K-H, Whitman, WB (2009) Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes. In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 3, 2nd edn. pp. 1–13.
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Phoronis ovalis is a species of marine horseshoe worm in the phylum Phoronida. It is found in shallow waters in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, the southeastern Atlantic Ocean, Argentina, and other scattered locations worldwide. These worms secrete a tube into which they can retreat, and burrow into the shells of molluscs.
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Melampsora amygdalinae is a fungal pathogen and part of the phylum, basidiomycota. It is known as a rust fungus that is host specific. M. amygdalinae commonly infects willows of the genus Salix. This fungus was first discovered in 1909 by Heinrich Klebahn who was a professor of soil biology in Hamburg.
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Aestuariimicrobium is a singleton genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria), whose sole member, namely Aestuariimicrobium kwangyangense, was isolated from a diesel contaminated coastal site. Like all Actinobacteria, it is gram-positive and with a high CG content (69%). It is rod/coccoid shaped bacterium whose main quinone is menaquinone-7 (MK7).
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Metabolic reconstruction of a member of the Delphibacteria phylum. Key predicted metabolic and functional features are depicted. Genes of interest are denoted by abbreviations in the colored shapes. Filled shapes represent genes predicted to be present or likely to be present, whereas unfilled shapes represent genes that were not identified.
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Both have an unusually large number of sensory and response regulator genes compared to other bacteria. Members of the Modulibacteria phylum have been detected in a variety of environments in addition to bioreactors and hypersaline mats, such as wetland sediments (FJ516883.1), the dolphin mouth, and a tubeworm from a coldseep (FM165273).
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The origin of the brachiopods is uncertain; they either arose from reduction of a multi-plated tubular organism, or from the folding of a slug-like organism with a protective shell on either end. Since their Cambrian origin, the phylum rose to a Palaeozoic dominance, but dwindled during the Mesozoic.
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Sphaerobacter is a genus of bacteria. When originally described it was placed in its own subclass (Spahaerobacteridae) within the class Actinobacteria. Subsequently, phylogenetic studies have now placed it in its own order Sphaerobacterales within the phylum Chloroflexi. Up to now there is only one species of this genus known (Sphaerobacter thermophilus).
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Persephonella marina is a Gram-negative, rod shaped bacteria that is a member of the Aquificae phylum. Stemming from Greek, the name Persephonella is based upon the mythological goddess Persephone. Marina stems from a Latin origin, meaning "belonging to the sea". It is a thermophile with an obligate chemolithoautotrophic metabolism.
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Obelia is a genus of hydrozoans, a class of mainly marine and some freshwater animal species that have both polyp and medusa stages in their life cycle. Hydrozoa belongs to the phylum Cnidaria, which are aquatic (mainly marine) organisms that are relatively simple in structure. Obelia is also called sea fur.
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Saccharomycotina is a subdivision (subphylum) of the division (phylum) Ascomycota in the Kingdom Fungi. It comprises most of the ascomycete yeasts. The members of Saccharomycotina reproduce by budding and they do not produce ascocarps (fruiting bodies). The subdivision includes a single class: Saccharomycetes, which again contains a single order: Saccharomycetales.
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Ascocorticiellum is a fungal genus in the division Ascomycota. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Ascocorticiellum vermisporum.
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Ascofascicula is a fungal genus in the division Ascomycota. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Ascofascicula talaroluteoides.
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Pycnodermellina is a fungal genus in the division Ascomycota. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Pycnodermellina occulta.
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Syphosphaera is a fungal genus in the division Ascomycota. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Syphosphaera coronata.
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Telioclipeum is a fungal genus in the division Ascomycota. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Telioclipeum lavrense.
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Trichoplacia is a fungal genus in the division Ascomycota. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Trichoplacia microscopica.
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Tromeropsis is a fungal genus in the division Ascomycota. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Tromeropsis microtheca.
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Igneocumulus is a fungal genus in the division Ascomycota. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Igneocumulus yuccae.
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Gonidiomyces is a fungal genus in the division Ascomycota. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Gonidiomyces sociabilis.
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Haplopyrenulomyces is a fungal genus in the division Ascomycota. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Haplopyrenulomyces minoris.
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Harmandiana is a fungal genus in the division Ascomycota. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Harmandiana vouauxii.
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Heterocyphelium is a fungal genus in the division Ascomycota. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Heterocyphelium leucampyx.
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Heuflera is a fungal genus in the division Ascomycota. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Heuflera betulae.
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Hymenobia is a fungal genus in the division Ascomycota. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Hymenobia aporea.
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Hypnotheca is a fungal genus in the division Ascomycota. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Hypnotheca graminis.
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Wenyonella is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. The genus was described in 1933 by Hoare.Hoare CA (1933) Studies on some new ophidian and avian coccidia from Uganda, with a revision of the classification of the Eimeriidea. Parasitology 25: 359-388 The type species is Wenyonella africana.
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Macrodasys caudatus is a species of microscopic worm-like metazoan in the family Macrodasyidae in the phylum Gastrotricha. It lives in the interstices between particles of sediment on the seabed in shallow water. It is found in the Indian Ocean, the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and the North Sea.
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The air fern (Sertularia argentea) is a species of marine animal in the family Sertulariidae. It also known as the sea fir and Neptune plant. These so-called "ferns" are dead and dried colonies of hydrozoans, colonies of marine hydroids, class Hydrozoa, phylum Cnidaria. Hydroids are related to corals and jellyfish.
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Chaetomium subspirale is a fungus from the phylum Ascomycota. It was described by A. H. Chivers in 1912 in America. The species has sexual fruiting bodies that are ornamented with characteristic, coiled hairs giving it a wooly appearance. C. subspirale colonies are brown, which the characteristic hairs are also responsible for.
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Hydra ( ) is a genus of small, fresh-water organisms of the phylum Cnidaria and class Hydrozoa. They are native to the temperate and tropical regions. Biologists are especially interested in Hydra because of their regenerative ability – they do not appear to die of old age, or indeed to age at all.
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NsiR4, widely conserved throughout the cyanobacterial phylum, has been shown to be involved in nitrogen assimilation control in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and in the filamentous, nitrogen-fixing Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. PsrR1 (photosynthesis regulatory RNA1), formerly known as Syr1 discovered in Synechocystis sp PCC 6803, is a regulatory factor controlling photosynthetic functions.
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Corynactis, like other corals in the phylum Corallimorpharia, depend highly on their production of zooxanthellae and numerous animals which find themselves trapped by the oral disk as benthic invertebrates, crustaceans, worms, echinoderms and even fishes. They are very aggressive eaters, which allows for them to feed on larger particles in the water column.
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Caryospora is a genus of parasitic protozoa in the phylum Apicomplexa. The species in this genus infect birds and reptiles with the majority of described species infecting snakes. It is the third largest genus in the family Eimeriidae. Despite the number of species in this genus, it has not been much studied.
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Thorea is a genus of freshwater algae in the Phylum Rhodophyta (red algae). Thorea is a small alga with filaments up to 200 cm long, dark green in colour and not red as are marine Rhodophyta. The filaments have only as few secondary branches. Thorea is distributed throughout temperate and tropical regions.
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The Ctenophore phylum has a wide range of body forms, including the flattened, deep-sea platyctenids, in which the adults of most species lack combs, and the coastal beroids, which lack tentacles and prey on other ctenophores by using huge mouths armed with groups of large, stiffened cilia that act as teeth.
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Enterococcus is a large genus of lactic acid phylum Firmicutes Fecal enterococci inhabit gastrointestinal tract of animals. Therefore, having abnormally high indicators of fecal enterococcus in bodies of water correlates directly to fecal contamination (Domingo et al., 2003). Domingo also suggests that using the TaqMan-based approach can detect Enterococcus in environmental waters.
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The Leonhard Schultze languages were traditionally classified by Laycock and Z'graggen (1975) as part of the Sepik language family.Laycock, D. C. and Z'graggen, John A. 1975. The Sepik- Ramu Phylum. In Wurm, S.A. (ed.), Papuan Languages and the New Guinea Linguistic Scene, New Guinea Area Languages and Language Study 1, 729-763.
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TM7x are ultra-small bacteria, with a tiny cell size. They are in the form of small spherical cocci, having a diameter of about 0.2-0.3 µm. and cell volume of approximately 0.009 µm3. The TM7x bacteria belong to the TM7 phylum which consist of members that are gram positive in nature.
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In virology, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses's virus classification includes fifteen taxa: realm, subrealm, kingdom, subkingdom, phylum, subphylum, class, subclass, order, suborder, family, subfamily, genus, subgenus, and species, to be applied for viruses, viroids and satellite nucleic acids. There are currently fourteen viral orders, each ending in the suffix -virales.
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The Sepik languages consist of two branches of Kandru's Laycock's Sepik–Ramu proposal, the Sepik subphylum and Leonhard Schultze stock. According to Malcolm Ross, the most promising external relationship is not with Ramu, pace Laycock, but with the Torricelli family. Palmer (2018) classifies the Leonhard Schultze languages as an independent language phylum.
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Amplexograptus, a graptolite hemichordate, from the Ordovician near Caney Springs, Tennessee. Hemichordata are divided into two classes: the Enteropneusta, commonly called acorn worms, and the Pterobranchia, which may include the graptolites. A third class, Planctosphaeroidea, is proposed based on a single species known only from larvae. The phylum contains about 120 living species.
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Ernst Haeckel's 96th plate, showing some marine invertebrates. Marine invertebrates have a large variety of body plans, which are currently categorised into over 30 phyla. Marine invertebrates are the invertebrates that live in marine habitats. Invertebrate is a blanket term that includes all animals apart from the vertebrate members of the chordate phylum.
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a yeast of the phylum Ascomycota. During vegetative growth that ordinarily occurs when nutrients are abundant, S. cerevisiae reproduces by mitosis as diploid cells. However, when starved, these cells undergo meiosis to form haploid spores. Mating occurs when haploid cells of opposite mating types MATa and MATα come into contact.
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Nitrospira (from Latin: nitro, meaning "nitrate" and Greek: spira, meaning "spiral") translate into “a nitrate spiral” is a genus of bacteria within the monophyletic clade of Nitrospirae phylum. The first member of this genus was described 1986 by Watson et al. isolated from the Gulf of Maine. The bacterium was named Nitrospira marina.
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Ernst Haeckel is the main contributor to species description in the phylum Radiolaria, which contains the order Collodaria. Members of Collodaria were first described in 1862. In 1881, Collodaria was defined by Haeckel in 1881 as “Spumellaria without latticed shell.” The story behind this order involved the historic voyage of HMS Challenger.
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Obituary Walter Heywood Bryan. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, 78, 113–114. #Hill, D., 1967. The sequence and distribution of Ludlovian, Lower Devonian, and Couvinian faunas in the Union of Societ Socialist Republics. Palaeontology, 10, 660–693. #Hill, D., 1967. Phylum Archaeocyatha Vologdin 1937. In: Harland, W. B. et al.
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Volume 71. Oxford University Press. In studying various infectious diseases caused by parasitic protozoans from the Apicomplexa phylum, Dr. Huff noticed two types of schizonts developing in the infected hosts. He noticed smaller schizonts were found in the hepatic regions of the host, these ranged in size from 11 to 18 micrometers.
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In zoology the prefix infra- indicates a rank below sub-. For instance, among the additional ranks of class are superclass, subclass and infraclass. Rank is relative, and restricted to a particular systematic schema. For example, liverworts have been grouped, in various systems of classification, as a family, order, class, or division (phylum).
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Dicyema macrocephalum Classification is controversial. Traditionally, dicyemids have been grouped with the Orthonectida in the Mesozoa, and, as of 2017, molecular evidence appears to confirm this. However, other molecular phylogenies have placed the dicyemids more closely related to the roundworms. Additional molecular evidence suggests that this phylum is derived from the Lophotrochozoa.
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Mansonella ozzardi is a parasite in the phylum of Nematoda. This filarial nematode is one of two that causes serous cavity filariasis in humans. The other filarial nematode that causes it in humans is Mansonella perstans. M. ozzardi is an endoparasite that inhabits the serous cavity of the abdomen in the human host.
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Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Mantodea Mantises are an order (Mantodea) of insects that contains over 2,400 species and about 430 genera in 15 families. The largest family is the Mantidae ("mantids"). Mantises are distributed worldwide in temperate and tropical habitats. They have triangular heads with bulging eyes supported on flexible necks.
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Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Plecoptera Plecoptera is an insect order with about 3,500 described species with worldwide distribution. They are one of most primitive winged insects. The body is very simple, chewing mandibles, large compound eyes with two or three ocelli. Detailed work on plecopterans in Sri Lanka not yet carried out.
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Type specimens of Spiculosiphon oceana SEM images of sponge spicules covering the stalks of S. oceana Spiculosiphon oceana is a giant species of foraminifera (a phylum of unicellular eukaryotes). Its appearance and lifestyle mimics that of a sponge. It was discovered in 2013 in underwater caves 30 miles off the coast of Spain.
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The Eugregarinorida are the most large and diverse order of gregarines — parasitic protists belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa. Eugregarines are found in marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats. These species possess large trophozoites that are significantly different in morphology and behavior from the sporozoites. This taxon contains most of the known gregarine species.
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Ceratocorys horrida is a species of dinoflagellate from the Myzozoa phylum. The species was first listed by F. Stein in 1883. The body may be round in shape, or angular. The species has spines emanating from its body which may vary in length, which has resulted in the species described in various forms.
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Albumares was originally described by Mikhail Fedonkin as a free-swimming scyphozoan jellyfish. The branched furrows on the fossil were interpreted as imprints of a system of internal radial canals and tentacles along the outer margin of the fossil, with the three oval ridges described as imprints of mouth lobes or gonades. Later, with the discovery of the closely related Anfesta and with their seeming affinities to Tribrachidium, Fedonkin appointed these animals to the Trilobozoa , an extinct group of the tri- radially symmetrical coelenterate-like animals that only superficially resembled cnidarians. Originally, Trilobozoa was established as a class in the phylum Coelenterata, but since Coelenterata has been divided into two separate phyla, Cnidaria and Ctenophora, Trilobozoa itself has been promoted to the rank of phylum.
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Since the alphabet was deciphered in 1909, it has been proposed that Meroitic is related to the Nubian languages and similar languages of the Nilo-Saharan phylum. The competing claim is that Meroitic is a member of the Afroasiatic phylum. Rowan (2006, 2011) proposes that the Meroitic sound inventory and phonotactics (the only aspects of the language that are secure) are similar to those of the Afroasiatic languages, and dissimilar from Nilo-Saharan languages. For example, she notes that very rarely does one find the sequence CVC, where the consonants (C) are both labials or both velars, noting that is similar to consonant restrictions found throughout the Afroasiatic language family, suggesting that Meroitic might have been an Afroasiatic language like Egyptian.
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The Fertabacteria phylum was first proposed in 2017 following the recovery and analysis of a genome from the mouth of a bottlenose dolphin. Members of this phylum are predicted to have been widely under-detected in 16S rRNA gene-based surveys of community composition due to mismatches between commonly used primers and the corresponding primer site, as has been observed for many other members of the Candidate Phyla Radiation. The name "Fertabacteria" was proposed in recognition of this characteristic, as "ferta" is Latin for "tricky". Members of the Fertabacteria have been detected (retroactively) in a variety of environments, including the Caribbean coral Montastrea faveolata (FJ403053.1), the Guerrero Negro hypersaline microbial mat (JN443099.1), and the surface of marine macro-alga Ulva australis (DQ269036).
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In Plasmodium, Anopheles gambiae, and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes NUMT can barely be detected. In contrast, the conserved fragments of NUMT have now few were identified in genome data for Ciona intestinalis, Neurospora crassa, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and Rattus norvegicus. Antunes and Ramos were found the presence of NUMT in the fish genome for the first time in 2005 using of BLASTN, MAFFT, very vigorous genome mappings, and phylogenic analysis. Across the animal kingdom, Apis mellifera, from phylum Arthropoda, and Hydra magnipapillata, from phylum Cnidaria, are respectively the first and second animals with the highest ratio of NUMTs to the total size of the nuclear genome while Monodelphis Domestica, or Gray short-tailed opossum, is the record holder for NUMT frequency among vertebrates.
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Rhizophagus irregularis (previously known as Glomus intraradices) is an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus used as a soil inoculant in agriculture and horticulture. In addition, it is one of the best mycorrhizal varieties of fungi available to mycoforestry, but as it does not produce fruiting bodies it "has virtually no market value as an edible or medicinal mushroom"Stamets, P. (2005). Mycelium Running: How Mushrooms Can Help Save the World Rhizophagus irregularis is also commonly used in scientific studies of the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plant and soil improvement. Until 2001, the species was known and widely marketed as Glomus intraradices, but molecular analysis of ribosomal DNA led to the reclassification of all arbuscular fungi from Zygomycota phylum to the Glomeromycota phylum.
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Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Hemiptera Superfamily: Aphidoidea Aphids are minute insects that are plant sap feeders. They affect largely to economically valuable plants greatly, so aphids are of economic importance. About 4500 species with 500 genera are described in aphids. Out of them, Sri Lanka comprises 74 species in 46 genera and 6 subfamilies.
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The Dani–Kwerba languages were a hypothetical language family proposed by Arthur Capell in 1962 and adopted by Wurm as part of his Trans–New Guinea (TNG) phylum. Malcolm Ross reassigned the Dani languages to a West Trans–New Guinea linkage and the Kwerba languages to his Tor–Kwerba family, outside of TNG altogether.
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The Morganellaceae are a family of Gram-negative bacteria that include some important human pathogens formerly classified as Enterobacteriaceae. This family is a member of the order Enterobacterales in the class Gammaproteobacteria of the phylum Proteobacteria. Genera in this family include the type genus Morganella, along with Arsenophonus, Cosenzaea, Moellerella, Photorhabdus, Proteus, Providencia and Xenorhabdus.
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The Erwiniaceae are a family of Gram-negative bacteria which includes a number of plant pathogens and insect endosymbionts. This family is a member of the order Enterobacterales in the class Gammaproteobacteria of the phylum Proteobacteria. Genera in this family include the type genus Erwinia, along with Buchnera, Mixta, Pantoea, Phaseolibacter, Tatumella, and Wigglesworthia.
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Concelho Nacional de Desemvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico CNPq Brasilia. 43p.Cutler, Edward B. & Cutler, Norma J (1985): A revision of the genera Phascolion Théel and Onchnesoma Koren and Danielssen (Sipuncula). Proceedings of Biological Society of Washington 94(4):809-850Cutler, Edward B. & Gibbs, Peter E. (1985): A Phylogenetic analysis of higher taxa in the Phylum Sipuncula.
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The Pezizales are an order of the subphylum Pezizomycotina within the phylum Ascomycota. The order contains 16 families, 199 genera, and 1683 species. It contains a number of species of economic importance, such as morels, the black and white truffles, and the desert truffles. The Pezizales can be saprobic, mycorrhizal, or parasitic on plants.
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The following is a list of the classes in each phylum of the kingdom Animalia. There are 107 classes of animals in 33 phyla in this list. However, different sources give different numbers of classes and phyla. For example, Protura, Diplura, and Collembola are often considered to be the three orders in the class Entognatha.
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There is no convincing fossil record of the placozoa, although the Ediacaran biota (Precambrian, ) organism Dickinsonia may be allied with this phylum. Traditionally, classification was based on their level of organization: i.e. they possess no tissues or organs. However this may be as a result of secondary loss, so is inadequate to demark a clade.
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S. thermosulfidooxidans, as well as the genus Sulfobacillus, were first described in 1978 based on isolates from Kazakhstan. S. thermosulfidooxidans is the type species of the genus. The genus is of uncertain taxonomic position, likely related to the genus Thermaerobacter and possibly representing either a deep branch of the Firmicutes or a separate phylum.
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The taxonomic information for Thermotoga naphthophila is the following: Domain, Bacteria; Phylum, Thermotogae ; Order, Thermotogales ; Family, Thermotogaceae ; Genus, Thermotoga; Species, T. naphthophila . Thermotoga naphthophila is an anaerobic, sulfur-compound fixing, hyperthermophile. The species name is originally Greek. The term "naphtha" means a light petroleum substance that dilutes minerals to bitumen and "-philos" means love.
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Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 67: 1191-1205 are an order of the class Betaproteobacteria in the phylum "Proteobacteria".Garrity, George M.; Brenner, Don J.; Krieg, Noel R.; Staley, James T. (eds.) (2005). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume Two: The Proteobacteria, Part C: The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria. New York, New York: Springer. .
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Mycobacterium aubagnense is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram- positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium. Type strain: strain U8 = CCUG 50186 = CIP 108543. Etymology: N.L. neut. adj. aubagnense, pertaining to Aubagne, the city from where the first patient originated.
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Mycobacterium aurum is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium. The species is an acid fast, gram positive bacteria that forms long chains. Though related to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it does not cause tuberculosis.
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Mycobacterium bolletii is a bacterial species of the phylum Actinobacteria and the genus Mycobacterium. It was named in honor of Claude Bollet, a famous clinical microbiologist and taxonomist. The type strain of M. bollettii is strain BD = CCUG 50184 = CIP 108541. It has been proposed to reclassify M. bollettii as Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. bolletii.
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Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium. Type strain: strain PCP-I = ATCC 49826 = CIP 104189 = DSM 43826 = HAMBI 2278 = IEGM 559 = IFO (now NBRC) 15527 = JCM 7439 = NRRL B-16528.
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A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals. Reefs are formed of colonies of coral polyps held together by calcium carbonate. Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, whose polyps cluster in groups. Coral belongs to the class Anthozoa in the animal phylum Cnidaria, which includes sea anemones and jellyfish.
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Wallemia sebi is a xerophilic fungus of the phylum Basidiomycota. It is commonly found on highly sugared or salted materials, such as jams, bread, cakes, sugar, bacon, salted meats, and salted fish. It is also found in indoor air, house dust, and soil. One distinctive feature of W. sebi is its relationship with water activity.
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Leucocytozoon (or Leukocytozoon) is a genus of parasitic alveolates belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa. The species of this genus use blackflies (Simulium species) as their definitive host and birds as their intermediate host. There are over 100 species in this genus. Over 100 species of birds have been recorded as hosts to these parasites.
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Aspidosiphon elegans is a species of unsegmented benthic marine worm in the phylum Sipuncula, the peanut worms. It is a bioeroding species and burrows into limestone rocks, stones and corals. It occurs in the western Indo-Pacific region, the Red Sea, and the tropical western Atlantic Ocean, and is invasive in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.
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Salterellidae is a family of enigmatic fossil genera from the Early to Middle Cambrian. It was originally created for the genus Salterella by Charles Doolittle Walcott, who placed it in the group Pteropoda. It was later placed in Agmata, a proposed extinct phylum by Ellis L. Yochelson which is accepted by some other authors.
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Similarly, this animal lacks dedicated respiratory, excretory, and circulatory systems because of the high surface area to volume ratio. The basic body plan consists of several parts. Food travels through the muscular manubrium while the radial canals help disperse the food. The fried egg jelly and all other members of the phylum Cnidaria are diploblastic.
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M. pneumoniae is a bacterium that belongs to the phylum Firmicutes, class Mollicutes, order Mycoplasmatales and family Mycoplasmataceae. It is either filamentous or spherical. Individual spindle-shaped cells of M. pneumoniae are 1 to 2 µm long and 0.1 to 0.2 µm wide. M. pneumoniae is a motile, mesophilic bacterium that exhibits obligate aerobic respiration.
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Picozoa, Picobiliphyta, Picobiliphytes, or Biliphytes are a phylum of marine unicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes with a size of less than about 3 micrometers. They were formally treated as eukaryotic algae and the smallest member of photosynthetic picoplankton. The first species identified therein is Picomonas judraskeda. They probably belong in the Archaeplastida as sister of the Rhodophyta.
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The Thadou language comes from the Tibeto-Burman or Kuki-Chin-Mizo languages family of the Sino-Tibetan phylum. The Thadou people were settled in dense jungle sites. The Thadou villages mostly cultivated agriculture and domesticated animals. A unique aspect of the Thadou culture is that men and women shared these cultivation and domestication responsibilities.
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Biological classification is a critical component of the taxonomic process. As a result, it informs the user as to what the relatives of the taxon are hypothesized to be. Biological classification uses taxonomic ranks, including among others (in order from most inclusive to least inclusive): Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species, and Strain.
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Rutgersella truexi is a flat, segmented fossil, with both radial and bilateral symmetry like Dickinsonia, but with a shorter midline. The fossils are pyritized; some internal chambers are filled with chalcedony, so that they are preserved along with basal rhizines. According to Retallack, these observations suggest affinities with lichens, and perhaps the fungal phylum Glomeromycota.
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Other species lack the zooxanthellae and, having no need for well-lit areas, typically live in deep-water locations. Unlike other members of this phylum, anthozoans do not have a medusa stage in their development. Instead, they release sperm and eggs into the water. After fertilisation, the planula larvae form part of the plankton.
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This ganglion is responsible for motor and sensory impulses to and from the lophophore, as well as the epithelium and digestive tract. The lophophore retractor is the muscle which controls the movement of the lophophore. Unlike most bryozoans, this species does not have the ovicells or avicularia often seen in other members of this phylum.
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Phoronis is one of the two genera of the horseshoe worm family (Phoronidae), in the phylum Phoronida. The body has two sections, each with its own coelom. There is a specialist feeding structure, the lophophore, which is an extension of the wall of the coelom and is surrounded by tentacles. The gut is U-shaped.
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Sea anemones are the marine, predatory animals of the order Actiniaria. They are named after the anemone, a terrestrial flowering plant, because of the colourful appearance of many. Sea anemones are classified in the phylum Cnidaria, class Anthozoa, subclass Hexacorallia. As cnidarians, sea anemones are related to corals, jellyfish, tube-dwelling anemones, and Hydra.
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The green sulfur bacteria (Chlorobiaceae) are a family of obligately anaerobic photoautotrophic bacteria. Together with the non-photosynthetic Ignavibacteriaceae, they form the phylum Chlorobi. Green sulfur bacteria are nonmotile (except Chloroherpeton thalassium, which may glide) and capable of anoxygenic photosynthesis. In contrast to plants, green sulfur bacteria mainly use sulfide ions as electron donors.
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Pywackia is a contentious Cambrian fossil that has been interpreted as the earliest (total group) Bryozoan, and the only representative of that phylum in the Cambrian period. Its Bryozoan credentials have been called into question, but the octocoral alternative is equally unconvincing, and there are reasons to suggest a position in the Stenolaemata stem lineage.
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Buccal cirri are found in organisms in the group called Amphioxus, which are commonly known as Lancelets. These organisms are in the kingdom Animalia, the phylum Chordata, the class Leptocardii, and the order Amphioxiformes. Lancelets are classified in the taxonomic group cephalochordates. There are thirty two different species of Lancelets in the order of Amphioxiformes.
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Paramecium aurelia are unicellular organisms belonging to the genus Paramecium of the phylum Ciliophora. They are covered in cilia which help in movement and feeding.Paramecium can reproduce sexually, asexually, or by the process of endomixis. Paramecium aurelia demonstrate a strong “sex reaction” whereby groups of individuals will cluster together, and emerge in conjugant pairs.
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The Flavobacterium-1 RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics. Flavobacterium-1 motif RNAs are found in metagenomic samples from the environment, and only one example of this motif is present in a classified organism. This organism is Flavobacterium sp. SCGC AAA160-P02, which belongs to the bacterial phylum Bacteroidetes.
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Phialemonium curvatum is a pathogenic fungus in the phylum Ascomycota. The genus was created to accommodate taxa intermediate to Acremonium and Phialophora. This genus is characterized by its abundance of adelophialides and few discrete phialides with no signs of collarettes. Specifically, P. curvatum is characterized by its grayish white colonies and its allantoid conidia.
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Examples include cedars, Douglas firs, cypresses, firs, junipers, kauri, larches, pines, hemlocks, redwoods, spruces, and yews.Campbell, Reece, "Phylum Coniferophyta". Biology. 7th. 2005. Print. P. 595 As of 1998, the division Pinophyta was estimated to contain eight families, 68 genera, and 629 living species. Although the total number of species is relatively small, conifers are ecologically important.
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Most of the language's Nigerian speakers are found in Benue, Taraba, Nasarawa and Plateau States. The language is a branch of Benue–Congo and ultimately of the Niger–Congo phylum. In pre-colonial times, the Fulani ethnic group referred to the Tiv as "Munchi" (also sometimes written Munshi e.g. Duggan 1932), a term not accepted by Tiv people.
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In biology, solenocytes are flagellated cells associated with excretion, osmoregulation and ionoregulation in many animals and in some chordates under the sub-phylum Cephalochordata. These are the cells which form subtypes of protonephridium along with the other type i.e. flame cells. Flame cells can be distinguished from solenocytes as the former is usually ciliated whereas the latter is flagellated.
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Contraction of the mantle pushes out water from the mantle cavity causing propulsion for swimming. Ostracods are a part of Phylum Arthropoda as Class Crustacea. Ostracods are limited to damp environments due to gas exchange using gills, but primarily inhabit aquatic environments which is further evidence supporting a marine environment during the Jurassic in Northern Yukon.
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Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Arachnida Order: Scorpiones Scorpions are easily identified by their large pedipalas and curved tail above the head. There are about 1,750 species of scorpions described within 13 families. Sri Lanka is home for 18 scorpions under 3 families. Whilst all scorpions are venomous, only one species native to Sri Lanka is fatal to humans.
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The arthropods are a phylum of animals with jointed legs; they include the insects, arachnids such as spiders, myriapods, and crustaceans. Insects play many roles in culture including their direct use as food, in medicine, for dyestuffs, and in science, where the common fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster serves as a model organism for work in genetics and developmental biology.
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Spinoloricus is a genus of nanaloricid loriciferans. Its type species is S. turbatio, described in 2007, and another species, native to completely anoxic environment, Spinoloricus cinziae, was described in 2014.Neves, Gambi, Danovaro & Kristensen (2014) Spinoloricus cinziae (Phylum Loricifera), a new species from a hypersaline anoxic deep basin in the Mediterranean Sea. Systematics and Biodiversity, , 4, .
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DSR is the predominant metabolism, so sulfate reducing bacteria are abundant above the SMTZ. Examples of sulfate- reducing bacteria are green non-sulfur bacteria which are part of the Planctomycetes phylum, Gammaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria. The archaeal community is also involved in sulfate reduction above the SMTZ and consists mainly of members of Euryarchaeotal Marine Benthic Group D.
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The dark gray anoxic sediments at the bottom of L'Atalante lake are covered with a loose black layer. Microbes found in the sediments are almost all (90%) various species of Bacillus. In 2010, three metazoan species, all in the Loricifera phylum, were discovered living in the sediment, the first multicellular lifeforms known to live entirely without oxygen.
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Lentisphera araneosa is a marine bacteria strain in the bacterial phylum Lentisphaerae. They are able to produce viscous transparent exopolymers and grow attached to each other by the polymer in a three-dimensional configuration. They are part of the natural surface bacterial population in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. They are less than 1% of the total bacterial community.
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In 1983, Cavalier-Smith introduced Archezoa for (which he called) primitive protists that lack mitochondria. He originally considered it as a subkingdom, but by 1989, with the establishment of Chromista as separate kingdom, he treated it as a kingdom. Archezoa is now defunct. He now assigns former members of the kingdom Archezoa to the phylum Amoebozoa.
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Cymbula adansonii is a species of sea snail, a true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Patellidae. It is one of the several families of true limpets. Marine gastropods, colloquially classified as snails and slugs, encompass the entire class of invertebrates in the Mollusca phylum. True limpets, are pelagic snails within the Patellidae family.
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The Pedo-repair RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure identified by using bioinformatics. It has been detected in only one species of bacteria: Pedobacter sp. BAL39, within the phylum Bacteroidetes. The motif might be in the 5′ untranslated regions of operons containing genes predicted to be involved in DNA repair or related to restriction enzymes.
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In hyphae of basidiomycete fungi, parenthesomes (1) "cap" a dolipore septum (2). The cell wall (3) swells around the septal pore to form a barrel-shaped ring. Perforations in the parenthesome allow cytoplasm to flow between (4) and (5). Dolipore septa are specialized dividing walls between cells (septa) found in almost all species of fungi in the phylum Basidiomycota.
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The Euryarchaeota are diverse in appearance and metabolic properties. The phylum contains organisms of a variety of shapes, including both rods and cocci. Euryarchaeota may appear either gram-positive or gram- negative depending on whether pseudomurein is present in the cell wall. Euryarchaeota also demonstrate diverse lifestyles, including methanogens, halophiles, sulfate-reducers, and extreme thermophiles in each.
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The Neogregarinorida are an order of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this order infect insects and are usually found in the fat body, hemolymph, hypodermis, intestine or Malpighian tubules. The most common site of infection is the fat body: many species are pathogenic for their hosts. The species in this order are predominantly intracellular parasites.
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Thelenota rubralineata is a species of sea cucumber in the family Stichopodidae, in the phylum Echinodermata, mainly located in the central Indo-Pacific region. It has a distinctive coloring pattern, and can be found on the seabed near coral. T. rubralineata is part of the Thelenota genus, characterized by their large size and the presence of a calcareous ring.
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Loricifera (from Latin, lorica, corselet (armour) + ferre, to bear) is a phylum of very small to microscopic marine cycloneuralian sediment-dwelling animals with 37 described species, in nine genera. Aside from these described species, there are approximately 100 more that have been collected and not yet described. Their sizes range from 100 μm to ca. 1 mm.
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Morphology suggests that they are close to the Gnathostomulida, the Rotifera, or the Nematoda. On the other hand, genetic studies place them as close relatives of the Platyhelminthes, the Ecdysozoa or the Lophotrochozoa. As of 2011, around 790 species have been described. The phylum contains a single class, divided into two orders: the Macrodasyida and the Chaetonotida.
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A study of the gene order in the mitochondria suggests that Seisonidea and Acanthocephala are sister clades and that the Bdelloidea are the sister clade to this group. Currently the phylum is divided into four classes – Palaeacanthocephala, Archiacanthocephala, Polyacanthocephala and Eoacanthocephala. The monophyletic Archiacanthocephala are the sister taxon of a clade comprising Eoacanthocephala and the monophyletic Palaeacanthocephala.
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