The phyllodes are asymmetrical, broadest below the middle and long and wide. There are four to five primary veins springing from the phyllode base. It has prominent glands at the pulvinus. Inflorescences are deep yellow spikes in the phyllode axils.
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To emphasize this difference, botanists call such an apparent leaf a phyllodium, or phyllode.
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Gall induction by founders is only permitted when new phyllode growth is available for inoculation.
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DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800036 A. acuminata (small seed variant) A. acuminata (narrow phyllode variant) A. acuminata (broad phyllode variant / typical variant) The species name acuminata comes from the Latin acuminatus, which means pointed or elongated. This refers to the long tapering point at the end of each phyllode. The common name raspberry jam tree refers to the strong odour of the freshly cut wood, which resembles raspberry jam, and is referred to as fine leaf jam, "raspberry jam" or jam tree.
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Damage to growing pitcher leaves prevent them from forming proper pitchers, and again, the plant produces a phyllode instead.
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Most Australian wattles lose these true leaves as they grow, and develop instead the leaf-like organ called a phyllode.
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A colony is initiated by a single female who induces gall formation on a growing phyllode of a host Acacia tree.
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All feeding stages feed on the phyllode surface enclosed by the domicile and, as with most other thrips, offspring feed independently.
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The specific epithet is Latin in origin and means blister or pimple-like in reference to the prominence of the marginal gland on the phyllode.
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Each phyllode is smooth or has fine silky hairs with several obscure parallel veins and occasionally a more prominent midvein tapering to a stiff point. The phyllodes narrow to a short curved lined stalk. The inflorescence consists of 14-22 pale yellow to bright yellow flowers long and appear in pairs in the phyllode axis. The flower stalks are long covered in fine hairs.
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Single females, or a female-male pair, induce a gall on the phyllode of a specific host plant and become fully enclosed within a few days after initiation.
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Thus, the phyllode comes to serve the functions of the leaf. Phyllodes are common in the genus Acacia, especially the Australian species, at one time put in Acacia subgenus Phyllodineae. Acacia koa with phyllode between the branch and the compound leaves In Acacia koa, the phyllodes are leathery and thick, allowing the tree to survive stressful environments. The petiole allows partially submerged hydrophytes to have leaves floating at different depths, the petiole being between the node and the stem.
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Each phyllode has a length of and a width of with two or three prominent longitudinal main nerves. Although it flowers across a wide time span over most of the continent, in Western Australia it is much more restricted, blooming only from May to September producing yellow flowers. The dense flower spikes are paired in phyllode axils and have a length of . After flowering linear, straight to curved seed pods form with a length of and a width of .
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Furthermore, each phyllode extends into a spine. Tolerate frosts to . A. alata blooms between April and December. The inflorescence is simple with mostly two flowers per axil, but sometimes distributed in racemes.
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The forewings are plain dark brown. The hindwings are plain pale yellow. The larvae feed on dead phyllodes of Eucalyptus and Acacia species. They construct a shelter of two irregular pieces of dead phyllode joined by silk.
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It is closely allied with Acacia purpureopetala which is also found in Queensland. The specific epithet is derived from Latin and is in reference to the hairy nature of the branchlets and phyllode margins having short hairs or tubercles.
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Retrieved June 2012 The tip of the phyllode is obtuse with a mucro, a small hard point,Greig, D. (2002). A photographic guide to wildflowers of outback Australia. Sydney, Australia: New Holland Publishers (Australia) Pty Ltd. p. 71. pointing downward.
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Like most Acacias it has phyllode s rather than true leaves. The phyllodes have a dimidiate to subfalcate shape and are in length and wide and are glaucous with a slight sheen. The phyllodes have numerous parallel longitudinal nerves. It blooms between January and June.
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The small spreading shrub typically grows to a height of . It blooms in May and produces yellow flowers. The phyllodes are arranged in whorls each with 10 to 14 phyllodes. Each phyllode is slightly flattened and straight or slightly recurved and from in length.
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Each phyllode is 2–9 cm (1-3½ in) in length and 0.5–3 cm wide. Its flowers are creamy white or pale yellow and appear in winter and spring. The inflorescence is glabrous with globose heads with a diameter of . These are followed by long curved seed pods.
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The inflorescences are simple, occurring singly in the phyllode axils on peduncles about 10–20 mm long. The 20 to 30 bright yellow flowers are 5 to 7.5 mm in diameter. The pods show slight raising over the seeds and are 6–12 cm by 1–3 mm wide.
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The slightly to prominently flexuose and glabrous branchlets have persistent stipules. The evergreen phyllodes are continuous with branchlets and form opposite wings with each one extending to the next below. Each phyllode is in length and has a width of . It produces yellow spherical inflorescences between August and December.
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Each phyllode is in length with a diameter of about . It flowers from July to September producing densely packed golden-yellow flowers. The inflorescences are simple with two found 2 per axil. The heads of each inflorescence has an obloid shape and are about in length with a diameter of around .
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The dense and spreading shrub typically grows to a height of and to wide. It has fine to densely haired branchlets. The phyllodes are ascending to erect with a straight oblong-elliptic to narrowly oblong shape. Each thick fleshy phyllode has a length of and a width of with a non-prominent midrib.
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The bushy shrub or tree typically grows to a height of with the canopy spreading to a width of . It has glabrous branchlets with rough brown bark on the stem. The patent to pendulous grey-green phyllodes have a narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate shape. Each olive green glabrous phyllode is and are wide.
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The shrub typically grows to a height of . It is glabrous branchlets has caducous stipules and can have minute hairs often found within the phyllode axils. The green to green phyllodes have a linear to oblanceolate shape and are straight to incurved. The phyllodes have a length of and a width of .
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They are quite stiff but flexible and have a length of and a width of with one prominent yellowish coloured mid-nerve and one less prominent nerve on either side of the phyllode along with four to eight minor parallel nerves. It blooms between June and July and also September and October.
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The free portion of each phyllode usually has a length of . It produces yellow flowers between July and October in winter and spring. Each inflorescences has one to four globular heads containing 10 to 20 golden flowers. Following flowering curved flat seed pods with a length of around and a width of form.
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Each wing is wide. The free portion of each phyllode has a lanceolate to narrowly triangular shape and is straight or very shallowly incurved with a length of . It blooms between October and January producing yellow flowers. Each racemose inflorescences has globular head of a diameter containing 60 to 70 densely packed golden flowers.
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The silvery to silvery blue-green phyllodes are falcately recurved over their entire length. Each phyllode is in length and wide. There are one or two simple inflorescences on each axil forming light golden flower spikes that are with flowers densely arranged within. Following flowering red-brown to dark brown linear seed pods form.
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The slender and glabrous shrub typically grows to a height of . It has grey to grey-brown coloured, longitudinally fissured bark. The glabrous branchlets are often covered with a fine white powder and are flattened towards the apices and have prominent, non-resinous ridges. Like ost species of Acacia it has phyllode rather than true leaves.
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The shrub or tree typically grows to a height of and has an erect or spreading habit. It has finely to deeply fissured bark that is grey to black in colour. The glabrous branchlets are angled and commonly terete. It has mostly green phyllode with an oblanceolate or narrowly elliptic shape that are straight to falcate.
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It grows as a procumbent or spreading shrub typically growing to a height of in height. The stems can be glabrous or have small erect hairs present and with linear stipules that are long. The phyllodes occur in grouped whorls with six to ten present in each group. Each flattened or slightly recurved phyllode is around in length.
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The rounded or straggly shrub or tree typically grows to a height of . The species can have multiple stems at the base with a spreading and bushy canopy above. The phyllodes are variable with a narrowly linear to linear-oblanceolate shape that can sometimes be narrowly elliptic and straight to shallowly curved. Each phyllode is in length and wide.
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The rigid spreading prickly shrub typically grows to a height of . The branchlets are glabrous to sparsely haired and have scarring where phyllodes have detached. The pungent, rigid, glabrous phyllodes are sessile and are found on distinct, yellow stem-projections. Each phyllode has a straight to curved shape and are usually in length with a width of .
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The free part of phyllode is mostly in length. It blooms between May and October producing white - cream and yellow blossoms. Each inflorescence is racemose with globular heads containing 13 to 21 white, cream or pale lemon yellow flowers. Seed pods form after flowering, each pod is curved but flat to about in length with a width of .
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The wiry entangled shrub has a dense domed compact habit and typically has a height of and a width of . The branchlets have a twisted appearance with parallel ridges running along their length. Each phyllode is widely separated from the next. Phyllodes are around in length and long wide and have the same shape as the branchlets.
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Each phyllode is in length with a width of and are coarsely pungent. It blooms from July to September and produces yellow flowers. Inflorescences are made up of three to four globular heads each with a diameter of each composed of 20 to 30 golden flowers. Following flowering seed pods that are straight to shallowly curved up to about in length and .
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Flowers and leaves Acacia saligna grows as a small, dense, spreading tree with a short trunk and a weeping habit. It grows up to eight metres tall. Like many Acacia species, it has phyllodes rather than true leaves; these can be up to 25 centimetres long. At the base of each phyllode is a nectary gland, which secretes a sugary fluid.
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A. ramulosa is an erect, spreading and multi-branched shrub that typically grows to a height of . The ribbed glabrescent branchlets have small white hairs between the ribs, the resinous young tips are darker in colour. The phyllode bases can have resinous ribs with some red-glandular hairs. The erect, thick and linear phyllodes are usually in length and in width.
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On the upper margin approx. 2–4 mm (<10) from the base of the phyllode a conspicuous, small, oval shaped gland is present. Inflorescence occurs mostly in spring in axillary racemes longer than the phyllodes, consisting of 10-15 bright yellow globular flowers resulting in seed pods that are flat and narrowly oblong 2.5-4.5 cm long and 7–11 mm wide.
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The spreading, intricate pungent shrub typically grows to a height of . It has coarsely or sharply pungent branchlets that can be glabrous or quite hairy and covered with a fine white powder at the extremities. Like most species of Acacia it has [phyllode s rather than true leaves. The ascending to erect and pungent phyllodes have an inequilateral wedge-shaped to obtriangular shape.
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The evergreen phyllodes have an elliptic to oblanceolate shape that can be slightly recurved. Each phyllode is in length and wide with a thick leathery texture and have a prominent midrib and marginal nerves. It blooms from July to August and produces yellow flowers. The spherical inflorescences flower-heads have a diameter of containing 50 to 80 densely packed golden flowers.
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The low spreading, viscid shrub typically grows to a height of . The obscurely ribbed branches normally spread horizontally giving the shrub a flat-topped appearance. The green to grey-green phyllodes are solitary or sometimes in clusters of two or three at the nodes. Each phyllode is in length and has a diameter of about and are straight or curve shallowly upward.
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The phyllodes are arranged singly or infrequently in twos or threes. The phyllodes have a linear to narrowly elliptic shape and are straight to slightly upcurved with a length of and a width of with a prominent midnerve. It blooms from December to June producing yellow flowers. The flower spikes occur in singly or in pairs at the phyllode axils.
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Acacia obtusifolia is an upright or spreading perennial tree which grows from 1.5m to 8m in height and it is native to Australia. It is closely related to Acacia longifolia. Acacia obtusifolia can be distinguished by it having phyllode margins which are resinous, it usually blooms later in the year and it has paler flowers than Acacia longifolia.PlantNET Flora Online It flowers usually from December through February.
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The tree or shrub typically grows to a height of but can sometimes reach up to . It has rough, corky and fissured bark with pendulous brittle branchlets. The green to yellowish green to grey green phyllodes have an oblanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate shape and are straight to shallowly recurved. Each phyllode has a length of and a width of and has three distant main nerves.
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The shrub or small tree typically grows to a height of with minni-ritchi bark and yellow flowers. The silvery coloured branchlets have small silky hairs. The silvery to grey-green phyllodes have a linear to shallowly incurved shape. Each phyllode has a length of and a width of and also are covered with silky hairs and seven to nine raised nerves on each face.
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Acacia subulata, commonly known as awl-leaf wattle, is a shrub endemic to New South Wales in Australia. The species grows to between 1 and 4 metres high and has phyllodes that measure 6 to 14 cm long and 0.8 to 1.5 mm wide. These are straight or slightly curved . The globular yellow flowerheads appear in racemes (groups of 3 to 11) in the phyllode axils predominantly from June to December.
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The crowded but scattered evergreen phyllodes are patent to inclined with a lanceolate to narrowly triangular shape that is straight to shallowly recurved. The glossy dark green phyllodes have a length of and a width of and are pungent and rigid with a prominent midrib. The tip of the phyllode slowly thins down to a long reddish coloured spine. When it blooms it produces inflorescences that occur singly along rudimentary racemes.
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The original plant was first sighted in 1995 by a group of bushwalkers in the Black Range State Forest, north-east of Melbourne. It was a single red-flowering plant growing among the usual yellow flowered forms of the large phyllode variant of Acacia leprosa (Acacia leprosa var. uninervia) that was described as "8 feet tall and spreading". The plant was propagated from cuttings by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne.
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Daviesia mimosoides, the blunt-leaved bitter pea is a shrub found in south eastern Australia, up to 5 metres tall but usually much smaller. Often a dominant shrub at high or low altitudes, mostly growing on acidic soils. This plant first appeared in scientific literature in 1811 in the second edition of Hortus Kewensis published by the prolific Scottish botanist Robert Brown. The specific epithet mimosoides refers to the phyllode like leaves, similar to mimosa.
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In exposed situations it is a large, prostrate or decumbent shrub, with its trunk and lower branches usually growing along the ground, reaching up to 3 m in height and spreading to 4 m or more horizontally. The oval phyllodes are 50–100 mm long with prominent longitudal veins. The bright yellow flowers occur as elongated spikes up to 50 mm long in the phyllode axils. Flowering occurs mainly in late winter and spring.
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The species was first formally described by the botanist Allan Cunningham in 1832 as part of George Dons work A General History of Dichlamydeous Plants. It was reclassified as Racosperma prominens by Leslie Pedley in 2003 then tranferred back to genus Acacia in 2006. The species epithet refers to the prominent exerted gland on the margin of the phyllode, about above the pulvinus. It is most closely related to A. kettlewelliae and A. covenyi.
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The simple inflorescences are arranged with one per axil with spherical flower-heads containing 15 to 20 light golden flowers that turn orange-brown when dry. After flowering linear yellow woodyseed pods form that are around in length and around wide. The mottled seeds within the pods have an ovate to oblong shape and are about in length. The phyllodes resemble those of Acacia tetragonophylla and the acicular phyllode variant of Acacia maitlandii.
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Each dull light green phyllode is long, and and exudes a sweet fragrant smell. The simple inflorescences form as spikes that are scattered over plant and are long and wide with the flowers densely arranged. Following flowering seed pods form that are Pods flat to sub-quadrangular in shape and in length with a width of . The erect, woody, yellow-brown to brown pods open elastically from the apex and are often slightly hooked.
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The small to medium sized shrub can reach a height of around . It has rigid and narrow phyllodes that are in length and terminate with a sharp point. It blooms between late summer and spring producing inflorescences with cream or pale yellow coloured flowers that are found in spherical shaped clusters appearing in the phyllode axils. The simple inflorescences mostly occur in groups of two to four and the flower-heads contain 12 to 25 flowers.
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The golden-yellow flowerheads, on 5–15 cm long peduncles, appear at the phyllode axils. Flower parts are pentamerous, with the sepals fused into a synsepalous calyx. Flowers appear from August to October, followed by irregularly twisted, glaucous, brown seed pods which are 3 to 6 cm long and 3 to 6 mm wide. Its occurs naturally in Western Australia, South Australia and Victoria and is listed as endangered under the Threatened Species Conservation Act in New South Wales.
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The smooth phyllodes are curved, and are 80-260 mm long by 4-18 mm wide. They have two primary veins (sometimes 1 or 3) and the secondary may be oblique, veined like a feather or forming a network. The base of the phyllode narrows gradually but the apex is acute. There are three glands along the dorsal margin and at the pulvinus. The axilliary inflorescences are racemes or panicles, with 4-11 heads per raceme.
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The phyllodes are elliptic, smooth, and curved, and are 70-180 mm long by 7-35 mm wide, with two to three primary veins. The secondary veins are oblique or penniveined or form a network. The base of the phyllode is attenuate, while the apex is obtuse. There are four to five glands along the dorsal margin. The axillary inflorescences are racemes or panicles, with 9-24 heads per raceme, on an axis 65-150 mm long.
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The silvery-grey shrub typically grows to a height of . It has smooth, grey to brown coloured bark with two or three angled branchlets covered in dense silky hairs. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The flat and evergreen phyllodes have a narrowly elliptic to elliptic shape with a length of and a width of and have three to six prominent longitudinal nerves present of the face if the phyllode.
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Acacia lineata grows into a bushy, low spreading shrub 0.5-2m high and 1-2.5m wide. Branchlets are round, hairy and resinous. It is a perennial. Like a lot of Acacias, the leaves of A. lineata are not true leaves, but a modified leaf stem known as a phyllode. The phyllodes of A. lineata are dark green, sparsely to densely hairy, often sticky, slightly clustered, tough and erect; ending in a small point 0.7-2.5cm long to 1-3mm wide.
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Two to four glands are found below the center of the phyllode and near the mucro. Yellow to orange globular flower heads of 5-6mm diameter, singular or 2 to 5 in short axillary racemes, sit on sparsely pubescent peduncles 4-10mm long. Each flower head consists of about 20 minute flowers. The seed pods, legumes, are light brown and curved, 5–10 cm long and 5-10mm wide, constricted between the seeds and breaking easily into one-seeded segments.
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There may or may not be normal pinnate leaves at the tip of the phyllode. A stipule, present on the leaves of many dicotyledons, is an appendage on each side at the base of the petiole, resembling a small leaf. Stipules may be lasting and not be shed (a stipulate leaf, such as in roses and beans), or be shed as the leaf expands, leaving a stipule scar on the twig (an exstipulate leaf). The situation, arrangement, and structure of the stipules is called the "stipulation".
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It blooms between June and October in its native range producing simple inflorescences that occur singly or in pairs in the phyllode axils on stalks with a length of less than . The cylindrical flower-spikes have a length of packed with bright to pale yellow coloured flowers. Following flowering thinly leathery to firmly papery seed pods form that are straight to strongly twisted and raised over and constricted between each of the seeds. The pods are usually in length and and reasonably brittle when dry.
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The shrub typically grows to a height of and has many branches and heavy foliage and a bushy habit. It has ribbed hairy branchlets with the phyllodes emerging from the ribs. The flat, evergreen and linear shaped phyllodes have a length of and a width of and are generally straight or slightly sigmoid and have a single yellow translucent longitudinal nerve that is prominent on each side of the phyllode. It flowers between August and October producing simple inflorescences that have spherical flower-heads that contain 20 to 35 yellow flowers.
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Acacia denticulosa was first formally described in 1876 by Victorian Government Botanist Ferdinand von Mueller based on plant material collected from the vicinity of Mount Churchman by Jess Young. The population at this location is now extinct following extended drought. The species name is from the Latin dens "tooth", and refers to the small teeth along the phyllode margins. Queensland botanist Les Pedley reclassified the species as Racosperma denticulosum in 2003, in his proposal to reclassify almost all Australian members of the genus into the new genus Racosperma, however this name is treated as a synonym of its original name.
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Acacia heterophylla, the highland tamarind,Forestry Abstracts, University of Oxford Commonwealth Forestry Bureau, p.327, 1939 is a tree (or shrub in its higher places) endemic to Réunion island where it is commonly named tamarin des hauts The tree has a juvenile stage where its leaves have a pinnate arrangement, but in the adult stage the leaves diminish and the phyllode becomes the dominant photosynthetic structure. It has been introduced into Madagascar where it grows in a subhumid climate at an altitude of about 500–1000 m above sea level. Genetic sequence analysis has shown its closest relative is Acacia koa of Hawaii; the estimated time of divergence is about 1.4 million years ago.
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