441 Sentences With "caudex" | Random Sentence Generator

It's adapted the caudex to store water during winter droughts.

The cacti bloom, the caudiciforms grow back lush foliage while thickening their beautiful caudex and I'll cut down the leggy succulents so they can grow thicker and stronger stems.

Desert Rose (Adenium obesum): Native to East Africa and Arabia, the Desert rose has evolved to live through long periods of drought developing a swollen trunk called a caudex.

Fockea Crispa: A deciduous caudiciform native to South Africa, the Fockea will grow a thick caudex base over time and will very much appreciate an outdoor space for the summer.

Caudex first secured control of the city with ease. However, Syracuse and Carthage, at war for centuries, made an alliance to counter the invasion and blockaded Messena, but Caudex defeated Hiero and Carthage separately.Polybius, i. 11, 12.

The term is from the Latin caudex, a noun meaning "tree trunk".

The caudex of a tree fern resembles the trunk of a woody plant, but has a different structure. The caudex of Jatropha cathartica is pachycaul, with thickening that provides water storage. A caudex (plural: caudices) of a plant is a stem, but the term is also used to mean a rootstock and particularly a basal stem structure from which new growth arises.pages 456 and 695 In the strict sense of the term, meaning a stem, "caudex" is most often used with plants that have a different stem morphology from the typical angiosperm dicotyledon stem: examples of this include palms, ferns, and cycads.

Pyrenacantha malvifolia has an above ground swollen and thickened caudex with a diameter up to . On the top of the caudex emerge some vine-like stems with green round shaped leaves. These vines in native habitat can reach . Flower are green and quite inconspicuous.

Calibanus hookeri forms a large caudex which has been known to reach diameters and heights of up to 2.6 feet. Atop the caudex sprouts extremely narrow greyish-green leaves that look like grass. Each leaf rosette grown from the caudex is believed to be a vegetatively produced independent plant which dies after fruiting to be replaced by a new one. Flower stalks grow to 2-3.3 feet tall with many branchings and bear tiny, greenish white flowers.

Boechera brewer Foliage Flowers Boechera breweri is a perennial herb growing from a woody, branching caudex. It produces hairy, erect stems to up to about 20 centimeters tall. There is a basal clump of leaves around the caudex. They are oval-shaped and up to 3 centimeters long.

Pachypodium densiflorum grows from a sizeable, fleshy basal caudex. Shoots growing from the caudex are regularly branched and spiny at the youngest parts. Leaves appear at the top of these shoots during vegetation periods and are lanceolate and deep green. The flowers are yellow and appear on long peduncles.

This is a perennial herb growing from a thick, scaly caudex topped with a stem in length. The fleshy basal leaves form a dense rosette around the caudex. The leaves are red when young and turn green as they slowly produce chlorophyll. The inflorescence appears within the patch of leaves.

It is a squat perennial herb producing several erect stems from a leafy, woody caudex. It generally takes a clumpy form. The stems grow up to 10 or 15 centimeters tall and are hairy in texture, with glandular, sticky areas on the upper parts. The leaves occur in tufts around the caudex.

It produces a distinctively flattened caudex, often with lobes that spread out. The creeping shoots grow throughout most of the year, though each will periodically die back and be replaced from the central caudex root stock. In dryer conditions it can become deciduous. The green creeping foliage can reach 4 meters or more in height.

This is a perennial herb growing many small stems from a branching, hairy caudex. The slender stems rest against the ground or are somewhat upright, reaching up to 20 centimeters in length. The caudex is surrounded by a rosette of hairy leaves one or two centimeters long. There are a few smaller leaves along the stem as well.

This is a perennial herb producing one or more erect stems from a scaly, hairy caudex. The stems reach a maximum height between 50 and 70 centimeters and branch near the top. Leaves are densely clustered around the caudex in a basal rosette. They are lance-shaped, leathery with hairy undersides, and up to 10 centimeters long.

This plant is a perennial herb growing up to one meter tall with stems arising from an underground caudex. This caudex branches into stems underground and has been called a rhizome. The leaves are compound, each made up of up to 19 leaflets. The plant is mostly hairy, with silvery hairs giving it a grayish appearance.

These plants prefer sunny and stony areas. The succulent caudex and the underground tuberous enable the plant to tolerate long periods of drought.

This is a perennial herb growing from a tough caudex covered in large hairs and the bases of leaves shed in previous seasons. It produces one or more erect stems to heights between 20 and 35 centimeters. The stems are dark in color, often reddish or purplish, and are coated in stiff white hairs. The leaves form a basal rosette about the caudex.

Eriogonum flavum is a perennial herb from taproot and woody caudex that forms dense mats in small areas, with leafless stems approximately 5–20 cm high. The dark green, 2.5–7 cm long leaves are spatulate-oblanceolate with long petioles. The plant is greenish above, while heavily whitish-tomentose below. This perennial herb re- emerges from taproot and woody caudex, and is likely long lived.

However, many of them saw strategic and monetary advantages in gaining a foothold in Sicily. The deadlocked Roman Senate, possibly at the instigation of Appius Claudius Caudex, put the matter before the popular assembly in 264 BC. Caudex encouraged a vote for action and held out the prospect of plentiful booty; the popular assembly decided to accept the Mamertines' request. Caudex was appointed commander of a military expedition with orders to cross to Sicily and place a Roman garrison in Messana. The war began with the Romans landing on Sicily in 264 BC. Despite the Carthaginian naval advantage, the Roman crossing of the Strait of Messina was ineffectively opposed.

Dioscorea mexicana, Mexican yam or cabeza de negro is a species of yam in the genus Dioscorea. Dioscorea mexicana is a caudiciform dioscorea having either a partly to completely above-ground dome-shaped caudex with a thick, woody outer layer up to 3 feet (90 cm) in diameter and 8–10 inches (20 to 25 cm) in height. The caudex of D. mexicana is divided into regular polygonal plates that become protuberant with age, and separated by deep fissures. The vigorous annual vines which may reach 30 feet (9 m) long before dying back in winter, that grow up from the caudex, bear heart-shaped leaves.Dortort, Fred(2011).

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.2. Downloaded on 07 September 2015. This plant grows 15 to 60 centimeters tall from an underground caudex.

Tepals are generally yellow, but sometimes white or pink, about long. Eriogonum sphaerocephalum is a small shrub or subshrub up to tall and wide, growing from a caudex and producing erect flowering stems. The woolly leaves are widely lance-shaped to somewhat oval and long, and form basal rosettes around the caudex. The inflorescence arises on a stalk and bears many yellow flowers in a head-like cluster or umbel.

Silene occidentalis is a perennial herb growing from a woody, leafy caudex and taproot, sending up an erect, mostly unbranched stem which may be 60 centimeters tall. The lance-shaped leaves are up to 12 centimeters long around the caudex, and shorter farther up the stem. Flowers occur in a terminal cyme and sometimes in leaf axils. Each flower is encapsulated in a hairy, glandular calyx of fused sepals.

The swollen caudex, showy leaves, and colourful flowers make J. podagrica an attractive ornamental, and it is grown as an indoor plant in many parts of the world.

Smith, S. G. (2001). Taxonomic innovations in North American Eleocharis (Cyperaceae). Novon 11:2 241-57. This perennial spikerush grows from a tiny rhizome and a small, hard caudex.

The large caudex is globose, pastel- white, and up to wide and tall (or more). It is underground in the wild but becomes exposed if cultivated in a container.

This is a fleshy perennial plant growing from a branching caudex several centimeters long. The leaves appear in a basal rosette about the caudex, each oblong to lance-shaped and generally pointed. The leaves are waxy in texture, pale grayish or pinkish green in color, and up to 5 centimeters long. The erect inflorescence is composed of a bract-lined peduncle up to 15 centimeters tall which splits into terminal branches each bearing several flowers.

It is a perennial herb growing from a woody, branching caudex and taproot, sending up several decumbent or erect stems and shoots. It grows no more than about 20 centimeters tall, often taking a clumpy form. The fleshy leaves are widely lance-shaped and a few centimeters in length, most of them occurring around the caudex. Each flower is encapsulated in a hairy, glandular calyx of fused sepals which has stark purple veining.

Dicksonia sellowiana has an erect and cilindric caudex, reaching sometimes more than high, the fronds are bipinnate and long. Due to illegal extraction, the species is at risk of extinction.

Physaria bellii. The Nature Conservancy.Physaria bellii. Center for Plant Conservation. This perennial herb produces decumbent or prostrate stems from a caudex. The plant is covered in hairs, making it silvery.

Jatropha cathartica is a perennial herb that grows from an enlarged, tuberlike woody root (caudex). It is deciduous, losing both stems and leaves, and spends the winter in a dormant state.

Eastwood, A. (1901). An undescribed species of Paronychia from California. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 28(5) 288-89. This species is a mat-forming perennial herb growing from a woody caudex.

Ant plants provide habitats for ant colonies high up into the forest canopy, protecting them from the elements and also predators because of the spines. Hollow, smooth-walled tunnels form within the caudex with external entrance holes, providing an above-ground home for ant colonies. Ants likewise provide defense for the plant and prevent tissue damage, swarming to defend their home if disturbed. Ant colonies also provide nutrients to the plants by leaving wastes within the tunnels inside the caudex.

The Nature Conservancy. This plant was first described in 1987. It is a perennial herb which forms a mat of leafy herbage around its caudex. The leaves are each divided into three toothed leaflets.

Silene polypetala. The Nature Conservancy. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States. This plant is a rhizomatous perennial herb growing from a thick taproot topped with a woody, branching caudex.

These perennial herbs produce a basal rosette of leaves on a caudex and erect inflorescences of a few yellow or white buttercup flowers. The genus is named for the Swedish-American naturalist Thure Kumlien.

Anacampseros retusa in cultivation The dark, dense, compact leaves of Anacampseros retusa. An. retusa has a short, thick caudex. Branching stems are about 4 cm long. They are low or level with the ground.

Ladyman, J.A.R. (2006, February 24). Astragalus leptaleus Gray (park milkvetch): A technical conservation assessment. [Online. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region. This rhizomatous perennial herb grows from a taproot and underground branching caudex unit.

This plant was considered a variety of Draba maguirei until 2004, when it was elevated to species status.Draba burkei. Center for Plant Conservation. This perennial herb has a branching caudex and forms clumps or mats.

Eriogonum siskiyouense is perennial herb forms mats up to wide around a woody caudex. It bears clusters of small rounded to oval leaves each under a centimeter long and coated in gray woolly fibers at least on the undersides. The flowering stem arising from the caudex has a whorl of two to four leaflike bracts around the middle and is otherwise naked but for a coat of woolly hairs. Atop the scape are the bright yellow flowers, which are usually arranged in a spherical cluster.

Erigeron basalticus. Center for Plant Conservation.Erigeron basalticus. The Nature Conservancy. This perennial herb grows from a taproot and branching caudex, producing spreading or hanging stems up to 25 centimeters long. They are leafy, hairy, and glandular.

Potentilla hippiana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory. This perennial herb grows up to half a meter tall from a thick caudex and taproot.

Silene oregana is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae known by the common names Oregon silene, Oregon campion and Oregon catchfly. It is native to the western United States, including the Great Basin, where it grows in habitat such as sagebrush and forests. It is a perennial herb growing from a woody caudex and taproot, sending up an erect, mostly unbranched stem which may be 70 centimeters tall. The lance-shaped leaves are up to 8 centimeters long around the caudex, and shorter farther up the stem.

Manual of the Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada (ed. 2) i–910. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx. Paronychia argyrocoma is a perennial herb with a woody caudex, forming mats covering significant areas of ground.

Solidago verna. The Nature Conservancy.Solidago verna. Center for Plant Conservation. Solidago verna is a perennial herb growing up to about 1.2 meters (4 feet) in height. It produces a single hairy, erect stem from a woody, branching caudex.

Astragalus proximus (Rydberg) Wooton & Standley (Aztec milkvetch): A technical conservation assessment. [Online]. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region. This perennial herb produces a cluster of stems from an underground caudex. The stems are up to 50 centimeters long.

These plants are perennial herbs, often with thick, fleshy roots. The stem usually grows erect from a caudex. There are usually several basal leaves borne on long petioles. The leaves on the stem are alternately arranged in most species.

The sepals are brownish or purplish fading to thinned, papery, whitish or translucent edges. The fruit is a minute utricle measuring half a millimeter long. The two subspecies differ in size; ssp. minima has a smaller caudex and smaller inflorescences.

Retrieved 11-22-2011. Hedysarum alpinum flower This plant is a perennial herb producing several erect stems from its caudex. It grows to in height. The taproot is thick and woody, and it has rhizomes which can produce new stems.

The Nature Conservancy. It is threatened by habitat degradation and destruction. It is federally listed as an endangered species of the United States. This is a perennial herb with multiple erect stems growing 10 to 38 centimeters tall from a caudex.

New taxa, new combinations, and nomenclatural comments on the genus Acourtia (Asteraceae: Mutisieae). Phytologia 74: 385–412. Acourtia microcephala is a bushy perennial herb producing several erect stems from a woody caudex up to about 1.5 meters in maximum height.

This perennial herb grows from a taproot and branching caudex. The branching stems are up to 30 centimeters long. The thin leaves are mainly lance-shaped and measure up to 2 centimeters long. They are oppositely arranged on the stem.

The plant is native to western North America from British Columbia to California and to Wyoming. It grows in higher elevation mountainous habitat, such as summertime meadows. It produces one or more erect stems from a branching caudex and system of rhizomes.

It is federally listed as a threatened species in the United States and it is designated endangered by Canada's COSEWIC.Silene spaldingii. The Nature Conservancy. This is a perennial herb producing many stems and shoots from a thick taproot and woody, branching caudex.

Portulaca molokiniensis, known also as 'ihi, is a succulent plant endemic to Hawaii. This plant is federally listed as an endangered species. It has small yellow flowers and when grown from seed may produce a caudex. This plant is easy to propagate.

This is a perennial herb which grows up to a meter tall, or possibly more. The caudex has a ring of fleshy roots. The leaves have highly dissected blades borne on long, stout petioles. The inflorescence is an umbel of many tiny white flowers.

This plant was first described in 1985. It grows up to 21 centimeters tall, the stems arising from a woody caudex and fleshy root system. The lance-shaped leaves are up to 8 centimeters long and have wavy- toothed edges. The herbage is hairy.

It is threatened by the degradation and destruction of its habitat. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States. This plant is a perennial herb growing from a woody caudex. The stem grows up to a meter long and has no branches.

The Nature Conservancy. This perennial herb is just a few centimeters tall. It is stemless, with a caudex covered in the remains of previous seasons' leaves. The leaves are up to 8 centimeters long and are made up of several pairs of small leaflets.

Cusickiella is a small genus containing two species of plants in the family Brassicaceae which are native to the western United States.Cusickiella douglasii. The Jepson eFlora 2013. These are mat-forming perennials with a stumpy, branching caudex covered in rounded clusters of tiny, thick leaves.

The grasslike leaf blades are thick, rough, and serrated. There is no aboveground stem; the leaves grow from a woody underground caudex. When the plant flowers it produces a scape up to tall. The inflorescence is a panicle of flowers with tiny white tepals.

It may grow alongside oaks, pines, and manzanitas. The region experiences a bimodal pattern of precipitation, with rainy seasons occurring in November through April and again during the summer. Wildfire is not uncommon. The plant resprouts from its caudex after its aboveground parts burn.

This perennial herb grows a few centimeters tall from a taproot and caudex. The rough-haired leaves are linear or lance-shaped and 1 to 4 centimeters long. The flower head contains 20 to 23 white ray florets 5 to 8 millimeters long.Erigeron heliographis.

Ionactis stenomeres is a small perennial up to tall, with a woody underground caudex. The plant usually produces only one flower head, each with 7-21 blue or lavender ray flowers surrounding yellow disc flowers.Flora of North America, Ionactis stenomeres (A. Gray) Greene, 1897.

Schoenocrambe argillacea is a perennial herb with one or more erect stems growing 13 to 30 centimeters tall from a caudex. The leaves are linear in shape, long and narrow with smooth edges, and reach up to 4 centimeters in length.Hesperidanthus argillaceus. Flora of North America.

The leaves are mostly located about the caudex. They are linear to lance-shaped, coated in white hairs, and one or two centimeters long. The flowers have purple petals. The fruit is a long, narrow, hairless silique up to 7 centimeters long containing round, winged seeds.

The Nature Conservancy. This perennial herb produces several stems up to 20 to 30 centimeters tall from a caudex. The lower part of the stem and the basal leaves are hairy. The inflorescence is a raceme of 6 to 15 flowers with white or lavender petals.

Hazardia rosarica is a shrub up to 90 cm (3 feet) tall with lemon-scented foliage. It has several stems arising from a woody underground caudex. The plant produces numerous flower heads each head with 12-30 yellow disc flowers but no ray flowers.Moran, Reid Venable. 1969.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory. This perennial plant produces erect stems up to half a meter tall from a caudex. It grows from a long, deep rhizome. The leaves are linear, sometimes divided toward the base of the plant.

Solidago missouriensis is variable in appearance, and there are a number of varieties. In general, it is a perennial herb growing from an underground caudex or rhizome, or both. It reaches one meter (40 inches) in maximum height. The roots may reach deep in the soil.

It is common in cultivation and often called the "silver dollar" vine. Xerosicyos perrieri is also a liana with thinner stems and smaller, ovate green succulent leaves. Xerosicyos pubescens is entirely different from the previous species. It forms a large caudex from which deciduous vines emerge.

This plant is a perennial herb growing from a woody taproot and branching caudex and growing up to 40 centimeters tall. The leaves are lance-shaped to oblong and up to 10 centimeters long by 1.5 wide. The flower heads contain many disc florets. One variety, var.

Astragalus tyghensis. NatureServe. This species is a perennial herb growing from a stout taproot and a branching caudex. The plant forms mats or clumps, with stems growing prostrate or upright and up to 55 centimeters long. Most of the plant is covered in long, silky hairs.

Hartman, R. L and R. S. Kirkpatrick. (1986). A new species of cymopterus (Umbelliferae) from northwestern Wyoming. Brittonia 38(4) 420-26. It is a small perennial herb forming a low tuft of herbage from a branching caudex covered in the persistent bases of previous seasons' leaves.

Astragalus wetherillii is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name Wetherill's milkvetch. It is native to Colorado and Utah in the United States.Astragalus wetherillii. NatureServe. This perennial herb grows from a taproot and a caudex which yields several stems.

Phytologia Memoirs 16: 1–100 Tetraneuris turneri is a perennial herb up to tall. It forms a branching underground caudex sometimes producing as many as 20 unbranched, above-ground stems, sometimes some of them leaning against other vegetation. The plant generally produces one flower head per stem.

The inflorescence may contain many flower heads with white or blue-tinged ray florets that may dry pinkish. The California plant is not colonial and the caudex branches little or not at all. The inflorescence contains no more than 3 heads. The florets are white or pink-tinged.

Erigeron maguirei is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names Maguire daisy and Maguire's fleabane. It is endemic to Utah in the United States. It is a perennial herb growing up to tall. It grows from a taproot and a branching caudex.

This is a perennial herb with several decumbent or erect stems growing from a caudex. The stems are up to about 22 centimeters long, often with much of their length underground. The fleshy compound leaves have dissected leaflets of varying shape and size. Flowers arise from the leaf axils.

The Nature Conservancy. This long-lived perennial herb produces hairy stems up to 14 centimeters tall from a woody caudex. There are narrow, hairy leaves around the stem bases and a few higher on the stems. The inflorescence is a raceme of 6 to 15 flowers with purple petals.

This Dudleya grows from an unbranched caudex stem and is unusual among related plants in that it has stolons from which it sprouts vegetatively. Dudleya stolonifera produces a small rosette of pointed reddish-green leaves and erects a short stem topped with an inflorescence. The flowers are bright yellow.

It can sprout vegetatively from the caudex if its aboveground parts are destroyed. The fingerlike leaves are fleshy, gray-green, hairless, and up to 20 centimeters long. The inflorescence is a solitary, malodorous flower up to 8 centimeters wide. It has rings of up to 250 thin petals.

Bowenia serrulata, the Byfield fern, is a cycad in the family Stangeriaceae. Its bipinnate fronds, arising from a subterranean caudex, give it the appearance of a fern. However it is not a fern as its vernacular name and appearance suggest. It is endemic to the vicinity of Byfield, Australia.

Called the Baja elephant tree, torote blanco, or copalquín, plants are grown in containers by caudiciform succulent aficionados. There are 2 to 3 subspecies. Only seed grown specimens develop the caudex. Note: the common name "elephant tree" is also applied to Bursera microphylla as well as other species.

It is a small, erect shrub, with pink flowers. The erectly held branches are one feature that can distinguish this species from its relatives. Another key feature is its bulbous tuber. This basal caudex is mostly underground, but the top of it often rises out of the ground.

This petite perennial plant grows at ground level, sometimes forming a mat around its caudex. The basal leaves have blades up to 1.6 centimeters long which are variable in shape. They have tiny hairs along the edges. There are sometimes one or two leaves on the short flowering stem.

Livy, ix. 29. Caecus' brother, who shared the same praenomen, was distinguished by the cognomen Caudex, literally meaning a "treetrunk", although metaphorically it was an insult, meaning a "dolt." According to Seneca, he obtained the surname from his attention to naval affairs.Seneca the Younger, De Brevitate Vitae, 13.

Et dictus codex per translationem a codicibus arborum seu vitium, quasi caudex, quod ex se multitudinem librorum quasi ramorum contineat. :"A codex is composed of many books; a book is of one scroll. It is called codex by way of metaphor from the trunks of trees or vines, as if it were a wooden stock (caudex), because it contains in itself a multitude of books, as it were of branches." A tradition of biblical manuscripts in codex form goes back to the 2nd century (Codex Vaticanus), and from about the 5th century, two distinct styles of writing known as uncial and half-uncial (from the Latin "uncia," or "inch") developed from various Roman bookhands.

Increased pollution and dust may affect the plants. The Dudley Bluffs twinpod is a perennial herb with a branching caudex covered with the shredded remains of previous seasons' leaves. The erect stems grow 12 to 18 centimeters tall. The wide lance-shaped basal leaves are 4 to 8 centimeters long.

Anderson, L. C. and B. Hevron. (1993). New records and data for the rare Chrysothamnus molestus in Arizona. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 27(1) 1-4. This plant is a low shrub or subshrub up to about 20 centimeters high, growing from a woody, branching caudex.

The stems grow less than 20 centimeters tall. The leaves are linear in shape and one half centimeter to eight centimeters in length. Most are at the caudex and there are a few smaller ones higher on the stems. The inflorescence is a raceme of many white, cream, or yellowish flowers.

The bark is smooth and light gray. The tubular flowers are bright red and grow in long spikes, each flower being long; the tree blooms from April to July. They are followed by pods containing bright red seeds, from which the tree gets its name. The plant forms a woody caudex.

A supporter of the war, the consul Appius Claudius Caudex (Caecus' brother) turned to the Tribal Assembly to get a favourable vote, by notably promising booty to voters.Which assembly was consulted has led to many discussions in the academic literature. Goldsworthy favours the Centuriate Assembly, cf. The Punic Wars, p. 69.

The stem known as a caudex grows in branches vertically at the ground level or underground. They are short and grow from a slender rhizome. There is a small transition zone between the roots and the basal leaves. It also is composed of a scape with one to two bracts.

Ophioglossum pusillum is a small, inconspicuous, fleshy perennial plant growing from a caudex no more than 3 centimeters wide. It produces one leaf per year. The leaf is divided into a thin, pale green blade- shaped part, which is sterile, and a fertile stalk lined with two rows of sporangia.

Ophioglossum californicum is a small, fleshy perennial plant growing from a caudex no more than 1.5 centimeters wide. It produces one leaf per year. The leaf is divided into a thick, green blade-shaped part, which is sterile, and a fertile stalk lined with two rows of sporangia, the reproductive parts.

Arctanthemum integrifolium is a perennial herb, rarely more than tall, with a woody underground caudex and a basal rosette of leaves. Each plant usually produces only one flower head, blooming in the summer, containing 11–19 white ray flowers surrounding 60–80 yellow disc flowers.Flora of North America, Hulteniella Tzvelev 1987.

It is a small, compact, soft-wooded, dwarf shrub with Unisexual flowers(dioecious). Its blue-green leaves are semi- evergreen. Its tiny compact branches spread, and often droop, staying close to the ground. It also develops a thick caudex or root-stock, which has led to it being a popular bonsai specimen.

Cirsium ownbeyi is a perennial herb growing 30 to 70 centimeters (12-28 inches) tall from a taproot and branched caudex. There are one or more erect stems. The leaves are up to 30 centimeters (12 inches) long. The flower heads are oval and up to 2.5 centimeters (1 inch) long and wide.

The Nature Conservancy. This perennial herb grows 10 to 30 centimeters tall from a caudex covered in the withered remains of previous seasons' leaves. The leaves are divided into a few pairs of lance- shaped or oval leaflets up to 1.2 centimeters wide. The inflorescence is an umbel of many tiny yellow flowers.

The stems are just a few centimeters long. The leaves are located on the caudex and in rosettes at the ends of the branches. The inflorescence is a raceme of up to 10 flowers with yellow petals about half a centimeter long. This plant grows on outcroppings of quartzite, limestone, and calcareous shale.

It is a perennial herb growing up to about 28 centimeters in maximum height. The clusters of stems arise from a woody caudex and thick taproot. The leaves are lance-shaped and borne on winged petioles. They are up to 3.5 centimeters long including the petioles and are coated in short white hairs.

There are 28 occurrences growing in increasingly rare prairie habitat in the Willamette Valley.var. decumbens. Center for Plant Conservation. The plant is a perennial herb growing up to about half a meter long, and erect or decumbent in form. The Oregon plant is colonial with a branching caudex sending up several stems.

Streptanthus bernardinus is a perennial herb growing from a woody caudex and producing an erect stem up to 60 to 80 centimeters tall. It is hairless and sometimes waxy in texture. The basal leaves are widely lance- shaped and up to 8 centimeters long by 2.5 wide. They are borne on petioles.

Eriogonum latens is a perennial herb growing from a woody caudex in a basal patch of rounded to oval green leaves up to about 3 centimeters long on short petioles. The inflorescence arises on an erect, naked scape, or flowering stem, and bears many whitish or yellowish flowers in a spherical cluster.

It is likely that these characteristics provide for regeneration following fire. Depending on the severity of top-kill by fire, sprouting from the caudex would also be a possibility. Information is lacking on the regeneration of broadleaf lupine seed after fire. Research to date (2006) suggests that broadleaf lupine responds favorably to fire.

The garden has the largest collection of living stones in America, small southern African plants of the genus Lithops. The collection of caudiciform plants is equally significant. These plants produce very thick stems that can look like twisted sweet potatoes. The stem serves as a water storage structure known as a caudex.

The largest leaves are located in tufts around the caudex, each measuring up to 15 centimeters long by 3 wide. Smaller leaves occur farther up the stem. Each flower is encapsulated in a hairy, veined calyx of fused sepals. The five long petals are pink and each has two lobes at the tip.

Each flower has five calyx lobes, five broad, shallowly-notched petals, thirty stamens, many pistils and a separate gynoecium. The fruit is a receptacle containing several glossy, pale brown achenes. The plant may reproduce by seed or vegetatively by sprouting new shoots from its caudex. Sulphur cinquefoil flowers from June to August.

Solidago faucibus is a perennial herb up to 150 cm (5 feet) tall, with a branching underground caudex. Leaves very broad, almost round, up to 20 cm (8 inches) long, with large teeth along the edges. One plant can produce as many as 70 small yellow flower heads in a branching array.

This is a perennial herb with a densely hairy stem growing from a woody caudex to heights between . It produces rough-haired, three-pointed leaves on thick petioles, each centimeters long. It blooms in abundant cup-shaped pink-lavender flowers with five petals each long. The fruit is a small, bristly capsule.

The fruits are ovate. The lower leaves are glabrous, bi- to tripinnate, and borne on petioles, while the upper leaves are nearly sessile to sessile. The stems are split at the caudex and are up to 60 centimeters tall. This species grows in wet areas such as meadows and riverbanks, and on gravelly slopes.

33: 156. 1906. SEINet Southwest Biodiversity photos, description, distribution map It is a perennial up to 10 cm (4 inches) tall with a thick underground caudex. Most of the leaves are in a basal rosette. Flower heads are usually produced one at a time, with white to pink disc florets but no ray florets.

This plant is a small perennial herb forming a dense rosette of thick leaves up to 3.5 centimeters long. It grows from a taproot and caudex. The flower heads are cup-shaped and up to 2.8 centimeters wide. The ray florets are blue to lilac in color and measure up to 1.6 centimeters in length.

The flowers are usually yellow, with bearded stamens; some species have white, orange, or pink flowers. Several species are grown in gardens, especially B. frutescens. Species of Bulbine resemble Haworthia and Aloe in appearance, but with soft, fleshy leaves and tuberous roots or a caudex. They are shrubs, weedy perennials, dwarf geophytes, and soft annuals.

Erigeron tianschanicus is an Asian species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It grows on open slopes in Xinjiang and Kazakhstan. Erigeron tianschanicus is a perennial, clumping-forming herb up to 60 cm (2 feet) tall, producing woody rhizomes and a branching caudex. Its flower heads have blue ray florets surrounding yellow disc florets.

Silene verecunda is an extremely variable plant. In general, it is a perennial herb growing 10 centimeters to over half a meter tall, usually with several erect stems. It is hairy, and usually glandular and sticky in texture. The lance-shaped leaves are variable in size, the largest ones usually growing at the caudex.

Great Basin Naturalist 43(4) 749-50. This species is a perennial herb growing from a woody taproot and branching caudex unit covered in the dried remnants of previous seasons' leaves. The stems grow up to about 12 centimeters tall. They are mostly leafless, the leaves located mainly around the base of the plant.

Stephania tetrandra is a herbaceous perennial vine of the family Menispermaceae native to China and Taiwan. It grows from a short, woody caudex, climbing to a height of around three meters. The leaves are arranged spirally on the stem, and are peltate, i.e. with the leaf petiole attached near the centre of the leaf.

Iliamna rivularis, known by the common name streambank wild hollyhock, is a perennial plant species in the family Malvaceae. The plant grows 3 to 6 feet tall from a woody caudex and produces dense racemes of soft lavender-pink flowers. Plants blooms from June through August. They have five to seven lobed, cordate leaves.

They are generally not hairy. There is a basal clump of widely lance-shaped leaves about the caudex, each up to 8 centimeters long. There are also widely spaced leaves along the stem. The top of the stem is occupied by a narrow inflorescence of flowers which are usually white, but sometimes light pink.

American Journal of Botany 86 344-53. It grows in chaparral and grassland habitat, usually on serpentine soils.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapCalflora taxon report, Wyethia bolanderi (A. Gray) W.A. Weber Bolander wyethia, Bolander's mule ears, Bolander's wyethia Agnorhiza bolanderi is a perennial herb growing from a thick taproot and caudex unit.

Antirrhinum virga (syn. Sairocarpus virga) is a species of New World snapdragon known by the common name tall snapdragon. It is endemic to the North Coast Ranges of northern California, where it grows in rocky chaparral, sometimes on serpentine soils. This is a hairless perennial herb producing erect, non-climbing stems from a woody caudex.

The pods are also smaller. The plant reproduces sexually by seed, though sometimes a new stem will come up from the subterranean caudex, appearing like a new individual. This species occurs in the San Juan Basin straddling the Colorado-New Mexico border. It is a spot where the Rocky Mountains meet the Colorado Plateau.

It has a branching caudex and stems just a few centimeters long. It has linear or lance-shaped leaves up to 2.5 centimeters long. The undersides and sometimes the top sides of the leaf blades have tiny hairs. The inflorescence is a raceme of several flowers with yellow petals each up to 3 millimeters long.

This is a fleshy, leathery plant growing from a small caudex with thin, corky roots. Unlike most ferns, S. multifidum has contractile roots, which are thought to help anchor the plant in the soil. It produces a single leaf which emerges directly from the ground. It is divided into a sterile and a fertile part.

This orchid grows erect to about 55 centimeters in maximum height from a bulbous caudex. The basal leaves are up to 19 centimeters long by 4 wide. Leaves higher on the stem are much reduced. The upper part of the stem is a spikelike inflorescence of many flowers which are white or yellowish with green veining.

Brittonia 18:80-95. Nothochelone is native to western North America from British Columbia to northern California, where it grows in mountain forests. It is a perennial herb producing an erect, hairy stem up to a meter tall from a caudex. The oppositely arranged leaves are lance-shaped to oval, pointed, toothed, and up to 14 centimeters long.

Piperia cooperi grows erect to about in maximum height from a bulbous caudex. The basal leaves are up to 20 centimeters long by 3 cm wide. Leaves higher on the stem are much reduced. The upper part of the stem is a spikelike inflorescence of many small green flowers, which are honey-scented in the evenings.

Mertensia ciliata is a perennial herb producing a cluster of erect stems from a thick, branching caudex. The leafy stems reach well over a meter in maximum height. The veiny leaves are oval to lance-shaped and pointed. The inflorescence is an open array of many clustered blue bell-shaped flowers each between 1 and 2 centimeters long.

Castilleja kerryana is a perennial herb growing from a woody caudex and yellowish root system. It may have several flowering stems as well as several shorter vegetative stems. They may be decumbent at the bases and grow upright toward the tips. They are greenish, reddish, or purplish, hairy in texture, and up to 18 centimeters long.

Boechera constancei is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common name Constance's rockcress. It is endemic to California, where it is known only from the northern Sierra Nevada of Plumas and Sierra Counties. It is a member of the serpentine soils flora. This is a perennial herb growing from a branching, woody caudex.

It produces one or more erect, hairless stems to maximum heights between 15 and 30 centimeters. The caudex is surrounded by a dense basal rosette of stiff, blue-green, lance-shaped leaves up to 3 centimeters long. There may be a few smaller leaves along the stem. The inflorescence produces 5 to 10 white mustardlike flowers with protruding stamens.

This is a perennial herb producing one or more stems up to 25 to 30 centimeters tall from a caudex. The basal leaves are narrowly lance-shaped to teardrop-shaped, up to 10 centimeters long, and woolly in texture. Leaves higher on the stem are shorter and usually less hairy. The inflorescence is a raceme of flowersPhoenicaulis cheiranthoides.

The Comps of Mexico: A systematic account of the family Asteraceae, vol. 1 – Eupatorieae. Phytologia Memoirs 11: i–iv, 1–272 Ageratina herbacea is a perennial herb growing a green, fuzzy stem from a woody caudex to heights between about 50 and 70 centimeters. The leaves are yellow to green or grayish and are triangular to heart-shaped.

Micranthes oregana is a species of flowering plant known by the common name Oregon saxifrage. It is native to western North America, including the mountainous regions of the western United States. It can be found in moist habitat, such as marshes and other wetlands. It is a perennial herb growing from a thick, fleshy or woody caudex.

Micranthes rufidula is a species of flowering plant known by the common name rustyhair saxifrage. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to Oregon, and one location in northern California. It grows in moist, open and rocky habitat in mountainous areas. It is a perennial herb growing from a small caudex and system of rhizomes.

This is a perennial herb forming a low, spreading mat with a woody caudex at the base. The oblong leaves are no more than a centimeter long and are coated with silvery, soft hairs, especially on the undersides. The inflorescence arises on an erect peduncle, bearing many tiny white to pink flowers in a headlike cluster.Gray, Asa. 1870.

1 – Eupatorieae. Phytologia Memoirs 11: i–iv, 1–272Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Brickellia venosa is a branching shrub up to 80 cm (32 inches) tall, growing from a woody caudex. It produces many small flower heads with yellow disc florets but no ray florets.Flora of North America, Brickellia venosa (Wooton & Standl.) B.L.Rob.

Dudleya nesiotica bears a few pointed or rounded leaves during the winter months when moisture is available, and it goes dormant during the summer, leaving behind only its tough caudex. It blooms in short inflorescences of small white star-shaped flowers. It is self-compatible, so it can reproduce without receiving the pollen of another plant.

This Dudleya is variable in appearance from drab to spectacular. It grows from a branching caudex and forms a basal rosette of wide, pointed, spade-shaped leaves, each up to about six centimeters across.Jepson Manual. 1993 The leaves are generally very pale green but they often have edges or tips of bright colors, particularly bright reds.

Dudleya greenei grows from a small, thick caudex a few centimeters wide and produces rosettes of fleshy, pointed leaves up to 11 centimeters long. The inflorescence is borne on an erect peduncle up to 40 centimeters tall. The peduncle and foliage are variably green and pink. The inflorescence branches at the top and holds many fleshy yellowish flowers.

Hackelia cronquistii is a perennial herb growing up to 65 centimeters tall, growing from a taproot and branching caudex. The erect stems are lightly hairy toward the top and hairless near the bases. The leaves near the base of the plant are up to 21 centimeters long and 3.5 wide. They become smaller farther up the stem.

It is a perennial herb producing a decumbent or erect stem up to 20 or 30 centimeters long from a woody, branching caudex. The base of the plant is covered in tufts of leaves. These basal leaves are lance-shaped to nearly spoon-shaped, fleshy, and up to 4 centimeters long. Smaller, narrower leaves occur farther up the stems.

Braunton's milkvetch is a large perennial herb which grows from a woody caudex and reaches up to tall. The thick hollow stems are coated in coarse white hairs. Leaves are up to long and are made up of many pairs of oval-shaped leaflike leaflets. The inflorescence is a dense spike of up to 60 bright lilac flowers.

Mertensia oblongifolia is a perennial herb producing many erect stems from a thick, branching caudex, approaching 40 centimeters in maximum height. The leaves are oval to lance-shaped, located all along the stem. The inflorescence is a dense, sometimes crowded cluster of hanging blue tubular flowers with expanded, bell-like mouths. The flower measures 1 to 2 centimeters long.

Adenium arabicum is a species of plant commonly used for bonsai and cultivated for its leaves, growth form and flowering characteristics. The leaves of this species have a broad surface. Leaves also tend to be large and somewhat leathery in appearance. Growth form is squat and fat, with a definite caudex and without much differentiation between trunk and branches.

Claytonia saxosa is a small, compact annual herb forming clumps a few centimeters wide in rock crevices. Serpentinite is the favored geologic substrate of this species. The leaves are small, with fleshy spatulate blades. The basal leaves and flowering stems are pink or red in color, packed densely together about the short stem that surmounts a minute, tuberous caudex.

This perennial herb produces a rough-haired stem up to a meter tall with a woody caudex at the base. The leaves have wide, fan-shaped blades which have rippled edges or divisions into narrow lobes. The inflorescence is an array of several racemes of flowers. Each has pinkish to purplish petals up to 2.5 centimeters long.

Sidalcea malviflora is somewhat variable in appearance and there are many subspecies. In general it is a perennial herb growing from a woody caudex and rhizome, its stem reaching about 60 centimeters in maximum height. It is sparsely to densely hairy in texture. The leaf blades are variable in shape, but are often divided deeply into several lobes.

This species indicates when it is requiring water, by the presence of green growth. From when a new growth appears from the caudex, it can receive regular watering, up until the growth withers and dies back. This is when the plant goes into its summer dormancy. Then watering should become more rare - until the next new growth appears.

This species is a perennial herb producing several stems up to 40 centimeters tall from a caudex. The lance-shaped basal leaves are up to 6 centimeters long. Leaves higher on the stem are narrower and have a fine coat of hairs. The inflorescence bears up to 10 tubular flowers in shades of blue and purple.

Its habitat includes tundra and mountain meadows. This is a perennial herb producing one or more decumbent or erect stems from a branching caudex. The stems vary in maximum length or erect height from 3 to 80 centimeters. The leaves are linear or lance-shaped, sometimes narrowing quite a bit at the bases to become spoon- or spatula-shaped.

A systematic account of the family Asteraceae (chapter 11: tribe Helenieae). Phytologia Memoirs 16: 1–100SEINet Southwestern Biodiversity, Arizona chapter description, photos, distribution map Tetraneuris linearifolia is an annual herb up to tall. It forms a branching underground caudex sometimes producing as many as 10 above-ground stems. One plant can produce as many as 80 flower heads.

Hairless, green, purple-dotted phyllaries are nearly equal in length, the outer wider than the inner. Nothocalais alpestris is a nearly hairless perennial herb growing from a thick caudex and reaching about tall. The leaves are located around the base of the stem and have toothed, wavy, or smooth edges, and sometimes a thin coat of small hairs. They measure up to long.

Erigeron kachinensis grows from a taproot and branching caudex and has stems up to 18 centimeters (7.2 inches) in length. The leaves at the base of the plant are up to 5 centimeters (2 iniches) long, with smaller ones along the stem. They are hairless and non-glandular. The flower heads have phyllaries which are often purplish and are hairless.

These are perennial plants that grow from a caudex and fibrous root system. The stems are erect and unbranched, usually reaching 20 to 60 centimeters (8-24 inches) in height, and taller at times. The leaves are alternately arranged and point upward, sometimes pressed against the stem. The blades vary in shape and are hairy to hairless and generally glandular.

This cushion plant is a perennial herb growing from a taproot and branching caudex. It grows up to 14 centimeters tall, with several to many thick, hairy stems. The hairy leaves are lance-shaped to spatula-shaped and the edges are lined with large, sharp teeth tipped with bristles. The inflorescence is a solitary flower head with narrow, white-tipped phyllaries.

Boechera dispar is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae known by the common name pinyon rockcress. It is native to eastern California and western Nevada, where it grows in rocky areas in desert and mountain habitat. This is a perennial herb growing from a branching caudex. It produces several erect stems reaching 10 to 25 centimeters tall.

This is a perennial herb producing a number of decumbent to erect stems which approach a meter in maximum height when growing upright. It grows from a thick, fleshy caudex. When there are many stems the plant may form a clump or mat. The leaves grow on long petioles and are triangular or arrowhead-shaped and up to about 10 centimeters long.

A semi-deciduous perennial caudiciform with fat, twisted grey roots. In the wild, the caudex is partially or totally buried and tends to grow faster this way, reaching up to 60 cm in diameter. The thin vine branches may reach a length of up to 4 meters, and climb on any type of available support. The leaves are green, entire and oblong.

Eriogonum douglasii is a species of wild buckwheat known by the common name Douglas' buckwheat. It is native to the western United States, including the Pacific Northwest and part of the Great Basin. This plant forms a mat of hairy herbage around a caudex. There are rosettes of lance-shaped to oval leaves with blades 0.4 to nearly 2 centimeters long.

The hairy, glandular stem grows from a woody caudex and branches several times. The green leaves are up to about a centimeter long and are glandular and bristly. The tiny flower head is 1 or 2 centimeters wide with white or pinkish ray florets around a center of yellow disc florets. Each head has a base of pointed purple-tipped greenish phyllaries.

It is an evergreen succulent trailing vine that grows to in height and spreads to reach up to in length. Its leaves are shaped like hearts, about 1–2 cm wide and long. When exposed to sufficient light they have a deep green colour; under insufficient lighting the leaves are pale green. With age it develops a woody caudex at its base.

The Comps of Mexico: A systematic account of the family Asteraceae, vol. 1 – Eupatorieae. Phytologia Memoirs 11: i–iv, 1–272Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Brickellia parvula is a shrub up to 30 cm (12 inches) tall, growing from a woody caudex. It produces many small flower heads with yellow or green disc florets but no ray florets.

Phalacroseris is a perennial herb with fleshy herbage growing from a woody caudex. The leaves are located around the base of the plant, growing up to 20 centimeters long and linear to somewhat lance-shaped. The inflorescence reaches up to 35 centimeters tall and is topped with a head filled with many golden ray florets. There are no disc florets.

Dudleya traskiae is a perennial succulent herb with foliage leaves in a basal rosette. The plants are evergreen, with a branched primary stem (caudex) and are composed of one to several hundred rosettes. The branching of the stem is dichotomous. The rosette leaves number 25–35, are strap-shaped - oblanceolate to subacuminate and are 4–15 cm long and 1–4 cm wide.

It produces one or more erect stems from a woody caudex. The serrated (toothed) leaves are 10 to 13 centimeters (4.0-5.2 inches) long around the middle of the plant and smaller higher on the stem. One plant will produce 25-50 bell-shaped flower heads. Each flower head usually contains one yellow ray floret and 4-5 disc florets.

Jepsonia parryi is a small perennial herb producing usually only a single leaf from an unbranched caudex. The leaf is round or kidney-shaped and has a ruffled, lobed edge. The plant flowers in fall, producing a naked brown peduncle holding a small inflorescence of fewer than four flowers. The tiny flower has purplish-veined petals each about half a centimeter long.

Kumlienia hystricula is a small perennial herb growing from fleshy roots and a thick caudex. It produces a basal rosette of hairless green leaves which are rounded with several round lobes. Each leaf is one to three centimeters wide and is borne on a long petiole. From the patch emerge several inflorescences on erect to drooping peduncles up to about 20 centimeters tall.

Many of the dwarf species have small, dome-shaped tubers. Dormancy usually extends from late spring to autumn, but it varies among species and in different conditions. The leaves die and drop, the roots contract into the caudex, and the aboveground parts wither. Propagation is mostly by seed, but some species form multiple heads or offsets and can be propagated with cuttings.

US Forest Service Fire Ecology There are many subspecies. This perennial herb is variable in morphology, but usually forms a tight mat or loose clump on the ground. The short stems emerge from a woody taproot and caudex unit and the plant form is no more than tall. The abundant tiny, sharp-pointed leaves are oppositely arranged and barely exceed long.

The fruit is a slender silique up to 6 centimeters long. It reproduces by seed and by resprouting from the rhizome and caudex. The latter process helps it recover quickly from wildfire. This plant occurs in many types of habitat, including salt-desert shrub, sagebrush, pinyon-juniper woodland, mountain shrub, and habitat dominated by Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides).

Oreostemma peirsonii is a small perennial herb growing from a caudex and taproot. It lies flat on the ground, growing no taller than about 8 centimeters. The leaves are located at the base of the plant and are linear in shape and narrow, growing a few centimeters long. The stem and leaves are mostly hairless and have scattered resin glands.

Erigeron eriocalyx is a Eurasian species of flowering plants in the daisy family. The species is a widespread flower species in the arctic, subarctic, alpine and subalpine meadows in Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, and Xinjiang.Panarctic Flora, 860713 Erigeron eriocalyx (Ledeb.) Vierh. Erigeron eriocalyx is a perennial, clump-forming herb up to 25 cm (10 inches) tall, forming a branching underground caudex.

Erigeron irazuensis is a Central American species of flowering plant in the daisy family. It has been found only in Costa Rica. Erigeron irazuensis is a perennial herb up to 25 cm (10 inches) tall, producing a branching underground caudex. Stems are sometimes erect (standing straight up) but other times recumbent (reclining on the ground or leaning on other vegetation).

Erigeron fukuyamae is an Asian species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It has been found only in alpine meadows at high elevations in Taiwan in East Asia. Erigeron fukuyamae is a perennial, clump-forming herb up to 30 cm (12 inches) tall, forming short rhizomes and a branching underground caudex. Its flower heads have red ray florets surrounding yellow disc florets.

Erigeron krylovii is an Asian species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It grows in grasslands and in alpine meadows in Siberia, Xinjiang, and Kazakhstan. Erigeron krylovii is a perennial, clump-forming herb up to 60 cm (5 feet) tall, forming woody rhizomes and a branching underground caudex. Its flower heads have pink, thread-like ray florets surrounding yellow disc florets.

Erigeron lachnocephalus is an Asian species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It grows on rocky slopes and in alpine meadows at high elevations in Xinjiang, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan. Erigeron lachnocephalus is a perennial, clump-forming herb up to 15 cm (6 inches) tall, forming a branching, woody caudex. Its flower heads have pink or lilac ray florets surrounding yellow disc florets.

'Silene scouleri is a perennial herb producing one or more erect stems from a woody, branching caudex. The stem is usually unbranched, or simple, giving the plant its common name. The inflorescence may have few or many flowers in a dense or open cluster. Each flower has a tubular or bell-shaped calyx of fused sepals which has stark purple or green veins.

Solidago ulmifolia is a perennial herb up to 120 cm (4 feet) tall, with a woody underground caudex. One plant can produce as many as 150 small yellow flower heads in a large, open, branching array at the top of the plant.Flora of North America, Solidago ulmifolia Muhlenberg ex Willdenow, 1803. Elm-leaf goldenrod Flowering occurs in late summer and fall.

This is a perennial herb growing one or more slender stems from a small, branching caudex, reaching 10 to 30 centimeters tall. There is a basal patch of leaves with edges lined in small, widely spaced teeth which are sometimes tipped with spines. The leaves may lack teeth and have wavy margins. There may also be a few smaller leaves along the stem.

A systematic account of the family Asteraceae (chapter 11: tribe Helenieae). Phytologia Memoirs 16: 1–100SEINet Southwestern Biodiversity, Arizona chapter description, photos, distribution map Tetraneuris scaposa is a perennial herb up to 40 cm (16 inches) tall. It forms a branching underground caudex sometimes producing as many as 100 above-ground stems. Leaves are concentrated low on the stem, close to the ground.

Pachypodium rosulatum is a shrubby perennial caudiciform plant with a bottle-shaped trunk, brownish silver and almost spineless, about wide and about tall. From the caudex depart many thorny cylindrical arms, forming a shrub about tall. The leaves, which fall in the dry season, form a rosette on the top of branches. They are deciduous, dark green, oblanceolate, ovate or elliptical and petiolated.

Sulphur cinquefoil is a perennial herb and is a tufted plant growing from a woody taproot or caudex. It produces upright to erect leafy stems up to tall. The upper part of the stem is branched and densely hairy, and it also bears some glandular hairs. The lower leaves have long stalks and the stem leaves are arranged alternately and have short stalks.

Plants in the genus Anacampseros are perennial. In habit they are small undershrubs or sprawling herbs that may form dense mats. Mature plants of many of the species form a small caudex or a tuberous root-stock. The leaves of most species are succulent and may be either lanceolate in shape or rounded.Dyer, R. Allen, The Genera of Southern African Flowering Plants”.

It is native to much of North America, including most of Canada, and the western and northeastern United States. It can be found in many habitat types, including disturbed areas. It is a biennial or perennial herb growing one or more erect stems from a small caudex. The stems may branch near the top and reach heights anywhere between 30 and 90 centimeters.

This is a perennial herb growing from a tough, woody caudex with a basal rosette of narrow linear or lance-shaped leaves coated in branching hairs. The erect stem grows 10 to 30 centimeters tall. It is covered in a feltlike coat of hairs. The inflorescence atop the stem produces 8 to 35 flowers which grow outward and then droop.

Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapCalflora taxon report, Wyethia elata H.M. Hall Hall's mule ears, Hall's wyethia Agnorhiza elata occurs in woodlands and pine forests. It is a perennial herb growing from a thick taproot and caudex unit. The hairy stem grows erect to a maximum height around one meter. The leaves have triangular blades up to 20 centimeters long.

Crepis barbigera is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family. It is native to the northwestern United States. It has been found in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Crepis barbigera is a perennial herb up to 80 cm (32 inches) tall, with a slender taproot and expanded woody caudex.

The patrician Claudii bore various surnames, including Caecus, Caudex, Centho, Crassus, Nero, Pulcher, Regillensis, and Sabinus. The latter two, though applicable to all of the gens, were seldom used when there was a more definite cognomen. A few of the patrician Claudii are mentioned without any surname. The surnames of the plebeian Claudii were Asellus, Canina, Centumalus, Cicero, Flamen, Glaber, and Marcellus.

It is vulnerable to damage from grazing cattle, which eat the plant and trample the soil, and from development and erosion. This is a federally listed threatened species. This is a perennial herb with a short stem growing from a woody taproot and caudex unit. The leaves are up to 12 centimeters long and are made up of several leaflets up to 1.4 centimeters long.

The stem is hollow, waxy in texture, and often pale green in color, and it emerges from a small caudex. The thick leaves are lance-shaped to oval with smooth or toothed edges, the blades up to 20 centimeters long and borne on petioles. Smaller leaves occur farther up the stem. The inflorescence is one or more large, spreading clusters of many flower heads.

Potentilla pseudosericea is a species of cinquefoil known by the common names silky cinquefoil and Mono cinquefoil. It is native to the Sierra Nevada of California and mountain ranges just to the east, where its distribution extends into Nevada. It grows in rocky mountainous habitat. It is a small plant forming mats or tufts in rock cracks and talus, its short stem growing from a caudex.

Lupinus sericeus is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name silky lupine or Pursh's silky lupine. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to Arizona and east to Alberta and Colorado. This perennial herb produces erect stems from a woody caudex and deep root system. The stems reach up to tall and may branch or not.

Piperia michaelii is an uncommon species of orchid known by the common names Michael's rein orchid and Michael's piperia. It is endemic to California, where it is known from the coastal plains, hills, and mountains, and the Sierra Nevada foothills. It can be found in varied habitat, including scrub, woodland, and forest. This orchid grows erect to about 70 centimeters in maximum height from a bulbous caudex.

This plant is a perennial herb with branching stems reaching a maximum height around two meters. It grows from a woody taproot which may exceed one meter in length and which is topped with a woody caudex. The stems are covered densely in leaves, which are each divided into leaflets up to long. Flowers occur singly or in clusters of up to three in the leaf axils.

Physaria didymocarpa is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common name common twinpod. It is native to western North America, including British Columbia and Alberta in Canada and the northwestern United States. This perennial herb produces several decumbent stems from a hairy caudex. The stems are around in length and have lance-shaped leaves measuring one or two centimeters long.

The leaves are cylindrical and sometimes taper to a point, growing erect in a patch around the caudex. Each leaf is up to 10 centimeters long and is made up of crowded pairs of hairy leaflets. The inflorescence is an array of up to 15 flowers atop an erect stalk, each flower made up of five hairy, pointed, reflexed sepals and five white petals.

Caulanthus glaucus is a perennial herb producing a slender, branching stem from a woody caudex. The largest of the leaves appear in a cluster at the base of the plant, and are oblong or oval and up to 10 centimeters long. Smaller, lance-shaped leaves appear higher up on the stem. The flower has a coat of thick green sepals over narrow yellowish or purplish petals.

The species is a hairy perennial herb and produces one or more stems tall from a caudex. The leaves are up to long and divided into many toothed lobes or lobed leaflets. The inflorescence is a raceme of flowers occupying the top of the stem. Each flower is up to long and club-shaped, with a hood-like upper lip and a three-lobed lower lip.

Cryptantha flavoculata is a species of flowering plant in the borage family known by the common name roughseed cryptantha. It is native to the western United States from California to Montana, where it is common in many types of habitat. It is a perennial herb growing an unbranching stem up to about 35 centimeters tall from a woody caudex. It is coated in soft bristly hairs.

Eriogonum callistum is a perennial herb forming a mat of woolly whitish green herbage on a woody base measuring up to 35 centimeters tall and up to 1 m (3 ft.) wide. It grows from a woody taproot and branching caudex. It is covered in rosettes of leaves each up to 5 centimeters long by 2 wide. The blades are coated densely in grayish white silky hairs.

Eriogonum cedrorum is a mat-forming perennial herb growing up to half a meter wide with hairy or woolly herbage. It has a woody taproot and caudex unit covered in rosettes of leaves each up to 1.5 centimeters long by 1 wide. The inflorescence arises on an erect stem up to 8 centimeters. The inflorescence itself is a cluster of yellow flowers that quickly turn dark red.

Micranthes odontoloma is a species of flowering plant known by the common name brook saxifrage. It is native to much of western North America, where it can be found in many types of moist and rocky habitat types. It is a perennial herb growing from a caudex and rhizome system. It produces a clump of leaves with rounded, toothed, or scalloped blades on long, thin petioles.

Brickellia cylindracea (gravelbar brickellbush) is a North American species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It is found only in central Texas.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Brickellia cylindracea is a perennial up to 120 cm (4 feet) tall, growing from a woody caudex. It produces many small flower heads with greenish, yellow, or yellow-orange disc florets but no ray florets.

Stephania is a genus of flowering plants in the family Menispermaceae, native to eastern and southern Asia and Australia. They are herbaceous perennial vines growing to around four metres tall, with a large, woody caudex. The leaves are arranged spirally on the stem, and are peltate, with the leaf petiole attached near the centre of the leaf. The name Stephania comes from the Greek, "a crown".

1 – Eupatorieae. Phytologia Memoirs 11: i–iv, 1–272Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Brickellia pringlei is abranching shrub up to 80 cm (24 inches) tall, growing from a woody caudex. It produces many small flower heads with pale yellow disc florets but no ray florets.Flora of North America, Brickellia pringlei A.Gray The species is named for American botanist Cyrus Guernsey Pringle (1838–1911).

Dudleya edulis is made up of an array of fleshy, finger-like leaves growing vertically from a caudex at or just below ground level. The fingerlike leaves are pale green, cylindrical and pointed, growing up to tall. It bears a branching inflorescence tall, with several terminal branches each bearing up to 10 or 11 flowers. The flowers have pointed white to cream petals about a centimeter long.

Montia parvifolia is a perennial herb growing erect to about 40 centimeters tall from a matted, branching caudex base. It spreads via leafy stolons with sprouting bulblets. The fleshy oval leaves are alternately arranged and measure up to 6 centimeters in length. The inflorescence at the tip of the stem bears 1 to 12 flowers each with five pink or white petals up to 1.5 centimeters long.

Herrickia (Asteraceae: Astereae). Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 3(1): 161–167. includes distribution map on page 163, as Eurybia kingiiBiota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map, Herrickia kingii Herrickia kingii is a small perennial herb rarely more than 12 centimeters (2.8 inches) tall from a woody underground caudex. The plant produces flower heads in groups of 1-5 heads.

Herrickia (Asteraceae: Astereae). Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 3(1): 161–167. includes distribution map on page 163, as Eurybia wasatchensisBiota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map, Herrickia wasatchensis Herrickia wasatchensis is a perennial herb up to 60 centimeters (2 feet) tall from a woody underground caudex. The plant produces flower heads in groups of 2-20 or more heads.

Notes on Erigeron vicinus (Asteraceae:Astereae), a rare species in Texas. Phytoneuron 210-36:1-6 includes description, distribution map, and color photos of several herbarium specimens Erigeron vicinus grows on rocky slopes and in canyons. It is a perennial herb rarely up to 30 centimeters (12 inches) tall, producing a taproot and a branching woody caudex. It generally produces 1-2 flower heads per stem.

Mertensia bella is a species of flowering plant in the borage family known by the common names beautiful bluebells and Oregon lungwort. It is native to the northwestern United States, where it grows in wet mountain habitat. It is a perennial herb producing a slender, erect stem and caudex unit up to half a meter tall. The rough-haired leaves are alternately arranged and borne on petioles.

It is a perennial herb producing an erect stem from a branching caudex, approaching 40 centimeters in maximum height. There are a few oval to lance-shaped leaves. The inflorescence is a dense, often crowded cluster of hanging tubular flowers with expanded, bell-like mouths. They are generally bright blue, but may be lavender to pinkish to nearly white, and measure up to 2.5 centimeters long.

J. podagrica is a caudiciform perennial herb growing up to 1 metre (3 feet) tall. The grey-green, knobby, swollen caudex has a bottle-like appearance, giving rise to some of the common names. Leaves are held on long fleshy yet stout petioles which emerge from the tip of the stem and radiate in all directions. Leaves are peltate and 3 or 5 lobed.

Enceliopsis nudicaulis is a perennial herb growing up to 40 centimeters (16 inches) tall from a woody caudex fringed with gray-green hairy leaves. The leaves are oval and up to 6 centimeters (2.4 inches) long and wide. The inflorescence is a solitary flower head atop a tall, erect peduncle. The flower head has a base made up of three layers of densely woolly, pointed phyllaries.

This is an uncommon perennial herb growing mats of leaves from a woody caudex, spreading to 60 centimeters wide at the base and growing erect inflorescences up to 40 centimeters high. The leaves are pale green to yellowish, woolly, and up to about two centimeters long. The compound inflorescence is made up of clusters of pale yellow to pale pink flowers atop long, naked stems.

Solidago guiradonis is a perennial herb growing from a woody caudex, sometimes reaching heights well over one meter (40 inches). The leaves are up to 20 centimeters (8 inches) long near the base of the plant but shorter farther up. They are linear to lance-shaped and have winged petioles that expand to nearly sheath the stem at the bases. The herbage is mostly hairless.

His mother is not known, but he had a much younger brother, Appius Claudius Caudex, who became consul in 264, four years after Caecus' elder son. Since Caecus' sons became consuls over a period of 28 years and long after his own time, he probably married at least twice, even though none of his wives is known.Oakley, Commentary, Book 9, p. 357 (note 2).

Ionactis alpina is a perennial herb growing from a caudex and fibrous root system. It produces a short, mostly erect, hairy stem up to 12 centimeters (4.8 inches) in height. Most of the small leaves are on the lower part of the stem. They are up to about a centimeter (0.4 inches) long, oval to lance- shaped and pointed, somewhat stiff and coated in hairs.

Sidalcea glaucescens is a perennial herb grows from a thick taproot and caudex unit, producing a slender, waxy stem up to long. The leaves are deeply divided into about five lobes which may be forked or edged with smaller lobes. The inflorescence is a loose panicle of several flowers with pink or purplish petals 1 to 2 centimeters long. The bloom period is June to August.

A spreading stem up to 15 centimeters long grows from a caudex. Each leaf is divided into usually three leaflets borne at the end of a petiole up to 7 centimeters long. Each wedge-shaped leaflet has three teeth at the tip. The flower has usually five pointed green bractlets, five wider pointed green sepals, and five tiny yellowish petals each about a millimeter long.

Caulanthus major is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae known by the common name slender wild cabbage. It is native to the Great Basin and surrounding regions of the United States, where it grows on dry mountain slopes and similar habitat. It is a perennial herb growing an erect, hollow stem from a woody caudex. It is most similar to its relative, Caulanthus crassicaulis.

Solidago hispida, the hairy goldenrod, is North American species of flowering plants in the sunflower family. Its native range extends from Newfoundland west to Saskatchewan, and south as far as Oklahoma, Louisiana, and Georgia.Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map Solidago hispida is a perennial herb up to tall, with a branching underground caudex. Leaves are egg-shaped (ovate) or elliptical, up to long.

It is an evergreen perennial growing from a thick taproot and caudex unit. It produces a basal rosette of many thick, fleshy oval- or spoon-shaped leaves up to long. The specific epithet cotyledon ("small cup") refers to the shape of the leaves. Flowering from spring to summer, the inflorescence arises on one or more stems tall, each stem bearing an array of up to 50 flowers.

Lewisia cantelovii is an uncommon species of flowering plant in the family Montiaceae known by the common name Cantelow's lewisia. It is endemic to California, where it is known from the northeastern mountain ranges from the Klamath Mountains to the northern Sierra Nevada. It grows in rocky, moist mountain habitat. This is a perennial herb growing from a short, thick taproot and caudex unit.

Wyethia glabra is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name Coast Range mule's ears. It is endemic to California, where it grows in the North and Central Coast Ranges. It is a perennial herb growing from a tough taproot and caudex unit and producing a stem up to 40 centimeters tall. It is hairless to hairy and glandular.

Boechera cobrensis (syn. Arabis cobrensis) is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common names Masonic rockcress and sagebrush rockcress. It is native to the western United States from eastern California to Wyoming, where it is found in sandy habitat, especially sagebrush. This is a perennial herb growing several erect, slender stems to heights near half a meter from a branching caudex.

Lewisia kelloggii is a species of flowering plant in the family Montiaceae known by the common name Kellogg's lewisia. It is endemic to the Sierra Nevada of California, where it is known from several sites high in the mountains. It grows in rocky mountain habitat in granite and slate substrates. This is a perennial herb growing from a thick, short taproot and caudex unit.

Its base is a caudex which is generally covered in the remains of withered leaf bases. The leaves have lance-shaped or oblong blades which have smooth or toothed edges or may be divided into a few lobes. The blades may be 22 centimeters long. Some are borne on long petioles, while others, especially those higher on the plant, clasp the stem at their bases.

Tetraneuris verdiensis is a rare North American species of plants in the sunflower family. It has been found in only in Yavapai County in Arizona in the southwestern United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Tetraneuris verdiensis is a small perennial herb rarely more than tall. It forms a branching underground caudex sometimes producing as many as 15 unbranched, above-ground stems.

Flora Brasiliensis 6(3): 334 in Latin Hypochaeris microcephala is a perennial herb with a thick taproot and a woody caudex. Some of the leaves are clumped around the base of the stem, while others grow higher up. One plant will produce 1–13 flower heads, each head with 50–100 white ray flowers but no disc flowers.Flora of North America, Hypochaeris microcephala (Schultz-Bipontinus) Cabrera var.

Potentilla wheeleri is a species of cinquefoil known by the common name Kern cinquefoil or Wheeler's cinquefoil. It is native to the Sierra Nevada and nearby ranges of California and it has been reported from ArizonaUSDA Plants Profile and Baja California.Jepson Manual Treatment Its habitat includes moist areas in mountainous regions. This tuftlike plant produces spreading, decumbent stems with leaves sometimes arranged in a rosette about the caudex.

Tylecodon buchholzianus is a shrub reaching a height of about 20–30 cm. It is a winter slow-growing plant, dormant during the summer. The stem is a swollen and thickened caudex with a diameter up to 30 cm and many elongate whitish or grey branches. In the Spring arise almost cylindrical green leaves, about 10 cm long, but the photosynthesis may be granted also by microscopic leaflets on the stem.

Caulanthus crassicaulis is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae known by the common name thickstem wild cabbage. It is native to the western United States where it is a member of the flora in sagebrush, woodland, and desert scrub habitats. This is a perennial herb producing a stout, inflated stem from a woody caudex base. The leaves form a basal rosette and occur at intervals along the stem.

Pedicularis attollens is a species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae known by the common name little elephant's head. It is native to Oregon and California, where it grows in moist mountainous areas such as meadows and bogs. It is a perennial herb growing up to in maximum height with one or more stems emerging from a caudex. The leaves are comblike, divided into many linear lobes.

Pegaeophyton nepalense is a plant species reported from Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim and Xizang (= Tibet). It is found high in the Himalayas at elevations of over 4000 m (13,000 feet).Flora of China v 8 p 107 Pegaeophyton nepalenseis a very small perennial herb rarely more than 2 cm tall, with an underground caudex and a rosette of leaves above ground. Leaves have relatively long petioles up to 14 mm long.

This is a mat-forming perennial herb growing from a thick, woody caudex and system of rhizomes. Leaves are mostly located at ground level, the toothed oval blade attached to the long petiole by a joint and easily broken off. Smaller, reduced leaves are located along the stem. The inflorescence arises on an erect, hairy, glandular peduncle and is made up of many small clusters of white-petaled flowers.

It is endemic to the Klamath Mountains of southern Oregon and northern California, where it grows in moist, rocky habitat. It is a perennial herb growing from a caudex, usually with a rhizome system. It produces a basal rosette of leaves with rounded or oval blades edged with dull or sharp teeth or scalloping. Each leaf is up to 6 centimeters long, thick and fleshy, and borne on a short petiole.

Dudleya candelabrum is a succulent plant endemic to California, where it grows wild only on the northern Channel Islands. Dudleya candelabrum grows from a basal rosette of leaves up to half a meter wide atop a thick, hardy caudex. Each leaf is a pale green to pinkish-green spade shape with a sharp point. The unbranched stem is generally erect but often bending under the weight of the inflorescence it holds.

Jepsonia malvifolia is an uncommon species of flowering plant in the saxifrage family known by the common name island jepsonia. It is found only on the Channel Islands of California and Guadalupe Island off Baja California. It grows in exposed rock and clay soils on the chaparral and scrub slopes of the islands. This is a small perennial herb producing two or three leaves from a flat caudex.

The stem may take up to twenty years to emerge. Plants begin as a crown of rigid grass-like leaves, the caudex slowly growing beneath. The main stem or branches continue to develop beneath the crown, This is rough-surfaced, built from accumulated leaf-bases around the secondarily thickened trunk. The trunk is sometimes unbranched, some species will branch if the growing point is damaged, and others naturally grow numerous branches.

Cryptantha confertiflora is a species of wildflower in the borage family known by the common names basin yellow catseye and Mojave popcorn flower. This is a common desert plant native to the southwestern United States. It is an erect perennial herb approaching half a meter in height. The stems grow from a woody caudex and form a rough clump of hairy, bristly gray-green leaves in dry, rocky areas.

This is a small plant growing up to 30cm in height from an underground caudex. The leaf is pinnate and is divided into a sterile frond and a fertile frond. The sterile frond of the leaf has 4 to 9 pairs of fan- shaped leaflets or pinnae. The fertile part of the leaf is very different in shape, with rounded, grapelike clusters of sporangia producing spores by which it reproduces.

Pachypodium decaryi is a flowering plant, and a member of the family Apocynaceae. This species was first described in 1922 by Henri Louis Poisson. It is native to central Madagascar, growing on bare rocks with little water and a lot of sunlight. The caudex (swollen stem base) of this species can grow to 40 centimetres in diameter, and the taller stems can grow up to three or four meters.

Erigeron religiosus is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name Clear Creek fleabane . It is native to the southwestern United States, in southern Utah and northern Arizona.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Erigeron religiosus grows in forested areas. It is an annual or perennial herb producing up to 40 centimeters (16 inches) long from a woody, branched underground caudex.

Species belonging to the Brassicaceae are mostly annual, biennial, or perennial herbaceous plants, some are dwarf shrubs or shrubs, and very few vines. Although generally terrestrial, a few species such as water awlwort live submerged in fresh water. They may have a taproot or a sometimes woody caudex that may have few or many branches, some have thin or tuberous rhizomes, or rarely develop runners. Few species have multi-cellular glands.

Epilobium siskiyouense is a small, clumping subshrub growing scaly, often densely hairy and glandular from a woody caudex reaching up to about 25 centimeters in maximum height. The leaves are lance-shaped to oval and under 3 centimeters long. The glandular inflorescence bears bright to deep pink flowers with petals 1 or 2 centimeters long. The fruit is a hairy capsule reaching up to 4.5 centimeters in length.

Biota of North America 2014 county distribution map Antennaria flagellaris is a petite perennial herb forming a thin patch on the ground no more than 2 centimeters high. It grows from a slender caudex and spreads via thin, wiry, cobwebby stolons. The woolly grayish leaves are one to two centimeters long and generally lance-shaped. The tiny inflorescence holds a single flower head less than a centimeter wide.

Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Antennaria dimorpha is a small mat-forming perennial herb growing in a flat patch from a thick, branching caudex. The spoon-shaped leaves are up to about a centimeter long and green but coated with long, gray hairs. The erect inflorescences are only a few centimeters tall. Each holds a single flower head lined with dark brown and green patched phyllaries.

H. H. Scullard thinks that Caudex was not successful, since he did not receive a triumph and was succeeded in command by Messalla, his political enemy. Cf. Cambridge Ancient History, vol. 7, part 2, p. 545. His successor Manius Valerius Corvinus Messalla landed with a strong 40,000 men army that conquered eastern Sicily, which prompted Hiero to shift his allegiance and forge a long lasting alliance with Rome.

Lewisia congdonii is a perennial herb growing from a short, thick taproot and caudex unit. It produces a basal rosette of several thick, fleshy leaves with lance- shaped blades tapering down to a long petiole. The inflorescence arises on one or more stems 20 to 60 centimeters tall, each stem bearing an array of up to 100 flowers each. Near the flowers are small, pointed bracts tipped with resin glands.

Anulocaulis annulatus is a species of flowering plant in the four o'clock family known by the common name valley ringstem. It is endemic to the Mojave Desert of California, especially in the vicinity of Death Valley. This is a perennial herb growing a number of thin, erect stems sometimes exceeding a meter in height from a thick caudex. The smooth stems have darkened internodes at intervals which are glandular and sticky.

Lewisia nevadensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Montiaceae known by the common name Nevada lewisia. It is native to much of the western United States, where it grows in moist mountain habitat, such as meadows. This is a small perennial herb growing from a taproot and caudex unit. It produces a basal rosette of several narrow, fingerlike to threadlike fleshy leaves up to 13 centimeters long.

This is a perennial herb growing from a slender taproot and caudex unit. It produces a basal rosette of several fleshy, narrow leaves up to about 9 centimeters long. The inflorescence is made up of several prostrate stems extending from the rosette, each bearing 3 or more flowers. The flower has 7 to 10 pink to red petals with blunt or jagged tips 1 to 1.5 centimeters long.

Halford, A. S. and R. S. Nowak. (1996). Distribution and ecological characteristics of Lewisia longipetala (Piper) Clay, a high-altitude endemic plant Great Basin Naturalist 56:3 225-36. The plant thrives in the snow, growing largest and most densely in areas of high snowpack and becoming easily water-stressed when far away from areas with snow. This is a perennial herb growing from a slender taproot and caudex unit.

Calystegia purpurata is a robust perennial herb growing from a woody caudex and extending spreading or climbing stems up to 70 centimeters. The lobed leaves are up to 5 centimeters long and generally triangular in shape. The inflorescence produces 1 to 5 flowers atop peduncles. The flower is a morning glory up to 5 centimeters wide, in color white, pink, purple, or white or cream with purple stripes.

Iliamna latibracteata is a large perennial herb growing a hairy stem from a woody caudex to heights between one and two meters. It produces palmate leaves with generally 5 or 7 pointed lobes on long, slender petioles, each leaf up to 20 centimeters long. Flowers grow in the leaf axils, singly or in small clusters. Each flower is cup-shaped with five pink-lavender petals 2 to 3 centimeters long.

Calystegia subacaulis is a hairy perennial herb growing from a woody caudex or a rhizome and extending stems no longer than about 20 centimeters. The leaves are 3 or 4 centimeters long and triangular or arrowhead shaped with small side lobes. The inflorescence produces morning glory flowers atop short peduncles. Each flower is 3 to 6 centimeters wide and white or cream in color, often tinted with light purple.

Sphaeromeria potentilloides is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names cinquefoil false sagebrush and fivefinger chickensage. It is native to the western United States, where it is known from the Great Basin and surrounding regions. It grows in moist areas, especially places with alkaline substrates such as hot springs and seeps. This perennial herb produces spreading stems from a woody caudex.

It is a perennial herb growing from a thick caudex and a taproot. It grows somewhat upright, the plant approaching half a meter in maximum length. There is a basal rosette of thick, generally spoon-shaped leaves up to about 6 centimeters long, with a few smaller leaves along the stems. C. monospermum usually has more than one inflorescence per basal rosette; the related Cistanthe umbellata generally has only one.

Packera bernardina is a perennial herb growing 30 to 50 centimeters in maximum height from a branching caudex and a rosette of basal leaves; several rosettes, each with a stem, may be clustered together. The spatula-shaped leaves have small squared oval blades with toothed edges which are borne on the ends of long petioles. Smaller, simpler leaves occur farther up the stem. The leaves are coated in a very short layer of woolly hairs.

Piperia elegans is a species of orchid known by several common names, including elegant piperia, coast piperia, hillside rein orchid, and hillside bogorchid. This is a showy flowering plant native to western North America. It grows from a caudex tuber and sends up a thick stem just under a meter in maximum height. The stem is topped with a cylindrical spike inflorescence of densely packed flowers with curving white to greenish-yellow petals.

Piperia leptopetala is a species of orchid known by the common names narrow- petal rein orchid, and lacy rein orchid. It is native to the west coast of the United States from Washington to California, where it grows in scrub and woodland habitat in mountains and foothills. This orchid grows erect to about 70 centimeters in maximum height from a bulbous caudex. The basal leaves are up to 15 centimeters long by 3 wide.

Senecio serra is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names tall ragwort and sawtooth groundsel. It is native to the western United States, where it can be found in several types of habitat, including sagebrush and woodlands. It is a perennial herb producing a single erect stem or a cluster of stems from a branched, woody caudex. The plant can exceed two meters in height.

Eriogonum crosbyae. Flora of North America. This plant was first discovered in the Guano Valley in Lake County, Oregon, in 1978 by Bureau of Land Management botanist Virginia Crosby, and it was named for her in 1981.Eriogonum crosbyae. Oregon Department of Agriculture. This perennial herb forms mats of stems from a branching caudex. It is hairless to hairy to woolly in texture and sometimes glandular, and it is greenish or grayish in color.

Fockea is a genus of succulent scrubs native to southern Africa, known collectively as water roots, a reference to their characteristic bulbous caudex, which is edible in at least some species.Gibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. M. Welman, E. Retief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. Van Wyk & A. Nicholas. 1987. List of species of southern African plants. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa 2(1–2): 1–152(pt.

Boechera sparsiflora (formerly Arabis sparsiflora) is a species of rockcress known by the common names sicklepod rockcress and elegant rockcress. It is native to western North America from California to Utah to Yukon, where it can be found in a number of habitats. This is a coarsely hairy perennial herb growing one or more thick stems from a caudex. The stem may branch or not and it reaches up to 90 centimeters in maximum height.

It is a resident of dry forest habitat in the granite soils of the Klamath Mountains. This is a perennial herb producing a low mat of hairy, glandular gray-green foliage about a woody base. The leaves are cylindrical and sometimes tapering to a point, growing erect in a patch around the caudex. Each leaf is 3 to 8 centimeters long and is made up of densely spaced pairs of minutely toothed leaflets.

Micranthes nidifica, the peak saxifrage, is a species of plant in the saxifrage family. It is native to the northwestern United States, where it grows in moist habitat, often in mountainous areas. It is a perennial herb growing from a caudex and system of rhizomes and producing a basal rosette of leaves. Each leaf is up to 10 centimeters long with a smooth-edged or minutely toothed blade on a thin petiole.

It forms a matted clump from a woody caudex and produces leaves and stems which lie on the ground or are somewhat erect. Each leaf is about 2 to 5 centimeters long and is made up of rows of many tiny, lobed, pink-edged green leaflets, densely coated in short white hairs. The leaflets overlap such that each leaf is cylindrical. The mostly naked pinkish stems bear inflorescences of hairy clusters of flowers.

Jepsonia heterandra is an uncommon species of flowering plant in the saxifrage family known by the common name foothill jepsonia. It is endemic to the foothills of the central section of the Sierra Nevada in California, where it grows in woodland and forest. This is a small perennial plant growing two or three leaves from a branching caudex. The flat, green leaves are round or kidney-shaped with frilly lobes along the edges.

Lithospermum californicum is a species of flowering plant in the borage family known by the common name California stoneseed. It is native to southern Oregon and northern California, where it can be found in many types of mountain habitat, such as forest, woodland, and chaparral. It is a hairy perennial herb growing from a taproot and woody caudex. It produces a clump of branching, spreading stems up to about 40 centimeters long.

Bolandra californica is a species of flowering plant in the saxifrage family, known by the common names Sierra bolandra and Sierra false coolwort. It is one of two species in the small genus Bolandra. It is endemic to the High Sierra Nevada of California, where it is an uncommon member of the coniferous forest understory. This is a perennial herb growing from a caudex, producing a few sharp-lobed leaves up to ten centimeters long.

Botrychium ascendens is a species of fern in the family Ophioglossaceae known by the common names triangle-lobe moonwort and upswept moonwort. It is native to North America from British Columbia to northern California as well as parts of eastern Canada. It lives in different habitat types, including grassy riverside areas. This is very small plant growing from an underground caudex and sending one yellow-green leaf above the surface of the ground.

Silene bernardina is a variable plant and it is divided into several subspecies. In general, it is a perennial herb growing from a taproot and leafy caudex unit, the hairy, erect stems growing up to about half a meter tall. The slender stems have glandular, sticky patches on their upper parts. The linear or lance-shaped leaves are up to 8 centimeters long low on the stem and smaller on the distal branches.

Erigeron socorrensis is a Mexican species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name Socorro Island fleabane. It has been found only on Socorro Island in Mexico, part of the State of Colima. This is a small, volcanic island about south-southwest of the southern end of the Peninsula of Baja California, the largest of the Revillagigedo Islands. Erigeron socorrensis is a shrub up to tall, with a large woody caudex.

Erigeron trifidus is a Canadian species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name Alberta fleabane. It is native to the provinces of Alberta and British Columbia in western Canada.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Erigeron trifidus grows on talus and scree slopes in alpine zones at high elevations. It is a small perennial herb rarely more than 10 centimeters (4 inches) tall, producing a branching underground caudex.

Erigeron salmonensis is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name Salmon River fleabane. It has been found only in the Salmon River Canyon in central Idaho.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Erigeron salmonensis grows on ledges and cracks in north-facing cliffs. It is a perennial herb up to 35 cm (14 inches) tall, forming a woody underground caudex.

Silene douglasii is a tufted perennial herb growing from a branching caudex and taproot, its stems decumbent to erect and up to 70 centimeters long. The stem is coated in curly or feltlike gray-white hairs. The lance-shaped leaves are up to 6 centimeters long on the lower stem and are smaller farther up. Each flower is encapsulated in a cylindrical inflated calyx of sepals lined with ten green or purple-red veins.

Solidago simplex is a perennial herb up to 80 cm (32 inches) tall, with a branching underground caudex. One plant system can produce as many as 10 stems. Leaves are long and narrow, up to 16 cm (6.6 inches) long, produced on the stem as well as at the base. One stem can sometimes produce as many as 150 small yellow flower heads, each with 7-16 ray florets surrounding 6-31 disc florets.

Solidago riddellii is a perennial herb up to 100 cm (40 inches) tall, with a branching underground caudex. One plant system can produce as many as ten stems. The leaves are long and narrow, up to 25 cm (10 inches) long, produced along the stems as well as at the base. One stem can sometimes produce as many as 450 small yellow flower heads, each with 7–9 ray florets surrounding 6–10 disc florets.

Solidago confinis, commonly called southern goldenrod, is a North American species of flowering plants in the sunflower family. It is native to California, southern Nevada, and Baja California.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapCalflora taxon report, University of California, Solidago confinis A. Gray southern goldenrod Solidago confinis A. Gray, 1882. Southern goldenrod Solidago confinis is a perennial herb sometimes as much as 200 cm (80 inches) tall, with a thick, woody underground caudex.

Eucephalus glaucescens is a North American species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name Klickitat aster. It grows on rocky slopes and in subalpine meadows at high elevations on and near Mt. Adams in the south-central part of the US State of Washington.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Eucephalus glaucescens is a perennial herb up to tall, with a woody caudex. Stems are hairless.

Eucephalus gormanii is a North American species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name Gorman’s aster. It grows on rocky slopes and on cliffs at high elevations in the Cascade Mountains of the US State of Oregon.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Eucephalus gormanii is a perennial herb up to 40 cm (16 inches) tall, with short rhizomes and a woody caudex. Stems are hairless.

Extriplex californica is a perennial herb growing from a fleshy caudex and taproot. Many stems spread to a maximum width of about 80 centimeters (32 in.) and 30 centimeters (12 in.) in height. The scaly gray-green leaves are lance-shaped to oval and less than 3 centimeters (1 in.) long. The plant may be monoecious or dioecious, with some plants having both male and female flower types, and others having just one.

Lithospermum incisum is a species of flowering plant in the borage family known by several common names, including narrowleaf stoneseed, fringed gromwell, narrowleaf puccoon, and plains stoneseed. It is native to much of central Canada and the United States, where it is known from many types of habitat. It is a hairy perennial herb growing from a taproot and woody caudex. It produces a cluster of stems up to about 30 centimeters long.

Lewisia disepala is a petite perennial herb growing from a thick branching taproot and short caudex unit. It produces a basal rosette of many small leaves no more than 1.5 centimeters long. The leaves are thick, fleshy, hairless, deep shiny green, and club-shaped, knobby, or finger-like, clumped tightly together. The inflorescence has a stem so short that the flowers sit directly on the basal rosette of leaves, or among them.

Lewisia columbiana is a species of flowering plant in the family Montiaceae known by the common name Columbian lewisia. It is native to the western United States and British Columbia, where it grows in rocky mountain habitat. It is a perennial herb growing from a short, thick taproot and caudex unit. It produces a basal rosette of many thick, fleshy, tapering, blunt-tipped or pointed leaves with smooth edges, each 2 to 10 centimeters long.

Wyethia longicaulis is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name Humboldt mule's ears. It is endemic to California, where it occurs in the North Coast Ranges and the Klamath Mountains. It grows in mountain and foothill habitat such as grassland and forests. It is a perennial herb growing from a tough taproot and caudex unit and producing a stem up to half a meter tall.

This name was already taken by an Asian species, Astragalus plumbeus, so the name was changed to A. molybdenus. Molybdenum is also grayish in color and is mined near Leadville. This species is a small perennial herb growing from a taproot and underground branching caudex unit. Underground stem branches may root and sprout up as new plants, so what appear to be two separate plants may actually be one individual sprouting up twice.

Tetraneuris ivesiana is a North American species of plants in the sunflower family, known by the common name Ives' fournerved daisy. It grows in the southwestern United States, in Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapSEINet Southwestern Biodiversity, Arizona chapter description, photos, distribution map Tetraneuris ivesiana is a perennial herb up to tall. It forms a branching underground caudex sometimes producing as many as 30 above-ground stems.

Tetraneuris torreyana is a North American species of plants in the sunflower family, known by the common name Torrey's four-nerve daisy. It grows in the western United States, in extreme southern Montana, Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Tetraneuris torreyana is a perennial herb up to tall. It forms a branching underground caudex sometimes producing as many as 40 unbranched, above-ground stems.

Packera indecora is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names elegant groundsel and rayless mountain ragwort. It is native to northern North America including most of Canada and sections of the northernmost United States. It grows in moist mountain habitat, such as streamsides and meadows. It is a perennial herb producing a single stem or a cluster of 2 or 3 stems from a branching caudex and a taproot.

Packera ionophylla is an uncommon species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name Tehachapi ragwort. It is endemic to California, where it is known from the Tehachapi Mountains, the San Gabriel and San Bernardino Mountains, and Alamo Mountain near the Grapevine. It grows in mountain forest habitat. It is a perennial herb producing one or more erect stems up to 30 to 50 centimeters tall from a rhizome or taproot and caudex unit.

Piperia elongata is a species of orchid known by the common names denseflower rein orchid, chaparral orchid and wood rein-orchid. It is native to western North America from British Columbia and Montana to southern California, where it grows in mountain forests and scrub habitat. This orchid grows erect to about 1.3 meters in maximum height from a bulbous caudex, its stem becoming narrow toward the tip. The basal leaves are up to 30 centimeters long by 6.5 wide.

Burst Adenium seed pod Because seed-grown plants are not genetically identical to the mother plant, desirable varieties are commonly propagated by grafting. Genetically identical plants can also be propagated by cutting. However, cutting-grown plants do not tend to develop a desirable thick caudex as quickly as seed-grown plants. The sap of Adenium boehmianum, A. multiflorum, and A. obesum contains toxic cardiac glycosides and is used as arrow poison throughout Africa for hunting large game.

Packera pauciflora is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name alpine groundsel. It is native to northern North America, where it can be found in parts of western and eastern Canada and the northwestern United States. It grows in subalpine and alpine climates, such as mountain meadows. It is a perennial herb producing one or more erect stems up to half a meter tall from a thick caudex and fibrous root system.

Physaria hemiphysaria (formerly Lesquerella hemiphysaria) is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common names Intermountain bladderpod and skyline bladderpod. It is endemic to Utah in the United States, where it grows on rocky ridges and outcrops of sandstone, shale, clay, and sand. This perennial herb produces stout, decumbent stems up to 10 or 20 centimeters long from a caudex. The leaves are up to 5.5 centimeters long, the upper ones smaller.

Horkelia wilderae is a perennial herb producing an inconspicuous rosette of prostrate leaves around a small caudex. Each leaf is up to 10 centimeters long and is made up of several pairs of wedge-shaped leaflets divided at the tips into several lobes. The inflorescence is an open array of up to 15 flowers atop an erect stalk, each flower made up of five pointed, green, often recurved sepals and five wedge-shaped to oblong white petals.

This plant grows a rosette of leaves up to about 10 centimeters wide, each leaf blade- shaped to cone-shaped and up to 10 centimeters long and one wide. The leaves are fleshy and hairless, generally pale green, often tinted with pink or yellow. From the rosette bolts an erect stem, which is a caudex topped with a multi-branched inflorescence. The stem and branches may be dark to very light and almost white in color.

Plantago subnuda is a species of plantain known by the common name tall coastal plantain. It is native to western North America from the west coast of the United States to west-central Mexico, where it grows in wet and moist habitat types, often in coastal areas, such as marshland. It is a perennial herb producing few oval leaves around a thick caudex. The broad smooth-edged or slightly toothed leaves may be up to 40 centimeters long.

Anemone tuberosa is native to south central western North America mostly in Nevada and New Mexico and Northern Mexico but also west to California and East to Texas. This spring flowering plant is found on rocky slopes and along stream banks. Anemone tuberosa is part of a species complex that includes 6 to 9 species native from south western and central USA to South America For the most part all produce tubers or caudex-like tubers.

Lithospermum ruderale is a species of flowering plant in the borage family known by the common name western stoneseed or lemonweed. It is native to western Canada and the western United States, where it can be found in many types of habitat. A perennial herb growing from a taproot and woody caudex, it is covered with fine, more or less upright, hairs, especially on the stems. It produces a cluster of erect leafy stems 20 to 50 centimeters tall.

It is a perennial herb producing a peeling white stem from a caudex, reaching up to about 30 centimeters in maximum height. The lance-shaped leaves are a few centimeters long and have no teeth or lobes. The inflorescence is a cluster of flowers with pale yellow to nearly white petals up to 1.4 centimeters long. The fruit is a cup-shaped utricle under a centimeter wide which contains many lens-shaped, bumpy seeds about 3 millimeters wide.

It is a bushy perennial herb producing a hairy, woody stem from a thick, purplish caudex, approaching 75 centimeters in maximum height with slender, leafy branches. The leaves are each made up of three hairy, glandular, lance-shaped leaflets up to 6 or 7 centimeters long. The inflorescence is a clustered raceme of several whitish or yellowish pealike flowers. Each flower has a tubular calyx of sepals and a corolla spreading to about 1.5 centimeters in width.

Erigeron pringlei is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name Pringle's fleabane. It has been found in only in the state of Arizona in the southwestern United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Erigeron pringlei is a perennial herb up to 16 centimeters (6.4 inches) tall, producing a thick underground woody caudex. The plant generally produces only 1 flower head per stem but sometimes 2 or 3.

Erigeron tweedyi is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name Tweedy's fleabane. It is native to the northern Rocky Mountains in the US states of Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Erigeron tweedyi grows on talus and rocky slopes at high elevations. It is a perennial herb up to 20 centimeters (8 inches) tall, producing a taproot and a branching underground caudex.

Erigeron untermannii is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name Indian Canyon fleabane . It is native to the western United States, only in the state of Utah.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Erigeron untermannii grows in sunny locations in sagebrush and in open coniferous woodlands. It is a small perennial herb rarely more than 8 centimeters (3.2 inches) tall, producing rhizomes and a branching underground caudex.

Erigeron yukonensis is a rare Arctic species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name Yukon fleabane. It is native to the northwestern corner of North America: Alaska, Yukon, Northwest Territories.Biota of North America 2014 state-level distribution map Erigeron yukonensis grows in rocky slopes and meadows, usually above the tree line. It is a branching perennial herb up to 40 centimeters (16 inches) tall, producing a taproot and a woody underground caudex.

Silene marmorensis is a rare species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae known by the common names Marble Mountain catchfly, Marble Mountain campion, and Somes Bar campion. It is endemic to the southern Klamath Mountains of northern California, where it grows in mountain woodlands and forests. It is a perennial herb producing several stems and shoots from a woody, branching caudex and thick taproot. The hairy, glandular stems grow erect to a maximum height near 40 centimeters.

In general, it is a perennial herb growing from a caudex, appearing matlike, decumbent, or erect, with stems a few centimeters to over half a meter long. It is usually hairy in texture, with upper parts bearing sticky glandular hairs. The leaves are lance-shaped, oppositely arranged in pairs, and a few centimeters in length, upper leaves usually smaller than lower. Flowers may occur in a cyme at the top of the stem, or in leaf axils, or both.

Silene hookeri is a squat perennial herb producing a decumbent or erect stem up to 20 centimeters long from a woody, branching caudex. It is covered in soft gray curly or crinkly hairs. The leaves are lance-shaped and up to 9 centimeters long near the base of the plant; smaller, narrower leaves occur farther up the stems. Each flower has a tubular calyx of fused sepals lined with ten veins and covered in whitish hairs.

Solidago tarda is a perennial herb up to 180 cm (6 feet) tall, with a branching underground caudex or rhizomes. Leaves are elliptic or egg-shaped, up to 35 cm (14 inches) long near the base of the plant, shorter farther up the stem. One plant can produce as many as 50 small yellow flower heads in a narrow, elongate array at the top of the plant.Flora of North America, Solidago tarda Mackenzie ex Small, 1933.

Lepidium barnebyanum is a rare species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae known by the common names Barneby's pepperweed, Barneby's pepper- grass, and Barneby's ridge-cress. It is endemic to Utah, where there is a single population in Duchesne County. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States. This is a clumpy perennial herb with a woody caudex at the base layered with new leaves and the remains of previous seasons' leaves.

Silene nuda is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae known by the common names western fringed catchfly and sticky catchfly. It is native to the Sierra Nevada and Modoc Plateau of California, its distribution extending into Oregon and Nevada. It grows in forest, woodland, and scrub habitat, sometimes in saline soils. Silene nuda is a perennial herb growing from a thick, woody caudex and taproot, sending up one or more erect stems up to tall.

Solidago wrightii, commonly known as Wright's goldenrod, is a North American species of goldenrod in the sunflower family. It grows in northern Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Sonora, Coahuila) and the southwestern United States (Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, western Texas, and the Oklahoma Panhandle).Biota of North America 2014 county distribution mapNesom, Guy L. 1989. Phytologia 67(2): 147 Solidago wrightii is a perennial herb up to 110 cm (44 inches) tall, with a woody underground caudex and rhizomes.

Eucephalus breweri is a North American species in the aster family known by the common name Brewer's aster. It is native to California where it grows primarily in the Sierra Nevada at subalpine elevations. Its range extends into northwestern Nevada and southwestern Oregon.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Eucephalus breweri is a perennial herb growing from a woody caudex to a maximum height anywhere between 10 centimeters (4 inches) and one meter (39 inches).

Erigeron aequifolius is a small perennial herb growing a hairy, glandular stem up to about 20 centimeters (8 inches) tall from a woody caudex and taproot. The small leaves are equal in size and evenly spaced along the stem. The inflorescence is a usually solitary flower head at the tip of the stem. The head contains many yellow disc florets surrounded by a fringe of ray florets which are white when new and turn blue as they dry.

Dudleya 'White Sprite' This is a compact plant growing from a caudex topped with clumps of leaf rosettes each measuring up to 5 centimeters wide and containing up to 20 small leaves. The fleshy triangular leaves are green, red-tinged, or white with waxy, powdery coating of exudate. Each leaf is up to about 2 centimeters long by 1 wide. The plant produces an inflorescence up to about 13 centimeters tall and studded with small triangular leaves.

Lewisia brachycalyx is a species of flowering plant in the family Montiaceae, known by the common name short-sepal bitter-root or shortsepal lewisia. It is native to the mountains of the southwestern United States and Baja California, where it grows in moist habitat such as meadows. It is a deciduous perennial growing from a short thick taproot and caudex unit. It produces a basal rosette of thick, fleshy, blunt-tipped narrow leaves up to 8 centimeters long.

Lophospermum scandens is a sprawling or climbing herbaceous perennial with fibrous roots. The long stems are branched, becoming woody at the base with age and developing a woody caudex – a swollen, bulb-like structure at the base of the stem. The leaf stalks (petioles) are long, occasionally twining to grasp supports, thus enabling the plant to climb. The leaves are narrowly heart-shaped, long by wide, with a pointed apex and toothed edges (dentate or crenate).

Lophospermum erubescens is a climbing herbaceous perennial with fibrous roots. It climbs by means of twining leaf stalks (petioles) rather than tendrils or twining stems. The long stems are branched, becoming woody at the base with age and developing a woody caudex – a swollen, bulb-like structure at the base of the stem. The leaves have petioles long and are triangular or heart-shaped, long by wide, with a pointed apex and toothed edges (dentate or crenate).

Aquilegia eximia is a species of columbine known by the common names serpentine columbine or Van Houtte's columbine. It is endemic to California, where it grows in the moist forests of the Coast Ranges. This is a perennial herb growing from a thick caudex and varying in height, reaching a maximum height near 1.5 meters. The lower leaves are divided into large, leaflike segments up to 4 or 5 centimeters long and a lobed oval in shape.

One aggressive Carthaginian ship ran aground and was taken intact. Someone among the Romans had the idea of using the captured ship as a model in an accelerated shipbuilding program. His identity did not survive, but the plan could not have been carried out without the approval and support of the consuls.Consul Appius Claudius Caudex had already obtained a senatorial decree in 264 BC to employ a fleet to drive the Carthaginians from Sicily, according to Suetonius and Seneca.

Tetraneuris argentea, the perkysue, is a North American species of plants in the sunflower family. It grows in the southwestern United States, primarily in Arizona and New Mexico with additional populations in Utah, Colorado, and the Texas Panhandle.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapSEINet Southwestern Biodiversity, Arizona chapter description, photos, distribution map Tetraneuris argentea is a perennial herb up to tall. It forms a branching underground caudex sometimes producing as many as 12 above-ground stems.

Part of an inflorescence and single blossom This is a perennial herb growing from a caudex in the water or mud. It produces lance-shaped leaves 12 to 20 centimeters long and 4 wide on long petioles; leaves which remain submerged in water are smaller and less prominently veined. The inflorescence is mostly erect and up to half a meter tall. It is a wide array of small pink-petalled flowers, which open in the morning, from June until August.

Clusters of white-to-pink 5-fold flowers with red stripes This is a low-lying perennial with a woody caudex spreading to about 40 centimeters in maximum width. It forms a patch of round, paddle-shaped, woolly, gray-green leaves one to twenty centimeters wide in rocky areas. Its inflorescence is rarely erect, instead drooping or extending parallel to the ground, rarely higher than 15 centimeters. At the end of each prostrate stem is a puffy, woolly, rounded cluster of flowers.

Senecio aronicoides is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name rayless ragwort. It is native to Oregon and northern and central California, where it can be found in the woodlands and forests of mountains and foothills, often in relatively dry habitat. It is a biennial or perennial herb growing up to about 90 centimeters tall from a fleshy root attached to a buttonlike caudex. The plant is often slightly woolly or cobwebby in texture.

Packera eurycephala is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name widehead groundsel. It is native to a section of the western United States encompassing southern Oregon, northern California, and northern Nevada. It can be found in dry habitat types, often in disturbed areas, and it favors serpentine soils. It is a perennial herb reaching a maximum height of 50 to 70 centimeters, its cluster of erect stems growing from a taproot and woody caudex unit.

Senecio integerrimus is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names lambstongue ragwort and tall western groundsel. It is native to western and central North America, where it grows in grassland, forest, and other habitat. It is a biennial or perennial herb producing a single erect stem 20 to 70 centimeters tall from a caudex with a fleshy root. The linear to lance-shaped or triangular leaves have blades up to 25 centimeters long.

It is possible that more populations exist in unsurveyed gypsum rock habitat across the Eddy County border, in the state of Texas, but much of this habitat is on private land and is not open for exploration. This wild buckwheat species produces erect stems up to 20 centimeters tall and bearing inflorescences of many tiny bright yellow flowers in headlike clusters or cymes. The base of the plant is surrounded by a mat of green leaves growing on the branching caudex.

Micranthes ferruginea is a species of flowering plant known by the common names russethair saxifrage and rusty saxifrage. It is native to western North America from Alaska and northwestern Canada to northern California to Wyoming, where it can be found in moist, rocky habitat in mountainous areas. It is a perennial herb growing from a caudex and rhizome system and producing a basal rosette of leaves. Each leaf is up to 6 centimeters long, thick and fleshy with large teeth along the edges.

Micranthes integrifolia is a species of flowering plant known by the common name wholeleaf saxifrage. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to Montana and northern California, where it grows in moist habitat, including meadows, prairies, and grassy mountain slopes. It is a perennial herb growing from a caudex and system of rhizomes, and producing a basal rosette of leaves. Each leaf is up to 7 centimeters long with a toothed or smooth-edged blade borne on a short petiole.

Brickellia brachyphylla (plumed brickellbush or Hinckley's brickellbush) is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family. It is native to the southwestern United States, in Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, western Texas, and the Oklahoma Panhandle. There are reports that it formerly occurred in southwestern Kansas, but these populations appear to be extinct.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Brickellia brachyphylla is a shrub up to 100 cm (40 inches) tall, growing from a woody caudex.

Eriogonum prociduum is a species of wild buckwheat known by the common name prostrate buckwheat. It is native to the western Great Basin of the United States in the region where Oregon meets California and Nevada, especially the Modoc Plateau, where it grows in exposed volcanic soils. It is a perennial herb growing a clump or mat of small woolly oval leaves around a branching woody caudex. The inflorescence arises on a scape and bears a rounded cluster of bright yellow flowers.

International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code) articles 60.8 and 60.9 Grindelia fraxinipratensis grows in meadows and on the borders of woodlands. It is a biennial or perennial herb growing tall, erect in form, brown or reddish, and hairless and oily. It grows from a thick undergroung caudex atop a woody taproot. The dark green leaves are up to long, widely lance-shaped or oblong, sometimes toothed near the tips, and studded with visible resin glands.

Cryptantha roosiorum is a species of flowering plant in the borage family known by the common name bristlecone cryptantha. It is endemic to Inyo County, California, where it is known from only a few occurrences in the northern Inyo Mountains. It is a small, mat-forming perennial herb just a few centimeters high which grows from a woody caudex rooted in rocky soils. The leaves are up to about a centimeter long, oval to spoon-shaped, and hairy to bristly.

The authors named the plant after the Mad River, choosing an epithet derived from Greek words meaning "mad river", using the British definition of the word "mad," corresponding to the American term "crazy." Erigeron maniopotamicus is a perennial herb growing from a taproot and caudex unit. The stem is up to 27 centimeters (11 inches) tall and has a coating of rough hairs. The leaves are hairy, lance-shaped, and up to 10 centimeters (4 inches) long by 1.4 cm (0.6 inches) wide.

Pachypodium bispinosum has a swollen, tuberous stem, or caudex, up to 0.6 m tall, which is partially buried beneath the soil. Thick, bonsai-like branches sprout from the top of the stem, and are lined with paired, straight spines 10–20 mm long, somewhat shorter than other Pachypodium species. The narrow leaves are scattered or in tufts along the branches. From August to December, the plant bears a few purple to pink flowers in clusters at the tips of the branches.

Silene aperta is a rare species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae known by the common names naked catchfly and Tulare campion. It is endemic to Tulare County, California, where it is known only from the coniferous forests of the High Sierra Nevada. It is a perennial herb growing from a woody, branching caudex sending up several erect stems up to about 60 centimeters tall. The lower leaves are linear in shape, up to 12 centimeters long but less than one wide.

Erigeron uintahensis is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name Uinta fleabane. It is native to the western United States, in the states of Idaho, Wyoming, Utah, and Colorado.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Erigeron uintahensis grows alongside sagebrush, pine, aspen, spruce and fir, and also on alpine meadows at high elevation. It is an perennial herb up to 50 centimeters (20 inches) tall, producing rhizomes and a woody underground caudex.

Erigeron saxatilis is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name rock fleabane. It has been found only in northern Arizona, in Yavapai and Coconino Counties north of the Mogollon Rim.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Erigeron saxatilis grows on ledges and cracks in the walls of canyons. It is a very small perennial herb rarely more than 5 cm (2 inches) tall, forming a woody underground caudex.

Erigeron vernus is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name early white-top fleabane. It is native to the southeastern United States from Virginia to Louisiana.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Erigeron vernus grows in moist locations in flatwoods and savannahs, and sometimes in ditches and by roadsides. It is a biennial or perennial herb up to 50 centimeters (20 inches) tall, producing rhizomes and a woody underground caudex.

Silene invisa is a perennial herb growing up to about 40 centimeters tall from a leafy caudex and taproot. The linear or lance-shaped leaves are a few centimeters long low on the plant and smaller farther up the stem. The inflorescence is a solitary flower or a cyme of up to three flowers at the top of the stem. Each flower has a bell-shaped calyx of fused sepals lined with ten green veins and covered in short, glandular hairs.

Silene lemmonii is a perennial herb producing several stems and shoots from a woody, branching caudex. The decumbent or erect stems may be up to 45 centimeters long and are hairy, the hairs on the upper parts glandular. Most of the leaves are located low on the plant and are oval to lance-shaped, measuring a few centimeters in length; smaller leaves may occur on the upper stem. The inflorescence bears 1 to 7 nodding flowers on sticky glandular stalks.

Eucephalus elegans is a North American species of flowering plants in the aster family known by the common name elegant aster. It is native to the western United States, largely the Great Basin, in the states of Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Wyoming.Biota of North America Program, 2014 county distribution map Eucephalus elegans is a perennial herb up to 70 cm (28 inches) tall, with a woody caudex. One plant will usually produce 3-15 flower heads in a showy array.

Epilobium rigidum is an uncommon species of flowering plant in the evening primrose family known by the common names stiff willowherb and Siskiyou Mountains willowherb. It is endemic to the Klamath Mountains of far northern California and southern Oregon, where it grows in dry, open areas in lower elevation coniferous forest habitat. It is sometimes a member of the serpentine soils flora. This is a perennial herb forming upright clumps or mats of tough, peeling stems around a woody caudex.

Lewisia oppositifolia is a rare species of flowering plant in the family Montiaceae known by the common name opposite-leaf lewisia. It is native to the Klamath Mountains of Josephine County, Oregon, and Del Norte County, California, where it is a local serpentine endemic generally found in moist areas. This is a perennial herb growing from a small taproot and caudex unit. It produces a basal rosette of several lance-shaped, blunt-tipped fleshy leaves up to 11 centimeters long.

The Roman republic in 264 BC (all colours except light green, white and blue). __NOTOC__ Year 264 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Caudex and Flaccus (or, less frequently, year 490 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 264 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Wyethia angustifolia is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names California compassplant and narrowleaf mule's ears. It is native to the west coast of the United States from Washington to California, where it grows in grassland, meadows, and other open habitat. It is a perennial herb growing from a tough taproot and caudex unit and producing a stem 30 to 90 centimeters tall. The leaves have lance-shaped blades up to 50 centimeters tall.

Koenigia davisiae is a perennial herb producing a decumbent or upright stem from a woody caudex, growing to a maximum erect height near 40 centimeters (3 feet). The leaves are oval and pointed or widely-lance-shaped to somewhat triangular, yellowish or pale green and waxy, slightly hairy, or smooth in texture. At the base of each leaf is a thin reddish sheath formed from the leaf's stipules which is known as the ochrea.Flora of North America, Aconogonon davisiae (W.

Thalictrum dioicum, the early meadow-rue or quicksilver-weed, is a species of herbaceous plants in the family Ranunculaceae. Plants are typically upright growing woodland natives from Colorado Rocky Mountain forests to central and eastern North America including parts of south eastern Canada. This species has dioecious plants, with male and female flowers on separate plants blooming in early to mid spring. Thalictrum dioicum grows from 30 to 80 cm tall, from upright caudex, with yellow-gold colored – thick fibrous roots.

Senecio clarkianus is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name Clark's ragwort. It is endemic to the Sierra Nevada of California, where it grows in the moist meadows on the western slopes of the range. It is a perennial herb growing up to 1.2 meters tall from a caudex and fibrous root system. The solitary erect stem is lined evenly with leaves up to about 18 centimeters long, their blades deeply lobed or dissected into narrow, pointed segments.

Piperia candida is a species of orchid known by the common names whiteflower rein orchid, slender white piperia, and white-flowered piperia. It is native to western North America from Alaska to the San Francisco Bay Area, where it grows in coniferous forests and other habitat in coastal and inland mountain ranges within 150 kilometers of the coast. It grows erect to about half a meter in maximum height from a bulbous caudex. The basal leaves are up to 18 centimeters long by 3 wide.

Packera macounii is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name Siskiyou Mountains ragwort. It is native to the west coast of North America from British Columbia to far northern California, where it grows in chaparral and mountain forests, often on serpentine soils. It is a perennial herb producing a single erect stem up to 40 or 50 centimeters in maximum height from a taproot and branching caudex unit. It is slightly hairy to quite woolly in texture.

This plant produces erect, branching stems 40 to 70 centimeters long from a thick caudex. The leaves have leathery, dark green, heart-shaped or kidney-shaped blades up to 15 centimeters long by 23 wide which are palmately divided into three to five dissected lobes. The inflorescence is a cluster of many tiny yellow flowers, each flower measuring only about a 0.1 centimeter long. The fruit, measuring about half a centimeter long, is covered in hooked prickles.Nagata, K. M. and S. M. Gon. (1987).

Pedicularis howellii is an uncommon species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae known by the common name Howell's lousewort. It is endemic to the Siskiyou Mountains of the Klamath Range in southern Oregon and northern California, where it grows on the edges of coniferous forests. This is a perennial herb producing one or more stems up to tall from a long caudex. The leaves are up to long, lance-shaped, and divided into many toothed oval lobes; those higher on the stem may be unlobed.

Hazardia vernicosa is a Mexican species of shrub in the family Asteraceae. It has been found only in the state of Baja California in northwestern Mexico. It has not been found in the United States although one of the Mexican populations is less than 10 km (6 1/4 miles) south of the international border.SEINet, Southwestern Biodiversity, Arizona chapter photos of herbarium specimens, description, distribution map Hazardia vernicosa is a branching subshrub up to tall with several stems arising from a woody underground caudex.

Plants grow tall, from a caudex (woody-like perennial base), flowering spring to mid summer but often found flowering till late summer. They have 3-10 basal leaves that are ternate (arranged with three leaflets), rounded to rounded triangular in shape with long petioles. The flowers are produced in clusters (umbels) with 2 to 8 flowers, but often appear singly. The inflorescence have 3 leaf-like bracts similar in appearance to the basal leaves but simple and greatly reduced in size, pinnatifid in shape.

Diplacus clevelandii is a sturdy perennial herb producing a hairy erect stem up to 90 centimeters tall from a woody caudex. The hairy lance-shaped or oblong leaves are up to 10 centimeters long and oppositely arranged, often with smaller leaves growing in their axils. The tubular base of each flower is encapsulated in a hairy calyx of sepals over 2 centimeters long with long, pointed lobes. The flower corolla is bright yellow and up to 4 centimeters in length with a wide, five-lobed mouth.

Pedicularis semibarbata is a perennial herb producing several stems up to 20 centimeters long from a caudex, but most of the stem is beneath the soil and the plant is low on the ground. The leaves are up to 20 centimeters long, lance-shaped shape and divided into many toothed or lobed segments. The inflorescence is a raceme of flowers with hairy bracts and sepals surrounding the flower bases. Each hairy red- or purple-tinged yellow flower is club- shaped and may exceed 2 centimeters in length.

It is native to the western United States from Montana and Idaho to southern California and Arizona, where it grows in many types of mostly dry habitat from deserts to mountains. It is a spindly subshrub producing several slender stems up to 40 or 50 centimeters tall from a woody caudex. The stems divide many times into short, rigid branches which narrow to sharp thorn-tips. The plant is mostly hairless except for brownish woolly tufts at the base and below the basal leaves.

Silene bridgesii is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae known by the common name Bridges' catchfly. It is native to California, where it can be found throughout the Sierra Nevada and the southern reaches of the Cascade Range to the north, its distribution possibly extending into Oregon.Flora of North America It grows in mountain forests and woodlands. It is a perennial herb growing from a taproot and woody caudex unit, its stem decumbent or growing erect to half a meter or more in height.

Erigeron watsonii is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name Watson's fleabane. It in the mountainous areas of the western United States, in the states of Idaho, Nevada, and Utah.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Erigeron watsonii grows on rocky slopes in open areas featuring sagebrush or pine woodlands. It is a small perennial herb rarely more than 10 centimeters (4 inches) tall, producing a thin taproot and a branching woody caudex.

Erigeron ursinus is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name Bear River fleabane. It is native to the western United States, from Montana and Idaho south as far as Arizona and New Mexico.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Erigeron ursinus grows in sunny locations in sagebrush and in open coniferous woodlands. It is a small perennial herb rarely more than 8 centimeters (3.2 inches) tall, producing rhizomes and a branching underground caudex.

Solidago roanensis, the Roan Mountain goldenrod, is a North American species of goldenrod in the sunflower family. It is native to the eastern United States, primarily the Appalachian Mountains from Pennsylvania to Georgia, with some populations in the lowlands of South Carolina.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Solidago roanensis is perennial herb up to 100 cm (40 inches) tall with a branching underground caudex. One plant can produce as many as 250 small yellow flower heads in a long, narrow array.

Enceliopsis covillei is a perennial herb with erect stems varying in height from 15–100 cm (6-40 inches), growing from a tough, woody caudex. The silvery woolly leaves are up to 10 centimeters (4 inches) long by 8 wide and are spade-shaped to oval to diamond-shaped with winged petioles.Flora of North America, Panamint daisy, Enceliopsis covillei (A. Nelson) S. F. Blake The inflorescence is a large solitary flower head on an erect or leaning peduncle which may reach 100 cm (40 inches) tall.

Adansonia gregorii, commonly known as the boab, is a tree in the family Malvaceae. As with other baobabs, it is easily recognised by the swollen base of its trunk, which forms a massive caudex, giving the tree a bottle-like appearance. Endemic to Australia, boab occurs in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, and east into the Northern Territory. It is the only baobab to occur in Australia, the others being native to Madagascar (six species) and mainland Africa and the Arabian Peninsula (one species).

Silene parishii is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae known by the common name Parish's catchfly. It is endemic to southern California, where it is known from several of the local mountain ranges, including the San Bernardino, San Gabriel, and San Jacinto Mountains. It grows in rocky, forested habitat, sometimes in the alpine climates of the higher peaks. It is a perennial herb growing from a woody, branching caudex and taproot, sending up several decumbent or erect stems 10 to 40 centimetres tall.

Oenothera caespitosa at dusk, Convict Lake, Mono County CA Oenothera caespitosa, known commonly as tufted evening primrose, desert evening primrose, rock-rose evening primrose, or fragrant evening primrose, is a perennial plant of the genus Oenothera native to much of western and central North America. It produces a rosette of lobed or toothed leaves each up to 36 centimeters long around a woody caudex. It is normally night-blooming.The Xerces Society (2016), Gardening for Butterflies: How You Can Attract and Protect Beautiful, Beneficial Insects, Timber Press.

Askellia elegans (elegant hawksbeard) is a species of North American plants in the dandelion tribe within the sunflower family. It is native to central and western Canada (Yukon, Northwest Territories, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario) and the northwestern United States (Alaska, Montana, Wyoming).Biota of North America Program, 2014 state-level distribution map Askellia elegans is a perennial up to 30 cm (12 inches) tall, with a deep taproot and large underground caudex. Stems are sometimes erect, but sometimes trailing along the ground.

Zamia species often produce more than one cone close to the tip of the stem or at the terminal of the caudex where it intersects with the aboveground stem. The multiple cones of Z. floridana may develop through three methods: sympodium, forking of the bundle system, and adventitious buds. The most common form of development is the rapid formation of cone domes on the plant's sympodium, which is its main axis. More cones are present when there is a "branching" of the bundles to the cones.

New caudexes are generated each year by the current years plant and the old caudex withers away in the fall and early spring of the next year. In early spring plants grow, producing glabrous or glandular leaves. both basal and cauline leaves are produced that have long petioles. Leaf blades are 1-4×-ternately compound with leaflets reniform or cordate to obovate or orbiculate in shape. The leaflets are 10–45 mm wide with lobed margins often crenate, and the undersides are normally glabrous or glandular.

Packera clevelandii is an uncommon species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name Cleveland's ragwort. It is endemic to California, where it is known from only two small regions, a section of the North Coast Ranges around Napa County and a part of the Sierra Nevada foothills on the opposite side of the Sacramento Valley. The plant grows in shrubby chaparral, often on serpentine soils. It is a perennial herb producing one or more erect stems from a taproot and caudex unit, reaching up to a meter in maximum height.

Nothocalais troximoides is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name sagebrush false dandelion. It is native to western North America, including British Columbia and the northwestern United States, where it grows in sagebrush and other plateau and mountain habitat types. It is a perennial herb growing from a thick caudex and producing a woolly stem up to about tall. The leaves are located around the base of the stem and often have crinkled wavy edges, and sometimes a thin coat of small hairs.

Packera multilobata is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name lobeleaf groundsel. It is native to the western United States from California to Wyoming to New Mexico, where it is common and can be found in many habitat types. It is an annual or perennial herb producing a single stem or a cluster of several stems up to about half a meter tall from a taproot and branching caudex unit. The leaves are divided into several lobes, often so deeply that they look like separate leaflets.

Saussurea americana is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name American saw-wort. It is native to northwestern North America from Alaska to far northern California to Montana, where it grows in mountain habitat, such as meadows and forests. It is a perennial herb producing one or more hairy, glandular, erect stems up to a meter tall or more from a thick caudex. The lance-shaped leaves are up to 15 centimeters long and have toothed edges, especially the larger lower leaves.

Caudex, which is available at Google Fonts for embedding, claims to support most of MUFI 3.0, but is not listed on the MUFI homepage.Caudex source repositoryThe MUFI font page Alphabetum has an almost complete coverage of MUFI 2.0 and some coverage of version 3.0, in addition to a complete coverage of MUFI 1.0. TITUS Cyberbit covers all of MUFI 1.0 and includes some additional characters at different places, as it predates the MUFI project. There is a project to make available MUFI characters, including version 4.0 ones, in LaTeX.

Pedicularis contorta is a species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae known by the common names coiled lousewort and curved-beak lousewort. It is native to western North America, including southwestern Canada and the northwestern United States, where it grows in moist mountainous habitat, such as bogs, shady forests, and meadows. It is a perennial herb producing one or more stems up to tall from a caudex. The leaves are up to long, lance-shaped to oblong, and divided into many linear lobes which may be toothed or smooth-edged.

Pedicularis centranthera is a species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae known by the common names dwarf lousewort and Great Basin lousewort. It is native to the western United States from eastern Oregon and California to Colorado and New Mexico, where it grows in sagebrush and other basin and plateau habitat. It is a perennial herb producing several short stems a few centimeters tall from a basal caudex. The leaves are up to 20 centimeters long, lance-shaped and divided into many overlapping toothed, wrinkled, or fringed lobes.

Eriogonum tripodum is generally part of the serpentine soils flora. This is a spreading subshrub growing up to about half a meter tall and wide with mostly hairless flowering stems arising from a caudex. The base of the plant is covered in clusters of widely lance-shaped leaves which are woolly in texture, especially on the undersides. The inflorescence atop the stem is a head or umbel of bright yellow flowers, each of which is hairy and connected to the cluster by a very narrow base like a stalk.

Conicosia pugioniformis is a species of succulent plant in the ice plant family known by the common names narrow-leaved iceplant and pigroot. It is native to South Africa and it is known on other continents as an introduced species and sometimes a noxious weed. It is an invasive species on the Central Coast of California, where it is a minor threat to native coastal vegetation, although not as harmful as other species of invasive iceplant.California Invasive Plant Council This is a short-lived perennial herb growing from an underground caudex.

Botrychium minganense is a species of fern in the family Ophioglossaceae known by the common name Mingan moonwort. It is native to North America from Alaska and northern Canada to Arizona, where it is uncommon throughout most of its range, appearing at scattered spots in coniferous forests and marshy areas such as swamps. This is very small plant growing from an underground caudex and sending one thin leaf above the surface of the ground. The leaf is up to 10 centimeters tall and is divided into a sterile and a fertile part.

Botrychium montanum is a species of fern in the family Ophioglossaceae known by the common names western goblin and mountain moonwort. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to northern California to Montana, where it grows in the dark understory of coniferous forests and other moist wooded areas. This is very small plant growing from an underground caudex and sending one thin gray-green leaf above the surface of the ground. The leaf is less than 8 centimeters tall and is divided into a sterile and a fertile part.

Botrychium pinnatum is a species of fern in the family Ophioglossaceae, known by the common name northwestern moonwort. It is native to North America from Alaska to northern Canada and Greenland to California and Arizona, where it is generally scattered and uncommon, growing in coniferous forests and grassy meadows. This is very small plant growing from an underground caudex and sending one thin, shiny, green leaf above the surface of the ground. The leaf is less than 8 centimeters tall and is divided into a sterile and a fertile part.

In 265 BCE, the Mamertines who were occupying Messana were being threatened by Hiero II of Syracuse. Consequently, they sent appeals for assistance to Rome and Carthage.Adrian Goldsworthy, The Fall Of Carthage, Page 67 The Carthaginians were first to respond, dispatching a small force commanded by Hanno to occupy the citadel of Messana and patrol the strait of Messina.Ioannes Zonaras, An Epitome Of The Lost Books Of Dio, 11.8 The Roman consul Appius Claudius Caudex, desiring personal glory, persuaded the Roman People with promises of profit to vote in favour of intervening in Messana.

Claytonia nevadensis is a perennial herb growing from a network of fleshy rhizomes with a small horizontal caudex at ground level. It takes the form of a leafy clump with a stem no longer than about 10 centimeters. The thick red-green leaves are oval to spade-shaped and a few centimeters long, not counting the longer petiole of the most basal leaves. The inflorescence is a dense cluster of 2 to 8 flowers which nests in the clump of leaves or arises on a very short stalk.

It also uniquely possesses a perennial, branched caudex at its base. It is most similar morphologically to S. helvola, the differences being that S. helvola has a much thinner keel, curving away more from the banner petal throughout its length. Its leaf morphology can be highly variable, ranging from the highly lobed panduriform shape typical of Strophostyles helvola, to the thin, sericeous, lanceolate leaf typical of S. leiosperma. S. umbellata individuals tend to be scattered from one another, which, possibly combined with self-incompatibility, can contribute to their observed low pod set.

Erigeron purpuratus is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name purple fleabane. The species grows in Alaska (part of the United States) and Yukon (part of Canada).Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map Erigeron purpuratus is a perennial herb up to 14 centimeters (5.6 inches) tall, producing a large branching caudex that serves to spread the plant into clonal clumps. The plant generally produces only 1 flower head per stem, the bracts forming the sides of the head appearing purple.

Erigeron tenuis is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name slender-leaf fleabane. It is native to the south-central part of the United States from central Texas to the Florida Panhandle, north as far as Missouri and Kansas.Biota of North America Program, 2014 county distribution map Erigeron tenuis grows in pastures and open woodlands as well as on roadsides and in fence rows. It is an biennial or perennial herb up to 45 centimeters (17 inches) tall, producing unbranched underground caudex.

Erigeron tracyi is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name running fleabane. It is native to northern Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Sonora, Zacatecas) and the southwestern United States (Arizona, Colorado, Kansas, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Utah).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Erigeron tracyi grows in pastures and open woodlands as well as on roadsides and in fence rows. It is an biennial or perennial herb up to 45 centimeters (17 inches) tall, producing unbranched underground caudex.

Erigeron subglaber is a rare North American species of flowering plants in the daisy family known by the common name hairless fleabane. It has been found in the southern Rocky Mountains in the north-central part of the US state of New Mexico.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Erigeron subglaber grows in meadows in subalpine conifer forests, as well as on ridges and mountain peaks at high elevations. It is a very small perennial herb rarely more than 7 cm (2.8 inches) tall, producing a taproot and a woody caudex.

Erigeron tener is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name slender fleabane. It is native to the western United States, largely in the Great Basin, in the states of California, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, Oregon, Wyoming, Idaho, and Montana.Biota of North America Program, 2014 county distribution mapCalflora taxon report, University of California, Erigeron tener A. Gray, slender fleabane Erigeron tener grows in open, rocky habitats. It is a perennial herb up to 20 centimeters (8 inches) tall, producing a large taproot and a woody caudex.

Gentianella cerina has a thick trunk (caudex) which may be unbranched or branched and of a height from 110–200 mm. There are 3–12 flowering stems per plant (1.1–3.1 mm in diameter) and these may be terminal or lateral. The lateral flowering stems spread horizontally with the ends growing upwards (i.e., they are decumbent). The leaves are elliptic, 36.6–53.1 by 8.4–12.6 mm) and are flat, with thickened margins. The leaf apex is rounded and the distinct petiole is 11–13 mm by 4.7–6.3 mm.

Silene campanulata is a perennial herb growing up to 40 centimeters tall with many small shoots coming from a woody, branching caudex with a taproot. The erect stems are usually hairy and often have glandular, sticky patches on their upper parts. The leaves are up to 5 centimeters long by 3 wide, the lower ones lance-shaped to rounded, and the upper ones linear or oval. Nodding flowers occur in a terminal cyme at the top of the stem, as well as in some of the leaf axils.

Erigeron vreelandii is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common names sticky tall fleabane and Vreeland's erigeron. It grows in northwestern Mexico (state of Sonora) and in the southwestern United States (Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Erigeron vreelandii grows on rocky slopes in open areas in forests or woodlands dominated by pine, oak, or fir. It is a perennial herb up to 80 centimeters (32 inches) tall, producing a rhizomes and a branching woody caudex.

Solidago radula, the western rough goldenrod, is a North American plant species in the sunflower family. It is found primarily in the southern Great Plains and the Mississippi Valley of the United States (from Texas to Illinois), with isolated populations farther east in Kentucky, Georgia, and the Carolinas.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Solidago radula is a perennial herb up to 90 cm (3 feet) tall, with a caudex and rhizomes. Lower leaves can be up to 10 cm (4 inches) long, leaves higher on the stem much smaller.

Solidago spathulata, the coast goldenrod or dune goldenrod, is a North American species of goldenrod in the sunflower family. It is native to the Pacific Coastal regions of the United States, in the states of Oregon and California.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapCalflora taxon report, University of California, Solidago spathulata DC., Dune goldenrod Solidago spathulata is perennial herb up to 50 cm (20 inches) tall with a branching underground caudex. One plant can produce as many as 100 small yellow flower heads in a branching array.

Solidago sphacelata, commonly known as false goldenrod or autumn goldenrod, is a North American species of goldenrod in the sunflower family. It is native to the eastern United States from Virginia and the Carolinas west as far as Illinois and Mississippi.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Solidago sphacelata is a drought-tolerant, perennial herb up to 120 cm (4 feet) tall, with an underground caudex and rhizomes. One plant can produce as many as 250 small yellow flower heads in a large branching array at the top of the plant.

New Haven: Yale University Press. page 1. Herbaceous perennial and biennial plants may have stems that die at the end of the growing season, but parts of the plant survive under or close to the ground from season to season (for biennials, until the next growing season, when they flower and die). New growth develops from living tissues remaining on or under the ground, including roots, a caudex (a thickened portion of the stem at ground level) or various types of underground stems, such as bulbs, corms, stolons, rhizomes and tubers.

Solidago delicatula, commonly called Smooth elm-leaf goldenrod, is a North American species of flowering plants in the sunflower family. It is native to the southern Great Plains of the United States, in the states of Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Arkansas, and Louisiana.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Solidago delicatula is a perennial herb up to 120 cm (4 feet) tall with a woody underground caudex. One plant can produce as many as 480 small yellow flower heads in a large branched array at the top of the plant.

Solidago drummondii, commonly called Drummond's goldenrod, is a North American species of flowering plants in the sunflower family. It is native to the middle Mississippi Valley of the Central United States, primarily in Missouri and Arkansas but with additional populations in Louisiana and Illinois.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Solidago drummondii is a perennial herb up to 100 cm (40 inches) tall, with an underground caudex and rhizomes. One plant can produce 200 or more small yellow flower heads in a large branching (sometimes drooping) array at the top of the plant.

Eucephalus tomentellus is a North American species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name Brickellbush aster or rayless aster. It grows on openings in oak or conifer forests the Siskiyou Mountains of the US States of California and Oregon.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapCalflora taxon report, University of California, Eucephalus tomentellus (Greene) Greene, rayless aster Eucephalus tomentellus is a perennial herb up to 90 cm (3 feet) tall, with a woody caudex. Stems are covered with woolly or cottony hair.

Erigeron multiceps is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common names Kern River daisy and Kern River fleabane. It is endemic to California, where it is known mostly from the Kern Plateau in the southern High Sierra Nevada of eastern Tulare County. It is a perennial herb growing a hairy stem up to about 20 centimeters tall from a taproot and caudex. The base of the stem is surrounded by oblong leaves 2 to 5 centimeters long, and there are some smaller leaves along the length of the stem.

It is a perennial herb growing from a woody caudex and sending a slender, branching, hairy stem to a maximum height near 1.5 meters (5 feet). The mostly hairless leaves are generally oval and up to 10 centimeters (4 inches) long, with the lowest ones much reduced. The inflorescence holds several flower heads lined in keeled, pointed, hairy-edged phyllaries with purplish margins at the tips. Each head has 8-13 white to pinkish or light violet ray florets each up to 2 centimeters long, surrounding yellow disc florets.

Erigeron miser is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common names starved daisy or starved fleabane. It is endemic to California, where it is known only from the northern High Sierra Nevada.Calflora taxon report, University of California, Erigeron miser A. Gray, starved daisy, starved fleabane Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Erigeron miser grows in rock crevices in coniferous forests and talus. It is a perennial herb producing several decumbent or erect stems up to about 25 centimeters (10 inches) long from a woody caudex.

Erigeron austiniae is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name sagebrush fleabane. It is sometimes considered a variety of Erigeron chrysopsidis.Flora of North America It is native to the western United States from northeastern California to southwestern Idaho, where it grows in the sagebrush and juniper woodlands. It is a small, clumping perennial herb producing a hairy stem up to about 12 centimeters tall from a woody caudex and taproot surrounded by narrow linear to somewhat oval leaves up to 8 centimeters long.

Erigeron divergens is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name spreading fleabane. It is native to western North America, including the western half of the United States, British Columbia and Alberta in Canada, and Baja California, Chihuahua, Durango, Nuevo León,photo of herbarium specimen collected in Nuevo León in 1990 and Sonora in Mexico.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map This plant is highly variable in form. It is an annual or perennial herb growing from a taproot and sometimes a caudex.

In 264 BC, the Roman Senate voted to send an expedition to Sicily under the command of Appius Claudius Caudex, one of the consuls for that year. Whether the Centuriate Assembly of Rome formally declared war is disputed. Adrian Goldsworthy has maintained that it was highly unlikely, and that, although the Romans knew war with Syracuse was almost a certainty, they believed their military would deter or swiftly defeat any opposition in Sicily. The Romans intended to send two legions to Sicily in 262 BC, and were probably willing to negotiate peace with Carthage.

Erigeron blochmaniae is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common names Blochman's erigeron and Blochman's leafy daisy. Erigeron blochmaniae is endemic to California, where it is limited to the coastline of San Luis Obispo and northern Santa Barbara Counties.Calflora taxon report, University of California, Erigeron blochmaniae E. Greene It lives in sand dunes and coastal hillsides, habitat which is currently declining as it is claimed for development. Erigeron blochmaniae is a perennial herb growing from a stout woody caudex or rhizome and reaching heights of 40 to 80 centimeters (16-32 inches).

Erigeron rhizomatus is a perennial herb up to 45 cm (18 inches) tall, with a rhizome and large network of clumped, fibrous roots topped with a branching caudex. It produces one or more erect, rough-haired stems up to about 45 centimeters (18 inches) in maximum height. The leaves are lance-shaped near the base of the plant and much narrower and linear in shape toward the top of the stem. The inflorescence is usually a single flower head at the end of the stem with 25–45 white or purple-tinged ray florets each under a centimeter long.

Anemone tuberosa, the desert anemone or tuber anemone, is a herbaceous plant species in the genus Anemone and family Ranunculaceae. Plants grow 10 to 30, sometimes 40 cm tall, from a woody-like tuber shaped like a caudex. Plants with 1 to 3 basal leaves that are 1 or 2 times ternate. The basal leaves few with long petioles and deeply 3-parted with leaflets lacking stems or rarely with a stalk. Plants flowering early to late spring with the flowers composed of 8 to 10 sepals normally white or pink colored, 10 to 14 mm long.

Rhodiola integrifolia is a species of flowering plant in the stonecrop family known by the common names ledge stonecrop, western roseroot, and king's crown. It is native to north-easternmost Russia, including Kamchatka, and western North America, where it grows in mountainous habitat in subalpine and alpine climates, including meadows, cliffs, and talus. It is a perennial herb producing a stout stem from a fleshy, branching caudex, reaching a maximum height near 30 centimeters. The fleshy leaves are alternately arranged on the stem, widely lance-shaped to oval and pointed, flat but upcurved toward the tip, reaching 2.5 centimeters long.

Botrychium crenulatum is a species of fern in the family Ophioglossaceae known by the common names scalloped moonwort and dainty moonwort. It is native to North America from British Columbia to California to Wyoming, where it is uncommon throughout most of its range, appearing incidentally at scattered spots on wet meadows in coniferous forests and marshy areas such as swamps. This is very small plant growing from an underground caudex and sending one thin, shiny, yellow-green leaf above the surface of the ground. The leaf is up to about 6 centimeters tall and is divided into a sterile and a fertile part.

Erigeron speciosus is a widespread North American species of flowering plants in the daisy family known by the common names aspen fleabane, garden fleabane, and showy fleabane. It has been found in western Canada and the United States, from Alberta and British Columbia south as far as Arizona and New Mexico, with some isolated populations in the state of Baja California in Mexico.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Erigeron speciosus grows on in prairies and in open coniferous forests. It is a perennial herb up to 100 cm (40 inches) tall, producing underground rhizomes and a woody caudex.

Solidago squarrosa, commonly known as stout goldenrod, is a North American species of goldenrod in the sunflower family. It is native to Canada (Ontario, Québec, and New Brunswick) and the eastern United States (from Maine west to Indiana and south as far as Tennessee and the Carolinas).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Solidago squarrosa is a perennial herb up to 150 cm (5 feet) tall, with a branching underground caudex. Leaves are egg-shaped, up to 20 cm (8 inches) long near the base of the plant, shorter farther up the stem.

In 264 BC he again returned to the attack, and the Mamertines called in the aid of Rome."Hiero and Rome" from Polybius, Histories at Perseus Hiero at once joined the Punic leader Hanno, who had recently landed in Sicily; but fighting a battle to an inconclusive outcome with the Romans led by the consul Appius Claudius Caudex, he withdrew to Syracuse. Pressed by the Roman forces, in 263 he concluded a treaty with Rome, by which he was to rule over the south-east of Sicily and the eastern coast as far as Tauromenium.Polybius i.

Solidago tortifolia, commonly known as twistleaf goldenrod, is a North American species of goldenrod in the sunflower family. It is found in the eastern and southern United States, primarily along the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plain from Maryland to Texas.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Solidago tortifolia is a perennial herb up to 130 cm (52 inches or 4 1/3 feet) tall, with a woody underground caudex or rhizomes. One plant can produce as many as 300 small yellow flower heads in a large, branching array at the top of the plant.

Solidago spithamaea is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name Blue Ridge goldenrod. It is native to a very small region around the border between North Carolina and Tennessee in the United States.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Its three remaining populations are threatened by the loss and degradation of its habitat. It is a federally listed threatened species of the United States. Solidago spithamaea produces one or more stems from an underground rhizome and caudex, and it grows 10 to 40 centimeters (4-14 inches) tall.

Oligoneuron houghtonii is a perennial herb producing one or more erect stems up to 60 centimeters (2 feet) tall or more from a branching caudex covered with the remains of previous seasons' leaves. The leaves near the base of the plant are oval in shape and those higher on the stem are linear or lance- shaped and up to 17 or 18 centimeters (6.8-7.2 inches) in length. The inflorescence is an array of many flower heads each up to a centimeter long. The head contains 6 to 12 yellow ray florets surrounding several disc florets.

Crepis vesicaria is a European species of flowering plant in the daisy family with the common name beaked hawk's-beard.Altervista Flora Italiana, Radicchiella rosea, Beaked hawksbeard, Löwenzahn-Pippau, blåsfibbla, Crepis vesicaria L. includes photos and European distribution map It is native to the Western and Southern Europe from Ireland and Portugal east as far as Germany, Austria, and Greece. It became naturalized in scattered locations in North America.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Crepis vesicaria is an annual, biennial, or perennial herb up to 120 cm (48 inches or 4 feet) tall, producing a large underground caudex.

Rock fringe fringing granite, at near Forester Pass E. obcordatum: flowers with 4 heart-shaped petals and small oval leaves Epilobium obcordatum is a species of perennial plant in the evening-primrose family (Onagraceae), known by the common name rockfringe willowherb and rock fringe. It is native to the western United States from California to Idaho, where it is found in rocky mountainous areas, at altitudes of to . This small perennial is clumpy to mat- forming and spreads from a woody caudex, especially in nooks between rocks. It has stems lined with oval or rounded leaves which spread parallel to the ground or ascend somewhat.

Erigeron radicatus is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common names Hooker's fleabane and taproot fleabane The species grows in central Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan) and parts of the north-central United States, primarily the northern Rocky Mountains and the Black Hills. It has been found in Idaho, Montana, Utah, Wyoming, Colorado, Nebraska, and South Dakota, with a few isolated populations reported from North Dakota.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Erigeron radicatus is a small perennial herb up to 12 centimeters (4.8 inches) tall, producing a woody branching caudex. The plant generally produces only 1 flower head per stem.

Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapTurner Photographics, Wildflowers of the Pacific Northwest, Erigeron subtrinervis, Three-Nerved Daisy photos, description, distribution map for Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia Erigeron subtrinervis grows in openings and along roadsides in aspen groves and conifer forests, as well as on ridges and mountain peaks at high elevations. It is a perennial herb up to 90 cm (3 feet) tall, producing underground rhizomes and a woody caudex. The inflorescence generally contains 1-21 flower heads per stem, in a flat-topped array. Each head contains 100–150 purple or lavender ray florets surrounding many yellow disc florets.

Eucephalus paucicapitatus is a North American species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name Olympic Mountain aster. It grows on rocky slopes and in subalpine meadows at high elevations in and near Olympic National Park in the US State of Washington, and on Vancouver Island in the Canadian Province of British Columbia.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapTurner Photographics, Aster paucicapitatus - Wildflowers of the Pacific Northwest description, photo, distribution map Eucephalus paucicapitatus is a perennial herb up to 55 cm (22 inches) tall, with a woody caudex. One plant will usually produce 2-4 flower heads per stem.

Lewisia pygmaea is a species of flowering plant in the family Montiaceae known by the common name alpine lewisia and pygmy bitterroot. It is native to western North America from Alaska and Alberta to California and New Mexico, where it grows in many types of moist, rocky mountain habitat, such as gravel beds and sandy meadows. This is a highly variable species with a wide distribution, and it often hybridizes with other Lewisia species, making identification difficult. In general, this is a petite perennial herb growing from a taproot and caudex unit, and producing a basal rosette of several leaves 2 to 8 centimeters long.

Erigeron utahensis is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name Utah fleabane. Erigeron utahensis is native to the western United States in Arizona, Utah, western Colorado, northwestern New Mexico, and southeastern California (Providence Mountains inside Mojave National Preserve in San Bernardino County).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapCalflora taxon report, University of CaliforniaSEINet, Southwestern Biodiversity, Arizona Chapter, Erigeron utahensis A. Gray, Utah fleabane includes description, photos, distribution map Erigeron utahensis is a perennial herb up to 60 cm (2 feet) tall, growing from a stout taproot and a branching underground caudex. Its branching stem and leaves are covered in whitish hairs.

Two legions commanded by Caudex marched to Messana, where the Mamertines had expelled the Carthaginian garrison commanded by Hanno (no relation to Hanno the Great) and were besieged by both the Carthaginians and the Syracusans. The sources are unclear as to why, but first the Syracusans, and then the Carthaginians withdrew from the siege. The Romans marched south and in turn besieged Syracuse, but they had neither a strong enough force nor the secure supply lines to prosecute a successful siege, and soon withdrew. The Carthaginians' experience over the previous two centuries of warfare on Sicily was that decisive action was impossible; military efforts petered out after heavy losses and huge expense.

Early medieval bookcase containing about ten codices depicted in the Codex Amiatinus ( 700) In addition to the scroll, wax tablets were commonly used in Antiquity as a writing surface. Diptychs and later polyptych formats were often hinged together along one edge, analogous to the spine of modern books, as well as a folding concertina format. Such a set of simple wooden boards sewn together was called by the Romans a codex (pl. codices)—from the Latin word caudex, meaning "the trunk" of a tree, around the first century AD. Two ancient polyptychs, a pentaptych and octoptych, excavated at Herculaneum employed a unique connecting system that presages later sewing on thongs or cords.

Chamaenerion latifolium (formerly Epilobium latifolium, also called Chamerion latifolium) is a species of flowering plant in the evening primrose family known by the English common names dwarf fireweed and river beauty willowherb. It has a circumboreal distribution, appearing throughout the northern regions of the Northern Hemisphere, including subarctic and Arctic areas such as snowmelt-flooded gravel bars and talus, in a wide range of elevations.Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago This is a perennial herb growing in clumps of leaves variable in size, shape, and texture above a woody caudex. The leaves are 1 to 10 centimeters long, lance-shaped to oval, pointed or rounded at the tips, and hairy to hairless and waxy.

Erigeron vagus is a high-elevation species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common names rambling fleabane. Erigeron vagus is native to the peaks of the western United States where it lives on talus slopes, sometimes above the tree line but other times in open coniferous forests. It has been found in several locations isolated from each other, in eastern California (Sierra Nevada and White Mountains), southern Utah, southern Colorado, northeastern Nevada (Elko County), and northeastern Oregon (Wallowa Mountains).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapCalflora taxon report, University of California, Erigeron vagus Payson, rambling fleabane Erigeron vagus is a small perennial herb reaching a maximum height of about five centimeters (2 inches), forming a taproot and a branched underground caudex.

Appius Claudius Caudex (flourished 264 BC) was a patrician member of the Claudii. He was the younger brother of Appius Claudius Caecus through his father Gaius Claudius Crassus, and served as consul in 264 BC. In that year, he drew Rome into conflict with Carthage over possession of Sicily. In 265 BC, Hiero II of Syracuse had attacked Messana (modern Messina) in an attempt to capture it from the Mamertines, mercenaries from Campania who had taken it some years before. The Mamertines allied with a nearby Carthaginian fleet and held off the Syracusans, but when the Carthaginians did not leave, the Mamertines appealed to Rome in 264 BC. Some senators were opposed to helping them, but Appius Claudius persuaded the citizens to support them.

Ranunculus allenii grows to about in length, and is a perennial herb that is caespitose (grows in dense clumps). The roots are filiform (very thin in diameter), approximately 0.2 to 0.8 mm thick. Ranunculus allenii grows from a caudex (a thick short stem at ground level), with trichomes that either lay flat or spread out. Its basal leaves are mostly reniform (kidney shaped) and marcescent, while the cauline leaves (leaves of the stem) are linear and are positioned alternately. The petioles connecting the leaf blade to the stem are about 50 to 80 mm long. Leaf blades are flat, about 14 to 21 mm in length and 17 to 28 mm in width, and have a smooth surface on top but are pubescent beneath.

While details on these campaigns are scarce, there must also in these years have been extensive fighting between Rome and the Samnites, Lucanians and Bruttians. Roman victories against various combinations of these three peoples are recorded for every single year from 282 to 272 BC. In the years following the Pyrrhic War, Rome completed the conquest of Italy by subduing the Umbrians and Picentes in the north and the Sallentini and Messapii in the south-east. In 264 BC the consul Marcus Fulvius Flaccus put down a social uprising in the Etruscan city of Volsinii and reinstalled the old ruling families in power. That same year his colleague Appius Claudius Caudex led a Roman army across to Sicily, starting the First Punic War and a new phase in the history of the Roman Republic.

It continued subject to, or at least dependent on that people, till the First Punic War. In the first year of that war (264 BC) it was attacked by the consul Appius Claudius Caudex, but without success; but shortly after the inhabitants put the Carthaginian garrison to the sword, and declared for the alliance of Rome.Joannes Zonaras, Extracts of History, 8.9. They were in consequence besieged by a Carthaginian force, and were at one time reduced to great straits, but were relieved by the arrival of Gaius Duilius, after his naval victory in 260 BC. Segesta seems to have been one of the first of the Sicilian cities to set the example of defection from Carthage; on which account, as well as of their pretended Trojan descent, the inhabitants were treated with great distinction by the Romans.

The plants are dioecious, and the family Cycadaceae is unique among the cycads in not forming seed cones on female plants, but rather a group of leaf-like structures called megasporophylls each with seeds on the lower margins, and pollen cones or strobilus on male individuals. Cycas media megasporophylls with nearly-mature seeds on a wild plant in north Queensland, Australia Grove of Cycas media in north Queensland Cycas platyphylla in north Queensland with new flush of fronds during the rainy season, still with glaucous bloom The caudex is cylindrical, surrounded by the persistent petiole bases. Most species form distinct branched or unbranched trunks but in some species the main trunk can be subterranean with the leaf crown appearing to arise directly from the ground. There are two types of leaves - foliage leaves and scaly leaves.

A portion of the Fasti Capitolini, running from 264 to 172 BC. In the upper left corner are Appius Claudius Caudex and Marcus Fulvius Flaccus, consuls in 264, at the beginning of the First Punic War, and in the lower right are Gaius Popillius Laenas and Publius Aelius Ligus, the first pair of plebeian consuls, in 172. Due to the fragmentary condition of the Fasti Capitolini, it is not entirely certain whether they began with the first year of the Republic, or with the kings, as did the related Fasti Triumphales. The first year which is partially extant is 483 BC. The last surviving year is AD 13, and the fasti probably ended the following year. The extant years include the names of the consuls, who gave their names to each year, as well as consuls suffecti, who replaced those who resigned or died during their year of office.