But there was no sign that the reservoir had overtopped the dam itself.
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Four lagoons that receive hog waste failed, with nine others inundated and four overtopped.
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Under construction when Hurricane Matthew hit in 2016, waters overtopped it and triggered damaging flooding.
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Floodwaters overtopped a levee near Pocahontas, Arkansas and transportation is shut down in certain areas.
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Video clips show a Mississippi River levee in Myrtle Grove, Louisiana being overtopped by floodwater.
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Early last Thursday, floodwaters near Bartlett, Iowa, overtopped a levee north of David Lueth's house.
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Several parishes, including Terrebonne, Lafourche, Jefferson and St. Mary, got flooded when water overtopped levees Saturday.
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When they are breached or overtopped, Plaquemines fills up like a pair of long, skinny bathtubs.
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Even if the levees aren't overtopped by floodwater, their failure could inundate parts of the city.
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The city's levees are not expected to be overtopped, according to the US Army Corps of Engineers.
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But a levee in Terrebonne Parish was overtopped by water for part of the day, officials said.
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The improved levee worked this year, until it was finally overtopped by floodwaters that swamped Trantina's business.
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According to the US Geological Survey, six stream gauges set records and 50 stations were overtopped by floodwaters.
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Besides the levee near Dardanelle, one in Logan County along state Highway 25 has been overtopped, she said.
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In Logan County, the sheriff posted photos of a levee along Highway 309 that has overtopped due to flooding.
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San Jacinto River and Rail said it spilled a "foamy emulsion" when floodwaters overtopped the berms around its facility.
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The lake is also being overtopped from the north, and waters are flowing into other parts of the plant.
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Another 32 miles (52 km) of shoreline in Georgia and 77 miles (124 km) in South Carolina were overtopped.
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The Addicks Reservoir overtopped its dam Tuesday morning, cresting above its 108-foot lip and spilling into surrounding neighborhoods.
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Experts are worried that other levees along the Mississippi River could also be overtopped, since heavy rains are still to come.
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Whenever it overtopped its banks—something it used to do virtually every spring—the river cast its sediment across the plain.
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Two levees -- one of them in Logan County along state Highway 309 -- have overtopped so far, but none has failed, Daniel said.
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The Department of Environmental Quality reported Friday that six lagoons had structural damage, 23 were inundated by floods, and 31 had overtopped.
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In Cuba, Irma's storm surge overtopped the Havana seawall, while unrelenting rain turned the capital's streets into rivers, killing at least 280 people .
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Water had overtopped three levees in St. Mary Parish on Saturday, said David Naquin, the parish's director of homeland security and emergency preparedness.
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Officials warned that levees in Jefferson City could be overtopped, and flooding was possible on Thursday as floodwaters moved down the Missouri River.
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Rising waters have breached dams and overtopped levees, and pollution concerns are growing as hog waste and coal ash enters swollen rivers and lakes.
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A violent windstorm, a storm surge, and a high tide generated massive waves that overtopped the dikes defending the power plant, flooding the facility.
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The weather service also was expecting the water to stay below the river's levees, which haven't been overtopped in New Orleans since the early 1920s.
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The potential for disaster is greater when a levee is overtopped—or worse, breached—by tidal Lake Pontchartrain or the river, which bookend the city.
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At least 0003 levees have been breached or overtopped by rivers engorged with late-winter rains and snowmelt, according to the Army Corps of Engineers.
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The North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality told the Washington Post that lagoons filled with hog waste at several hog farms had been overtopped by floodwaters.
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There were at least five confirmed dam breaches and five unconfirmed in North Carolina, according to FEMA's tally Thursday morning, and even more state dams that overtopped.
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Levees were overtopped Saturday in Plaquemines Parish, southeast of New Orleans, where mandatory evacuations were put in place for residents of low-lying areas earlier this week.
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Levees along the river in Arkansas have worked so far -- water has overtopped two of them, but they have not failed, Arkansas emergency management spokeswoman Melody Daniel said.
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About 15 percent of Florida's Atlantic sand dunes were overtopped, less than the 24 percent the U.S. Geological Survey had forecast for worst-case waves and storm surge.
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By the numbers: As of noon on Thursday, the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality said 30 swine lagoons have overtopped, a number that more than doubled since Tuesday.
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"When the next one comes along bigger, they either fail or are overtopped again," said Nicholas Pinter, an expert on rivers and flooding at the University of California, Davis.
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Water had previously overtopped the dam separating the lake from the coal ash ponds for the L.V. Sutton Power Station, so the ash might now get into the river, AP said.
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Water had previously overtopped the dam that separates the lake from the coal ash ponds for the L.V. Sutton Power Station, so the ash might now get into the river, AP said.
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Then, as the water overtopped the dam's crest, the dam rapidly gave way, releasing up to 3.8 cubic miles of water, one of the largest known floods in the last 13,000 years.
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A back levee nearby along the Jefferson Lake Canal (which is part of a system controlled by the US Army Corps of Engineers) has also been overtopped, officials said during a press conference.
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As of noon on Tuesday, the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality said 4 hog lagoons had suffered structural damage, another 303 had discharged waste when they were overtopped and 9 had been inundated.
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A San Jacinto River and Rail spokesman said the plant had spilled a "foamy emulsion" when floodwaters overtopped the berms around its facility but its operators did not expect any health or environmental impacts.
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It made landfall again hours later, this time near Biloxi, with roaring wind and heavy rain, and dragged in flooding that overtopped Highway 2200 and poured into the bottom level of some parking garages.
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The Los Angeles basin was a seasonal wetland beset by tectonic forces, annually cleansed by hot wind and fire and overtopped by a smoggy inversion layer long before the Spaniards moved in on the Tongva.
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At some point in the Stack's development, it had overtopped that piece of furniture, whereupon it met a second tower of books, which, at some slightly later point, had begun growing up along the dresser's other side.
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The reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant automatically shut down in response to the earthquake, but the tsunami overtopped the plant's seawall, stalling the backup generators that were providing vital cooling to the idled reactors.
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Catastrophic flooding in Nebraska has wiped out roads, overtopped dams, and left at least a third of the Offutt Air Force Base submerged, highlighting the ongoing threat that extreme weather poses to both people's lives, and national security.
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In the case of the European floods, World Weather Attribution, which is coordinated by Climate Central, a climate-change research organization based in Princeton, N.J., released a report less than two weeks after the Seine and other rivers overtopped their banks.
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Floodwaters also had overtopped a steel retaining wall containing one of three large coal ash dumps lining the lakeshore, the company told the AP, adding that it cannot rule out that ash might be escaping and flowing into the Cape Fear river.
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At a stop by the Hope Mills Lake dam, engineer Shane Hennessey explained he was looking for three types of failure: structural (when the dam's concrete broke), hydrologic (when water overtopped the dam), or seepage (when water soaked the earthen sides of the dam).
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Slim and compact and not unhandsome in his dark suit, he was small—by the time Cecilia was thirteen, both his women overtopped him—with a neatly trimmed beard and brown eyes that were unexpectedly limpid and expressive, suggesting that he held back strong feeling.
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According to the United States Army Corps of Engineers, which oversees infrastructure on the Missouri River and some of its tributaries, at least 62 levees had been breached or overtopped in the Midwest in March, and hundreds of miles of levees had sustained damage.
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Last year, the overtopped dams, billowing sewage, and flooded homes in the wake of Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria showed that torrential rain can be devastating and fatal, especially in urban areas where concrete makes it harder for water to drain and where people can drown.
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The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, which built most of the region's flood defenses, has projected levees could be overtopped mostly in the southern end of Plaquemines Parish, the small strip of land that extends along the Mississippi as it ends in the Gulf of Mexico.
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Images of the flooded metropolises of Houston, Jacksonville, and San Juan with overtopped dams, billowing sewage, and flooded homes show that torrential rain can be one of the most devastating consequences of hurricanes, especially in urban areas where concrete makes it harder for water to drain and where people can drown.
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Boston, Lincolnshire had several defence walls overtopped or breached as the surge rose to levels above those seen in 1953; 800 homes across 55 streets in the town were flooded. The Borough released their CCTV footage of the defences overtopped. The Haven flooded the floor of St Botolph's Church, damaging maintenance equipment in the cellar. Homes undermined by the surge Hemsby Norfolk In Norfolk the lifeboat station at Wells-next-the-sea was flooded.
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The Wisconsin ice sheet advanced roughly to the Lake Shelbyville Dam, forming a terminal moraine. The meltwater overtopped the moraine, forming the modern Kaskaskia River, which flowed on through land of older Illinoian Stage.
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The year 1938 saw major flooding and sediment deposition along the river. As a result of the 2007 Midwest flooding, the river overtopped its dikes, flooding the town of Elba on August 18, 2007.
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In one hypothesis water from the Colorado River backed up behind the dams in large lakes that extended as far as Moab, Utah. Dams were overtopped in short time; those that were high were overtopped by their lakes in 2 to 17 days. At the same time, sediment filled the lakes behind the dams. Sediment would fill a lake behind a -high dam in 10.33 months, filled a lake behind an -high dam in 345 years, and filled the lake behind the tallest dam in 3000 years.
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It appeared as if the entire dam was overtopped and breached. Flooding happened downstream and the dam then part of Madurai district and Tiruchirappalli district with many lives lost downstream mostly in present-day Aravakuruchi taluk.
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The March 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster was caused by a tsunami wave high that overtopped the plant's high seawall. Despite its defenses, the Hamaoka plant has been shut down since May 2011 to avoid a similar disaster.
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In the aftermath of Cyclone Debbie in March 2017, Northern NSW was again badly affected by flooding. Lismore was the worst affected with up to through all CBD businesses. Wilsons River reached and the levee, finished in 2005, was overtopped.
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Wilsons River reached and the levee was overtopped for the first time since its completion. A budget of $8.2 million for additional flood mitigation works was announced in November 2018. A summary of Lismore flood events from 1870 to 2017 is available here.
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30 people died when Roanu hit the county, most of them died when the cyclone's storm surge overtopped dams. Around 40,000 homesteads and business houses were damaged. The storm disrupted electricity supply and road communications in the areas. Food storage, seasonal crops were damaged.
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Damage in Flagler Beach reached about $34 million. Storm surge also overtopped the seawall in Palm Coast. Two homes were destroyed in Palm Coast, with one by a fire started during the storm. Additionally, seven homes had major damage and 129 received minor damage.
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When upstream lakes are full, minor and moderate releases are accomplished via floodgates at either end of the dam. The dam is designed to be overtopped by major releases, which can occur every 10 to 40 years. The dam is long, high. Its volume is .
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The staff then opted for the manual operation of shutters. In spite of all efforts, water eventually overtopped the embankment. Water gushed over the rear slopes, as a cascade of water was eroding the slopes. Breaches of length 20 m to 200 m were observed.
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Hana Airport and Haiku both observed approximately of rain. The rainfall aided firefighters in containing the brushfires. Multiple landslides occurred along the Hana and Kahekili highways. A bridge along the former near Keʻanae was overtopped by of water, damaging a parapet and part of the foundation.
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The flooding affected Saskatchewan and North Dakota; notably in Minot, where it overtopped levees and caused the evacuation of about 11,000 residents. The flooding in Minot was worse than the 1969 and 1881 floods; many other towns along the river were affected and many acres of farmland were inundated.
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Etna was not worked after 1919. According to a contemporaneous source, on November 18, 1918, a rise in the water level of the Lewis River at Woodland resulted in the sinking of Etna. The steamer was anchored behind a jetty. The water overtopped the jetty, carrying sawlogs with it.
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Waves overtopped the levees, flooding army camps along the coast. On September 18, two schooners were capsized in the Lower Potomac River. Crops were also destroyed in the area, while a railroad bridge was carried away. A ship was demasted off Cove Point in Chesapeake Bay on September 18.
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Thirty-one deaths occurred in Guatemala. In Mexico, more than 42,000 people were forced to evacuate as rivers overtopped their banks in Campeche and Tabasco, while an estimated 100,000 people evacuated due to the storm. (Accessed through LexisNexis) Around 500,000 acres of crops had been destroyed by the floods.
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Ships beached in Gulfport, Mississippi. In Mississippi, Camille was significantly worse than Hurricane Betsy and a September 1947 hurricane. Electricity went out during Camille's approach to the Mississippi coastline. United States Highway 90 flooded as a large storm surge overtopped seawalls, leaving a barge along the highway in Gulfport.
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Fragments of the fronds are the most frequently found fossils of the Medullosales, and they have been widely used for biostratigraphy and biogeographical studies. Most are characterised by a major fork of the main rachis in the lower (proximal) part of the frond. Each branch produced by the fork has an essentially pinnate appearance, superficially resembling the fronds of many ferns, but it is now thought that they in fact consist of a series of more or less overtopped dichotomies. Only one group of fronds, known as parispermacean fronds (fossil genera Paripteris and Linopteris), lacked this major dichotomy although they were still thought to have been constructed from a series of overtopped dichotomies.
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It generally increases in height faster than the pines on the adjacent upland. However, if loblolly-bay is overtopped, older trees will lose their characteristic conical shape and the crown will break up. Damaging agents- Only two symptoms of insects or pathogens have been observed locally. Neither causal agent was identified.
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At Ostrica Lock, the storm tide reached . Extensive coastal erosion was caused by the cyclone across the Mississippi Delta. In New Orleans, Louisiana, about were flooded as portions of the seawall were overtopped. Cattle drowned across the region, and crops such as citrus, sugar cane, and pecan were heavily damaged.
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Sand Island is an island in Grays Harbor, in the U.S. state of Washington. The entire island is occupied by Sand Island Natural Area Preserve, a protected area under the State Department of Natural Resources' Washington Natural Areas Program. The small sandy island is seasonally overtopped by the salt waters of the harbor.
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Dubuque was not as severely affected as other Iowa cities. Over the course of the flood, Dubuque experienced only occasional flash flooding on the Little Maquoketa River or Catfish Creek. Lock and Dam No. 11 had its floodgates opened by the Army Corps to prevent the dam being overtopped by flood stage waters.
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Historically, the Skagit tidal estuary had beaver dams in the myrtle zone. These were overtopped at high tide, but at low tide their ponds nurtured juvenile salmon. The Skagit River basin provides habitat for a diverse set of animals. For more information about these animals, see List of Wildlife of the Skagit River Basin.
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Some roads were submerged, including the A370 portion of the Trans-Siberian Highway between Khabarovsk and Vladivostok; the highway was temporarily shut down in this location. A bridge near Krounovka was overtopped by a swollen river, isolating the village. A temporary boat crossing was established to ferry residents. Eighteen tourists became stranded in Yezhovaya Bay due to flooded roads.
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Water washed up along the side of roads and in wooded areas, while many trees were toppled. The storm also contributed to ongoing flooding in the Southeastern United States onset by the previous hurricane. In Georgia, hydroelectric dams in Quitman were overtopped by creeks and rivers. One highway was completely submerged and four bridges were swept away.
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In Tututepec, a 56-year- old man drowned after getting caught in river currents. Multiple rivers in the state overtopped their banks and inundated nearby communities. A landslide in Santiago Choapam destroyed three homes. A drainage ditch emptying into the Chahué Bay overflowed, flooding at least 80 homes and businesses; a portion of the ditch also collapsed.
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Buildings that had stood for 60–70 years were destroyed. Rural parts of the island experienced significant damage. Similar seas were reported on the evening of October 8 at Basseterre in Saint Kitts, where waves overtopped the island's seawall. Strong winds swept over eastern Puerto Rico on October 9 as the hurricane passed to the east.
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Water eventually overtopped the dam, causing a long portion of the embankment and roadway to erode away and the lake to empty. Around 8,000 people in downstream areas like Hopkinton and Monticello had to be evacuated. The breach caused damage estimated in the millions of dollars thus far. In Monticello, 50 homes and 20 businesses received major flood damage among other damaged structures.
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Pin oak is classed as intolerant of shade. It is less tolerant than elm, boxelder (Acer negundo), sweetgum, hackberry (Celtis occidentalis), and ash, but is more tolerant than eastern cottonwood and black willow. Pin oak usually grows in even-aged stands of dominant and co-dominant trees. Intermediate and suppressed trees in such stands usually die within a few years of being overtopped.
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This form resembles that found in the far south of the South Island, suggesting that they are both adapted to cold conditions. Cordyline australis is a light-demanding pioneer species, and seedlings die when overtopped by other trees. To grow well, young plants require open space so they are not shaded out by other vegetation. Another requirement is water during the seedling stage.
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About 9000 years ago, that last divide was overtopped / dissected. Man was already resident in the area when these events happened. Since 7500 years ago the situation of tides, currents and land-forms has resembled the present. Rates of sea level rise dropped such that natural sedimentation by the Rhine and coastal processes widely compensate for transgression by the sea.
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May 2020 floods viewed from space. On May 19, 2020, the Edenville Dam failed, followed by the Sanford Dam downstream being overtopped and a dike breaking at Poseyville, resulting in major flooding in Midland County. 10,000 people were evacuated including a seniors home and a few hospital patients. Two emergency shelters had to be relocated due to flooding and electrical power losses.
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Hat Chom Dao or Kaeng Chom Dao () is a Thai tourist attraction. It sits on the Mekong River in Tambon Na Tan, Na Tan District, Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand. It is a rock formation, which is overtopped by the river during high tide but becomes accessible during the dry season. Tourists are attracted by the area because of its beautiful shape.
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Along coastal areas of the peninsula, large swells damaged buildings, prompting the evacuation of 380 people in Manaure. Roughly 70 percent of Tucurinca flooded when the Magdalena River overtopped its banks; a nearby bridge collapsed, isolating some communities. Approximately 73,000 people were affected by the floods. The dangerous conditions produced by Matthew prevented thousands of people from voting in a peace agreement referendum.
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The Cascade Crest Montane Forest ecoregion consists of an undulating plateau punctuated by volcanic buttes and cones that reach a maximum elevation of about . Volcanism in the Pliocene epoch overtopped the existing Miocene volcanics of the Western Cascades Montane Highlands. Later, Pleistocene glaciation left numerous rock- basin lakes throughout the plateau. Sinuous, medium gradient streams cross the subdued, glaciated terrain.
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Sardis Lake has a maximum storage capacity of of water. The lake is gradually drawn down during the fall and winter months to a "conservation pool" of . This permits spring rains across the lake's watershed to fill the reservoir without flooding downstream. Since the dam became operational, the dam's emergency spillway has been overtopped only three times by high water - in 1973, 1983 and 1991.
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In spite of this, flooding overtopped levees and created problems in north St. Louis along the riverfront. It was also during 1943 that St. Louis Mayor William D. Becker and ten others were killed in a glider accident that resulted from a wing strut support failure.Burnett (1987), 87. Becker's replacement, Aloys Kaufmann, was the last Republican elected mayor through the reelection of Francis G. Slay in 2009.
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In Havana, of rain fell on October 20. A tidal wave overtopped the Malecón - a seawall built in 1900 by Leonard Wood to project the city - causing much of the damage. The seawall instead prevented water from flowing back into the Straits of Florida. Densely-population low-lying sections of the city were inundated, with water reaching several meters high up to three to four streets inland.
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The surge caused the Tyne in Newcastle to breach its banks. The Tees overtopped its estuary into the village of Port Clarance (north) causing a mass-blackout opposite, in Middlesbrough. It breached a sea wall on Greatham Creek alongside Billingham docks, later repaired using RAF Chinook helicopters. Floods in Whitby just south of that region saw an electrical substation short out or 'explode' and flooded 200 homes.
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The storm affected an estimated of roadways impacted, with about of highway completely washed out. Three bridges collapsed, while 10 others sustained damage. The increasing height and volume of the Bluefields River led to debris flow and created a colluvium - an unconsolidated deposit of sediments - near the mouth of the river. In the valley areas, temporary lakes were formed and small dams were overtopped.
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A storm surge up to 7 ft (2.0 m) above the astronomical tide hit the coast of Bangladesh at afternoon. The cyclone approached the land over the coast at Sandwip, Hatia, Kutubdia, Sitakundu and Feni. The cyclone caused at least 26 deaths in seven districts across the country. 30 people died when Roanu hit the county, most of them died when the cyclone's storm surge overtopped dams.
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Empty reservoir and dam after collapse On 11 March 2011, the dam failed 20 to 25 minutes after the Tōhoku earthquake as the nearly full reservoir overtopped the dam's crest. Locals reported hearing a loud burst before seeing a flood. The flood washed away five houses while damaging others, disabling a bridge and blocked roads with debris. Eight people were missing and four bodies were discovered after searches began at dawn.
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A tide station in Amerada Pass recorded a high tide, but the station had been recording higher than normal tides due to high runoff from the Mississippi River. On the southern shore of Lake Pontchartrain, the storm surge reached . Flooding also occurred on the banks of the Atchafalaya River in Morgan City. The Lower Dularge East Levee in Terrebonne Parish was overtopped, prompting a mandatory evacuation for nearby areas.
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The river level backed up behind an old mill dam, which produced a shallowly-sloping pool that overtopped a sand and gravel quarry, connected with a downstream section of channel, and cut a new shorter channel at 25–50 meters per hour. Sediment mobilised by this erosional avulsion produced a depositionally-forced meander cutoff further downstream by superelevating the bed around the meander bend to nearly the level of the floodplain.
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On the same the Yorkshire coast Scarborough and Bridlington had some flooding. Defences overtopped at Victoria Dock, Hull Around the Humber Estuary, Spurn Point nature reserve was closed in readiness. In Cleethorpes the promenade saw mild flooding and nearby holiday parks suffered damage. In adjoining Grimsby water overwhelmed the dock gates, partly drained in readiness, the water was able to be contained, and did not flood into the town.
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Heavy rains from the outer bands of Hurricane Gilbert triggered significant flooding in the Dominican Republic and Haiti. At least nine people perished in the Dominican Republic as many rivers, including the Yuna, overtopped their banks. The main electrical relay station in Santo Domingo was damaged by the storm, causing a temporary blackout for much of the city. Losses in the country were estimated in the millions of dollars.
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Parts of Interstate 44 in Missouri were closed after the interstate began to flood. Route 141 was closed at Interstate 44 well into the week of May 7-13 due to the floodwaters overtopping the low- lying intersection. This was the second occurrence of this thoroughfare's extended closure since December 2015. Seven levees on the Missouri River were overtopped by water, while another seven levees have been breached altogether.
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As noted above, rains in South Dakota contributed to flooding downstream. In June, flooding occurred along the Black River in Wisconsin, with flooding also starting to occur along the Mississippi, Missouri, and Kansas rivers. Starting as early as June 7, reports of levees being overtopped and levee breaks became common. These breaches acted to delay the flood crests, temporarily storing excess water in the adjacent lowlands, but the rain kept falling.
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Although Opal was only a weak tropical storm when it affected the Yucatán Peninsula, its slow movement led to prolonged, flooding rains over much of the region. Tabasco received about 20 percent of its annual rainfall in four days. (Accessed through LexisNexis) Across Campeche and Tabasco, more than 42,000 people were forced to evacuate as rivers overtopped their banks. According to Notimex, an estimated 100,000 people evacuated due to the storm.
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The Jersey barriers were overtopped by the mudflow and the potable water system was damaged. Further stabilization took place, and grass was seeded on of BLM land above the flood site. The tribe's first contact with European colonizers was Spanish missionaries beginning in 1776, followed by fur trappers and Jedediah Smith. Spanish slave traders began abducting women in the 1830s, but regular contact didn't occur until Mormon settlers arrived in 1847.
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Building roadway toward 17th Street Canal breach. (USACE) The breach at the 17th Street Canal Levee, a levee-floodwall combination, was found to be about 300 feet (100 m) long. The Corps began operating on an initial hypothesis that the force of the water overtopped the floodwall and scoured the structure from behind and then moved the levee wall horizontally about . This hypothesis was later refuted by eyewitnesses.
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It was still believed that water overtopped the floodwall, scoured the structure, and then moved the structure 20 feet (6 m) horizontally. Work continued on nearby waterways, including several locks which were closed. Use of some of the locks required raising bridges. The Industrial Canal Lock needed repair, and its lockmaster raised the St. Claude Avenue bridge, but lowered it because of hostility from civilians wanting to cross on both sides.
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Because the material forming the dam consisted of soft volcanic debris and ash, it would erode quickly if overtopped, causing serious flooding downstream. Map showing lakes and other features in the Mount St. Helens area affected by the eruption. West is up. In early 1981, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers excavated a spillway and outlet channel for the lake, stabilizing it at above sea level with a volume of .
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The waters came within five feet of overtopping the East St. Louis levee. If they had run over, they would have flooded 71,000 acres (290 km²) and destroyed this urban industrial area. More than nine feet of floodwater covered the town of Kaskaskia in 1993 after it overtopped the levee; only the spire of the Catholic church and roof of a nearby shrine rose far above the waters.
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On St. Vincent heavy rains caused landslides and flooding across the island. One person was killed in the town of Layou when a boulder broke loose. In nearby Buccament Bay, a river overtopped its banks, prompting at least 25 people to evacuate to emergency shelters. The Hermitage River rose by at least in one hour, and as a precautionary measure, the Central Water and Sewage Authority shut off all water service.
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Colobanthus muscoides is a perennial herb that forms a dense mat or cushion up to 250 mm thick and sometimes up to several metres across. The slender, freely branching stems have adventitious roots. The leaves are linear and fleshy, 3–5 mm long and 0.8–1 mm wide. The flowers occur at the ends of short shoots in the upper leaf axils, with both flowers and fruits overtopped by the leaves.
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High waves pounded the southeast coast, heavily damaging beachfront structures, washing out much of the coastal highway, and piling deep sand drifts on nearby grounds. In the Everglades, many cattle were drowned and the dike on Lake Okeechobee nearly overtopped. Off the west coast, the storm caused a ship to get lost and another to sink. In all, the storm claimed 17 lives and caused $31.6 million in damage.
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Flooding in King's Park, in Retford as a result of the River Idle overtopping its banks, taken on 27 June On 27 June 2007, flash flooding caused extensive damage to the villages of Lambley, Woodborough and Burton Joyce. Major towns were hit including Mansfield and Hucknall but not as severely as Lambley. The same day, flooding occurred at Retford and Worksop after the River Idle and River Ryton respectively overtopped their banks.
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Late in the day, Dale passed south of Guam bringing winds as high as and high seas which overtopped cliffs high. Damage on the island totaled US$3.5 million (1996 dollars.) Continuing to intensify, Dale became a supertyphoon in the Philippine Sea on November 9. On November 10, Dale turned north, recurving east of the Philippines. On November 14, Dale accelerated east-northeast at more than as it became an extratropical cyclone.
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It was stated in a statutory report, under the Reservoir Safety Act 1975, dated 12 June, that all five reservoirs could be overtopped during a Probable Maximum Flood. Woodhead, as the fountainhead, would require the most extensive improvements, but Torside needed crest remedial work. The wave wall was demolished and replaced with one above the overflow sill. The claycore was extended to above overflow sill and the road level was raised to .
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At that time, the lake surface was at an elevation near . The lake drained sometime in the last 100,000 years after it overtopped the southern rim of the caldera, eroded the sill, and created the Owens River Gorge. A human-made dam in the gorge has created Lake Crowley, a partial restoration of the original lake. Since the great eruption, many hot springs developed in the area, and the resurgent dome has uplifted.
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Blocked by an ice sheet to the north, the lake water rose until about 9,700 years Before Present (BP), when it overtopped the Big Stone Moraine, a ridge of glacial drift left by the receding glacier, at the location of Browns Valley, Minnesota. The lake's outflow was catastrophic at times,Fisher, River Warren Boulders , pp. 348, 350. creating a wide valley to Saint Paul, where the massive River Warren Falls once graced the landscape.
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The strong storm surge inundated areas of lower Louisiana. Areas of Plaquemines Parish were estimated to have been submerged under as much as of water, based on pressure sensors from the United States Geological Survey. In eastern areas of the parish, water had accumulated from Breton Sound against a levee. The rising water levels later overtopped the levee height, causing it to overflow and inundate primarily uninhabited areas between Braithwaite and Belair.
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Construction of Tharwa Bridge 1893 The bridge was opened on 27 March 1895, and a public holiday was declared in the region. A parade was held in Tharwa and 1500 people watched Mrs Elizabeth McKeahnie (the oldest resident of the area) open the bridge. The deck level of the bridge was based on the highest recorded flood level prior to building the bridge. A flood has not overtopped the bridge since construction.
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The natural summit of Hensbarrow Beacon is 312m high and is marked by a trig point.Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger map series. It can be reached by a short walk from the road to the west. However, the summit is overtopped by several large spoil heaps from the nearby china clay workings, the highest of which rises to 355 m, therefore creating an 'artificial' summit 43 metres higher than the natural one.
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The Des Moines Water Works was submerged by floodwaters during the early morning hours of July 11, 1993, leaving an estimated 250,000 people without running water for 12 days and without drinking water for 20 days. Des Moines suffered major flooding again in June 2008 with a major levee breach. The Des Moines river is controlled upstream by Saylorville Reservoir. In both 1993 and 2008, the flooding river overtopped the reservoir spillway.
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An auxiliary spillway releases flow in excess of the capacity of the service spillway. An emergency spillway is designed for extreme conditions, such as a serious malfunction of the service spillway. A fuse plug spillway is a low embankment designed to be overtopped and washed away in the event of a large flood. The elements of a fuse plug are independent free-standing blocks, set side by side which work without any remote control.
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There, the river swept up entire houses, causing portions of U.S. Route 29 to close, and ruining about $8 million worth of tobacco. In Richmond, the James River rose to on November 7, the second-highest peak on record after the set by Hurricane Agnes in 1972. The floods in Richmond closed a portion of Interstate 95, and nearly overtopped the 14th Street Bridge. Three bridges were closed, resulting in heavy traffic due to detours.
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In 1915 and again in 1947, devastating hurricanes struck the New Orleans area, causing millions of dollars in property damage and killing hundreds of residents. Water overtopped and breached the levees along the outfall canals and the Sewerage and Water Board and the Orleans Levee District raised the levees an estimated three feet after those hurricanes. However, some of these levees had subsided by as much as during their nearly 100-year existence.
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The complex was later transferred to the Saint Louis Power Company. Today it is owned by Minnesota Power, a division of Allete, Inc. Heavy rains in June 2012 created an historic flood in the region which overtopped the dam, breached the forebay canal and severely damaged the hydroelectric station. Following $90 million in reconstruction and upgrades, including the addition of a new emergency spillway, the facility came back online in November, 2014.
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The walls deflected the lava flow southwards and after surrounding the Castello Ursino on 23 April, the lava flow began entering the Ionian Sea as a -wide flow front. The city walls resisted the advancing lava for 15 days. Beginning on 30 April, some flows overtopped the walls and penetrated Catania, pushing aside weaker buildings and burying sturdier ones but did not cause much damage. Inside the city the flows advanced about .
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On 9 October 1963 at 10:35 pm, heavy rainfall and the 3rd drawing of the Vajont Dam triggered a landslide. It was of rock, forest and earth that slid into the Vajont Dam at . This then caused a high tsunami that overtopped the dam and flooded Castellavazzo and other villages such as Longarone, Pirago, Rivalta, Villanova, Faè, Erto e Casso and Codissago. There was also damage caused by air being displaced from the wave.
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Tous () is a municipality in the Valencian Community, in the province of Valencia. The town is notable for the dam failure which occurred in 1982, when an unusually severe rainfall swelled the river Jucar, breaking the Tous Dam. The dam operator was unable to open the spillway gate, and the water overtopped the dam, which then failed, provoking a flood of 16,000 m3/s and more than 30 casualties. The flood was called La Pantanada.
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Killinaboy lies several metres above the present-day lake level, but Cahir Rock cannot have been overtopped by Inchiquin Lough because its upper surface is etched with rillenkarren, which are a sub-aerial solutional landform It has been pointed out that mushroom-shaped rocks close-to and far-from lakes in Ireland are similarly- shaped, thus the obvious question of whether all of Ireland's mushroom-shaped rocks have developed in a sub-soil environment remains.
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The water released from the reservoir flooded downstream, and overtopped the Coedty Dam, an embankment dam. This dam also subsequently failed, releasing the huge volume of water that flooded Dolgarrog. Many more villagers could have been killed had they not been in the local theatre watching a film that night. The disaster at Dolgarrog led the British parliament to pass the Reservoirs (Safety Provisions) Act in 1930, which introduced laws on the safety of reservoirs.
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The dam helps protect the Bagnes and Rhône river valleys from glacial lake outburst floods such as ones that occurred in 1595 and 1818. During the 1960s and 1970s, Giétro Glacier adjacent to Lac de Mauvoisin threatened to produce icefalls, which could have overtopped the dam. Giétro has retreated since 1980, eliminating the threat of such an event. The dam also traps about of sediment each year, helping to extend the life of downstream hydroelectric plants.
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The Bishop tuff is thousands of feet thick and is cut by the Owens River Gorge, formed during the Pleistocene when the caldera filled with water and overtopped its rim. The rim of the caldera is formed from pre-existing rock, rising about above the caldera floor. However, the eastern rim is lower, only about . Mammoth Mountain is a lava dome complex west of the structural rim of the caldera, consisting of about 12 rhyodacite and dacite overlapping domes.
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The Pioneer River in Mackay and the Don River in Bowen both experienced severe flooding; the latter overtopped a bridge by , while at one point the former was well above flood stage and rising by per hour. A shopping centre in Mackay was flooded to a depth of one meter. Some waterways approached all-time record levels, with one creek north of Proserpine swelling to across. Many farms were inundated by floodwaters, losing livestock, machinery, and crops.
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In the Swale district of Kent the tidal defences along the western marshes (Barksore, Chetney and Horsham) were overtopped, along with the defences north of Faversham. In addition the tidal defences around the Isle of Harty were breached resulting in flooding around the Isle. The sea defences were breached east of The Lilies (NE of Sittingbourne) with flooding occurring along Conyer Creek. Flooding also occurred further up Faversham Creek, but this was considered to be fluvial.
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The q-factor for these species is 1.2 because of their tolerance. So the number of trees in the size class would be 7 trees. A cutting cycle of 20 years is recommended to ensure the stand is following the ideal stocking curve for western red cedar and western hemlock. Western Redcedar can tolerate mixed- species conditions in the understory and is often overtopped by species such as Douglas-fir, Western White Pine and Western Hemlock (Minore, 1990).
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Approximately 1/3 of the Caraballeda fan was inundated by debris flows, and the entire fan is built of past debris flow deposits. The floods and debris flows of 1999 did not follow the eastern channel on Caraballeda. This channel, formed during the 1951 floods, had been lined with concrete and designed to safely transport the flows into the sea. Instead, the debris flows overwhelmed the channel and the flows overtopped the banks wherever the channel changed direction.
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Blocky andesite lava then flowed from St. Helens' summit crater down the volcano's southeast flank. Later, pyroclastic flows raced down over the andesite lava and into the Kalama River valley. It ended with the emplacement of a dacite dome several hundred feet (~200 m) high at the volcano's summit, which filled and overtopped an explosion crater already at the summit. Large parts of the dome's sides broke away and mantled parts of the volcano's cone with talus.
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The Amite River crested at nearly above the previous record in Denham Springs. Nearly one-third of all homes—approximately 15,000 structures—in Ascension Parish were flooded after a levee along the Amite River was overtopped. Water levels began to slowly recede by August 15, though large swaths of land remained submerged. Livingston Parish was one the hardest hit areas; an official estimated that 75 percent of the homes in the parish were a "total loss".
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By 15 June, towns and villages in North Yorkshire were flooded, with Knaresborough, Harrogate and York being particularly affected. In Scarborough, the main A171 Scalby Road flooded outside Scarborough Hospital, and the ornamental lake at Peasholm Park overtopped its banks and poured down Peasholm Gap into North Bay. Near Catterick, North Yorkshire, a 17-year-old soldier on a training exercise from Catterick Garrison died after being swept away whilst crossing Risedale Beck, Hipswell Moor. On 23 June, flooding affected Middlesbrough.
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Most of the greater Sacramento area would be inundated; Nimbus Dam would be overtopped by of water and the California State Capitol would be under of water. An earlier study in 1975 predicted that a failure of Folsom Dam alone would result in over 250,000 deaths. If Auburn were to fail at full capacity, the resulting flood would be over three times larger, and cause even greater damage, inundating land for miles on either side of the American and Sacramento rivers.
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A case was reported from New South Wales in 1970 in which two crossbred ewes died, apparently as a result of consuming this plant. The animals had been left to graze in a paddock of Wimmera ryegrass heavily infested with Nicandra physalodes plants of around 60 cm in height, such that they overtopped the grass. Both ewes died, with symptoms of bloat within 12 hours. At necropsy there were extensive hemorrhages in heart and lungs, but no other apparent abnormalities.
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Many of these were overtopped, washed out, or skirted by the outburst flood originating from ancestral Lake Bonneville.Harold E. Malde, The Catastrophic Late Pleistocene Bonneville Flood in the Snake River Plain, Idaho Many other examples exist globally including, Caburgua Lake in Chile, Mývatn in Iceland and Lake Reporoa in New Zealand.V. Manville, Sedimentology and history of Lake Reporoa: an ephemeral supra-ignimbrite lake, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. In Volcaniclastic sedimentation in lacustrine settings, James D. L. White, Nancy R. Riggs, Eds.
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The lighthouse was badly damaged when heavy seas overtopped the boundary walls during a storm in January 2014. The local attendant for the Commissioners of Irish Lights, Ronan Gill who lived on Inishmore confirmed that the light had failed by looking out across the bay. Parts of the building were destroyed and equipment carried away and ruined by the sea breaching the building. The light was inoperable for a number of days, until repairs were undertaken by engineers who flew in by helicopter.
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Pipes were sunk to draw off the water from the underlying shale. The purest water in a reservoir lies between 1.5 and 3 metres beneath the water's surface, so water was extracted by means of syphons. The water now flows directly to the Arnfield Treatment Works in Tintwistle and to the Mottram Tunnel. A statutory report, prepared under the Reservoir Safety Act 1975 and dated 12 June, stated that all five reservoirs could be overtopped during a Probable Maximum Flood.
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The Wieser Brothers were said to be the first founders of the city and quickly followed by hundreds. Rushford has had a post office in operation since 1856, and the 1867 two-story Railroad Depot still stands at its original site, being restored as a Visitors Center for the local area. As a result of the 2007 Midwest flooding, the city was flooded when Rush Creek overtopped the dikes. Rushford's spirit bounced back to produce a very bustling and thriving community.
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About 200 houses were demolished in the district of Hann, many of which experienced total wall collapse; dwellings in the town of Bargny endured similar destruction. In the suburb of Rufisque, the waves overtopped dams, entered homes and cemeteries, and destroyed a mosque. Several villages outside the capital area were completely cut off from their surroundings. Victims across the affected region received more than 100 tons (220,000 lbs) of rice and 12 million CFA francs (US$20,000) in government relief funds.
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During the last ice age, an ice sheet blocked the river's downstream course through Hertfordshire, forcing the water to back up and to form a large lake. The level of the lake eventually became so high, that it overtopped the escarpment and cut a new route through the chalk, creating the Goring Gap. After the ice receded, the Thames continued to follow its new course through Berkshire. Today, the Goring Gap constricts the River Thames, narrowing the otherwise broad river valley.
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Somewhat hispid, biennial herb. Stems to , solid, swollen below nodes, purple-spotted or wholly purple. Leaves bi- to tri-pinnate, dark green, appressed-hairy on both surfaces, longipetiolate: lobes mostly , ovate in outline, deeply toothed, the teeth contracted abruptly at the apex. Umbels compound, bearing usually 6-12 (occasionally as few as 4 or as many as 15) hairy rays usually long; peduncle longer than rays, hairy; terminal umbel with mostly hermaphrodite flowers, overtopped by lateral umbels, which have mostly male flowers.
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This prolonged wave set up coupled with the very low central pressure level meant massive storm surges were generated. Storm surges overtopped and breached the levees and flood walls intended to protect the city from inundation. Unfortunately New Orleans is inherently prone to coastal flooding for a number of factors. Firstly, much of New Orleans is below sea level and is bordered by the Mississippi River therefore protection against flooding from both the sea and the river has become dependent on engineered structures.
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During construction, the cofferdam was overtopped for about four days during a large flood, when the dam was about one third of its final height. The flood was in excess of the once in a hundred years flood expectation. The contractors had little warning but managed to get most of their equipment away from the critical area before the event struck. The conventional and roller- compacted concrete in the main dam were largely undamaged and construction work was resumed within a fortnight.
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By World War II, sentiment developed for renaming the park after Charles Flandrau (1828–1903), a notable figure in early Minnesota history. A lawyer, indian agent, and statesman, Flandrau served on the territorial supreme court, presided over the first court session in Brown County, and led the military defense of New Ulm during the Dakota War of 1862. The name was changed in March 1945. Two years later the Cottonwood Lake Dam was overtopped and seriously damaged by a flood.
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The Vajont Dam as seen from the village of Longarone in 2005, showing approximately the top 60–70 metres of concrete. The wall of water that overtopped the dam by and destroyed this village and all nearby villages on 9 October 1963 would have obscured virtually all of the blue sky in this photo. The Vajont Dam (or Vaiont Dam) is a disused dam in northern Italy. It is one of the tallest dams in the world, with a height of .
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An overbank is an alluvial geological deposit consisting of sediment that has been deposited on the floodplain of a river or stream by flood waters that have broken through or overtopped the banks. The sediment is carried in suspension, and because it is carried outside of the main channel, away from faster flow, the sediment is typically fine-grained. An overbank deposit usually consists primarily of fine sand, silt and clay. Overbank deposits can be beneficial because they refresh valley soils.
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A record flood in July 2002 overtopped the spillway by more than seven feet (2 m) and caused significant damage below Canyon Dam. In the 2002 flood, the peak flow was about 70,000 cubic feet per second (2,000 m³/s). The amount of water that flowed over the spillway was about 3½ times the amount of water that the reservoir holds. Erosion over the course of three days washed away soil below the spillway to reveal what is now the Canyon Lake Gorge.
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Copernicus Programme image of the dam after the flood. Following a period of heavy rain, the Edenville Dam immediately upstream overtopped and failed on May 19, 2020. The breach of the Edenville Dam in two areas of the levee caused more water to be released into the Tittabawassee River which feeds into Sanford Lake. The floodwaters quickly overran Sanford Dam, washing out its fuse plug and escaping around the sides of the dam, eventually leading to the failure of the dam.
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The distances covered were small; but as the yacht moved about, on some occasions high hills were interposed so that the aerial wires were overtopped by hundreds of feet, yet this was no obstacle to communication. These demonstrations led the Corporation of Trinity House to afford an opportunity for testing the system in practice between the South Foreland Lighthouse, near Dover, and the East Goodwin Lightship, on the Goodwin Sands. This installation was set in operation on December 24, 1898, and proved to be of value.
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The United States Army Corps of Engineers feared that levees would be overtopped in Plaquemines Parish by storm surge and historically high river levels. Thus, a mandatory evacuation was ordered for the parish effective on the morning of July 11, affecting approximately 8,000–10,000 residents. An evacuation order was also issued for low-lying areas of Jefferson Parish; the mayor of Grand Isle also issued a mandatory evacuation. Due to the storm threat, the Carnival Valor changed its disembarking point from New Orleans to Mobile, Alabama.
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Work on the foundation began in 1617 and the structure was built on a series of arches which overtopped and closed off the old Gorge of Zanguna (Quebrada de Sanguña or Zanguña). The façade was completed in 1706 and the remainder of the building in 1715. Between 1731 and 1747 the altarpieces of the interior were emplaced. In El Sagrario is the mausoleum dedicated to Marshal Antonio José de Sucre, hero of Ecuadorian and Latin American independence, who had requested to be interred in his beloved Quito.
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On Saturday night, Max Mayfield, director of the National Hurricane Center, did something he had done only once before. He called the governors of Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi to warn them of the severity of the coming storm. He issued a special warning to Mayor Ray Nagin, telling him that some levees in the greater New Orleans area could be overtopped. Later, Mr. Mayfield would tell Brian Williams with NBC Nightly News that he went to bed that night believing he had done what he could.
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Some water also overtopped a section of the Industrial Canal levee. Most of Eastern New Orleans experienced flooding, generally all areas except the Gentilly/Chef Menteur Ridge and Michoud areas. The Upper Ninth was flooded by the levee and floodwall failures near the Desire neighborhood, across the Industrial Canal from the junction with the MRGO. Flooding in this part of the ward joined with that of the bulk of the City's east bank to the west, with water flowing in from the London Avenue Canal breaches.
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15 of those complexes were extensively renovated and merged into a large development known as "CityView", designed to appeal to higher-income young professionals. Since 2000, Greenspoint has suffered from multiple catastrophic flooding events, largely due to the presence of multiple high-density apartment complexes within the floodplain of Greens Bayou. The bayou overtopped its banks in 2001 (Tropical Storm Allison), 2002, 2003, 2016 ("Tax Day" floods), and 2017 (Hurricane Harvey). Three-quarters of the district's multi-family housing is located within a floodplain.
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On January 13, 2005, Delaware Dam was nearly overtopped. The water level came within less than 1 foot of the top of the dam, requiring the main spill gates to be opened before it began dropping. The Olentangy River is the primary source of drinking water for much of Delaware County. Both the City of Delaware and Del-Co Water Company, the supplier of drinking water to most of rural Delaware County (and other communities beyond), draw the majority of their water supplies from the Olentangy system.
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L.L. Anderson (French Meadows) Dam, completed in December 1964, was the first major structure to be built. Hell Hole Dam on the Rubicon River was still under construction at that time when massive flooding struck northern California. More than of rain fell within five days. On December 23 the incomplete dam was overtopped and destroyed, and a wall of water swept down the Rubicon, lower Middle Fork, and lower North Fork canyons, triggering landslides, uprooting trees, and obliterating any buildings and bridges along its path.
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There is still a worn plaque on the Rhode Island Hospital Trust building (built in 1917), along with a newer plaque showing the higher 1938 hurricane water level. At Matunuck, Rhode Island, sediment studies have identified the overwash fan of sediments in Succotash Marsh, where the 1815 hurricane storm surge overtopped the barrier beach. The financial loss was estimated at one and a half million dollars, one-quarter the total valuation of the city. Fortunately, only two lives were lost, both in India Point.
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By 19 June, Worcestershire was affected by flooding. A 68-year-old motorist died after he was trapped in his vehicle in flood water near Pershore whilst attempting to cross an old ford in Bow Brook which was by then 2 m deep. The waters were still rising, endangering the confluence of the River Teme and the River Severn. On 26 June 2007 the New Road Ground, home to Worcestershire County Cricket Club, was flooded after the River Severn overtopped its banks, causing the next day's Twenty20 match against Warwickshire to be cancelled.
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This five-and-a-half hectare site is part of an internationally important yew woodland complex. The steep chalky slopes of the central part of the wood are occupied by a dense stand of yew overtopped in places by mature ash and beech, with some field maple, wild cherry and oak. Some of the beech trees are fine specimens whilst others have died and provide important dead wood habitat for many insects and fungi. A large section in the centre of the reserve was flattened by the October 1987 storm.
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The promenade at Sutton-on-Sea was regraded, with an additional spraywall built, works were also carried out to increase the height of sea wall where it was overtopped. Further along the coast in Skegness, dune defences were devastated just north of Skegness Pier, here a new concrete wall was constructed, with marram grass planted to encourage dune reformation at a cost of £200,000, which withstood the 1978 surge. In Norfolk this storm and the 1978 surge led to the construction of a £1.5 million sea wall built between Happisburgh and Winterton Ness.
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Galilaei has a highly degraded rim and lacks recognizable ejecta. The crater is 137 km (85 mi) in diameter and has a relatively flat floor that lies 3 km below the martian elevation datum. The crater is in a low-lying part of Mars where there are many channels, chaos zones, and craters with outlet channels that provide evidence for climate variability and surface flooding. The crater has an outlet channel named Tana Vallis, which shows that Galilaei once contained a crater lake that overtopped its rim, producing an overland flood.
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Tana was eroded by the catastrophic drainage of a lake that formerly filled the crater, overtopped its rim, and rapidly eroded a breach channel through which the lake in Galilaei Crater drained. Terrestrial dam breach methods were used to estimate paleo-discharges in Tana Vallis. Peak discharge rates in Tana Vallis would have depended on how quickly the breach channel formed. If it fully formed in two to ten days, the discharge peak would have been in the range from 15 to 47 million cubic meters per second.
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For over a week in August 1948 exceptionally heavy rainfall was experienced in Berwickshire, and this culminated in a violent rainstorm on the night of 12 August 1948. Many watercourses overtopped their banks and the ground was already saturated; this resulted in multiple washouts of railway embankments and undermining of bridge abutments and piers. The railway between Duns and Earlston was closed immediately. The passenger service never re-opened, but a goods train service between St Boswells and Greenlaw resumed after a period; the final freight ran on 16 July 1965.
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In order for a lagoon to form the barrier needs both a coarse and fine sediment source, the fines usually from longshore transport offshore and the coarse usually from transport of sediment from river mouths. The barriers created rely on the accretion of sediment to at least equal the rate of erosion in order for the lagoon to remain separate from the ocean. This balance is also effected by sea level changes, rising causing the barrier to be overtopped and falling allowing a smaller barrier keep the lagoon separate.Masselink, G. & Hughes, M. G. (2003).
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Detention dams can cause injury and damage if they are not built and maintained correctly. Poorly maintained and older detention dams can pose a reliability threat because they may not meet the current structural safety and hydraulic requirements. For example, a detention dam in a populated area that does not conform to the current structural safety and hydraulic requirements has a high probability of failing. If severe flood were to occur, the nonconforming detention dam could be overtopped and breached resulting in injury and damage of the surrounding populated area below the detention dam.
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The area experienced several hours of heavy rain on the night of 26–27 March 2009 which caused the dam level to rise, apparently because the gate leading to the spillway was too small. The dam was overtopped, eroding the dam surface and resulting in a breach wide at around 2 am on 27 March local time (7 pm 26 March GMT). Cracks were reportedly visible in the face of the dam embankment from around midnight. The dam operators apparently sounded a warning siren shortly before the dam failed.
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The lake waters overflowed County Highway A about a quarter mile from the dam, and most of the lake emptied in two hours. The water began overflowing at approximately 10 a.m. As the water overtopped the isthmus, it flowed downhill to the Wisconsin River approximately away, quickly eroding and creating a channel that rapidly drained the lake in an out-of-control torrent into the river, below the lake's level. Three homes washed away, and another two were destroyed when their foundations were undermined by the new outflow.
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It was supposed that this lake, named as Lake Lapworth, overtopped its southern margin and rapidly cut down to form the Ironbridge Gorge providing the Severn with a southerly exit to the sea as remains the case today. An alternative theory which has gained favour in recent years does away with Lake Lapworth, suggesting that the upper Severn flowed beneath the icesheet in a bedrock hollow known as the Severn Trench eastwards from Melverley to the Ironbridge Gorge. It is possible that the trench and gorge were cut over successive ice ages.
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I Governo Leone, camera.it As minister, he had to face one of the most tragic events in Italian republican history, the Vajont Dam disaster.Il 9 settembre 1963 il disastro del Vajont: commemorazioni in tutta la regione, Friuli Venezia Giulia On 9 October 1963, a landslide occurred on Monte Toc, in the province of Pordenone. The landslide caused a megatsunami in the artificial lake in which 50 million cubic metres of water overtopped the dam in a wave of , leading to the complete destruction of several villages and towns, and 1,917 deaths.
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Two levees in the parish were washed out and one was overtopped, inundating 100 houses near Lockport. In Terrebonne Parish, the powerful storm surge swept away parked cars, knocked a home off its foundation, and damaged a portion of a levee. In the parish, 800 homes were flooded, and 15,000 people were left homeless. The storm surge also washed out a portion of the levee protecting Grand Isle, and damaged another . The levee, built in 1984, sustained $500,000 in damages, which flooded the island with of ocean water.
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Klentnice is a so-called "Straßendorf" (village built along a main road) in the Pálava mountains. It is situated on the eastern slope of the Stolová hora (458 m) and is overtopped by the ruins of the castle Sirotčí Hrádek (German "Waisenstein" or "Rosenburg"). In the north there are the Děvín (549 m) and its foothill Pálava (461 m). Neighbouring places are Horní Věstonice and Dolní Věstonice to the north, Pavlov to the north-east, Milovice to the east, Mikulov to the south, Bavory to the south-east and Perna to the west.
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The DWR was then confronted with two choices: use the main spillway, knowing it would likely be further damaged, or allow Lake Oroville to rise until it overtopped the emergency spillway. On February 9, the main spillway was reopened. DWR hoped that using the damaged spillway with a limited flow could drain the lake enough to avoid use of the emergency spillway, which would potentially damage powerlines servicing the hydroelectric plant. The following day, discharge on the main spillway was reduced from to , but this flow was not enough to prevent the lake from rising.
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As much as 30 feet of fine sand, silt and organic sediments were deposited in the channel before drainage reversed and was captured by the present-day Maumee River. U.S. Route 24 between Fort Wayne and Huntington follows the channel.Water Resource Availability in the Maumee River Basin, Indiana, pages 37 & 48 Water Resource Assessment 96-5, Indianapolis: Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water (1996) Approximately 14,000 years before present, Lake Maumee overtopped the Fort Wayne Moraine. The flood removed all earlier sediment and deepened the valley bottom by .
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The floods tore out levees along the Sacramento and Feather Rivers through the Sacramento Valley, and the city of Sacramento was spared by a close margin. Folsom Lake filled to dangerously high levels with runoff from the North, Middle and South Forks of the American River. The flood rapidly filled the pool behind the Auburn cofferdam to capacity, as the diversion tunnel could not handle all the water pouring into the reservoir. At about 6:00 A.M. on February 18, the rising water overtopped the cofferdam near the right abutment, creating a waterfall that quickly eroded into the structure.
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It is also home to the threatened species of crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes, though there are also populations of the introduced American signal crayfish (Pasifastacus leniusculus), which competes with the native species for food. The Bain valley was formed by a glacier in the most recent ice-age and, although small, is very obvious. The River Bain is very susceptible to flooding and many floods have occurred during its history, about once every 30–50 years, the most recent being the 2007 United Kingdom floods, when the river overtopped its banks all along its course. Horncastle was particularly badly hit.
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In the winter of 1895, heavy rains caused the Sweetwater River to rise to record levels, and the dam's outlets and spillways were unable to handle the excess inflow of water. For more than 40 hours during the peak of the storm, the reservoir overtopped the dam by nearly two feet, spilling over in a massive waterfall. The floods caused severe damage to the abutments of the dam and eroded the riverbed below, but the dam survived. In response to the danger of future floods, work began in 1910 to raise the dam to a height of .
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The reservoir overtopped the dam crest by an estimated in an event similar to, but far larger than 1895. The river breached the north abutment of the dam, then soon after the south end just left of the spillway went with it. Like in 1895, the main structure of the dam was not heavily damaged but the river eroded enough material around the structure to allow two-thirds of the reservoir to drain. The failure of the dam caused extensive damage downstream, including the destruction of over of Sweetwater Water Co. pipeline, all railway track and electric utility lines.
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Upon striking the United States, Gustav produced strong winds that damaged the roofs and windows of many structures, as well as a large storm surge along the coastline of Louisiana which overtopped levees and floodwalls in New Orleans. Widespread heavy rainfall contributed to significant inland flooding from Louisiana into Arkansas. Tornadoes were confirmed throughout the region, including 21 in Mississippi, 11 in Louisiana, 6 in Florida, 2 in Arkansas, and 1 in Alabama. In total, Gustav cost $6 billion in the United States and killed 53 people: 48 in Louisiana, 4 in Florida, and 1 at sea.
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In Assam, flooding along the Himalayan border with Nepal killed at least 14 people and affected approximately 1.5 million people. The Brahmaputra River overtopped its banks in numerous locations, flooding 1,800 villages. The Assam State Disaster Management Authority (ASDMA) stated on 16 July 2019 that flooding had affected 32 of the state's 33 districts, affecting 4.496 million people across 4,620 villages. The ASDMA stated that 19 people had died due to the flooding, including two people killed by landslides, and that over 101,000 people had taken refuge at 226 relief camps and 562 relief distribution centre had been established.
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The flood waters tore through the unfinished southern spillway and fell to the river below, resulting in a massive fog which one journalist compared to that of Niagara Falls. The flood water came within of spilling into the finished northern spillway, which was being used as a storage site for sand and granite used in the dam's construction. Had the water entered the northern spillway, the construction materials, worth £25,000, would have been swept away. Another major flood in May 1925 far exceeded all previously recorded floods and resulted in the dam wall being overtopped to a depth of .
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On 11 March 1669 a major fissure opened up on the southeast side of Mt. Etna, some ten miles from Catania, and sent lava in the direction of the city. The stream passed along the walls of the city and reached the sea, but at the beginning of May fresh supplies of lava overtopped the walls of Catania and destroyed the monastery of the Benedictines. The vinyards of the Jesuits, who staffed a college in Catania, were also destroyed. By mid-May three quarters of Catania was surrounded by lava, and several streams entered the city.
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Wheal Jane was not out of the news though; these were the days before Environmental Impact Assessments. With the pumps no longer de-watering the mine, groundwater levels rose and flooded the former working areas, picking up waste, washing over the exposed rock faces and contaminating the groundwater. These eventually overtopped the drainage systems in January 1992 and acid mine drainage rose through the abandoned mine, escaped into the surface water systems, and flowed into the Carnon river and eventually into Falmouth Bay, killing fish and contaminating wild fowl. By 1994, remedial measures including the construction of large settling ponds, were in place.
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This classic account is that of Nikolai Przhevalsky, who crossed the desert from Hami (or Khumul) to Suchow in the summer of 1879. The middle of the desert rises into a plateau across, which reaches an average elevation of and a maximum elevation of . On its northern and southern borders it is overtopped by two divisions of the Bey-san (Pe-shan) Mountains, which are isolated hills or groups of hills only a few hundred feet higher than the plateau. They are separated from the Kuruk-tagh by a well-marked bay of the former Central Asian Mediterranean (Lop Nur).
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CDT, after water service was unavailable in the area. One death has been reported in Texas City, which was caused by a lack of dialysis treatment due to the storm's aftermath. The beloved Texas City Dike, a manmade structure extending nearly five miles into the mouth of Galveston Bay, was overtopped and seriously damaged along with all structures built upon it.USA Today Video The dike, known to locals as "the world's longest manmade fishing pier," had stood for seven decades and was considered Texas City's primary defense against the devastation wrought by a powerful storm surge.
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On 22 July 2007 at approximately 13:25 Pacific Daylight Time, a massive avalanche took place on Mount Steele when a slab of ice with a volume of about broke loose from its north face. The slab broke up as it fell down the side of the mountain, developing into an avalanche that crossed Steele Glacier, overtopped a ridge, and continued onto Hodgson Glacer, where it finally came to rest after traveling a total horizontal distance of . The avalanche covered about of the surface of Steele Glacier. The avalanche registered as a 2.1-magnitude seismic event.
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Turning its flank broadside to the Plaza, the Church helped define its size and shape. The anomaly of the main entrance not fronting onto the Plaza is explained by the presence of a deep gorge (la quebrada de Sanguña or Zanguña) present at the time of construction, which precluded extending the building backwards (toward the southwest).Peralta, Op. cit.. (The site, adjacent to the ravine, had been selected for defensive purposes. The ravine was itself overtopped by the Iglesia de El Sagrario in the 17th century.) The Cathedral was consecrated by the second bishop of Quito — Fray Pedro de la Peña — in 1572.
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Several crane barges were also used to place sandbags and gravel, and other barges were used to haul equipment, pumps, generators and people to sites. By Sunday, September 11, 2005, the number of operating pumps had been raised to 74 of 174, with the high capacity Pumping Station 6 expected to be returned to service within days. Officials lowered the estimated maximum amount of time required to unwater New Orleans to 40 days, or late October, 2005. By September 12, 2005, water had overtopped the temporary breach closure at the London Avenue Canal because of operations at Pump Station 3.
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The Beden Brook crested at over 5 feet (1.5 m) above normal, which destroyed a bridge near Princeton. The Raritan River at Manville crested at 9.8 feet (3 m), a record that stood until the passage of Hurricane Floyd in 1999. The heavy rainfall overtopped the levee system in Zarephath, causing severe damage to the Alma White College and preventing it from opening in the fall of 1971. The rainfall also flooded two fire houses in Somerville with several feet of water, and the water treatment plant in Bridgewater Township with 18 inches (457 mm) of floodwaters in what was catalogued as a 50-year flood event.
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Moisant Airport flooded A large part of Greater New Orleans was flooded, with of water shutting down Moisant Field and of water in parts of Jefferson Parish. The storm surge in Louisiana peaked at at Shell Beach on Lake Borgne—today submerged due to erosion from the construction in 1968 of the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet—and at in Ostrica. The surge overtopped the 9-ft-tall (2.7-m) Orleans Parish seawall, built by the Orleans Levee Board in the 1920s to prevent a repeat of the 1915 hurricane there, and spread water over of the parish, as far from Lake Pontchartrain as Gentilly Ridge.
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The third freshet in December 1900 overtopped the lock walls by and scoured out a channel that was about wide and deep running all along the land side of the west lock wall. This section had been finished too late in the season to be protected with turf. From January 12 to 19, 1901, the highest rise in the Yamhill River since 1894 occurred, with the water fully over the lock walls. Had the water come solely down the Yamhill, there would have been a "disastrous scour" accompanying the river's rise and fall, but because the Willamette River also was flooding, the current in the Yamhill was slowed down.
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If stream flow exceeds the capacity of the passage through the crossing or it is plugged by debris the crossing may be overtopped or the stream diverted down the road. This may result in substantial erosion as flood water cuts a gully on the side of road. Diversion occurs when a road slopes downward from a crossing and the height of the road exceeds the height of any outlet down the road. A sag (dip) in the road below the crossing may serve as a channel for over flow of excess water and prevent water from continuing down the road but is only practical on gentle slopes.
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The Missoula Floods that swept periodically across eastern Washington and across the Columbia River Plateau during the Pleistocene epoch carved out the Palouse River Canyon, which is deep in places. The ancestral Palouse River flowed through the now-dry Washtucna Coulee directly into the Columbia River. The present-day canyon was created when the Missoula Floods overtopped the northern drainage divide of the ancestral Palouse River, diverting it to the current course to the Snake River by eroding a new, deeper channel. The area is characterized by interconnected and hanging flood-created coulees, cataracts, plunge pools, kolk created potholes, rock benches, buttes and pinnacles typical of scablands.
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Such a spillway can be used to regulate downstream flows – by releasing water in small amounts before the reservoir is full, operators can prevent sudden large releases that would happen if the dam were overtopped. Other uses of the term "spillway" include bypasses of dams or outlets of channels used during high water, and outlet channels carved through natural dams such as moraines. Water normally flows over a spillway only during flood periods – when the reservoir cannot hold the excess of water entering the reservoir over the amount used. In contrast, an intake tower is a structure used to release water on a regular basis for water supply, hydroelectricity generation, etc.
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In an intermediate type, normal level regulation of the reservoir is controlled by the mechanical gates. If inflow to the reservoir exceeds the gate's capacity, an artificial channel called either an auxiliary or emergency spillway that is blocked by a fuse plug dike will operate. The fuse plug is designed to over- top and wash out in case of a large flood, greater than the discharge capacity of the spillway gates. Although many months may be needed to restore the fuse plug and channel after such an operation, the total damage and cost to repair is less than if the main water-retaining structures had been overtopped.
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During the flooding in 2007, all of the washlands filled to capacity, although the Bolton regulator could not be operated as it had been vandalised. Some damage to the Houghton washlands resulted from the extremely high water levels, which overtopped the banks and caused erosion to take place. Following the floods, a reassessment of the function of the regulators was carried out, and in view of the costs of maintaining them, the Environment Agency intend to remove them once some reconfiguration of the river channel has been completed. This work will ensure that the washlands fill and empty at the appropriate points in a flood cycle.
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The first waters overtopped Grand Coulee's spillway on of that year. Power from the dam fueled the growing industries of the Northwest United States during World War II. Between 1967 and 1974, the third powerplant was constructed. The decision to construct the additional facility was influenced by growing energy demand, regulated river flows stipulated in the Columbia River Treaty with Canada, and competition with the Soviet Union. Through a series of upgrades and the installation of pump-generators, the dam now supplies four power stations with an installed capacity of 6,809 MW. As the centerpiece of the Columbia Basin Project, the dam's reservoir supplies water for the irrigation of .
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Tulare Lake was written about by Mark Twain. Once the largest freshwater lake west of the Great Lakes, in 1849, the lake was , and in 1879, , as its size fluctuated due to varying levels of rainfall and snowfall. Following the floods of 1861–62 and 1867–68, the highest water on record reached between 216 and 220 ft above sea level. At that elevation, the lake overtopped the natural "spillway" (five miles west of the current community of Halls Corner on California State Route 41) and flowed northward into the sea via the Boggs and Fresno sloughs, the San Joaquin River, and San Francisco Bay.
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The reservoir rose so quickly that it overtopped the emergency spillway, which had never been tested for safety, and threatened to undermine it. Over 188,000 people in the Feather River valley were evacuated as officials feared the collapse of the emergency spillway, which could have sent a 30-foot (9 m) wall of water into the Feather River below and flooded communities downstream. High water flows in the Feather River caused considerable damage, collapsing the river banks and destroying large areas of farmland. The Feather River Fish Hatchery was flooded with turbid water, and several million juvenile salmon had to be evacuated from the facility.
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There was also widespread flooding in Barnsley, Doncaster and Rotherham with much of these towns cut off. By 26 June, the waters in some parts of Sheffield and the surrounding area receded, and over 700 villagers from Catcliffe, near Rotherham's Ulley reservoir were evacuated after cracks appeared in the dam. Emergency services from across England pumped millions of gallons of water from the reservoir to ease the pressure on the damaged dam, and the nearby M1 Motorway was closed between junctions 32 and 36 as a precaution. On 27 June, the Army moved into the Doncaster area after the River Don overtopped its banks and threatened the area around what was Thorpe Marsh Power Station.
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Although the cofferdam was designed with a soft earthen plug to fail in a controlled manner if any such event were to occur, the structure eroded quicker than expected. The outflow reached by noon; several hours later the maximum discharge was reached at , completely inundating the construction site and destroying almost half of the cofferdam. When the high cofferdam collapsed, its backed-up water surged downstream into already-spilling Folsom Lake less than a mile downstream, deposited the dam debris and raised the lake level suddenly. Folsom Dam outflow reached , which exceeded the design capacity of levees through Sacramento, but the levees were not overtopped and severe flooding in the city was averted by a close margin.
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Geologists believe that the lower Mississippi could take a new course to the Gulf. Either of two new routes—through the Atchafalaya Basin or through Lake Pontchartrain—might become the Mississippi's main channel if flood-control structures are overtopped or heavily damaged during a severe flood. Failure of the Old River Control Structure, the Morganza Spillway, or nearby levees would likely re- route the main channel of the Mississippi through Louisiana's Atchafalaya Basin and down the Atchafalaya River to reach the Gulf of Mexico south of Morgan City in southern Louisiana. This route provides a more direct path to the Gulf of Mexico than the present Mississippi River channel through Baton Rouge and New Orleans.
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Battlefield marshland Katrina flooded the entire parish of St. Bernard with 2' to 22' of water due to overtopping and levee breaches of the Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet (MRGO) in St. Bernard Parish and Industrial Canal in the lower 9th Ward of Orleans Parish. This resulted in the complete ruin of the park’s visitor center and substantial damage to other structures including the historic Malus-Beauregard House, the Chalmette Monument, and Chalmette National Cemetery. The nearby Mississippi River levee was not overtopped or breached at any time during or after Katrina. MRGO has been dammed and the levees strengthened, however, all the land is sinking due to soil subsidence, saltwater intrusion, and levees blocking silt deposition.
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The rise of the Escondido River forced the evacuation of 1,000 families in Villa de Fuente, as the river rose to carry through the town. The rainfall also caused Venustiano Carranza Dam in Coahuila to fill completely; the large water pressure in the dam forced the dam's gates shut, and cranes were employed to open them. The rest of the gates were unable to be opened due to lack of electrical power, sparking fears of a potential dam overtopping or rupture. The municipality of Anáhuac in Nuevo León was evacuated after reports early on July 6 that the dam had overtopped; Anáhuac's municipal president stated that the flood could cause the "total destruction" of the city.
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Although more efficient than the Holderness scheme, flooding remained a problem, because of the restrictions place on the height of embankments. A route for an outfall to the Humber was blocked by numerous roads and railways, an attempt to dredge the Old Harbour in 1864 proved disastrous, and pumping failed, because the water overtopped the low banks further downstream, and re- entered the drain. However, in 1880, agreement was reached with Holderness Drainage, and a joint scheme of dredging the river and raising the banks on both sides of it ensued. Steam pumping stations at Arram Beck, later replaced by one at Wilfholme, and at Hempholme contributed to the success of the land drainage scheme.
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No longer used for shipping, the canal is still used for drainage, and in places some small pleasure and fishing boats. Down river from the Industrial Canal, the Florida Canal still marks the inland boundary of the Lower 9th Ward neighborhood of New Orleans and communities such as Arabi and Chalmette. Levees and floodwalls constructed on the back side of the canal help protect settled areas from flooding. These levees in back of the canal were overtopped by storm surges during Hurricane Katrina in 2005; to do this the storm surge needed to first top the larger levees abutting the MR-GO and travel through the wetlands between MR-GO and the 40 Arpent Canal back levee.
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A crater lake once filled much of the caldera, but the lake ultimately drained through a notch eroded in the northeast rim. The prehistoric lake attained a maximum depth of about and the upper surface reached an elevation of about , at which point it overtopped the low point of the caldera rim. Small, shallow remnants of the lake remained north of Cone D at an altitude of about : a small shallow lake located between the caldera rim and Cone D; a smaller lake (named Cone B Lake) farther north near the caldera's gate. After the 2008 eruption, the hydrogeology of the caldera was greatly changed with five separate sizable lakes now emplaced.
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However, numerous structures were completely destroyed. The storm was attributed to 372 deaths in the Southeastern United States, 114 of which took place in Miami and at least 150 at Moore Haven, where a storm surge estimated as high as overtopped portions of a levee on Lake Okeechobee. Many people in Miami, transients who knew little of hurricanes, perished after examining damage during the passage of the eye, unaware that the back end of the storm was approaching. Flimsy structures built to house workers during the Florida land boom of the 1920s were completely leveled. The hurricane partially contributed to the end of the land boom, which was in decline by early 1926.Stronge. pp. 100–2.
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The lock was a single-lift chamber long and wide, located on the west side of the river. The dam extended from the east bank of the river to the eastern lock wall, and when the lock gates were shut, acted to back up the Yamhill river and raise the water level sufficiently to allow ready steamboat navigation to McMinnville during the summer dry season. During the winter the lock and dam were more of an obstruction than an navigational aid, as they were frequently overtopped by freshets and floods, sometimes as high as or higher than twenty feet above the lock walls. The lock ceased to be used in any significant way soon after it was built.
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Other sites throughout the Los Angeles area had been instrumented as a result of local ordinances, and an extraordinary amount of strong motion data was recorded, more so than any other event up until that time. The success in this area spurred the initiation of California's Strong Motion Instrumentation Program. Transportation around the Los Angeles area was severely afflicted with roadway failures and the partial collapse of several major freeway interchanges. The near total failure of the Lower Van Norman Dam resulted in the evacuation of tens of thousands of downstream residents, though an earlier decision to maintain the water at a lower level may have contributed to saving the dam from being overtopped.
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Emergency officials estimated that nearly all of the 700 privately built agricultural levees were overtopped or destroyed along the Missouri River. Navigation on the Mississippi and Missouri River had been closed since early July, resulting in a loss of $2 million (1993) per day in commerce. James Scott, a 23-year-old Illinois man, was convicted in 1994 for "intentionally causing a catastrophe" and sentenced to life imprisonment for his role in causing some of the flooding across the river from Quincy, Illinois. In an attempt to strand his wife on the other side of the river so he could continue partying, Scott removed several sandbags from a levee holding back the water.
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A landslide occurred in 1963 with the failure of a large volcanic block consisting of poorly consolidated tuff breccia and columnar-jointed dacite. The mass slid into Dusty Creek where it quickly fragmented into an aggregate then travelled roughly downstream where it entered the broader flatter valley of Turbid Creek for an additional . Both creeks were blocked by the event, resulting in the creation of lakes that eventually overtopped and breached the landslide dam to produce floods and possibly debris flows which in turn swept down Turbid Creek far beyond the landslide terminus. In June 1984, a major rockslide and debris flow resulted from a collapse at the head of Avalanche Creek.
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In Kingsbridge, Devon the town centre was flooded after the quay was overtopped and the railway line to Dawlish was disrupted after flooding. £500,000 of damage was caused at North Berwick, Lothian by the waves, with a 15 m section of harbour wall brought down in Lossiemouth. On 19 December a front from the low Petra brought rainfall, and the following day the Environment Agency ordered the evacuation of the village of Wallington, Hampshire, after fears that cracks in the flood wall could indicate potential failure. A series of weather fronts associated with low pressure areas brought flooding to Helston in Cornwall and Braunton in Devon on the night of 21 December.
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They are set alternately, slightly overlapping to at a distinct angle to the branch. The flower heads are grouped with two to six at the tip of the branches, but may get overtopped later. They are globe-shaped and about 2 cm (0.8 in) across, on a stalk of up to 1½ cm long. The common base of the flowers in the same head is egg- to globe-shaped, about ½ cm (0.2 in) across. The conspicuous involucre consists of three or four whorls of lance-shaped bracts of about 6 mm (¼ in) long and 1½ mm (0.06 in) wide, that are covered with thickly woolly hair, each with a hardened pointy to stretched tip.
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They are set alternately, slightly overlapping or at a distinct angle to the branch. The flower heads are grouped with two to six at the tip of the branches, but may get overtopped later. They are globe-shaped and about 2 cm (0.8 in) across, on a stalk of up to 1½ cm long. The common base of the flowers in the same head is egg- to globe-shaped, about ½ cm (0.2 in) across. Uniquely, this species has an indistictive involucre that consists of only a single whorl of lance-shaped bracts of about 6 mm (¼ in) long and 1½ mm (0.06 in) wide, that are covered with very fine down, each with a hardened pointy to stretched tip.
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Depiction of the dam on the coats of arms of Yemen Local tales report that the final breach of the dam had been predicted by a king called ‘Imrān, who was also a soothsayer, and later by the wife of the king. According to legend, the breach was caused by large rats gnawing at it with their teeth and scratching it with their nails. In 570 or 575, the dam was again overtopped, and this time left unrepaired. The breaching and destruction of the Dam of Ma’rib was a historical event, and was alluded to in the Quran: The consequent failure of the irrigation system provoked the migration of up to 50,000 people from Yemen to other areas of the Arabian Peninsula, and even to the Levant.
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It is situated in the valley of the Vajont River under Monte Toc, in the municipality of Erto e Casso, north of Venice. The dam was conceived in the 1920s and eventually built between 1957 and 1960 by Società Adriatica di Elettricità (SADE), at the time the electricity supply and distribution monopoly in northeastern Italy. In 1962 the dam was nationalized and came under the control of ENEL as part of the Italian Ministry for Public Works. On 9 October 1963, during initial filling, a landslide caused a megatsunami in the lake in which 50 million cubic metres of water overtopped the dam in a wave of , leading to the complete destruction of several villages and towns, and 1,917 deaths.
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A major flood occurred along the Salmon River and its tributaries between December 29, 1984 and January 2, 1985. Rapid snowmelt combined with heavy rainfall (as much as near the Salmon River's headwaters) caused extensive flood damage along the river, destroying bridges near Redfield and Osceola and damaging roads, bridges and homes in Pulaski and Altmar. On September 30, 2010, large amounts of rain fell within a matter of several hours in the Salmon River drainage area, ranging from , causing historic flooding. The water was so high that the "Short Bridge" in the center of downtown Pulaski was nearly overtopped by the high water, and a portion of a retaining wall on the north side of the river directly downstream from the bridge was washed away.
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In 2011, a meta-analysis of studies of beaver impacts on salmonids found that beaver were a net benefit to salmon and trout populations primarily by improving habitat (building ponds) both for rearing and overwintering and that this conclusion was based over half the time on scientific data. In contrast, the most often cited negative impact of beavers on fishes were barriers to migration, although that conclusion was based on scientific data only 22% of the time. They also found that when beaver dams do present barriers, these are generally short-lived, as the dams are overtopped, blown out, or circumvented by storm surges. By creating additional channel network complexity, including ponds and marshes laterally separated from the main channel, beavers may play a role in the creation and maintenance of fish biodiversity.
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While the National Park Service claimed that the world single-day record is a variation of (from to ) in Browning, Montana in 1916,Weather - Glacier National Park the Montana Department of Environmental Quality claimed that Loma, Montana also had a variation of (from to ) in 1972.Montana Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) - FAQ Both these extreme daily temperature changes were the result of sharp air-mass changes within a single day. The 1916 event was an extreme temperature drop, resulting from frigid Arctic air from Canada invading northern Montana, displacing a much warmer air mass. The 1972 event was a chinook event, where air from the Pacific Ocean overtopped mountain ranges to the west, and dramatically warmed in its descent into Montana, displacing frigid Arctic air and causing a drastic temperature rise.
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Additional damage was caused by a freshet in February which carried water over the lock falls, and other freshets in March and April which overtopped the lock walls, but not as high as the one in February. During the low water season of 1901, the Corps of Engineers proposed to spend $26,160 to extend the concrete wing wall at the head of the lock, regrade slopes, replace and extend riprap protection, and increase the stone filling at the base of the dam. In early July 1901, the Corps of Engineers, with D.B. Ogden in charge, had 50 men at work sloping and laying stone on the banks above the lock to protect them from erosion during floods, as had recently occurred. The work was finished by November 1901.
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The period began on 5 December 2013 when a deep low pressure area moved from the Atlantic over Scotland and the North Sea inducing a storm surge in the Irish Sea and North Sea coasts of the United Kingdom. In the North Sea some of the highest level tides were recorded in the Humber and Thames estuaries, exceeding levels which occurred during the disastrous North Sea flood of 1953. Flooding occurred in Tyneside, Teesside, along the Yorkshire coast, around the Humber and the Wash, where in particular the town of Boston, Lincolnshire was badly affected by when the high tide overtopped defences. Breached seawall and railway at Dawlish, Devon Coastal flooding particularly affected the south and west of the UK, with severe damage reported Wales, Cornwall, Devon and Dorset.
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Map of Glacial Lake Maumee, Saginaw, and Chicago, based on the USGS Report of 1915As the Erie Lobe retreated to the northeast, it left large debris deposits called moraines running at right angles to its line of retreat. One of these, called the Fort Wayne Moraine, was left at the site of present-day Fort Wayne, Indiana, where it acted as a dam that held back the waters of the lake. When the water was at its highest point, about 800 feet above sea level (ASL) (244 m), it left beach ridges that later became the routes of trails and highways. During this stage, the waters of the lake, possibly in response to an advance of the ice front at the lake's eastern end, overtopped a "sag" in the Fort Wayne Moraine.
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The destroyed town of Longarone after the megatsunami As president, Segni had to face one of the most tragic events in Italian republican history, the Vajont Dam disaster.Il 9 settembre 1963 il disastro del Vajont: commemorazioni in tutta la regione, Friuli Venezia Giulia On 9 October 1963, a landslide occurred on Monte Toc, in the province of Pordenone. The landslide caused a megatsunami in the artificial lake in which 50 million cubic metres of water overtopped the dam in a wave of , leading to the complete destruction of several villages and towns, and 1,917 deaths. In the previous months, the Adriatic Society of Electricity (SADE) and the Italian government, which both owned the dam, dismissed evidence and concealed reports describing the geological instability of Monte Toc on the southern side of the basin and other early warning signs reported prior to the disaster.
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Shelby, p. 60 The dikes in the low-lying Lincoln Drive neighborhood of Grand Forks were the first to break, doing so early on April 18, as the river kept rising.Shelby, p. 66 Other dikes in the Grand Forks and East Grand Forks area failed that day and the next, flooding thousands of homes. During this time, Grand Forks mayor Pat Owens ordered the evacuation of more than 50,000 people, much of the population of the city. This was the largest evacuation in the United States since the evacuation of residents in Atlanta, Georgia during the Civil War. Grand Forks after a levee overtopped and Grand Forks was evacuated Water reached areas more than two miles (3 km) inland from the Red River, requiring evacuation of all of East Grand Forks and 75% of Grand Forks.
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Among the objects of this tour was the illustration of an unsuccessful attempt made by Professor Bonney's party to ascend Mont Pelvoux, at that time believed to be the highest peak of the Dauphiné Alps. In 1861, Whymper successfully completed the ascent of Mont Pelvoux, the first of a series of expeditions that threw much needed light on the topography of an area which at the time was very poorly mapped. From the summit of Mont Pelvoux, Whymper discovered that it was overtopped by a neighbouring peak, subsequently named the Barre des Écrins, which, before the annexation of Savoy added Mont Blanc to the possessions of France, was the highest point in the French Alps. Whymper climbed the Barre des Écrins in 1864 with Horace Walker, A. W. Moore and guides Christian Almer senior and junior.
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This date is similar to that of the oldest dated extant lava flow, a southwestern rift zone flow with an uncorrected radiocarbon dating of approximately 4650 BC. The oldest well-studied eruptive product from Kīlauea is the Uwēkahuna Ash Member, the product of explosive eruptions between 2,800 and 2,100 years ago. Although it has since been largely buried by younger flows, it remains exposed in some places, and has been traced more than from the volcano's caldera, evidence of very powerful eruptions. Evidence suggests the existence of an active eruptive center at this time, termed the Powers Caldera, whose fractures and faults lie outside the modern caldera. At least 1,200 years ago, lava from the Powers Caldera overtopped its rim and solidified the structure; this was followed by a period of very voluminous tube-fed pāhoehoe flows from the summit.
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The Maumee Torrent was a catastrophic draining of Lake Maumee, the ancestor of present-day Lake Erie, that occurred approximately 14,000 years ago during the late Wisconsin glaciation. It happened when the waters of Lake Maumee, possibly in response to an advance of the ice front at the eastern end of the lake, overtopped a "sag" or low spot in the Fort Wayne Moraine, which was a deposit of glacial debris that acted as a natural dam at the site of present- day Fort Wayne, Indiana. This unleashed a massive flow of water that scoured a one- to two-mile-wide outlet running southwest to the Wabash River known as the "Wabash-Erie Channel", which probably followed the course of earlier, less massive drainage. The channel, now a small stream called the Little River, is the largest topographical feature in Allen County, Indiana.
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According to the government of Tamaulipas, most of the damage in the state was in farmland and in residents' dwellings, primarily near Matamoros, Valle Hermoso, Reynosa and San Fernando. In Matamoros, part of the city lost power and running water; in Valle Hermoso, two schools were damaged; in Reynosa, 180 people were evacuated from low-lying areas in five districts of the city, while in San Fernando, the main highway through the city was closed, and traffic on the bridge over the Conchos River was restricted to one lane. In Mier, the spillway of the Las Blancas Dam was overtopped, causing a river bridge to be destroyed and electric power to be lost, as well. In Río Bravo, 50 families were evacuated as seven collective farms became hard to reach by road; approximately 90% of the residences in the farms were affected by the storm.
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Leone and Mariano Rumor visiting the site of the Vajont Dam disaster As Prime Minister, Leone had to face one of the most tragic events in Italian republican history, the Vajont Dam disaster.Il 9 settembre 1963 il disastro del Vajont: commemorazioni in tutta la regione, Friuli Venezia Giulia On 9 October 1963, a landslide occurred on Monte Toc, in the province of Pordenone. The landslide caused a megatsunami in the artificial lake in which 50 million cubic metres of water overtopped the dam in a wave of , leading to the complete destruction of several villages and towns, and 1,917 deaths. In the previous months, the Adriatic Society of Electricity (SADE) and the Italian government, which both owned the dam, dismissed evidence and concealed reports describing the geological instability of Monte Toc on the southern side of the basin and other early warning signs reported prior to the disaster.
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A road near Meadowhall Centre showing extensive flooding after the River Don burst its banks On 25 June, Sheffield suffered extensive damage as the River Don over topped its banks causing widespread flooding in the Don Valley area of the city. A 14-year-old boy was swept away by the swollen River Sheaf, a 68-year-old man died after attempting to cross a flooded road in Sheffield city centre, and several cattle were washed away, found up to across fields in some areas of cultivated land. The Meadowhall shopping centre was closed due to flooding with some shops remaining closed downstairs until late September and Sheffield Wednesday's ground Hillsborough was under 6 feet (1.83 m) of water. A number of people were rescued by RAF helicopters from buildings in the Brightside area, whilst in the Millhouses Park area to the southwest of the city the River Sheaf overtopped its banks causing widespread damage.
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The flower heads set individually at the tip of the branches, but may get overtopped later. They are globe-shaped and 2½–3 cm (0.8 in) across, and seated or on a stalk of up to 1 cm (0.4 in) long. The common base of the flowers in the same head is flattened egg- to globe-shaped, about 6–8 mm (0.24–0.32 in) across. The involucre consists of two to three lose whorls of pointy, lance-shaped bracts of 8–10 mm (0.32–0.40 in) long and 2–3 mm (0.08–0.12 in) wide, that are covered with thick woolly hairs. Each head typically consists of 40–50 flowers. The bracts subtending the individual flower (called bracteoles) are inverted lance-shaped with a pointy or pointed tip, about 6–8 mm (0.24–0.32 in) long and 2–3 mm (0.08–0.12 in) wide, very densly woolly, except for the tip, tightly enveloping the base of the flower.
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The center of the storm, estimated at the time to have been wide, passed directly over the business district of New Orleans between 1530 and 1700 UTC, making the storm the first major hurricane to pass over the city since 1915; no other storm would pass so close to downtown New Orleans until Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Before the eye arrived, wind instruments at Moisant Airport were disabled after just having registered sustained winds of . Due to the increasing northerly winds, water overtopped sections of the levees on Lake Pontchartrain, leaving some lakefront streets submerged "waist deep," above the 3-ft (0.92-m) delimiter. As communications failed during the calm eye, the Weather Bureau office in Fort Worth, Texas, assumed the duties of the New Orleans office by broadcasting advisories to the public. During the eye, atmospheric pressure in New Orleans dropped as low as 968.9 mb (28.61 inHg) by 1649 UTC.
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Name of the city in form of “Shaberan” was met in a manuscript of “Kitabi dede Korkut” epos of Oghuzs of the 16th century, kept in Dresden. Turkish traveler Evliya Çelebi was in Shabran in 1647 and wrote: “…In Persia it is considered the second city after Tabriz .There are seventy quarters and palatial mosques of Uzun Hassan in the city. Walls of the mosque are decorated with delicate ornaments overtopped as chameleon’s skin, and carving on marble amazed experts on architectural arts.” IRS - Международный журнал According to testimonies of A.A.Bakhikhanov, Tabasarans captured the territory belonged to Shabran, during the reign of Turks (late 16th-early 17th centuries). Turks, didn’t demand to return it, despite they needed it. It should be mentioned that Tabasarans captured a significant territory, because “possessing this point, they impeded messaging between Derbent and Shabran”. Population of Shabran consisted of Muslim, Jew and Christian communities, and Muslim community was dominated among them.
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During his premiership, Moro had to face the outcome of one of the most tragic events in Italian republican history, the Vajont Dam disaster.Il 9 settembre 1963 il disastro del Vajont: commemorazioni in tutta la regione, Friuli Venezia Giulia On 9 October 1963, a few weeks before his oath as Prime Minister, a landslide occurred on Monte Toc, in the province of Pordenone. The landslide caused a megatsunami in the artificial lake in which 50 million cubic metres of water overtopped the dam in a wave of , leading to the complete destruction of several villages and towns, and 1,917 deaths. The destroyed town of Longarone after the megatsunami In the previous months, the Adriatic Society of Electricity (SADE) and the Italian government, which both owned the dam, dismissed evidence and concealed reports describing the geological instability of Monte Toc on the southern side of the basin and other early warning signs reported prior to the disaster.
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At Fukushima Daiichi and Daini, tsunami waves overtopped seawalls and destroyed diesel backup power systems, leading to severe problems at Fukushima Daiichi, including three large explosions and radioactive leakage. Subsequent analysis found that many Japanese nuclear plants, including Fukushima Daiichi, were not adequately protected against tsunamis. Over 200,000 people were evacuated. The aftershock on 7 April caused the loss of external power to Rokkasho Reprocessing Plant and Higashidori Nuclear Power Plant but backup generators were functional. Onagawa Nuclear Power Plant lost three of its four external power lines and temporarily lost cooling function in its spent fuel pools for "20 to 80 minutes". A spill of "up to 3.8 litres" of radioactive water also occurred at Onagawa following the aftershock.Japan Earthquake: More Nuclear Plants Lose Power, International Business Times, Jesse Emspak, 8 April 2011 A report by the IAEA in 2012 found that the Onagawa Nuclear Power Plant, the closest nuclear plant to the epicenter of the 2011 earthquake and tsunami, had remained largely undamaged. The plant's three reactors automatically shut down without damage and all safety systems functioned as designed.
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Submarine channels are similar to land rivers, but they are formed by density currents—underwater flow mixtures of sand, mud and water that are denser than sea water and so sink and flow along the bottom. These channels are the main transport pathway for sediments to the deep sea where they form sedimentary deposits. These deposits ultimately hold not only untapped reserves of gas and oil, they also house important secrets—from clues on past climate change to the ways in which mountains were formed. The team studied the detailed flow within these channels and findings included: The central tenet of the Black Sea deluge hypothesis is that as the ocean rose at the end of the last Ice Age when the massive ice sheets melted, the sealed Bosporus was overtopped in a spectacular flood that increased the then fresh water Black Sea Lake 50%, and drove people from the shores for many months. This was supported by findings of undersea explorer Robert Ballard, who discovered settlements along the old shoreline; scientists dated the flood to 7500 BP or 5500 BC from fresh-salt water microflora.
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Meehan, RL 2011 The Baldwin Hills dam designer, engineer Ralph Proctor, had also worked as an assistant civil engineer for the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power on the failed St. Francis Dam,Coroner's Inquest 1928 and had subsequently devised new methods of producing compacted earth fill in building its replacement.Rogers 2011 Proctor aggressively proceeded with the Baldwin Hills project even in the face of safety concerns and disagreements over important design details raised within his own department. Late in 1963, when the Baldwin Hills failure occurred, coincidentally also happened to be the time of another notable public disaster. Only two months before, at the Vajont Dam in Italy, a massive landslide into the reservoir created a seiche, which overtopped the dam, thereby flooding the valley below and causing the deaths of about 2000 people. The Baldwin Hills Reservoir had been built, as were others, to assure an ample supply of safe water for the people of Los Angeles in case of a catastrophe such as an earthquake, fire, or war, and its failure was a blow to engineering confidence and the subject of many writings and two professional conferences (1972 and 1987, see references).
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HabitLeucospermum calligerum is a shrub of ½–2 m (1½–6 ft) high and up to in circumference, with a single main stem at its foot, wand-shaped stems, branching at wide angles, initially horizontal or directly rising up, generally long, thick when flowering, covered in minute soft crinkly hairs and also with longer soft straight or curvy hairs. Its simple, tough, leathery, grey to olive-colored, oval to long-oval leaves are set alternately, overlapping or more scattered along the branches, and have a blunt or pointy thickened tip, sometimes with two or three very small teeth, with a rounded or narrowing base, long, and 4¼–8½ mm (0.17–0.33 in) wide, often with distinct veins, greyish due to minute soft crinkly hairs and sometimes with longer soft straight or bend hairs, often felty when young. The hemisphere-shaped flower heads are nearly seated or sit on a stalk of up to long, mostly with two to six together, rarely individually, near the end of the branches. Older clusters of flower heads can be overtopped by young growth and then appear to be placed along a branch.
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One of the three honden of in Shiojiri, Nagano, which were built in 1672, was severely damaged by a fallen tree. The hall of worship at Hirano Shrine in Kyoto, which was constructed in 794, was destroyed by the typhoon. Part of the cliff on the south side of Ueda Castle collapsed, while an iron roof tile was blown off at the Katakurakan building in Suwa, Nagano. The trunk of a 400-year-old beech tree in the Shirakami-Sanchi was snapped by Jebi's strong winds. Damage to the Kansai International Airport Access Bridge, viewed from the bridge on September 9 Kansai International Airport was forced to close on September 4, as waves reaching in height overtopped coastal defenses and left a runway and cargo facilities inundated. Access to the island was cut off on September 4 when a 2,591-tonne tanker was unmoored by Jebi's strong winds and collided with the only bridge connecting the airport to the mainland. As a result, 8,000 passengers and staff were stranded in the airport and were evacuated by ferries and speedboats on September 5. The 11 crewmembers on board the tanker were uninjured and were rescued by the coast guard.
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