She speaks slowly and gently — and of her clients, almost maternally.
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All of his maternally forced matches were seemingly young, intelligent, and westernized women.
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Because it's passed down maternally, it only gives insight into one side of the lineage.
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The German study also found no increase in the rate of maternally requested C-sections.
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Isolde pouts on the floor in front of the couch as Brangäne maternally strokes Isolde's hair.
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DNA tests have confirmed that the adult, the older child and the youngest were maternally related, according to Strelzin.
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I am born to the clans Ta'neeszahnii (Tangle clan) and Naakai dine'é (The Mexican Clan) of the Diné, maternally.
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The Kensington Hotel is offering parenting sessions with Sarajane Ambrose, the founder of nanny and maternity nurse agencies Imperial Nannies and Maternally Yours.
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Ultimately, though, it shows that naked, she's a vulnerable young girl, even if aesthetically and maternally she must provide her body every day for Versailles.
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Those mitochondrial DNA sequences are compared to a family member who is maternally related to the unidentified American, as it's passed down only from the mother.
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" Beal hopes that the experience will help the young women to feel emotionally supported as well, adding somewhat maternally, "When you make something together, it brings you closer.
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During this whimsically informative overview of psychological experimentation in the 20th century, they dutifully transform themselves into drug-addicted rats, maternally challenged monkeys, lobotomy recipients and miffed psychologists.
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One effect of devoting so much space to intensely realized female interiority is to render the women vividly dynamic and mobile—restless, yearning, ambitious—even when reactionary or just maternally sedentary.
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The procedure, which the U.S. government has forbidden due to perceived risks to the mother and child, is designed to help families with mitochondrial diseases passed down maternally, affecting around one in 6,500 children worldwide.
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One of her shots, Motherhood, a photo of one of the giant animals maternally cuddling her cubs, won this year's Grand Prize for the Smithsonian's 14th Annual Photo Contest, besting more than 20,000 other international submissions.
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The show contrasts Adam with the only other father in his school parent's group: Lowell (Matt Cook), who after four years as a stay-at-home dad has become a limp eel of a man, maternally reaching to dab dirt off Adam's face by instinct.
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Her firm yet casual de-escalation set such a tone for both her dominant, efficient, tactically shrewd performance at the Open and the recalibration of her image (from insurmountable god to maternally human) that when she exploded in Saturday's final against Naomi Osaka, my heart broke.
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The Hangover It is post-Glastonbury festival and to give you a colored tapestry of my emotional state, I have sobbed about the following things in quick succession: a dry heave over my dirty toilet bowl; listening to "Hero" by Foo Fighters on the way to McDonald's, pausing the song in an attempt to stop crying momentarily, which made it worse; knocking over the potions and lotions on my dresser; being inside my small shower and having a minor existential crisis that swung into a wet panic attack after my mind sat for a moment on the idea of human beings coming into life alone and leaving it just the same; my favorite grocery store worker, a lip-glossed middle-aged, brassy, and happy woman, smiling at me maternally and calling me "babe"; fluffy animals.
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It has been observed that both rasiRNA and piRNA are maternally linked, but more specifically it is the Piwi protein subfamily that is maternally linked and therefore leads to the observation that rasiRNA and piRNA are maternally linked.
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Gymnosperms, such as pine trees, mostly pass on chloroplasts paternally, while flowering plants often inherit chloroplasts maternally. Flowering plants were once thought to only inherit chloroplasts maternally. However, there are now many documented cases of angiosperms inheriting chloroplasts paternally. Angiosperms, which pass on chloroplasts maternally, have many ways to prevent paternal inheritance.
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MEG3 (maternally expressed 3) is a maternally expressed, imprinted long non- coding RNA gene. At least 12 different isoforms of MEG3 are generated by alternative splicing. Expression of MEG3 is lost in cancer cells. It acts as a growth suppressor in tumour cells, and activates p53.
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The emphasis put forward, however complex, is that female is the default sex, and males occur though maternally-derived silencing.
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In molecular biology, Maternally expressed 8 (non-protein coding), also known as MEG8 or Rian (RNA Imprinted and Accumulated in Nucleus), is a long non- coding RNA. It is an imprinted gene, which is maternally expressed. It is expressed in the nucleus and (in an eight-week-old sheep) is preferentially expressed in skeletal muscle.
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Igf2 is an example of genomic imprinting. In mice, the insulin-like growth factor 2 gene, Igf2, which is linked to hormone production and increased offspring growth is paternally expressed (maternally silenced) and the insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor gene Igf2r, which binds the growth protein and so slows growth, is maternally expressed (paternally silenced). The offspring is normal sized when both genes are present, or both genes are absent. When the maternally expressed gene (Igf2r) is experimentally knocked out the offspring has an unusually large size, and when the paternally expressed gene (Igf2) is knocked out, the offspring is unusually small.
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The manufacture of pederin is largely confined to adult female beetles--larvae and males only store pederin acquired maternally (i.e., through eggs) or by ingestion.
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Tewodros II, nəgusä nägäst The Amhara have contributed many rulers over the centuries, including Haile Selassie.Kjetil Tronvoll, Ethiopia, a new start?, (Minority Rights Group: 2000) Haile Selassie's mother was paternal of Oromo descent and maternally of Gurage heritage, while his father is both paternally and maternally Amhara. Its through his paternal grandmother's royal lineage, through which he was able to ascend to the Imperial throne.
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Zeta was united into the Serbian Despotate in 1421, after Balša III abdicated and passed the rule to his uncle, Despot Stefan Lazarević (maternally a Nemanjić).
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His father was of Swedish and Irish descent, and his mother is of Irish, English, and French-Canadian ancestry. Maternally, he is distantly related to author Nathaniel Hawthorne.
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Expression of tailless is activated by torso protein in the poles of the embryo. Tailless is also regulated in a complex manner by the maternal-effect gene bicoid. Both embryonically-transcribed hunchback and maternally-transcribed hunchback are activated by bicoid protein in the anterior and is inhibited in the posterior by nanos protein. Embryonically-transcribed hunchback protein is able to exhibit the same effects on Krüppel and knirps as maternally-transcribed hunchback.
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Mice whose paternally inherited Grb10 gene is inactivated are more aggressive while those whose maternally inherited allele is inactivated exhibit foetal overgrowth and are significantly bigger than wild-type litter-mates.
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In contrast to this, selective mothers form bonds to specific individual young and will show maternal responsiveness only to these young. In sheep, young to whom the ewe is not maternally bonded will be received with aggression, generally head-butting and turning in circles away from the lamb. Another feature of this maternally selective bond is that it is difficult to break, and very difficult to establish new bonds outside of the period immediately surrounding parturition.
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PLoS Genet. 10(5). e1004384, Dilkes, Spielman, Weizbauer, Watson, Burkart-Waco, et al. (2008) The maternally expressed WRKY transcription factor TTG2 controls lethality in interploidy crosses of Arabidopsis. PLoS biology. 6(12).
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Specification of endoderm depends on rearrangement of maternally deposited determinants, leading to nuclearization of Beta-catenin. Mesoderm is induced by signaling from the presumptive endoderm to cells that would otherwise become ectoderm.
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Chief Mrs. Betty Oghometite Efekodha (Hon. Commissioner, Ministry Of Women Affairs, Community and Social Development) hails paternally and maternally from Emevor and Oghara-Iyede all in Isoko North Local Government Area of Delta State.
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Sea urchins exhibit highly stereotyped cleavage patterns and cell fates. Maternally deposited mRNAs establish the organizing center of the sea urchin embryo. Canonical Wnt and Delta-Notch signaling progressively segregate progressive endoderm and mesoderm.McClay, D. R. 2009.
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In the second phase of prophase I, zygotene (from the Greek for "conjugation"), all maternally and paternally derived chromosomes have found their homologous partner. The homologous pairs then undergo synapsis, a process by which the synaptonemal complex (a proteinaceous structure) aligns corresponding regions of genetic information on maternally and paternally derived non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosome pairs. The paired homologous chromosome bound by the synaptonemal complex are referred to as bivalents or tetrads. Sex (X and Y) chromosomes do not fully synapse because only a small region of the chromosomes are homologous.
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Genomic conflicts often arise because not all genes are inherited in the same way. Probably the best example of this is the conflict between uniparentally (usually but not always, maternally) inherited mitochondrial and biparentally inherited nuclear genes. Indeed, one of the earliest clear statements about the possibility of genomic conflict was made by the English botanist Dan Lewis in reference to the conflict between maternally inherited mitochondrial and biparentally inherited nuclear genes over sex allocation in hermaphroditic plants. A single cell typically contains multiple mitochondria, creating a situation for competition over transmission.
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Virtually nothing is known of the dwarf black stingray's natural history. It is presumably aplacental viviparous, with the developing embryos sustained by maternally produced histotroph ("uterine milk") as in other stingrays. Males attain sexual maturity at around across.
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John de Lotbinière MacDonald (c. 1857 - 1935), paternal grandson of John MacDonald of Garth was the 22nd clan chief. Maternally, his grandfather was Robert Unwin Harwood, and Michel-Eustache- Gaspard-Alain Chartier de Lotbinière was his great-grandfather.
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Pallister–Killian does not appear to be hereditary. Some research has suggested that the presence of the extra chromosome may be linked to premeiotic mitotic errors, both maternally and paternally. Several theories regarding the mechanism of this formation have been introduced.
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Przybilla was born the third of four children of Doug, an American Express employee, and Linda Przybilla, a middle school teacher's assistant. He is of German (maternally) and Polish descent. He and his wife, Noelle, have two sons, Anthony and Jayden.
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The AS-IC is thought to control methylation of the PWS-IC. The red boxes represent maternally transcribed genes, while the blue represents paternally transcribed genes. The direction of transcription is indicated by the arrows. Adapted from Trends in Neurosci.
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Many of these targets are genes that are expressed maternally. Similarly, in Xenopus, the miR-430 ortholog miR-427 has been shown to target maternal mRNAs for deadenylation. Specifically, miR-427 targets include cell cycle regulators such as Cyclin A1 and Cyclin B2.
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The liver was also the main target organ in mice. Pathology is similar as in rats, with apoptosis and hepatocellular hyperplasia. Fumonisin B1 is possibly embryotoxic if the dose is maternally toxic. A number of studies on genotoxicity indicated no mutagenetic effects.
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Little information is available on the natural history of the circular stingaree. It is aplacental viviparous, with the developing embryos sustained by maternally produced histotroph ("uterine milk"). Judging from related species, litter sizes are probably small. Males attain sexual maturity at below long.
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The third and last baronetcy was created in 1809 in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom for a prominent physician descended maternally from the fifth Baronet of the previous creation. It too became extinct with the death of the fourth Baronet (third generation) in 1897.
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Additionally, the female-biased sex ratio can be maternally inherited. While the skewed ratios have only been observed in three populations in Japan, this phenomenon is not unheard of. In other taxa such as wasps and various crustaceans, infection with Wolbachia can skew sex ratios.
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Avramov finished high school in Sušak, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, in 1936. She was maternally related to Petar Preradović and Pavle Solarić. During World War II, eleven members of her family were murdered at Jasenovac concentration camp. She graduated in the Zagreb Law Faculty in 1947.
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The title also gave rise to a family name, the aristocratic Doukas clan, which in the 9th–11th centuries provided several Byzantine emperors and generals, while later bearers of the name (maternally descended from the original family) founded the Despotate of Epirus in northwestern Greece.
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A paradigm used to study genomic imprinting is kinship theory. Kinship theory argues that imprinting evolves due to conflicts between the interests of paternal and maternal genes within an infant, specifically in regards to infant use of maternal resources. Mothers can have children who have different fathers, therefore paternally- derived genes are expected to exploit maternal resources in favor of offspring growth, while maternally-derived genes are expected to constrain maternal resource allocation in order to spread resources over multiple offspring. Through kinship theory, the occurrence of Prader-Willi Syndrome is theorized to result from the absence of the paternally derived gene, and the only copy is the maternally 'silent' copy.
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Relationships between females may vary. Maternally related females in a troop tend to be friendly towards each other and associate closely. Otherwise, females have few friendly encounters and commonly act aggressively towards each other. Females may fight for social access to males and a male may intervene.
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The posterior group genes include nanos. Similar to bicoid, nanos is localized to the posterior pole as a graded morphogen. The only role of nanos is to repress the maternally transcribed hunchback mRNA in the posterior. Another protein, pumilio, is required for nanos to repress hunchback.
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Polar body diagnosis (PBD) can be used to detect maternally derived chromosomal aneuploidies as well as translocations in oocytes. The advantage of PBD over PGD is that it can be accomplished in a short amount of time. This is accomplished through zona drilling or laser drilling.
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Eyton-Jones descended paternally from the Jones family of Tir Llanerch in Carrog, near Corwen and maternally from the Eytons of Craig Ddu in Llantysilio, near Llangollen. Born at Plas Isaf in Llangar, near Corwen, Merionethshire in 1832, Welsh speaking Eyton-Jones moved to Wrexham in 1848.
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Others included the Duke of Éstrées, great-nephew of Gabrielle d'Estrées, a mistress of King Henri IV. Her descendants include Hélie, Duke of Noailles. Others include Adrienne de Noailles, wife of the famous marquis de Lafayette; Philippe, King of the Belgians also descended maternally from Françoise Charlotte.
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In sheep, young to whom the ewe is not maternally bonded will be received with aggression, generally head-butting and turning in circles away from the lamb.Lévy, F., Keller, M & Poindron, P, 2004. Olfactory regulation of maternal behavior in mammals. Hormones and behavior, 46(3), p.284-302.
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Mutated alleles expressing allelic heterogeneity can be classified as adaptive or disadaptive. These mutations can occur in the germ line cells, somatic cells, or in the mitochondrial. Mutations in germ line cells can be inherited as well as mitochondrial allelic mutations. The mitochondrial allelic mutations are inherited maternally.
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Georgiana's paternal ancestors included the Schuyler family, the Van Cortlandt family and the Delancey family of British North America. They had issue # Sir Gerald William Henry Codrington, 1st Bt., of Dodington Park (1850–1929), married in 1887 his first half-cousin maternally, Lady Edith Henrietta Sybil Denison (d.
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Kittens are protected from infection by maternally derived antibody until weaning, usually around 5–7 weeks of age; therefore, it is possible to prevent infection of kittens by removing them from sources of infection. However, FCoV is a very contagious virus and such prevention does require rigorous hygiene.
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Upamiętnienie pola elekcyjnego w 400-lecie stołeczności Warszawy, pod red. Marka Tarczyńskiego, Rytm, Warsaw 1997, pass. The Lubomirski family was related to almost all the dynasties ruling in Europe, the Capetien, Bourbon, Liudolfing, Wittelsbach, Hohenzollern, and Rurykowicz dynasties. The family is maternally related to the Piast of Masovia family.
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Kinship is an essential ingredient and the basis of any tribe. By contrast, some European tribes are only paternally related; however, Assyrian tribes are both paternal and maternal. The Nochiyaye are mostly paternal descendants of the Matran family of the Gida House; the rest are mostly related maternally.
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Complex compound heterozygous variants were identified in the NUBPL gene in this patient. In exon 2, a paternally-inherited G>A point mutation (c.166 G>A) resulting in missense substitution of gly56-to-arg (G56R) was observed. Two variants were maternally-inherited: T>C point mutation (c.
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LHON, correlated with mutations in MT- CO1, is characterized by optic nerve dysfunction, causing subacute or acute central vision loss. Some patients may display neurological or cardiac conduction defects. Because this disease is a result of mitochondrial DNA mutations affecting the respiratory chain complexes, it is inherited maternally.
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Even more importantly, it perpetuated the circulation of the virus in the cattle population. The pioneers of inoculation did contribute significantly to knowledge about infectious diseases. Their experiments confirmed the concepts of those who saw infectious diseases as caused by specific agents, and were the first to recognize maternally derived immunity.
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Inherited hypoparathyroidism is rare and is due to a mutation in the calcium sensing receptor. Pseudohypoparathyroidism is maternally inherited and is categorized by hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. Finally, pseudo-pseudohypoparathyroidism is paternally inherited. Patients display normal parathyroid hormone action in the kidney, but exhibit altered parathyroid hormone action in the bone.
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The Duke was both paternally and maternally her third cousin, sharing as ancestors Frederick II, Elector of Saxony, and Margarete of Austria. Surprisingly, given their differing religious views, Lady Mary showed affection towards the Duke, as she kissed him out of court. The Duke was later sent back to his land.
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Maternally, Hassan (2009) found that the majority of Copts in Sudan (of a sample of 29) carried descendants of the macrohaplogroup N; of these, haplogroup U6 was most frequent (28%), followed by T1 (17%). In addition, Copts carried 14% M1 and 7% L1c. A 2015 study by Dobon et al.
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Csillaghy is the eldest child of Virginia von Fürstenberg and Baron Alexandre Csillaghy de Pacsér. His mother is a member of the Swabian Princely family of Fürstenberg and his father is a member of a Hungarian noble family. He descends maternally from the Agnelli family. Clara Agnelli was his great- grandmother.
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The white-edge freshwater whipray feeds mainly on small benthic organisms, including crustaceans, molluscs, and insect larvae. Reproduction is aplacental viviparous with the developing embryos sustained by maternally produced histotroph ("uterine milk"), as is the case in other stingrays. Newborns measure across; males and females mature sexually at and across respectively.
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Spiroplasma poulsonii is a maternally transmitted symbiont, meaning it is primarily inherited through the female germ line. This involves the co-option of the fly yolk proteins, which allow the symbiont to enter the developing ovary. In the fly hemolymph, S. poulsonii feeds on lipids as its primary food source.
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Cytoplasmic male sterility, as the name indicates, is under extranuclear genetic control (under control of the mitochondrial or plastid genomes). It shows non-Mendelian inheritance , with male sterility inherited maternally. In general, there are two types of cytoplasm: N (normal) and aberrant S (sterile) cytoplasms. These types exhibit reciprocal differences.
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As emperor, his name would have been Okinagatarashihi Hironuka Sumeramikoto (息長足日広額天皇). He was a grandson of Emperor Bidatsu, both paternally and maternally. His father was Prince Oshisakanohikohito-no-Ōe, his mother was Princess Nukate-hime, who was a younger sister of his father.Varley, p. 129.
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Hamiltonella defensa (H. defensa) is a species of bacteria. It is maternally or sexually transmitted and lives as an endosymbiont of whiteflies and aphids, meaning that it lives within a host, protecting its host from attack. It does this through bypassing the host's immune responses by protecting its host against parasitoid wasps.
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These diagnostic criteria include eczema, lymphoma, autoimmune disorder, recurrent bacterial or viral infections, family history of maternally related males with a WAS-related disorder, and absent or decreased WASp. X-linked congenital neutropenia can be diagnostically distinguished from XLT with persistent neutropenia, arrested development of the bone marrow, and normal WASp expression.
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It was said that during thunderstorms, Legedema would be frightened by the clapping sounds. While her mother was away hunting, Legedema would take shelter and hide under the film crew's trucks. (abc news). Over the filming period, Beverely Joubert admitted she became attached to the leopardess and felt maternally protective over her.
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While oscillatory transcription plays a key role in the progression of the yeast cell cycle, the CDK-cyclin machinery operates independently in the early embryonic cell cycle. Before the midblastula transition, zygotic transcription does not occur and all needed proteins, such as the B-type cyclins, are translated from maternally loaded mRNA.
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Vaccination of sows is common practice and reveals also a benefit to young pigs by prolonging the maternally level of antibodies. Several commercial vaccines are available including a trivalent one being used in sow vaccination and a vaccine against pdmH1N1(2009). In vaccinated sows multiplication of viruses and virus shedding are significantly reduced.
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His mother's family played an instrumental role in establishing the Islamia College in Jalandhar. Maternally, Khan is a descendant of the Sufi warrior-poet and inventor of the Pashto alphabet, Pir Roshan (also known as Bayazid Khan), a Burki born in Jalandhar who hailed from Kaniguram.Will Imran Khan go to Kaniguram? The Express Tribune.
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They simply used DNA testing to prove that the "Jesus son of Joseph" and the "Mariamne" in this tomb were not maternally related (i.e. that they did not have the same mother or grandmother). The film asserted that this DNA evidence suggests they were probably spouses. Critics contend they could have been paternally related (e.g.
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Virtually nothing is known of the natural history of the patchwork stingaree. Ecologically, it is apparently the tropical equivalent of the temperate sandyback stingaree. Reproduction is presumably aplacental viviparous like in other stingrays, with the developing embryos sustained by maternally produced histotroph ("uterine milk"). The litter size is probably small, judging by related species.
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Maternally, the Fur entirely belong to African-based derivatives of the macrohaplogroup L according to Hassan (2010). Of these mtDNA clades, the L0a1 (15.3%) and L1c (11.5%) lineages are most frequent. This altogether suggests that the genetic introgression into the Fur's ancestral population was asymmetrical, occurring primarily through Afro- Asiatic-speaking males rather than females.
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Leigh syndrome is a maternally inherited disorder and its diagnosis is established through genetic testing of the aforementioned mitochondrial genes, including MT-ND3. These complex I genes have been associated with a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, including Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with stroke-like episodes (MELAS) and the previously mentioned Leigh syndrome.
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The diet of the tubemouth whipray likely consists of crustaceans and small fishes. Like other stingrays, it is aplacental viviparous with the developing embryos nourished by maternally produced histotroph ("uterine milk"). One known specimen contained a single near-term pup measuring across. Males attain sexual maturity at under across, and females at under across.
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Maurice's father was Lewis Maurice, from the family line of Moeliwrch of Powys, Wales. He is descended maternally from the sister of Owain Glyndŵr. Maurice married Laetitia, a descendant of Glyndwr's opponent Henry Bolinbroke. Maurice had a daughter named Laetitia (also known as Anne), who inherited his estate and married David Williams of Glan Kynlleth.
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MtDNA is DNA located in mitochondria, an organelle that is found in human cells. The mitochondria is maternally inherited by all persons, and analysis of the mtDNA can provide information about maternal ancestry. MtDNA genomes are classified into different haplogroups based on a shared common ancestor. These distinct haplogroups provide information about ancient migration patterns.
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Male sterility can arise spontaneously via mutations in nuclear genes and/or cytoplasmic or cytoplasmic-genetic. In this case, the trigger for CMS is in the extranuclear genome - (mitochondria or chloroplast). The extra nuclear genome is only maternally inherited. Natural selection on cytoplasmic genes could also lead to low pollen production or male sterility.
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The feline panleukopenia virus is considered ubiquitous, meaning it is in virtually every place that is not regularly disinfected. The infection is highly contagious among unvaccinated cats. Antibodies against FPLV, produced by the adaptive immune system, play an important role in the feline response to the virus. Maternally-derived antibodies (MDA) efficiently protect kittens from fatal infection.
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The other girls pretend to sleep, while realizing how much they truly love Lauren. She returns this feeling when she maternally kisses each girl's forehead as she says goodnight. Jim starts to realize the depth of his feelings for Lauren. On the last night of the trip, Lauren puts on a beautiful black dress that she admired earlier.
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Another feature of this maternally selective bond is that it is difficult to break, and very difficult to establish new bonds outside of the period immediately surrounding parturition.Poindron, Pascal, Lévy, F. & Keller, Matthieu, 2007. Maternal responsiveness and maternal selectivity in domestic sheep and goats: the two facets of maternal attachment. Developmental Psychobiology, 49(1), p.54–70.
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According to Dr. Terry Melton, the hairs obtained from Jessica Ryen’s hand were either animal hairs or human hairs that came from herself or someone maternally related to her. Other hairs selected by Cooper’s expert Dr. Peter DeForest came from domestic dogs. Nevertheless, Judge Huff had also limited testing to hair without Antigen roots, essentially guaranteeing a negative result.
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Nuclear DNA analysis suggests that USR1 and USR2 are closely related, probably somewhere roughly in the range from half- siblings to first cousins. However, mtDNA analysis shows that the two infants are not maternally related. The two infants carry mtDNA lineages that are only found in the Americas. USR1, the 6- to 12-week-old infant, comes from C1b.
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A well studied example of uniparental inheritance involves the poky mutants of Neurospora crassa. The original poky mutant was isolated by Mitchell and Mitchell in 1952 as a spontaneously occurring slow growing variant. In genetic crosses, the poky phenotype was found to be maternally inherited. The protoperithecial parent is regarded as the female (maternal) parent in Neurospora.
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Alfred Mulock Rogers was born on 30 June 1926 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He was the only child of Adèle Cawthra Mulock (1904–1970) and Alfred Rogers. Maternally he was descended from the Mulock family, headed by Sir William Mulock KCMG, the former Postmaster-General of Canada and one of the wealthiest families in the then-Dominion of Canada.
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For example, in the P-M system, where the P strain contributes paternally and M strain contributes maternally, dysgenesis can occur. The reverse cross, with M cytotype father and P mother, produces normal offspring, as it crosses in a P x P or M x M manner. P male chromosomes can cause dysgenesis when crossed with an M female.
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Dunn Gardner married twice. His first wife, whom he married in 1847, was Mary Lawson (d. 13 April 1851), elder daughter of Andrew Lawson, of Boro Bridge, Boroughbridge, co York formerly MP for Knaresborough, and granddaughter maternally of the late Sir Thomas Gooch, Bt., of Benacre, co. Suffolk. By her, he had issue, one son and one daughter.Ruvigny.
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Virtually nothing is known of the natural history of the Coral Sea stingaree. It is presumably aplacental viviparous like other stingrays, with developing embryos provisioned with maternally produced histotroph ("uterine milk"). Newborns measure around long; the litter size is probably small based on related species. Males and females attain sexual maturity at under and long respectively.
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These data show that chirality is heritable and maternally deposited in Lymnaea. Several studies have begun to investigate the molecular basis of this inheritance. Nodal and Pitx2 are expressed on different sides of the L. stagnalis embryo depending on its chirality – right for dextral, left for sinistral. Downstream of Nodal, decapentaplegic (dpp), shows the same expression pattern.
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Both the infected group and the cured groups were then infected with WNV. Flies infected with Wolbachia were found to have a changed phenotype that caused resistance to WNV. The phenotype was found to be caused by a “dominant, maternally transmitted, cytoplasmic factor”. The WNV-resistance phenotype was then reversed by curing the fruit flies of Wolbachia.
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Maternally, Hassan (2009) found that Copts in Sudan exclusively carry various descendants of the macrohaplogroup N. This mtDNA clade is likewise closely associated with local Afroasiatic- speaking populations, including Berbers and Ethiopid peoples. Of the N derivatives borne by Copts, U6 is most frequent (28%), followed by the haplogroup T (17%). A 2015 study by Dobon et al.
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12, and adoptive grandson of no.8 # Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Serapio, consul 138 BC, son of no.14 and grandson maternally of no.8 (Scipio Africanus) # Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica (consul 111 BC), son of the previous # Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica, praetor 94 BC, son of the previous # Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus (consul 83 BC), descendant of no.
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Use in pregnant women is limited due to high incidence of abortion shown in animal experiments. Because of this, latanoprost is classified as risk factor C (adverse events were observed in animal reproduction studies at maternally toxic doses) according to United States Food and Drug Administration's use-in-pregnancy ratings. Drug excretion in breast milk is unknown.
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On occasion, it may also consume invertebrates and even small penguins and rats. Reproduction is aplacental viviparous, in which the developing embryos are nourished by yolk and maternally produced histotroph ("uterine milk"). The female gives birth to 4–8 pups during summer. The coffin ray can deliver a severe, albeit non-fatal, shock to a human.
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The gene MKRN3, which is a maternally imprinted gene, was first cloned by Jong et al. in 1999. MKRN3 was originally named Zinc finger protein 127. It is located on human chromosome 15 on the long arm in the Prader-Willi syndrome critical region2, and has since been identified as a cause of premature sexual development or CPP.
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Her paternal grandmother, Katharine, Duchess of Kent, is the daughter of Sir William Arthington Worsley of Hovingham, 4th Baronet. She descends maternally from the Austrian Tomaselli family. Lady Amelia is the younger sister of Edward Windsor, Lord Downpatrick, and Lady Marina Windsor. She is a third cousin of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex.
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This action occurs by the alteration of the hosts' reproductive biology, such as causing imbalanced sex-ratios in offspring. A. nasoniae is a maternally inherited parasitic bacterium which infects the parasitoid wasp species Nasonia vitripennis. Genetically, female wasp offspring are diploid and develop from fertilised eggs. Males on the other hand are haploid and develop from unfertilised eggs.
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This points to significant patrilineal gene flow from neighbouring Afro-Asiatic-speaking populations. The remaining Masalit are primarily carriers of the A3b2 lineage (18.8%), which is instead common among Nilotes. Maternally, the Masalit entirely belong to African-based derivatives of the macrohaplogroup L according to Hassan (2010). Of these mtDNA clades, the L0a1 (14.6%) and L1c (12.2%) lineages are most frequent.
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He is grandson of veteran political leader V.R. Nedunchezhiyan, who was a former finance minister of the state of Tamil Nadu, India and was also the acting chief minister of Tamil Nadu in two tenures. Maternally he is the grandson of Col.Dr. M. D. K. Kuthalingam, who was a former vice chancellor of Madurai Kamaraj University. He has also been Jeevan's mentor.
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Her DNA linked her, maternally, to individuals in Virginia and North Carolina. However, when contacted, those individuals told investigators they did not know who Miss X is. Early in the investigation, a sketch of Miss X was released to the public. In 2013, the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children reconstructed her face with a much more precise and detailed method.
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The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases, and to the subfamily of aminophospholipid-transporting ATPases. The aminophospholipid translocases transport phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine from one side of a bilayer to another. This gene is maternally expressed. It maps within the most common interval of deletion responsible for Angelman syndrome, also known as 'happy puppet syndrome'.
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Mitochondrial inheritance in humans: the mtDNA and its mutations are maternally transmitted. Inheritance of extrachromosomal DNA differs from the inheritance of nuclear DNA found in chromosomes. Unlike chromosomes, ecDNA does not contain centromeres and therefore exhibits a non- Mendelian inheritance pattern that gives rise to heterogeneous cell populations. In humans, virtually all of the cytoplasm is inherited from the egg of the mother.
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The Otaibah (, also spelled Otaiba, Utaybah) is a tribe originating in Saudi Arabia. Many members of the Saudi royal family descend maternally from the tribe , which is distributed throughout Saudi Arabia and the Middle East. The Otaibah are descended from the Bedouin. They trace back to the Mudar family and belong to the Qays ʿAylān confederacy through its previous name, Hawazin.
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Although they were not able to perfect the inoculation procedure, they did make some useful observations. Reinders resumed his experiments in 1774, concentrating on the inoculation of calves from cows that had recovered from rinderpest. He was probably the first to make practical use of maternally derived immunity. The detailed results of his trials were published in 1776 and reprinted in 1777.
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Since XFDL156 is a factor that interacts with p53, the localization of this protein is in the nucleus (Sasai et al., 2008). The mRNA of XFDL156 is maternally deposited and then expressed zygotically. The gene expression timeline shows a higher level of expression at early gastrula and a half decrease in expression at mid-gastrula and by the stage 20 the expression fades.
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Poky is a mutant of the fungus Neurospora crassa that has extranuclear inheritance. Poky is characterized by slow growth, a defect in mitochondrial ribosome assembly and deficiencies in several cytochromes. The studies of poky mutants were among the first to establish an extranuclear mitochondrial basis for inheritance of a particular genotype. It was initially found, using genetic crosses, that poky is maternally inherited.
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This removal explains many of the specific gene losses. For example, the Rickettsia species, which relies on specific energy substrate from its host, has lost many of its native energy metabolism genes. Similarly, most small genomes have lost their amino acid biosynthesizing genes, as these are found in the host instead. One exception is the Buchnera, an obligate maternally transmitted symbiont of aphids.
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Her mother, Suzy Rosin (1944–2005), was the basis of her 2008 book. She is of Polish Jewish descent, maternally. Paternally, she is of Russian-Jewish descent. Her paternal grandfather, Carl Rosman (1914–2005), arrived at Ellis Island on August 4, 1922, on the S.S. Berengaria with his parents Emanuel and Rose and his sisters Irma and Berta from Transylvania.
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Maize was the first species where heterosis was widely used to produce hybrids. Statistical methods were also developed to analyze gene action and distinguish heritable variation from variation caused by environment. In 1933 another important breeding technique, cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), developed in maize, was described by Marcus Morton Rhoades. CMS is a maternally inherited trait that makes the plant produce sterile pollen.
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Typically, these genetic changes are frameshift, nonsense, or missense mutations that alter DNA-binding and gene transcription. While many are de novo, one-third of cases have been maternally inherited in a similar manner as X-linked inheritance. Furthermore, one report of homozygous missense mutation p.D293N within the ligand-binding domain of SF-1 revealed autosomal recessive inheritance was also possible.
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Bacon was the second of the three sons of Nicholas Bacon, son and heir of Nicholas Bacon, of Shrubland Hall, Barham, Suffolk. Paternally he was descended from Sir Nicholas Baker; and maternally from the Earl of Sandwich. His mother was the Lady Catherine Montagu, youngest daughter of Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich. Bacon was born at Coddenham, and educated at Westminster School.
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In human genetic genealogy (the application of genetics to traditional genealogy), use of the information contained in the Y chromosome is of particular interest because, unlike other chromosomes, the Y chromosome is passed exclusively from father to son, on the patrilineal line. Mitochondrial DNA, maternally inherited to both sons and daughters, is used in an analogous way to trace the matrilineal line.
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Holland finds that; > Like other mammals, Catarrhini primate demographics are strongly influenced > by ecological conditions, particularly density and distribution of food > sources... Cohesive social groups and delayed natal dispersal mean that > maternally related individuals, including maternal siblings, face a > statistically reliable context of interaction in all Catarrhini primates. > This reliable context of interaction with maternally related individuals is > extended amongst those species with female philopatry (especially > Cercopithecinae).Maximilian Holland 2012, Social Bonding and Nurture > Kinship: Compatibility between Cultural and Biological Approaches, > CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, North Charleston. Page 279 As with other social mammals, evidence suggest that the reliability of 'behaviour-evoking-situations' this social context provides has shaped the mechanisms of proximate expression of social bonding and behavior; > Adoption of infants by females (and sometimes males) demonstrates that care- > giving and bonding to infants is not mediated by positive powers of > discrimination.
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Some of these spiritual lineages are cited by van Bruinessen in his study of the Banten Sultanate, particularly in regard to Sunan Gunung Jati who was an initiate of various Sufi orders. Although popular belief sometimes refers to the wali sanga as "founders" of Islam on Java, the religion was present by the time the Chinese Muslim admiral Zheng He arrived during his first voyage (1405-1407 CE). Many of the earliest Wali Sanga had Chinese ancestry both paternally and maternally; for example, Sunan Ampel (Chinese name Bong Swi Ho), Sunan Bonang (Ampel's son, Bong Ang), and Sunan Kalijaga (Gan Si Cang). The theory of Chinese ancestry maternally of Wali Sanga was publicized for the very first time in the book entitled "The Collapse of Javanese Hindu Kingdom" (1968), which is stating that the Wali Sanga are descendants of Chinese Muslims.
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Samaun was born on 15 April 1931 in Magetan. He was the fourth child of Dutch East Indies civil service Samadikun, later became East Java governor, and Mubandi. Samaun was maternally a descendant of Sultan Hamengkubuwono I. As a teenager, Samaun knew radio transceiver in details and helped Tentara Genie Pelajar (Engineering Teenage Army) applying radio. Samaun attended Tweede Europesche School (primary school) in Ponorogo and Kediri.
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A mutation in the MT-TE gene has been found in a small number of people with maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD). People with this condition have diabetes and sometimes hearing loss, particularly of high tones. Affected individuals may also have muscle weakness (myopathy) and problems with their eyes, heart, or kidneys. This mutation likely impairs the ability of mitochondria to help trigger insulin release.
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A mutation in the MT-TK gene has been found in a small number of people with maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD). The disorder is characterized by diabetes combined with hearing loss, particularly of high pitches. Additional symptoms includemuscle weakness (myopathy) and various problems with a patient's eyes, heart, or kidneys. Mutations in the MT-TK gene disables the insulin release by the mitochondria.
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Grdan was part of the Nikšić tribe. The tribe had originated from Nikša, who was the son of ban Ilijon of Grbalj and maternally a Nemanjić. Nikša had moved to what is now Nikšić Municipality directly after the death of Serbian Emperor Stefan Dušan (1355), his relative. From Nikša sprung a powerful tribe, which gave its name to the old župa (county) of Onogošt.
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Female lizards exhibit three types of body colouration within a population: yellow, orange, and mixture of the two. These discrete traits are inherited maternally and exist throughout the individual's lifetime. The organism's colour morphs are determined by their genotype as well as their environment. The frequency of multiple morphs occurring in a population varies with the level of population density and frequency-dependent environments.
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The elder Kinney emigrated from Nappanee, Ontario in 1855, having settled at Erinville, Ontario during the Great Famine. The family was native to Coolkenno on the Wicklow-Carlow county border, Leinster Province, in the years when Ireland was still a colony of the United Kingdom. Maternally, Judge Kinney's family were from Ballina, Co. Tipperary. They settled at Herkimer, New York during the same period.
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Caroline de Hesse-Rheinfels-Rotenburg, by an unknown artist. On 24 July 1728, she married Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon, at Sarry in France. Louis Henri was a French prince of the Blood Royal and head of the House of Condé, a branch of the House of Bourbon. Maternally, he was a grandson of Louis XIV of France through his mother, one of the king's legitimated daughters.
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FCoV is a virus of the gastrointestinal tract. Most infections are either asymptomatic or cause diarrhea, especially in kittens, as maternally derived antibody wanes at between 5 and 7 weeks of age. The virus is a mutation of feline enteric coronavirus (FECV). From the gut, the virus very briefly undergoes a systemic phase, before returning to the gut where it is shed in the feces.
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This locus is maternally imprinted, meaning that only the paternal copy of the locus is transcribed. HBII-52 is exclusively expressed in the brain but is absent in PWS patients. HBII-52 lacks any significant complementarity with ribosomal RNAs, but does have an 18 nucleotide region of conserved complementarity to serotonin 2C receptor mRNA. The serotonin 2C receptor is also expressed in the brain.
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As the Dejanović brothers were maternally descended from the Nemanjić dynasty as grandsons of King Stefan Uroš III, they worked on expanding their rule and perhaps ultimately rule Serbia.Čupić 1914, p. 159 The brothers spoke of "our Empire", and their mother Teodora-Evdokija signed as Empress. Their state symbol was the white double-headed eagle and they minted coins according to the Nemanjić style.
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Each generation, in turn, is separated into four smaller sub-groups (in order of seniority): Djehou, Dongba, Agban and Assoukrou. The entire cycle of four generations lasts sixty years. This organizations exists within a system of clans, in which lineage is traced maternally. Despite this, a child is considered to be its father's, and it is the father who is responsible for naming the child.
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Wolbachia bacteria is responsible for one of the most prevalent diseases for O. scapulalis. These bacteria are maternally transmitted and their presence can cause many reproductive abnormalities in arthropods such as the adzuki bean borer. Namely, the bacteria can convert genetic males into functional females in a process known as feminization. This can skew the sex ratio of a population, which may in turn lower reproductive rates.
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A polar body biopsy is the sampling of a polar body, which is a small haploid cell that is formed concomitantly as an egg cell during oogenesis, but which generally does not have the ability to be fertilized. Compared to a blastocyst biopsy, a polar body biopsy can potentially be of lower costs, less harmful side-effects, and more sensitive in detecting abnormalities. The main advantage of the use of polar bodies in PGD is that they are not necessary for successful fertilisation or normal embryonic development, thus ensuring no deleterious effect for the embryo. One of the disadvantages of PB biopsy is that it only provides information about the maternal contribution to the embryo, which is why cases of maternally inherited autosomal dominant and X-linked disorders that are exclusively maternally transmitted can be diagnosed, and autosomal recessive disorders can only partially be diagnosed.
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Microchimerism is the presence of a small number of cells that are genetically distinct from those of the host individual. Most people are born with a few cells genetically identical to their mothers' and the proportion of these cells goes down in healthy individuals as they get older. People who retain higher numbers of cells genetically identical to their mother's have been observed to have higher rates of some autoimmune diseases, presumably because the immune system is responsible for destroying these cells and a common immune defect prevents it from doing so and also causes autoimmune problems. The higher rates of autoimmune diseases due to the presence of maternally- derived cells is why in a 2010 study of a 40-year-old man with scleroderma- like disease (an autoimmune rheumatic disease), the female cells detected in his blood stream via FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) were thought to be maternally-derived.
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Her grandparents were the Maharaja Nripendra Narayan Bhup Bahadur and Maharani Suniti Devi of Cooch Behar. Maharani Suniti Devi was the daughter of the Brahmo social reformer Keshab Chandra Sen. She had two brothers, Jagaddipendra Narayan and Indrajitendra Narayan of whom Jagaddipendra Narayan became Maharaja of Cooch Behar in his infancy after the death of their father in 1922. Thus she was closely connected maternally with Gaekwads of Baroda State.
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Maternal cells also synthesize and contribute a store of ribosomes that are required for the translation of proteins before the zygotic genome is activated. In mammalian oocytes, maternally derived ribosomes and some mRNAs are stored in a structure called cytoplasmic lattices. These cytoplasmic lattices, a network of fibrils, protein, and RNAs, have been observed to increase in density as the number of ribosomes decrease within a growing oocyte.
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In almost every species, mitochondrial DNA is maternally inherited. This means that all of the offspring of a female will have identical and homoplasmic mitochondrial DNA. It is very rare for females to pass on heteroplasmic or homoplasmic mutations because of the genetic bottleneck, where only a few out of many mitochondria actually are passed on to offspring. The mussel Mytilus edulis is an anomaly in terms of mitochondrial DNA inheritance.
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Maternally, Congalach was a member of Clann Cholmáin, the dominant branch of the southern Uí Néill, a grandson of Flann Sinna and sister's son of his predecessor as High King Donnchad Donn.Woolf, p. 151. The Annals of Innisfallen, rather than having Congalach as sole High King, associate him with his frequent enemy Ruaidrí ua Canannáin of the Cenél Conaill.McCarthy, Dan, "The Chronology of the Irish Annals", revised online version.
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His maternal uncle was King- Consort Francis of Spain (1822–1902) and maternally his first cousin was King Alfonso XII of Spain (1857–85), two years his senior. Ludwig Ferdinand was born in Madrid, but his younger siblings in Bavaria where they had returned. Ludwig II, Otto I and Ludwig III, Kings of Bavaria, were his first cousins. Alfonso XIII (reigned 1885–1931) was a first cousin's son.
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Usually found over soft substrates at a depth of , the greenback stingaree is a predator of polychaete worms and crustaceans. It is aplacental viviparous, with developing embryos are sustained by maternally produced histotroph ("uterine milk"). Females bear litters of 1-3 pups annually after a 10-12 month gestation period. Substantial numbers of greenback stingarees are caught incidentally in trawls; captured rays rarely survive and also tend to abort their young.
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The maximum recorded width is . A benthic predator, the lobed stingaree feeds mostly on crustaceans, and to a much lesser extent on small bony fishes, polychaete worms, and molluscs. It is aplacental viviparous, with females typically bearing a single pup every October or November after a gestation period of ten months. Developing embryos are nourished by maternally produced histotroph ("uterine milk") after they exhaust their supply of yolk.
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Ecologically, the sandyback stingaree is the temperate counterpart of the tropical patchwork stingaree. It preys primarily on crustaceans. Females have been known to use their stings to discourage unwanted suitors; one recorded specimen was found with a broken-off sting embedded in its back, that had been there for some time. Reproduction is aplacental viviparous, probably with the developing embryos sustained by maternally produced histotroph ("uterine milk") like in other stingrays.
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O. pumilio can also attribute its cutaneous toxicity to its rich diet of formicinae ants. Species of the formicine genus Brachymyrmex contain pumiliotoxins which the frogs incorporate and accumulate poison from. There is a variability of alkaloid profiles among populations and individuals of O. pumilio, which is indicative of varying levels of available prey within their infraspecific habitats. Research and physical analysis reveal that maternally derived alkaloids exist in young tadpoles.
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His mother was Empress (kōgō) Sadako (禎子内親王), the third daughter of Emperor Sanjō, making him the first Emperor in 170 years (since Emperor Uda) whose mother was not of Fujiwara descent paternally. His father and mother were grandchildren of Fujiwara no Michinaga maternally. The Empress mother of the future Emperor Go- Sanjō was also known as Tishi, and a Yōmei-mon In (1012–94).Brown, p. 314.
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Clea () is a fictional character, a sorceress appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. She is a sorceress and the disciple and lover of Doctor Strange. Created by co-plotters Stan Lee and Steve Ditko, Clea first appeared in the Doctor Strange feature in Strange Tales #126 (November 1964). Clea is a human-appearing being and maternally related to the other- dimensional Faltine race of energy beings.
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King Conrad, from the Codex Eberhardi, c. 1150 After the death of Louis the Child, Conrad was elected king of East Francia on 10 November 911 at Forchheim by the rulers of Saxony, Swabia and Bavaria. The dukes prevented the succession to the throne of Louis' Carolingian relative Charles the Simple, king of West Francia. They chose the Conradine scion, who was maternally related to the late king.
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The minimal deletion causing this syndrome has been defined as a 3 megabase region that contains the genes GPR35, GPC1 and STK25. Almost all deletions are found to be terminal deletions at the end of chromosome 2. There is a high frequency of de novo deletions, but multiple cases within a single family are also observed. Equal proportions of maternally and paternally derived rearrangements were seen in Aldred's series.
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He was born on 28 June 1957 in Baku to Aziz Azizov and Elmira Azizova. Maternally he is the great-grandson of Karim bey Mehmandarov and great-great-grandson of Bahman Mirza. He graduated with honors from the History Department of Azerbaijan State University named after Kirov in 1979. Starting from the same year, he held various responsible positions in the Central Committee of the Komsomol of Azerbaijan.
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The Uí Liatháin or "Sons of Liathán", whose long decayed and defunct kingdom the de Barrys by coincidence came to occupy, are notable for having raided other parts of Britain in antiquity from their fortresses in Wales and Cornwall. Also, notable that the de Barry family descend maternally, through Angharad and Nesta, from the ancient Welsh Prince Cunedda, whose sons were the Britons who ended the Uí Liatháin's dominance in Wales.
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Juvenile fish among the branches Seriatopora hystrix is a hermaphrodite, mature polyps producing both sperm and eggs. The sperm are liberated into the sea and get drawn into other polyps of the same or other colonies, and the developing larvae are brooded maternally. Self-fertilisation may be an important strategy for this species. When eventually released, the larvae settle within about 24 hours which suggests a limited dispersal range.
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Staufen is a protein product of a maternally expressed gene in Drosophila melanogaster that has been implicated in helping regulate genes important in determination of gradients that set up the anterior posterior axis such as bicoid and oskar. It is involved in targeting of the messenger RNA encoding these genes to the correct pole of the egg cell.Kelsey C. Martin, Anne Ephrussi (2009) Cell 136, 719–730. mRNA Localization: Gene Expression in the Spatial Dimension.
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In molecular biology, MER1 repeat containing imprinted transcript 1 (non- protein coding), also known as MIMT1 is a long non-coding RNA. It is an imprinted gene, which is paternally expressed. Deletion of this gene is lethal in cattle, causing still births and abortions. It is lethal in 85% of individuals with the deletion, it is thought that incomplete silencing of maternally imprinted alleles allows some individuals with the deletion to survive.
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She is shown gazing maternally at Plutus, who is looking back at her trustingly. The statue is an allegory for Plenty (i.e., Plutus) prospering under the protection of Peace; it constituted a public appeal to good sense. The copy in the Glyptothek was originally in the collection of the Villa Albani in Rome but was looted and taken to France by Napoleon I. Following Napoleon's fall, the statue was bought by Ludwig I of Bavaria.
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Most plants inherit mtDNA maternally with one noted exception being the redwood Sequoia sempervirens that inherit mtDNA paternally. There are two theories why the paternal mtDNA is not transmitted to the offspring. One is simply the fact that paternal mtDNA is at such a lower concentration than the maternal mtDNA and thus it is not detectable in the offspring. A second, more complex theory, involves the digestion of the paternal mtDNA to prevent its inheritance.
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Mediterranean flour moths are infected by Wolbachia, a genus of bacteria that affects the reproduction of its host species. These maternally-inherited bacteria cause cytoplasmic incompatibility in E. kuehniella, which means that sperm and eggs cannot join to form a viable embryo. Infected males produce sperm that is only compatible with eggs from infected females, resulting in a decrease in fitness for uninfected females. Different strains of Wolbachia cause different levels of cytoplasmic incompatibility.
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During development, TrxG proteins maintain activation of required genes, particularly the Hox genes, after maternal factors are depleted. This is accomplished by preserving the epigenetic marks, specifically H3K4me3, established by maternally-supplied factors. TrxG proteins are also implicated in X-chromosome inactivation, which occurs during early embryogenesis. it is unclear whether TrxG activity is required in every cell during the entire development of an organism or only during certain stages in certain cell types.
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In addition to the nuclear genome, endosymbiont organelles contain their own genetic material typically as circular plasmids. Mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA varies across taxa, but membrane-bound proteins, especially electron transport chain constituents are most often encoded in the organelle. Chloroplasts and mitochondria are maternally inherited in most species, as the organelles must pass through the egg. In a rare departure, some species of mussels are known to inherit mitochondria from father to son.
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Zafirlukast is considered to be "pregnancy category B." This is due, in part, to the wide safety margin of zafirlukast in animal studies investigating teratogenicity. No teratogenicity has been observed in doses up to 2000 mg/kg/day in cynomolgus monkeys, representing an equivalent 20x exposure of the maximum recommended daily oral dose in human adults. However, spontaneous abortions occurred in cynomolgus monkeys at 2000 mg/kg/day, though the dose itself was maternally toxic.
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When ARHI is introduced into cancer cells lacking this gene, many responses occur in addition to cyclin D1 down-regulation. These include induction of p21, activation of JNK, and reduced signaling through the Ras/MAP pathway. Thus, loss of any of these processes (arising from loss of ARHI) can lead to cancer. The "ARHI" gene is maternally imprinted (expressed monoallelically) and mapped specifically to 1p31, which is a common site for loss of heterozygosity (LOH).
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The spermatozoon that fertilizes an oocyte will contribute its pronucleus, the other half of the zygotic genome. In some species, the spermatozoon will also contribute a centriole, which will help make up the zygotic centrosome required for the first division. However, in some species, such as in the mouse, the entire centrosome is acquired maternally. Currently under investigation is the possibility of other cytoplasmic contributions made to the embryo by the spermatozoon.
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This is an imprinting error where the person receives two copies of chromosome 7 from the mother (maternally inherited) rather than one from each parent. Other genetic causes such as duplications, deletions and chromosomal aberrations have also linked to Silver–Russell syndrome. Interestingly, Silver–Russell patients have variable hypomethylation levels in different body tissues, suggesting a mosaic pattern and a postzygotic epigenetic modification issue. This could explain the body asymmetry of the SRS phenotype.
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In East Asia the system was often modelled on imperial China, the leading culture. Emperors conferred titles of nobility. Imperial descendants formed the highest class of ancient Chinese nobility, their status based upon the rank of the empress or concubine from which they descend maternally (as emperors were polygamous). Numerous titles such as Taizi (crown prince), and equivalents of "prince" were accorded, and due to complexities in dynastic rules, rules were introduced for Imperial descendants.
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The lions at Meknès were moved back to the palace in 1955, but those at Casablanca never came back. In the late 1960s, new lion enclosures were built in Temara near Rabat. Results of a mtDNA research revealed in 2006 that a lion kept in the German Zoo Neuwied originated from this collection and is very likely a descendant of a Barbary lion. Five lion samples from this collection were not Barbary lions maternally.
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IGF2 gene is also maternally imprinted meaning that the mother's gene is silenced. The mother's gene is typically methylated at the differentially methylated region (DMR); however, when hypomethylated, the gene is bi-allelically expressed. Thus, individuals with lower methylation states likely lost some of the imprinting effect. Similar results have been demonstrated in the Nr3c1 and Ppara genes of the offspring of rats fed on an isocaloric protein-deficient diet before starting pregnancy.
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The concept for Daycare Trust emerged in the 1970s in the context of the growing feminist movement. Many women desired both a family and a work life, but the childcare infrastructure was not in place. Additionally, the Children Act 1948 stigmatized parents for "dumping" their children in nurseries, categorizing those children as "at risk" and "maternally deprived." Activists, mostly women, from various organizations campaigned to establish nurseries in various places, primarily in colleges and universities.
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Maternally synthesized bicoid mRNAs attach to microtubules and are concentrated at the anterior ends of forming Drosophila eggs. In unfertilized eggs, transcripts are still strictly localized at the tip, but immediately after fertilization, a small mRNA gradient is formed in the anterior 20% of the eggs. Another report documents a mRNA gradient up to 40%. nanos mRNA also attaches to a Drosophila egg's cytoskeleton but is concentrated at the posterior end of the egg.
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In normal intraspecific crossings (resulting in normal hybrids of one species), the inheritance of plastid DNA appears to be quite strictly 100% uniparental. In interspecific hybridisations, however, the inheritance of plastids appears to be more erratic. Although plastids inherit mainly maternally in interspecific hybridisations, there are many reports of hybrids of flowering plants that contain plastids of the father. Approximately 20% of angiosperms, including alfalfa (Medicago sativa), normally show biparental inheritance of plastids.
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Weatherall was born the elder son of Captain Anthony Weatherall and Sophy Keswick. He is married to Clara Mary Johnston (b. 1960), elder daughter of Nicholas John Johnston by his wife Susanna Maria Chancellor, younger daughter of Sir Christopher Chancellor CMGSusanna Mary Chancellor was descended maternally from Sir Richard Paget, 1st Baronet and the 12th Earl of Winchilsea & Nottingham. Her niece is the actress Anna Chancellor, and a brother is the journalist Alexander Chancellor.
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H19 is only transcribed from the maternally inherited allele; the paternal H19 allele is not expressed. H19 was first named ASM (for Adult Skeletal Muscle) because of its expression in adult skeletal muscle ("ASM") in rats. H19 is also known as BWS because aberrant H19 expression can be involved in Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome ("BWS"), as well as Silver-Russell syndrome. Epigenetics deregulations at H19 imprinted gene in sperm have been observed associated with male infertility.
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LHON is a maternally inherited disease resulting in acute or subacute loss of central vision, due to optic nerve dysfunction. Cardiac conduction defects and neurological defects have also been described in some patients. LHON results from primary mitochondrial DNA mutations affecting the respiratory chain complexes. Mutations at positions 9438 and 9804, which result in glycine-78 to serine and alanine-200 to threonine amino acid changes, have been associated with this disease.
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She married Daniel Ortega and had eight children. According to Nicaraguan historian Roberto Sánchez, Murillo is maternally related to Nicaragua's national hero, Augusto Sandino. Murillo attended high school at the Greenway Convent Collegiate School in Tiverton, Great Britain, and studied Art at the Institut Anglo-Suisse Le Manoir at La Neuveville in Switzerland. Murillo possesses certificates in the English and French language, granted respectively by the University of Cambridge in Great Britain, and University of Neuchâtel in Switzerland.
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In general, a difference of two or more nucleotides is considered to be an exclusion. Heteroplasmy and poly-C differences may throw off straight sequence comparisons, so some expertise on the part of the analyst is required. mtDNA is useful in determining clear identities, such as those of missing people when a maternally linked relative can be found. mtDNA testing was used in determining that Anna Anderson was not the Russian princess she had claimed to be, Anastasia Romanov.
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Studies found a high incidence of gay males self-reporting gender-atypical behaviors in childhood, such as having little interest in athletics and a preference for playing with dolls.J. Michael Bailey, Joseph S. Miller, Lee Willerman; Maternally Rated Childhood Gender Nonconformity in Homosexuals and Heterosexuals, Archives of Sexual Behavior, Vol. 22, 1993. The same study found that mothers of gay males recalled such atypical behavior in their sons with much greater frequency than mothers of heterosexual males.
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For many infections, including measles, babies are not born into the susceptible compartment but are immune to the disease for the first few months of life due to protection from maternal antibodies (passed across the placenta and additionally through colostrum). This is called passive immunity. This added detail can be shown by including an M class (for maternally derived immunity) at the beginning of the model. MSIR compartmental modelTo indicate this mathematically, an additional compartment is added, M(t).
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Dyskeratosis congentia and Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson are two rare inherited syndromes caused by mutations in DKC1, the gene encoding for the pseudouridine synthase dyskerin. Pseudouridines have been recognized as regulators of viral latency processes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. Pseudouridylation has also been associated with the pathogenesis of maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD). In particular, a point mutation in a mitochondrial tRNA seems to prevent the pseudouridylation of one nucleotide, thus altering the tRNA tertiary structure.
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The mechanisms by which "Candidatus Cardinium" induces these conditions in hosts are thought to be different from the mechanisms used by Wolbachia. "Candidatus Cardinium" bacteria are maternally inherited; infections are maintained through generations through the egg cells (termed vertical transmission). It is estimated that 6-10% of all arthropods are infected with Cardinium bacteria. "Candidatus Cardinium" were first discovered in 1996 in the cells of deer ticks, although attempts to culture them independently of host cells were unsuccessful.
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Mustafa Shokay (Shokay, Chokay, Chokay-ogly; Kazakh language: Мұстафа Шоқай (ұлы); Russian language: Мустафа́ Шока́й); born on 25 December 1890, in Akmeshit (now Kyzyl-Orda, Kazakhstan) – died 27 December 1941, Berlin, The Third Reich) – was Kazakh social and political activist, publicist, thinker, scholar, statesman and public figure, ideologist of the struggle for freedom and independence of the Common Turkestan. He is the grandson of the ruler Torgai son begs Yer Shokai, maternally derived from the Kazakh Khanate of Khiva.
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With special nutritionally-enhanced diets, the insects can survive, but are unhealthy, and at best survive only a few generations. In some insect groups, these endosymbionts live in specialized insect cells called bacteriocytes (also called mycetocytes), and are maternally-transmitted, i.e. the mother transmits her endosymbionts to her offspring. In some cases, the bacteria are transmitted in the egg, as in Buchnera; in others like Wigglesworthia, they are transmitted via milk to the developing insect embryo.
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Fetal toxicity in women who are exposed to it during pregnancy, however, has not been proven. In animal experiments, it was fetotoxic at doses that were maternally toxic but no teratogenic effects were seen. In people with pre-existing heart problems, exposure to DCM can cause abnormal heart rhythms and/or heart attacks, sometimes without any other symptoms of overexposure. People with existing liver, nervous system, or skin problems may worsen after exposure to methylene chloride.
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Urzúa Flores was born in the town of Jocotepec, Jalisco, to José Urzúa Gutiérrez, a musician, and Rosario Flores Monroy, a schoolteacher from San Martín de Hidalgo. Her maternal grandfather Gerardo Flores was a physician who, at the request of Benito Juárez, settled in San Martín de Hidalgo. Maternally orphaned shortly after birth, Urzúa Flores was raised by her maternal aunts in San Martín de Hidalgo where she attended the Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez Primary School.
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Alternative splicing or deletion caused by a translocation event in this paternally-expressed region is responsible for Prader-Willi syndrome due to parental imprint switch failure. SNRPN-methylation is used to detect uniparental disomy of chromosome 15. After fluorescent-in-situ-hybridization has confirmed the presence of either SNRPN or UBE3A (a neighboring gene that is also imprinted), the methylation test (of SNRPN) can reveal whether the patient has uniparental disomy. SNRPN is maternally methylated (silenced).
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Genomic imprinting models have been proposed; one of their strengths is explaining the high male-to-female ratio in ASD. One hypothesis is that autism is in some sense diametrically opposite to schizophrenia and other psychotic- spectrum conditions, that alterations of genomic imprinting help to mediate the development of these two sets of conditions, and that ASD involves increased effects of paternally expressed genes, which regulate overgrowth in the brain, whereas schizophrenia involves maternally expressed genes and undergrowth.
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Another daughter Horatia Mary Fisher married Group Captain Geoffrey Mungo Buxton (1906–1979), a grandson maternally of the 3rd Earl of Verulam, and had three surviving daughters. Fisher was the brother of Herbert Fisher, Edmund Fisher, Charles Fisher, Florence Henrietta Darwin and Adeline Vaughan Williams. He was related to the Stephen family, and in 1910 his then command HMS Dreadnought was targeted in the Dreadnought hoax by Adrian Stephen, his sister Virginia Stephen (later Virginia Woolf) and others.
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CAP in older infants reflects increased exposure to microorganisms, with common bacterial causes including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Staphylococcus aureus. Maternally-derived syphilis is also a cause of CAP in infants. Viral causes include human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus, adenovirus, human parainfluenza viruses, influenza and rhinovirus, and RSV is a common source of illness and hospitalization in infants. CAP caused by fungi or parasites is not usually seen in otherwise-healthy infants.
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It is an aplacental viviparous species, wherein the developing embryos are nourished by yolk and later maternally provided histotroph ("uterine milk"). Females give birth to up to 60 young following a gestation period of one year. The electric shock of this species can be quite severe and painful, though it is not fatal. Because of its electrogenic properties, the Atlantic torpedo was used in medicine by the Ancient Greeks and Romans and became the namesake of the naval weapon.
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Since a male-sterile line cannot self- pollinate, seed formation is dependent upon pollen from another male line. Cytoplasmic male sterility is also used in hybrid seed production. In this case, male sterility is maternally transmitted and all progeny will be male sterile. These CMS lines must be maintained by repeated crossing to a sister line (known as the maintainer line) that is genetically identical except that it possesses normal cytoplasm and is therefore male-fertile.
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PLOS One. Retrieved 4 January 2017. It is the most common genetic cause of autism, accounting for approximately 1-3% of cases.Cook Jr, Edwin H., et al. "Autism or atypical autism in maternally but not paternally derived proximal 15q duplication." American journal of human genetics 60.4 (1997): 928. Dup15q syndrome includes both interstitial duplications and isodicentric duplications (i.e., Idic15) of 15q11.2-13.1. Important genes likely involved in the etiology of Dup15q syndrome include UBE3A, GABRA5, GABRB3, and GABRG3.
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The physical basis of the independent assortment of chromosomes is the random orientation of each bivalent chromosome along the metaphase plate with respect to the other bivalent chromosomes. Along with crossing over, independent assortment increases genetic diversity by producing novel genetic combinations. There are many deviations from the principle of independent assortment due to genetic linkage. Of the 46 chromosomes in a normal diploid human cell, half are maternally derived (from the mother's egg) and half are paternally derived (from the father's sperm).
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Extavour received an Honors BSc at the University of Toronto. Her Ph.D. thesis was on germ cell selection in genetic mosaics and was published in 2001 in PNAS. In 2003 Extavour did a study at Cambridge University on the mechanisms of germ cell formation that showed animal germ cells were likely specified by inductive signals more often than previously thought. This went against the mainstream scientific view at the time that animal germ cells are usually specified by maternally inherited determinants.
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Organization of DNA in a eukaryotic cell Each eukaryotic chromosome consist on a long linear DNA molecule associated with proteins, forming a compact complex of proteins and DNA called chromatin. Chromatin contains the vast majority of the DNA of an organism, but a small amount inherited maternally, can be found in the mitochondria. It is present in most cells, with a few exceptions, for example, red blood cells. Histones are responsible for the first and most basic unit of chromosome organization, the nucleosome.
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Sayyid Mir Jan was a Sayyid (a descendant of Muhammad through his daughter Fatimah and his cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib), both maternally and paternally. Among his paternal ancestors were seven of the Twelve Imams, and among his maternal ancestors were eleven of the Twelve Imams and Sayyid Bahauddin Naqshband, Sayyid Alauddin Atar, and Khwaja Khawand Mahmud (also known as Hazrat Ishaan). After the Battle of Karbala, the Ahl al- Bayt went back to Medina.Imam Ali ibn al-Hussein (2001).
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Further evidence for the South Asian origin of the Romanies came in the late 1990s. Researchers doing DNA analysis discovered that Romani populations carried large frequencies of particular Y chromosomes (inherited paternally) and mitochondrial DNA (inherited maternally) that otherwise exist only in populations from South Asia. 47.3% of Romani men carry Y chromosomes of haplogroup H-M82 which is rare outside South Asia. Mitochondrial haplogroup M, most common in Indian subjects and rare outside Southern Asia, accounts for nearly 30% of Romani people.
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Raden Saleh Syarif Bustaman was born in 1807 in Semarang on the island of Java in the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia). He was born into a noble Hadhrami family where his father was Sayyid Husen bin Alwi bin Awal bin Yahya, an Indonesian of Arab descent. He was the grandson of Sayyid Abdullah Bustaman maternally. Raden Saleh was connected to Habib Ali Kwitang through his sister, Roqayah, who was married to Ali Kwitang's father Abdurrahman but had no children.
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This locus on chromosome 1 is the most frequent deletion in breast and ovarian cancers. Because this gene is maternally imprinted, LOH of the nonimprinted allele (the paternal copy) confers a loss of ARHI expression. Although LOH has been reported in 40% of ovarian and breast cancers, another typical mechanism of gene silencing is through methylation. Since ARHI expression is decreased in 70% of invasive breast cancer, aberrant methylation is almost certainly the other common mechanism through which the gene is silenced.
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P elements are a family of transposons that recently proliferated within the genome of Drosophila melanogaster. The P elements have an extremely high transposition rate and induce sterility and abnormal gonad development in D. melanogaster (Johnson, 2). The flies thus developed a maternally inherited technique for combating the invasive DNA and silencing the transposons, now known as P cytotype. P cytotype detects DNA sequences in areas of telomeric heterochromatin and silences those sequences when they are found elsewhere in the genome.
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Asian nomadic Paleo-Indians are thought to have entered the Americas via the Bering Land Bridge (Beringia), now the Bering Strait, and possibly along the coast. Genetic evidence found in Amerindians' maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) supports the theory of multiple genetic populations migrating from Asia. After crossing the land bridge, they moved southward along the Pacific coast and through an interior ice-free corridor. Over the course of millennia, Paleo-Indians spread throughout the rest of North and South America.
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Its tail is thin and whip-like, and lacks fin folds. This species is uniformly grayish brown above and white below; the underside of the pectoral and pelvic fins bear distinctive wide, dark bands on their posterior margins. Bottom-dwelling in nature, the giant freshwater stingray inhabits sandy or muddy areas and preys on small fishes and invertebrates. Females give live birth to litters of one to four pups, which are sustained to term by maternally produced histotroph ("uterine milk").
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MT-ND4 is one of five SNPs associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in Mexican Americans. Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) correlates with a mutation in the MT-ND4 gene in multiple families. The mutation at codon 340 results in the elimination of an Sfa NI site by the conversion of a highly conserved arginine to a histidine. This provides a simple diagnostic test by which to identify LHON, a maternally inherited disease that results in optic nerve degeneration and cardiac dysrythmia.
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The , divides the population of South Asia into four ethnolinguistic groups: Indo-European, Dravidian, Tibeto-Burman and Austro-Asiatic. Bradley (2012) notes, MK in the wider sense including the Munda languages of eastern South Asia is also known as Austroasiatic.Languages and Language Families in China The molecular anthropology studies use three different type of markers: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation which is maternally inherited and highly polymorphic, Y Chromosome variation which involves uniparental transmission along the male lines, and Autosomal DNA variation.
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This shift allows Xist to begin coating the future inactive chromosome, spreading out from the Xic. In non-random inactivation this choice appears to be fixed and current evidence suggests that the maternally inherited gene may be imprinted. Variations in Xi frequency have been reported with age, pregnancy, the use of oral contraceptives, fluctuations in menstrual cycle and neoplasia. It is thought that this constitutes the mechanism of choice, and allows downstream processes to establish the compact state of the Barr body.
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The symptoms frequently present themselves following a viral infection and include movement disorders and peripheral neuropathy, as well as hypotonia, spasticity and cerebellar ataxia. Roughly half of affected patients die of respiratory or cardiac failure by the age of three. Leigh syndrome is a maternally inherited disorder and its diagnosis is established through genetic testing of the aforementioned mitochondrial genes, including MT-ATP6. MT-ATP6 gene mutations associated with Leigh syndrome change one DNA building block (nucleotide) in the MT-ATP6 gene.
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It feeds on small crustaceans such as amphipods and shrimp, as well as polychaete worms. Parasites documented from this species include the tapeworms Acanthobothrium dollyae, A. maryanskii, and A. royi, and the fluke Anaporrhutum euzeti. Though reproductive details are unknown, the ocellated electric ray is presumably viviparous, with the developing embryos sustained first by yolk and later by maternally produced histotroph ("uterine milk"), as in other electric rays. Females mature sexually at under long; the maturation size for males is unknown.
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Cytoplasmic male sterility genes, usually found in the mitochondrial genome, show up and are established when female fertility is just slightly more than the hermaphroditic fertility. The female only needs to make slightly more or better seeds than hermaphrodites since the mitochondrial genome is maternally inherited. Research done on plants has shown that hermaphroditic plants are in constant battles against organelle genes trying to kill their male parts. In over 140 plant species, these “male killer” genes have been observed.
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Parthenogenetic/gynogenetic embryos have twice the normal expression level of maternally derived genes, and lack expression of paternally expressed genes, while the reverse is true for androgenetic embryos. It is now known that there are at least 80 imprinted genes in humans and mice, many of which are involved in embryonic and placental growth and development. Hybrid offspring of two species may exhibit unusual growth due to the novel combination of imprinted genes. Various methods have been used to identify imprinted genes.
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Breyer appealed the INS decision in district court on the grounds that the new statute was a bill of attainder in violation of Article I, Section 9 of the United States Constitution and also unconstitutional under the equality clause as those inadmissible under the DPA were denied citizenship only if it was derived maternally. The district court ruled against Breyer. He also lost his deportation case in immigration court. He appealed both losses to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit.
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The proper spatial expression of downstream genes relies on the robustness of this gradient to common variations between embryos, including in the number of maternally-deposited bicoid mRNAs and in egg size. Comparative phylogenetic and experimental evolution studies suggest an inherent mechanism for robust generation of a scaled Bicoid protein gradient. Mechanisms that have been proposed to effect this scaling include non-linear degradation of Bicoid, nuclear retention as a size-dependent regulator of Bicoid protein's effective diffusion coefficient, and scaling of cytoplasmic streaming.
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Like other houndsharks, the whiskery shark is viviparous; the developing embryos are sustained by yolk and probably also maternally produced histotroph. Males can mate every year, while females have a biennial reproductive cycle. Mating takes place in August and September; females store sperm until late January to early April of the following year, when the ova are ready to be ovulated into the uterus. After a 7– to 9-month-long gestation period, litters of four to 28 (average 19) pups are born between August and October.
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He is attracted to, then, later, obsessed with Mick's partner, Linda Carter (Kellie Bright), who maternally hugs him after Shirley hurts him by stealing from him because she owes Phil Mitchell (Steve McFadden). Dean breaks into Phil's house, reclaiming the money. Dean also gropes Linda's buttocks during a photoshoot at Blades. Although Dean helps clean Shirley up after she shoots Phil, Shirley's aunt Babe Smith (Annette Badland) refuses to let Shirley take Dean with them as she flees from the police, leaving Dean distraught.
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Leigh syndrome is a maternally inherited disorder and its diagnosis is established through genetic testing of the aforementioned mitochondrial genes, including MT-ND2. These complex I genes have been associated with a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, including Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with stroke-like episodes (MELAS) and the previously mentioned Leigh syndrome. Mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from variants of MT-ND2, MT-ND1 and MT-ND4L have been linked to BMI in adults and implicated in metabolic disorders including obesity, diabetes and hypertension.
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All species maternally mouthbrood their eggs and fry, and this characteristic provides their generic name. Tropheus comes from the Greek trophos, which means "to nurse" or, according to Boulenger, "one who rears, brings up, educates". The genus is fished lightly by the local population, but has never become a staple food fish due to its relatively small size and its habitat, which enables it to dart between rocks when threatened. Most species occur along the coastal fringes of the lake at depths less than 3 m.
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This gene locus has a highly complex imprinted expression pattern. It gives rise to maternally-, paternally- and biallelically-expressed transcripts that are derived from four alternative promoters with distinct 5' exons. Some transcripts contain a differentially methylated region (DMR) within their 5' exons; such DMRs are commonly found in imprinted genes and correlate with transcript expression. An antisense transcript also exists, and this antisense transcript and one of the sense transcripts are paternally expressed, produce non-coding RNAs and may regulate imprinting in this region.
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The testing concluded that LaLana was maternally related to the individual the skull belonged to. Major's father told authorities that he had confessed to him about the murder while in prison, which disgusted him. This statement was insufficient on its own, as the prison did not record phone calls from inmates and there was "significant" animosity between the two men. In March 2000, Major's father allowed police to tap his telephone as he made a call to Bill, who admitted guilt in the crime.
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DIRAS3 is a paternally expressed and maternally imprinted gene located on chromosome 1 in humans. Reduced DIRAS3 expression is linked to an increased risk of ovarian and breast cancers; in 41% of breast and ovarian cancers the protein encoded by DIRAS3 is not expressed, suggesting that it functions as a tumor suppressor gene. Therefore, if uniparental disomy occurs and a person inherits both chromosomes from the mother, the gene will not be expressed and the individual is put at a greater risk for breast and ovarian cancer.
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Imperforate anus is associated with an increased incidence of some other specific anomalies as well, together being called the VACTERL association. Other entities associated with an imperforate anus are trisomies 18 and 21, the cat-eye syndrome (partial trisomy or tetrasomy of a maternally derived chromosome 22), Baller–Gerold syndrome, Currarino syndrome, caudal regression syndrome, FG syndrome, Johanson–Blizzard syndrome, McKusick–Kaufman syndrome, Pallister–Hall syndrome, short rib–polydactyly syndrome type 1, Townes–Brocks syndrome, 13q deletion syndrome, urorectal septum malformation sequence and the OEIS complex (omphalocele, exstrophy of the cloaca, imperforate anus, spinal defects).
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Leigh syndrome is a maternally inherited disorder and its diagnosis is established through genetic testing of the aforementioned mitochondrial genes, including MT-ND1. The m.4171C>A/MT-ND1 mutation also leads to a Leigh-like phenotype as well as bilateral brainstem lesions affecting the vestibular nuclei, resulting in vision loss, vomiting and vertigo. These complex I genes have been associated with a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, including Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with stroke-like episodes (MELAS), overlap between LHON and MELAS, and the previously mentioned Leigh syndrome.
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To eliminate the contribution of maternal gene products to development, maternally-supplied mRNAs must be degraded in the embryo. Studies in Drosophila have shown that sequences in the 3' UTR of maternal transcripts mediate their degradation These sequences are recognized by regulatory proteins that cause destabilization or degradation of the transcripts. Recent studies in both zebrafish and Xenopus have found evidence of a role for microRNAs in degradation of maternal transcripts. In zebrafish, the microRNA miR-430 is expressed at the onset of zygotic transcription and targets several hundred mRNAs for deadenylation and degradation.
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If the selfish DNA papers marked the beginning of the serious study of selfish genetic elements, the subsequent decades have seen an explosion in theoretical advances and empirical discoveries. Leda Cosmides and John Tooby wrote a landmark review about the conflict between maternally inherited cytoplasmic genes and biparentally inherited nuclear genes. The paper also provided a comprehensive introduction to the logic of genomic conflicts, foreshadowing many themes that would later be subject of much research. Then in 1988 John H. Werren and colleagues wrote the first major empirical review of the topic.
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In mammals, females undergo endocrine changes during gestation and lactation that "prime" mothers to respond maternally towards their offspring. Paternal males do not undergo these same hormonal changes and so the proximate causes of the onset of parental behaviors must differ from those in females. There is little consensus regarding the processes by which mammalian males begin to express parental behaviors. In humans, evidence ties oxytocin to sensitive care-giving in both women and men, and with affectionate infant contact in women and stimulatory infant contact in men.
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A number of factors make sea squirts good models for studying the fundamental developmental processes of chordates, such as cell-fate specification. The embryonic development of sea squirts is simple, rapid, and easily manipulated. Because each embryo contains relatively few cells, complex processes can be studied at the cellular level, while remaining in the context of the whole embryo. The embryo's transparency is ideal for fluorescent imaging and its maternally-derived proteins are naturally pigmented, so cell lineages are easily labeled, allowing scientists to visualize embryogenesis from beginning to end.
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Mark Antony De Wolfe Howe was born Mark Antony De Wolf Howe 5 April 1808, in Bristol, Rhode Island. (As an adult, he changed the spelling of his second middle name to De Wolfe.) He was the son of John and Louisa (Smith) Howe, and a descendant of James Howe, an English immigrant to Roxbury and Ipswich, Massachusetts, in 1637. Maternally, he was connected to Richard Smith, the first town clerk of Bristol, Rhode Island from the 1680s. He was also a great-grandson to Senator James De Wolf.
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Measuring between long, these rays have oval to diamond-shaped pectoral fin discs and relatively short tails that terminate in leaf-shaped caudal fins, and may also have small dorsal fins and lateral skin folds. Most are smooth-skinned, and some have ornate dorsal color patterns. Stingarees feed on or near the sea floor, consuming small invertebrates and occasionally bony fishes. They are aplacental viviparous, meaning their embryos emerge from eggs inside the uterus, and are sustained to term first by yolk and later by maternally produced histotroph ("uterine milk").
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The deepwater stingray is presumed to be similar to other stingrays in being aplacental viviparous, and having the developing embryos nourished by maternally produced histotroph ("uterine milk"). Given its large size and deepwater habits, it is probably not highly prolific, with a small litter size and a long gestation period. The young are apparently born at close to long, as evidenced by the capture of a free-living specimen of that size that still bore a yolk sac scar. Males and females mature sexually at and long respectively.
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Born and raised in the United Kingdom, he enjoys close relationships with his relatives in the British royal family. His godparents were King George VI of the United Kingdom and his daughter, the then-Princess Elizabeth (now Queen Elizabeth II). Through his father Alexander is a direct descendant of Queen Victoria, through his great-great-grandfather Prince Alfred, Duke of Saxe- Coburg and Gotha, Victoria's second eldest son. Maternally he is also a direct descendant of Queen Victoria, through his great-great-grandmother Victoria, Empress of Germany, Victoria's eldest daughter.
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SK2 overexpression also reduced dendritic arborization of the amygdala neurons. In a 2015 study, it was found that UBE3A, the protein maternally deleted in Angelman syndrome, marks KCNN2 for degradation in the hippocampus, and that UBE3A deficiency is associated with an increase in KCNN2 levels. KCNN2 operates through a negative feedback loop to reduce glutamatergic NMDA receptor activation when it itself is activated by that same receptor. Angelman syndrome therefore leads to a reduction in glutamatergic NMDA receptor activation, which impairs long-term potentiation of hippocampal neurons and thus fear conditioning.
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Hypogammaglobulinemia can be caused by either a primary or secondary immunodeficiency. Primary immunodeficiencies are caused by a mutation or series of mutations to the genome. For example, a study from 2012 found that a compound heterozygous deleterious mutation in the CD21 gene is associated with hypogammaglobulinemia. Genetic analysis revealed the patient was heterozygous for CD21, with the paternally inherited allele (also shared with one sister) having a disrupted splicing donor site at exon 6, while the maternally inherited allele had a mutation resulting in a premature stop codon in exon 13.
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Generally, idic(15) is not inherited; it is said to appear de novo, in one member of the family, by chance. In most cases, the abnormal chromosome is generated in the mother's germ cells: the oocytes. This finding is due to ascertainment bias; cases with maternally derived idic(15) usually have clinical findings and attract attention, but those with paternally derived idic(15) usually do not. Thus, diagnosed cases are usually patients where the duplicated material is derived from the mother's egg cell rather than the father's sperm cell.
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GTP-binding protein Di-Ras3 (DIRAS3) also known as aplysia ras homology member I (ARHI) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DIRAS3 gene. This gene is a member of the Ras superfamily and is expressed in normal ovarian and breast epithelial cells but not in ovarian and breast cancers. It is a maternally imprinted gene, with monoallelic expression of the paternal allele, which is associated with growth suppression. Thus, this gene appears to be a putative tumor suppressor gene whose function is abrogated in ovarian and breast cancers.
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Ardtornish Castle In 1437, the Lordship was substantially expanded when Alexander, the Lord of the Isles, inherited the rule of Ross maternally. The expansion led the MacDonalds to move their centre of power from Islay to the twin castles of Aros and Ardtornish. In 1462, the most ambitious of the Lords of the Isles, John MacDonald, struck an alliance with Edward IV of England to conquer Scotland. Civil war in England prevented this from taking effect and from being discovered until 1475, when the English court voluntarily revealed its existence.
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Aside from observing the symptoms characteristic of X-linked thrombocytopenia in infancy (easy bruising, mild anemia, mucosal bleeding), molecular genetic testing would be done to confirm the diagnosis. Furthermore, flow cytometry or western blotting would be used to test for decreased or absent amounts of WASp. Family history would also assist in diagnosis, with specific attention to maternally related males with WAS-related disorders. Because WAS-related disorders are phenotypically similar, it is important to confirm the absence of the diagnostic criteria for Wiskoff-Aldrich syndrome at the outset.
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A Populus on a hill through April, September, October, February (Germany) The genus Populus has traditionally been divided into six sections on the basis of leaf and flower characters; this classification is followed below. Recent genetic studies have largely supported this, confirming some previously suspected reticulate evolution due to past hybridisation and introgression events between the groups. Some species (noted below) had differing relationships indicated by their nuclear DNA (paternally inherited) and chloroplast DNA sequences (maternally inherited), a clear indication of likely hybrid origin.Hamzeh, M., & Dayanandan, S. (2004).
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After his father Charles's death at Quiberon, Maxence de Damas, maternally a great- grandson of the Irish war hero General Sarsfield, was led by his uncle the Duke of Richelieu, who presented him to Czar Paul I to join the military cadet school in Saint Petersburg. He began a distinguished military career in the service of Czar Alexander. He participated in the European campaigns against the armies of Napoleon and entered Paris. At the request of Louis XVIII, Maxence de Damas began a new military career in France.
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Since Wolbachia is also maternally transmitted, it was found that the WNV-resistant phenotype is directly related to the Wolbachia infection. West Nile virus is transmitted to humans and animals through the Southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus. Glaser and Meola knew vector compatibility could be reduced through Wolbachia infection due to studies done with other species of mosquitoes, mainly, Aedes aegypti. Their goal was to transfer WNV resistance to Cx. quinquefasciatus by inoculating the embryos of the mosquito with the same strain of Wolbachia that naturally occurred in the fruit flies.
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CDKN1C is a protein coding gene that encodes a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that acts as a negative regulator of cell proliferation, effectively making CDKN1C a tumor suppressor gene. CDKN1C also works during fetal development, preventing the fetus from becoming too large. It is located on the short arm of the human chromosome 11 in the ICR2 region, along with many other imprinted genes. Since CDKN1C is preferentially maternally expressed, hypomethylation in the ICR2 region of the maternal allele can result in pathologies such as cancer or a defect known as Beckwith- Weidemann Syndrome.
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Although Drosophila segmentation is not representative of the arthropod phylum in general, it is the most highly studied. Early screens to identify genes involved in cuticle development led to the discovery of a class of genes that was necessary for proper segmentation of the Drosophila embryo. To properly segment the Drosophila embryo, the anterior-posterior axis is defined by maternally supplied transcripts giving rise to gradients of these proteins. This gradient then defines the expression pattern for gap genes, which set up the boundaries between the different segments.
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In contrast to their heterogeneous paternal lineages, the Fulani largely cluster maternally with other Niger-Congo populations. Only 8.1% of their mtDNA clades were associated with West Eurasian or Afro-Asiatic groups (J1b, U5, H, and V): According to Mark S. Miller, a study of four Fulani nomad populations (n = 186) in three countries in the Sahel (Chad, Cameroon, and Burkina Faso), the only group of nomadic Fulani that manifests some similarities with geographically related agricultural populations (from Guinea-Bissau and Nigeria) comes from Tcheboua in northern Cameroon.
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Chris Stringer's Homo family tree. The horizontal axis represents geographic location, and the vertical time in millions of years ago. Though nDNA confirms that Neanderthals and Denisovans are more closely related to each other than they are to modern humans, Neanderthals and modern humans share a more recent maternally-transmitted mtDNA common ancestor, possibly due to interbreeding between Denisovans and some unknown human species. The 400,000 year old Neanderthal-like humans from Sima de los Huesos in northern Spain, looking at mtDNA, are more closely related to Denisovans than Neanderthals.
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The geological formation of Dongyin is closely related to Mainland China, where the granite bedrock was formed by Yanshan Movement () dated to 100 – 200 million years ago. Thanks to its resistance to weathering, granite bedrock is seen above ground widespread in Dongyin. Although massive granite is tough, lacking internal structures, granite of poor primary permeability is easily eroded by sea water, rain, and gales, resulting in various and magnificent coastal sights. The coastal line of Dongyin is maternally related to that in Fujian, drowned valleys () of Submergent Coastlines ().
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Haplogroups are groups of genetic populations that share a common ancestor, paternally or maternally. The frequency of this haplogroup is about 5% higher than its frequency in other Asian groups such as Koreans, Manchus, and other Northeast Asians. The Japanese DNA sequence consists of 24.2% Korean, 16.1% Okinawa, 4.8% Uniquely Japanese, 25.8% Chinese, 8.1% Ainu, and 21% Unidentified. The Ainu people were the key to the Japanese genetic origins because researchers found an exact DNA match with the Ainu and the Jōmon Japanese to conclude the Ainu rooted all the way back to the Jōmon.
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The sperm contributes one of the two mitotic asters needed to complete first cleavage. The sperm can enter anywhere in the animal half of the egg but its exact point of entry will break the egg's radial symmetry by organizing the cytoskeleton. Prior to first cleavage, the egg's cortex rotates relative to the internal cytoplasm by the coordinated action of microtubules, in a process known as cortical rotation. This displacement brings maternally loaded determinants of cell fate from the equatorial cytoplasm and vegetal cortex into contact, and together these determinants set up the organizer.
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The renewed success of Hermès's fragrances in the marketplace was probably due to the public's increasingly paradigmatic shift of back to natural materials as opposed to artificial. This point undoubtedly contributed to reestablishing Hermès's scents as a major player in the fragrances marketplace. Jean-Louis Dumas, the son of Robert Dumas-Hermès, became chairman in 1978 and had the firm concentrate on silk and leather goods and ready-to-wear, adding new product groups to those made with its traditional techniques. Unlike his father, Jean-Louis was maternally related to the Hermès family.
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Germ cells are specified early in development and can only differentiate into gametes. The segregation of germ cells is often determined by the species, with some undergoing preformation, where the germ cells are determined by maternally inherited factors before or immediately after fertilisation, and others undergoing epigenesis, where the germ cell lineage is determined from signalling from surrounding tissues. Preformation was initially perceived as more common than epigenesis, as it appears in many model organisms like the common fruit fly, roundworms and some amphibians. Epigenesis has since been shown to be the more common mechanism.
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Wolbachia are maternally inherited, and exist in multiple insect species. Multiple strains of Wolbachia have been noted in even single strains of Nasonia. These bacteria are a very well-documented endosymbiont (arguably parasite) of the wasps that can have consequences for fertility when their presence is altered. It has been suggested that Wolbachia have assisted with genetic divergence through buildup of mutations and selecting for compensatory mechanisms, causing the emergence of new strains to occur more quickly. This is through a model of ‘mitochondrial sweeping’, when Wolbachia bring mitochondria from one host population to another.
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Forensic DNA analysis can be a useful tool in aiding forensic identification because DNA is found in almost all cells of our bodies except red blood cells. Deoxyribonucleic acid is located in two different places of the cell, the nucleus; which is inherited from both parents, and the mitochondria; inherited maternally. As with fingerprints, an individual's DNA profile and characteristics are unique. Forensic identification using DNA can be useful in different cases such as determining suspects in violent crimes, solving paternity/maternity, and identifying human remains of victims from mass disasters or missing person cases.
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While CMS is controlled by an extranuclear genome, nuclear genes may have the capability to restore fertility. When nuclear restoration of fertility genes ("Rf") is available for a CMS system in any crop, it is cytoplasmic-genetic male sterility; the sterility is manifested by the influence of both nuclear (with Mendelian inheritance) and cytoplasmic (maternally inherited) genes. There are also restorers of fertility (Rf) genes that are distinct from genetic male sterility genes. The Rf genes have no expression of their own unless the sterile cytoplasm is present.
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This triple mutant was shown to have delayed embryo development; that is, the seeds of the triple mutant were significantly smaller than that of the wild type at the same time during development. The starch content of the seed coat was higher than the wild-type, and the starch content of the embryo was lower than the wild-type. Additionally, protein levels were shown to be maternally controlled: in a sweet11;12;15 mutant crossed with a wild- type plant, the mutant phenotype was only seen when sweet11;12;15 was used as the maternal plant.
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For highly degraded samples, it is sometimes impossible to get a complete profile of the 13 CODIS STRs. In these situations, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is sometimes typed due to there being many copies of mtDNA in a cell, while there may only be 1–2 copies of the nuclear DNA. Forensic scientists amplify the HV1 and HV2 regions of the mtDNA, and then sequence each region and compare single-nucleotide differences to a reference. Because mtDNA is maternally inherited, directly linked maternal relatives can be used as match references, such as one's maternal grandmother's daughter's son.
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Autosomal dominant and recessive single gene disorders which have been diagnosed prenatally by analysing paternally inherited DNA include cystic fibrosis, beta thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, spinal muscular atrophy, and myotonic dystrophy. Prenatal diagnosis of single gene disorders which are due to an autosomal recessive mutation, a maternally inherited autosomal dominant mutation or large sequence mutations that include duplication, expansion or insertion of DNA sequences is more difficult. In cffDNA, fragments of 200 300 bp length involved in single gene disorders are more difficult to detect. For example, the autosomal dominant condition, achondroplasia is caused by the FGFR3 gene point mutation.
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In addition to agricultural measures, there may be also biological tools to prevent the genetically modified crop from fertilising conventional fields. Researchers are investigating methods either to prevent GM crops from producing pollen at all (for example male- sterile plants), or to develop GM crops with pollen that nonetheless does not contain the additional, genetically engineered material. In an example of the latter, transplastomic plants can be generated in which the genetic modification has been integrated in the DNA of chloroplasts. As the chloroplasts of plants are maternally inherited, the transgenes are not spread by pollen thus achieving biological containment.
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Purely in an attempt to show that not all avenues have been fully pursued in the effort to identify Agatha, Parsons pointed to the documented existence of a German Count Cristinus, whose given name might explain the name Christina for Agatha's daughter. Count Cristinus married a Saxon noblewoman, Oda of Haldensleben, who is hypothesized to have been maternally a granddaughter of Vladimir I of Kiev by a German kinswoman of Emperor Henry III. Parsons also noted that Edward could have married twice, with the contradictory primary record in part reflecting confusion between distinct wives.Parsons, "Edward the Aetheling's Wife, Agatha", pp 52-54.
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Oocyte poles Because the fate of an oocyte is to become fertilized and ultimately grow into a fully functioning organism, it must be ready to regulate multiple cellular and developmental processes. The oocyte, a large and complex cell, must be supplied with numerous molecules that will direct the growth of the embryo and control cellular activities. As the oocyte is a product of female gametogenesis, the maternal contribution to the oocyte and consequently the newly fertilized egg, is enormous. There are many types of molecules that are maternally supplied to the oocyte, which will direct various activities within the growing zygote.
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The fact that mitochondrial DNA is maternally inherited enables genealogical researchers to trace maternal lineage far back in time. (Y-chromosomal DNA, paternally inherited, is used in an analogous way to determine the patrilineal history.) This is usually accomplished on human mitochondrial DNA by sequencing the hypervariable control regions (HVR1 or HVR2), and sometimes the complete molecule of the mitochondrial DNA, as a genealogical DNA test. HVR1, for example, consists of about 440 base pairs. These 440 base pairs are compared to the same regions of other individuals (either specific people or subjects in a database) to determine maternal lineage.
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She lived on a farming quarter with forty other slaves, though her job was to tend to Mrs. Monday, the sickly wife of her white master. A year later in 1843, at seventeen years old, Winney Grimshaw was documented as a spinner, and in 1844 she married Jacob Carrington who had worked in the plantation’s gristmill since the age of nine. Jacob Carrington’s father was unusual in that he was an emancipated African American, though this did not benefit Jacob as the law of partus sequitur ventrem ruled that the title of slavery was passed down maternally.
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Engraving of the Duchess published by La Belle Assemblée in 1829 Born as the younger daughter and third child of the politician Edward Clive, 1st Earl of Powis, and the mineral collector Henrietta Clive, Countess of Powis, she was paternally granddaughter of Major-General Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive, and maternally granddaughter of Henry Herbert, 1st Earl of Powis. She married Hugh Percy, Earl Percy, son of General Hugh Percy, 2nd Duke of Northumberland, on 29 April 1817. On 10 July the same year, her father-in-law died and her husband succeeded to the dukedom.
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Given that both mtDNA and language are maternally transmitted, the incorporation of local Iranian women would have resulted in the concomitant replacement of the ancestral Caucasian language and mtDNA types of the Gilani and Mazandarani with their current Iranian language and mtDNA types. Concomitant replacement of language and mtDNA may be a more general phenomenon than previously recognized. The Mazandarani and Gilani groups fall inside a major cluster consisting of populations from the Caucasus and West Asia and are particularly close to the South Caucasus groups—Georgians, Armenians, and Azerbaijanis. Iranians from Tehran and Isfahan are situated more distantly from these groups.
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Formation of the dorsal- ventral axis is dependent on the ventral nuclear concentration of a maternally synthesized transcription factor called Dorsal. The determination of the dorsal side of the embryo occurs during oogenesis when the oocyte nucleus moves along microtubules from the posterior to the anterior-dorsal margin of the oocyte. The nucleus expresses a protein called Gurken which is secreted locally and thus only activates follicle cells in the dorsal region by interacting with the Torpedo receptor. This inhibits the production of Pipe protein and thus follicular cells expressing Pipe are on the ventral side.
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This fission occurs just before cytokinesis, with the products then being transported to the daughter cells as a component of the cytoplasm. As a result of the ability to inter-convert between other types of the plastid family, elaioplasts share the same plastome (plastid genome) with all other plastids and are predominately inherited maternally in angiosperms. As its name implies, maternal inheritance excludes the plastome of the father through one of two ways: during pollen development or in pollen tube formation. During pollen development, paternal plastids are halted by microfilaments in the cytoskeleton just prior to microspore division or degeneration just after.
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Just as Hox genes regulate realisator genes, they are in turn regulated themselves by other genes. In Drosophila and some insects (but not most animals), Hox genes are regulated by gap genes and pair-rule genes, which are in their turn regulated by maternally-supplied mRNA. This results in a transcription factor cascade: maternal factors activate gap or pair-rule genes; gap and pair-rule genes activate Hox genes; then, finally, Hox genes activate realisator genes that cause the segments in the developing embryo to differentiate. Regulation is achieved via protein concentration gradients, called morphogenic fields.
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NF1 has one of the highest mutation rates amongst known human genes, however mutation detection is difficult because of its large size, the presence of pseudogenes, and the variety of possible mutations. The NF1 locus has a high incidence of de novo mutations, meaning that the mutations are not inherited maternally or paternally. Although the mutation rate is high, there are no mutation “hot spot” regions. Mutations tend to be distributed within the gene, although exons 3, 5, and 27 are common sites for mutations. The Human Gene Mutation Database contains 1,347 NF1 mutations, but none are in the “regulatory” category.
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Chigai Kuginuki), The mon of the Asō clan Princess Tomohito is a paternal descendant of the Asō clan and is maternally descended from Ōkubo Toshimichi through his son Count Makino Nobuaki. Through her paternal grandmother the Hon. Kanō Natsuko, she is descended from the Tachibana clan of the Miike Domain and from a cadet branch of the Ōkubo clan, who ruled the Odawara Domain. Through her link to the Ōkubo clan, she is an eighth cousin of her late husband and of the present Emperor; all three are seven-times-great-grandchildren of the sixth lord of Hirado, Matsura Atsunobu (1684–1757).
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The relationship between Carol and Fernando will be torn apart thanks to Andréa, Fernando's former fiancée, and their son Diego. An unscrupulous man named Felipe Mendes Ayala demonstrates interest to orphan Maria, to whom Carolina became maternally attached, and they will fight in court for her custody. Adult and young cast of Chiquititas Brasil in Season Three Tati cames back to the Manor due to her non-adaptation to her family's conditions, also because she overly missed her friends. She experiments first love feelings with Tatu, one of the boys of the Harmony Alley, but their relationship does not work out.
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Preferential inactivation of the paternal X-chromosome occurs in both marsupials and in cell lineages that form the membranes surrounding the embryo, whereas in placental mammals either the maternally or the paternally derived X-chromosome may be inactivated in different cell lines. The time period for X-chromosome inactivation explains this disparity. Inactivation occurs in the epiblast during gastrulation, which gives rise to the embryo. Inactivation occurs on a cellular level, resulting in a mosaic expression, in which patches of cells have an inactive maternal X-chromosome, while other patches have an inactive paternal X-chromosome.
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Clan Donald shares a descent from Somerled with Clan MacDougall, who traces their lineage from his elder son, Dugall mac Somhairle. Their dynasties are together commonly referred to as the Clann Somhairle. Furthermore, they are descended maternally from both the House of Godred Crovan and the Earls of Orkney, through Somerled's wife Ragnhildis Ólafsdóttir, daughter of Olaf I Godredsson, King of Mann and the Isles and Ingeborg Haakonsdottir daughter of Haakon Paulsson, Earl of Orkney. It remains uncertain if the Clann Somhairle are also descendants in some manner, through one or another of the above dynasts, of the House of Ivar, but this is commonly argued.
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In 1943, von Scheliha's book Patroklos:Gedanken über Homers Dichtung und Gestalten was published. The German Jewish poet Karl Wolfskehl called it the most vivid, endearing, most tense and almost maternally cleverest book about Homer and the first world of Greekism. In fact, in the 418-page book, she not only addressed the title character, but also developed Thoughts on Homer's Poetry and Figures according to the subtitle. Von Scheliha objected to the dismembered method of recent research, which had lost the understanding of all the essentials of a poem, had suffocated every effect of the poet, and wanted instead to find the being of the poet.
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The maternal lineages of Jewish populations, studied by looking at mitochondrial DNA, are generally more heterogeneous. Scholars such as Harry Ostrer and Raphael Falk believe this may indicate that many Jewish males found new mates from European and other communities in the places where they migrated in the diaspora after fleeing ancient Israel.Richard Lewontin, "Is There a Jewish Gene?", New York Review of Books, 6 December 2012 Two studies in 2006 and 2008 suggested that about 40% of Ashkenazi Jews originate maternally from just four female founders who were likely of Near-Eastern origin, while the populations of Sephardi and Mizrahi Jewish communities "showed no evidence for a narrow founder effect".
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Pea aphids extracting sap from the stem and leaves of garden peas The pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum maintains an obligate symbiotic relationship with the bacterium Buchnera aphidicola, which is transmitted maternally to the embryos that develop within the mother's ovarioles. Pea aphids live on sap, which is rich in sugars but deficient in amino acids. They rely on their Buchnera endosymbiotic population for essential amino acids, supplying in exchange nutrients as well as a protected intracellular environment that allows Buchnera to grow and reproduce. The relationship is actually more complicated than mutual nutrition; some strains of Buchnera increases host thermotolerance, while other strains do not.
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However, offspring of the reciprocal cross were normal, as would be expected since piRNAs are maternally inherited. The P element is typically present only in wild strains, and not in lab strains of D. melanogaster, as the latter were collected before the P elements were introduced into the species, probably from a closely related Drosophila species. The P element story is also a good example of how the rapid co-evolution between selfish genetic elements and their silencers can lead to incompatibilities on short evolutionary time scales, as little as within a few decades. Several other examples of selfish genetic elements causing reproductive isolation have since been demonstrated.
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Interior of a gipsy's house in Brazil c. 1820, by Debret Romani dancers in Romania Genetic evidence has shown that the Romani people ("Gypsies") originated from the Indian subcontinent and mixed with the local populations in Central Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. In the 1990s, it was discovered that Romani populations carried large frequencies of particular Y chromosomes (inherited paternally) that otherwise exist only in populations from South Asia, in addition to fairly significant frequencies of particular mitochondrial DNA (inherited maternally) that is rare outside South Asia. 47.3% of Romani males carry Y chromosomes of haplogroup H-M82 which is rare outside of the Indian subcontinent.
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Co. , p. 29. Tafari's father was Ras Makonnen Wolde Mikael, the grandson of King Sahle Selassie and governor of Harar. Ras Makonnen maternally amhara but paternally OromoHaile Selassie I Biography (1892–1975) and served as a general in the First Italo–Ethiopian War, playing a key role at the Battle of Adwa; Haile Selassie was thus able to ascend to the imperial throne through his paternal grandmother, Woizero Tenagnework Sahle Selassie, who was an aunt of Emperor Menelik II and daughter of the Solomonic Amhara King of Shewa, Negus Sahle Selassie. As such, Haile Selassie claimed direct descent from Makeda, the Queen of Sheba, and King Solomon of ancient Israel.
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Ectodermin mRNA is maternally deposited in the animal pole of the egg. In the early blastula stage of the embryo, Ectodermin mRNA and protein forms a gradient that goes from the animal pole (highest concentration) down to the marginal zone (lowest concentration) to prevent TGFβ and nodal signals that induce mesoderm originating from the vegetal pole. Ectodermin mRNA is enriched in the dorsal side of the embryo, and at the end of this stage the expression gradually disappears. Smad4 is ubiquitinated by Ectodermin in the nucleus and exported to the cytoplasm where it can be deubiquitinated by FAM; this way Smad4 can be recycled and be functional again.
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The severity of some mitochondrial disorders is associated with the percentage of mitochondria in each cell that has a particular genetic change. Most individuals with NARP have a specific MT-ATP6 mutation in 70 percent to 90 percent of their mitochondria. When this mutation is present in a higher percentage of a person's mitochondria—greater than 90 percent to 95 percent—it causes a more severe condition known as maternally inherited Leigh syndrome. Because these two conditions result from the same genetic changes and can occur in different members of a single family, researchers believe that they may represent a spectrum of overlapping features instead of two distinct syndromes.
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" However, the legacy of Gellhorn's personal life remains shrouded in controversy. Supporters of Gellhorn say her unauthorized biographer, Carl Rollyson, is guilty of "sexual scandal-mongering and cod psychology." Several of her prominent close friends (among them the actress Betsy Drake, journalist John Pilger, writer James Fox, and Martha's younger brother Alfred) have dismissed the characterizations of her as sexually manipulative and maternally deficient. Her supporters include her stepson, Sandy Matthews, who describes Gellhorn as "very conscientious" in her role as stepmother;"The War for Martha's Memory", The Telegraph, 15 March 2001 and Jack Hemingway once said that Gellhorn, his father's third wife, was his "favorite other mother.
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Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) is the disease in humans that is most frequently associated with homoplasmy. This condition is characterized by the atrophy of retinal ganglion cells, which leads to central blindness and eventually total blindness. Although it is passed down maternally, it is seen more often in young men than in other ages or sexes, which leads researchers to believe that there are many other genetic or environmental factors that contribute to developing the disease. Specifically, researchers have thought that the genetic component outside of the mitochondria would be on the X chromosome; however, in multiple studies, there have been no findings that suggest this.
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Then they realized that they could selectively amplify the fetal DNA by focusing on the paternally inherited portion of its DNA (rather than the maternally inherited DNA). The claim itself has two simple and conventional steps: first amplifying (by polymerase chain reaction, PCR) and then detecting the paternally inherited DNA from the plasma sample. The technology for amplifying and detecting DNA was already well known and generally used to detect DNA. There was a problem, however, of how to ascertain which DNA in the sample was that of the fetus and which was the mother's (which greatly outnumbered the fetal DNA in the sample).
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She was co-heiress under the will of her uncle, Major-general Bellew, heir-at-law of the O'Briens, earls of Thomond. Educated during his earlier years at Lancaster Grammar School, Higgin was entered in 1842 as a student at St Mary Hall, Oxford. On attaining his majority in the autumn of 1844 he assumed his mother's maiden name, and dropped his patronymic. He was induced to do this by the circumstance of his being descended maternally from the senior branch of the O'Briens, and thus a descendant from Teige the second brother of Donough, the fourth earl, brother of Daniel O'Brien, 1st Viscount Clare.
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This increases the chances that a mutation that will affect a mitochondrion will occur in chromosomal DNA, which is inherited in a Mendelian pattern. Another result is that a chromosomal mutation will affect a specific tissue due to its specific needs, whether those may be high energy requirements or a need for the catabolism or anabolism of a specific neurotransmitter or nucleic acid. Because several copies of the mitochondrial genome are carried by each mitochondrion (2–10 in humans), mitochondrial mutations can be inherited maternally by mtDNA mutations which are present in mitochondria inside the oocyte before fertilization, or (as stated above) through mutations in the chromosomes.
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In most multicellular organisms, mtDNA is inherited from the mother (maternally inherited). Mechanisms for this include simple dilution (an egg contains on average 200,000 mtDNA molecules, whereas a healthy human sperm has been reported to contain on average 5 molecules), degradation of sperm mtDNA in the male genital tract and in the fertilized egg; and, at least in a few organisms, failure of sperm mtDNA to enter the egg. Whatever the mechanism, this single parent (uniparental inheritance) pattern of mtDNA inheritance is found in most animals, most plants and also in fungi. In exceptional cases, human babies sometimes inherit mtDNA from both their fathers and their mothers resulting in mtDNA heteroplasmy.
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Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs. snoRNA HBII-13 is expressed mainly in the tissues of brain, but is also in the lungs, the kidneys and muscle; however HBII-13 has no identified target RNA. The HBII-13 gene is located in a 460 kb intron of the large paternally-expressed transcription unit (SNURF-SNRNP-UBE3A AS) along with several other snoRNAs HBII-436, HBII-437, HBII-438A/B and the clusters of HBII-85, HBII-52. This host gene is an antisense transcript to maternally expressed UBE3A gene.
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The GNAS1 gene involved in both pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a and pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism is greatly affected by imprinting. When a father who has pseudohypoparathyroidism undergoes spermatogenesis, imprinting of the GNAS1 gene inactivates both copies of his genes: one will be Functional and the other will be defective. Tissues in the body will re- activate different copies of the GNAS1 gene selectively; the kidneys will selectively activate the (functional) maternal copy while keeping the (defective) paternally-derived gene imprinted and inactive, even in normal individuals. Since the maternally-derived GNAS1 gene is functional, renal handling of calcium and phosphate is normal, and homeostasis is maintained in pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism.
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Koht's father 199x199px Halvdan Koht was born on 7 August 1873 in Tromsø, one of the larger cities in Northern Norway. He was the second of four children born to Paul Steenstrup Koht (1844–1892), an educator and politician, and Betty Giæver (1845–1936), a part-time teacher with a penchant for singing, languages and drawing. Betty's antecedents were mixed: she was maternally descended from Northern Germany, yet on her father's side she was of Norwegian origin—a distinguished forebear on that side was her great- grandfather, the civil servant Jens Holmboe from Tromsø.Genealogical entries for Hanna Birgitte Holmboe and Joachim Gotsche Giæver (vestraat.
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While the most obvious conclusion is that an X-linked gene of major effect is involved in contributing to ASD, the mechanism appears to be much more complex and perhaps epigenetic in origin. Based on the results of a study on females with Turner syndrome, a hypothesis involving epigenetic mechanisms was proposed to help describe the gender bias of ASD. Turner syndrome patients have only one X chromosome which can be either maternal or paternal in origin. When 80 females with monosomy X were tested for measures of social cognition, the patients with a paternally derived X chromosome performed better than those with a maternally derived X chromosome.
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London: Paul Elek. ; pp. 66–67 The Lord's advisory "Council of the Isles" met on Eilean na Comhairle (Council Island), in Loch Finlaggan on Islay, within a timber framed crannog that had originally been constructed in the 1st century BC. The Islay Charter, a record of lands granted to an Islay resident in 1408, Brian Vicar MacKay, by Domhnall of Islay, Lord of the Isles, is one of the earliest records of Gaelic in public use, and is a significant historical document. In 1437, the Lordship was substantially expanded when Alexander, the Lord of the Isles, inherited the rule of Ross maternally; this included Skye.
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The male line of the Scrope family still exists but it has for centuries now been known simply as "Scrope of Danby", with no hereditary titles left to its name. Although Bolton Castle is still owned by descendants of the Scrope family, they do not have the name of Scrope, being descendants through the female line of the Duchess of Bolton. The present senior male of the family, or Head of the House, is Simon Richard Henry ('Harry') Scrope (b. 1974), only son of Simon Egerton Scrope of Danby (1934-2010), by his wife (Jennifer) Jane Parkinson, a granddaughter maternally of the 1st and last Baron Bingley.
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Accordingly, paternally expressed genes tend to be growth-promoting whereas maternally expressed genes tend to be growth-limiting. In support of this hypothesis, genomic imprinting has been found in all placental mammals, where post-fertilisation offspring resource consumption at the expense of the mother is high; although it has also been found in oviparous birds where there is relatively little post-fertilisation resource transfer and therefore less parental conflict. A small number of imprinted genes are fast evolving under positive Darwinian selection possibly due to antagonistic co-evolution. The majority of imprinted genes display high levels of micro-synteny conservation and have undergone very few duplications in placental mammalian lineages.
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32, pp. 268-270. 2011. The main advantage of the use of polar bodies in PGD is that they are not necessary for successful fertilisation or normal embryonic development, thus ensuring no deleterious effect for the embryo. One of the disadvantages of PB biopsy is that it only provides information about the maternal contribution to the embryo, which is why cases of autosomal dominant and X-linked disorders that are maternally transmitted can be diagnosed, and autosomal recessive disorders can only partially be diagnosed. Another drawback is the increased risk of diagnostic error, for instance due to the degradation of the genetic material or events of recombination that lead to heterozygous first polar bodies.
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Uriel Weinreich was born in Wilno, Poland, (since 1945, Vilnius, Lithuania) to a family that paternally hailed from Courland in Latvia and maternally came from a well-respected and established Wilno Jewish family, the first child of Max Weinreich () and Regina Szabad. He earned his Ph.D. from Columbia University, and went on to teach there, specializing in Yiddish studies, sociolinguistics, and dialectology. He advocated the increased acceptance of semantics, and compiled the iconic Modern English-Yiddish, Yiddish-English Dictionary, published shortly after his death. Weinreich was the son of the linguist Max Weinreich, and the mentor of both Marvin Herzog, with whom he laid the groundwork for the Language and Culture Atlas of Ashkenazic Jewry (LCAAJ), and William Labov.
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Surveys of cases of human aneuploidy syndromes have shown that most of them are maternally derived. This raises the question: Why is female meiosis more error prone? The most obvious difference between female oogenesis and male spermatogenesis is the prolonged arrest of oocytes in late stages of prophase I for many years up to several decades. Male gametes on the other hand quickly go through all stages of meiosis I and II. Another important difference between male and female meiosis concerns the frequency of recombination between homologous chromosomes: In the male, almost all chromosome pairs are joined by at least one crossover, while more than 10% of human oocytes contain at least one bivalent without any crossover event.
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Members of this genus have been the subject of research by preeminent plant ecologists, evolutionary biologists, and geneticists, including Charles Darwin, Gregor Mendel, Carl Correns, Herbert G. Baker, and Janis Antonovics. Many Silene species continue to be widely used to study systems, particularly in the fields of ecology and evolutionary biology.Bernasconi et al. 2009. Silene as a model system in ecology and evolution. Heredity. 103:5-14. PMID 19367316 The genus has been used as a model for understanding the genetics of sex determination for over a century. Silene species commonly contain a mixture of hermaphroditic and female (or male-sterile) individuals (gynodioecy), and early studies by Correns showed that male sterility could be maternally inherited,Correns C. 1906.
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In the 1870s however, the predominant winter ball game in Hampshire was rugby with at least seven Rugby sides having been established in Southampton by 1880. In November 1880, a 19-year-old clerk, Stanley Gibbs, was killed (with a broken spine) as a result of a collapsed scrimmage in a rugby match played on Porters Mead (now Queens Park) between Trojans and Romsey Rangers. Following the inquest, John Cooksey J.P. the mayor of Southampton, attempted to ban all forms of football on public lands in Southampton. The ban was reported in the national press, with the Athletic News declaring that Mr. Cooksey was "maternally disposed" who bore the "senile temerity of bumbledom" upon his face.
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Another key player in mesoderm formation is VegT, a maternally and zygotically expressed transcription inducer localized in the vegetal hemisphere. In Xenopus, VegT activates transcription of Nodal-related genes (Xnr) genes, Activin and other mesodermal transcripts, which are responsible for initiating mesodermal formation (14,21). Using dominant negative Activin receptors in Xenopus animal caps, it has been shown that FGF signaling is crucial for mesoderm formation through the activation of this and other TGFβ family members (7,22), and this process is mediated by the VegT-dependent transcription activation. The mesodermal induction properties of VegT are dose-dependent, such that in Xenopus animal cap explants, high doses induces dorsal mesoderm, while lower doses result in ventral mesoderm (23).
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Inspired by the variety of mothers and mothering, co- founder Amy Hudock sought out and gathered women in Berkeley, California interested in reading and writing about motherhood. This group challenged the conventional two-way street of motherhood commonly found in mainstream media: either "sickly sweet" or utterly negative. "We weren't able to get our work published because the glossy parenting magazines only wanted articles that showed only a small part of motherhood and we wanted a place where we could publish our work and find work we wanted to read," says Ms. Hudock. With the collaboration of co-founder Andrea J. Buchanan, Literary Mama: A Literary Magazine for the Maternally Inclined was born.
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If a Fijian was Kai Rewa and Vasu i Lau (paternally from Rewa District of Rewa Province and maternally from Lakeba, Lau), then he/she would be considered from Rewa, which is of the Burebasaga confederacy and Lakeba of the Lau Province, which is of the Tovata confederacy. With respect to his/her matrilineal side, being that of Lakeba, Lau Province of Tovata, the following applies: If he/she were to take his/her father's side and purely acknowledge his/her lineage from Rewa Tikina, Rewa Province, of the Burebasaga confederacy the following would apply: He/she would say "Naita" to those from Tailevu and Yasayasa Vakara and "Tauvu" to those from the Lau group.
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Many emergent themes of ncRNA-directed chromatin modification were first apparent within the phenomenon of imprinting, whereby only one allele of a gene is expressed from either the maternal or the paternal chromosome. In general, imprinted genes are clustered together on chromosomes, suggesting the imprinting mechanism acts upon local chromosome domains rather than individual genes. These clusters are also often associated with long ncRNAs whose expression is correlated with the repression of the linked protein-coding gene on the same allele. Indeed, detailed analysis has revealed a crucial role for the ncRNAs Kcnqot1 and Igf2r/Air in directing imprinting. Almost all the genes at the Kcnq1 loci are maternally inherited, except the paternally expressed antisense ncRNA Kcnqot1.
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Timmins was born Noé- Antoine, in Mattawa, Ontario, to Henriette Miner (1830 - 1894) and Noël Timmins (1828 - 1887), a merchant who had emigrated from England with his parents, Joseph Timmins (1795 - 1835) and Marguerite Hirschbeck (aka Aspeck, died 1805), the latter being of German and French descent — her mother, Louise-Amable Morin, was a direct descendant of 17th-century settlers Noël Morin and his wife, Hélène Desportes, who is often counted as the first white child born in Canada. Both Miner and Timmins maternally descend from several early French-Canadian settler families, include Boucher, Langlois, Guyon, Gagné, Gaudry, Merlot, Proulx and Martin.Généalogie du Québec Généalogie du Québec et d'Amérique française, "Généalogie Noe-Antoine Timmins". Retrieved January 8, 2018.
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Gravestone of John Latham, his father, and other close family members at St Mary's Church, Sandbach John Latham (18 March 1787 – 30 January 1853), was a magistrate and poet who is buried in Sandbach.Norman Moore, "Latham, John (1787–1853)", rev. Anita McConnell, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 He is the son of John Latham (1761–1843). Born at Oxford, 18 March 1787, Latham was the eldest son of the late John Latham, M.D., F.R.S., sometime President of the Royal College of Physicians, and, as a coheir of the Cheshire families of Mere and Arderne, derived maternally a recorded descent from most of the ancient houses of that palatinate.
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This could benefit the embryos in which a warmer incubation increases developmental rate and therefore accelerating the hatching process. On the other hand, decreased incubation periods also may minimize the embryo's exposure to risks of nest predation or lethal extremes thermal conditions where embryos move to cooler regions of the egg during periods of dangerously high temperatures. In addition, embryonic thermoregulation could enhance hatching fitness via modifications to a range of phenotypic traits where embryos with minimal temperature differences hatch at the same time decreasing the individuals' risk of predation. Therefore, the developmental rates of embryos of reptiles are not passive consequences of maternally enforced decisions about the temperatures that the embryo will experience before hatching.
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Since mtDNA is inherited maternally and passed to each offspring, all members of the maternal familial line will share a haplotype. A haplotype "is a group of alleles in an organism that are inherited together from a single parent". The sharing of this haplotype among family members can cause an issue in forensic samples because these samples are often mixtures that contain more than one DNA contributor. Deconvolution and interpretation of mtDNA mixtures is more difficult than that of nuclear DNA and some laboratories choose not to attempt the process Since mtDNA does not recombine, the genetic markers are not as diverse as autosomal STRs are in the case of nuclear DNA.
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Timmins was born Louis-Xavier Henri Timmins, in 1858, to Henriette Mineur (aka Moyer, aka Miner) (1830–1894), a German immigrant, and Noël Timmins (1828–1887), a merchant, who had emigrated from England with his parents, Joseph Timmins (1795–1835) and Marguerite Hirschbeck (aka Aspeck, died 1805), the latter being of German and French descent — her mother, Louise-Amable Morin, was a direct descendant of 17th-Century settlers Noël Morin and his wife, Hélène Desportes, who is often counted as the first white child born in Canada. Both Miner and Timmins maternally descend from several early French-Canadian settler families, include Boucher, Langlois, Guyon, Gagné, Gaudry, Merlot, Proulx and Martin.Généalogie du Québec Généalogie du Québec et d'Amérique française, "Généalogie Noe-Antoine Timmins". Retrieved January 8, 2018.
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Serum sickness–like reaction is named for its clinical similarity to serum sickness, in which immune complexes are deposited in the skin, joints, and other organs. True serum sickness, a type III hypersensitivity reaction, results in fever, lymphadenopathy, arthralgias, cutaneous eruptions, gastrointestinal disturbances, proteinuria, and significant decreases in serum complement levels; it was originally described after patients were infused with equine immunoglobulins. In contrast, serum sickness–like reactions are specific drug reactions that are not associated with circulating immune complexes. Although the exact pathogenesis is poorly understood, serum sickness–like reactions are thought to originate from an abnormal inflammatory reaction that occurs in response to defective metabolism of drug byproducts generated during pharmacologic therapy; the metabolic flaw could be a maternally-inherited trait.
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Professor Gabdulkhay Khuramovich Akhatov: Life and Work – "Tatarovedenie" – MTSS British Library : Works by Professor G. Kh. Akhatov Work by Professor G. Аkhatov in University of Michigan (U.S.A.) Gabdulkhay Khuramovich Akhatov / PERSONALIA. – J. "RUSSIAN TURCOLOGY", 2013, № 2, P.122-126 The grandfather – Deminov Abdrahman Sultanovich (1 January 1906, the Russian Empire, Nizhniy Novgorod – 14 February, Poland, Bydgoshchsky province, Tuholya) was a major industrial and Soviet worker, one of founding fathers of the glass industry in the USSR (maternally).Memorial of the Great Patriotic War: Deminov Abdrahman Sultanovich The mother – Roza Abdrahmanovna Akhatova (born on 11 July 1929, Tatarstan), a worker of education, teacher of Russian and literature with the 30-year experience, veteran of work; nowadays on pension, she lives in Kazan.
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In many species where cytoplasmic male sterility occurs, the nuclear genome has evolved so-called restorer genes, which repress the effects of the cytoplasmic male sterility genes and restore the male function, making the plant a hermaphrodite again. The co-evolutionary arms race between selfish mitochondrial genes and nuclear compensatory alleles can often be detected by crossing individuals from different species that have different combinations of male sterility genes and nuclear restorers, resulting in hybrids with a mismatch. Another consequence of the maternal inheritance of the mitochondrial genome is the so-called Mother's Curse. Because genes in the mitochondrial genome are strictly maternally inherited, mutations that are beneficial in females can spread in a population even if they are deleterious in males.
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At the same time, genomic or sexual conflict are not the only possible mechanisms whereby imprinting can evolve. Several molecular mechanisms for genomic imprinting have been described, and all have the aspect that maternally and paternally derived alleles are made to have distinct epigenetic marks, in particular the degree of methylation of cytosines. An important point to note regarding genomic imprinting is that it is quite heterogeneous, with different mechanisms and different consequences of having single parent-of-origin expression. For example, examining the imprinting status of closely related species allows one to see that a gene that is moved by an inversion into close proximity of imprinted genes may itself acquire an imprinted status, even if there is no particular fitness consequence of the imprinting.
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This was particularly common in the northwestern and northeastern parts of the subcontinent where invaders of Central Asian origin often invaded throughout history. Many Indian traders, merchants, and missionaries travelled to Southeast Asia (where Indianized kingdoms were established) and often took local wives from the region. The Romani people ("Gypsies") who have origins in the Indian subcontinent travelled westwards and also took local wives in Central Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. Genetic studies show that the majority of Romani males carry large frequencies of particular Y chromosomes (inherited paternally) that otherwise exist only in populations from South Asia, in addition to nearly a third of Romani females carrying particular mitochondrial DNA (inherited maternally) that is rare outside South Asia.
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For example, today it is commons for Indonesians to use Javanese terms to address people across Indonesia, such as "Mas" (to address the same of age or slightly older male) or "Mbak" (for female counterparts). It is common in national capital Jakarta; however, this phenomenon has somewhat alarmed the Malay and Minangkabau-speaking realms in Sumatra that considered it as a form of Javanisation and cultural imperialism. In social and politics, the examples of perceived Javanisation such as numbers of Indonesian Presidents are always Javanese (even B. J. Habibie who is maternally Javanese — and Javanese kinship is bilineal). Also the alleged Javanese political dominance in government administrations, civil service, military and police, as well as Javanese traits in Indonesian political culture.
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However, these latter hybrid lines (with European mtDNA) do not appear to propagate themselves well or persist. Population genetics analysis of Africanized honey bees in the United States, using a maternally inherited genetic marker, found 12 distinct mitotypes, and the amount of genetic variation observed supports the idea that there have been multiple introductions of AHB into the United States. A newer publication shows the genetic admixture of the Africanized honey bees in Brazil. The small number of honey bees with African ancestry that were introduced to Brazil in 1956, which dispersed and hybridized with existing managed populations of European origin and quickly spread across much of the Americas, is an example of a massive biological invasion as earlier told in this article.
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It did not match that of the Duke of Edinburgh or that of the bones, confirming that Anderson was not related to the Romanovs. However, the sample matched DNA provided by Karl Maucher, a grandson of Franziska Schanzkowska's sister, Gertrude (Schanzkowska) Ellerik, indicating that Karl Maucher and Anna Anderson were maternally related and that Anderson was Schanzkowska.Godl (1998); Stoneking et al. Five years after the original testing was done, Dr. Terry Melton of the Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, stated that the DNA sequence tying Anderson to the Schanzkowski family was "still unique", though the database of DNA patterns at the Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory had grown much larger, leading to "increased confidence that Anderson was indeed Franziska Schanzkowska".
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In response to L'Estrange, Thorowgood published a second edition of his book in 1660 with a revised title and included a foreword written by John Eliot, a Puritan missionary to the Indians who had translated the Bible into an Indian language. American diplomat and journalist Mordecai Manuel Noah proposed the idea in his publication The American Indians Being the Descendants of the Lost Tribes of Israel (1837). That some or all American Indians are part of the lost tribes is suggested by the Book of Mormon (1830) and it is also a popular belief among Latter-day Saints.Ugo A. Perego, "The Book of Mormon and the Origin of Native Americans from a Maternally Inherited DNA Standpoint", in No Weapon Shall Prosper: New Light on Sensitive Issues, ed.
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In June 2013, Gujarat came to the media fore when it was discovered that the British monarchy have Indian mitochondrial DNA traced through Princess Diana which has been maternally inherited by both her sons, Prince William and Prince Harry. The connection traces back eight generations, to Eliza Kewark, who was housekeeper to Prince William's ancestor Theodore Forbes, born in 1788, a Scottish merchant from a landowning family who had travelled to India to work for the East India Company in Surat, a port north of Bombay. The DNA was passed down through Eliza's daughters and granddaughters to Princess Diana. Eliza is variously described in contemporary documents as "a dark-skinned native woman", "an Armenian woman from Bombay", and "Mrs. Forbesian".
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Rabbi Morris Aaron Gutstein (February 26, 1905 – April 21, 1987) was an American rabbi. He was a prominent congregational Rabbi in Newport, Rhode Island, and Chicago, Illinois, and a historian best known for his work on the history of the Jewish community of colonial Newport. Rabbi Gutstein was born to Naftali and Sarah Pearl Taubes in Otynia, a small town in the province of Galicia (Central Europe), which at the time of his birth was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He was a scion of a rabbinical family, descended maternally from a long line of renowned rabbis, including Rabbi Yisroel ben Eliezer (The Baal Shem Tov), the founder of Hasidic Judaism, and Rashi (Rabbi Shlomo Yitzhaqi), the famous Biblical exegete.
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" A 2011 literature review by Schlomer, Del Giudice, and Ellis in Psychological Review stated regarding the theory: > "Recently, Crespi and Badcock (2008a; Badcock, 2009) argued that genomic > imprinting can help explain the evolution of the human brain and the origin > of some important psychological disorders. They reviewed a large body of > evidence linking imprinted genes to the etiology of autism and psychosis, > and proposed that autistic-spectrum conditions are associated with a > "paternally biased" pattern of brain development (i.e., over-expression of > paternal genes and/or under-expression of maternal genes), while psychotic- > spectrum syndromes would be associated to a "maternally biased" development. > Although Crespi and Badcock’s model is still speculative in several > respects, and has been met with criticism by some researchers (e.g.
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The Kingdom of Kongo reached its apex during the reign of its most powerful king Garcia II. King Garcia II had come to power after the death of his brother, Álvaro VI, whom he had assisted in seizing the throne of Kongo from the House of Kimpanzu. Together, the brothers forged a new dynasty named for the Nlaza kanda, thus the House of Kinlaza. The ascension of this dynasty, which traced its legitimacy to the throne maternally as opposed to the paternal pedigree of the House of Kimpanzu and House of Nsundi was greeted with hostility from the get go. Rival claimants for the throne of Kongo, by then the most powerful state in Central Africa, united behind the Kimpanzu.
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" Stacy-Ann Ellis of Vibe notes Michelle's "rough around the edges" demeanor as evidenced in her role in Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta, but points out that the album shows more to her than just the " 'shaking the table' moments, Piscean dramatics and a mouthful of expletives. Her keep-it-real charm drew fans in, and her rebellious soul will keep them there." Maura Johnston of MSN Music wrote, "Reality TV junkies might know this fiery singer from VH1′s ‘Love and Hip-Hop Atlanta,’ but she's been releasing real-talk-filled mixtapes for the past three years ... She shows off her super-raunchy, defiantly strong and maternally devoted sides, among others. All of these lyrics sound like they were written in moments of high passion, thanks in part to her take-no- prisoners voice.
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KCNQ1OT1 is a paternally expressed allele and KCNQ1 is a maternally expressed allele. KCNQ1OT1 is a nuclear, 91 kb transcript, found in close proximity to the nucleolus in certain cell types. It interacts with chromatin, the histone methyltransferase G9a (responsible for the mono- and dimethylation of histone 3 lysine 9, H3K9), and the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2, PRC2, (responsible for the trimethylation of H3K27). It plays an important role in the transcriptional silencing of the KCNQ1 locus by regulating histone methylation. An 890 bp region at the 5′ end of KCNQ1OT1 acts as a silencing domain. This region regulates CpG methylation levels of somatically acquired differentially methylated regions (DMRs), mediates the interaction of KCNQ1OT1 with chromatin and with DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), but does not affect the interactions of histone methyltransferases with KCNQ1OT1.
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According to Chaubey and Endicott (2013) Overall, the Andamanese are more closely related to Southeast Asians than they are to present-day South Asians. According to Basu et al. (2016), the populations of the Andaman Islands archipelago form a distinct ancestry, which is "coancestral to Oceanic populations and not close to South Asians (India)." Analysis of paternal lineages indicates that all Onge carry the Y-DNA Haplogroup D.Kumarasamy Thangaraj, Lalji Singh, Alla G. Reddy, V.Raghavendra Rao, Subhash C. Sehgal, Peter A. Underhill, Melanie Pierson, Ian G. Frame, Erika Hagelberg（2003）；Genetic Affinities of the Andaman Islanders, a Vanishing Human Population ；Current Biology Volume 13, Issue 2, 21 January 2003, Pages 86–93 doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(02)01336-2 Maternally, the Onge also exclusively belong to the M clade, bearing the M2 and M4 subclades.
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Woodford's father was descended maternally from Ralph Brideoake, a 17th-century clergyman who became Dean of Salisbury. In 1820 Woodford married Charlotte Mary Ann Fraser; they had two sons one of whom, Charles John Woodford, was killed at the Siege of Cawnpore during the Indian Mutiny and is commemorated by a memorial stone in the floor of the north transept of Westminster Abbey. The Château d'Hougoumont held by Woodford during the closing stages of the Battle of Waterloo The elder son, the Reverend Adolphus Frederick Alexander Woodford, left the Coldstream Guards for a career in the Anglican Church, later becoming a prominent historian of Freemasonry.John A. Seed, AFA Woodford, Ars Quatuor Coronatorum 93, 1980, pp 118–128 Woodford also had a younger brother, John George Woodford (1785-1879), who enjoyed a similarly respectable military career.
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Holt was one of six sons of John Holt, a farmer in County Wicklow. The Holt family were Protestant loyalists in Ballydaniel (Ballydonnell) near Redcross who arrived in Ireland as Elizabethan or planters under James I. Holt, upon marrying Hester Long [maternally of the Manning ("Oranger") family] in 1782, set himself up as a farmer in the vicinity of Roundwood. He joined the Irish Volunteers in the 1780s and held a number of minor public offices such as an inspector of wool and cloth but became involved in law enforcement as a sub-constable, billet master for the militia and a bounty hunter. Holt was involved in The Battle of Vinegar Hill which was an engagement during the Irish Rebellion of 1798 on 21 June 1798 when over 15,000 British soldiers launched an attack on Vinegar Hill outside Enniscorthy, County Wexford.
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Mothers who were found to display higher sensitivity towards their children from preschool to first grade were found to have higher achieving children than those who displayed lower maternal sensitivity. The children of maternally sensitive mothers scored higher in math and phoneme knowledge than those who had a history of lower maternal sensitivity. Maternal sensitivity has been shown to teach infants attentional skills, which are necessary later in life for emotional control, and other more complex cognitive processes. In families with more than one child (twins or triplets), it has been found that maternal sensitivity is lower, as there are more needs to be taken care of by the mother and less time to form a unique bond, which in turn results in decreased cognitive development in the infants (relative to if the child were raised alone).
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Baron Lars got the title Baron of Nynes (Nynäs) from one of his maternally inherited manors. His male line became extinct on 5 January 1569. His cousin, sir Klaus Eriksson Fleming (died 1535-1597), member of the Privy Council of Sweden, afterwards Lord High Admiral of Sweden, Lord High Constable of Sweden (marsk) and Governor General of Finland, was created on 2 August 1569 baron of the barony of Vik. His male line became extinct in the Åbo Bloodbath on 10 November 1599. When the Swedish House of Knights was established, the family of Fleming of Louhisaari, noble since time immemorial, was registered there, under number 4 of untitled nobility. Sir Klas or Claes Larsson Fleming (Flemingvaesnsjigirhgarg) (1592–1644), was an admiral and the first Over-Governor of Stockholm (1634–1644) after the office was instituted by the Instrument of Government of 1634.
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The genetic methods used to confirm the family relationships and ancestry of the hybrid bears from northern Canada date back to the early 1990s, and are not powerful enough to reveal ancient history. However, the newer methods of genomics analyze thousands of sites in the genome, allowing the history of individual fragments of chromosomes to be traced back to particular populations (or species in the case of hybridization). Genomics studies of brown bears and polar bears have revealed that gene flow from polar bears into brown bears, but not the other way around, was widespread in time and space during the Pleistocene. Of particular note, the bears living on the islands of the Alexander Archipelago of southeast Alaska trace their maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA entirely to polar bears, but over 90% of their nuclear genome to brown bears.
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Doukas, Latinized as Ducas (; feminine: Doukaina/Ducaena, Δούκαινα; plural: Doukai/Ducae, Δοῦκαι), from the Latin title dux ("leader", "general", Hellenized as [ðouks]), is the name of a Byzantine Greek noble family, whose branches provided several notable generals and rulers to the Byzantine Empire in the 9th–11th centuries. A maternally-descended line, the Komnenodoukai, founded the Despotate of Epirus in the 13th century, with another branch ruling over Thessaly. After the 12th century, the name "Doukas" and other variants proliferated across the Byzantine world, and were sometimes presented as signifying a direct genealogical relationship with the original family or the later branch based in the Despotate of Epirus. The continuity of descent amongst the various branches of the original, middle Byzantine family is not clear, and historians generally recognize several distinct groups of Doukai based on their occurrence in the contemporary sources.
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If the amniotic sac breaks early into pregnancy, the potential of introducing bacteria in the amniotic fluid can increase, yet administering antibiotics maternally can potentially prevent chorioamnionitis and allow for a longer pregnancy. In addition, it has been shown that it is not necessary to deliver the fetus quickly after chorioamnionitis is diagnosed, so a C-section is not necessary unless it is necessary for maternal reasons. However, research has found that beginning labor early at approximately 34 weeks can lessen the likelihood of fetal death, and reduce the potential for excessive infection within the mother. In addition, providers should interview people suspected to have chorioamnionitis about whether they are experiencing signs and symptoms at scheduled obstetrics visits during pregnancy, including whether the individual has experienced excretion vaginally, whether the individual reports signs of being febrile, or if their abdominal area has been in pain.
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John Manners Tollemache (died 1837) #Hon. Charles Manners-Tollemache (2 January 1775 – 26 July 1850), married twice and had issue.His son William Tollemache was grandfather maternally of Ethel Ruth Hare who married Sir Herbert Perrott, 5th and 1st Bt.). Their descendants include the present Lord Biddulph, Lord Forester, Lord Bolton, and the Marquess of Downshire #Lady Catherine Sophia Manners, or Katherine Sophia Manners (died 28 May 1825), married on 16 August 1793 as his first wife Sir Gilbert Heathcote, 4th Baronet #Maria Caroline Manners (died. 20 December 1805), married on 9 September 1799 James Duff, 4th Earl Fife #Louisa Grace Manners (died 19 February 1816), married on 15 August 1802 Aubrey Beauclerk, 6th Duke of St Albans #Lady Laura Manners Tollemache (died 11 July 1834), married on 2 June 1808 as Miss Laura Manners, John William Henry Dalrymple, later 7th Earl of Stair (1784–1840), nullified July 1811.
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This usually leads to new expansions as generations pass (dynamic mutations) instead of reproducing an exact copy of the trinucleotide repeat. This causes the number of repeats to change in successive generations, such that an unaffected parent with an "intermediate" number of repeats (28–35), or "reduced penetrance" (36–40), may pass on a copy of the gene with an increase in the number of repeats that produces fully penetrant HD. Such increases in the number of repeats (and hence earlier age of onset and severity of disease) in successive generations is known as genetic anticipation. Instability is greater in spermatogenesis than oogenesis; maternally inherited alleles are usually of a similar repeat length, whereas paternally inherited ones have a higher chance of increasing in length. It is rare for Huntington's disease to be caused by a new mutation, where neither parent has over 36 CAG repeats.
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Portrait of Anna Aleksandrovna by Vladimir Borovikovsky From January 19, 1795 he was married to Anna Alexandrovna Nashchokina, née Yermolayeva (1754–1822), widow of court counselor Yakov Ivanovich Ordin-Nashchokin (1728–1793); the daughter of Lieutenant Alexander Petrovich Ermolaev and Ekaterina Gavrilovna BelkinaAnna Alexandrovna's younger sister was maternally married to Major General Yevgeny Olenin. In her youth, she was beautiful, distinguished by kindness and courtesy, but "very simple and without any education". Anna Alexandrovna told that when she married old Nashchokin, she tried to dress older than her years, and when she married Obolyaninov, she began to youth to appear younger. According to the testimony of Elizabeth Yankova, "since she was a great hunter before the dogs she held, she was just talking about dogs"; at night, the little dogs sometimes occupied the entire bed of the hostess, so that she herself "somehow clung to the edge".
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This coincides with anthropological and linguistic hypotheses placing the ethnogensis of the Cushitic language family in the aforementioned regions. Maternally, Cushitic populations are more diverse, yet share certain lineages in common such as various East African-origin Macro- haplogroup L lineages (various L0, L1, L5, L2, L6, L4, L3 lineages) and North African and/or Middle Eastern-origin M1 and Macro-haplogroup N (in particular N subclades N1a, N1b, R0a, HV1b1, I, K1a, U3a, and U6a). Autosomal ancestry Genetic components present in select Cushitic populations Genetic components present in select Cushitic/HOA populations Cushitic populations have existed at the cross-roads of Africa and Eurasia since the Stone Age, with the Nile acting as a corridor between sub-Saharan Africa and Levant and North Africa thus Cushitic populations have multiple origins, like most other populations, that have become idiosyncratic of Cushitic populations. Cushitic populations tend to combine in their ancestries both, genetic components indigenous to East Africa, and non-African components of West Asian origin.
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Ice Age map of the peninsula from which the British Isles were formed, showing find sites for Pleistocene and Holocene horse remains Exmoor fanciers claim the breed is directly descended from an isolated population of wild ancestors bred pure since the Ice Age, and thus more than 10,000 years old. However, modern DNA research to date has not supported that view of the origin of the Exmoor pony, as existing studies indicate they share their maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA with various other horse breeds from across the world, and their paternally inherited Y-chromosome is identical to that of most other domesticated horses. Nevertheless, horses have been present in Britain for hundreds of thousands of years. Two species of wild horse were identified from remains at Pakefield, East Anglia, dating back to 700,000 BC, and spear damage on a horse shoulder bone discovered at Eartham Pit, Boxgrove, dated 500,000 BC, showed that early humans were hunting horses in the area at that time.
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Paré was born in 1885 to Dr. Louis- Alphonse Paré and his wife, Josephine Timmins, daughter of Henriette Miner (1830 - 1894) and Noël Timmins (1828 - 1887), a merchant, who had emigrated from England with his parents, Joseph Timmins (1795 - 1835) and Marguerite Hirschbeck (aka Aspeck, died 1805), the latter being of German and French descent — her mother, Louise-Amable Morin, was a direct descendant of 17th- Century settlers Noël Morin and his wife, Hélène Desportes, the latter of whom is often counted as the first white child born in Canada. Both Miner and Timmins maternally descend from several early French-Canadian settler families, include Boucher, Langlois, Guyon, Gagné, Gaudry, Merlot, Proulx and Martin. Paré's mother, Josephine, was the sister of Noah Timmins and Henry Timmins, each of whom married a sister of Dr. Paré's, so that three Timmins siblings were wed to three Paré siblings.Généalogie du Québec Généalogie du Québec et d'Amérique française, "Généalogie Noe-Antoine Timmins".
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The attack emotionally fractures Fancy, and, for two or three months, she is a shadow of herself, constantly self-conscious and afraid that her attacker will come back and rape her again, which he eventually does a month later. Both the rapes and Luis's subsequent arrest and near-execution for her attacks and the murder of two other people are highly traumatizing events for Fancy, and she loses some of the free-spiritedness that she once possessed as a result. In later episodes, Fancy has largely shed her vanity and selfishness, though she is still extremely stubborn, and still possesses a bit of the free-spiritedness and love of fun that she did when she was younger; overall, though, Fancy is ashamed or embarrassed by her behavior in her youth. Fancy is deeply compassionate and loving, willing to do anything for her loved ones, and, when not being forced to act against her will, behaves somewhat maternally towards Luis's son, Marty.
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The initial assumption the victims had been related was first questioned by a forensic odontologist named Jim Wood who, having closely examined the jawbone of each victim, concluded the jaw structure and actual dentition were too dissimilar for the decedents to have been related, and further opined his belief that both victims had most likely been female. This belief that both victims had not been related was formally confirmed via an examination of the victims' mitochondrial DNA the following year, which conclusively determined that the two victims had not been maternally related. Despite these revelations, speculation remained the decedents may have been in a romantic relationship, which may have been a reason why they were together at the time of their deaths. As no contemporary missing persons reports of a male and a female missing since late 1978 or early 1979 existed in California which matched the physical characteristics of the decedents, theories remained that the pair may have hitchhiked to California, perhaps from as far away as the Midwestern United States, and possibly as runaways.
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According to Y-DNA analysis by Hassan et al. (2008), among Sudanese Arabs, 67% of Arakien, 43% of Meseria, and 40% of Gaalien individuals carry the haplogroup J. The remainder mainly belong to the E1b1b clade, which is borne by 18% of Gaalien, 17% of Arakien, and 14% of Meseria. Both paternal lineages are also common among local Nubians and Afroasiatic-speaking populations. The next most frequently observed haplogroups among Sudanese Arabs are the European-associated R1 clade (25% Meseria, 16% Gaalien, 8% Arakien), followed by the Eurasian lineage F (11% Meseria, 10% Gaalien, 8% Arakien), the Europe-associated I clade (7% Meseria, 4% Gaalien), and the African A3b2 haplogroup (6% Gaalien). Maternally, Hassan (2009) observed that over 90% of the Sudanese Arabs samples carried various subclades of the Africa-centered macrohaplogroup L. Of these mtDNA lineages, the most frequently borne clade was L3 (68% Gaalien, 40% Meseria, 24% Arakien), followed by the L2 (53% Arakien, 33% Meseria, 9% Gaalien), L0a1 (13% Meseria), L1 (7% Meseria, 5% Gaalien), and L5 (9% Gaalien, 6% Arakien) haplogroups.
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