Velayat-e-faqih (rule of the jurisprudent) is a doctrine that supreme political leadership should be exercised by a senior Shia Islamic scholar.
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One is that Iranian proxy forces in Iraq follow Iran's doctrine of Velayat al-Faqih (Guardianship of the Jurisprudent) that vests ultimate authority in the Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.
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Eugene Rogan of Oxford University argues that the fate of the Arab world will be determined by the contest between three versions of Islam: the Muslim Brotherhood and salafi-jihadism (both Sunni) and the Shia doctrine of the "rule of the jurisprudent".
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Ferdinand Kirchhof (born 21 June 1950) is a German judge, jurisprudent and tax law expert.
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Johannes Masing (born 9 January 1959 in Wiesbaden) is a German jurisprudent, public law and former judge of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany.
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Doris König (born 25 June 1957 in Kiel) is a German judge, jurisprudent and public law scholar who serves as the Vice President of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany ().
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Rudolf Mellinghoff (born 25 November 1954) is a German judge, jurisprudent and tax law expert. Since October 2011 Mellinghoff is sitting President of the Federal Fiscal Court of Germany. He was Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany in the court's second senate (2001-2011).
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Molla Fathollah Kashani was a 15th-century jurisprudent, theologian, and commentator. He is most famous for his commentary on Quran Menhaj Al-Sadeghin. He was a student of Ali Ibn Hassan Zavväri that through him, narrated from Mohaghghe Korki an outstanding scholars of Shah Tahmasp’s court. Molla Fatholla Kashani died in 1580 A.D. (988 A.H.).
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5–6Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, section 8 Article 109 states an essential qualification of "the Leader" is "scholarship, as required for performing the functions of mufti in different fields of fiqh" In the context of Iran, Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist is often referred to as "rule by the jurisprudent", or "rule of the Islamic jurist".
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Man la yahduruhu al-Faqih (lit. For Him Who is Not in the Presence of a Jurisprudent) is concerned with furu' (Jurisprudence). The title has been neatly translated by Edward Granville Browne as "Every man his own lawyer". In his introduction to the book, Ibn Babawayh explains the circumstances of its composition and the reason for its title.
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Ulrich Seibert © Jurgen Ostarhild Ulrich Seibert (August 8, 1954) is a German jurisprudent, head of the division for German company law and corporate governance at the Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection in Berlin, as well as an honorary professor for economic law at the faculty of law of the Heinrich-Heine University of Düsseldorf.
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Yaqut al-Hamawi, Irshad, vol. 18, pg. 57-58. Likewise, Andalusian scholar Ibn 'Abd al-Barr did not include Ibn Hanbal or his views in his book The Hand-Picked Excellent Merits of the Three Great Jurisprudent Imâms about the main representatives of Sunni jurisprudence.Camilla Adang, This Day I have Perfected Your Religion For You: A Zahiri Conception of Religious Authority, pg. 20.
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Lerke Osterloh (born 29 September 1944 in Wüsting-Holle near Oldenburg) is a German judge, jurisprudent and tax law expert. She was sitting Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany in the court's second senate from October 1998 until her retirement in November 2010. Her successor is Monika Hermanns. Along with Gertrude Lübbe-Wolff and Michael Gerhardt, she was considered a member of the senate's left-liberal wing.
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The madrasa owes its name to the faqih (Islamic jurisprudent) Al-Mesbahi, the first faqih who taught in the madrasa. It is distinguishable from the white marble of the wall, which was brought by Abu al-Hassan from the Spanish city of Almeria. The extensive use of the marble made the madrasa nicknamed as "school of marble" (). It consisted of a ground floor and the three floors, but the latter was already destroyed completely.
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He was killed on Thursday the ninth of Jumada al-awwal, 786 A.H. (ca. 1385) during the reign of Sultan Barquq. His death was in accordance with the fatwa of a jurist from the Maliki madhab, which was endorsed by a jurisprudent of the Shaf'i madhab. Accusations against him included rafd, defamation of senior Islamic personages, the companions and family of the Prophet Muhammad Aisha, Abu Bakr and Umar, following the Nusayri faith, and permitting the drinking of wine.
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The designations for the members of consistories alter as to their functions and status as clergy or laymen. In German Konsistorialrat (consistorial councillor) and Konsistorialassessor (consistorial assessor) are each used to term both. Consistories often had double leadership, one lay and one cleric. The lay leader is often called Konsistorialpräsident or Konsistorialdirektor (consistorial president or director), by vocation usually a jurisprudent, while the cleric leaders could be termed Generalsuperintendent or just Superintendent (general superintendent or superintendent), or provost (Propst, as with EKBO).
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He was appointed as Khatib (chief orator in Masjid) at 14 and was installed as Quazi (chief jurisprudent) of Tirurkad by 20. After his course in Jamiya Nooriya Pattikad, he served as Meenar Kuzhi Darse. In 1970, he became the general secretary of Samastha Perintalmanna Taluk chapter and in 1976 as Malappuram district joint secretary of Samastha. In 1978, he was elected general secretary of Pattikad Jamiya Nooriya alumni, in 1986 as the member of Mushavara council and in 1991 as the general secretary of SYS.
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Dr. Abdel Hamid Badawi Pasha (13 March 1887 - 4 August 1965) was born in Alexandria, Egypt. He was a prominent jurisprudent and legislator on both the national and international arenas. Amongst many of the responsibilities that he undertook in his career in Egypt, he served as Minister of Finance and later as Minister of Foreign Affairs, both in the 1940s. During his term as Minister of Foreign Affairs he headed the Egyptian delegation to the UN in San Francisco and was a co-signor of the UN charter on behalf of Egypt.
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Montazeri asserted that the rule of the jurisprudent should not be an absolute rule; instead, it should be limited to the function of advisor to the rulers, who are elected by the people. In 1979, following the overthrow of the Shah, he played a pivotal role in instituting Iran's new constitution. He was one of the leaders of the movement to replace the democratic and secular draft constitution proposed for the Islamic Republic with one where the supervision of Islamic jurists was recognized. He distributed "a detailed commentary and alternate draft" for Iran's new constitution.
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Some tafsir works such as Jilāʾ al-adhhān wa jalāʾ al-aḥzān, better known as Tafsir Gazur, is clearly influenced by Rawd al-jinan such that it is sometimes viewed as a summary of the Rawḍ al-jinān even though the author Maḥāsin Ḥusayn b. Ḥasan al-Jurjānī (q.v.), never refers to Rawḍ al-jinān or even mentions that his commentary is in fact a synopsis of it. Molla Fathollah Kashani, the theologian and jurisprudent of the 10th-16th century, based his own commentary, Menhaj Al-Sadeghin, on Jilāʾ al-adhhān, and so presents Rawḍ al-jinān in a new form.
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IAB is an organisation established in 1998 under the patronage of the esteem Shaykh Muhammad Saleem Dhorat hafizahullah to engender a greater understanding of Islam in young and old alike, amongst Muslims and interested Non-Muslims. To achieve this aim the IAB produces leaflets on various Islamic aspects along with contemporary issues facing the Muslims of today, quarterly Journal Sa'wtus Saahil, weekly broadcast of lecture, Monthly Programme for children from age of 10 & over, Youth programme for youth over 16, Annual Da'wah Conference, Annual Sister Conference, meetings with interested Non-Muslims, Islamic educational classes, religious counseling and fatawaa section (for Islamic jurisprudent guidance).
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Abu Yaqub al-Mustansir Yusuf II Caliph of Maghreb from 1213 until his death. The son of the previous caliph, Muhammad an-Nasir, Yusuf assumed the throne at the age of only 16 years following his father's death. Al-Busiri (1211–1294) was a Sanhaja Berber Sufi poet belonging to the Shadhiliyya order being direct disciple of Sheikh Abu al-Abbas al- Mursi. Ibn Battuta (born 1304; year of death uncertain, possibly 1368 or 1377) was a Berber Sunni Islamic scholar and jurisprudent from the Maliki Madhhab (a school of Fiqh, or Islamic law), and at times a Qadi or judge.
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Rodrigo Borgia studied law at Bologna where he graduated, not simply as Doctor of Law, but as "the most eminent and judicious jurisprudent".Monsignor Peter de Roo (1924), Material for a History of Pope Alexander VI, His Relatives and His Time, (5 vols.), Bruges, Desclée, De Brouwer, volume 2, p. 29. volumes 1–5 After the election of his uncle as Pope Callixtus III, he was ordained deacon and created Cardinal-Deacon of San Nicola in Carcere at the age of twenty-five in 1456. The following year, he was appointed vice-chancellor of the Holy Roman Church.
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According to Ibn Khallikan, he began his religious career with the cultivation of the religious sciences, becoming both a respected scholar of hadith and fiqh and a popular preacher in Baghdad. He was so brilliant a jurisprudent that he became the Marja of his time for all scholars in that field. He was known in Baghdad, the center of Islamic knowledge, in Isfahan, Bukhara, Samarqand, Khwarazm, and throughout Central Asia. Later he abandoned these pursuits, adopting an intensely ascetic way of life and travelled east, first settling in Herat and later in Merv, where his tomb is still reputed to exist.
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Such ignorance by the medical profession was seen as proof that such activity was not undertaken in Britain, in contrast to the expertise of French and German doctors. For British medico-jurisprudent works, such as Alfred Swaine Taylor's 1846 work A Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, the act of sodomy was linked to bestiality, and described as "the unnatural connection of a man with a man or with an animal. The evidence required to establish it is the same as in rape, and therefore penetration alone is sufficient to constitute it". Burlington Arcade, London, which was known for male and female prostitution by the 1870s.
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The Kamāl al-Dīn wa Tamām al-Niʻmah (the perfection of the religion and the end of the blessings) manuscript Man La Yahduruhu al- Faqih (lit. For Him Who is Not in the Presence of a Jurisprudent or When No Theologian is Present) a component of the group of four major books about the traditions of Shi'ite Islam. Despite the fact that many of Ibn Babawayh's other works are extremely important, this book is probably the most famous of his extant writings. However, some authorities maintain that there were five major books of traditions that included another of Ibn Babawayh's works, Madinat al-'ilm.
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Both promoted a fairly open and inclusive interpretation of Calvinism, which was nevertheless at odds with royal tastes. However, the Inn proved fertile ground and the chapel had to be enlarged to accommodate the audience for Sibbes's sermons in 1624.Coulton, p. 81. Mackworth was to achieve eminence in his profession but was clearly not an academic lawyer or jurisprudent and only figures twice in the Pension Book, the records of the presiding council of his Inn of Court: in both cases, he was promoted to a new level of seniority, but only after achieving great offices in the worlds of law and politics.
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There has been discussion over how many people created this prayer. The sudden change of style in the last three or four pages of the prayer is evidence of an inconsistency. Although many Shia theologians and philosophers considered the second section as an "integral part" of the prayer, Allamah Majlesi, a theologian and jurisprudent of the Safavids period, suggests that the second part could have been added by one of the Sufi shaykhs on the basis of its being in accordance with the "taste of Sufis". Allamah Majlesi also argued that the second part was more probably added after the version by Ibn Tawus.
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Sheikh Ahmad Zainuddin Makhdoom bin Sheikh Muhammad Al Gazzali (Arabic: شيخ احمد زين الدين بن شيخ محمد غزالي المليباري; Ahmad Zayn al-Din ibn Muhammad al- Ghazāli al-Malibári), grandson of Sheikh Zainuddin Makhdoom I, was the writer, orator, historian, jurisprudent and spiritual leader and widely known as Zainuddin Makhdoom Second or Zaniudeen Makhdoom Al Sageer (زين الدين المخدوم الصغير) whose family originated from Ma'bar, Yemen. He inherited the legacy of his grandfather and was installed as the Chief Qadi (judge) in the locality of Ponnani, Kerala, India, as well as appointed as the Chief Müderris (head teacher) in the historic Ponnani Dars at Ponnani Jum'ah Masjid, that buit by Zainuddin Makhdoom I.
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Tübingen also is the home of scholars of international renown such as the Idealist philosopher Immanuel Hermann von Fichte, the theologian Hans Küng, textual criticism pioneer F.C. Baur, jurisprudent Gerhard Anschütz, famous author Walter Jens, and developmental biologist Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard. Slovene refugee Protestant preacher Primož Trubar, who published the first two books in the Slovene language and is regarded as the key consolidator of the Slovene identity, lived in Tübingen and its suburb Derendingen and is buried there. Martin Luther's companion Philipp Melanchthon, called Praeceptor Germaniae (Teacher of Germany), studied here from 1512 to 1514. Former President of Germany Horst Köhler is a Tübingen alumnus as well, as was former Chancellor of Germany Kurt Georg Kiesinger.
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He received the guidance of famous scholars such as Al Hafiz Shihabuddeen bin Al Hajr Al Haithemi (الحافظ شهاب الدين بن الحجر الهيتمي), Grand Mufti of Haramain (chief jurisprudent of Makah and Madina) and commentator in Hadeeth and Fiqh, Izzuddeen bin Abdul Azeez al Zamzami (عز الدين بن عبد العزيز الزمزمي), Shiekh Abdul Rahman bin Ziyad (شيخ عبد الرحمن بن زياد) and Sayyid Abdul Rahman Al Safwi (سيد عبد الرحمن الصفوي). He gained the Tassawwuf (Sufi spiritual knowledge) from Kutub Zaban Zain Ul Arifeen Muhammed Bin Sheikh Ul Arif Abu Hasan Al Bakri (قطب الزمان زين العارفين محمد بن شيخ العارف ابو حسن البكري) and was honored with eleven Khirkath (خرقة), symbol of grade in Tareeqath. Within a short period he was hailed as the Sheikh of Qadriya Tareeqath.
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The great Sheikh, the supporter of religion and annihilator of the works of the corrupt and the wrongdoers, Jamal al-Din Abu-Mansur Hasan, is the son of Sadid al-Din Yusuf, the son of Zayn al- Din `Ali, the son of Muhammad, the son of Mutahhar, known as `Allamah Hilli and `Allamah `ala al-Itlaq. Sheikh `Amili, in (his book of) Tadhkirat al- Mutabahhirin, says: Sheikh `Allamah Jamal al-Din Abu-Mansur, Hasan ibn Yusuf ibn `Ali ibn Mutahhar Hilli, is a pure learned scholar, most well-versed of all scholars, researcher, trustworthy, jurisprudent, traditionalist, theologian, and a dignified man unrivaled in the rational and transmitted science. His virtues cannot be counted. He learnt theology and rational science from Muhaqqiq Hilli and Muhaqqiq Tusi and other sciences from other scholars.
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