And so the local attorney argued that, well, schools may be being desegregated, but we can't have swimming pools be desegregated because swimmers come in potentially intimate contact with one another.
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Martin Luther King Jr. A later ruling by the Supreme Court desegregated public transportation in Montgomery, but it wasn't until the 1964 Civil Rights Act that all public accommodations were desegregated nationwide.
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Some white parents kept their children home from newly desegregated schools.
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Ms. Toffler led a march and protest that desegregated the pool.
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Board of Education Supreme Court ruling that desegregated the nation's public schools.
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Montgomery buses were desegregated on December 21, 1956, and the boycott ended.
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Four small Arkansas school districts desegregated on their own due to economic reasons.
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Latin music desegregated the dance halls in New York City in the 1950s.
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What sets Cleveland apart, however, is that it never desegregated to begin with.
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The first integrated spring training game took place two years before President Truman desegregated the U.S. Army, eight years before the U.S. Supreme Court desegregated schools, and 18 years before Congress passed the Civil Rights Act that outlawed all racial discrimination.
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Voicing support for equality, desegregated schools and the rule of law should never be.
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Board of Education, the Supreme Court decision that legally desegregated United States public schools.
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A year after she desegregated the U.S. Open, she did the same at Wimbledon.
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Gayle case that ultimately desegregated buses in Montgomery a year after Parks was arrested.
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Board of Education, schools steadily desegregated, the plans often compelled and overseen by the courts.
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Faced with the threat of a bus boycott, the city desegregated its buses in 1964.
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Unlike the public schools, the housing market could not be desegregated simply by court order.
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In the 1970s, integration gave a leg up to black children in newly desegregated schools.
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On today's date in 2800, President Harry Truman desegregated the American military with an executive order.
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President Harry Truman formally desegregated the entire US armed forces with an executive order in 1948.
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But it wasn't until the 1964 Civil Rights Act that all public accommodations nationwide were desegregated.
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Student bodies in previously all-white universities in the South were desegregated in the early 1960s.
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Their strategy worked and the schools were successfully desegregated, yet there was a price to pay.
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The school was not fully desegregated until he was in the second grade, said Mr. Stevenson.
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Though most municipal pools were desegregated after the second world war, racial tensions continued in the waters.
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At the time the 143th Amendment was ratified, its backers denied it would lead to desegregated schools.
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Martin Luther King Jr. The boycott led to a Supreme Court ruling that desegregated public transportation in Montgomery.
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The North, specifically New York City, has never desegregated schools or integrated schools, leading to de facto segregation.
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Board of Education that public schools had to be desegregated — ends only the first act of the opera.
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He issued orders enforcing black voting rights and with more blacks appearing on juries, desegregated the jury box.
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I grew up in the 1970s and '80s in Teaneck, N.J., which voluntarily desegregated in the early '60s.
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He was drafted and inducted into the Army in mid-1951 (the Army had been desegregated in 1948).
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Executive Order 9981 officially desegregated the armed forces in 1948, but many units remained segregated until late 1954.
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The racial balances of the nearby schools also evened out and the district as a whole became more desegregated.
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And that plan worked as intended: By 1968, just 3 percent of the Jefferson County school district had desegregated.
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Schools were desegregated though a Supreme Court decision, which had to be implemented with the help of the National Guard.
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His reasoning: He spent four years at Central High, the famed Little Rock high school that famously desegregated in 1957.
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She graduated from Duke University in 1968, not long after the drinking fountains in nearby Chapel Hill, N.C., were desegregated.
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A GIRL STANDS AT THE DOOR The Generation of Young Women Who Desegregated America's Schools By Rachel Devlin 342 pp.
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In the '70s and '80s, rising crime helped fuel an exodus of black families and businesses to Houston's newly desegregated suburbs.
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The two were fierce enemies but co-chaired a two-week community meeting when courts ordered that Durham's schools be desegregated.
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She was an organizer of the desegregation effort at the school, not one of the original black students who desegregated the school.
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He had been a paratrooper in the Army, among the first black soldiers at Fort Bragg, N.C., after the military was desegregated.
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The Supreme Court is a power center in the government that has desegregated schools, codified gun rights and legalized same-sex marriage.
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Like everywhere else in Alabama, Jefferson County resisted desegregation with all it had: By 1965 not a single county school had desegregated.
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In Boston, it took until 19463 for a federal judge, W. Arthur Garrity Jr., to order the city's schools to be desegregated.
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He went on to graduate from the Loyola University College of Law in New Orleans shortly after the school had been desegregated.
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He marched in a parade not far from the Little Rock, Arkansas, school desegregated with the backing of federal troops in 1957.
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He appeared with his grandmother Jo Ann Boyce, who was one of 12 black students who desegregated a public school in Clinton, Tennessee.
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When pools were eventually desegregated in the 1940s and 1950s, he says, overall attendance went down as whites increasingly flocked to private pools.
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In 1967, the same year public schools were finally desegregated in Virginia, Falwell had established his own private school called Lynchburg Christian Academy.
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After President Harry Truman desegregated the military in 1948, Cohen served in the Korean War as part of the Army Corp of Engineers.
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The painter and musician moved West in 1965 to attend the San Francisco Art Institute — the only desegregated art institute at the time.
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When the schools in Lower Alabama finally desegregated and everyone she knew, including my grandfather, urged her to retire, she ignored them all.
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In 803, Spotts was one of a few black students who enrolled at a West Virginia elementary school that had desegregated a year earlier.
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When my brother Stacey, part of the Ruby Bridges generation, went to a desegregated school in seventh grade, my dad gave him The Talk.
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The courts — first state and then federal — held that the students could not wear the pins, but that the schools had to be desegregated.
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A 1960 sit-in at the segregated counter, led by four black college students, helped catalyze a movement that desegregated restaurants across the South.
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James Meredith famously desegregated the University of Mississippi in 1962 — nine years before Ole Miss allowed an African-American to play for the Rebels.
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People seem hesitant to be the minority, but if people never venture outside of their comfort zones, then schools would never be fully desegregated.
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If those federal judges had to worry about elections, or about being recalled by a racist local community, few judges would have ordered schools desegregated.
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"There must be something about relationships that are built around eating, around food, around the dinner table, and we have just desegregated that," she said.
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Public swimming pools were racially desegregated during the 20 years after World War II, but that did not mean blacks and whites started swimming together.
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It was less than a decade earlier, in January 1963, that Alexandria County Public Schools had been fully desegregated, after the departure of Superintendent T.C. Williams.
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This was evidenced Thursday both by his past stance on desegregated school busing and his comments about the collegiality of working with segregationists in the Senate.
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Kamala Harris on his 1975 Senate bill opposing federally ordered desegregated busing, former Vice President Joe Biden was busy defending his record in front of black voters.
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Five years in desegregated schools boosted incomes by 30% later on in life; exposure to integrated elementary schools reduces the chance of incarceration by 22 percentage points.
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Further, a range of studies strongly suggest that desegregated schools educate all children such that they can better contribute to American society and to a healthier American economy.
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In one instance, as an officer stationed at Fort Hood, Texas, during World War II, Robinson was told to go to the back of a desegregated Army bus.
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The Dallas school system, as one example, was only desegregated under a court-ordered plan that had to be supervised by a federal judge from 1971 until 2003.
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It found sizable new meanings in the 14th Amendment, holding that it guaranteed desegregated public schools, permitted interracial marriage and ensured equal political representation at the state level.
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Board of Education desegregated public schools, and before President Dwight Eisenhower mandated that all Washington schools integrate in 1954, the playgrounds of D.C. welcomed players of all colors.
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Research shows that both black children who attend desegregated schools end up with more income, higher wages and better long-term health, with no negative effects on white students.
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And when it did finally create a plan, it only desegregated one grade per year, while including an indulgent transfer policy that essentially allowed for schools to remain segregated.
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Glenn McCoy appropriated Norman Rockwell's "The Problem We All Live With," replacing the six-year-old black girl who desegregated a public school with the billionaire Secretary of Education.
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Schools in Minnesota's Twin Cities metropolitan area, which were once some of the most desegregated in the country due to strong state civil rights laws, are now being resegregated.
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Back at Harvard, he met Anne Holton, his future wife and the daughter of a former Virginia governor, Linwood Holton, a moderate Republican who had desegregated the state's schools.
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There were moments where it made good on its promises to black voters: when Lyndon Johnson signed the Civil Rights and Voting Rights Acts, when Harry Truman desegregated the military.
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The other major factor is technology, which has incredible advantages, but it's also desegregated voices and made it harder to take political action because individuals are sucked into echo chambers.
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But the schools remained desegregated from that day forward, and our father chose to retire in Charlottesville years later, because he so valued the friends and support he'd had there.
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While she was the little girl who rode the desegregated school buses that Biden threatened, I was the little homeless girl struggling with absenteeism whose parent Harris would have threatened.
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Pools were desegregated after World War II, frequently by court order, but like America's public schools, integration in the water was more of a legal concept than a cultural one.
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Most of the chain's stores in the South were soon desegregated, though in some Tennessee cities, notably Nashville and Jackson, Woolworth's continued to be segregated until 1965, despite multiple protests.
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As some have noted, this is an odd thing to draw attention to, given Biden's own awkward history of opposing busing to desegregated schools while he was a senator in 1975.
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Activists won a victory in 1960 when Nashville desegregated downtown lunch counters, but sit-ins and pickets of other segregated facilities continued until the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed.
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But in the Army as a whole, Jim Crow was alive and well: The United States military would be desegregated only in 1948, by executive order of President Harry S. Truman.
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The N.F.L. often pats itself on the back by noting that the league desegregated before Major League Baseball, when Kenny Washington and Woody Strode joined the Los Angeles Rams in 1946.
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While Anita's teammates may not object to this novel scenario of desegregated training, the wider Pakistani culture, especially the more conservative or traditional communities, do not condone women training alongside men.
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The military wasn't officially desegregated until 1948, after World War II, by President Harry Truman, but it would still be years before segregation laws governing the rest of the country caught up.
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So did Judge Frank M. Johnson Jr., who served on the federal court panel that issued the Montgomery bus boycott decision, which ordered public transportation to be operated on a desegregated basis.
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What you won't see, though, are pictures of caravans of white people fleeing Baltimore because the schools were desegregated in the 1960s and riots tore through the city after the assassination of Rev.
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Nothing in the law which desegregated restaurants in Virginia and the rest of the country states public establishments are under any obligation to serve patrons they believe to be repugnant and potentially disruptive jackasses.
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It takes us back to a South Bronx that was a radical desegregated neighborhood of immigrants in a segregated city, which breaks with the image of a homogenous ghetto that the media fed us.
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Often these attacks seem to come out of the blue, but they are deeply rooted in the psychological unease created in many white Americans by the shift from a segregated to a desegregated society.
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"For her to say that she is what she is because of the opportunity she got in a so-called desegregated school — excuse my French, that's bullshit," Bebe Coker, a Wilmington activist, said of Harris.
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" He explained, "All the amendment says is that some bureaucrat sitting down there in HEW cannot tell a school district whether it is properly segregated or desegregated, or whether it should or should not have funds.
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Government loyalty boards asked employees whether they believed the blood supply of the Red Cross ought to be desegregated, the poll tax abolished, and federal anti-lynching legislation passed—all policies advocated by the Communist Party.
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He knew the place as just another whites-only club still dotting neighborhoods like his on Charleston's upper peninsula, which had once been majority white but had flipped to majority black after the city desegregated its schools.
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I reminded the audience that after black Baton Rouge residents successfully desegregated local pools in the 1960's, it was Martin Luther King and the SCLC who sought out their organizing wisdom, not the other way around.
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Starting in the 1960s, a broad disability rights movement encouraged legislation and policy that gradually desegregated the institutions and spaces that had kept disabled people out and barred them from exercising the privileges and obligations of full citizenship.
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The San Antonio Woolworth Building, an important site for the Civil Rights Movement in Texas — credited as the first site of a desegregated lunch counter following fruitful sit-ins — is at risk of being lost in a redevelopment plan.
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Reuther warns that if they don't accept the deal the administration was offering (to seat two at-large delegates from the delegation and promise that future conventions would be desegregated), the unions would cut off all the funding for the movement.
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" But she also talked about Kansas's history as "a crucible of the progressive movement," while digging into the state's history of racial justice, noting that "it was 13 mothers and fathers from Topeka that desegregated the schools of this nation.
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F.D.R. ended official discrimination in the federal government and in companies engaged in the war effort; Truman desegregated the armed forces; Kennedy established the Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity; and Johnson signed an executive order banning discrimination by federal contractors.
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His career had completed a singular arc: He attended segregated Charles Drew High School, graduated in the first fully desegregated class at Eunice High School and headed the parish school system nearly a half-century later when it was released from federal oversight.
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One confluence I didn't expect was to see in the very first plate (September 9, 1957) a small girl, Linda Gail McKinley being walked by her mother Grace McKinley and her friend Rita Buchanan to a newly desegregated school, past a line of White protesters.
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A race-related skirmish on what was supposed to be a desegregated bus led to a court-martial that negatively turned the tide for Robinson's military career and instead landed him in the role of Army athletics coach before he was honorably discharged in 1944.
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Tucker was the class president his senior year and believes that experience working with the school's diverse population, along with his time intersecting with the Little Rock Nine, the nine African American students who first desegregated, as foundational to his ability to reach black voters.
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It began as a shrine to the unsung black cowboys in his life, like his cousin Tex Williams, whom he believes in 1967 was the first black boy to win the Texas High School Rodeo Championship, shortly after high school rodeos were officially desegregated.
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Astonishingly, Brasher is nominated to the seat once held by iconic civil rights judge Frank Johnson, who paved the way for Selma marchers to safely cross the Edmund Pettus Bridge, who desegregated Montgomery's buses after the Boycott, and who enfranchised Black voters in the historic Gomillion v.
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During the civil-rights era, when local administrators across the South resisted desegregation and suppressed protests, business élites in Dallas and Charlotte pushed for moderation; Dallas had desegregated its downtown businesses by 1961, and Charlotte began desegregating public accommodations the year before the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
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Over the following two years, he gave a stunning speech on racial equality at the Lincoln Memorial, desegregated the military by executive order and released the committee's report, "To Secure These Rights," declaring a dire need for federal intervention to overcome all manner of racial discrimination.
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"In these desegregated times it's hard to imagine what it meant for Leah Chase to try to create a fancy restaurant for black people," said Lolis Eric Elie, an author and filmmaker whose father was a prominent New Orleans civil rights lawyer and whose mother was a well-regarded educator.
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"Obviously, as Bennett writes in his HuffPo letter to McDaniel, a lot has changed since 1939:"Much of American society is desegregated and we have full voting rights now, but as you might imagine, we still have pockets of society resistant to this newer reality, but that probably comes as no surprise.
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As mayor of Richmond Mr Kaine sent his children to tough, mostly-black city schools—an act which was itself an example of history rhyming: he married the daughter of the moderate Republican governor of Virginia from 1969 to 1973, A. Linwood Holton, who ended his state's ferocious resistance to civil rights and desegregated schools.
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Despite the community's historical significance to both the civil rights movement (skaters protested for desegregated rinks back in the 1960s) and the birth of hip-hop (rappers would perform at rinks when other venues wouldn't allow them), the film reveals that the scene's very existence is under threat as rinks around the country close down.
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The modern concept of Arlington — an egalitarian Elysian field where generals and G.I.'s of every creed and color are buried side by side — did not truly emerge until the cemetery was desegregated after World War II, according to Micki McElya, a history professor at the University of Connecticut who has written about the cemetery.
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These statistics paint a grim picture for racial progress: What does it mean for today's teens to have a more grim outlook on the state of race in America at the end of the second term of the first black president compared with teens half a century ago who were just beginning to feel the impact of desegregated schools?
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In his book, "Crusaders in the Courts" (1994), Jack Greenberg, a former director-counsel of the Legal Defense Fund, wrote that Ms. Fairfax did it all: forged new links between the organization and blacks; organized groups to demand desegregated schools and fair employment; and published pamphlets about busing, the treatment of Native Americans and the exclusion of women from private clubs.
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Rather, it was the result of the Supreme Court's increased importance in American life, and a wild miscalculation by Republicans and Bork himself of how his viewpoints on laws and statutes that, for instance, desegregated American schools and public institutions — and his work on behalf of the only president to resign from office — would be perceived by the American public.
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A 218 longitudinal study by the economist Rucker Johnson at the University of California, Berkeley, followed black adults who had attended desegregated schools and showed that these adults, when compared with their counterparts or even their own siblings in segregated schools, were less likely to be poor, suffer health problems and go to jail, and more likely to go to college and reside in integrated neighborhoods.
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"When the public schools in Mississippi were ordered desegregated, many thousands of white families cobbled together what they could laughingly call a school to send their children to for no other reason except they didn't want them to be around n-words or to be treated or behave as equal to black people," former Mississippi Democratic Party Chairman Rickey Cole echoed to the news outlet.
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That becomes abundantly clear when Cochran remodels O.J.'s home as a bastion to black history ahead of the jury visit, removing photos of half-naked women, football posters and pictures of the star alongside his white buddies and replacing them with African folk art and the 1964 Norman Rockwell painting "The Problem We All Live With," featuring a 6-year-old Ruby Bridges walking to her newly desegregated school.
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So what black doctors have had to do is create their own professional societies, and the leading one is called the National Medical Association, or the N.M.A. And it's at this moment, when Cobb is in this leadership position, that the fight for universal health insurance that started decades back and the fight for a desegregated health care system that started at the end of the Civil War finally merge into one fight.
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