978 Sentences With "datum" | Random Sentence Generator

In New York City, the new datum is generally 1.1 feet below the old datum.

Every country has its own datum, and the one Australia has used to date is called the Geocentric Datum of Australia 22020, or GDA22020.

The Datum network currently has 80,000 users, and since the launch of the Datum App in late December, users have collected 1.5 million DAT tokens, amounting to around $75,000.

An example is Datum, a decentralized marketplace for user data.

Led by Datum Invest AS, Northzone, Creandum, Microsoft Ventures and Kahoot!

Imagine the confusion if a driverless car can determine its coordinates with (say) decimetre accuracy, in the GNSS datum, but the stored map features were referenced to our old datum GDA94 and and were nearly two metres different.

But "Bel Canto," handsomely photographed by Tobias Datum, is a movie wavering among identities.

Datum enables users to earn DAT tokens by choosing to share it with other organizations.

The surveys, by Datum and CPI, showed her back in a statistical tie with Kuczynski.

Its relation to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 varies from place to place.

At the Washington Navy Yard, it is three-quarters of an inch above the datum.

The present moment, James contended, is "a synthetic datum," not experienced as much as manufactured.

Australia's datum is being modernised in two stages to allow for the complexity of the change.

Opinion polls by Ipsos and Datum in the past week showed Kuczynski slightly ahead of Fujimori.

Analysts from pollsters GfK and Datum said voters who had been undecided were now favoring Kuczynski.

Adding physical form to these datum creates a physical connection to something that otherwise goes unnoticed.

The street level along West 26th Street happens to be about eight feet above that datum.

These reference points and their coordinate system of latitudes, longitudes and heights are called a geodetic datum.

National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD33) An outdated measurement benchmark, but you may come across it.

In contrast, the GNSS devices we now increasingly rely on use a different datum to determine their coordinates.

Nearly 20 percent of Peruvians polled by Datum were either undecided or would cast blank or spoiled ballots.

Like any interesting datum, this slight paternal edge in work-hours could be spun into various ideological narratives.

The singular "datum" has clearly followed "agendum" into complete disuse, a single piece of data now being a "bit".

For others, the datum shift will be largely invisible, apart from improvements to the location services provided by smartphones.

At the tip of Manhattan Island, mean sea level is about two-and-a-half inches below this datum.

The base flood elevation in this area is 11 feet above a benchmark called the North American Vertical Datum.

Big players, including actor William Shatner, have endorsed Datum as a way for people to take control of their data.

It is not measured from ground or sea level, but from a benchmark called the North American Vertical Datum of 1988.

The two free-market advocates in the world's third top copper supplier were locked in a statistical tie in previous Datum polls.

A poll by Datum Internacional, a research firm, found that two-thirds believe that Mr Kuczynski was involved in the Odebrecht bribery scandal.

The upshot is that Australia's datum needs updating to ensure Australia's plate-fixed maps are in sync with devices with accurate positioning capabilities.

While the new datum will be officially gazetted early this year, it will probably take until mid-2018 before it is widely adopted.

Their new calculation, called the Geocentric Datum of Australia, will be released in 2017 and plots the continent's position down to the millimeter.

He envisions a world in which we are compensated for every profitable datum we provide, with payments proportionate to the profit they produce.

From Upwork reputations to Github statistics, the data that freelancers collect can be put into Datum and made queryable in a blockchain database.

This refers to what was once called the Sea Level Datum and was used until recently by the federal government for mapping projects.

Um den Schmerz zu lindern, sammelten wir überall Steine, beschrifteten sie mit Ort und Datum und bewahrten sie in einem kleinen Leinenbeutel auf.

She is seen as stronger on crime and more supportive of the Andean country's provinces and social programs for the poor, according to Datum.

"There are errors because surveyors put down the wrong community, the wrong datum on the map; sometimes it's even the wrong address," he said.

We'll start with early-stage results, talk about the global market in aggregate and close with a unicorn-focused datum to chew on. Ready?

North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) A base from which consistent height measurements can be taken throughout the United States, Canada and Mexico.

Hong Kong's famed Victoria Harbor was also hit with a storm surge of more than 3.9 meters (12.8 feet) above chart datum on Sunday.

Stage 1 begins this year and involves defining a new datum which on average shifts all coordinates in Australia by 1.8 metres to the northeast.

Called GDA2020, this new continent-fixed datum will bring the coordinates of Australia's mapped features back into line with global systems in the year 2020.

It's based around the simplistic idea that a datum — such as a customer's address — shouldn't be shared with, say, a marketer without that user's knowledge.

The region braces Hong Kong's famed Victoria Harbor was hit with a storm surge of more than 3.9 meters (12.8 feet) above chart datum Sunday.

In a survey published on October 1st by Datum, a polling firm, the president's approval rating was 61%, 14 percentage points higher than a month before.

A survey by Datum Internacional published in local daily Peru 21 on Thursday found Vizcarra's approval rating dropped seven percentage points from February to 56 percent.

Mean sea level differs from the National Geodetic Vertical Datum, the benchmark that the Federal Emergency Management Agency used on the current, interim flood insurance map.

This month, as the movie neared completion, he caught a numerical error in one of its graphics, a missing handful of zeros in one particular datum.

People who work with accurate spatial information and rely on positioning technologies will need to keep up to date with the important changes being made to Australia's datum.

The key thing to remember is that in order to be reliable, location information must be identified by the datum as well as the latitude, longitude and height coordinate values.

But Vizcarra's approval rating fell seven percentage points to 56 percent this month, according to a Datum Internacional poll last week, after reaching a high of 66 percent in January.

A new, simpler initiative has been proposed to protect the basilica against a level of 88 cm above datum, which is scheduled for completion by the end of the year.

It might be helpful in that regard to ponder this one stunning datum: The two companies that generate more than half of all downloads in North America are Netflix and Google.

However, 57 percent of respondents in the Datum survey said allegations that her party is linked to drug-trafficking and money laundering were correct, compared to 38 percent who considered them false.

Mendoza is statistically tied with septuagenarian former World Bank economist Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, though she edged up 1.2 percentage points in a new Datum poll, slower than her previous 5-point rise.

Others are simply playing the odds; what's the ultimate likelihood that each and every datum belonging to nearly half the country's population will end up in the hands of an identity thief?

To fix the problem, Geoscience Australia is going to update Australia's coordinate system and move to what will be known as the "Geocentric Datum Australia 2020" in 2017, the ABC reported. Phew.

Companies like Collibra and its competitors like Alation, Adaptive Insights, Datum and Informatica are reaping the benefits of this by providing software to oversee how the data that companies are collecting is handled.

Kuczynski, a former World Bank economist and prime minister, would win 41.1 percent of votes, compared to Fujimori's 40.4 percent, according to the Datum poll published in the local daily Gestion on Friday.

Data monetization Companies like Datum, a marketplace for data built on top of the Ethereum chain, use trust graphs to allow users to store data in a decentralized database and later monetize the information.

Satellite positioning systems – such as GPS, the Russian GLONASS, the European Union's Galileo and China's BeiDou – give coordinates based on a datum that is not fixed to any continent, but rather the average of all continents.

This latest round comes from Nordic investors in the company led by existing investor Datum AS, and Furuseth said that there is likely to be another round in the company that brings in international investors and strategic backers.

LIMA (Reuters) - Keiko Fujimori, the populist daughter of imprisoned ex-president Alberto Fujimori, and her rival Pedro Pablo Kuczynski were seen in a statistical dead-heat ahead of the June 5 presidential election, according to a poll by Datum.

For example, Cape May had a peak water level of 8.98 feet above a tidal datum known as Mean Lower Low Water, or MLLW, which is a reference point the National Weather Service uses to measure storm surge and coastal flooding.

On Datum, the decentralized data market, users earn between $0.50 and $5 in DAT tokens for each promotional email they opt to open, according to Roger Haenni, the company's CEO, though he did not share the details of how earnings are calculated.

LIMA (Reuters) - Center-right presidential hopeful Keiko Fujimori gained more ground over her centrist rival Pedro Pablo Kuczynski in a Datum opinion poll on Friday, the third survey in the past week to show her winning Peru's June 5 run-off election.

Centered in the gallery is Adrien Segal's "Tidal Datum" (2007), a literal "tide table" that uses curved steel bars positioned through its wood to chart a month of the rise and fall of the San Francisco Bay over the course of one lunar cycle.

Without getting too bogged down in the technical details, mining Ether requires a computer to continuously run a cryptographic hash function, which is a way to reduce an arbitrarily large amount of data (in this case a block on the Ethereum blockchain) to a datum of a fixed size (a string of so many numbers and letters).

Datum conversion is the process of converting the coordinates of a point from one datum system to another. Datum conversion may frequently be accompanied by a change of grid projection.

The different possible paths for transforming geographic coordinates from datum A to datum B Transformations among datums can be accomplished in a number of ways. There are transformations that directly convert geodetic coordinates from one datum to another. There are more indirect transforms that convert from geodetic coordinates to ECEF coordinates, transform the ECEF coordinates from one datum to the another, then transform ECEF coordinates of the new datum back to geodetic coordinates. There are also grid-based transformations that directly transform from one (datum, map projection) pair to another (datum, map projection) pair.

These are given in a system of coordinates known as "the WGS84 datum". A geographic datum specifies an ellipsoidal approximation to the Earth's surface; WGS84 is the most commonly used such datum.

These are then referred to by one or more 'datum references' which indicate measurements that should be made with respect to the corresponding datum feature . In geometric dimensioning and tolerancing, datum reference frames are typically 3D. Datum reference frames are used as part of the feature control frame to show where the measurement is taken from. A typical datum reference frame is made up of three planes.

Afgooye is a geodetic datum used in Somalia. Afgooye datum is based on the Krasovsky ellipsoid and the Greenwich prime meridian.

Meades Ranch Triangulation Station, fundamental station for the North American Datum of 1927 The North American Datum (NAD) is the horizontal datum now used to define the geodetic network in North America. A datum is a formal description of the shape of the Earth along with an "anchor" point for the coordinate system. In surveying, cartography, and land-use planning, two North American Datums are in use for making lateral or "horizontal" measurements: the North American Datum of 1927 (NAD 27) and the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83). Both are geodetic reference systems based on slightly different assumptions and measurements.

Magnitude of shift in position between NAD27 and NAD83 datum as a function of location. Grid-based transformations directly convert map coordinates from one (map-projection, geodetic datum) pair to map coordinates of another (map-projection, geodetic datum) pair. An example is the NADCON method for transforming from the North American Datum (NAD) 1927 to the NAD 1983 datum. The High Accuracy Reference Network (HARN), a high accuracy version of the NADCON transforms, have an accuracy of approximately 5 centimeters.

That is, the xy plane and the ts plane are the same plane. Henceforth, this virtual plane will be called “the datum plane”. In addition, a virtual circle centered at the abovementioned origin (6) is set on the datum plane (it will be called “the datum circle” henceforth). This datum circle (6) will be represents the orbit of the parallel beam irradiation optical system.

The South American Datum (SAD) is a regional geodesic datum for South America. It was established in Brazil by SIRGAS 2000, and was made official in 2005.

The latitude and longitude on a map made against a local datum may not be the same as one obtained from a GPS receiver. Converting coordinates from one datum to another requires a datum transformation such as a Helmert transformation, although in certain situations a simple translation may be sufficient. In popular GIS software, data projected in latitude/longitude is often represented as a Geographic Coordinate System. For example, data in latitude/longitude if the datum is the North American Datum of 1983 is denoted by 'GCS North American 1983'.

These are collected together into an atlas, and stitched together in such a way that they are self-consistent on the manifold. In Cartography and Maps, the traditional way of works are local datum. With a local datum the land can be mapped on relative small areas as a country. With the need of global systems, the transformations on between datum became a problem, so geodetic datum have been created.

Water levels ranged from above Chart Datum. Historic low water Lake levels tend to be the lowest in winter. The normal low-water mark is below datum (577.5 ft or 176.0 m). In the winter of 1964, Lakes Michigan and Huron reached their lowest level at below datum.

Illustration of vertical datums in the United States. The National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 is the official name since 1973National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29), at National Geodetic Survey of the vertical datum established for vertical control surveying in the United States of America by the General Adjustment of 1929. Originally known as Sea Level Datum of 1929, NGVD 29 was determined and published by the National Geodetic Survey and used to measure the elevation of a point above and depression below mean sea level (MSL). NGVD29 was superseded by the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88),North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88), at National Geodetic Survey based upon reference to a single benchmark (referenced to the new International Great Lakes Datum of 1985 local mean sea level height value), although many cities and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers projects with established data continued to use the older datum.

For example, the three planes could be one "face side" and two "datum edges". These three planes are marked A, B and C, where A is the face side, B is the first datum edge, and C is the second datum edge. In this case, the datum reference frame is A/B/C. A/B/C is shown at the end of feature control frame to show from where the measurement is taken.

Datum B controls 2: translation along the y axis and rotation about the z axis. Finally, Datum C controls 1 degree of freedom, namely the translation along the x axis.

A trained engineer is required to run the software. There are typically 6 degrees of freedom that need to be considered by the engineer before choosing which feature is A, B, or C. For this example, A is the primary datum, B is the secondary, and C is the tertiary datum. The primary datum controls the most degrees of freedom. The tertiary datum controls the least degrees of freedom. For this example, of a block of wood, Datum A controls 3 degrees of freedom, B controls 2 degrees of freedom, and C controls 1 degree of freedom.

Vegetarierbund Deutschland: Leitbild. In: vebu.de. Ohne Datum. Abgerufen am 17.

Until the modern age, plumb bobs were used on most tall structures to provide vertical datum lines for the building measurements. A section of the scaffolding would hold a plumb line, which was centered over a datum mark on the floor. As the building proceeded upward, the plumb line would also be taken higher, still centered on the datum. Many cathedral spires, domes and towers still have brass datum marks inlaid into their floors, which signify the center of the structure above.

It ends at Berrimah passenger terminal at Darwin. Northgate block point is from the Adelaide datum at Adelaide Parklands Terminal, near the Adelaide suburb of Keswick. Berrimah passenger terminal is from the Adelaide datum.

More than 150 local datum have been used in the world.

Mean High Water (MHW) is a Tidal Datum representing the average of all the daily tidal high water heights observed over a period of several years. In the United States this period spans 19 years and is referred to as the National Tidal Datum Epoch. The most current MHW values are found in the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88).

Screenshot from AutoCAD showing usage of T.I.R., perpendicularity, and parallelism GD&T; datum reference symbols. An engineering datum used in geometric dimensioning and tolerancing is a feature on an object used to create a reference system for measurement.ANSI Y14.5M () for engineering datums. In engineering and drafting, a datum is a reference point, surface, or axis on an object against which measurements are made.

It is a specification that emerges, correspondently, in both datum and ideatum.

1976, Process Theology, An Introduction. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press. Datum is a term coined by Whitehead to show the different variants of information possessed by actual entity. In process philosophy, datum is obtained through the events of concrescence.

The normal high- water mark is above datum (601.1 ft or 183.2 m). In the summer of 1985, Lake Superior reached its highest recorded level at above datum. The winter of 1986 set new high-water records through the winter and spring months (January to June), ranging from to above Chart Datum. Historic low water The lake's lowest levels occur in March and April.

At that time, a region of contiguous triangulation existed from Maine to Georgia. The New England Datum was chosen with a benchmark in Maryland, near the middle of this region, as the horizontal datum, and a second Maryland mark used to define the azimuth (horizontal) direction. To account for the Earth's curvature, the datum used a model called the Clarke spheroid, developed in 1866.

In carpentry, an alternative, more common name is "face side" and "face edge". The artisan nominates two straight edges on a workpiece as the "datum edges", and they are marked accordingly. One convention is to mark the first datum edge with a single slanted line (/) and the second with double lines (//). For most work, the datum references of the workpiece need to be square.

The parish lies between and above ordnance datum and covers an area of .

The terms "prior" and "posterior" are generally relative to a specific datum or observation.

These changes are insignificant if a local datum is used, but are statistically significant if a global datum is used. Examples of global datums include World Geodetic System (WGS 84, also known as EPSG:4326 ), the default datum used for the Global Positioning System, and the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF), used for estimating continental drift and crustal deformation. The distance to Earth's center can be used both for very deep positions and for positions in space. Local datums chosen by a national cartographical organization include the North American Datum, the European ED50, and the British OSGB36.

Numbers (1)–(7) shown in the Fig. 3 (see the numbers within the parentheses) respectively indicate: (1) = an object; (2) = the parallel beam light source; (3) = the screen; (4) = transmission beam; (5) = the datum circle (a datum feature); (6) = the origin (a datum feature); and (7) = a fluoroscopic image (a one-dimensional image; p (s, θ)). Two datum coordinate systems xy and ts are imagined in order to explain the positional relations and movements of features (0)–(7) in the figure. The xy and ts coordinate systems share the origin (6) and they are positioned on the same plane.

A picture clause element defines the length of any given datum, much like a dictionary defines words. In particular a picture clause determines whether the datum contains letters and numbers, and other characteristics of the data, including format, size, and data type.

The Molodensky-Badekas transform is used to transform local geodetic datums to a global geodetic datum, such as WGS 84. Unlike the Helmert transform, the Molodensky-Badekas transform is not reversible due to the rotational origin being associated with the original datum.

Dr.. In: Juristen. Wer ist wer im deutschen Recht. Ohne Datum. Retrieved 20 April 2014.

Segal's 2006 Tidal Datum Table was featured on the cover of the book 500 Tables.

Datum Shift Between NAD 27 and NAD 83 A point having a given latitude and longitude in NAD 27 may be displaced on the order of many tens of meters from another point having the identical latitude and longitude in NAD 83, so it is important to specify the datum along with the coordinates. The North American Datum of 1927 is defined by the latitude and longitude of an initial point (Meades Ranch Triangulation Station in Kansas), the direction of a line between this point and a specified second point, and two dimensions that define the spheroid. The North American Datum of 1983 is based on a newer defined spheroid (GRS 80); it is an Earth-centered (or "geocentric") datum having no initial point or initial direction. NOAA provides a converter between the two systems.

This implies a higher high-pressure shaft speed, to maintain the datum blade tip Mach number on the rear compressor stage. Stress considerations, however, may limit the shaft speed increase, causing the original compressor to throttle-back aerodynamically to a lower pressure ratio than datum.

Joshua, now safely home, refuses a Black Corporation prosthetic hand in favour of a clunky mechanical one—keeping once more from Lobsang's reach. Once everyone has returned to the Datum (or close by), Yellowstone erupts on Datum, causing most of America to flee stepwise.

Few signs remain of the trackbed to the north and south of Fennant Road (datum 2019).

Naturally, the origin (6), the datum circle (5), and the datum coordinate systems are virtual features which are imagined for mathematical purposes. The μ(x,y) is absorption coefficient of the object (3) at each (x,y), p(s,θ) (7) is the collection of fluoroscopic images.

The Datum of 2022 is a placeholder name for a new vertical datum set to be produced by the National Geodetic Survey in 2022 to improve the National Spatial Reference System (NSRS) by replacing the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83) and the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) with a new geometric reference frame and geopotential datum.New Datums: Replacing NAVD 88 and NAD 83 The new reference frames will rely primarily on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), such as the Global Positioning System (GPS), as well as on a gravimetric geoid model resulting from NGS's Gravity for the Redefinition of the American Vertical Datum (GRAV-D) Project. These new reference frames are intended be easier to access and to maintain than NAD 83 and NAVD 88, which rely on physical survey marks that deteriorate over time.

The first of the Optical Landing Systems was another British innovation, the Mirror Landing Aid invented by Lieutenant Commander H. C. N. Goodhart RN. This was a gyroscopically-controlled concave mirror (in later designs replaced by a Fresnel lens Optical Landing System) on the port side of the deck. On either side of the mirror was a line of green "datum" lights. A bright orange "source" light was directed into the mirror creating the "ball" (or "meatball" in later USN parlance), which could be seen by the aviator who was about to land. The position of the ball compared to the datum lights indicated the aircraft's position in relation to the desired glidepath: if the ball was above the datum, the plane was high; below the datum, the plane was low; between the datum, the plane was on glidepath.

The phrase crimen injuria is Latin, short for crimen injuria datum, meaning "offence committed without lawful cause".

The first message with sequence number 0 is a real message. A variant of this protocol, introduced by Philips, is called Bounded Retransmission Protocol (BRP). Unlike ABP, BRP deals with sequence numbers of datum in the file and interrupts transfer after fixed number of retransmissions for a datum.

The input to the second phase, the query phase, is a query datum. The problem is to determine if the query datum was included in the original input data set. Operations are free except to access memory cells. This model is useful in the analysis of data structures.

They focused on shipping, but in 1994, also bought into Morgenbladet. In 1986, Haudemann-Andersen had also established Datum Invest. Other investment firms he started in the 1990s were Decibel, Datum and Wega. In 1997, be established the company Datum together with lawyer and investor Einar Jørgen Greve (born 1960), where Harald Arnet (born 1961) had been director, and later a collaborator with Haudemann-Andersen and the other "Vikakameratene".Knut Gjernes, Greve skal granskes in Dagens Næringsliv 2 December 2003.

To improve the National Spatial Reference System (NSRS), the National Geodetic Service will replace the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83) and the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) with a new geometric reference frame and geopotential datum in 2022. The new reference frames will rely primarily on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), such as the Global Positioning System (GPS), as well as on a gravimetric geoid model resulting from NOAA's Gravity for the Redefinition of the American Vertical Datum (GRAV-D) Project. These new reference frames are intended be easier to access and to maintain than NAD 83 and NAVD 88, which rely on physical survey marks that deteriorate over time.

A bright orange "source" light was shone into the mirror creating the "ball" (or "meatball" in later USN parlance) which could be seen by the aviator who was about to land. The position of the ball compared to the datum lights indicated the aircraft's position in relation to the desired glidepath: if the ball was above the datum, the plane was high; below the datum, the plane was low; between the datum, the plane was on glidepath. The gyro stabilisation compensated for much of the movement of the flight deck due to the sea, giving a constant glidepath. Initially, the device was thought able to allow the pilot to land without direction from the LSO.

The vertical datum is a theoretical reference surface for altitude measurement and plays vital roles in many human activities, including land surveying and construction of buildings and bridges. Since postglacial rebound continuously deforms the crustal surface and the gravitational field, the vertical datum needs to be redefined repeatedly through time.

The value of the free-air correction is positive when measured above the datum, and negative when measured below the datum. Also, there is an assumption that no mass exists between the observation point and the reference level. The Bouguer anomaly and terrain correction are used to account for this.

A 7.5 minute quadrangle map covers an area of .Map Scales, Fact Sheet FS105-02, (February 2002) These maps employ the 1927 North American Datum (NAD27); conversion or a change in settings is necessary when using a GPS which by default employ the WGS84 geodetic datum. Beginning in 2009, the USGS made available digital versions of 7.5 minute quadrangle maps based on GIS data that use the NAD83 datum, which is typically within one meter of WGS84, or within the uncertainty of most GPS coordinate measurements.

Even though computer processing power has improved radically since the early days of GIS, the size of spatial datasets and the complexity of geoprocessing tasks being demanded of computers have also increased. Thus the state plane coordinate system is still useful. Originally, the state plane coordinate systems were based on the North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27). Later, the more accurate North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) became the standard (a geodetic datum is the way a coordinate system is linked to the physical Earth).

On Earth, the zero elevation datum is based on sea level (the geoid). Since Mars has no oceans and hence no 'sea level', it is convenient to define an arbitrary zero-elevation level or "vertical datum" for mapping the surface, called areoid. The datum for Mars was defined initially in terms of a constant atmospheric pressure. From the Mariner 9 mission up until 2001, this was chosen as 610.5 Pa (6.105 mbar), on the basis that below this pressure liquid water can never be stable (i.e.

The average silhouette of the data is another useful criterion for assessing the natural number of clusters. The silhouette of a data instance is a measure of how closely it is matched to data within its cluster and how loosely it is matched to data of the neighbouring cluster, i.e. the cluster whose average distance from the datum is lowest. A silhouette close to 1 implies the datum is in an appropriate cluster, while a silhouette close to −1 implies the datum is in the wrong cluster.

In aviation, reference datum height (RDH) is the height of a point, located above the intersection of the runway centre line and the threshold, through which the downward extended straight portion of the glide path passes.Instrument Landing System Reference Datum Height Eurocontrol.int It is usually found on the aerodrome instrument approach charts.

The new height is defined with the WGS 84 datum. Height was determinate with 5mm accuracy. Defined height is 5053.927m.

Datum is, from its Latin origin, a singular form of "data", and may refer to a single item of data.

A taxon-range zone is simply the biozone defined by the first (first appearance datum or FAD) and last (last appearance datum or LAD) occurrence of a single taxon. The boundaries are defined by the lowest and highest stratigraphic occurrence of that particular taxon. Taxon-range zones are named after the taxon in it.

All elevations include an adjustment from the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). For further information, please see this United States National Geodetic Survey note. If an elevation or prominence is calculated as a range of values, the arithmetic mean is shown.

Historic low water :Lake levels tend to be the lowest in winter. The normal low water mark is below datum . In the winter of 1964, Lakes Michigan and Huron reached their lowest level at below datum. As with the highwater records, monthly low water records were set each month from February 1964 through January 1965.

To solve this problem the geodetic triangulation of the whole country was performed between 1909 and 1947. This was used for the Geodetic Datum 1949 and New Zealand map grid. This was followed by the use of aerial photography, orthophotos and finally satellite photos. Later the New Zealand Geodetic Datum 2000 superseded the 1949 version.

The longest observation was across Cook Strait. Work continued through World War II as the project was allowed topographical maps for military use to be quickly compiled. The last fieldwork was completed in early 1949, and the system became known as the New Zealand Geodetic Datum 1949. The 1949 datum was updated in 2000.

All elevations include an adjustment from the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). For further information, please see this United States National Geodetic Survey note. If an elevation or prominence is calculated as a range of values, the arithmetic mean is shown.

Datum is an Austrian magazine of reportage, political and cultural features and analysis, essays and criticism. It is published and edited in Vienna. Started in 2004, the magazine is now published ten times annually. Although its stories focus on the political and cultural life of Austria, Datum has a significant audience outside of the country.

All elevations include an adjustment from the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). For further information, please see this United States National Geodetic Survey note. If an elevation or prominence is calculated as a range of values, the arithmetic mean is shown.

In September 2005, Tyler Brûlé awarded Datum with a "Fast Lane Media Award" in the "Best International News Magazine". In his column in the Financial Times he stated: "Austria's Datum is showing others how it should be done. With its slightly off, always iconic covers, matte paper stock and sharp lay-outs it's become a cult favourite among art directors around the world. The website's a thing of beauty, too." In 2007 Stimeder published the “Datum Code of Ethics”, making the magazine the first privately owned medium in Austrian media history to have one.

A vector loop must obey certain modeling rules as it passes through a part. It must: # enter through a joint, # follow the datum path to the Datum Reference Frame (DRF), # follow a second datum path leading to another joint, and # exit to the next adjacent part in the assembly. Additional modeling rules for vector loops include: # Loops must pass through every part and every joint in the assembly. # A single vector loop may not pass through the same part or the same joint twice, but it may start and end in the same part.

The simplest coordinate systems assume that the earth is flat and measure from an arbitrary point, known as a 'datum' (singular form of data). The coordinate system allows easy calculation of the distances and direction between objects over small areas. Large areas distort due to the earth's curvature. North is often defined as true north at the datum.

At first (left) the SOM nodes are arbitrarily positioned in the data space. The node (highlighted in yellow) which is nearest to the training datum is selected. It is moved towards the training datum, as (to a lesser extent) are its neighbors on the grid. After many iterations the grid tends to approximate the data distribution (right).

All elevations in this article include an elevation adjustment from the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). For further information, please see this United States National Geodetic Survey note. If an elevation or prominence is calculated as a range of values, the arithmetic mean is shown.

The New Zealand Map Grid (NZMG) is a map projection based on the New Zealand Geodetic Datum 1949. It has now been replaced by the New Zealand Transverse Mercator 2000 projection, which is based on the New Zealand Geodetic Datum 2000 using the GRS80 reference ellipsoid. This is the grid setting used for GPS in New Zealand.

Some programming languages also permit digit group separators. The internal representation of this datum is the way the value is stored in the computer's memory. Unlike mathematical integers, a typical datum in a computer has some minimal and maximum possible value. The most common representation of a positive integer is a string of bits, using the binary numeral system.

Each featured datum is described in language at once informative and mysterious, resolutely dry yet hinting at the vastnesses behind every surface.

More generally, a pointer is a kind of reference, and it is said that a pointer references a datum stored somewhere in memory; to obtain that datum is to dereference the pointer. The feature that separates pointers from other kinds of reference is that a pointer's value is meant to be interpreted as a memory address, which is a rather low-level concept. References serve as a level of indirection: A pointer's value determines which memory address (that is, which datum) is to be used in a calculation. Because indirection is a fundamental aspect of algorithms, pointers are often expressed as a fundamental data type in programming languages; in statically (or strongly) typed programming languages, the type of a pointer determines the type of the datum to which the pointer points.

35 although these are no longer visible (datum 2016). It is not clear whether ships were charged for the use of the canal.

In the context of these definitions, a byte is the smallest primitive; each memory address specifies a different byte. The memory address of the initial byte of a datum is considered the memory address (or base memory address) of the entire datum. A memory pointer (or just pointer) is a primitive, the value of which is intended to be used as a memory address; it is said that a pointer points to a memory address. It is also said that a pointer points to a datum [in memory] when the pointer's value is the datum's memory address.

In the northernmost part of the shelter, on a large roof spall, a datum point was set up. From this datum point, the shelter was grided out into units that were wide. Excavation of the first unit was for test purposes. Depth of deposits, nature of occupational deposits, and the stratification patterns were determined so future units could be dug by strata.

Lunacek had her coming- out in 1980. Since 1994 she has been living with a native Peruvian. E. Znaymer: Ihre eigene Geschichte. In: Datum.

The level of the sill of its entrance is used in and around Liverpool as a height datum called Old Dock Sill or ODS.

The datum in row i and column j of this matrix would be the answer of the i th person to the j th question.

These notations are often represented in graphical form. Michael R. McCaleb (1999). "A Conceptual Data Model of Datum Systems" . National Institute of Standards and Technology.

This datum would presumably have been recorded in the register for smallworkers covering the period May 1739 to July 1758, which is no longer extant.

In particular, a bitwise trie is keyed on the individual bits making up any fixed-length binary datum, such as an integer or memory address.

The is installed in a small building in front of the National Diet Building in Nagatacho Chiyoda, Tokyo.Geodetic survey Japanese Geodetic Datum 2011 (JGD2011) による英語表現 The building is called the . Construction of the building started on August 1890 and it was completed on December 24, 1891. It serves as a reference point for elevations in Japan (vertical datum).

A&P; Tees is located in Middlesbrough, UK and is located on the mouth of the River Tees. The yard has two dry docks and six cranes ranging up to forty tonnes lifting capacity. Dry dock number one is long, and has a depth of below chart datum. Dry dock number two is long, wide and a has a depth below chart datum of .

ETRS89 is a Cartesian ECEF geodetic datum, in which Eurasian Plate as a whole is static. Within Europe, coordinates and maps based on ETRS89 are stable because temporal variations due to the continental drift are minimized. ETRS89 coincided with the global ITRS datum in 1989, hence the name. ETRS89 and ITRS diverge due to the continental drift at a speed about 2.5 cm per year.

The water then deepened gradually until there was over just off the wharves (on the west side of the mouth of Trinity Inlet). He added that he had left well defined datum marks at both Cairns and Port Douglas. His report included a map of Cairns Harbour, scaled at to the nautical mile, which indicated soundings in feet, reduced to low water ordinary spring tides. The datum mark at Bessie Point was indicated on the map as being "12 feet above low water ordinary Sp[ring tides]", and near the map's title it was stated that the datum mark was "on top of the largest boulder on Bessie Point".

Locks allow boats to move from one level to another. Heights given are nominal elevation above sea level in feet relative to the Ordnance Datum Liverpool.

This is the way in which God's synthesis becomes a sense-datum for other actual entities. In some sense, God is prehended by existing actual entities.

Few signs remain of the line to the north due to construction of buildings, but sections of the track bed remain to the south (datum 2019).

A vertical datum is a reference surface for vertical positions, such as the elevations of Earth features including terrain, bathymetry, water level, and man-made structures.

Yielders appear within actions and only access current information. A yielder entity is capable of being evaluated, and when it is, the product is a datum entity.

Small-scale DLGs are sold in state units and are cast on either the Albers equal-area conic projection system or the geographic coordinate system of latitude and longitude, depending on the distribution format. All DLGs are referenced to the North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27) or the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83). USGS DLGs are topologically structured for use in mapping and geographic information system (GIS) applications.

The normal low-water mark is below datum (601.1 ft or 183.2 m). In the winter of 1926 Lake Superior reached its lowest recorded level at below datum. Additionally, the entire first half of the year (January to June) included record low months. The low water was a continuation of the dropping lake levels from the previous year, 1925, which set low-water records for October through December.

Consider the scenarios described in the image to the right. This case shows when write propagation is performed on a cache coherent system based on the release consistency model. The variable datum is completely propagated before the propagation of datumIsReady. But the value of datum is not needed until after the acquire synchronization access in P1 and it can be propagated along with datumIsReady without harming the result of the program.

The NSRS may be divided into its geometric and physical components. The official geodetic datum of the United States, NAD83 defines the geometric relationship between points within the United States in three- dimensional space. The datum may be accessed via NGS's network of survey marks or through the Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) network of GPS reference antennas. NGS is responsible for computing the relationship between NAD83 and the ITRF.

The horizontal datum is the model used to measure positions on the Earth. A specific point on the Earth can have substantially different coordinates, depending on the datum used to make the measurement. There are hundreds of local horizontal datums around the world, usually referenced to some convenient local reference point. Contemporary datums, based on increasingly accurate measurements of the shape of the Earth, are intended to cover larger areas.

Hellas Planitia is the lowest lying plain below the Martian geodetic datum. The air pressure is relatively higher in this place when compared to the rest of Mars.

Few signs remain of the trackbed to the north however on the southern side of Aberderfyn Road the station footprint is covered with trees and undergrowth (datum 2019).

To improve the National Spatial Reference System NAD 83, along with North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88), is set to be replaced with a new GNSS- and gravimetric geoid model-based geometric reference frame and geopotential datum in 2022. The new reference frames will rely primarily on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), such as the Global Positioning System (GPS), as well as on a gravimetric geoid model resulting from our Gravity for the Redefinition of the American Vertical Datum (GRAV-D) Project. These new reference frames are intended to be easier to access and to maintain than NAD 83 and NAVD 88, which rely on physical survey marks that deteriorate over time.

Bertrand Russell heard the sound of his knuckles rapping his writing table, felt the table's hardness and saw its apparent colour (which he knew 'really' to be the brown of wood) change significantly under shifting lighting conditions. H. H. Price found that although he was able to doubt the presence of a tomato before him, he was unable to doubt the existence of his red, round and 'somewhat bulgy' sense-datum and his consciousness of this sense-datum. When we twist a coin it 'appears' to us as elliptical. This elliptical 'appearance' cannot be identical with the coin (for the coin is perfectly round), and is therefore a sense datum, which somehow represents the round coin to us.

Therefore, it was renamed the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) by the National Geodetic Survey (then, and since, under the auspices of NOAA) May 10, 1973.

The National Archives - Barony of Caprington A pond is located slightly to the north, but it may be partly a flooded quarry although it is presently drained (datum 2019).

No dual carriageways or railways bisect the area, the nearest part of the heath is a long promontory (Hungry Hill) of 160m Above Ordnance Datum -- Heath End itself at 120-140m Above Ordnance Datum. The current Heath End School building was completed in 1968. Rising to four storeys, it stands above most of the surrounding estates of various uses, but primarily residential use. The actor Bill Maynard was born in the village in 1928.

HWMs on land are referenced to a vertical datum (a reference coordinate system). During evaluation, HWMs are divided into four categories based on the confidence in the mark; only HWMs evaluated as "excellent" are used by National Hurricane Center in post-storm analysis of the surge. Two different measures are used for storm tide and storm surge measurements. Storm tide is measured using a geodetic vertical datum (NGVD 29 or NAVD 88).

Zero-elevation surface is a vertical datum that is used to describe a surface, such as that of a planet. The value of this datum is usually adopted by statute. This elevation is used, for example, to build a texture map from an agreed surface, such as a spheroid with dimensions defined by a mean surface gravity. In the case of the Earth, the zero-elevation surface is usually taken as sea level.

Towiemore is a regular timetabled request stop for trains during the operating season with three trains a day in each direction (datum 2019).Train times on the Keith & Dufftown Railway.

The reserve in the west and north is mature marsh while there are a series of man–made ponds in the remainder. The site is at an altitude of over datum.

Flood stage at Jackson in 1979 was considered to be 18 feet (relative to the gauge datum on Pearl River), but as of 2004, this stage was set as 28 feet.

"A Conceptual Data Model of Datum Systems". National Institute of Standards and Technology. August 1999. EXPRESS is a data modeling language defined in ISO 10303-11, the EXPRESS Language Reference Manual.

Since then the shape of the Earth (the geoid) has been estimated more accurately. Using a new vertical datum established in 1988 (NAVD88) the benchmark is now estimated to be at .

It will not remove the effects of local gravity strength, and so the height of MSL, relative to a geodetic datum, will vary around the world, and even around one country. Countries tend to choose the mean sea level at one specific point to be used as the standard “sea level” for all mapping and surveying in that country. (For example, in Great Britain, the national vertical datum, Ordnance Datum Newlyn, is based on what was mean sea level at Newlyn in Cornwall between 1915 and 1921). However, zero elevation as defined by one country is not the same as zero elevation defined by another (because MSL is not the same everywhere), which is why locally defined vertical datums differ from one another.

The current geodetic model of the earth used in the US is the North American Datum 1983, often called NAD83. The system is used to define horizontal co-ordinates of reference markers all over the US. Although created as a geocentric datum which originates at the center of the earth, more recent models of the earth have shown the origin to be 2.2 m off the centre of the earth. Elevation is recorded against the North American Vertical Datum 1988 (NAVD 88), which uses as its origin point Father Point, in Quebec, Canada. Error in the system is approximately 0.5 mm per mile, resulting in a total error of approximately 1 m from one corner of the continental US to the other.

The primary,"Revised Local Reference" data set has a continuous history of benchmark surveys for each gauge, ensuring that sea level is measured relative to a known land-based datum. There is also a "Metric" data set without such datum control, and a set of hourly and daily ocean bottom pressure data from the open ocean. The latter has no datum control, and the instruments are prone to calibration drift, so the bottom pressure data are useful only for oscillations with periods significantly shorter than the length of an individual instrument deployment (typically 1 year). The PSMSL is financially supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council, the International Council for Science World Data System, and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission.

A geodetic datum or geodetic system (also: geodetic reference datum or geodetic reference system) is a coordinate system, and a set of reference points, used for locating places on the Earth (or similar objects). An approximate definition of sea level is the datum WGS 84, an ellipsoid, whereas a more accurate definition is Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM2008), using at least 2,159 spherical harmonics. Other datums are defined for other areas or at other times; ED50 was defined in 1950 over Europe and differs from WGS 84 by a few hundred meters depending on where in Europe you look. Mars has no oceans and so no sea level, but at least two martian datums have been used to locate places there.

An ultra-prominent summit is a summit with at least of topographic prominence. of the U.S. State of Washington. The summit of a mountain or hill may be measured in three principal ways: #The topographic elevation of a summit measures the height of the summit above a geodetic sea level.All elevations in this article include an elevation adjustment from the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88).

Changes in horizontal location between NAD27 and NAD83 To address these, a new datum was developed, designated NAD83. It replaced the Clarke spheroid with a new ellipsoid, the Geographic Reference System 1980, centered at the Earth's center of mass as determined by the Bureau International de l'Heure. The new datum was based on adjustment of 250,000 points, including 600 satellite Doppler stations. NAD83 was officially adopted by the U.S. government in 1989, and by the Canadian government in 1990.

'Latitude 39 Degrees South', looking north Ōwhango is located on the 39° latitude line, placing it on the boundary of the old Auckland Province and Wellington Province. Half way through Ōwhango is a sign marking "39° South". This sign is accurate (to within a few metres) when using NZ Geodetic Datum 1949. The position of 39° South when using WGS84 (or NZ Geodetic Datum 2000) is about 196 metres further south, but this is not marked.

The CPU accesses memory by a single memory word at a time. As long as the memory word size is at least as large as the largest primitive data type supported by the computer, aligned accesses will always access a single memory word. This may not be true for misaligned data accesses. If the highest and lowest bytes in a datum are not within the same memory word the computer must split the datum access into multiple memory accesses.

Coloured areas of the sea emphasise shallow water and dangerous underwater obstructions. Depths are measured from the chart datum, which is related to the local sea level. The chart datum varies according to the standard used by each national Hydrographic Office. In general, the move is towards using lowest astronomical tide (LAT), the lowest tide predicted in the full tidal cycle, but in non-tidal areas and some tidal areas Mean Sea Level (MSL) is used.

Robert Burns Lives! Retrieved : 2012-11-24 The pen is part of the collections from the former Tam O'Shanter Museum in Ayr, currently under the care of South Ayrshire Council (datum 2012).

Datum Romae apud Sanctum Petrum, sub anulo Piscatoris, die VIII mensis Septembris anno MDCCCCXXX, Pontificatus Nostri nono. E. CARD. PACELLI, a Secretis Status. In 1962, the image was solemnly crowned by bishop .

As with the high-water records, monthly low-water records were set each month from February 1964 through January 1965. During this twelve-month period, water levels ranged from below Chart Datum.

A datum reference or just datum is some important part of an object—such as a point, line, plane, hole, set of holes, or pair of surfaces—that serves as a reference in defining the geometry of the object and (often) in measuring aspects of the actual geometry to assess how closely they match with the nominal value, which may be an ideal, standard, average, or desired value. For example, on a car's wheel, the lug nut holes define a bolt circle that is a datum from which the location of the rim can be defined and measured. This matters because the hub and rim need to be concentric to within close limits (or else the wheel will not roll smoothly). The concept of datumsThe plural of this sense of the word datum is datums by convention, in contrast with the other senses of the word in which data often serves as a plural form.) is used in many fields, including carpentry, metalworking, needlework, geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T;), aviation, surveying, and others.

Ashgate (2006) chapter 1. When we see, he argued, we are not ‘seeing’ an image or sense datum in the mind: we are ‘seeing’ the world, albeit not in the direct fashion imagined by the naïve realist. The ‘seeing’ is in fact the act by which the image or datum is constructed in the first place. Imaging can thus be compared to the act by which a blind person constructs an ‘image’ of the external world on the basis of information transmitted through his or her white cane; for though our visual sense is much more sophisticated and appears immediate, it is in fact mediated by light (a physical intermediary like the cane), and involves the same kind of construction. ‘Imaging’ is thus an object-directed, mental act. (This is the basis of Reid’s qualified realism.) It follows that the sense datum is not what is known but is an active way of knowing the world. Moreover, the sense datum per se is an abstraction rather than a substantial entity, though sensing (conceived as an act) is very real.

During the nine-month period of October 1925 to June 1926, water levels ranged from to below Chart Datum. In the summer of 2007 monthly historic lows were set; August at , September at .

Retrieved October 8, 2008. in Quebec, Canada and University of Massachusetts"Datum Drawing art exhibit at UMass Amherst", University of Massachusetts, John W Olver Design Building, February 4, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2019..

The standard provides comparison predicates to compare one floating-point datum to another in the supported arithmetic format. Any comparison with a NaN is treated as unordered. −0 and +0 compare as equal.

Such sites allow users to add metadata to an information resource via a set of so-called machine tags (see folksonomy). `geotagged` `geo:lat=57.64911` `geo:lon=10.40744` This describes the geographic coordinates of a particular location in terms of latitude (`geo:lat`) and longitude (`geo:lon`). These are expressed in decimal degrees in the WGS84 datum, which has become something of a default geodetic datum with the advent of GPS. Using three tags works within the constraint of having tags that can only be single 'words'.

The datum is used as a basis for calculating IMPs for the participating teams or pairs. The datum may be trimmed by removing extreme scores at either end of the distribution, a procedure whose effect on a mean or on a median depends on the degree of skewness in the raw scores. ;Dead #A hand that has no card of entry, usually in reference to the dummy. #A hand that has a suit consisting only of low cards of no significance.

At that time, an insurrection was in progress and the Islands were under military law. The field surveys were conducted under a joint agreement between the USCGS and the Insular Government. From 1901 to 1911, the USCGS established several triangulation networks across the country which had different origins. In 1911, these different networks on different datums and with different origins were consolidated into one nationwide network and the Luzon Datum was established with triangulation station Balanacan as its datum origin.

A RAPID number sign in New Zealand. The number 5 means that the property is between 40m and 60m from the datum point of the road, and is on the left hand side of the road as viewed from the datum point. RAPID is an acronym for Rural Address Property IDentification, a scheme instituted in New Zealand to assist emergency services in identifying and locating rural properties. It was first introduced in 1999 and is now covered by AS/NZS 4819:2011.

A pistol cartridge which headspaces off the case mouth, e.g. .45 ACP In firearms, headspace is the distance measured from the part of the chamber that stops forward motion of the cartridge (the datum reference) to the face of the bolt. Used as a verb, headspace refers to the interference created between this part of the chamber and the feature of the cartridge that achieves the correct positioning. Different cartridges have their datum lines in different positions in relation to the cartridge.

In 1913, the chief astronomer of the Dominion of Canada Astronomical Observatory and the director of the Comisión Geodésica Mexicana announced that their organizations would use the Meades Ranch location as their standard datum. In light of this, its name was changed to the "North American Datum". Horizontal survey control network in the United States in 1931 As more new surveys and previously isolated survey networks were incorporated into the system, it became increasingly difficult to make the necessary corrections.

The new sluice was wide, and the cill level was below Ordnance Datum, some lower that the original sluice constructed in 1795. The sluice controlled the drainage of of land, and when it was tide locked by water levels in the Nene, levels in the drain rose to above Ordnance Datum. At the southern extremity of the drainage district lies Sutton St Edmund. Its commons were enclosed in 1797, and an Act of Parliament was obtained to drain them in 1809.

The same is true for the diagnosis of AIDS, which is based on clinical symptoms and needs to be confirmed by a medical examination. It may also happen that subjects with a lifetime less than some threshold may not be observed at all: this is called truncation. Note that truncation is different from left censoring, since for a left censored datum, we know the subject exists, but for a truncated datum, we may be completely unaware of the subject. Truncation is also common.

If the data used are not centered around the mean, a simple moving average lags behind the latest datum point by half the sample width. An SMA can also be disproportionately influenced by old datum points dropping out or new data coming in. One characteristic of the SMA is that if the data have a periodic fluctuation, then applying an SMA of that period will eliminate that variation (the average always containing one complete cycle). But a perfectly regular cycle is rarely encountered.

After return from overhaul in Amoy, China to Manila on May 26, 1902, the ship sailed on June 6, 1902, for surveys of the San Bernardino Strait and its approaches along the coasts of Samar and Luzon. Of particular importance was establishing the geodesy supporting a Philippine datum for both land mapping and nautical charting. It was not until 1906 that the Luzon Datum was extended to outlying islands to tie local systems based on nineteen separate astronomical stations with eventual establishment of the datum in 1911 with Pathfinder continuing development of the geodetic network into the late 1930s. The ship's officers introduced triangulation by intersection of the ship, previously developed by the Hydrographic Survey of Canada, to the service in overcoming the difficult terrain of the islands.

PZ-90 (short for Parametry Zemli 1990 goda, in ) is a geodetic datum defined for use in the GLONASS system. PZ-90 uses ellipsoid parameters that are linked to the SK-42 reference system.

In the middle the river is at the 40m contour. To the west the land is higher, around 90m where the railway tunnel runs. To the East Barkston Heath is around 120m above datum.

The word data has generated considerable controversy on whether it is an uncountable noun used with verbs conjugated in the singular, or should be treated as the plural of the now-rarely-used datum.

" Barberini". (3) "Die 7 Augusti, 1587, archiepiscopo Armacano in Hybernia, presenti et petenti. Pallium fuit datum. Bologna."The episcopal succession in England, Scotland, and Ireland, AD 1400 to 1875, by W. M. Brady, vol.

The International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) has assigned the First Appearance Datum of Paradeshayesites oglanlensis as the defining biological marker for the start of the Aptian Stage of the Cretaceous, ~125.0 million years ago.

The Luzon Datum became the primary geodetic reference of all surveys in the Philippines.H. S. Rappelye "The United States Coast and Geodetic Survey in the Philippines" The Transit v.26, Jan 1922. p.21-23 .

The International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) has assigned the First Appearance Datum of Pachydiscus neubergicus as the defining biological marker for the start of the Maastrichtian Stage of the Cretaceous, 72.1 ± 0.2 million years ago.

All elevations in the 48 states of the contiguous United States include an elevation adjustment from the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). For further information, please see this United States National Geodetic Survey note.If the elevation or prominence of a summit is calculated as a range of values, the arithmetic mean is shown. #The topographic prominence of a summit is a measure of how high the summit rises above its surroundings.

All elevations in the 48 states of the contiguous United States include an elevation adjustment from the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). For further information, please see this United States National Geodetic Survey note. If a summit elevation or prominence has a range of values, the arithmetic mean is cited. Denali is one of only three summits on Earth (along with Mount Everest and Aconcagua) with more than of topographic prominence.

An ultra-prominent summit is a summit with at least of topographic prominence. of the United States of America. The summit of a mountain or hill may be measured in three main ways: #The topographic elevation of a summit measures the height of the tip of a mountain above a geodetic sea level.All elevations in the 48 states of the contiguous United States include an elevation adjustment from the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88).

Selected Doppler satellite tracking and astro-geodetic datum orientation stations were included in the various solutions. Based on these results and other related studies accomplished by the Committee, an a-value of 6 378 135 meters and a flattening of 1/298.26 were adopted. In the development of local-to WGS 72 datum shifts, results from different geodetic disciplines were investigated, analyzed and compared. Those shifts adopted were based primarily on a large number of Doppler TRANET and GEOCEIVER station coordinates which were available worldwide.

The splitting into time zones should establish the local time (L). His hypothesis provided also with the establishing of a universal time (U) that should be used as only datum line in astronomy and telegraph communications.

The International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) has assigned the First Appearance Datum of the genus Kepplerites as the defining biological marker for the start of the Callovian Stage of the Jurassic, 166.1 ± 1.2 million years ago.

The first appearance datum of G. altiaperturus is the proposed base of the Burdigalian stage of the geologic time scale. The boundary has not yet been defined with a GSSP by the International Commission on Stratigraphy.

Latitude and longitude are expressed in decimal degrees, and elevation in meters, both using the WGS 84 datum. Dates and times are not local time, but instead are Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) using ISO 8601 format.

At peak efficiency, the standard-precision signal offers horizontal positioning accuracy within 5–10 metres, vertical positioning within , a velocity vector measuring within , and timing within 200 ns, all based on measurements from four first-generation satellites simultaneously;"A Review of GLONASS" Miller, 2000 newer satellites such as GLONASS-M improve on this. GLONASS uses a coordinate datum named "PZ-90" (Earth Parameters 1990 – Parametry Zemli 1990), in which the precise location of the North Pole is given as an average of its position from 1990 to 1995. This is in contrast to the GPS's coordinate datum, WGS 84, which uses the location of the North Pole in 1984. As of 17 September 2007 the PZ-90 datum has been updated to version PZ-90.02 which differ from WGS 84 by less than in any given direction.

The value for the semimajor axis (a) of the WGS 72 Ellipsoid is 6 378 135 meters. The adoption of an a-value 10 meters smaller than that for the WGS 66 Ellipsoid was based on several calculations and indicators including a combination of satellite and surface gravity data for position and gravitational field determinations. Sets of satellite derived station coordinates and gravimetric deflection of the vertical and geoid height data were used to determine local-to-geocentric datum shifts, datum rotation parameters, a datum scale parameter and a value for the semimajor axis of the WGS Ellipsoid. Eight solutions were made with the various sets of input data, both from an investigative point of view and also because of the limited number of unknowns which could be solved for in any individual solution due to computer limitations.

Within the boundaries of this municipality lies the lowest point of the Netherlands: 6.76 m (22.2 ft) below Amsterdam Ordnance Datum (mean summer sea level in Amsterdam). It is the hometown of Miss Universe 1989, Angela Visser.

Both types of sign display a unique location number. The number, although given without units, is the distance in kilometres from a designated datum location for the road, although signs meant for driver navigation are in miles.

The datum for light airplanes is usually the engine firewall or the tip of the spinner, but in all cases it is a fixed plane perpendicular to the aircraft's longitudinal axis, and specified in its operating handbook.

The International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) has assigned the First Appearance Datum of the Psiloceras spela-group as the defining biological marker for the start of the Hettangian, 201.3 ± 0.2 million years ago, the earliest stage Jurassic.

Amsterdam Ordnance Datum or ''''' (NAP) is a vertical datum in use in large parts of Western Europe. Originally created for use in the Netherlands, its height was used by Prussia in 1879 for defining ', and in 1955 by other European countries. In the 1990s, it was used as the reference level for the United European leveling Network (UELN) which in turn led to the European Vertical Reference System (EVRS). Mayor Johannes Hudde of Amsterdam in a way came up with the idea after he expanded the sea dike after a flood in Amsterdam in 1675.

An ultra-prominent summit is a summit with at least of topographic prominence. The summit of a mountain or hill may be measured in three principal ways: #The topographic elevation of a summit measures the height of the summit above a geodetic sea level.All elevations in the 48 states of the contiguous United States include an elevation adjustment from the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). For further information, please see this United States National Geodetic Survey note.

Kaiser Point () is located in the Lewis Range, Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana. Maps indicate the peak is listed only by the elevation of according to the Sea Level Datum of 1929, however the updated elevation by the currently implemented North American Vertical Datum of 1988 indicates the peak exceeds . The National Park Service reports that six peaks rise to over in Glacier National Park, but Kaiser Point is listed as the seventh tallest. Kaiser Point is only northeast of Mount Cleveland, the tallest summit in the park.

Before 1921, the vertical datum was MSL at the Victoria Dock, Liverpool. Since the times of the Russian Empire, in Russia and its other former parts, now independent states, the sea level is measured from the zero level of Kronstadt Sea-Gauge. In Hong Kong, "mPD" is a surveying term meaning "metres above Principal Datum" and refers to height of 1.230m below the average sea level. In France, the Marégraphe in Marseilles measures continuously the sea level since 1883 and offers the longest collated data about the sea level.

Adjacent to the loading quay, a waiting berth for ore carrier is available. On the inner side of the secondary breakwater, a commercial quay 334m long is located with an available water depth of 10.15m below chart datum. The access channel to the port provides ship a water depth of 14.95m below chart datum and a channel width between the breakwaters of 210m. The Port of Greenville is also located in the South-eastern region of the country, Sinoe County, about 421 miles from the Freeport of Monrovia.

The Service’s Wetlands Geodatabase contains five units (map areas) that are populated with digital vector data and raster images. These units include the conterminous U.S., Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the Pacific Trust Territories. Each unit of the geodatabase contains seamless digital map data in ArcSDE geodatabase format. Data are in a single standard projection (Albers Equal-Area Conic Projection), horizontal planar units in meters, horizontal planar datum is the North American Datum of 1983 (also called NAD83), and minimum coordinate precision of one centimeter.

An ultra-prominent summit is a summit with at least of topographic prominence. The summit of a mountain or hill may be measured in three principal ways: #The topographic elevation of a summit measures the height of the summit above a geodetic sea level.All elevations in the 48 states of the contiguous United States include an elevation adjustment from the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). For further information, please see this United States National Geodetic Survey note.

All summits in this article have at least 500 meters of topographic prominence. An ultra-prominent summit is a summit with at least of topographic prominence. The summit of a mountain or hill may be measured in three principal ways: #The topographic elevation of a summit measures the height of the summit above a geodetic sea level.All elevations in the 48 states of the contiguous United States include an elevation adjustment from the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88).

The Hawaiian Islands are not included because they are considered part of Oceania. The summit of a mountain or hill may be measured in three principal ways: #The topographic elevation of a summit measures the height of the summit above a geodetic sea level.All elevations in the 48 states of the contiguous United States include an elevation adjustment from the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). For further information, please see this United States National Geodetic Survey note.

An ultra-prominent summit is a summit with at least of topographic prominence. The summit of a mountain or hill may be measured in three principal ways: #The topographic elevation of a summit measures the height of the summit above a geodetic sea level.All elevations in the 48 states of the contiguous United States include an elevation adjustment from the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). For further information, please see this United States National Geodetic Survey note.

All summits in this article have at least 500 meters of topographic prominence. An ultra-prominent summit is a summit with at least of topographic prominence. The summit of a mountain or hill may be measured in three principal ways: #The topographic elevation of a summit measures the height of the summit above a geodetic sea level.All elevations in the 48 states of the contiguous United States include an elevation adjustment from the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88).

An ultra-prominent summit is a summit with at least of topographic prominence. The summit of a mountain or hill may be measured in three principal ways: #The topographic elevation of a summit measures the height of the summit above a geodetic sea level.All elevations in the 48 states of the contiguous United States include an elevation adjustment from the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). For further information, please see this United States National Geodetic Survey note.

Some active learning algorithms are built upon support-vector machines (SVMs) and exploit the structure of the SVM to determine which data points to label. Such methods usually calculate the margin, , of each unlabeled datum in and treat as an -dimensional distance from that datum to the separating hyperplane. Minimum Marginal Hyperplane methods assume that the data with the smallest are those that the SVM is most uncertain about and therefore should be placed in to be labeled. Other similar methods, such as Maximum Marginal Hyperplane, choose data with the largest .

An ultra-prominent summit is a summit with at least of topographic prominence. The summit of a mountain or hill may be measured in three principal ways: #The topographic elevation of a summit measures the height of the summit above a geodetic sea level.All elevations in the 48 states of the contiguous United States include an elevation adjustment from the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). For further information, please see this United States National Geodetic Survey note.

A&P; Falmouth is located in Falmouth, Cornwall, UK on the mouth of the River Fal. The yard is located in the third largest natural deep water harbour in the world, and is the largest ship repair complex in the UK. A&P; Falmouth has three large graving docks and can accommodate ships up to 100,000 DWT. Number two dock (Queen Elizabeth Dock) is the largest graving dock and is long, wide and a has depth below chart datum of . Dock number three is long, wide and a depth below chart datum of .

All summits in this article have at least 500 meters of topographic prominence. An ultra-prominent summit is a summit with at least of topographic prominence. The summit of a mountain or hill may be measured in three principal ways: #The topographic elevation of a summit measures the height of the summit above a geodetic sea level.All elevations in the 48 states of the contiguous United States include an elevation adjustment from the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88).

The salt and fresh water marshes used to be very well protected. However the cost of replenishing the shingle spit grew too much for the village to sustain. Once the repairing stopped, it became easier for waves to get through; in 1953 a large storm, measured at above ordnance datum (see North Sea flood of 1953) hit the North Norfolk coast and the shingle ridge was mostly destroyed. A further storm surge in 1978 measured above ordnance datum and the protection measures confined flooding to the marshes and A149 coast road.

Note that by definition byte memory accesses are always aligned. A memory pointer that refers to primitive data that is n bytes long is said to be aligned if it is only allowed to contain addresses that are n-byte aligned, otherwise it is said to be unaligned. A memory pointer that refers to a data aggregate (a data structure or array) is aligned if (and only if) each primitive datum in the aggregate is aligned. Note that the definitions above assume that each primitive datum is a power of two bytes long.

The summit of a mountain or hill may be measured in three principal ways: #topographic elevation: the height of the summit above a geodetic sea level.All elevations in the 48 states of the contiguous United States include an elevation adjustment from the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). For further information, please see this United States National Geodetic Survey note.If the elevation or prominence of a summit is calculated as a range of values, the arithmetic mean is shown.

Altitude or height (also sometimes known as 'depth') is defined based on the context in which it is used (aviation, geometry, geographical survey, sport, atmospheric pressure, and many more). As a general definition, altitude is a distance measurement, usually in the vertical or "up" direction, between a reference datum and a point or object. The reference datum also often varies according to the context. Although the term altitude is commonly used to mean the height above sea level of a location, in geography the term elevation is often preferred for this usage.

Datum is read nationwide, with 84 percent of its circulation in Austria's metropolitan areas (municipalities above 5.000 people). According to a survey conducted by Peter Hajek Public Opinion Strategies in 2008, the vast majority of readers is between 20 and 39 years of age. The average household income of Datum readers in 2008 ranged between at least 1.800 Euros to more than 3.000 Euros (the average income in Austria in 2008 was 2.088 Euros). 58 percent of its readers have at least one college degree, while 34 percent have a High School Diploma.

In a technical drawing, a basic dimension is a theoretically exact dimension, given from a datum to a feature of interest. In Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing, basic dimensions are defined as a numerical value used to describe the theoretically exact size, profile, orientation or location of a feature or datum target.ASME Y14.5M-1994 Dimensioning and Tolerancing Allowable variations from the theoretically exact geometry are indicated by feature control frames, notes, and tolerances on other non-basic dimensions. Basic dimensions are currently denoted by enclosing the number of the dimension in a rectangle.

The key problem in supporting multiprogramming was the need for programs to be loaded into different locations in memory. Without multiprogramming support, a program was normally loaded into the "base" of memory, its notional location zero. To provide the illusion of being at zero, in a multiprogramming machine each program was assigned a fixed amount of the core memory, its base location is known as the datum and the last location as the limit. Every store operation by the CPU automatically offset the effective address by the datum for that program.

All summits in this article have at least 500 meters of topographic prominence. An ultra-prominent summit is a summit with at least of topographic prominence. The summit of a mountain or hill may be measured in three principal ways: #The topographic elevation of a summit measures the height of the summit above a geodetic sea level.All elevations in the 48 states of the contiguous United States include an elevation adjustment from the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88).

If necessary they may be cut, planed or filed to make them so. In subsequent marking out, all measurements are then taken from either of the two datum references. In aviation, an aircraft is designed to operate within a specified range of weight and (chiefly longitudinal) balance; an airman is responsible for determining these factors for each flight under his or her command. This requires the calculation of moment for each variable mass in the aircraft (fuel, passengers, cargo, etc.), by multiplying its weight by its distance from a datum reference.

Graphical representation of the VERTCON result VERTCON is a computer program that computes the modeled difference in orthometric height between the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) and the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) for a location in the contiguous United States. The parameters required are the latitude and longitude of the location. The program was created by the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) in 1994 and is available as an online tool, or PC executable package. The package contains the Perl source code.

In this Abstract Specification, a coordinate reference system shall be composed of one coordinate system and one datum. A coordinate system is a set of mathematical rules for specifying how coordinates are to be assigned to points, such as: affine, cylindrical, Cartesian, ellipsoidal, linear, polar, spherical, vertical, etc. A datum is a set of parameters that define the position of the origin, the scale, and the orientation of a coordinate system. The main subtypes of coordinate reference system are: geodetic, vertical, engineering, and image; additional subtypes are: derived, projected, and compound.

An ultra-prominent summit is a summit with at least of topographic prominence. The summit of a mountain or hill may be measured in three principal ways: #The topographic elevation of a summit measures the height of the summit above a geodetic sea level.All elevations in the 48 states of the contiguous United States include an elevation adjustment from the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). For further information, please see this United States National Geodetic Survey note.

WGS 84 Implementation Manual page i, 1998 Tectonic plates slowly move over the surface of Earth, so most countries have adopted for their maps an IRM version fixed relative to their own tectonic plate as it existed at the beginning of a specific year. Examples include the North American Datum 1983 (NAD83), the European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1989 (ETRF89), and the Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994 (GDA94). Versions fixed to a tectonic plate differ from the global version by at most a few centimetres. However, the IRM is not fixed to any point on Earth.

An ultra-prominent summit is a summit with at least of topographic prominence. The summit of a mountain or hill may be measured in three principal ways: #The topographic elevation of a summit measures the height of the summit above a geodetic sea level.All elevations in the 48 states of the contiguous United States include an elevation adjustment from the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). For further information, please see this United States National Geodetic Survey note.

An ultra- prominent summit is a summit with at least of topographic prominence. The summit of a mountain or hill may be measured in three principal ways: #The topographic elevation of a summit measures the height of the summit above a geodetic sea level.All elevations in the 48 states of the contiguous United States include an elevation adjustment from the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). For further information, please see this United States National Geodetic Survey note.

Datum per manus ... Johannis de Polonia cancellarii Conyeczpolye Regni et Petri de Sczekoczin vicecancellarii. Ad relacion ... Johannis de Polonia cancellarii Conyeczpolye Regni. Env.: Warsaw, AGAD, doc. Perg. No. 4765 (transumpt King Sigismund the Old of 31 July 1525).

The United States National Spatial Reference System NAD 83(2011/MA11/PA11) epoch 2010.00, is a refinement of the NAD 83 datum using data from a network of very accurate GPS receivers at Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS).

The grid system is based on the Roma 1940 datum, whose origin lies at Monte Mario near Rome. The coordinates at this point were measured 1940 as φ = 41° 55' 25".51 and λ = 12° 27' 08".40.

It was also fundamental to the sophisticated mathematical readjustment of the nation's survey network known as the North American Datum of 1983. It was the "end of an era" as the last conventional, purely terrestrial large scale survey.

The Pierres du Niton in Geneva harbour Metres above the Sea (German: Meter über Meer (m ü. M.)) is the vertical datum used in Switzerland. Both the system and the term are also used in the Principality of Liechtenstein.

Not only does it obviate the flipping over, cleaning, reclamping, etc., but it also can allow effortless high concentricity, parallelism, and squareness with the first setup's datum without the hassle of reestablishing it on another setup (via painstaking indicating).

Greenville has the third-largest port in Liberia. The port has two quays (70 m and 180 m long, respectively) on the inner side of the breakwater for berthing facilities, with an existing water depth of 6 m below chart datum.

In a survey by WIN International, carried out with the support of Datum Internacional, 92% of Peruvians expressed their belief in God, while 72% said they considered themselves religious, 20% non-religious and only 3% declared themselves to be atheist.

In 2005 the long night of churches took place in Vienna, Austria.DIE LANGE NACHT DER KIRCHEN IN EUROPA, Lange Nachte der Kirchen. Four years later the Diocese of Brno in the Czech Republic joined.Stanoveno datum Noci kostelů, Noc kostelů, 2009.

The older farmhouse building may be incorporated at the back. An old walled garden was later used as a car park.Davis, page 397 It is now the site of an engineering that manufactures wind turbines (datum 2020), previously Provan Engineering.

Also, Stefan problems can be applied to describe phase transformations. The Stefan problem also has a rich inverse theory; in such problems, the meting depth (or curve or hypersurface) is the known datum and the problem is to find or ..

Mean sea level was measured at 26 tide gauges: 21 in the United States and 5 in Canada. The datum was defined by the observed heights of mean sea level at the 26 tide gauges and by the set of elevations of all bench marks resulting from the adjustment of observations. The adjustment required a total of 66,315 miles (106,724 km) of levelling with 246 closed circuits and 25 circuits at sea level. Since the Sea Level Datum of 1929 was a hybrid model, it was not a pure model of mean sea level, the geoid, or any other equipotential surface.

Mountains south of here in N.M. are classified as the Arizona/New Mexico Mountains using the EPA Level III Ecoregions System. This article defines a significant summit as a summit with at least 100 meters (328.1 feet) of topographic prominence, and a major summit as a summit with at least 500 meters (1640.4 feet) of topographic prominence. An ultra-prominent summit is a summit with at least 1500 meters (4921.3 feet) of topographic prominence. All elevations in this article include an elevation adjustment from the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88).

A generation after the events of The Long Earth, mankind has spread across the new worlds opened up by Stepping. Where Joshua and Lobsang once pioneered, now fleets of airships link the stepwise Americas with trade and culture. Mankind is shaping the Long Earth—but in turn the Long Earth is shaping mankind. A new "America", called Valhalla, is emerging more than a million steps from Datum Earth, with core American values restated in the plentiful environment of the Long Earth, using "combing", slang for hunting-gathering to support their economy —and Valhalla is growing restless under the control of the Datum government.

The structure of the Plant Phenology Ontology relies on integrated terms from other ontologies, notably the Basic Formal Ontology, the Plant Ontology, the Information Artifact Ontology, and the Biological Collections Ontology. The basic structure of the PPO models the 'observing process' (BCO:0000003), which has an input of a 'whole plant' (PO:0000003) and an output of a 'measurement datum' (IAO:0000109). The value of the 'measurement datum' is determined by what was observed or not observed on the plant. Measurement data in the PPO are numbers of upper counts and lower counts for some 'plant structure' (PO:0009011) on the observed plant.

Since 1 January 2000 the whole of Germany has changed its height system over to normal heights based on the datum of the Amsterdam Ordnance Datum, known as the German Mean Height Reference System, DHHN92. At the same time the new NHN is the basis of the United European Levelling Net (UELN), formerly known as the ' or , which standardises the height systems of the European countries. Heights in this system are given in metres above NHN or m (NHN). The NHN was introduced because for heights above the actual gravitational field of the earth was not taken into account.

In surveying, a geodetic datum is a point or set of points used to establish a coordinate system. By designating the location of one point, and the direction from that point to a second point, one can establish a system relative to which other points can be located and mapped. As one surveys a larger area over which the curvature of the Earth becomes significant, it also becomes necessary to define an ellipsoid: a curved surface that approximates the shape of the Earth in the area of interest. The first nationwide datum in the United States was established in 1879.

The Hawaiian Islands are not included because they are considered part of Oceania. that are the higher than any other point north or south of their latitude or east or west their longitude in North America. The summit of a mountain or hill may be measured in three principal ways: #The topographic elevation of a summit measures the height of the summit above a geodetic sea level.All elevations in the 48 states of the contiguous United States include an elevation adjustment from the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88).

Reentrancy is not the same thing as idempotence, in which the function may be called more than once yet generate exactly the same output as if it had only been called once. Generally speaking, a function produces output data based on some input data (though both are optional, in general). Shared data could be accessed by any function at any time. If data can be changed by any function (and none keep track of those changes), there is no guarantee to those that share a datum that that datum is the same as at any time before.

The Tofts rise to 8m above Ordnance Datum at Sailholme, 7m at Wainfleet All Saints and 5–6m along much of the rest of the feature's length. This is considerably higher than the Low Grounds to the north (often 2–3m above Ordnance Datum), and the Marsh which separates the Tofts from the seafront and sits at 3–4m above Ordnance Datum.Simmons (2015), pp. 10-11. While the name the Tofts refers to the structure as a whole, parts of it are known as Wainfleet Tofts, Friskney Tofts and Wrangle Tofts, after the main villages which occupy its length.

In 2010, Stimeder sold his shares in Datum to his partner Weyringer who subsequently sold a minority of shares to Stefan Kaltenbrunner, a journalist and corporate publishing consultant who had started working for the magazine in 2008 and succeeded Stimeder as editor a year later. Starting in 2013 publishing company Medecco acquired 100 percent of Datum's shares. In February 2016 medecco announced an asset deal with Stefan Apfl, an award-winning journalist who had been among the first generation of journalists to work for the magazine. Apfl acquired the title copyright for Datum as well as the magazine's subscriber database.

The summit of a mountain or hill may be measured in three principal ways: #The topographic elevation of a summit measures the height of the summit above a geodetic sea level.All elevations in the 48 states of the contiguous United States include an elevation adjustment from the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). For further information, please see this United States National Geodetic Survey note.If the elevation or prominence of a summit is calculated as a range of values, the arithmetic mean is shown.

These characteristically use polling inside the driver loops, and can exhibit tremendous throughput. Ideally the per-datum polls are always successful, or at most repeated a small number of times.) At one time this sort of hybrid approach was common in disk and network drivers where there was not DMA or significant buffering available. Because the desired transfer speeds were faster even than could tolerate the minimum four- operation per-datum loop (bit-test, conditional-branch-to-self, fetch, and store), the hardware would often be built with automatic wait state generation on the I/O device, pushing the data ready poll out of software and onto the processor's fetch or store hardware and reducing the programmed loop to two operations. (In effect using the processor itself as a DMA engine.) The 6502 processor offered an unusual means to provide a three-element per-datum loop, as it had a hardware pin that, when asserted, would cause the processor's Overflow bit to be set directly.

The Hellenic Geodetic Reference System 1987 or HGRS87 () is a geodetic system commonly used in Greece (SRID=2100). The system specifies a local geodetic datum and a projection system. In some documents it is called Greek Geodetic Reference System 1987 or GGRS87.

Cobin is stunned of its gigantic size! EPISODE #37. THE LAST BATTLE OF PIRATE-ADMIRAL Colin challenges King Racko's new battleship, "Imperial tiger," with various tactics in order to get the datum. He is blasted by the front cannon of Racko's ship.

In mathematical group theory, the root datum of a connected split reductive algebraic group over a field is a generalization of a root system that determines the group up to isomorphism. They were introduced by Michel Demazure in SGA III, published in 1970.

A level staff, also called levelling rod, is a graduated wooden or aluminium rod, used with a levelling instrument to determine the difference in height between points or heights of points above a vertical datum. It cannot be used without a leveling instrument.

These must be cubits rather than ells; i.e., one ulna is 18 inches by today's standard ell. The flags are generally longer than they are wide. Page 1 recto bears the following introduction: > Pro libraria universitatis studii Cracouiensis datum per dominum Johannem > Dlugosch.

A geographic coordinate transformation is a translation among different geodetic datums. Both geographic coordinate conversion and transformation will be considered in this article. This article assumes readers are already familiar with the content in the articles geographic coordinate system and geodetic datum.

A coordinate system conversion is a conversion from one coordinate system to another, with both coordinate systems based on the same geodetic datum. Common conversion tasks include conversion between geodetic and ECEF coordinates and conversion from one type of map projection to another.

Latitude and longitude are expressed in fixed point integer numbers using the WGS 84 datum. Please note these numbers are the floating point values times 100,000, e.g. the latitude 52.493601 will be shown as 5249360. It is allowed to prefix these numbers with + or -.

This is the summer pastureland of Garth Celyn, on open moorland rising to above Ordnance Datum at . The small building on this site, now in ruins, was rebuilt in the 18th century on the ruins of an earlier building that extended further to the west.

In Andrew Yao's 1981 paper "Should Tables Be Sorted?", Yao described the cell- probe model and used it to give a minimum number of memory cell "probes" or accesses necessary to determine whether a given query datum exists within a table stored in memory.

Coastal features include Amundsen Bay, Casey Bay and Cape Monakov. Mountain ranges or sub-ranges being crests above pack ice (escarpments), are the Scott Mountains, the Tula Mountains, and the Napier Mountains. The highest peak is Mount Elkins at Above Ordnance Datum (conventional sea level).

The port has a long main quay and two long side quays and covers an area of . The depth of draft is at the port and is linked with the new Musaffah Channel (a channel dredged below the datum) which is about in length.

In the 2018 elections, Popular Force saw a large loss of popularity with the party not being elected into a single position in Lima or in regional governments. Keiko Fujimori also saw an approval rating of 11% while 83% disapprove of her according to Datum.

The computed centre of gravity at the time of the accident was from datum, which is forward of the main rotor hub centerline. The allowable limits are from for a gross weight of . The estimated gross weight at the time of the accident was .

The wreck is usually exposed by low tides which are below 0.6m above the chart datum (Dover). She lies in sand on a firm clay substrate on top of the prehistoric submerged forest. An explanatory panel is placed opposite her location on the sea wall.

The one agreed datum is that Antiochus is referenced by Porphyry (234-c. 305 AD),Porphyry, Introduction to Ptolemy's Tetrabiblos, chapter 38; Catalogus Codicum Astrologorum Graecorum 5 part 4, p.210, line 6. and so Antiochus must have lived before the death of Porphyry.

Depth in a well is not necessarily measured vertically or along a straight line. Because wells are not always drilled vertically, there may be two "depths" for every given point in a wellbore: the measured depth (MD) measured along the path of the borehole, and the true vertical depth (TVD), the absolute vertical distance between the datum and the point in the wellbore. In perfectly vertical wells, the TVD equals the MD; otherwise, the TVD is less than the MD measured from the same datum. Common datums used are ground level (GL), drilling rig floor (DF), rotary table (RT), kelly bushing (KB or RKB) and mean sea level (MSL).

Port of Trieste, about 1885 The gauging station in the Port of Trieste was established in the 1875 by the local observatory run by the military geographical institute of the Austro-Hungarian Army. The average water surface elevation at Molo Sartorio became the datum valid for the whole Austro-Hungarian monarchy. Whilst the former Yugoslavian states still use it, the Eastern Bloc successor states of Austria-Hungary like Hungary and Czechoslovakia after World War II switched to the Kronstadt Gauge of the Baltic Sea, which is higher. Whilst for Austria the 1875 gauge is used as the datum, the states of former Yugoslavia use the 1900 gauge (Nadmorska visina, m/nv).

In some situations sea level does not apply at all — for instance for mapping Mars' surface — forcing the use of a different "zero elevation", such as mean radius. A geodetic vertical datum takes some specific zero point, and computes elevations based on the geodetic model being used, without further reference to sea levels. Usually, the starting reference point is a tide gauge, so at that point the geodetic and tidal datums might match, but due to sea level variations, the two scales may not match elsewhere. An example of a gravity-based geodetic datum is NAVD88, used in North America, which is referenced to a point in Quebec, Canada.

Setting-up the radar involved orientating it in a known azimuth (the basic mounting could cover an arc of 4800 mils) and setting the datum beam elevation between -90 and 360 mils so that it was above the radar horizon. Other beam positions, 25, 40, 45, 65 and 90 mils were relative to this datum. The lowest beam position was used to alert the operator that a bomb was in flight and where to expect it on his screen; once alerted he tilted the beam into the first position, waited for it to appear, and then switched to the next angle. The angles were pre-selected according to the local circumstances.

The TL12 engine was dropped early on in the production run, with most large fleet buyers choosing the Rolls- Royce engine. The Roadtrain was available in day- and sleeper-cabbed form, in high and low datum versions—this refers to the cab height—high datum versions were intended as long haul vehicles with higher mounted cabs and more internal space. 6x2 versions were built in high cab form only on a chassis that was basically that of the ageing Scammell trunker. The Constructor's chassis was entirely Routeman behind the cab, albeit with altered suspension and with the front chassis rails splayed wider apart to fit the new C40 cab.

This article defines a significant summit as a summit with at least of topographic prominence, and a major summit as a summit with at least of topographic prominence. An ultra-prominent summit is a summit with at least of topographic prominence. The summit of a mountain or hill may be measured in three principal ways: #The topographic elevation of a summit measures the height of the summit above a geodetic sea level.All elevations in the 48 states of the contiguous United States include an elevation adjustment from the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88).

A tide table for Monterey Bay Aquarium Tide tables, sometimes called tide charts, are used for tidal prediction and show the daily times and levels of high and low tides, usually for a particular location. Tide heights at intermediate times (between high and low water) can be approximated by using the rule of twelfths or more accurately calculated by using a published tidal curve for the location. Tide levels are typically given relative to a low- water vertical datum, e.g. the mean lower low water (MLLW) datum in the US.Tidal Datums And Their Applications, NOAA Special Publication NOS CO-OPS 1, Silver Spring MD, June 2000.

Centring is normally made of wood timbers, a relatively straightforward structure in a simple arch or vault; but with more complex shapes involving double curvature, such as a dome or the bottle-shaped flue in a Norman-period kitchen, clay or sand bound by a weak lime mortar would be used. Shaping could be done by eye, perhaps with the help of a template, then stones or bricks laid against it. On larger works like a 19th-century pottery kiln this was impractical. The structure would be built round a post acting as a datum, and each course of stonework would be set at a distance from the datum.

In 2004 a proposal was put forward by Spatial Information Infrastructure to create a new series of Topographic Maps. There were two main reasons for a new series to be developed. Firstly, the majority of the old map series utilises the now obsolete AGD66 datum and secondly, the bulk of the old map series is out of date, with 40% of these map sheets being 21 to 30 years old, 50% 11 to 20 years old and only 10% less than 10 years old. The new series utilises the new Geodetic Datum of Australia 1994 and is currently being created using a Geographic Information System rather than traditional cartographic methods.

There is no right of public access to private property above the high-water line. Like the interstate boundary itself, the high watermark has been disputed as well. The theoretical maximum elevation of the lake is , using the Lake Tahoe datum. The yearly maximum is commonly lower.

The GSSP of the Sandbian is the Fågelsång section () at Sularp Brook, east of Lund (Skåne, Sweden). It is an outcrop of shale and mudstone. The lower boundary of the Sandbian is defined as the first appearance datum of graptolite species Nemagraptus gracilis in that section.

History and information about gold nugget found on the Golden Mile in 1991, now donated to the Australian Prospectors and Miners Hall of Fame. Golden Mile Nugget. Datum post, June 2000, p. 1, In November 2011 the Hall of Fame had to close because of financial difficulties.

These officials were responsible for setting up reliable systems to record land purchases and claims. The current Australian survey system is the geocentric datum of Australia, established in 1994. It was adopted nationally on 1 January 2000. Surveying is regulated at a federal level by Geoscience Australia.

According to its own stated objectives, the association strives to "establish in our society a nutritional style and agricultural attitude which are apt for the future, and are vegetarian or vegan, ecologically, ethically and socially responsible and economically viable."Vegetarierbund Deutschland: Leitbild. In: vebu.de. Ohne Datum.

Hydraulic head can similarly be measured in a column of water using a standpipe piezometer by measuring the height of the water surface in the tube relative to a common datum. The hydraulic head can be used to determine a hydraulic gradient between two or more points.

About a quarter of the village is woodland, and barring its western side which slopes steeply to the Great Stour, which is at 92 feet (28 metres) above sea level, most of the rest of its land is at more than 260 feet (80 metres) above Ordnance Datum.

Gauss Glacier () is a steep glacier on the north side of Datum Peak, descending west from the southwestern extremity of Hobbs Ridge into Blue Glacier, in Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was named by the New Zealand Geographic Board in 1993 after the German mathematician and astronomer Carl Friedrich Gauss.

Many maps maintained by national agencies are based on older ellipsoids, so one must know how the latitude and longitude values are transformed from one ellipsoid to another. GPS handsets include software to carry out datum transformations which link WGS84 to the local reference ellipsoid with its associated grid.

The village and historic civil parish of Offord D'Arcy lies on the eastern side of the Great Ouse river valley between and above ordnance datum; the parish covered an area of of land and of water. The boundary of the historic parish to the west was the Great Ouse.

On the other hand, the object (1) will be scanned by CT scanner is fixed to xy coordination system. Hence, object (1) will not be moved while the parallel beam irradiation optical system are rotated around the object (1). The object (1) must be smaller than datum circle.

The town lies between above ordnance datum. The valley of the River Ure below the town has an altitude of and the summit of the hill to the south-west of the town . The parish contains of land, mostly permanent pasture – only about is arable. The topsoil is mixed.

The village and historic civil parish of Offord Cluny lies on the eastern side of the Great Ouse river valley between and above ordnance datum; the parish covered an area of of land and of water. The boundary of the historic parish to the west was the Great Ouse.

With > this archaeological datum, the chronology of the Athenian treasury must be > considered settled. Pausanias was correct.” It is debated to have an earlier construction date due to the late archaic style used for the architecture. The Doric style was modeled after the use of wood to create structures.

In SGA3, Demazure introduced the definition of a root datum, a generalization of root systems for reductive groups that is central to the notion of Langlands duality.. On p. 468, Springer writes "The notion of root datum is due to Demazure." A 1970 paper of Demazure on subgroups of the Cremona group. has been later recognized as the beginning of the study of toric varieties.. The Demazure character formula and Demazure modules and Demazure conjecture are named after Demazure, who wrote about them in 1974.. Demazure modules are submodules of a finite-dimensional representation of a semisimple Lie algebra, and the Demazure character formula is an extension of the Weyl character formula to these modules.

Denali in Alaska is the highest mountain peak of the United States and North America. Denali is the third most topographically prominent and third most topographically isolated summit on Earth after Mount Everest and Aconcagua. The following sortable table comprises the 200 most topographically prominent mountain peaks of the United States of America. The summit of a mountain or hill may be measured in three principal ways: #The topographic elevation of a summit measures the height of the summit above a geodetic sea level.All elevations in the 48 states of the contiguous United States include an elevation adjustment from the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88).

To establish the position of a geographic location on a map, a map projection is used to convert geodetic coordinates to plane coordinates on a map; it projects the datum ellipsoidal coordinates and height onto a flat surface of a map. The datum, along with a map projection applied to a grid of reference locations, establishes a grid system for plotting locations. Common map projections in current use include the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM), the Military Grid Reference System (MGRS), the United States National Grid (USNG), the Global Area Reference System (GARS) and the World Geographic Reference System (GEOREF). Coordinates on a map are usually in terms northing N and easting E offsets relative to a specified origin.

WKT can describe coordinate reference systems. For example, the WKT below describes a two-dimensional geographic coordinate reference system with a latitude axis first, then a longitude axis. The coordinate system is related to Earth by the WGS84 geodetic datum: GEODCRS["WGS 84", DATUM["World Geodetic System 1984", ELLIPSOID["WGS 84", 6378137, 298.257223563, LENGTHUNIT["metre", 1 ], CS[ellipsoidal, 2], AXIS["Latitude (lat)", north, ORDER[1 , AXIS["Longitude (lon)", east, ORDER[2 , ANGLEUNIT["degree", 0.0174532925199433 The WKT format can describe not only geographic coordinate reference systems, but also geocentric, projected, vertical, temporal and engineering ones (for example a coordinate reference system attached to a boat). The standard describes how to combine those coordinate reference systems together.

This results in a small error in distance, but makes calculations simpler and, given the inherent imprecision in the used input data, it is not the biggest error source. The relatively new FT8 narrowband digital mode transmits Maidenhead locator square as part of standard messages, with the 4 character locator square being efficiently represented within 15 bits of the transmitted string. Until the adoption of WGS 84 as the official geodetic datum of the Maidenhead locator system in 1999, operators had usually specified their location based on their local national datum. Consequently, stations very near the edges of squares (at denoted precision) may have changed their locators when changing over to the use of WGS 84.

Tiarks' point, however, created problems, because the 1818 treaty called for the border to run directly north–south from it. South of that point, the channel of the Northwest Angle Inlet meandered east and west, crossing the border five times, thereby creating two small enclaves of water areas totaling two and a half acres that belonged to the United States but were surrounded by Canadian waters. A 1925 treaty addressed this by adopting the southernmost of the points where the channel and the border intersected – approximately south of Tiarks' point – as the new "northwesternmost point". The new northwesternmost point thus became , based on the NAD27 datum, which is equivalent to under the modern NAD83 datum.

EUREF is driven by a voluntary agreement of scientific organisations and national geodetic/geographic agencies of the member countries, who are willing to replace their legacy national geodetic datums with a unified European Reference Frame and join their national networks of reference stations into a common European network. The mandate of EUREF is to foster and coordinate the activities of the member countries, which are financed and managed on the national level. EUREF realizes and maintains ETRS89, the European geodetic datum, which is to become a single datum used for geodetic applications in all the member countries. A key instrument in maintaining ETRS89 is the EUREF Permanent Network (EPN), a network of reference stations which covers the European continent.

So some form of reductionism - "the belief that each meaningful statement is equivalent to some logical construct upon terms which refer to immediate experience" - must be assumed in order for an empiricist to 'save' the notion of analyticity. Such reductionism, says Quine, presents just as intractable a problem as did analyticity. In order to prove that all meaningful statements can be translated into a sense-datum language, a reductionist would surely have to confront "the task of specifying a sense-datum language and showing how to translate the rest of significant discourse, statement by statement, into it." To illustrate the difficulty of doing so, Quine describes Rudolf Carnap's attempt in his book Der logische Aufbau der Welt.

The physical components of the NSRS are reflected in its height system, defined by the vertical datum NAVD88. This datum is a network of orthometric heights obtained through spirit leveling. Because of the close relationship between height and Earth's gravity field, NGS also collects and curates terrestrial gravity measurements and develops regional models of the geoid (the level surface that best approximates sea level) and its slope, the deflection of the vertical. NGS is responsible for ensuring the accuracy of the NSRS over time, even as the North American plate rotates and deforms over time due to crustal strain, post-glacial rebound, subsidence, elastic deformation of the crust, and other geophysical phenomena.

A geodetic mission collects Geodetic datum. It was deemed too difficult to recover the bodies and a gasoline can was parachuted to the search party that located the wrecked plane for the purpose of cremation.Buenos Aires AP. "14 Air Victims to Be Cremated." The New York Times, December 12, 1945: 19.

Any instructions that are dependent upon this particular datum (identified by its tag value) are then marked as ready for execution. In this way, subsequent instructions are executed in proper order, avoiding race conditions. This order may differ from the sequential order envisioned by the human programmer, the programmed order.

The Head of Passes is the datum from which mileages on the Lower Mississippi River are measured. Algiers Point, for instance, is at mile 94.6 AHP (above Head of Passes). Cairo, Illinois, is at mile 953.8 AHP. Mileages downstream from Head of Passes are labelled BHP (below Head of Passes).

Starting with raw data from surveys, researchers apply positioning techniques to determine important dimensions and plot the position of competing products on these dimensions. Next they regress the survey data against the dimensions. The independent variables are the data collected in the survey. The dependent variable is the preference datum.

All faces are made square to the bottom supporting surface to an accuracy of 2.5 \xm over the thickness of the polygon. The error in angle between any working surface and the datum face and between any two adjacent working faces shall not be more than 10 seconds of arc.

The newly constructed marina was only accessible +3hrs mlw due to heavy and rapid siltation. By 2012 the silting problem had been resolved and the entrance is kept dredged to Chart Datum which makes it accessible over longer periods of the tide, especially to boats of a metre or less draft.

The species of the genus Ovatoryctocara occur near the lower limit of the Middle Cambrian in Siberia. The first appearance datum (FAD) of Ovatoryctocara granulata was proposed as the defining marker for the lower limit of the Wuliuan. O. granulata is moderately widespread (East Siberia, South China, Greenland, and Newfoundland).

Diagram showing relationship between two level staff, or rods, shown as 1 and 3. The level line of sight is 2. A typical procedure for a linear track of levels from a known datum is as follows. Set up the instrument within of a point of known or assumed elevation.

Amid the Empty Quarter of Arabia—as trilaterally agreed and monumented in 2006 precisely at the intersection of the 19th parallel and 52nd meridian (datum uncertain)—Oman (governorate of Dhofar) and Saudi Arabia (emirate of Ash Sharqiyah) meet Yemen (and its governorates of Al Mahrah and Hadramawt) in a tricountry quadripoint.

The basin floor is about deep, deeper than the Moon's South Pole-Aitken basin, and extends about east to west.The part below zero datum, see Geography of Mars#Zero elevationRemote Sensing Tutorial Page 19-12 , NASA It is centered at Hellas Planitia is in the Hellas quadrangle and the Noachis quadrangle.

However, others proclaim that it is those that start with play the "strategic game" and reach a bargain under conditions taken as a datum. The literature pits "sociological" against "strategic" perspectives, yet we can say that both of them are needed for a transition, and they are not mutually exclusive.

The International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) has assigned the First Appearance Datum (FAD) of Monograptus uniformis as the defining biological marker for the start of the Lochkovian, 419.2 ± 3.2 million years ago, the earliest stage of the Devonian.Gradstein, F. M. et al. ICS on Stage, page 5. Retrieved 2015-06-16.

The wall around the Memorial Cross was rebuilt and a commemorative plaque was also added by Convener, David R. Ross. A bench has been placed at the site that is a double seater version of one said to have belonged to Wallace and now (datum 2018) at Balnagowan Castle, Ross-shire.

3+2+1 = 6, all 6 degrees of freedom are considered. The 6 degrees of freedom in this example are 3 translation and 3 rotation about the 3D coordinate system. Datum A controls 3: translation along the Z axis, rotation about the x axis, and rotation about the y axis.

Sign referring to Normal-Null Normalnull ("standard zero") or Normal-Null (short N. N. or NN ) is an outdated official vertical datum used in Germany. Elevations using this reference system were to be marked "Meter über Normal- Null" (“meters above standard zero”). Normalnull has been replaced by Normalhöhennull (short NHN).

A tide gauge The tide gauge in Kronstadt, Russia With explanatory diagram showing Lea-type float gauge and stilling-well. A tide gauge is a device for measuring the change in sea level relative to a vertical datum. It its also known as mareograph, marigraph, sea-level recorder and limnimeter.

Minishant today (datum 2019) has a primary school, church, a restaurant, War Memorial, and a post office and general store. The parish comprises a mainly farming community. In the late 19th century it had a school, post office, smithy, joiner's shop, woollen factory and was served by Cassillis railway station.McMichael, George.

The location of the old thorn tree is today (datum 2018) a gently undulating field of poorly drained abandoned pasture, separated from the River Irvine on one side by a dual carriageway. Historic Environment Scotland states that "The nature of this legend may indicate a folk-lore memory of archaeological significance".

The notion of a subfield can also be regarded from the opposite point of view, by referring to being a field extension (or just extension) of , denoted by :, and read " over ". A basic datum of a field extension is its degree , i.e., the dimension of as an -vector space. It satisfies the formula :.

Although this was classed as theft, there is no obvious intention to make a gain. This may have been because if the mules were lost, they had necessarily been stolen by someone. That being the case, the perpetrator could be held as an accomplice. Damnum iniuria datum focussed on wrongful damage to property.

Altering the author is not fair in general, and can break the expected relationship between meaning and appearance of that datum. It also breaks automated use of it. There are communities which use mailing lists to coordinate their work, and deploy tools which use the `From:` field to attribute authorship to attachments.

The reservoir was officially opened on 30 September 1983. It has a capacity of , and a maximum water level of above Ordnance Datum. The embankment is high and its crest is long. In 1983, Lothian Regional Council commissioned a short film - "A Different Valley" - on the construction of the dam and associated works.

In East Germany normal heights used to be referred to as heights above ' or HN. The 1958 Kronstadt Tide Gauge (') was used as the datum. The new NHN heights are typically 12–15 cm higher. The maximum deviations in the spirit level points of first order are between 7 and 16 cm.

Initially surveys were conducted using magnetic bearings. Later measurements were made on county arbitrary meridians, where surveys in each county were based on an initial point determined by government surveyors. In 1966, the first nationwide system, the Australian geodetic datum (AGD) was established. Most states appointed surveyors-general early in their history.

By extension, the In line runs from Airport to South Gosforth, and from Pelaw to South Hylton. Distance plates are mounted on all overhead line structures. Different distances are normally quoted for stations, depending on whether the direction of travel is In or Out. Distances increase from the datum in all directions.

The chart will indicate what datum is in use. The use of HAT for heights and LAT for depths, means that the mariner can quickly look at the chart to ensure that they have sufficient clearance to pass any obstruction, though they may have to calculate height of tide to ensure their safety.

WGS 84 uses the IERS Reference Meridian as defined by the Bureau International de l'Heure, which was defined by compilation of star observations in different countries. The longitude positions on WGS 84 agree with those on the older North American Datum 1927 at roughly 85° longitude west, in the east-central United States.

By conservation of energy, assuming the datum is defined at the equilibrium position, when the spring reaches its maximal potential energy, the kinetic energy of the mass is zero. When the spring is released, it tries to return to equilibrium, and all its potential energy converts to kinetic energy of the mass.

While the "mother" survey ship would take soundings in deep water, "chicks" (smaller boats, initially rowed and later steam-powered) would run lines of soundings from the shore to deep water, using a lead line. Sounding positions were fixed by reading sextant angles between the three nearest control points, and were then plotted on a field chart. Soundings were taken at all stages of the tide, and were later corrected for the height of the tide to reduce them to a common datum (a quantity or set of quantities that serve as a reference or basis for calculation of other quantities). On completion of a survey, the tides and datum were related to a permanent bench mark for use in future surveys.

The elevation of a geographic location is its height above or below a fixed reference point, most commonly a reference geoid, a mathematical model of the Earth's sea level as an equipotential gravitational surface (see Geodetic datum § Vertical datum). The term elevation is mainly used when referring to points on the Earth's surface, while altitude or geopotential height is used for points above the surface, such as an aircraft in flight or a spacecraft in orbit, and depth is used for points below the surface. Elevation is not to be confused with the distance from the center of the Earth. Due to the equatorial bulge, the summits of Mount Everest and Chimborazo have, respectively, the largest elevation and the largest geocentric distance.

Mount Elbert in the Sawatch Range is the highest summit of the Rocky Mountains and the US State of Colorado. This article comprises four sortable tables of mountain summits of the Rocky Mountains of North America that are the higher than any other point north or south of their latitude or east or west their longitude in those mountains. The summit of a mountain or hill may be measured in three principal ways: #The topographic elevation of a summit measures the height of the summit above a geodetic sea level.All elevations in the 48 states of the contiguous United States include an elevation adjustment from the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88).

Quine first observes that Carnap's starting point was not the strictest possible, as his "sense-datum language" included not only sense-events but also "the notations of logic, up through higher set theory... Empiricists there are who would boggle at such prodigality." Nonetheless, says Quine, Carnap showed great ingenuity in defining sensory concepts "which, but for his constructions, one would not have dreamed were definable on so slender a basis." However, even such admirable efforts left Carnap, by his own admission, far short of completing the whole project. Finally, Quine objects in principle to Carnap's proposed translation of statements like "quality q is at point-instant x;y;z;t" into his sense-datum language, because he does not define the connective "is at".

These examples suggest that a "bare presence"—that is, knowledgeless sensation that is no more than evidence—may really occur. Present supporters of the non- epistemic theory thus regard sensations as only data in the sense that they are "given" (Latin datum, "given") and fundamentally involuntary, which is a good reason for not regarding them as basically mental. In the last century they were called "sense-data" by the proponents of qualia, but this led to the confusion that they carried with them reliable proofs of objective causal origins. For instance, one supporter of qualia was happy to speak of the redness and bulginess of a cricket ball as a typical "sense-datum",Price, Hubert H. (1932), Perception, London, Methuen, p.

Map regression is performed either by comparing individual features between maps, or by re-projecting an entire map so as to fit another onto which it can then be superimposed. The process can include resolving any differences in map scale, projection, datum, or format; and the interpretation of each map in its meaning and accuracy.

The first English use of the word "data" is from the 1640s. The word "data" was first used to mean "transmissible and storable computer information" in 1946. The expression "data processing" was first used in 1954. The Latin word data is the plural of datum, "(thing) given," neuter past participle of dare "to give".

The Peace Bridge has a clearance of above Low Water Datum (LWD). The Ferry Bridge is a lift bridge and is the next bridge located from the south entrance of the channel. The Ferry Bridge has a clearance of 17.3 above the LWD. Then for the south channel entrance comes the International Railroad Bridge.

He was elected to the British Academy in 1943. Price is perhaps best known for his work on the philosophy of perception. He argues for a sophisticated sense-datum account, although he rejects phenomenalism. In his book Thinking and Experience, he moves from perception to thought and argues for a dispositionalist account of conceptual cognition.

Given a location, the datum provides the latitude \phi and longitude \lambda. In the United Kingdom there are three common latitude, longitude, and height systems in use. WGS84 differs at Greenwich from the one used on published maps OSGB36 by approximately 112m. The military system ED50, used by NATO, differs from about 120m to 180m.

When this is not the case (as with 80-bit floating-point on x86) the context influences the conditions where the datum is considered aligned or not. Data structures can be stored in memory on the stack with a static size known as bounded or on the heap with a dynamic size known as unbounded.

Vertical position or vertical location is a position along a vertical direction above or below a given vertical datum. Vertical distance or vertical separation is the distance between two vertical positions. Many vertical coordinates exist for expressing vertical position: depth, height, altitude, elevation, etc. Each quantity may be expressed in various units: metres, feet, etc.

Consider a reflection which appears to us in a mirror. There is nothing corresponding to the reflection in the world external to the mind (for our reflection appears to us as the image of a human being apparently located inside a wall, or a wardrobe). The appearance is therefore a mental object, a sense datum.

So the device records the date, time and temperature together. When the data logger communicates temperatures, it must also report the date and time (metadata) for each temperature reading. At its most essential, a single datum is a value stored at a specific location. Fundamentally, computers follow a sequence of instructions they are given in the form of data.

Train for Dufftown arriving at Drummuir. The station has a car park and nature trail with a bird hide has been created in the old sidings and loading dock area. It is a regular timetabled stop for trains during the operating season with three trains a day in each direction (datum 2019).Train times on the Keith & Dufftown Railway.

Major shorelines existed at above North American Datum (NAD) and at above NAD. With a southern shore south of the US- Mexico border, Lake Cahuilla had a length of , a maximum width of and reached a depth of approximately at a water elevation of . The maximum surface area was about . The lake at maximum level held about of water.

Two datum points will exist instead of one since the base is V-shaped. The error in roundness can be measured similar to the previous method. #Also a cylindrical body can be clamped between two axle centres. Here also the dial gauge is mounted over the cylindrical body and thus the roundness is measured by similar procedure as above.

Note: One datum in support of this conclusion was that the grave contained a Catholic medallion (The Miraculous Medal, an image of the Blessed Virgin Mary) that Longley was reportedly wearing on the day he was hanged. Longley had converted to Catholicism shortly before his death, as reported by the Scientific American Frontiers episode entitled, "Dead Men's Tales".

The first edition of the OS Map shows that a channel in the bay that had been cleared of stones to permit the safe landing of boats.Ayrshire, Sheet LXI, Surveyed: 1855, Published:1858 The channel remnants are currently still visible at low tide (Datum 2020). No other artificial features directly related to the port itself have been observed.

The software further uses a modification of the GEOTiff graphic standard to embed geographic position and datum information into the image tags. This permits automatic placement of SPI and seabed surface images into spatially appropriate positions when opening within a GIS package. This functionality allows real time assessment of benthic data in the field to inform further sampling decisions.

The terrain is characterized by a gentle to moderately sloping topography. Winter Garden has the highest elevation spot in Orange County. The highest elevation is in NAVD 88 (North American Vertical Datum) located in the southwest corner of the city South near the county line with Lake County. The lowest elevation in the city is near Lake Apopka.

Newlyn is located in western Cornwall, just south of Penzance. It lies along the B3315 road which connects it to Land's End. Paul and Mousehole lie to the south. The Ordnance Survey, the United Kingdom's mapping agency, bases all elevations including mapped contour lines and spot heights on the mean sea level at Newlyn (see Ordnance Datum).

Primarily from the United States Government Printing Office Style Manual. GPO stock number 021-000-00178-3 (paper). State names usually signify only parts of each listed state, unless otherwise indicated. Based on the BLM manual's 1973 publication date, and the reference to Clarke's Spheroid of 1866 in section 2-82, coordinates appear to be in the NAD27 datum.

When a processor writes on a shared cache block, all the shared copies in the other caches are invalidated through bus snooping. This method ensures that only one copy of a datum can be exclusively read and written by a processor. All the other copies in other caches are invalidated. This is the most commonly used snooping protocol.

Dock number four is long, wide and has a depth below chart datum of . There are four wharfs in the yard: County Wharf, Duchy Wharf, Queens Wharf and "South of Queens Wharf". The yard has six cranes, with a total load capacity of 60 tonnes. It has also a steel fabrication shed, engineering workshop, electrical workshop and joinery workshop.

The Sandbian is the first stage of the Upper Ordovician. It follows the Darriwilian and is succeeded by the Katian. Its lower boundary is defined as the first appearance datum of the graptolite species Nemagraptus gracilis around million years ago. The Sandbian lasted for about 5.4 million years until the beginning of the Katian around million years ago.

The most common transformation is called the Helmert datum transformation, which results in a typical 7 m error from true. The definitive transformation from ETRS89 that is published by the OSGB is called the National Grid Transformation OSTN15. This models the detailed distortions in the 1936–1962 retriangulation, and achieves backwards compatibility in grid coordinates to sub-metre accuracy.

The levels over this road were the first taken deep into the country. The datum was an assumed low-water mark in Hobson's Bay, and the levels for the whole railway system of the colony were reduced to it.Sir Andrew Clarke BiographyLetter to Surveyor General 28 May 1856, p 48, Andrew Clarke's Report on Railways, 1856, Appendix III.

The summit is unnamed, but is marked on U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) maps for the "Quitovaquita" benchmark that was placed on the summit in 1920. The original surveyed height was 2,850 feet above sea level, but recent datum adjustments calculate the summit to be two feet higher.National Geodetic Survey Datasheet, DA1412, Quitovaquita BM.U.S. Geological Survey. 1964.

Berck is attested through the centuries in various forms: datum BergisAlbert Dauzat and Charles Rostaing, Dictionnaire étymologique des noms de lieu en France, Librairie Guénégaud, Paris, 1979, , p. 72b and Berc in 1215,Ernest Nègre, Toponymie générale de la France, Librairie Droz, Genève, p. 732, n° 12349 (read in French) Bierk in 1282.Albert Dauzat and Charles Rostaing, 72b.

The alternate wording b-bit aligned designates a b/8 byte aligned address (ex. 64-bit aligned is 8 bytes aligned). A memory access is said to be aligned when the data being accessed is n bytes long and the datum address is n-byte aligned. When a memory access is not aligned, it is said to be misaligned.

The nearby ghost towns of Winfield and Hamilton were prominent silver mining towns in the early part of the 20th century. A Hayden Survey team first climbed the peak on July 26, 1873. The elevation of 14,361 feet marked on the USGS Mount Elbert Quadrangle is incorrect, and should read 14,336 feet (in the NGVD 29 vertical datum).

Agnostotes orientalis is used in biostratigraphy as an index fossil. Its first appearance at the GSSP section of the Huayansi Formation in western Zhejiang, China is defined as the beginning of the Jiangshanian Age ( million years ago) of the Furongian Epoch (Upper Cambrian). Its first appearance datum (FAD) also coincides with the FAD of the ptychopariid trilobite Irvingella angustilimbata.

The surfaces are usually defined with datum curves in space and a variety of complex commands. Surfacing is more difficult, but better applicable to some manufacturing techniques, like injection molding. Solid models for injection molded parts usually have both surfacing and sketcher based features. Engineering drawings can be created semi-automatically and reference the solid models.

Contains the coordinate system and projection information. The file can be either in the Esri flavour of the well-known text representation of coordinate reference systems format (WKT), a simple keyword-value notation (Keyword: `Projection`, `Datum`, `Spheroid`, `Units`, `Zunits`, `Xshift`, `Yshift`, `Zone`,...) or have a single line `{B286C06B-0879-11D2-AACA-00C04FA33C20}`, which signifies an unknown coordinate system.

Partial average is a measure of the contribution of the individual independent variables to the total leverage of each observation. Modern computer packages for statistical analysis include, as part of their facilities for regression analysis, various quantitative measures for identifying influential observations, including such a measure of how an independent variable contributes to the total leverage of a datum.

In surveying and geodesy, a datum is a reference system or an approximation of the Earth's surface against which positional measurements are made for computing locations. Horizontal datums are used for describing a point on the Earth's surface, in latitude and longitude or another coordinate system. Vertical datums are used to measure elevations or underwater depths.

The gradients on the line generally rose to Llangynog. It fell with a short section at 1 in 72 to Blodwel Junction, and then rose with a half mile at 1 in 64 but generally more moderate gradients all the way to the terminus. Porthywaen was at 132 feet above Ordnance Datum and Llangynog at 320 feet.

A different principle is used when choosing a datum for nautical charts. For safety reasons, a mariner must be able to know the minimum depth of water that could occur at any point. For this reason, depths and tides on a nautical chart are measured relative to chart datum, which is defined to be a level below which tide rarely falls. Exactly how this is chosen depends on the tidal regime in the area being charted and on the policy of the hydrographic office producing the chart in question; a typical definition is Lowest Astronomical Tide (the lowest tide predictable from the effects of gravity), or Mean Lower Low Water (the average lowest tide of each day), although MSL is sometimes used in waters with very low tidal ranges.

Mount Elbert was named after Samuel Hitt Elbert Mount Elbert was named by miners in honor of Samuel Hitt Elbert, the governor of the then-Territory of Colorado, because he brokered a treaty in September 1873 with the Ute tribe that opened up more than of reservation land to mining and railroad activity. The first recorded ascent of the peak was by H.W. Stuckle in 1874, who was surveying the mountain as part of the Hayden Survey. Originally measured as in height, Mount Elbert's elevation was later adjusted to following a re-evaluation of mapped elevations, which sparked protests. The actual change was made in 1988 as a result of the North American Vertical Datum of 1988; it seems the original measurement resulted from the Sea Level Datum of 1929.

In computer science, a pointer is a kind of reference. A data primitive (or just primitive) is any datum that can be read from or written to computer memory using one memory access (for instance, both a byte and a word are primitives). A data aggregate (or just aggregate) is a group of primitives that are logically contiguous in memory and that are viewed collectively as one datum (for instance, an aggregate could be 3 logically contiguous bytes, the values of which represent the 3 coordinates of a point in space). When an aggregate is entirely composed of the same type of primitive, the aggregate may be called an array; in a sense, a multi-byte word primitive is an array of bytes, and some programs use words in this way.

The surveyor rotates the telescope until the graduated staff is in the cross hairs and records the reading. This is repeated for all sightings from that datum. Should the instrument be moved to another position within sighting distance, it is re-levelled, and a sighting taken of a known level in the previous survey. This relates any new levels to the previous levels.

The screen is gone. The writer > is one step closer to the absolute involvement of the reader that Henry > James and James Joyce dreamed of but never achieved.Esquire, p. 272. The essential difference between the new nonfiction and conventional reporting is, he said, that the basic unit of reporting was no longer the datum or piece of information but the scene.

These books were particularly popular with university students into the early decades of the 19th century. Noteworthy are the pre-printed pages of a friendship book (Stammbuchblatt) from 1770 onwards, published as a loose- leaf collection by the bookbinder and pressman Johannes Carl Wiederhold (1743-1826) from Göttingen.Göttinger Universitätsgeschichte – Stammbuchblätter auf der Seite ulturerbe.niedersachsen.de [ohne Datum], zuletzt abgerufen am 18.

The datum of that system was based on the Bessel ellipsoid, with an accurate determination of the geodetic coordinates at the central premises of the National Observatory of Athens supplemented by an accurately measured azimuth from the objervatory to Mount Parnes. Cartographic projections for civilian use were based on the Hatt projection system, with different projection parameters for each 1:100000 map.

Once processed and organized, the data may be incomplete, contain duplicates, or contain errors. The need for data cleaning, will arise from problems in the way that the datum are entered and stored. Data cleaning is the process of preventing and correcting these errors. Common tasks include record matching, identifying inaccuracy of data, overall quality of existing data, deduplication, and column segmentation.

Schedule to the Standards of Weights and Measures Act, 1976. However, the current National Topographic Database of the Survey of India is based on the metric WGS-84 datum,Survey of India, "National Map Policy – 2005 ". which is also used by the Global Positioning System. The difference from the previous standards was 2 ppm, or about 3.2 millimetres ( inch) per mile.

Groundbreaking took place on February 22, 2001. The 33,000 square foot building was designed by the Driehaus Prize winner David M. Schwarz/Architectural Services, Inc. Linbeck Construction Company built the structure and Sundance Projects Group, provided project management. Additional members of the construction/design team included: Gideon/Toal Architects, architect of record; Datum Engineers, structural engineers; and Summit Engineering, mechanical engineering.

Data may be used as a plural noun in this sense, with some writers—usually scientific writers—in the 20th century using datum in the singular and data for plural. However, in everyday language, "data" is most commonly used in the singular, as a mass noun (like "sand" or "rain"). The APA manual of style requires "data" to be plural.

Events that leave behind perceivable physical or virtual remains can be traced back through data. Marks are no longer considered data once the link between the mark and observation is broken. Mechanical computing devices are classified according to the means by which they represent data. An analog computer represents a datum as a voltage, distance, position, or other physical quantity.

Built across the Boyne River south west of Gladstone, the Awoonga Dam is a rockfill structure with a concrete upstream face slab. The embankment was formed from rock excavated from a quarry on the side of the dam wall. The embankment is over in length and in height, with a volume of approximately of rock. The spillway’s height is AHD (Australian Height Datum).

A 400m long breakwater protects the harbour. There are two quays (70m and 180m long respectively) on the inner side of the breakwater for berthing facilities, with an existing water depth of 6m below chart datum. The port was rehabilatated in the early eighties with loan from the German Development Fund. The port functions mainly as an outlet for the timber industry.

Between these brooks is a high ridge of land known as the Bromswold. On this ridge and also north of the northern brook the land rises to over above Ordnance datum. From the ridge the land falls to about to the southern brook and about to the northern. The population was chiefly engaged in agriculture until the late 20th century.

Messeri, p. 60 column 1. On 26 February 1501, Bishop Battista signed a grant which he issued from his residence at Ss. Nabore e Felice, indicating that he was still the Abbot Commendatory.Messeri, p. 60, column 2: datum Bononie, in domibus sanctorum Naboris et Feliciis, Nostre residentie. On 5 Oct 1478, he was appointed by Pope Sixtus IV as Bishop of Faenza.

The definition of NAD 83(1986) is based on the GRS 80 spheroid, as was WGS 84, so many older publications indicate no difference. WGS 84 subsequently changed to a slightly less flattened spheroid. Subsequent measurements therefore produce a difference on the order of a meter over much of the United States. Each datum has undergone refinements with more accurate and later measurements.

The most usual grids are for horizontal position representation, using a standard datum, like WGS84. In this context, it is common also to use a specific DGG as foundation for geocoding standardization. In the context of a spatial index, a DGG can assign unique identifiers to each grid cell, using it for spatial indexing purposes, in geodatabases or for geocoding.

Next, the statement would associate the data area of that file with one or more arrays that could be "used" the same as any memory-based array. Upon each access to a virtual array element, BASIC-PLUS would calculate which record of the file contained the datum. If the correct record was not in the file's buffer, it would read that record.

A direct system or an ind-object in a category C is defined to be a functor :F : I \to C from a small filtered category I to C. For example, if I is the category N mentioned above, this datum is equivalent to a sequence :X_0 \to X_1 \to \cdots of objects in C together with morphisms as displayed.

Stefan Goedecker; Adolfy Hoisie; 2001. Performance Optimization of Numerically Intensive Codes. SIAM. p. 11. . During eviction, blocks with a set dirty bit will be written to the lower-level hierarchy. Under this policy, there is a risk for data-loss as the most recently changed copy of a datum is only stored in the cache and therefore some corrective techniques must be observed.

In the UK this is the Ordnance Datum. Unlike a bench-mark, which is marked by a disc or plate, there is no official indication of a spot height on the ground although, in open country, spot heights may sometimes be marked by cairns. In geoscience, it can be used for showing elevations on a map, alongside contours, bench marks, etc.

The area of Fylingdales is of land and inland water. The chief crops grown were barley and oats but most of the land was in pasture or moorland. The cliffs are Upper Lias shale capped by Dogger and False Bedded Sandstones and shales of the Lower Oolite. The height varies from to above the ordnance datum on the cliffs to on the moors.

Kingston Creek is a small river in San Mateo County, California and is a tributary of San Gregorio Creek.122.30051&size;=l&u;=4&datum;=nad83&layer;=DRG25 USGS, 09-20-07 The average flow rate of this river is , as measured midway through the path of the river. The river is pumped for Irragation. Some crayfish live in the river.

The Nea Ionia station (Greek: Σταθμός Νέας Ιωνίας Stathmos Neas Ionias) is an Metro station in Nea Ionia, Athens, Greece. It is located from the datum point in Piraeus. It was previous a train station operated by Attica Railways that served Lavriou Square and Strofyli, it was from Lavriou Square. The first station on this site was open from 1922 to 1938.

Originally the village was a group of small farms however the opening of the railway in 1905 and the building of a substantial stone church in 1912 created a focus upon the area around Snabe and the habitation then formally achieved the status of a named village. The post office has closed however the church remains in regular use (datum 2019).

A transverse Mercator projection The transverse Mercator map projection is an adaptation of the standard Mercator projection. The transverse version is widely used in national and international mapping systems around the world, including the Universal Transverse Mercator. When paired with a suitable geodetic datum, the transverse Mercator delivers high accuracy in zones less than a few degrees in east-west extent.

The Iona was Scottish-built paddle steamer, purchased by Confederate agents for use as a blockade runner during the American Civil War. Following a collision with Chanticleer she sunk in the Upper Clyde near Fort Matilda in October 1862. The wreck, which lies around 27 m below chart datum, is now designated as a Historic Marine Protected Area by Historic Environment Scotland.

The World Bank estimates that 134 billion cubic meters of natural gas are flared or vented annually (2010 datum), an amount equivalent to the combined annual gas consumption of Germany and France or enough to supply the entire world with gas for 16 days. This flaring is highly concentrated: 10 countries account for 70% of emissions, and twenty for 85%.

For a past-coming character, just output the path of the data in the current Huffman's tree. Most importantly, we have to adjust the FGK Huffman tree if necessary, and finally update the frequency of related nodes. As the frequency of a datum is increased, the sibling property of the Huffman's tree may be broken. The adjustment is triggered for this reason.

The Black Mountain transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility, situated on land above Ordnance Datum (mean sea level) to the west of the city of Belfast, in Northern Ireland (). It includes a guyed steel lattice mast which is in height. The height of the top of the structure above mean sea level is . It is owned and operated by Arqiva.

The consulting engineers responsible for the new bridge were Rendel Palmer & Tritton, the same firm used for Waterloo Bridge in London nine years earlier. At mid-span, the bridge is wide, 4.7 metres above mean high water springs and 9.2 metres above chart datum. The bridge is 148 metres long in total, and the supporting piers are up to 32 metres apart.

For example, `syntax-case` macros can specify side-conditions on its pattern matching rules via arbitrary Scheme functions. Alternatively, a macro writer can choose not to use the pattern matching frontend and manipulate the syntax directly. Using the `datum->syntax` function, syntax-case macros can also intentionally capture identifiers, thus breaking hygiene. The R6RS Scheme standard adopted the syntax-case macro system.

In "Scientific Thought" (1930), C. D. Broad further elaborated on the concept of the specious present and considered that the specious present may be considered as the temporal equivalent of a sensory datum. A version of the concept was used by Edmund Husserl in his works and discussed further by Francisco Varela based on the writings of Husserl, Heidegger, and Merleau-Ponty.

Previously, the route was named Boundary Road north of the Burwood Highway intersection, however this section was renamed Warrigal Road in 1939. The road then continues up and down steep gradients until it reaches its terminus at Surrey Hills. Warrigal Road is aligned with the cadastral survey grid of Melbourne, and is east of the survey datum at Batman's Hill.

The Port of Felixstowe Felixstowe is Britain's largest container port. The main navigation channel is dredged to below chart datum, and a depth of up to alongside the quay. Felixstowe boasts deep-water able to accommodate the world's latest generation of deep-draughted ultra post-Panamax vessels. There is a continuous quay of , equipped with 25 ship-to-shore gantry cranes.

Diagram illustrating the three types of tide. Top: Semidaily; Middle: Daily; Bottom: Mixed. From Tidal Datum Planes Leaving the real estate company, Marmer accepted a position as a mathematician with the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey's Division of Tides and Currents in 1907. He became Chief Tidal Mathematician and Chief of the Section of Field Work of the division.

A datum value is up to date if it is current for a specific point in time. It is outdate if it was current at some preceding time yet incorrect at a later time. #Definition: Clear definitions should be provided so that current and future data users will know what the data mean. Each data element should have clear meaning and acceptable values.

This requires using an odd number of datum points in the sample window. A major drawback of the SMA is that it lets through a significant amount of the signal shorter than the window length. Worse, it actually inverts it. This can lead to unexpected artifacts, such as peaks in the smoothed result appearing where there were troughs in the data.

The U.S. standard was slightly longer and the old Imperial standards had been slightly shorter than the international mile. When the international mile was introduced in English- speaking countries, the basic geodetic datum in America was the North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27). This had been constructed by triangulation based on the definition of the foot in the Mendenhall Order of 1893, with 1 foot = metres and the definition was retained for data derived from NAD27, but renamed the U.S. survey foot to distinguish it from the international foot.When reading the document it helps to bear in mind that 999,998 = 3,937 × 254. The exact length of the land mile varied slightly among English-speaking countries until the international yard and pound agreement in 1959 established the yard as exactly 0.9144 metres, giving a mile of exactly 1,609.344 metres.

In common usage, elevations are often cited in height above sea level, although what “sea level” actually means is a more complex issue than might at first be thought: the height of the sea surface at any one place and time is a result of numerous effects, including waves, wind and currents, atmospheric pressure, tides, topography, and even differences in the strength of gravity due to the presence of mountains etc. For the purpose of measuring the height of objects on land, the usual datum used is mean sea level (MSL). This is a tidal datum which is described as the arithmetic mean of the hourly water elevation taken over a specific 19 years cycle. This definition averages out tidal highs and lows (caused by the gravitational effects of the sun and the moon) and short term variations.

A broad arrow bench mark, or datum mark, is chiselled into a large granite boulder on the Rolling Bay (west) side of Bessie Point, located on the east side of Trinity Bay. The arrow was cut in early February 1878 during a hydrographic survey of Cairns Harbour by Navigating Lieutenant Edward Richard Connor, Royal Navy (RN). The bench mark, used to indicate the datum (low water ordinary spring tides) from which the depth of water in the harbour was calculated, is surviving physical evidence of 19th century efforts to survey the Queensland coastline to assist marine navigation, and of the development of Cairns as a port. When the Hodgkinson goldfield was discovered in 1876, Trinity Bay was chosen as its port - since Cooktown, established in 1873 as the port for the Palmer River goldfield, was too far north.

Denali in Alaska is the highest mountain peak of the United States and North America. Denali is the third most topographically prominent and third most topographically isolated summit on Earth after Mount Everest and Aconcagua. This article comprises four sortable tables of mountain summits of the United States that are higher than any other point north or south of their latitude or east or west of their longitude in the U.S. The summit of a mountain or hill may be measured in three principal ways: #The topographic elevation of a summit measures the height of the summit above a geodetic sea level.All elevations in the 48 states of the contiguous United States include an elevation adjustment from the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88).

Parts of the 49th parallel were originally surveyed using astronomical techniques that did not take into account slight departures of the Earth's shape from a simple ellipsoid, or the deflection of the plumb-bob by differences in terrestrial mass. The surveys were subject to the limitations of early to mid-19th century technology, but accurate results were obtained. However, in some places the surveyed 49th parallel is several hundred feet from the geographical 49th parallel for the currently adopted datum, the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83). The Digital Chart of the World (DCW), which uses the Clarke 1866 ellipsoid, reports the border on average at latitude 48° 59′ 51″ north, roughly south of the modern 49th parallel. It ranges between 48° 59′ 25″ and 49° 0′ 10″ north, and on either side of the average.

The GSSP of the Darriwilian is the Huangnitang Section () near the village Huangnitang, 3.5 km southwest of Changshan County Town (Zhejiang, China). It is an outcrop of the Ningkuo Formation, consisting of mainly black shale. The lower boundary of the Darriwilian is defined as the first appearance datum of the graptolite species Undulograptus austrodentatus in that section. A Secondary fossil marker is the graptolite Arienigraptus zhejiangensis.

Various types of data which can be visualized through a computer device Data (treated as singular, plural, or as a mass noun) is any sequence of one or more symbols. Datum is a single symbol of data. Data requires interpretation to become information. Digital data is data that is represented using the binary number system of ones (1) and zeros (0), as opposed to analog representation.

P. 131. The ruins are still fairly substantial and clearly visible, with the church and churchyard containing many monuments to the historic families of Cunninghamhead and Pierceton. The Free Church became the Mission Hall for the parish church in Dreghorn and recently it has become an evangelical Christian centre (datum 2006). The entire church, churchyard and hall have all been fenced off and the gates padlocked (2006).

His work included research in statistics, deformation measurements, variance-covariance estimations in geodesy and immobiles, optimization of geodetic networks and datum transformations of geodetic systems, and satellite altimetry. He also conducted outlier tests and reliability measures and the evaluation of satellite altimeter data to determine the geoides of oceans. In 1979 he was a member of the German Geodetic Commission at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences.

The intrinsic method is limited to small deformations only. For large deformations extrinsic method has to be followed. In this case the datum is not a point or set of points on the object, but is a separate precision bearing usually on the measuring instrument. The axis of the object or part of the object to be measured is aligned with the axis of the bearing.

Map of the various vertical reference areas in Europe. Metres above the Adriatic (, , Serbo-Croatian: Metara iznad Jadrana) is the vertical datum used in Austria, in the former Yugoslavian states of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia- Hercegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, as well as in Albania to measure elevation, referring to the average water level of the Adriatic Sea at the Sartorio mole in the Port of Trieste.

While Cobweb complex ceramics are found throughout the site, the assemblage is the smallest numerically of the complexes associated with ColhaEaton, Jack D. 1994 Archeological Investigations at the Main Datum Mound, Colha Belize. In Continuing Archeology at Colha, Belize, edited by T.R. Hester, H.J. Shafer, and J.D. Eaton, pp. 99-108. Studies in Archeology 16. The University of Texas at Austin, Texas Archeological Research Laboratory.

Both lakes are part of the Great Lakes Waterway. The main inflow to Lake Michigan from Lake Superior, through Lake Huron, is controlled by the locks operated by the bi-national Lake Superior Board of Control. Historic high water :The lake fluctuates from month to month, with the highest lake levels typically experienced in the summer. The normal high-water mark is above datum .

The International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) has assigned the First Appearance Datum of Phoenixites frechi as the defining biological marker for the start of the Famennian Stage, 372.2 ± 1.6 million years ago, the final stage of the Devonian. This lower limit is also defined by the Upper Kellwasser Extinction, when the conodont genera Ancyrodella, and Ozarkodina and many species of Palmatolepis, Polygnathus, and Ancyrognathus disappeared.

South Binness Island is an island in Langstone Harbour. It is long and up to wide but only rises to above Ordnance Datum. Archaeological finds include Bronze Age pottery and an unfinished Plano-convex knife. In 1978 the island along with the other islands in Langstone harbour was acquired by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds who turned it into a bird sanctuary.

The Liberia-American Swedish Company (LAMCO), a joint venture company, constructed the port in 1960 for the export of iron ore deposits of the Nimba Range. Two break waters, 1,890m and 590m long to protect the harbour. Inside the basin, a 225m long ore-loading quay is located to the deeper section of the harbour basin with a water depth of 12.95m below chart datum.

Yeomanry recruitment 1805–1905, showing establishment (authorised) and effective (actual) strength. Broken lines represent no data available between known datum points. In the first half of the 19th century, the number of corps and overall strength fluctuated in line with the incidence of civil disturbance, reflecting the government's reliance on the yeomanry as a police force and its willingness to finance it.Hay 2017 pp.

Somerset, and in > Sharnecote and Chicklade, co. Wilts., together with the advowsons of St. > Andrew's Church in Baynard's Castle, London, the advowsons of Chicklade, > Portishead, and Walton, and the patronage and advowson of St. Mary's Abbey > of Kingswood. Witnesses : Thomas FitzNicoll, John Pauncefoot, Knights; > Robert Poyntz, Edmund Bassett, Thomas Kendale. Datum ad Berkeley, Thursday, > Feast of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist (24 June) 5 Hen.

The earliest sauropterygians appeared about 245 million years ago (Ma), at the start of the Triassic period: the first definite sauropterygian with exact stratigraphic datum lies within the Spathian division of the Olenekian era in South China.Ji Cheng, et al. 2013. "Highly diversified Chaohu fauna (Olenekian, Early Triassic) and sequence of Triassic marine reptile faunas from South China", in Reitner, Joachim et al., eds.

The situation in which it is located in the past was privileged, thanks to the cliff, people could guard enemy fleets and could see the fleets that approached. In 1740, the council ordered Jaime Sycre to create the fort as a measurement to reinforce the coast. The historic datum holds that this fort was never attacked. When the military fort was abandoned, lighthouse construction started in 1782.

With a capacity of , it would have flooded most of the upper valley, with a water level at around above ordnance datum. The Act named 12 Commissioners, several of whom had been on the original committee. All had to be occupiers of mills on the rivers affected, with an annual value exceeding £50. The major of Kendal was a Commissioner while the Corporation owned water rights.

Later that year, the United States Army Corps of Topographical Engineers set up a camp with an astronomical/magnetic station to serve as a datum base for a survey of the Florida Keys and the Great Florida Reef. To learn more about the Great Florida Reef, Alexander Bache invited Louis Agassiz to study it. The U.S. Coast Survey sent Agassiz to Key Biscayne in 1851.

The tower fell into disrepair until 1878 when efforts to restore the tower began. In 1910, the tower became the property of the canton of Vaud.Vaud: La tour de Gourze The tower was declared a historical monument by the Swiss federal government on August 6, 1913. Due to its wide-ranging views of the surrounding area, the tower has been used extensively as a geodetic datum.

History of the Prime Meridian -Past and PresentIRM on grounds of Royal Observatory from Google Earth Accessed 30 March 2012The astronomic latitude of the Royal Observatory is 51°28'38"N whereas its latitude on the European Terrestrial Reference Frame (1989) datum is 51°28'40.1247"N. A current convention on the Earth uses the opposite of the IRM as the basis for the International Date Line.

BCG founder Henderson published on the development of the experience curve. According to Henderson, its first "attempt to explain cost behavior over time in a process industry" began in 1966. The datum he focussed on was the striking correlation between competitive profitability and market share. Using price data in the semiconductor industry supplied by the Electronic Industries Association, he suggested that not one but two patterns emerged.

False-color image of a plains region on Venus. The small bumps on the left side of the image are volcanoes in a "shield field." Plains are large areas of relatively flat topography on Venus that form at varying elevations. Plains with elevations within 1–3 km of the datum are referred to as lowland plans, or planitiae, and those above are named highland plains, or plana.

Tesserae are a feature unique to Venus and are characterized as continent-sized regions of high topography (1 to >5 km above the datum) that are heavily deformed, often with complex patterns of ridges. These areas are formed by the intersection of at least two structural components. Tesserae are classified based on their structural components.Types of Tesserae Examples include Ishtar Terra and Aphrodite Terra.

It includes on outlying settlement, Ablington, in the upper valley. Bibury Farm is from the village, above Ordnance Datum (AOD), which is a similar elevation to much of the north. The south rises to a maximum of on its periphery along Akeman Street, a Roman road, before ascending further in other more distant lands. The valley floor within the Bibury boundary, northwest and southeast, ranges from AOD.

The GSSP of the Katian stage is the Black Knob Ridge Section in southeastern Oklahoma (United States). It is an outcrop of the Womble Shale and the Bigfork Chert, the latter containing the lower boundary of the Katian. The lower boundary is defined as the first appearance datum of the graptolite species Diplacanthograptus caudatus. This horizon is 4.0 m above the base of the Bigfork Chert.

Elevations range from 8m in the south-west to 2-3m above ordnance datum in the south-east where a straightened river drains the parish. An industrial and business estate takes up the easternmost part of Bersted - in common with most of the country business tends to refer to their post town Bognor Regis and includes a superstore. Some of this area is in the town's boundaries.

MIPS I has instructions that load and store 8-bit bytes, 16-bit halfwords, and 32-bit words. Only one addressing mode is supported: base + displacement. Since MIPS I is a 32-bit architecture, loading quantities fewer than 32 bits requires the datum to be either signed- or zero-extended to 32 bits. The load instructions suffixed by "unsigned" perform zero extension; otherwise sign extension is performed.

Distance- based exit numbering is used in Queensland, although there is not a consistent approach for defining the datum. For example exit numbers may increase from south to north or north to south. Victoria and New South Wales have partially implemented sequential exit numbering on selected urban motorways. For instance, the M31 Hume Motorway in New South Wales has exit numbering between Prestons and Campbelltown.

Distances on the system are measured from a datum point at South Gosforth. The system is metric, with distances in kilometres, and rounded to the nearest metre. Lines are designated In and Out. The In line runs from St. James to South Shields via the inside of the North Tyneside Loop (via Wallsend then Whitley Bay), with the Out line running in the opposite direction.

In the 1960s, his zen period features only a few strokes on monochromatic backgrounds, illuminating the power of the sign. Examples include La Bataille de Brunkerberg and Bulle Omnium Datum Optimum. In 1970 Mathieu focused on the equilibrium between balance and vividness, and showed central shapes on a uniform blocks of color. From 1984 Mathieu achieved what he calls a "cosmic turning point" in his painting.

The Indian survey foot is defined as exactly ,Schedule to the Standards of Weights and Measures Act, 1976. presumably derived from a measurement of the previous Indian standard of the yard. The current National Topographic Database of the Survey of India is based on the metric WGS-84 datum,Survey of India, "National Map Policy – 2005" . which is also used by the Global Positioning System.

Kold College is a privately run institution offering vocational courses in food, agriculture and gardening. Founded in 2004, after a merger between Datum Tekniske Skole and Gartnerskolen Søhus, it changed its name to Kold College in 2008. It also offers secondary education courses in the natural sciences. The college is named after Christen Kold who founded vocational schools on Funen in the mid-19th century.

EUREF Permanent Network (EPS) is a European network of more than 300 continuously operating GNSS reference stations with precisely known coordinates referenced to the ETRS89. EPS is the key instrument in the maintenance of ETRS89 geodetic datum. The EPN stations collect continuously the observation data from high accuracy multi-GNSS receivers. The data is processed in the centralized way in a few data processing centres.

Near the source at Chiselborough the typical level range for the depth of the river is to but has reached a maximum of . The mean flow rate is . By the time it reaches Gaw Bridge the normal level range is to and a highest reading of . At West Quay in Bridgwater where the river is tidal the highest astronomical tide level is above ordnance datum (AOD).

If necessary, a Dutch notary will instruct and call on the services of other legal practitioners. However, under no circumstances may a notary represent clients in court. Apart from advising, a notary also draws, executes, and retains instruments either by statute or at the parties' request. Under Dutch law, a notarially executed instrument is probative as of the data certa (vaste datum) and subscription of the parties.

For its reference system, MMP uses 3D geographic coordinates: longitude, latitude and altitude, in that order, with negative values for west, south and below mean sea level if the altitude data is available. The longitude, latitude components (decimal degrees) are as defined by the World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84). The vertical component (altitude) is measured in meters from the WGS84 EGM96 Geoid vertical datum.

Tolerance analysis is the general term for activities related to the study of accumulated variation in mechanical parts and assemblies. Its methods may be used on other types of systems subject to accumulated variation, such as mechanical and electrical systems. Engineers analyze tolerances for the purpose of evaluating geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T;). Methods include 2D tolerance stacks, 3D Monte Carlo simulations, and datum conversions.

Somerset, and in Sharnecote and Chicklade, co. Wiltshire, together with the advowsons of St. Andrew's Church in Baynard's Castle, London, the advowsons of Chicklade, Portishead, and Walton, and the patronage and advowson of St. Mary's Abbey of Kingswood. Witnesses: Thomas FitzNicoll, John Pauncefoot, Knights; Robert Poyntz, Edmund Bassett, Thomas Kendale. Datum ad Berkeley, Thursday, Feast of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist (24 June) 5 Hen.

The GSSP of the Hirnantian is the Wangjiawan section () near the village Wangjiawan, 42 km north of Yichang (Hubei, China). It is an outcrop of the Wufeng and overlying Lungmachi Formation, the former containing the base of the Hirnantian. Both formations consist mainly of shale and chert. The base is defined as the first appearance datum of the graptolite species Normalograptus extraordinarius in that section.

Since (the argument claims) we must have direct access to some specific experiential entity in order to have the percepts that we do, and since this entity is not identical to the real object itself, there must be some sort of internal mental entity somehow correlated to the real world, about which we afterwards have perceptions, make judgments, etc. This entity is a sense- datum.

OSGB36, for example, is a better approximation to the geoid covering the British Isles than the global WGS 84 ellipsoid. However, as the benefits of a global system outweigh the greater accuracy, the global WGS 84 datum is becoming increasingly adopted. Horizontal datums are used for describing a point on the Earth's surface, in latitude and longitude or another coordinate system. Vertical datums measure elevations or depths.

An old photograph shows the well with a hand-operated cast- iron water pump to the right-hand side of the well opening, indicating that it was a regular and dependable source of water for those living locally, and a gap in the low wall shows that a flow existed at the time; however, now (datum 2018) it is very shallow and partly exposed mud. In 1923 a line drawing shows the well much as it is today (datum 2019); however, the low wall at the entrance was a low metal railing with three vertical supports. The well has seen many changes over the years, the present appearance originating from around 1911, the previous structure having had a stone with an inscription commemorative of the crucial year 1305. The well is Set in a curved alcove in a simply built stone wall by the roadside with the Gadburn flowing in front.

View west along the main stem of the Chicago River from the Outer Drive Bridge, 2009 The main stem of the river, Wrigley Building, and Tribune Tower at night. Kayakers take a break at Wolf Point with 333 West Wacker, Lake Street Bridge and the south skyline in the background The source of the main stem of the Chicago River is Lake Michigan. Water enters the river through sluice gates at the Chicago River Controlling Works with a small additional flow provided by the passage of boats between the river and Lake Michigan through the Chicago Harbor Lock. The surface level of the river is maintained at below the Chicago City Datum ( above mean sea level) except for when there is excessive storm run-off into the river or when the level of the lake is more than 2 feet below the Chicago City Datum.

In aviation, atmospheric sciences and broadcasting, a height above ground level (AGL or HAGL) is a height measured with respect to the underlying ground surface. This is as opposed to height above mean sea level (AMSL or HAMSL), or (in broadcast engineering) height above average terrain (AAT or HAAT). In other words, these expressions (AGL, AMSL, AAT) indicate where the "zero level" or "reference altitude" - the vertical datum - is located.

The HGRS87 datum is implemented by a first order geodetic network, which consists of approximately 30 triangulation stations throughout Greece and is maintained by the Hellenic Military Geographical Service. The initial uncertainty was estimated as 0.1 ppm (1x10−7). However, there are considerable tectonic movements that move parts of Greece towards different directions, causing incompatibilities between surveys taking place at different times. HGRS87 replaced an earlier de facto geodetic system.

At its maximum, the water is deep, and the dam created a reservoir which is long, holding . It covers an area of Ordnance Survey, 1:2500 map, 1904 and its surface level is Above Ordnance Datum. Unlike the other two reservoirs in the chain, the size as built was that specified by the original Act of 1884, whereas the capacity of Beacons and Llwyn-on was doubled when construction began.

Receivers usually calculate a running estimate of the error in the calculated position. This is done by multiplying the basic resolution of the receiver by quantities called the geometric dilution of position (GDOP) factors, calculated from the relative sky directions of the satellites used. The receiver location is expressed in a specific coordinate system, such as latitude and longitude using the WGS 84 geodetic datum or a country-specific system.

From 1866 to 1900 Arthur Auwers compiled, in Berlin, his Fundamentalkatalog, a comprehensive star catalog containing 170 000 stars. On the north wing of the observatory was the height reference point for Prussia, known in German as Normalnull. The marking was formally presented on the 82nd birthday of Kaiser Wilhelm I. on 22 March 1879. This point was derived from the Amsterdam Ordnance Datum and marked off 37 meters over zero.

Some of the different types of data. Data are characteristics or information, usually numerical, that are collected through observation. In a more technical sense, data are a set of values of qualitative or quantitative variables about one or more persons or objects, while a datum (singular of data) is a single value of a single variable. Although the terms "data" and "information" are often used interchangeably, these terms have distinct meanings.

This old astronomical prime meridian has been replaced by a more precise prime meridian. When Greenwich was an active observatory, geographical coordinates were referred to a local oblate spheroid called a datum known as a geoid, whose surface closely matched local mean sea level. Several datums were in use around the world, all using different spheroids, because mean sea level undulates by as much as 100 metres worldwide.

The ID3 algorithm is used by training on a data set S to produce a decision tree which is stored in memory. At runtime, this decision tree is used to classify new test cases (feature vectors) by traversing the decision tree using the features of the datum to arrive at a leaf node. The class of this terminal node is the class the test case is classified as.

He was chairman of the geography department at Syracuse from 1968 to 1973, became Maxwell Professor at Syracuse in 1990,Haskin prize lecturer: Donald W. Meinig, American Council of Learned Societies, retrieved 2010-01-30. and retired in 2004. At Syracuse, Meinig was the doctoral advisor of more than 20 graduate students,. including noted New Zealand geographer Evelyn Stokes.. Reprinted in Datum: Newsletter of the New Zealand Map Society, no.

The road enters, with further gentle curves, an unnamed outlying neighbourhood of Banstead in the Surrey borough of Reigate & Banstead and ascends through low-density housing. It reaches a westerly high-point of 152m Ordnance Datum just before entering Banstead. It then descends, before coming to a mini roundabout with the B2219 Bolters Lane. Almost immediately after the mini roundabout, it comes to the Banstead Crossroads with the A217.

The term is widely used in cartography, especially in electronic variants including GIS, and GPS navigation software. In this context the synonym waypoint is common. A GPS point of interest specifies, at minimum, the latitude and longitude of the POI, assuming a certain map datum. A name or description for the POI is usually included, and other information such as altitude or a telephone number may also be attached.

Passage of fauna between Eurasia and the Arabian Plate was largely hindered before the Early Miocene, as animals could not cross the open Tethyan seaway. However, during the mid-Burdigalian, the tectonic plates of Afro-Arabia and Eurasia collided, creating a terrestrial isthmus connecting the two landmasses. This faunal exchange that resulted is known as the Proboscidean Datum Event. The land bridge allowed the elephantine Gomphotheres to leave Africa.

1908 OS Map Retrieved : 2013-01-07 By 1971 the sidings had been lifted and the nearby school off the B7034 was closed.Old Maps Retrieved : 2013-01-07 The majority of the line is still open today (datum 2013) for freight trains serving opencast mining sites in the area. The station house survives as a private dwelling lying just off the A713 Ayr, however the old platform has been demolished.

Its elevation relative to the geodetic datum varies between 0 and -3 km. R. Greeley, "Arcadia Planitia" URL accessed July 31, 2006. In many low areas of Arcadia, there are grooves and sub-parallel ridges. These indicate movement of near surface materials and are similar to features on earth where near surface materials flow together very slowly as helped by the freezing and thawing of water located between ground layers.

The Glentauchers Distillery. The station is generally said to have been opened at some point after 1923 and closed to passengers traffic on 7 December 1964, however the distillery remained open and is still operational (datum 2018). The distillery was once connected by a single line that was served by freight trains from the west.RailScot - Taucher's Platform From 23 May 1949 the halt was available to the general public.

The bottom of the sewer is called the invert from a general resemblance in construction to an "inverted" arch.Henry Mayhew, London Labour and the London Poor, II 445, 1840s An inverted arch is rounded structure with its crown facing in the downward position. This is a common term in structural architect drawings. Invert Level is found through measuring the distance from the lowest level of a pipe, to a fixed datum.

Wright Patman Dam is located at 33.327 N, 94.161 W (WGS 84 datum); this is nine miles (14 km) southwest of Texarkana, Texas. The dam straddles the border between Bowie County and Cass County. The dam is 18,500 feet (5,639 m) long, with a 200-foot (61 m) wide spillway. The top of the dam is 286 feet (87 m) above sea level, or 100 feet (30 m) above the riverbed.

Map of vertical reference areas in Europe. NHN height sign in the Harz mountains of Germany on the Brocken road ''''' ("standard elevation zero") or NHN' is a vertical datum used in Germany. In geographical terms, NHN is the reference plane for the normal height of a topographical eminence height above mean sea level used in the 1992 German Mean Height Reference System (').The German Height Reference System at www.bkg.bund.de.

The Elgar's Special Survey had a lasting effect on the alignment of Boroondara subdivisions and roads as some boundaries did not conform to the one mile (1.6 km) interval cadastral survey Section lines running north–south and east–west, referenced from the survey datum at Batman's Hill. It is noted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics as being a particularly well known example of the short-lived special survey system.

MOLA instrument of Mars Global Surveyor. The crater depth is below the standard topographic datum of Mars.Martian Weather Observation MGS radio science measured 11.50 mbar at 34.4° S 59.6° E -7152 meters Hellas Planitia is a plain located within the huge, roughly circular impact basin Hellas located in the southern hemisphere of the planet Mars. Hellas is the third or fourth largest impact crater in the Solar System.

The GSSP for the beginning of the Tremadocian is the Greenpoint section () in Gros Morne National Park, in western Newfoundland. It is defined as the first appearance of the conodont species Iapetognathus fluctivagus. This horizon can be found 101.8 m above the Greenpoint section datum within bed number 23. The boundary lies within the Broom Point Member, of the Green Point Formation which is part of the Cow Head Group.

Precision teaching is a precise and systematic method of evaluating instructional tactics and curricula. It is one of the few quantitative analyses of behavior forms of applied behavior analysis. It comes from a very strong quantitative scientific basis and was pioneered by Ogden Lindsley in the 1960s based largely on Skinner's operant conditioning. Precision teaching is a type of programmed instruction that focuses heavily on frequency as its main datum.

The event lasted around 200,000 years, spanning the base of the Wenlock epoch. It comprises eight extinction "datum points"—the first four being regularly spaced, every 30,797 years, and linked to the Milankovic obliquity cycle. The fifth and sixth probably reflect maxima in the precessional cycles, with periods of around 16.5 and 19 ka. The final two data are much further spaced, so harder to link with Milankovic changes.

The hills are quite heavily cultivated unlike their neighbouring upland areas of Exmoor and the Quantock Hills. The Brendon Hills are largely formed from the Morte Slates, a thick faulted and folded sequence of Devonian age sedimentary rocks. It then flows through an alluvial floodplain underlain by sub-alluvial gravels, underlain by rocks of the Mercia Mudstone Group. The floodplain is between and above the ordnance datum (mean sea level).

The event lasted around 200,000 years, spanning the base of the Wenlock epoch. It comprises eight extinction "datum points"—the first four being regularly spaced, every 30,797 years, and linked to the Milankovic obliquity cycle. The fifth and sixth probably reflect maxima in the precessional cycles, with periods of around 16.5 and 19 ka. The final two data are much further spaced, so harder to link with Milankovic changes.

This community is located on level ground at an elevation of five feet (1.5 m) above mean sea datum (U.S. Geological Survey, 1980). The soil in the Princeton-by-the-Sea vicinity has good drainage, since the surface consists of marine deposits with underlying water bearing sediments of unconsolidated sand and gravel deposits (Earth Metrics, 1989). Until 1973 extensive row crop farming was conducted immediately at the northern edge of Princeton.

The Abbott-Firestone curve. The Abbott-Firestone curve or bearing area curve (BAC) describes the surface texture of an object. The curve can be found from a profile trace by drawing lines parallel to the datum and measuring the fraction of the line which lies within the profile. Mathematically it is the cumulative probability density function of the surface profile's height and can be calculated by integrating the profile trace.

A Standard port is a port whose tidal predictions are directly given in the Tide tables. Tide predictions for standard ports are based on continuous observation of tide over a period of at least one year. These predictions are given in feet or meters, with respect to the chart datum for average meteorological conditions. Some examples of primary ports are Bhavnagar, Bombay, Cochin, Manila, Karachi, Singapore, Suez, Port Dickson, etc.

Height gauges may also be used to measure the height of an object by using the underside of the scriber as the datum. The datum may be permanently fixed or the height gauge may have provision to adjust the scale, this is done by sliding the scale vertically along the body of the height gauge by turning a fine feed screw at the top of the gauge; then with the scriber set to the same level as the base, the scale can be matched to it. This adjustment allows different scribers or probes to be used, as well as adjusting for any errors in a damaged or resharpened probe. In the toolroom, the distinction between a height gauge and a surface gauge is that a height gauge has a measuring head (whether vernier, fine rack and pinion with dial, or linear encoder with digital display), whereas a surface gauge has only a scriber point.

Campbell made the comparison between Hume's view that the mind is passive and Plato's theory of the forms, which claims that the world is made up of non-physical values called forms, which accumulate as perceivable objects seemingly of their own volition. This is the kind of agency sense datum would need to have were the mind passive, and the comparison to Plato is piercing because Plato's philosophy is considered one of the earliest metaphysical doctrines, stating that the forms exist as non- physical determinants of the perceivable world. Discussion of non-physical entities is the kind of thought Hume made a strong habit of rejecting. Believing that it was patently illogical to assume that the sense datum responsible for our development of character could plant themselves in our consciousness from the outside, Campbell supported his view of the substantival self by claiming that it plays an active role necessary to our cognition.

Features not appearing on one map but shown on another do not necessarily indicate an actual difference, due to purpose, detail, or accuracy; for example, comparing cadastral and topographic maps. Map format can reduce confidence in a regression. 'Strip' maps, or traverse surveys, which record features in a linear path can complicate the spatial interpolation required to match a planar format. Historical research can involve early maps of uncertain accuracy or datum.

Another important source of sea- level observations is the global network of tide gauges. Compared to the satellite record, this record has major spatial gaps but covers a much longer period of time. Coverage of tide gauges started primarily in the Northern Hemisphere, with data for the Southern Hemisphere remaining scarce up to the 1970s. The longest running sea-level measurements, NAP or Amsterdam Ordnance Datum established in 1675, are recorded in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Old railway overbridge near Wigtown. The Portpatrick and Wigtownshire Joint Railway was formed from the amalgamation of two railway companies: The Portpatrick Railway and the Wigtownshire Railway, which got into financial difficulties; they merged and were taken over.Casserley The single-platform station stood off the Harbour Road. It had a ticket office and waiting room, a stationmaster's house that still survives (datum 2013), a goods shed, a weighing machine, passing loop, crane, and several sidings.

On the Vrouwenheide are several national monuments. Windmill Op de Vrouweheide, build in 1858, is located at 216 meters above Amsterdam Ordnance Datum, and build on an artificial hill to catch even more wind. As such it is the highest windmill in the Netherlands. Op de Vrouweheide, De Hollandsche Molen Windmolenbiotoop inventarisatie Limburg 2010, Monumentenwacht Limburg, 2010 The Bernardushoeve is a farmhouse build in the early 19th century and currently a restaurant.

It is thought that this was the case during classical Rome, as well: an example of Gaius is quoted in the Digest, and implies so; Sabinus is quoted by Gellius as including such a condition. It is not entirely clear, however. This rule complements the existence of damnum iniuria datum. In a notable example, a man, acting dishonestly, calls a mule-driver to court frivolously, which caused the mules to be lost.

Within days naval divers removed her light AA guns for fitting to other ships and her foremast was used as a navigational warning and datum by her sister ship Arrow whilst she bombarded Goose Green. The wreck is designated as a prohibited area under the Falkland Islands Protection of Wrecks Act.Protection of Wrecks Ordnance 1977 (No. 12) 7 July 1977 (Falkland Islands)Protection of Wrecks (Ardent and Antelope Designation) Order 1983 (No.

For its reference system, KML uses 3D geographic coordinates: longitude, latitude and altitude, in that order, with negative values for west, south and below mean sea level if the altitude data is available. The longitude, latitude components (decimal degrees) are as defined by the World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84). The vertical component (altitude) is measured in meters from the WGS84 EGM96 Geoid vertical datum. If altitude is omitted from a coordinate string, e.g.

Somenos Lake is a small shallow water body located in the Municipality of North Cowichan on Southeast Vancouver Island. Somenos Lake has a maximum area of approximately 247 ac, 100 ha at above geodetic datum. The Lake is relatively shallow with a maximum depth of . Somenos Lake is fed by three major tributary streams: Richards Creek from the North and Northeast, Averill Creek from the Northwest and Bings Creek from the West.

The Port of Greenville is located in the south-eastern region of the country, about 673 kilometers from the Freeport of Monrovia. The harbor is protected by a 400 meter long two quay breakwater on the inner side. There are two berthing facilities 70 and 80 meters long respectively, with existing water depth of 6 meters below chart datum. It was rehabilitated in the early 1980s with funds from the German Development Fund.

By 1895 a fairly substantial red sandstone quarry had developed at the northern end of Coilsholm Wood, known as Montgomerie Quarry after the owners of the Coilsfield or Montgomery Castle estate, linked by a fright branch to the Mauchline to Ayr railway line.OS Ayrshire 028.11 (includes: Stair; Tarbolton). Publication date: 1896. Revised: 1895 This provided local employment and after it ceased to work the quarry flooded and still exists as such (datum 2017).

In biostratigraphy, a local-range zone, topozone or teilzone (German teil = part + Greek zone) is the stratigraphic range of the rock unit between the first and last appearance datum of a particular taxon in a local area. It is a subset of the global biozone for that taxon. For the teilzone data to be meaningful, the local area must be identified. The term was coined in 1914 by German paleontologist and geologist Josef Felix Pompeckj.

She spent the war years in America, where alongside her work for the International Workers Order (Slovak section), she helped Czech refugees emigrate to America by her work in the American Society for Aid to Democrats of Spain, the American Refugee Relief Society and the American Relief Society for Czechoslovakia.Svaz profašistických bojovníků: Potvrzuji příjem členske legitimace. čislo A 35.070 datum: 6.III.1957 Among those she helped escape were Jan Werich and Jiri Voskovec.

Normally used of dummy or declarer's hand: "He crossed to dummy in diamonds." ;Crossruff: A playing technique in trump contracts, where extra tricks are gained by ruffing in both hands alternately. ;Cross-IMP scoring: A form of IMP scoring in pairs tournaments, where each pair's score is determined as an (averaged) sum of differences to all other scores (rather than to a single datum score). Also known as X-Imps or Calcutta.

Here, moreover, begins the longest Linear Park in Rome, which connects the town to the Parco di Monte Ciocci. The location has been chosen as trigonometrical station in the Gauss–Boaga cartographic projection, giving rise to che datum Roma 40. Although it is the highest hill in the modern city of Rome, Monte Mario is not one of the proverbial Seven Hills of Rome, being outside the boundaries of the ancient city.

A plumb bob A plumb bob, or plummet, is a weight, usually with a pointed tip on the bottom, suspended from a string and used as a vertical reference line, or plumb-line. It is a precursor to the spirit level and used to establish a vertical or horizontal datum. The instrument has been used since at least the time of ancient EgyptDenys A. Stocks. Experiments in Egyptian archaeology: stoneworking technology in ncient Egypt.

Reclamation of the 15-hectare site began in 1978. To increase the development potential, the airport height limit on the site was raised from 30.48 metres above principal datum to 60 metres on 7 September 1984. The main architect of the development was Simon Kwan and Associates, while the main contractor was Carson Construction. Heng Fa Chuen was jointly developed by the Mass Transit Railway Corporation and the Heng Fa Chuen Development Company Limited.

On May 19, 1988, the building was listed on the National Register of Historical Places. In 1995, faced with rising maintenance costs, the schoolhouse was donated to the local museum and is now operated as a division of the Sequim Museum & Arts. The original building was 36 feet by 48 feet, and then in 1921 a second wing was constructed. A USGS datum point was placed on the southeast corner of the building in 1929.

It came close to overwhelming Winnipeg's existing flood protection system. At the time, the Winnipeg Floodway was designed to protect against a flow of , but the 1997 flow was . To compensate, the province broke operational rules for the Floodway, as defined in legislation, during the night of April 30 / May 1, to prevent waters in Winnipeg from rising above the designed limit of above the "James Avenue datum", but causing additional flooding upriver.

Retrieved on 14 February 2010. The plane is in the shape of a quasi-geoid. The reference height is a geodetic, fixed point on the New Church of St. Alexander at Wallenhorst in the German state of Lower Saxony. The geopotential height of this point was calculated in 1986 as part of the United European Levelling Network (UELN), based on the Amsterdam Ordnance Datum, which represents the average level of the North Sea.

As a result, there were changes in both the old West German normal orthometric heights (new methods of calculation) and the normal heights of East Germany (with respect to the Amsterdam Datum). The elevations differed — depending on location — by 0.06 to 0.16 metres. As a result of new measurements as part of the changeover, however, variations of 0.59 metres () have surfaced. Older relief maps often show heights above the old reference planes.

The mirror landing aid was invented by Nicholas Goodhart.Fleet Air Arm website - Accessed 21 August 2008 It was tested on the carriers HMS Illustrious and HMS Indomitable before being introduced on British carriers in 1954 and on US carriers in 1955. The mirror landing aid was a gyroscopically-controlled concave mirror on the port side of the flight deck. On either side of the mirror was a line of green coloured "datum lights".

Averaging 7–10 km above datum (Martian "sea" level), Tharsis contains the highest elevations on the planet. Three enormous volcanoes, Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons, and Arsia Mons (collectively known as the Tharsis Montes), sit aligned northeast–southwest along the crest of the bulge. The vast Alba Mons (formerly Alba Patera) occupies the northern part of the region. The huge shield volcano Olympus Mons lies off the main bulge, at the western edge of the province.

The dock was designed by Jesse Hartley and opened in 1836, on the same day as Trafalgar Dock. The dock was named after Princess Victoria, the heir apparent to William IV, and was one of the last opened specifically for sailing ships. Victoria Dock originally had its own river entrance, which was closed in 1846. Between 1844 and 1921, the Ordnance Datum for the British Isles was taken from the level of the Victoria Dock.

In The Concept of a Person and Other Essays (1963), Ayer heavily criticized Wittgenstein's private language argument. Ayer's sense-data theory in Foundations of Empirical Knowledge was famously criticised by fellow Oxonian J. L. Austin in Sense and Sensibilia, a landmark 1950s work of common language philosophy. Ayer responded to this in the essay "Has Austin Refuted the Sense-datum Theory?", which can be found in his Metaphysics and Common Sense (1969).

Rolls-Royce plc supplied eight aeroderivative gas turbines driving centrifugal compressors for front-end gas boosting at the Vyborg (Portovaya) gas compressor station. Dresser-Rand Group supplied DATUM compressors and Siirtec Nigi SPA provided a gas treatment unit for the Portovaya station. For the construction period, Nord Stream AG created a logistic center in Gotland. Other interim stock yards are located in Mukran, in Kotka, in Hanko (Finland) and in Karlskrona (Sweden).

The loch was a natural feature, probably a post-glacial 'Kettle Hole' once of greater extent, fed mainly by the Darley Burn, rainfall, and field drainage. Its existence is recorded in the placename of Lochgreen House. The Darley Burn was diverted away from the site which however remained dominated by reeds willows and at best constituted poor quality grazing. The loch site is fully drained today (datum 2012) however it still floods in winter.

Marinduque is considered as the geographical center of the Philippine archipelago by the Luzon Datum of 1911, the mother of all Philippine geodetic surveys. The province is a "heart-shaped" island with a total land area of , situated between Tayabas Bay in the north and Sibuyan Sea to the south. It is separated from the Bondoc Peninsula in Quezon by the Mompong Pass. West of Marinduque is Tablas Strait, which separates it from Mindoro Island.

More recently there has been an effort to increase the accuracy of the NAD83 datum using technology that was not available in 1983. These efforts are known as "High Accuracy Reference Network" (HARN) or "High Precision GPS Network" (HPGN). In addition, the basic unit of distance used is sometimes feet and sometimes meters. Thus a fully described coordinate system often looks something like: "Washington State Plane North, NAD83 HARN, US Survey feet".

Quote from the instrument of surrender "Hwarföre conjunctim resolverades att En formel Capitulation skall giöras genom Capitainen von Uthfall i dhe Puncter och Propositioner som det Jnstrumentet ad acta uthwijsar och aparto underskrifwes. Datum Carlsteen d. 15 Julii 1719" Danish map of buildings at Koön and Marstrand island after the sinking of the Swedish Gothenburg Squadron in 1719. After two hours, Utfall returned with the document which had been signed by Tordenskjold.

Operand addresses were relative to the datum, and could be modified by one of the accumulators for indexing arrays and similar tasks. A basic three-address instruction took a minimum of 64 μs, a two-address one 48 μs, and any index modifications on the addresses added 16 μs per modified address. Multiplication took from 156 to 172 μs, and division anywhere from 564 to 1,112 μs, although the average time was 574 μs.

The hardware registers were an optional feature, and if not fitted the accumulators were the first eight words of memory. The large number of optional features in the FP6000 design gave ICT great flexibility in pricing. A notable feature of the series was the hardware support for running multiple processes – every process ran in an independent address space, enforced by datum and limit registers. No user process could access the memory of any other process.

Postcard of Starve Goat Island, circa 1912 Starvegoat Island (or Starve Goat Island) was a small island in the Providence River, Providence, Rhode Island. The island also appears as "Sunshine Island" on the 1927 North American datum map produced by the US Army Corps of Engineers 30th Battalion. The island was the southeasternmost point in the city of Providence. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, it was known for its oystering.

Stansbury Park is located on State Route 36 about north of the city of Tooele. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.5 square miles (3.8 km2),The Census Bureau datum lists the geographic area as 1.5 square miles. However, the developed area as of 2014 exceeds 2.1 square miles. of which, 1.3 square miles (3.3 km2) is land and 0.2 square miles (0.5 km2) (12.84%) is water.

Normal elevation of the conservation pool varies from National Geodetic Vertical Datum (NGVD) depending on the time of year. The flood control pool extends to elevation NGVD. The lake has crested the dam's spillway at a height of five times: once in 1957, again in 1990, 2007, May 24, 2015, and most recently on June 18, 2015. (USACE 2003a) The lake's previously highest elevation was recorded on May 6, 1990, at 644.76 feet.

NGS will release new datums in 2022. The North American Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2022 (NATRF2022) will supersede NAD83 in defining the geometric relationship between the North American plate and the ITRF. United States territories on the Pacific, Caribbean, and Mariana plates will have their own respective geodetic datums. The North American-Pacific Geopotential Datum of 2022 (NAPGD2022) will separately define the height system of the United States and its territories, replacing NAVD88.

During the king tides, the local Miami area tide gauge at Virginia Key shows levels running at times or more over datum. Fort Lauderdale has installed over one hundred tidal valves since 2013 to combat flooding. Fort Lauderdale is nicknamed the "Venice of America" due to its roughly of canals. A recent University of Florida study correlated the increased tidal flooding in south Florida, at least from 2011–15 to episodic atmospheric conditions.

Despite the close proximity with similar fossils, Hindeodus is easily determinable and readily separable by its large cusp. The wide distribution, clear derivation, and easy identifiability of Hindeodus makes it the ideal index fossil, which is why the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) has assigned the First Appearance Datum of Hindeodus parvus as the defining biological marker for the start of the Induan, 252.2 ± 0.5 million years ago, the first stage of the Triassic.

Datums are used in geodesy, navigation, and surveying by cartographers and satellite navigation systems to translate positions indicated on maps (paper or digital) to their real position on Earth. Each starts with an ellipsoid (stretched sphere), and then defines latitude, longitude and altitude coordinates. One or more locations on the Earth's surface are chosen as anchor "base-points". The difference in co-ordinates between datums is commonly referred to as datum shift.

In computer science, an integer is a datum of integral data type, a data type that represents some range of mathematical integers. Integral data types may be of different sizes and may or may not be allowed to contain negative values. Integers are commonly represented in a computer as a group of binary digits (bits). The size of the grouping varies so the set of integer sizes available varies between different types of computers.

If an elevation is marked on a map, but there is no physical mark on the ground, it is a spot height. The height of a benchmark is calculated relative to the heights of nearby benchmarks in a network extending from a fundamental benchmark. A fundamental benchmark is a point with a precisely known relationship to the vertical datum of the area, typically mean sea level. The position and height of each benchmark is shown on large-scale maps.

The solution chosen was a trestle bridge. The trackbed was secured to a series of connected bespoke a-frames giving great strength while using a minimal quantity of wood. The entrance and exit points were on a different levels with a smooth gradient required throughout. The construction team used Archimedes' principle and a long clear tube filled with fluid to establish a datum height across any two points on the site so a consistent gradient could be calculated.

10301 (1989) There are few groundwater barriers in the vicinity of the mouth of Naples Creek, a circumstance giving rise to local salt water intrusion. Chlorides exceeding 100 parts per million in groundwater were found in the early 1970s along this part of Half Moon Bay State Beach.State of California Department of Water Resources, 1975 Near the mouth of Naples Creek the banktop elevation varies between an elevation ranging from 30 to 40 feet above mean sea datum.

Four Block III satellites, commonly called KH-12 or Improved Crystal were launched between November 1992 and October 2001. The name "Improved Crystal" refers to the "Improved Metric CRYSTAL System" (IMCS). Metric describes the capability to fix Datum references (markings) in an image relative to the World Geodetic System for mapping purposes. Another improvement was an eightfold increase in the download rate compared to earlier models to facilitate improved real-time access and increased area coverage.

A rod or staff is held vertical on that point and the instrument is used manually or automatically to read the rod scale. This gives the height of the instrument above the starting (backsight) point and allows the height of the instrument (H.I.) above the datum to be computed. The rod is then held on an unknown point and a reading is taken in the same manner, allowing the elevation of the new (foresight) point to be computed.

Elysium Mons is a volcano on Mars located in the volcanic province Elysium, at , in the Martian eastern hemisphere. It stands about above its base, and about above the Martian datum, making it the third tallest Martian mountain in terms of relief and the fourth highest in elevation. Its diameter is about , with a summit caldera about across. It is flanked by the smaller volcanoes Hecates Tholus to the northeast, and Albor Tholus to the southeast.

A small length of the platform remained visible until at least 1997 however nothing remains of the station as it has been totally demolished to make way for a housing scheme that now stands on the site of the station and trackbed, however the Station Road name provides a link with the past. The trackbed to the west has a footpath on it. A section of the old trackbed survives running east towards Morningside (Datum 2018).

The Bryan Mountains are a small mountain range in the northwestern Sonoran Desert of southwestern Arizona. The range is located in southeastern Yuma County, about 75 mi southeast of Yuma and about 35 mi west of Ajo. The range is approximately ten miles long and about three miles wide at its widest point. The highpoint of the range is 1,794 feet (547 meters) above sea level and is located at 32°18'27"N, 113°22'46"W (NAD 1983 datum).

St Andrew's Church, Box Hill village. Box Hill, approximately south-west of central London, stands at the south- eastern corner of the Mole Gap, the valley carved by the River Mole through the North Downs. Its summit, above Ordnance Datum, is the 12th highest in Surrey.Database of British and Irish Hills Retrieved 6 March 2015 The western boundary of the hill is defined by the River Mole, which has cut a steep cliff, exposing the chalk bedrock.

The transmitter site is surrounded by O'Neill Slough, which is part of the San Francisco Bay tidal estuary in a spartina cordgrass area and clapper rail habitat. The site has a history of flooding during storms, and in recent years it is annually flooded during extreme high tide known as king tide, whenever the level of the San Francisco bay reaches approximately +9 feet above MLLW mean lower low water datum at the Redwood City tide station.

The rear of the mirror landing aid of . The datum lamps and the two large "wave off" lamps are clearly visible as are, at the left of the photo, four of the orange lamps projected into the mirror to give the "ball". The first OLS was the mirror landing aid, one of several British inventions made after the Second World War revolutionising the design of aircraft carriers. The others were the steam catapult and the angled flight deck.

Instead of using the sea level, geodesists often prefer to define height from the surface of a reference ellipsoid, see Geodetic system, vertical datum. Defining the height of geographic landmarks becomes a question of reference. For example, the highest mountain by elevation in reference to sea level belongs to Mount Everest, located on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China; however the highest mountain by measurement of apex to base belongs to Mauna Kea in Hawaii, United States.

The grid can be enhanced by visually emphasizing the lines at regular or significant graduations. The emphasized lines are then called major grid lines and the remainder are minor grid lines. The data of a chart can appear in all manner of formats, and may include individual textual labels describing the datum associated with the indicated position in the chart. The data may appear as dots or shapes, connected or unconnected, and in any combination of colors and patterns.

At Porthmadog, the original line came via the streets and across the Britannia bridge from the 1836 terminus at the northernmost end of the Welsh Slate Company's Wharf where the FR officially started. This was the second datum point for all pre-1954 mileage calculations. (the first being in Blaenau Ffestiniog). The line over the bridge also connected with the Gorseddau and Croesor Tramways and was later used by Welsh Highland Railway passenger trains from 1923 to 1936.

Let X : [0, +∞) × Ω → Rn, defined on a probability space (Ω, Σ, P), be a stochastic process. For a point x ∈ Rn, let Px denote the law of X given initial datum X0 = x, and let Ex denote expectation with respect to Px. Then X is said to be a Feller-continuous process if, for any fixed t ≥ 0 and any bounded, continuous and Σ-measurable function g : Rn → R, Ex[g(Xt)] depends continuously upon x.

Available difference in hydraulic head across a hydroelectric dam, before head losses due to turbines, wall friction and turbulence Fluid flows from the tank at the top to the basin at the bottom under the pressure of the hydraulic head. Measuring hydraulic head in an artesian aquifer, where the water level is above the ground surface Hydraulic head or piezometric head is a specific measurement of liquid pressure above a vertical datum., 410 pages. See pp. 43–44.

To apply Chauvenet's criterion, first calculate the mean and standard deviation of the observed data. Based on how much the suspect datum differs from the mean, use the normal distribution function (or a table thereof) to determine the probability that a given data point will be at the value of the suspect data point. Multiply this probability by the number of data points taken. If the result is less than 0.5, the suspicious data point may be discarded, i.e.

Tracking enables the detection of rare, endangered, and elusive species. The science of tracking is utilized in the study of forest carnivores like the Canada Lynx (Felis lynx) and the Wolverine (Gulo gulo). Various measurements of tracks, and/or an animal's paws, and subsequent analyses of the datum, can also reveal important information about animals' physiology and their behavior. For example, measurements of lynx paws demonstrate their support capacity (on snow) to be double that of bobcat.

A weighing machine was present and the stationmaster's house stood between the station and the road.Aberdeenshire XCII.2 (Aboyne and Glen Tanar; Glenmuick, Tullich and Glengairn) Publication date: 1902 Revised: 1900 The station was built with a timber slat exterior and was embellished with angled ends and ornate roof apex tiles as retained to this day (datum 2019). The Gordon Suspension Bridge over the River Dee stands to the west of the old station and the A93.

In 1878 reference heights were taken from the Amsterdam Ordnance Datum and transferred to the New Berlin Observatory in order to define the Normalhöhenpunkt 1879. Normalnull has been defined as a level going through an imaginary point 37.000 m below Normalhöhenpunkt 1879. When the New Berlin Observatory was demolished in 1912 the reference point was moved east to the village of Hoppegarten (now part of the town of Müncheberg, Brandenburg, Germany).S. German: Was ist "Normal- Null"?.

From 2004, he and a partner bought into the Swedish oil company PA Resources, which made good finds in Tunis.Ida Grieg Riisnæs, Heldige Haudemann in Dagens Næringsliv 6 June 2005. In 2006, he established, (via Datum), the gold mining company Wega Mining, which are based in Burkina Faso, which he sold out of in 2012. In 2016, he sold out of the hydrogen company Nel, which he had bought 50 million shares in the year before.

In 1973 Kolmogorov proposed a non-probabilistic approach to statistics and model selection. Let each datum be a finite binary string and a model be a finite set of binary strings. Consider model classes consisting of models of given maximal Kolmogorov complexity. The Kolmogorov structure function of an individual data string expresses the relation between the complexity level constraint on a model class and the least log-cardinality of a model in the class containing the data.

This programme involved control surveys by astronomical fixes, theodolite and chain triangulation and traverse by theodolite and electro-magnetic distance measurement and all aspects of map compilation from aerial photography, final cartography and map printing. The Corps' geodetic surveys were integrated with other Commonwealth and State Government surveys to create the NMC sponsored Australian Geodetic Datum 1966 (AGD66) and the associated Australian Map Grid 1966 (AMG66) of Australia and Papua New Guinea and the Australian Height Datum 1971 (AHD71). By 1968 the Corps had completed its commitment of about half of the 540 series R502 maps and it then embarked on the Defence priority part of the 1965 Cabinet endorsed national programme of general purpose scale 1:100,000 topographic maps. This programme required densification of the national geodetic and height survey networks with mapping quality control surveys of Cape York, Gulf of Carpentaria, northern Northern Territory and north-west Western Australia using mainly airborne electromagnetic distance measurement systems (Aerodist). The Corps completed its commitment of 862 of these maps in 1982.

SRIDs are typically associated with a well-known text (WKT) string definition of the coordinate system (SRTEXT, above). Here are two common coordinate systems with their EPSG SRID value followed by their WKT: UTM, Zone 17N, NAD27 — SRID 2029: PROJCS["NAD27(76) / UTM zone 17N", GEOGCS["NAD27(76)", DATUM["North_American_Datum_1927_1976", SPHEROID["Clarke 1866",6378206.4,294.9786982138982, AUTHORITY["EPSG","7008" , AUTHORITY["EPSG","6608" , PRIMEM["Greenwich",0, AUTHORITY["EPSG","8901" , UNIT["degree",0.01745329251994328, AUTHORITY["EPSG","9122" , AUTHORITY["EPSG","4608" , UNIT["metre",1, AUTHORITY["EPSG","9001" , PROJECTION["Transverse_Mercator"], PARAMETER["latitude_of_origin",0], PARAMETER["central_meridian",-81], PARAMETER["scale_factor",0.9996], PARAMETER["false_easting",500000], PARAMETER["false_northing",0], AUTHORITY["EPSG","2029"], AXIS["Easting",EAST], AXIS["Northing",NORTH WGS84 — SRID 4326 GEOGCS["WGS 84", DATUM["WGS_1984", SPHEROID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563, AUTHORITY["EPSG","7030" , AUTHORITY["EPSG","6326" , PRIMEM["Greenwich",0, AUTHORITY["EPSG","8901" , UNIT["degree",0.01745329251994328, AUTHORITY["EPSG","9122" , AUTHORITY["EPSG","4326" SRID values associated with spatial data can be used to constrain spatial operations — for instance, spatial operations cannot be performed between spatial objects with differing SRIDs in some systems, or trigger coordinate system transformations between spatial objects in others.

Illustration of vertical datums in the United States. NAVD 88 was established in 1991 by the minimum-constraint adjustment of geodetic leveling observations in Canada, the United States, and Mexico. It held fixed the height of the primary tide gauge benchmark (surveying), referenced to the International Great Lakes Datum of 1985 local mean sea level (MSL) height value, at Rimouski, Quebec, Canada. Additional tidal bench mark elevations were not used due to the demonstrated variations in sea surface topography, i.e.

The clay had to be imported, and for this purpose a private branch line was built from the Brecon and Merthyr Tydfil Junction Railway near Torpantau railway station. The contract for the work was given to William Jones of Neath, and the project was completed in 1884. The water level when the reservoir is full is at Above Ordnance Datum, and it holds . The Upper Neuadd Reservoir is rather larger, and was authorised by an Act of Parliament obtained in 1895.

Silver Star Mountain lies in Skamania County, in the U.S. state of Washington. According to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988, it reaches an elevation of , though the Geographic Names Information System database lists its elevation at , and The Columbian gives its height as . The volcano lies in the western segment of the Middle Cascades. It is about north of the western edge of the Columbia River Gorge and is accessible from United States Forest Service roads connected to Washington state highways.

Again, manifold means that locally at any point x of X, the space is homeomorphic to a subset of the real plane. The supplement "Riemann" signifies that X is endowed with an additional structure which allows angle measurement on the manifold, namely an equivalence class of so-called Riemannian metrics. Two such metrics are considered equivalent if the angles they measure are the same. Choosing an equivalence class of metrics on X is the additional datum of the conformal structure.

Ravenglass railway station is the main terminus of the line: the other terminus is Dalegarth for Boot. Ravenglass station is the headquarters of the railway company and houses the railway museum, managerial offices and rolling stock maintenance facilities. There is a turntable at the western extremity of the station's platforms, which doubles as the datum for mileage markers on the line. Ravenglass houses two locomotive sheds, on the southern side of the track, and a carriage shed on the northern side.

GCJ-02 (colloquially Mars Coordinates, officially ) is a geodetic datum formulated by the Chinese State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping (), and based on WGS-84. It uses an obfuscation algorithm which adds apparently random offsets to both the latitude and longitude, with the alleged goal of improving national security. There is a license fee associated with using this mandatory algorithm in China. A marker with GCJ-02 coordinates will be displayed at the correct location on a GCJ-02 map.

The transformation from a reference frame 1 to a reference frame 2 can be described with three translations Δx, Δy, Δz, three rotations Rx, Ry, Rz and a scale parameter μ. The Helmert transformation (named after Friedrich Robert Helmert, 1843-1917) is a transformation method within a three-dimensional space. It is frequently used in geodesy to produce distortion-free transformations from one datum to another. The Helmert transformation is also called a seven-parameter transformation and is a similarity transformation.

Conversely, if a ship is to safely pass under a low bridge or overhead power cable, the mariner must know the minimum clearance between the masthead and the obstruction, which will occur at high tide. Consequently, bridge clearances etc. are given relative to a datum based on high tide, such as Highest Astronomical Tide or Mean High Water Springs. Sea level does not remain constant throughout geological time, and so tidal datums are less useful when studying very long- term processes.

The Port of Buchanan is located some 272 kilometers South-East of Monrovia. It constructed in 1960 by the Liberian-American Swedish Mining Corporation (LAMCO), a joint venture company, to export the iron ore deposits of the Nimba range. The Harbor is protected by two breakwaters, 1890 and 590 long respectively. Inside the basin, a 255 meters long ore loading quay is located adjacent to the deeper section of the harbor basin, providing a water depth of 12.95m below chart datum.

The fact that people have been remarking that shit happens has been attested from 1964, when Carl Werthman quoted an example in his UCB MA thesis; the relevant excerpt was published in The American City (edited by Anselm L. Strauss) in 1968.The datum: "That shit happens all the time." In "The Police as Perceived by Negro Boys", ed. Carl Werthman; in The American City: A Source Book of Urban Imagery, edited by Anselm L. Strauss (Chicago: Aldine, 1968), p. 285\.

Recent editions of these maps (those referenced to the North American datum of 1983, or NAD83) are compatible with USNG, and current editions also contain a standard USNG information box in the collar which identifies the GZD(s) (Grid Zone Designator(s) and the 100 km Grid Square ID(s) covering the area of the particular map. USNG can now be found on various pre-printed and custom-printed maps available for purchase, or generated from various mapping software packages.

The goal of learning in the self-organizing map is to cause different parts of the network to respond similarly to certain input patterns. This is partly motivated by how visual, auditory or other sensory information is handled in separate parts of the cerebral cortex in the human brain. An illustration of the training of a self-organizing map. The blue blob is the distribution of the training data, and the small white disc is the current training datum drawn from that distribution.

The building cannot be entered, but there is a stone base with a description outside. Elevations of Japan are determined with reference to the mean sea level of Tokyo Bay (elevation 0 m). This is called or Tokyo Peil (TP for short, "Tokyo level"), where the word Peil comes from the Dutch language. The stone base monument of the datum has a crystal scale with a 0 which indicates above the mean sea level of Tokyo Bay since October 21, 2011.

Occasionally, either the data or instruction cache does not contain a required datum or instruction. In these cases, the CPU must suspend operation until the cache can be filled with the necessary data, and then must resume execution. The problem of filling the cache with the required data (and potentially writing back to memory the evicted cache line) is not specific to the pipeline organization, and is not discussed here. There are two strategies to handle the suspend/resume problem.

Yallop questions the disappearance of incriminating personal effects, supposedly removed by Cardinal Villot. He thinks John Paul’s slippers and glasses might have been stained with vomit caused by the digitalis poisoning. But Cornwell finds that the Pope's sister took them. His last will was a brief document bequeathing his goods to a Venetian convent. Yallop's one damning datum was a Swiss Guard’s observation of Paul Marcinkus walking near the papal residence at an unusually early hour on the morning of the Pope’s death.

Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services staff member conducts tide station levelling in support of the US Army Corps of Engineers in Richmond, Maine. Levelling (British English) or leveling (American English; see spelling differences) is a branch of surveying, the object of which is to establish or verify or measure the height of specified points relative to a datum. It is widely used in cartography to measure geodetic height, and in construction to measure height differences of construction artifacts.

Isle of Man passenger ship, Lady of Mann, passes behind Poolbeg Lighthouse, 2004 At the seaward end of the wall stands the red-painted Poolbeg Lighthouse, standing in its current form since 1820, having replaced an earlier light-tower, which in turn replaced a 1782 light- ship. The Ordnance Survey, and later Ordnance Survey Ireland, used the low water mark of the spring tide on 8 April 1837 at the lighthouse as the standard height datum for Ireland until 1958.

The ground operating mechanism and controls for the TerraSAR X is developed by the DLR in Oberpfaffenhofen. It consists of Mission Operating Equipment, the Payload Ground Segment and the Instrument Operation and Calibration Segment. At the base of the ground segment lies the German Space Operation Center (GSOC), the German Remote Sensing Datum Center (DFD) as well as Institutes for Methodology of Remote Sensing (MF) and the Institute for High-Frequency Engineering and Radar Systems (HR) which are all part of the DLR.

Topographic rises are domal- shaped areas of high topography that result from both volcanic and tectonic processes. These areas range from 1–4 km above the datum and 1000–3000 km across. These rises are associated with high-density anomalies, which indicate a source from mantle plumes beneath the crust that warp and uplift the region. Of the topographic rises on Venus, three types have been identified based on their dominating tectonic or volcanic morphology: volcano dominated, rift dominated, and corona dominated.

The topography rises from sea level to a height, at Roborough, of about above Ordnance Datum (AOD). Geologically, Plymouth has a mixture of limestone, Devonian slate, granite and Middle Devonian limestone. Plymouth Sound, Shores and Cliffs is a Site of Special Scientific Interest, because of its geology. The bulk of the city is built upon Upper Devonian slates and shales and the headlands at the entrance to Plymouth Sound are formed of Lower Devonian slates, which can withstand the power of the sea.

The original location of the special surveys are shown in maps of Port Phillip District by Russell and Hoddle, drawn in 1841. The regulation was rescinded in August 1841. The Unwin's, Dendy's and especially Elgar's Special Surveys have had a lasting effect on the alignment of Melbourne subdivisions and roads as some boundaries did not conform to the one mile (1.6 km) interval survey Section lines running north–south and east–west referenced from the survey datum at Batman's Hill.

Regional Reference Frame Sub-Commission for Europe (EUREF) is the sub- commission of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), part of the Sub- Commission 1.3 (Regional Reference Frames), under IAG Commission 1 (Reference Frames). EUREF deals with the definition, realization and maintenance of the European Geodetic Reference Frame. The goal of EUREF is to establish a unified geodetic datum (ETRS89) and a consistent network of reference stations (EPN) throughout Europe. EUREF was founded in 1987 at the IUGG General Assembly held in Vancouver.

Historic high water The lake fluctuates from month to month with the highest lake levels in October and November. The normal high-water mark is above datum (577.5 ft or 176.0 m). In the summer of 1986, Lakes Michigan and Huron reached their highest level at above datum.Monthly bulletin of Lake Levels for The Great Lakes; September 2009; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Detroit District The high-water records began in February 1986 and lasted through the year, ending with January 1987.

High Swindridgemuir Farm remains The B-listed 19th-century stables (NS3195649904) form a square with a large quadrangle. The walled garden was unusually large with the southern end running at an acute angle to the east and west parallel walls. This area later contains a tennis court (datum 2012) and a small building or shed occupied a corner of the at the north-east. Several outbuildings and greenhouses were present in the 19th century as well as a probable horse gin.

Nether Haddon is centred on the River Wye north-west of the confluence of the tributary the River Lathkill, which marks part of the southern boundary. While it has no churches, Over Haddon to the west has two churches, a public house, and a car park. The name "Haddon" means "Heath Hill", the "Nether" referring to being below "Over Haddon".White Peak Walks, The Northern Dales, Mark Richards, 1985 Elevations reach 211m above Ordnance Datum, just above headsprings in the north.

Concurrently, the overall demand for recording studios of this kind was also in decline, meaning Studio 2 became no longer economically feasible and was closed.Die Legende ist am Ende – Im Hansa-Studio 2 wird der Ton abgedreht, Oliver Glasenapp in der Berliner Zeitung Nr.196, unbekanntes Datum, unbekannte Seite, ca.1990, Quelle: Meistersaal Privatarchiv However, it went out with a bang as the last production done there was Achtung Baby by U2.Broschüre zur Wiedereröffnung des Meistersaals, Meisel Musikverlag, Berlin, 1.

A data set (or dataset) is a collection of data. In the case of tabular data, a data set corresponds to one or more database tables, where every column of a table represents a particular variable, and each row corresponds to a given record of the data set in question. The data set lists values for each of the variables, such as height and weight of an object, for each member of the data set. Each value is known as a datum.

The gnomonic projection is used for charts intended for plotting of great circle routes. NOAA uses the polyconic projection for some of its charts of the Great Lakes, at both large and small scales.See, for example, NOAA 14860 - Lake Huron 1:500,000 and NOAA 14853 Detroit River 1:15,000. Positions of places shown on the chart can be measured from the longitude and latitude scales on the borders of the chart, relative to a geodetic datum such as WGS 84.

First appearance datum is a term used by geologists and paleontologists to designate the first (oldest) appearance of a species in the geologic record. In other words, FADs represent the geologically oldest fossil of a particular species that has so far been discovered. FADs are frequently used to designate segments in the geologic time scale. For example, the beginning of the Tremadocian Stage of the Ordovician Period is marked by the first appearance (FAD) of the conodont Iapetognathus fluctivagus in the geologic record.

Columbus Tower was a planned high-rise development by Commercial Estates Group approved for construction on a site on the Isle of Dogs, London Borough of Tower Hamlets. The 63-storey, AOD (Above Ordnance Datum) tower would have been located on a 0.36-hectare site at the western end of the north dock at West India Quay. At 2009 projected cost was £450M to build and reaching 237 metres in height, and projected was taller only by 2 m than One Canada Square.

The River Foss in Central York The Foss Barrier was built across the river near its mouth at Castle Mills. When closed, it prevents floodwater from the Ouse forcing the flow of the Foss back on itself. When the Ouse reaches 7.4m above ordnance datum, the staff at the barrier are alerted. When the level reaches 7.8m AOD the barrier is lowered after running pumps for several minutes to clear silt and debris from the river bed to make a watertight fit.

Datum debuted in March 2004. It was founded by author and journalist Klaus Stimeder (aka JM Stim) and Hannes Weyringer, a businessman and financial consultant. Stimeder wanted to create a sophisticated monthly based on the editorial concepts of The New Yorker, German weekly Die Zeit and the weekend supplement of the Süddeutsche Zeitung, providing long articles with background information on contemporary and historical topics. The magazine's first office was based in Stimeder's apartment in a public housing project in Vienna.

RhumbSolve online rhumb line calculator. Depending on which coordinates are used, this headland is west of Point (and about a kilometre to its south).RhumbSolve online rhumb line calculator. Ardnamurchan Point is commonly, but incorrectly, described as the most westerly point on the peninsula. as seen from the Point lighthouse, in a photograph taken at local noon, when the sun lies due south of the location. Using this as a datum, the westerly extension of with respect to Point is clearly seen.

The Unified WGS Solution, as stated above, was a solution for geodetic positions and associated parameters of the gravitational field based on an optimum combination of available data. The WGS 72 ellipsoid parameters, datum shifts and other associated constants were derived separately. For the unified solution, a normal equation matrix was formed based on each of the mentioned data sets. Then, the individual normal equation matrices were combined and the resultant matrix solved to obtain the positions and the parameters.

Map units are distinguished on the basis of topography, texture, and albedo and are ranked in relative age on the basis of superposition and transection relations, density of superposed craters, and sharpness of topography. Because of the lack of a widespread, easily identifiable stratigraphic datum on this part of Mercury, a morphologic classification of crater and basin materials was the basis for determining relative ages of many materials. A photomosaic map of the best available photographs aided greatly in geologic interpretation and mapping.

The concrete formulae above are consequences of a more general mathematical duality called Pontryagin duality. Applied to the group R, it yields the classical Fourier transform; an application in physics are reciprocal lattices, where the underlying group is a finite-dimensional real vector space endowed with the additional datum of a lattice encoding positions of atoms in crystals. Fourier series are used to solve boundary value problems in partial differential equations. In 1822, Fourier first used this technique to solve the heat equation.

But it is plain that this law. with its extensions, was much the most important part of the scheme of remedies. The words damnum iniuria datum mean damage unlawfully caused, but we get the expression actio damni iniuriae. The Lex Aquilia contained, besides a penalty for adstipulatores who fraudulently released the debtor and, perhaps, a vaguely indicated procedure for multa as an alternative, in the case which does concern us, two important provisions for a civil remedy for damage to property.

A U.S. Bureau of Land Management map showing all of the principal meridians and baselines in the U.S. Public Land Survey System In surveying, an initial point is a datum (a specific point on the surface of the earth) that marks the beginning point for a cadastral survey. The initial point establishes a local geographic coordinate system for the surveys that refer to that point. An initial point is defined by the intersection of a principal meridian and a base line.

The normal water level at York is established as Above Ordnance Datum (AOD) and the duty officer is alerted when the River Ouse reaches AOD. After AOD is reached, the barrier is lowered into the Foss. Boats are alerted by way of visible and audible alarms and after the alarm is sounded, the pumps are activated, the silt from the bed is cleared and the barrier can drop into a tight fit. The electrically driven barrier takes 4 minutes to lower into position.

The nearby road was diverted via an overbridge and the single platformed station with signalbox, ticket office, etc. built on its old course. The single track line had a passing loop and a single siding beside a loading dock with a weighing machine present in 1895 and 1906.25 Inch 1906 OS Map Retrieved : 2013-01-13 The original station was rebuilt after a fire in 1880 by the Wigtownshire Railway.RCAHMS Retrieved : 2013-01-13 The stationmaster's house and station building still survive as private dwellings (datum 2013).

In the summer of 1986, Lakes Michigan and Huron reached their highest level during the period during which records have been kept, at above datum.Monthly bulletin of Lake Levels for The Great Lakes; September 2009; US Army Corps of Engineers, Detroit District The high water records began in February 1986 and lasted through the year, ending with January 1987. Water levels ranged from to above Chart Datum. On February 21, 1986, the waters neared the all-time maximum for the period during which records have been kept.

The 24 channels of the input tape were divided into three fields of eight channels. Each accumulator, each set of switches, and the registers associated with the input, output, and arithmetic units were assigned a unique identifying index number. These numbers were represented in binary on the control tape. The first field was the binary index of the result of the operation, the second was the source datum for the operation and the third field was a code for the operation to be performed.

The island viewed from the top of Portsdown Hill Baker's Island is an island in Langstone Harbour, Hampshire, England. It is long and up to wide but only rises to a little over above Ordnance Datum. Mesolithic and Neolithic flintwork has been found on the island along with Bronze Age and Romano- British pottery. There are a number of structures on the island including the remains of a flint walled building and five brick shelters believed to be part of a World War Two starfish decoy site.

A second participant stands well to one side and is tasked with retrieving a pistol and a magazine from a toolbag, which he must assemble and ready for action. This action mimics the terrorist who retrieved his submachine gun from his toolbag and provides a datum against which the shooter must compare his performance. On the signal, the shooter must draw his pistol and engage the five targets, representing the five terrorists, before the participant representing the terrorist retrieves his weapon and readies it for use.

Each pair's result on a board is compared against a "datum" score which is the arithmetic mean of all the results (usually after exclusion of one or more of the top and bottom results), and the difference converted to IMPs. Sometimes, the median is used instead of the mean. ;Bye # A round of an event during which a team or pair is not scheduled to play. # A location ("bye-stand") such as a chair or table, where boards are kept when not in use during an event.

In the event that a study requires the shoreline position from before aerial photographs, or if the location has poor photographic coverage, historical maps provide an alternative. Many errors are associated with early maps and charts. Such errors may be associated with scale, datum changes, distortions from uneven shrinkage, stretching, creases, tears and folds, different surveying standards, different publication standards and projection errors. The severity of these errors depends on the accuracy of the map and the physical changes that occurred after it was made.

The reefs in the waters surrounding the island make it a popular spot for boats fishing for striped bass. The United States Coast Guard maintains a 57-foot (17 m) tall lighted beacon on the island, designated "Roosevelt Island Reef Light 17"; an earlier 23-foot (7 m) tall light had been erected in 1938, and another pair before then. Mean sea level in the East River is sometimes measured in reference to the "Belmont Island Datum", 2.265 feet (0.69 m) below that of Sandy Hook.

Data visualization is the graphic representation of data. It involves producing images that communicate relationships among the represented data to viewers of the images. This communication is achieved through the use of a systematic mapping between graphic marks and data values in the creation of the visualization. This mapping establishes how data values will be represented visually, determining how and to what extent a property of a graphic mark, such as size or color, will change to reflect changes in the value of a datum.

New synagogue Mainz New synagogue Mainz before completion In the foreground remains of the former Main Synagogue from 1912 The new synagogue of Mainz is in use since 2010 as a community center at the location of the former main synagogue on the Hindenburgstraße of Mainz . Due to controversial discussions regarding the street name, the location in the Hindenburgstraße was renamed as Synagogenplatz (Synagogue square).Namensgebung "Synagogenplatz" an historischem Datum: Jahrestag der Befreiung des Vernichtungslagers Auschwitz Pressemitteilung der Stadt Mainz vom 27. Januar 2009, abgerufen am 27.

To ease GPS measurement the new system was slightly shifted to become geocentric (the origin point of the system coincides with the centre of the Earth). It was also designed to be semi-dynamic, to cope better with seismic movement. This system is called the New Zealand Geodetic Datum 2000, and includes the NZ Transverse Mercator projection that topographical maps are published in. These geodetic activities are responsible for the ubiquitous trig stations that reside mostly at the top of many hills throughout New Zealand.

The x-axis intersects the sphere of the earth at 0° latitude (the equator) and 0° longitude (prime meridian in Greenwich). This means that ECEF rotates with the earth, and therefore coordinates of a point fixed on the surface of the earth do not change. Conversion from a WGS84 datum to ECEF can be used as an intermediate step in converting velocities to the north east down coordinate system. Conversions between ECEF and geodetic coordinates (latitude and longitude) are discussed at geographic coordinate conversion.

Thomshill, located south of Elgin in Moray, Scotland, is the site of an excavated rectilinear enclosure that has been interpreted as a possible Roman military camp or fort. The enclosure covers an area of approximately and is situated at a height of above ordnance datum. Alongside similar sites at Boyndie, Balnageith, Easter Galcantray and Tarradale, the possibility that Thomshill represents a Roman fort has been seen as evidence that the Roman Army under Agricola occupied Moray after the Battle of Mons Graupius in AD84.

The ts plane is positioned so that the direction from a collimated X-ray source (2) to the screen (3) matches the positive direction of the t-axis while the s-axis parallels these two features. Henceforth, the angle between the x- and the s-axes will be indicated as θ. That is, parallel beam irradiation optical system where the angle between the object and the transmission beam equals θ. This datum circle (6) will be represents the orbit of the parallel beam irradiation optical system.

Kopeikin organized and chaired three international workshops on the advanced theory and model of the Lunar Laser Ranging experiment. The LLR workshops were held in the International Space Science Institute (Bern, Switzerland) in 2010-2012. Recently, S. Kopeikin has been actively involved in theoretical studies on relativistic geodesy and applications of atomic clocks for high-precision navigation and in geodetic datum. He has provided an exact relativistic definition of geoid, and worked out the post-Newtonian concepts of the Maclaurin spheroid and normal gravity formula.

The estimated elevation of the summit of Mount Whitney has changed over the years. The technology of elevation measurement has become more refined and, more importantly, the vertical coordinate system has changed. The peak was commonly said to be at and this is the elevation stamped on the USGS brass benchmark disk on the summit. An older plaque on the summit (sheet metal with black lettering on white enamel) reads "elevation 14,496.811 feet" but this was estimated using the older vertical datum (NGVD29) from 1929.

The banks at the eastern end of the Musaffah Channel reportedly have "Pleistocene reworked dune deposits, unconformably overlain by Holocene carbonates and sabkha evaporates." The channel's inner reaches are situated approximately inland from the location of the present-day lagoon. The port has a long main quay and two long side quays and covers an area of . The depth of draft is at the port and is linked with the new Musaffah Channel (a channel dredged below the datum) which is about in length.

Colnbrook (with Poyle) is at the eastern end of the borough of Slough and is directly west of the M25 motorway which separates it from Heathrow Airport in the London Borough of Hillingdon in Greater London and the borough of Spelthorne in Surrey. Elevations vary between 22 and 20m Above Ordnance Datum with the Thames at 17m AOD south at Staines which is where the natural rivers generally drain toward. The river is unusual for its regional park (and walk) and seven mouths (distributaries).

Laura Bay is a bay in the Australian state of South Australia on the west coast of Eyre Peninsula located about southeast of Ceduna. Laura Bay is an inlet that opens into the northern end of a larger bay known as Smoky Bay and which is located about north-east of the headland of Cape D’Estrees. Its water depth is less than at chart datum. It is described as: > a small semicircular south facing bay, 1 km wide at the mouth, widening to 2 > km inside.

Three fatalities in the US were blamed on the flood by April 8. Through most of Southern Manitoba, the Red River crest level was below major floods of the past, including those of 1979 and 1950. When the river crested at the James Avenue pumping station in Winnipeg, north of the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine rivers, the measured open-water crest was 19.59 above datum. The high crest at the James Avenue pumping station was attributed largely to flooding of the Assiniboine River.

A variety of stepper motors Stepper motors are a form of electric motor that has the ability to move in discrete steps of a fixed size. This can be used either to produce continuous rotation at a controlled speed or to move by a controlled angular amount. If the stepper is combined with either a position encoder or at least a single datum sensor at the zero position, it is possible to move the motor to any angular position and so to act as a rotary actuator.

The Molodensky transformation converts directly between geodetic coordinate systems of different datums without the intermediate step of converting to geocentric coordinates (ECEF). It requires the three shifts between the datum centers and the differences between the reference ellipsoid semi-major axes and flattening parameters. The Molodensky transform is used by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) in their standard TR8350.2 and the NGA supported GEOTRANS program. The Molodensky method was popular before the advent of modern computers and the method is part of many geodetic programs.

Datum transformations through the use of empirical multiple regression methods were created to achieve higher accuracy results over small geographic regions than the standard Molodensky transformations. MRE transforms are used to transform local datums over continent-sized or smaller regions to global datums, such as WGS 84. The standard NIMA TM 8350.2, Appendix D, lists MRE transforms from several local datums to WGS 84, with accuracies of about 2 meters. The MREs are a direct transformation of geodetic coordinates with no intermediate ECEF step.

These are used for surveying and other organisations can purchase the right to utilise the network for their own uses. Ordnance Survey still maintains a set of master geodetic reference points to tie the Ordnance Survey geographic datum points to modern measurement systems such as GPS. Ordnance Survey maps of Great Britain use the Ordnance Survey National Grid rather than latitude and longitude to indicate position. The Grid is known technically as OSGB36 (Ordnance Survey Great Britain 1936) and was introduced after the 1936–1953 retriangulation.

Haec vero mandamus atque edicimus, decernentes praesentes Litteras firmas, validas atque efficaces semper exstare ac permanere, suosque plenos atque integros effectus sortiri atque obtinere; illisque ad quos pertinent, sive pertinere poterunt, nunc et in posterum perpetuo suffragari; sicque rite iudicandum esse ac definiendum; irritumque ex nunc et inane fieri, si quidquam secus super his, a quovis, auctoritate qualibet, scienter sive ignoranter attentari contigerit. Contrariis non obstantibus quibuslibet. Datum Romae apud Sanctum Petrum, sub anulo Piscatoris, die VIII mensis Septembris anno MDCCCCXXX, Pontificatus Nostri nono. E. CARD.

SDXF (Structured Data eXchange Format) is a data serialization format defined by RFC 3072. It allows arbitrary structured data of different types to be assembled in one file for exchanging between arbitrary computers. The ability to arbitrarily serialize data into a self-describing format is reminiscent of XML, but SDXF is not a text format (as XML) — SDXF is not compatible with text editors. The maximal length of a datum (composite as well as elementary) encoded using SDXF is 16777215 bytes (one less than 16 MiB).

In 1920, he became assistant chief of the Division of Tides and Currents, a post he held until his retirement. He returned to Rutgers to earn a master's degree, which he received in 1931. During his long career, Marmer gained international recognition as an expert on tides, currents, tidal datum planes, and related oceanographic subjects. He established tide stations in the United States, in South America, and on the islands of the Pacific Ocean, taking particular pride in the ones at the Strait of Magellan and Guadalcanal.

The pan-British total is . Whilst generally they are trunk roads, several motorways are the responsibility of local authorities, for example the M275. Since 2008, location marker posts have appeared on motorways and major A roads in England, situated generally at intervals of 500 metres (though the units are not given). These repeat the information given on the co-sited surveyors' marker post which, since the 1960s, have reported distances on such roads in kilometres from a datum—usually the start of the road, or the planned start-point of the road.

HGRS87 specifies a non- geocentric datum that is tied to the coordinates of the key geodetic station at the Dionysos Satellite Observatory (DSO) northeast of Athens (). The central pedestal (CP) at this location has by definition HGRS87 coordinates 38° 4' 33.8000" N - 23° 55' 51.0000"E, N = +7 m. Although HGRS87 uses the GRS80 ellipsoid, the origin is shifted relative to the GRS80 geocenter, so that the ellipsoidal surface is best for Greece. The specified offsets relative to WGS84 (WGS84-HGRS87) are: Δx = -199.87 m, Δy = 74.79 m, Δz = 246.62 m.

The Oxford transmitting station (sometimes known as the Beckley transmitter) is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility, situated on land above Ordnance Datum (mean sea level) to the north east of the city of Oxford, in Oxfordshire, England (). It has a guyed steel lattice mast which is in height to the top of the main steel structure. The UHF television antenna, which consist of a vertical array of transmitting panels, is mounted above the steel structure. The total height of the mast to the top of this UHF antenna is .

How To Change the Screen Refresh Rate of Your Monitor in Windows XP Non-raster displays may not have a characteristic refresh rate. Vector displays, for instance, do not trace the entire screen, only the actual lines comprising the displayed image, so refresh speed may differ by the size and complexity of the image data. For computer programs or telemetry, the term is sometimes applied to how frequently a datum is updated with a new external value from another source (for example; a shared public spreadsheet or hardware feed).

The easiest way this may be calculated is by selecting a location and calculating the mean sea level at that point and use it as a datum. For example, a period of 19 years of hourly level observations may be averaged and used to determine the mean sea level at some measurement point. Still-water level or still-water sea level (SWL) is the level of the sea with motions such as wind waves averaged out. Then MSL implies the SWL further averaged over a period of time such that changes due to, e.g.

The alternative is to use a geoid-based vertical datum such as NAVD88 and the global EGM96 (part of WGS84). When referring to geographic features such as mountains on a topographic map, variations in elevation are shown by contour lines. The elevation of a mountain denotes the highest point or summit and is typically illustrated as a small circle on a topographic map with the AMSL height shown in metres, feet or both. In the rare case that a location is below sea level, the elevation AMSL is negative.

On a nautical chart, the denotation for each Line of Position from a receiver, relative to axis and color, can be found at the bottom of the chart. The color on official charts for stations and the timed-lines of position follow no specific conformance for the purpose of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO). However, local chart producers may color these in a specific conformance to their standard. Always consult the chart notes, administrations Chart1 reference, and information given on the chart for the most accurate information regarding surveys, datum, and reliability.

The North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83), which replaced the NAD27, is defined in metres. State Plane Coordinate Systems were then updated, but the National Geodetic Survey left individual states to decide which (if any) definition of the foot they would use. All State Plane Coordinate Systems are defined in metres, and 42 of the 50 states only use the metre-based State Plane Coordinate Systems. However, eight states also have State Plane Coordinate Systems defined in feet, seven of them in U.S. Survey feet and one in international feet.

She believed this word was an indigenous word meaning "establishment of peace". Professor Harvey Markowitz verified "Odakota" is a Dakota variant of Lakota words "olakota" and "wolakota", which carry the meaning of "friendship" or "alliance" or "peaceful relationship". In May 2019, a professional surveyor found the mountain's highest point to be 7,197.70 feet above sea level on the North American Vertical Datum (NAVD88) by taking precise GNSS measurements. The highest point and surrounding area is a flat area in the trees a short distance west of an outcropping of limestone which is slightly lower.

Galilaei has a highly degraded rim and lacks recognizable ejecta. The crater is 137 km (85 mi) in diameter and has a relatively flat floor that lies 3 km below the martian elevation datum. The crater is in a low-lying part of Mars where there are many channels, chaos zones, and craters with outlet channels that provide evidence for climate variability and surface flooding. The crater has an outlet channel named Tana Vallis, which shows that Galilaei once contained a crater lake that overtopped its rim, producing an overland flood.

He resigned from the House of Commons in 1920 in the wake of a bitter dispute within the miners' unions. Brace was criticised over his failure to support the "Datum Line" strike while he was equally critical of the "wild" union leaders who were determined to bring about conflict in the coalfields. He decided he could better serve the interests of the coal miners by taking up the position of Labour Advisor to the Ministry of Mines. His brother George Brace borrowed money from him and other family members to form Brace's Bakery.

Jubb Yussef is located near Kibbutz Amiad in the Galilee, altitude 246 meters, at the western side of a rocky hill (datum point 2006.2583). It consists of a dug-out pit with a diameter of one meter and depth of about four meters, roofed by a cupola supported by four pillars and surrounded by ancient graves. The site served as a crossroads on the Via Maris linking Egypt (Cairo), Syria (Damascus), and Mesopotamia. From the 10th century onward, it is mentioned as a landmark, a holy place, and a source of water for caravans.

They took the water supply, sewerage and sewage disposal activities into the privatised companies. The remaining duties remained with the newly created National Rivers Authority.Nottingham University: Trent River Authority and Predecessors NRA rivet Bench Mark (flood level datum) The assets and the staff of the RWAs were divided up at privatisation between the new water companies and the NRA. However, all the assets relating to water supply reservoirs were transferred to the newly created private water companies, even in those cases where there were strong recreational and fisheries interests in the reservoirs.

C point is the rear-most measuring point and anchorage point for lifting and lining chords. Depending on type of chord system C point will be either wire anchor with a tensioning cylinder or a photoelectric light receiver. All three points are individual rail trolleys able to freely move up, down, left and right independent of the machine chassis and hence follow any minor fluctuation in rail position. When working, the machine uses pneumatic cylinders to lightly push these trolleys into the selected datum rail both vertically and horizontally.

A bench mark is a point, at a known elevation above or below an adopted datum, marked on a durable object. Bench marks such as an upward-pointing broad arrow symbol (used to denote a government survey from 1852) could be chiselled on a rock - as was the case at Bessie Point. Alternatively, metal disks could be attached to a rock, or to a concrete block. Often a horizontal line was cut, balanced on the point of the arrow, although only an arrow was cut at Bessie Point.

Pendlebury is situated on a ridge overlooking the lower Irwell Valley, almost midway between Manchester and Bolton and is neighboured by Irlams o' th' Height, Pendleton and Clifton. Much of the boundary between Pendlebury and Clifton is defined by Slack Brook which was culverted many years ago after the area was used for landfill. Slack Brook eventually empties into the Irwell a short distance upstream from Agecroft Road Bridge (A6044). The surface of the land slopes generally upwards from southwest (Swinton) to northeast (Irwell Valley), from about to nearly above the ordnance datum.

At ordnance datum (OD), the mean height above sea level, Dunkery Beacon is the highest natural point in Somerset, although the tip of the Mendip TV Mast is higher at OD. Dunkery is ranked 23rd in the UK in terms of dominance and is a Marilyn, meaning that it is a peak with or more of relative height. The nearest higher hill is Yes Tor, away. John Fry, a character in R. D. Blackmore's 1869 novel Lorna Doone, calls it the "haighest place of Hexmoor". Dunkery lies just from the Bristol Channel at Porlock.

Today, a new technology allows to improve the Autocollimation instrument to allow direct measurements of incoming laser beams. This new capability opens a gate of inter-alignment between optics, mirrors and lasers. This technology fusion between a century-old technology of Autocollimation with recent laser technology offers a very versatile instrument capable of measurement of inter-alignment between multiple line of sights, laser in respect to mechanical datum, alignment of laser cavity, measurement of multiple rollers parallelism in roll to roll machinery, laser divergence angle and its spatial stability and many more inter-alignment applications.

The river level was then maintained at above ordnance datum, and the river was dredged to provide at least of water up to Bawtry. This resulted in significantly less weed growing, which had previously hindered summer cruises. With the passing of the Water Act 1989 responsibility for rivers, including the Idle, passed to the National Rivers Authority. Their Recreation Officer stated in 1990 that there was no public right of navigation on the Idle, although the Retford and Worksop Boat Club were allowed to cruise on it once a year.

They carried out some dredging of the river, and maintained the river level some above ordnance datum. In 1963, the sluice at Misterton Soss was abandoned. The south wall and floor of the lock were removed, and the river level was allowed to run down to the level of low water in the Trent, making navigation difficult. It has been stated that navigation rights on the river ceased with the passing of the Trent River Authority (General Powers) Act of 1972, but the situation is a little more complex.

This mental representation does not tell us anything about the stick's true properties, which remain inaccessible to us. With this being the case, however, how can we be said to be certain of the stick's initial straightness? If all we perceive is sense-data then the stick's apparent initial straightness is just as likely to be false as its half- submerged bent appearance. Therefore, the argument runs, we can never gain any knowledge about the stick, as we only ever perceive a sense-datum, and not the stick itself.

The missing datum required to fix the location is longitude: "Manifestly we cannot rely upon the longitude.". Pytheas crossed the waters northward from Berrice, in the north of the British Isles, but whether to starboard, larboard, or straight ahead is not known. From the time of the Roman Empire all the possibilities were suggested repeatedly by each generation of writers: Iceland, Shetland, the Faroe Islands, Norway and later Greenland. A manuscript variant of a name in Pliny has abetted the Iceland theory: Nerigon instead of Berrice, which sounds like Norway.

Dunearn is a hill fort located south south east of Nairn in Highland, Scotland. It is situated on a steep-sided hill called Doune rising to approximately above ordnance datum just south of Dulsie Bridge (which provides a modern crossing of the River Findhorn) in the parish of Ardclach."Dunearn". Canmore. Retrieved 27 May 2018. The site commands uninterrupted views in all directions of the valley of the Findhorn including towards the pass of Streens in the west, which leads to upper Strath Dearn.“Dunearn“ Ancient Monuments, quoting Historic Scotland.

The length specification "S" is a basic dimension (or a datum reference) for the computation of the dimensions of firearms cartridges and chambers. It designates the distance between the breech contact surface and the apex of the junction cone. When the length values for the peak of the junction cone measure of the cartridge and the chamber are compared it becomes clear that these values do not always agree. A precondition for such a comparison is that the shoulder angles are identical, since otherwise shifts will occur, which are not recognizable at first glance.

By the mid-1920s, it was realized that the coordinate system needed to be adjusted. From 1927 to 1932, the approximately 25,000 existing control locations were recalculated and a new coordinate system developed, known as NAD27. The new system continued to use the 1901 coordinates of Meades Ranch as its horizontal datum, and the Clarke spheroid as its model for the Earth's surface. However, it now defined horizontal directions in terms of 175 Laplace azimuths, which use astronomical azimuths corrected for the difference between the astronomic and geodetic meridians.

4) Order 2002 (S 305/2002), which came into effect on 27 June 2002, Pedra Branca was declared a "protected area" within the meaning of the . In the Schedule to the Order, it was described as "[t]he island occupied by 'PORT OF SINGAPORE (HORSBURGH LIGHTHOUSE)' containing an area of approximately 8,650 square metres. The easternmost point is approximately along the bearing 73° 51′ for 97 metres from the centre of the lighthouse, Latitude 1° 19′ 48.8″ N and Longitude 104° 21′ 20.6″ E (WGS 84 datum) approximately".

In a unidirectional broadcast environment, the receiver is unable to request the retransmission of any data that was missed or received incorrectly. Repeated retransmission of data allows the receiver to cope with random tuning to a channel at an unpredictable time, for instance as the user changes a channel. The carousel cycle period generally determines the maximum time required for a receiver to acquire an application or specific datum. It is possible to reduce the access time for commonly used files by broadcasting some data more often than others.

This guaranteed predictable annual income. When the patents on the original technology lapsed in the early 1980s, new receivers were quickly built by a number of companies. In particular, Aktieselskabet Dansk Philips ('Danish Philips', ap) introduced receivers that could be purchased outright, and were much smaller and easier to use than the current Decca counterparts. The "ap" versions directly output the longitude and latitude to two decimals (originally in datum ED50 only) instead of using the "deco meter" displays, offering accuracy better than ±9.3 m, much better than the Decca units.

The word die comes from Old French dé; from Latin datum "something which is given or played". While the terms ace, deuce, trey, cater, cinque and sice are generally obsolete, with the names of the numbers preferred, they are still used by some professional gamblers to designate different sides of the dice. Ace is from the Latin as, meaning "a unit"; the others are 2 to 6 in Old French. The term "snake eyes" is the outcome of rolling the dice and getting only one pip on each die.

In 1983, HMAS Moresby, a Royal Australian Navy survey ship, surveyed the area where Muirfield was damaged, and charted in detail a previously unsuspected hazard to navigation, the Muirfield Seamount. The dramatic accidental discovery of the Muirfield Seamount is often cited as an example of limitations in the vertical geodetic datum accuracy of some offshore areas as represented on nautical charts, especially on small-scale charts. A similar incident involving a passenger ship occurred in 1992 when the Cunard liner Queen Elizabeth 2 struck a submerged rock off Block Island in the Atlantic Ocean.British Admiralty.

The Lough Neagh catchment drains 43% of the landmass of Northern Ireland, as well as some border areas in the Republic of Ireland, all in Ulster. The Rivers Agency manages the water level in the lough using a barrage at Toome. The current drainage scheme was engineered by Major Percy Shepherd and was enabled by the Lough Neagh and Lower Bann Drainage and Navigation Act (Northern Ireland) 1955. The levels are regulated between 12.45 metres to 12.6 metres above Ordnance Datum, as defined in the Lough Neagh (Levels) Scheme 1955 (as amended).

The Nieuwe Waterweg gives the Port of Rotterdam its deep-water access to the North Sea. From Hook of Holland it stretches for approximately where the waterway continues as the Nieuwe Maas. The very first Nieuwe Waterweg—a breach through the dunes at Hook of Holland—was only long, but in around 1877 the channel was made much larger and wider and the current Nieuwe Waterweg was created. Currently the width of the channel is between and it is dredged to a depth of below Amsterdam Ordnance Datum.

The corridor formed by the road from Spalding to Long Sutton has been a centre for occupation since at least Roman times. There is evidence of intensive occupation to the south of Whaplode and Holbeach, on land which is today between above Ordnance Datum, but which may have been relatively higher compared to the spring tide level in the Roman period. This corridor was protected by banks believed to have been constructed during the Roman occupation. That to the north was the Roman Bank, and protected the area from the sea.

System, pg. 8 The core memory was backed by one or two magnetic drums with 16k words each.System, pg. 18 Various offline input/output included magnetic disks, tape drives, punched cards, punched tape and printers. Most of the Orion's instruction set used a three- address form, with sixty-four 48-bit accumulators. Each program had its own private accumulator set which were the first 64 registers of its address space, which was a reserved contiguous subset of the physical store, defined by the contents of a "datum" relocation register.

In an ideal case, the joining of a bathymetric chart and topographic map of the same scale and projection of the same geographic area would be seamless. The only difference would be that the values begin increasing after crossing the zero at the designated sea level datum. Thus the topographic map's mountains have the greatest values while the bathymetric chart's greatest depths have the greatest values. Simply put, the bathymetric chart is intended to show the land if overlying waters were removed in exactly the same manner as the topographic map.

In October 2008, a GPS with WAAS recorded the summit at 27°59.751'N, 86°49.705'E (datum: WGS84) with an elevation of , confirming the 2006 data. It is possible that since Kala Patthar is merely a minor summit on a ridge leading to Pumori, different people may have measured different summits. There is a minor summit along this ridge near 27°59.51'N, 86°49.62'E with an elevation of approximately . The summit traditionally referred to as Kala Patthar is, however, completely festooned with prayer flags, making it quite readily recognizable.

In geodesy, conversion among different geographic coordinate systems is made necessary by the different geographic coordinate systems in use across the world and over time. Coordinate conversion is composed of a number of different types of conversion: format change of geographic coordinates, conversion of coordinate systems, or transformation to different geodetic datums. Geographic coordinate conversion has applications in cartography, surveying, navigation and geographic information systems. In geodesy, geographic coordinate conversion is defined as translation among different coordinate formats or map projections all referenced to the same geodetic datum.

30 A key philosophical method is heterophenomenology, in which the verbal or written reports of subjects are treated as akin to a theorist's fiction—the subject's report is not questioned, but it is not assumed to be an incorrigible report about that subject's inner state. This approach allows the reports of the subject to be a datum in psychological research, thus circumventing the limits of classical behaviorism. Dennett says that only a theory that explained conscious events in terms of unconscious events could explain consciousness at all: "To explain is to explain away".

If the inspection method and instruments are considered and selected at the design stage, the likelihood that a tolerance feature cannot be inspected or requires a specialised instrument is substantially reduced. High precision features require specialised manufacturing and metrology, these can have limited availability in the supply chain and therefore often have increased cost.Hitchens Carl (2014) Guide to Engineering Metrology The concept of DFI should complement and work in collaboration with DFM and DFA. There are three key areas when considering DFI, datum selection, tolerances and accessibility, plus general metrology considerations.

For the Coast and Geodetic Survey, Marmer wrote Tides and Currents in New York Harbor, Coastal Currents along the Pacific Coast of the United States, Tidal Datum Planes, and Chart Datums. He also wrote numerous articles on tides, currents, and general oceanography in various journals and magazines in the United States and other countries. He was the author of two books, The Tide and The Sea, which became standard texts on their subjects. His publications were considered so authoritative that the United States Supreme Court used them in cases involving riparian rights.

Damnum iniuria datum can be considered wrongful damage to property. The law of the Empire on this topic is mainly based on the Lex Aquilia, of which the date is uncertain, but earlier than the introduction of the contract of mandate. It does not seem that, as the Institutes rather suggest, and the Digest actually says, it superseded earlier provisions as matter of law, but it was of overwhelming practical importance and seems to have swamped them. On the other hand there was praetorian legislation on the matter, apart from extensions of this statute.

A weighted average is an average that has multiplying factors to give different weights to data at different positions in the sample window. Mathematically, the weighted moving average is the convolution of the datum points with a fixed weighting function. One application is removing pixelisation from a digital graphical image. In technical analysis of financial data, a weighted moving average (WMA) has the specific meaning of weights that decrease in arithmetical progression. In an n-day WMA the latest day has weight n, the second latest n − 1, etc.

At the suggestion of John Shaw Billings, Hollerith developed a mechanism using electrical connections to increment a counter, recording information. A key idea was that a datum could be recorded by the presence or absence of a hole at a specific location on a card. For example, if a specific hole location indicates marital status, then a hole there can indicate married while not having a hole indicates single. Hollerith determined that data in specified locations on a card, arranged in rows and columns, could be counted or sorted electromechanically.

The highest point in the civil parish is Steep Down at above Ordnance Datum (sea level). In the western part of the parish of Sompting lies the Sompting Gap, a protected area that lies between Sompting and Worthing. This area was formerly an inlet of the sea and it is here that the Broadwater Brook (also known as Sompting Brook) flows into Brooklands Park and on into the sea. Some of the reedbeds in the Sompting Gap at Lower Cokeham have been designated a Site of Nature Conservation Importance.

High Rock Lake is a reservoir located on the Yadkin River in central North Carolina in the counties of Davidson and Rowan. Built in 1926-27 by the Tallassee Power Company, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Aluminum Company of America (Alcoa), the lake is the northernmost of a series of four hydroelectric projects designed at the time to support the company’s Badin Works, a large aluminum smelting operation located 16 miles downstream in the community of Badin. After the permanent closing of the Badin Works in 2007, Alcoa continued to operate its Yadkin hydroelectric facilities until selling them to Cube Hydro Carolinas in 2016. At the time of construction, High Rock was the largest reservoir in North Carolina and one of the largest in the United States. When full, its surface covers 15,180 acres (61 km2) with 360 miles (579 km) of shoreline and is 59 feet (18 m) deep at the dam. Normal pool elevation is 624 feet above sea levelUSGS datum (655’ 1926 Alcoa datum). Upstream, the Yadkin River drains 4341 square miles (10,290 km2) of the land area of North Carolina’s northwest piedmont. The dam was built in a small gorge formed where the river cuts through a major ridge of the Uwharrie Mountains.

A Bill was introduced into Parliament for the new line from Cinderford Bridge, passing through two tunnels, and touching the village of Blakeney on the way to Brimspill. However the Bill was thrown out for failing to comply with standing orders; some buildings had been omitted from the plans and there was a discrepancy in the datum levels. The chairman, Protheroe, immediately wrote to Stephenson, but he was abroad and George Parker Bidder replied. Bidder could only plead the difficulty of complying with the new and complicated standing orders, and dismissed a 12 feet inaccuracy in a level as "purely clerical ... not significant".

Situated on the first hill on the western edge of the Wolds, there is an uninterrupted view from the village to Lincoln Cathedral, across the Central Lincolnshire Vale between the Wolds and the Lincolnshire Edge. The village is on a small rise 100m above ordnance datum (AOD) towards the south west of the parish. A valley (75m AOD) separates it from the hill running north–south to the east of the parish, along which the High Street runs (135m AOD). Continuing east, the other side of the High Street, is the glacial valley of the River Bain (69m AOD).

The Lau event started at the beginning of the late Ludfordian, a subdivision of the Ludlow stage, about . Its strata are best exposed in Gotland, Sweden, taking its name from the parish of Lau. Its base is set at the first extinction datum, in the Eke beds, and despite a scarcity of data, it is apparent that most major groups suffered an increase in extinction rate during the event; major changes are observed worldwide at correlated rocks, with a "crisis" observed in populations of conodonts and graptolites. More precisely, conodonts suffered in the Lau event, and graptolites in the subsequent isotopic excursion.

It consists of a series of small ponds and weirs, and at the south-western corner of the rectangle, the Wish Stream enters the Lower Lake. The surface is above ordnance datum, and it covers an area of . There is another lake to the east, known as the Upper Lake with an area of , which collects water from three drains at the far end, and has an overflow which feeds into the Lower Lake. The outflow from the Lower Lake is crossed by Yorktown Bridge, and is punctuated by a series of weirs as it continues its descent to the Blackwater.

Thereafter, when he visited the Pondicherry Museum and saw more of the findings from the Arikamedu site, he was impressed and thought that he had found the links between the Classical Mediterranean and Ancient India. Soon thereafter in 1945, the penultimate year of World War II, he mounted excavations in a scientific manner. He was looking for an archaeological site in India that could establish its cultural link, a datum of the Indian antiquities to the Greco-Roman period, and this quest led him to the Arikamedu site. These excavations also involved Indian archaeologists, who were trained on the site.

The upper levels of Moelwyn Quarry were at above ordnance datum (AOD), while Pant Mawr was around AOD. The integrity of the Moelwyn Quarry was ensured by making underground connections to it, and aligning the Pant Mawr chambers and pillars with those of the quarry above. The numbering sequence for the levels in the Moelwyn Quarry was continued downwards through the Pant Mawr Quarry. When first opened, there was no railway connection to the Croesor valley, and slates were transported to the Ffestiniog Railway at Penrhyndeudraeth by pack animals, using a route along Cwm Maesgwyn, which was also used by the Moelwyn quarry.

The deflection of the vertical has a north-south component ξ (xi) and an east-west component η (eta). The value of ξ is the difference between the astronomic latitude minus the geodetic latitude (taking north latitudes to be positive and south latitudes to be negative); the latter is usually calculated by geodetic network coordinates. The value of η is the astronomic longitude minus the longitude (taking east longitudes to be positive and west longitudes to be negative). When a new mapping datum replaces the old, with new geodetic latitudes and longitudes on a new ellipsoid, the calculated vertical deflections will change too.

Because species of aetosaurs typically have restricted fossil ranges and are abundant in the strata they are found in, they are useful in biochronology. Osteoderms are the most common remains associated with aetosaurs, so a single identifiable scute can accurately date the layer it is found in. One aetosaur, Typothorax coccinarum, has been used to define the Revueltian land vertebrate faunachron. A land vertebrate faunachron (LVF) is a time interval that is defined by the first appearance datum (FAD), or first occurrence, of a tetrapod index fossil and is commonly used to date Late Triassic and Early Jurassic terrestrial strata.

The Great Lakes Waterway enables travel by water between the lakes. The Great Lakes are the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth by total area, and second-largest by total volume, containing 21% of the world's surface fresh water by volume. The total surface is , and the total volume (measured at the low water datum) is , slightly less than the volume of Lake Baikal (, 22–23% of the world's surface fresh water). Due to their sea-like characteristics (rolling waves, sustained winds, strong currents, great depths, and distant horizons) the five Great Lakes have long been called inland seas.

Originally following the stock-route bearing north out of the settlement of Melbourne in the 1830s, the "Sydney road" that wound through what is now Princes Park was aligned in about 1852 along the north-south datum line established by surveyor Robert Hoddle.For an early references to this road, see, for example, "Accidents", The Argus, 25 December 1850, p. 2. With the founding of the University of Melbourne in the 1850s, the roads of Parkville became more formalised, but the road's poor state of repair was a constant concern,See Legislative Assembly debate, 29 Jan. 1857, The Argus, 30 Jan.

This slope is a middle part of the Chipstead Bottom Valley which descends to only 85m Above Ordnance Datum draining as a dry valley to the north-east. The large gentle slope is half of the major crevice into the widest part of the North Downs which the north of the borough spans. Geologically revealing the sea creatures hidden in the chalk and limestone range, south is the 8 km-long, narrow due-south slope of the North Downs by the M25 motorway, at Betchworth Quarries and Box Hill scaling 80m to 120m from top to bottom, in less than 250m.

The longest underline bridge is Collins Bridge, with a span of approximately . The summit of the line is above Ordnance Datum, located between Hull Road and Taylor Road, Lydd-on–Sea.Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer sheet 125 and The Marshlander, issue 90 (Spring 1990) p10 The ruling gradient is 1 in 75 at the Dungeness end of New Romney Station rising from the Littlestone Road Tunnels.The Marshlander, issue 90 (Spring 1990) p10 The tightest curve measures radius and is at the Hythe end of 'The Deviation', a dogleg section of track at Pennypot on the outskirts of Hythe.

With this formal blessing, the Templars became a favoured charity throughout Christendom, receiving money, land, businesses, and noble-born sons from families who were eager to help with the fight in the Holy Land. Another major benefit came in 1139, when Pope Innocent II's papal bull Omne Datum Optimum exempted the order from obedience to local laws. This ruling meant that the Templars could pass freely through all borders, were not required to pay any taxes, and were exempt from all authority except that of the pope. With its clear mission and ample resources, the order grew rapidly.

Differences in hydraulic head (h) cause water to move from one place to another; water flows from locations of high h to locations of low h. Hydraulic head is composed of pressure head (ψ) and elevation head (z). The head gradient is the change in hydraulic head per length of flowpath, and appears in Darcy's law as being proportional to the discharge. Hydraulic head is a directly measurable property that can take on any value (because of the arbitrary datum involved in the z term); ψ can be measured with a pressure transducer (this value can be negative, e.g.

Bad weather led to the attack on Hill 70 being postponed from late July until mid- August. In the interim, special companies of the Royal Engineers augmented the regular level of bombardment by firing drums from Livens projectors and shells into Lens by 15 August. The artillery neutralized of an estimated batteries in the area by zero hour, partly using the technique of predicted fire using datum points and calibrated guns for the first time, which greatly improved the accuracy of the artillery. Troops were rotated through the reserve area to conduct training and rehearsals in preparation for the assault.

Most incremental, linear encoders can produce an index or reference mark pulse providing a datum position along the scale for use at power-up or following a loss of power. This index signal must be able to identify position within one, unique period of the scale. The reference mark may comprise a single feature on the scale, an autocorrelator pattern (typically a Barker code) or a chirp pattern. Distance coded reference marks (DCRM) are placed onto the scale in a unique pattern allowing a minimal movement (typically moving past two reference marks) to define the readhead's position.

North Binness Island at high tide in July 2005 North Binness Island is an island in Langstone Harbour It is long and up to wide but only rises to above Ordnance Datum The island was originally (along with a large part of Farlington Marshes) part of Binner's Island. The island has been uninhabited in recent times but there is evidence of historical occupation. A long earthwork on the island has been suggested to date from the 18th century. There is also archaeological evidence that suggests the island was occupied during the Bronze Age and the Roman period.

Dun Evan or the Doune of Cawdor is a hill fort located south west of Cawdor in the Highland area of Scotland. It is situated on a rocky hill that rises to above ordnance datum between the valleys of the River Nairn and its tributary the Allt Dearg. The site has a wide view in all directions, extending to the mouth of the River Nairn at the town of Nairn, 7 miles to the north east on the shore of the Moray Firth. Dun Evan is scheduled by Historic Environment Scotland as a site of national importance.

The drainage area of the River Mole is and forms 5% of the River Thames's catchment area above Teddington. The catchment area receives of rain each year; the greatest average level of rainfall is around Crawley. The Mole catchment reaches a maximum elevation of above Ordnance Datum at Leith Hill to the southwest of Dorking. There is only one aquifer in the drainage basin, at Fetcham, which means that the majority of the water in the river is from surface drainage, particularly from Gatwick Airport and the urban areas of Horley and Crawley, and that the flow rate responds rapidly to rainfall.

The Fencepost limestone has a particular usefulness in hydrocarbon exploration. While it is certainly too thin to be a viable hydrocarbon reserve, even for fracking, the Fencepost is located close to known producing layers, and has a particular quality that is useful in locating them. The Fencepost shows a unique "double-peak" or "prolonged kick" in electric well logs, and can be used to locate reserve formations in several states north and west of Kansas. Consequently, the Fencepost bed has been used as a datum (a fixed reference point) in charting subterranean sections of rock lying under the High Plains.

Howard Robinson (born 2 October 1945) is a British philosopher, specialising in various areas of philosophy of mind and metaphysics, best known for his work in the philosophy of perception. His contributions to philosophy include a defense of sense-datum theories of perception and a variety of arguments against physicalism about the mind. He published an alternative version of the popular Knowledge Argument in his book Matter and Sense independently and in the same year as Frank Jackson, but Robinson's thought experiment involves sounds rather than colors. He is Professor of Philosophy at Central European University and recurring visiting professor at Rutgers University.

The first appearance datum (FAD) of Iapetognathus fluctivagus in the cliffs of Green Point, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada is defined as the base of the Tremadocian Age ( million years ago) and the beginning of the Ordovician Period. However, the genus Iapetognathus and related denticulate groups still require extensive taxonomic clarification. In 2011, a study discovered that the FAD of Iapetognathus fluctivagus in the GSSP section in Green Point may not actually be the earliest species of Iapetognathus to appear as was earlier believed. Its true FAD lies above another species, Iapetognathus preaengensis, and is not present at the Cambrian–Ordovician boundary (COBWG).

Whitecross railway station was in the Whitecross area of Warrington, England. It was built and operated by the St Helens and Runcorn Gap Railway as a temporary terminus on its line pushing east from Widnes to join with the Warrington & Stockport Railway pushing west from Altrincham. Its exact location is open to debate, as no trace remains. Tolson cites the line's inspector, Captain Wynne, as giving the Whitecross to Arpley extension as the very precise , but as the location of the Arpley datum point is unclear then the location of Whitecross station is also precisely unclear.

There is a way to associate a stack to a given prestack. It is similar to the sheafification of a presheaf and is called stackification. The idea of the construction is quite simple: given a prestack p: F \to C, we let HF be the category where an object is a descent datum and a morphism is that of descent data. (The details are omitted for now) As it turns out, it is a stack and comes with a natural morphism \theta: F \to HF such that F is a stack if and only if θ is an isomorphism.

The station opened as Marden Park in 1885, one year after the line opened, with one waiting shelter and named after the manor in the west of Woldingham and north-east of Godstone. The line was relatively late in the history of the railways due to the amount of earth-moving and chalk extraction required. The adjacent Station Lodge is at above sea level (ordnance datum) and path below the viaduct immediately to the north is at , as the track ascends the remainder of the cutting and immediately south of the station enters a cutting. A tunnel follows to the south of approximately .

Rolf Krauss, Das wrŝ-Datum aus Jahr 5 von Shoshenq [I], Discussions in Egyptology 62 (2005), pp.43-48 This is based on personal information recorded in the Large Dakhla stela which dates to Year 5 of Shoshenq I; the stela preserves a reference to a land-register from Year 19 of a 'Pharaoh Psusennes'. However, since this document was composed under Shoshenq I, the use of the title Pharaoh before Psusennes here cannot establish whether the king was Psusennes I or II. In Year 5 of Shoshenq I, this king and the founder of the 22nd Dynasty, dispatched a certain Ma (i.e.

Invert level affects flow from drainage pipes In civil engineering, the invert level is the base interior level of a pipe, trench or tunnel; it can be considered the "floor" level.About Common Pipe Network Part Terms, Autodesk The invert is an important datum for determining the functioning or flowline of a piping system. For example, the invert of a street sewer connection could affect the feasibility of adding a toilet in the basement of a house. Conversely, the obvert level is the highest interior level, and can be considered the "ceiling" level, being the highest level of that sewer.

Write propagation in lazy release consistency modelThe second image displays what is the case when lazy release consistency is applied. Considering this scenario, all values written ahead of the release synchronization are delayed and propagated together with the propagation of the release access itself. Hence, datum and datumIsReady are propagated together at the release point. "TreadMarks"TreadMarks: distributed shared memory on standard workstations and operating systems by Pete Keleher, Alan L. Cox, Sandhya Dwarkadas and Willy Zwaenepoel published in WTEC'94 Proceedings of the USENIX Winter 1994 Technical Conference on USENIX Winter 1994 Technical Conference is an actual application of lazy release consistency.

Other forms known to history are Routzweiler, Rutzweyler and Rußwilre. In June 1303, Rutsweiler had its first documentary mention. The actual document says: “Count Georg of Veldenz (Veldentie) gives his consent for Sir Heinrich, son of the knight Godebert of Zweibrücken (de Geminoponte“ Zweibrücken” literally means “two bridges” in German, and this Latin rendering, “Geminoponte” (in the ablative; presumably “Geminuspons” in the nominative) means “twin bridge”.), to bestow upon his wife Lyse his Veldenz fief in Rußwilre and lying around the mountain Deynesperg. – Datum anno domini 1303 post octavas Trinitas.” In other words, it was a widow's estate for his wife.

Ford is a village and civil parish in the Arun District of West Sussex, England. It is centred south by south-west of Arundel and west of Worthing. The civil parish very gently slopes to the east, where it has the public track alongside the River Arun and the land is low but well-drained at 2 to 7 metres above Ordnance Datum (sea level). The parish includes HM Prison Ford, otherwise known as Ford Open Prison centred on the site of two former government installations, the RAF Ford Battle of Britain airfield and the Royal Naval Air Station HMS Peregrine.

He soon showed his military valour and his piety, and in 1136, after the death of Hughes, he was chosen as the new Grand Master. He proved to be a brilliant organizer and legislator, and turned the Order into a major force in the Crusader states. On March 29, 1139, Pope Innocent II issued the bull Omne Datum Optimum, which exempted the order from tithes and made them independent of any ecclesiastical jurisdiction. The Templars were also granted the habit of a red cross over a white tunic, which has since become the popular image of any crusader.

A stream flowing from two springs on Benyon's Inclosure joins on the left bank as it passes under Church Road, at which point it has already descended to Above Ordnance Datum (AOD). The course of another Roman road crosses at Lovegrove's Farm and it is joined by another stream, draining from Hundred Acre Piece, a large area of woodland to the north. It passes under Turk's Lane, and as it turns to the south, it forms the county boundary between Hamsphire and Berkshire. After passing through Tanhouse Bridge, carrying Pitfield Lane over the river, it joins Foudry Brook on its left bank.

Landguard Terminal in the foreground with Trinity Terminal in the background Port of Felixstowe The port has two main container terminals, Trinity and Landguard as well as a RO-RO terminal. There is a continuous quay of over , equipped with 29 ship-to shore gantry cranes. The main navigation channel is dredged to 14.5 metres below chart datum, with a maximum depth of 15 metres alongside the quay. This allows Felixstowe to accommodate the world's latest generation of deep-draughted post-Panamax vessels and the much larger Maersk Triple E class, launched in 2013 and capable of carrying 18,000 TEUs.

Upon conducting the small scale excavations, Suraj Bhan was able date a time period ranging from Kalibangan to Late Harappan culture within the region. From here, he brought light to ceramic industry associated with the region known as Siswal, given the same name of the area that these ceramics are found in. Early Indus Valley Civilization ceramic now as of recent have been classified in order to make a datum line for ceramic studies in this area. Known as the 'six fabrics of Kalibanagan', this term is now known by most scholars who are working within this area of archaeological research.

All of these Greenwich meridians were located via an astronomic observation from the surface of the Earth, oriented via a plumb line along the direction of gravity at the surface. This astronomic Greenwich meridian was disseminated around the world, first via the lunar distance method, then by chronometers carried on ships, then via telegraph lines carried by submarine communications cables, then via radio time signals. One remote longitude ultimately based on the Greenwich meridian using these methods was that of the North American Datum 1927 or NAD27, an ellipsoid whose surface best matches mean sea level under the United States.

The hall acts as a datum and around it the corridors are connected to the rooms where different activities are held. On the south between the two rooms is a solid teak wood, polished staircase connecting ground floor and first floor. On each corner of the palace are octagonal towers, in which only two near the front entrance have spiral staircases that go up to the roof. At the far end, opposite the entrance is a room for entertainment which has few stairs on each side leading directly into the grounds at the back of the palace.

Delict is borrowed from Latin delictum and, as a branch of Scots law, revolves around the fundamental concept damnum injuria datum - literally loss wrongfully caused. Where A has suffered wrongful loss at the hands of B (generally where B was negligent), B is under a legal obligation to make reparation. There are many various delicts which can be committed, ranging from assault to procurement or breach of contract. Delict deals with the righting of legal wrongs in civil law on the principle of liability for loss caused by failure in the duty of care, whether deliberate or accidental.

This argument has been challenged in a number of different ways. First it has been questioned whether there must be some object present that actually has the experienced qualities, which would then seemingly have to be something like a sense-datum. Why couldn't it be that the perceiver is simply in a state of seeming to experience such an object without any object actually being present? Second, in cases of illusion and perceptual relativity there is an object present which is simply misperceived, usually in readily explainable ways, and no need to suppose that an additional object is also involved.

Plynlimon (anglicised from Pumlumon in Welsh) is the highest point of the Cambrian Mountains in Wales (taking the more restricted definition of the Cambrian Mountains, excluding Snowdonia and the Brecon Beacons), and the highest point in Mid Wales. It is a massif that dominates the surrounding countryside and is the highest point (county top) of Ceredigion (both the modern council area, and the historic county, also known as Cardiganshire). The highest point of the massif itself is Pen Pumlumon Fawr, which is above ordnance datum. Its other important peaks are Pen Pumlumon Arwystli, Y Garn, Pen Pumlumon Llygad-bychan and Pumlumon Fach.

An Emireh point was found at the first stage of this level (XXIV), at around below datum, in association with the hominin mandible Ksar Akil 2. Studies by Hooijer showed Capra and Dama were dominant in the fauna along with Stephanorhinus in later Levalloiso- Mousterian levels. It is assumed to be one of the earliest known sites containing Upper Paleolithic technologies including Ahmarian cultural objects. Artifacts recovered from the site include Ksar Akil flakes, the main type of tool found at the site, along with pierced shells and chipped edge modifications that suggest these have been used as pendants or beads.

The Agua Dulce Mountains are a mountain range in the north-central Sonoran Desert of southwestern Arizona. The range is located in the extreme southwestern portion of Pima County, Arizona, immediately north of the international boundary with Mexico and about 30 miles southwest of Ajo, Arizona. The range has three main sections that total about 15 miles in length and about nine miles in width. The range is located entirely within the Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge. The highpoint of the range is 2,852 feet (869 meters) above sea level and is located at 32°01'32"N, 113°08'44"W (NAD 1983 datum).

The parallel beam irradiation optical system is the key component of a CT scanner. It consists of a parallel beam X-ray source (2) and the screen (3). They are positioned so that they face each other in parallel with the origin (6) in between, both being in contact with the datum circle (6). These two features ((2) and (3)) can rotate counterclockwise around the origin (6) together with the ts coordinate system while maintaining the relative positional relations between themselves and with the ts coordinate system (so, these two features ((2) and (3)) are always opposed each other).

The flood came close to overcoming Winnipeg's existing flood protection system. At the time, the Winnipeg Floodway was designed to protect against a flow , but the 1997 flow was . To compensate, the province broke operational rules for the floodway, as defined in legislation, during the night of April 30 / May 1, preventing waters in Winnipeg from rising above the designed limit of above the "James Avenue datum", but causing additional flooding upriver. The mayor of Winnipeg, announcing what should have been the bad news that the design limit had been reached, misinterpreted this as good news that the flooding had peaked.

By surface area, Lake Huron is the second- largest of the Great Lakes, with a surface area of – of which lies in Michigan; and lies in Ontario – making it the third-largest fresh water lake on Earth (or the fourth-largest lake, if the Caspian Sea is counted as a lake). By volume however, Lake Huron is only the third largest of the Great Lakes, being surpassed by Lake Michigan and Lake Superior. When measured at the low water datum, the lake contains a volume of and a shoreline length (including islands) of . The surface of Lake Huron is above sea level.

In computations with rounded arithmetic, e.g. with floating-point numbers, a divide-and- conquer algorithm may yield more accurate results than a superficially equivalent iterative method. For example, one can add N numbers either by a simple loop that adds each datum to a single variable, or by a D&C; algorithm called pairwise summation that breaks the data set into two halves, recursively computes the sum of each half, and then adds the two sums. While the second method performs the same number of additions as the first, and pays the overhead of the recursive calls, it is usually more accurate.

Simson's treatise, De porismatibus, begins with definitions of theorem, problem, datum, porism and locus. Respecting the porism Simson says that Pappus's definition is too general, and therefore he will substitute for it the following: > "Porisma est propositio in qua proponitur demonstrare rem aliquam, vel > plures datas esse, cui, vel quibus, ut et cuilibet ex rebus innumeris, non > quidem datis, sed quae ad ea quae data sunt eandem habent rationem, > convenire ostendendum est affectionem quandam communem in propositione > descriptam. Porisma etiam in forma problematis enuntiari potest, si nimirum > ex quibus data demonstranda sunt, invenienda proponantur." A locus (says Simson) is a species of porism.

Effect of a typical checksum function (the Unix `cksum` utility) A checksum is a small-sized datum derived from a block of digital data for the purpose of detecting errors that may have been introduced during its transmission or storage. By themselves, checksums are often used to verify data integrity but are not relied upon to verify data authenticity. The procedure which generates this checksum is called a checksum function or checksum algorithm. Depending on its design goals, a good checksum algorithm will usually output a significantly different value, even for small changes made to the input.

However, stressing considerations might limit this parameter, implying, despite an increase in overall pressure ratio, a reduction in HP compressor pressure ratio. According to simple theory, if the ratio of turbine rotor inlet temperature/(HP) compressor delivery temperature is maintained, the HP turbine throat area can be retained. However, this assumes that cycle improvements are obtained, while retaining the datum (HP) compressor exit flow function (non-dimensional flow). In practice, changes to the non-dimensional speed of the (HP) compressor and cooling bleed extraction would probably make this assumption invalid, making some adjustment to HP turbine throat area unavoidable.

Diagram showing displacement of the Sun's image at sunrise and sunset Atmospheric refraction is the deviation of light or other electromagnetic wave from a straight line as it passes through the atmosphere due to the variation in air density as a function of height.It is common in studies of refraction to use the term height to express vertical distance above the ground, or vertical datum and altitude to express angular height above the horizon. This refraction is due to the velocity of light through air, decreasing (the refractive index increases) with increased density. Atmospheric refraction near the ground produces mirages.

The largest recorded flood in the Hastings River at Wauchope occurred on 13 January 1968 and reached a peak level of above the Australian height datum (m AHD). The 1968 flood was estimated to be slightly rarer than a 100-year event. The next largest flood was determined to be the flood of 5 to 7 March 1894. This flood reached a peak flood level of 8.9 m AHD at Wauchope. Other major floods occurred at Wauchope in February 1950 (8.45 m AHD), February 1929 (8.3 m AHD), August 1864 (8.2 m AHD), and June 1950 (8.1 m AHD).

Director of Highways Department Daniel Chung denied on 8 April 2018 that the breakwater components had been washed away by waves. Subsequent aerial footage posted online showed a section of the dolosse breakwater completely underwater. Civil engineer So Yiu-kwan told Hong Kong media on 12 April 2018 that the water level, at the time the photos were taken, was about 1.74 mPD (metres above Principal Datum), but the maximum water level could reach 2.7 mPD. He said the dolosse would offer no wave protection if entirely submerged, and further alleged that they had been installed backwards.

The Tinajas Altas Mountains (O'odham: Uʼuva:k or Uʼuv Oopad) are an extremely arid northwest-southeast trending mountain range in southern Yuma County, Arizona, approximately 35 mi southeast of Yuma, Arizona. The southern end of the range extends approximately one mile into the northwestern Mexican state of Sonora on the northern perimeter of the Gran Desierto de Altar. The range is about 22 mi in length and about 4 mi wide at its widest point. The highpoint of the range is unnamed and is 2,766 feet (843 meters) above sea level and is located at 32°16'26"N, 114°02'48"W (NAD 1983 datum).

Poverty is the condition where a community or individuals lack the access to basic necessities and financial resources to sustain a minimum standard of living. Botswana accounts for 36.7% of families living under the poverty datum line, which has seen the youth to be vulnerable. In 2012 the Minister of Labour and Home Affairs, Peter Siele, visited and talked to a 12 year old out-of-school worker about not attending school. The response recorded was “lehuma ke lone le le ntireleng gore ke tlogele sekolo, ke bolawa ke tlala” (poverty forced me out of school, I suffer from hunger).

From 1991 onward Levinson has led his own research lab, funded by the Max Planck Society and based at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics. Work in his Language and Cognition group (formerly Cognitive Anthropology research group) focuses on linguistic diversity and its importance to cognitive science. The group has played a pioneering role in developing the field of semantic typology and new models of language documentation. , In 2009, Levinson co-wrote (with Nicholas Evans) a hotly debated article contesting the existence of non-trivial linguistic universals and arguing that linguistic diversity is a crucial datum for cognitive science.

The United Kingdom Ordnance Survey Zero Meridian is the prime meridian used by the Ordnance Survey (OSGB36 datum). It is about six metres to the west of the Airy meridian marked at Greenwich. When the first Ordnance Survey map was published in 1801, the official Prime Meridian of Great Britain was the one established by the third Astronomer Royal, James Bradley. When Airy's new Prime Meridian ("new" by virtue of Sir George Airy's instrument being placed in a room next to that housing James Bradley's instrument) superseded it fifty years later in 1851, the Ordnance Survey simply continued to use Bradley's.

These units have the capability to average a series of individual satellite readings, making them more accurate than single reading machines. Averaging 48 readings at 0625h Nepal local time, temperature −20 °C, the GPS recorded the location of the summit as 27°59.750'N, 86°49.705'E (datum: WGS84), and elevation as . Even accounting for the fact that the summit may have approximately one meter of stones added as a celebratory cairn, this is a significant discrepancy with previously recorded elevations. The same unit was consistent with respect to previously recorded elevations for Gorak Shep and Everest Base Camp.

Mars has two permanent polar ice caps, the northern one located at Planum Boreum and the southern one at Planum Australe. The difference between Mars's highest and lowest points is nearly 30 km (from the top of Olympus Mons at an altitude of 21.2 km to the bottom of the Hellas impact basin at an altitude of 8.2 km below the datum). In comparison, the difference between Earth's highest and lowest points (Mount Everest and the Mariana Trench) is only 19.7 km. Combined with the planets' different radii, this means Mars is nearly three times "rougher" than Earth.

483)) Nautical charts display the water's "charted depth" at specific locations with "soundings" and the use of bathymetric contour lines to depict the submerged surface's shape. These depths are relative to a "chart datum", which is typically the water level at the lowest possible astronomical tide (although other datums are commonly used, especially historically, and tides may be lower or higher for meteorological reasons) and are therefore the minimum possible water depth during the tidal cycle. "Drying heights" may also be shown on the chart, which are the heights of the exposed seabed at the lowest astronomical tide.

In this sense, the choice of datum is arbitrary in the sense that no matter which item is sought, all that is needed to find it is its address, i.e. the coordinates at which it is located, such as its row and column (or its track and record number on a magnetic drum). At first, the term "random access" was used because the process had to be capable of finding records no matter in which sequence they were required. However, soon the term "direct access" gained favour because one could directly retrieve a record, no matter what its position might be.

If transactions are executed serially, i.e., sequentially with no overlap in time, no transaction concurrency exists. However, if concurrent transactions with interleaving operations are allowed in an uncontrolled manner, some unexpected, undesirable results may occur, such as: # The lost update problem: A second transaction writes a second value of a data-item (datum) on top of a first value written by a first concurrent transaction, and the first value is lost to other transactions running concurrently which need, by their precedence, to read the first value. The transactions that have read the wrong value end with incorrect results.

In fluid dynamics, head is a concept that relates the energy in an incompressible fluid to the height of an equivalent static column of that fluid. From Bernoulli's principle, the total energy at a given point in a fluid is the energy associated with the movement of the fluid, plus energy from static pressure in the fluid, plus energy from the height of the fluid relative to an arbitrary datum. Head is expressed in units of height such as meters or feet. The static head of a pump is the maximum height (pressure) it can deliver.

Most of these machines work on one unit of memory at a time and since each instruction or datum is several units long, each instruction takes several cycles just to access memory. These machines are often quite slow because of this. For example, instruction fetches on an IBM 1620 Model I take 8 cycles just to read the 12 digits of the instruction (the Model II reduced this to 6 cycles, or 4 cycles if the instruction did not need both address fields). Instruction execution took a completely variable number of cycles, depending on the size of the operands.

Olympus Mons on Mars, the tallest planetary mountain in the Solar System, compared to Mount Everest and Mauna Kea on Earth (heights shown are above datum or sea level, which differ from the base-to-peak heights given below) This is a list of the tallest mountains in the Solar System. The tallest peak or peaks on worlds where significant mountains have been measured are given. For some worlds, the tallest peaks of different classes are also listed. At 21.9 km, the enormous shield volcano Olympus Mons on Mars is the tallest mountain on any planet in the Solar System.

The distribution of Frankish blades throughout Scandinavia and as far east as Volga Bulgaria attest to the considerable importance of Frankish arms exports, even though Carolingian kings attempted to prevent the export of weapons to potential enemies; in 864, Charles the Bald set the death penalty on selling weapons to the Vikings.Capitulare missorum in Theodonis villa datum secundum, generale c. 7; Capitulare Bononiense 10, 167; both decrees were included by Ansegisus in his collection of laws, as articles 3.6 and 3.75 respectively; Edictum Pistense c. 25. Ibn Fadlan in the 10th century notes explicitly that the Volga Vikings carried Frankish swords.

Again, the team is disappointed, as there appears to be no response. Once left alone, the android comes to life. It adds various cosmetic touches to a previously featureless outer skin, transforming itself from an "it" to a "him", and he (Robert Foxworth) then leaves the laboratory to visit Vaslovik's office and archives; it is there that he first identifies himself as "part of Project Questor". The android then seeks out Robinson, whom he forces to accompany him in a search for Vaslovik, with Darrow in pursuit of both, following a minuscule datum in his original programming.

Damnum iniuria datum was a delict of Roman law relating to the wrongful damage to property. It was created by the Lex Aquilia in the third century BC, and consisted of two parts: chapter one, which dealt with the killing of another's slave or certain types of animal; and chapter three which related to other types of property. It was widely extended both by reference to the words of the statute themselves and by the Praetor. Like similar concepts in the modern law, it had to deal with changes in the way negligence was dealt with, issues of omission, and those of causation.

UTM zones on an equirectangular world map with irregular zones in red Easting and northing are geographic Cartesian coordinates for a point. Easting is the eastward-measured distance (or the x-coordinate) and northing is the northward-measured distance (or the y-coordinate). When using common projections such as the transverse Mercator projection, these are distances projected on an imaginary surface similar to a bent sheet of paper, and are not the same as distances measured on the curved surface of the Earth. Easting and northing coordinates are commonly measured in metres from the axes of some horizontal datum.

The datum shift between two particular datums can vary from one place to another within one country or region, and can be anything from zero to hundreds of meters (or several kilometers for some remote islands). The North Pole, South Pole and Equator will be in different positions on different datums, so True North will be slightly different. Different datums use different interpolations for the precise shape and size of the Earth (reference ellipsoids). Because the Earth is an imperfect ellipsoid, localised datums can give a more accurate representation of the area of coverage than WGS 84.

Detailed information about NAVD 88 is available here. The definition of NAVD 88 uses the Helmert orthometric height, which calculates the location of the geoid (which approximates MSL) from modeled local gravity. The NAVD 88 model is based on then-available measurements, and remains fixed despite later improved geoid models. Since NGVD 29 used a simple model of gravity based on latitude to calculate the geoid and did not take into account other variations, elevation difference between points in a local area in it and NAVD 88 will show negligible change from one datum to the other, even though the elevation of both does change between datums.

Accurate heading information was supplied by the Azimuth Datum Instrument (ADI), a star tracker mounted on a periscope so that it projected its display on a plate in front of the navigator. Using angle measurements similar to those taken with a sextant, the aircraft heading could be accurately determined. For initial position fixes, Gee was replaced with the Decca Navigator System (Mark 6), which directly output measurements on three dials. By locating both the ADI and Decca output on the navigation console, along with the Green Satin outputs, a movie camera was able to record everything in real time for later data analysis on the ground.

Also, higher combustion temperatures can potentially lead to greater emissions of nitrogen oxides, associated with acid rain. Adding a rear stage to the compressor, to raise overall pressure ratio, does not require a shaft speed increase, but it reduces core size and requires a smaller flow size turbine, which is expensive to change. Alternatively, adding a zero (i.e. front) stage to the compressor, to increase overall pressure ratio, will require an increase in shaft speed (to maintain the same blade tip Mach number on each of the original compressor stages, since the delivery temperature of each of these stages will be higher than datum).

The diver may tow a surface marker buoy if conditions allow. The diver unreels a section of distance line appropriate to the visibility and mark his start position by a peg, loose marker, compass heading, or a pre-laid marker line extending outwards from the datum position. Then, keeping the line taut, the diver swims in a circle with the line as radius, searching visually or by feel until back at the start position. He then unreels another section of line of the same length and repeats the procedure until he finds the object, runs into obstacles or runs out of line, air or time.

Following the construction of the Tansa dam and creation of the reservoir, in 1892, Powai waters were used for irrigation. The lake drains a catchment of 6.61 km2 (part of the Powai-Kanheri hill ranges which also drain into the adjoining Vihar Lake and Tulsi Lake). The dam, built in stone masonry has a height varying from 3 m to 6m with top level of the dam kept at E.L. 58.5 m (with Town hall datum). Government of Maharashtra reports that due to eutrophication of the lake water from untreated sewage and garbage from nearby residential and slum colonies, the lake water is unfit for drinking water use.

According to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), isotopically pure potassium-40 will give a committed dose equivalent of 5.02 nSv over 50 years per becquerel ingested by an average adult. Using this factor, one banana equivalent dose comes out as about 5.02 nSv/Bq × 31 Bq/g × 0.5 g ≈ 78 nSv = 0.078 μSv. In informal publications, one often sees this estimate rounded up to 0.1 μSv. The International Commission on Radiological Protection estimates a coefficient of 6.2 nSv/Bq for the ingestion of potassium-40, with this datum the calculated BED would be 0.096 μSv, closer to the standard value of 0.1 μSv.

At midnight, the receivers with this firmware reported November 29, 2003 for one second and then reverted to November 28, 2003. Older Trimble GPS receivers had a software flaw that would insert a leap second immediately after the GPS constellation started broadcasting the next leap second insertion time (some months in advance of the actual leap second), rather than waiting for the next leap second to happen. This left the receiver's time off by a second in the interim. Older Datum Tymeserve 2100 GPS receivers and Symmetricom Tymeserve 2100 receivers also have a similar flaw to that of the older Trimble GPS receivers, with the time being off by one second.

In this drill, the range is set with five metal silhouette targets hinged at their base (called "Pepper Poppers") so as to fall backward when struck. A second participant stands far to one side and is tasked with retrieving a pistol and a magazine from a tool bag, which he must assemble and ready for action. This action mimics the terrorist who retrieved his submachine gun from his tool bag and provides a datum against which the shooter must compare his performance. On the signal, the shooter must draw his pistol and engage the five targets representing the terrorists, before the terrorist retrieves his pistol and readies it for use.

Height above mean sea level (AMSL) is the elevation (on the ground) or altitude (in the air) of an object, relative to the average sea level datum. It is also used in aviation, where some heights are recorded and reported with respect to mean sea level (MSL) (contrast with flight level), and in the atmospheric sciences, and land surveying. An alternative is to base height measurements on an ellipsoid of the entire Earth, which is what systems such as GPS do. In aviation, the ellipsoid known as World Geodetic System 84 is increasingly used to define heights; however, differences exist between this ellipsoid height and mean tidal height.

Traditional LORAN receivers display the time difference between each pairing of the primary and one of the two selected secondary stations, which is then used to find the appropriate TD line on the chart. Modern LORAN receivers display latitude and longitude coordinates instead of time differences, and, with the advent of time difference comparison and electronics, provide improved accuracy and better position fixing, allowing the observer to plot their position on a nautical chart more easily. When using such coordinates, the datum used by the receiver (usually WGS84) must match that of the chart, or manual conversion calculations must be performed before the coordinates can be used.

Dado meaning the middle section or main body of a pedestal The name was first used in English as an architectural term for the part of a pedestal between the base and the cornice. As with many other architectural terms, the word is Italian in origin. The dado in a pedestal is roughly cubical in shape, and the word in Italian means "dice" or "cube" (ultimately Latin datum, meaning "something given", hence also a die for casting lots). By extension, the dado becomes the lower part of a wall when the pedestal is treated as being continuous along the wall, with the cornice becoming the dado rail.

Ion Petrovici wrote on logic and metaphysics. In logic he contributed to the logical theory of notions, mainly regarding the relations between the intension and the extension of a term; he contradicted the law of their inverse dependence. In metaphysics perhaps the most well known of his contributions is the lecture "The Idea of Nothingness" (1933), in which the nothingness was determined as a "transcendent substance", preceding existence and transcending it, but manifesting itself immanently in the existent things. Mircea Florian, who studied in Germany with the Neokantian Rehmke, elaborated between the wars a philosophy of the "pure datum", trying to overcome the epistemology based on the subject-object dichotomy.

Akademie-Sternwarte im Bezirkslexikon des Luisenstädtischen Bildungsvereins Plan of the new Berlin Observatory of 1879 The North Wing with the height datum of 1879 The two-storey building was a plastered building "in simple Hellenic style" as a link between the modern and antique. The building laid out in cruciform plan-form and extended to the east with its longest arm. At the meeting point of the arms of the cross a rotating iron dome was placed with a diameter of 7.5 metres. It was the first observatory dome in Prussia in the form of a hemisphere with a slit opening and rotation mechanism.

Jan van der Hoeven (9 February 1801DTB Doopboek Remonstranten Rotterdam 1801: Dopeling Jan van der Hoeven / Vader Abraham van der Hoeven / Moeder Maria van der Wallen Van Vollenhoven / Plaats Rotterdam / Datum doop 1 March 1801 / Geboortedatum 9 February 1801 – 10 March 1868) was a Dutch zoologist. His most famous book is Handboek der Dierkunde (1827–1833), translated into German and English (by prof. Clark). He wrote as readily about crocodiles as about butterflies, lancelets and lemurs. His research on the nautilus resulted in the discovery of a secondary sexual organ of unknown function which was then named after him as Hoeven's organ or Van der Hoeven's organ.

The archaeological excavation of Bastion de San Diego was conducted by the Intramuros Administration and the National Museum from 1979 up to December 1982. Dog-leash method was used due to the sandy soil condition of the site. This method involved measuring the location of artifacts and their distances from a single control point, and orienting their location toward a datum point. Below were the following facts established: # The unexcavated portion below the exposed level of the outer circular structure and the casements on its street level may have been part of the original Vera-Sedeño tower, with possible improvements introduced during Manrique de Lara's time.

The fossil was found in 1927 at Kents Cavern a limestone cave in Torquay, Devon, England. The Maxilla was uncovered at a depth of and was located directly beneath a key ‘granular stalagmite’ at the site, which was used as a datum during excavations undertaken between 1926 and 1941 by the Torquay Natural History Society.Higham, T. F. G., Jacobi, R. M. & Bronk Ramsey, C. AMS radiocarbon dating of ancient bone using ultrafiltration. Radiocarbon 48, 179–195 (2006) The discovery of the KC4 maxilla was important because it became the earliest direct dated Anatomically Modern human (AMH) fossil yet discovered from a Northwestern European site.

Meanwhile, the Long Earth is suffused by the song of the trolls, graceful hive-mind humanoids. But the trolls are beginning to react to humanity's thoughtless exploitation. Joshua, now married to Helen, is summoned by Lobsang to deal with gathering multiple crises that threaten to plunge the Long Earth into a war unlike any humankind has waged before. When Sally turns up unexpected to Joshua's home—now in Hell-Knows-Where, a small town on Earth West 1,397,426 where he has been elected Mayor—Joshua is forced to return with his family, wife Helen and son Dan, to Datum Earth to investigate and defuse the growing tensions between humans and trolls.

The principal of generic views in the study of cognition stipulates that the interpretation made by an observer of a distal phenomenon should be such as to not require that the observer be in a special position to, or relationship with, the phenomenon in question. The principal is a fairly general account of the inductive bias that allows an observer to reconstruct distal phenomena from an impoverished proximal datum. This principle has been advanced particularly in vision research as an account of how, for example, three- dimensional structure is extracted from an inadequate two-dimensional projection. The principal of generic views has been discussed by RichardsKnill, D. C., & Richards, W., eds.

The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon (), also known as the Order of Solomon's Temple, the Knights Templar or simply the Templars, were a Catholic military order founded in 1119, headquartered on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem through 1128 when they went to meet with Pope Honorius II. They were recognized in 1139 by the papal bull Omne datum optimum. The order was active until 1312 when it was perpetually suppressed by Pope Clement V by the bull Vox in excelso. The Templars became a favored charity throughout Christendom and grew rapidly in membership and power. They were prominent in Christian finance.

The Global Area Reference System (GARS) is a standardized geospatial reference system developed by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) for use across the United States Department of Defense. Under the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction CJCSI 3900.01C dated 30 June 2007, GARS was adopted for use by the US DoD as "the “area-centric” counterpart to the “point-centric” MGRS". It uses the WGS 1984 Datum and is based on lines of longitude (LONG) and latitude (LAT). It is intended to provide an integrated common frame of reference for joint force situational awareness to facilitate air-to-ground coordination, deconfliction, integration, and synchronization.

The water pressure hydraulic grade level (HGL) corresponding to the maximum water surface elevation of the Wachusett Reservoir, feeding the proposed facility by gravity from an overflow elevation of 120.4 m (395 ft Boston City Base Datum, BCB), was selected by the MWRA for design criteria. HGL is used, instead of elevation, data because it is significantly more precise than elevation data. Because of elevation translates into 1 psi of pressure (for water), calculating pressure to 1 psi precision requires elevation data that's accurate to roughly . Normal elevation data that is accurate to the nearest will result in pressure that is accurate to roughly 4 psi.

A topographic survey is typically based upon systematic observation and published as a map series, made up of two or more map sheets that combine to form the whole map. A topographic map series uses a common specification that includes the range of cartographic symbols employed, as well as a standard geodetic framework that defines the map projection, coordinate system, ellipsoid and geodetic datum. Official topographic maps also adopt a national grid referencing system. Natural Resources Canada provides this description of topographic maps: Other authors define topographic maps by contrasting them with another type of map; they are distinguished from smaller-scale "chorographic maps" that cover large regions,P.

Straddling the walls are reinforced concrete dished slabs, curving up and away from the top of the walls and overhanging by approximately one metre, acting as both guttering and eaves. The height of this slab indicates a datum level that extends within the church in the form of a flat ceiling over the aisles. The church is rectangular in plan with an entrance foyer in the north-west corner, linked to a brick and concrete bell tower by a covered walkway. The main elevation of the church is asymmetrical, with the end walls of the wings flanking the central arch being constructed of different materials.

The pope welcomes and supports the role of human reason in discovering and applying the natural law (those aspects of the moral law that may be discovered without divine revelation). Nevertheless, because God remains the true author of moral law, he states that human reason will not properly supersede the elements of the moral law that are of divine origin—the encyclical states that this "would be the death of true freedom." In particular, John Paul denies those ideas of morality that treat the human body as a "raw datum," separating man and how he uses his body from his greater meaning derived from the entirety of his person.

Over Ardoch and the Mill of Ardoch are the eponymous settlements which refer to the south-western parts of the south slope of the towering hill of Coire Odhar, rising 230 metres above the mill and Braco Castle to 357 metres Above Ordnance Datum. It is bounded by forest to the north and south and by the moorland hill of Cromlet ( AOD) to the west. To the south of Braco two headwaters rising in the lower highlands to the immediate north meet, at about 10 metres below and 500 metres south of the clustered village (and main settlement) of Braco which borders the streams. Three bridges are in Braco.

Other examples of broad arrow bench marks cut into rocks exist at Bowen (1887), and at Princess Charlotte Bay in the Flinders group of islands (1899, by ). In the case of the Bessie Point 1878 bench mark, which is cut into the largest boulder on the shoreline, the datum was low water ordinary spring tides, calculated as being below the broad arrow. All water depths (in feet) on the map of Cairns Harbour made in 1878 thus represented the depth available at low water ordinary spring tides, that water level being below the bench mark. The tidal range for spring tides in the bay was .

The later rime tables gave a significantly more precise and systematic account of the sounds of these dictionaries by tabulating syllables by their onsets, rhyme groups, tones and other properties. The phonological system inferred from these books, often interpreted using the rime tables, is known as Middle Chinese, and has been the key datum for efforts to recover the sounds of early forms of Chinese. It incorporates most of the distinctions found in modern varieties of Chinese, as well as some that are no longer distinguished. It has also been used together with other evidence in the reconstruction of the Old Chinese language (1st millennium BC).

The Allies had demanded that representatives of the German Army, Navy and Air Force, and the High Command of the Armed Forces, sign the ratification of unconditional surrender, and that they should present full powers authorizing them to do so on behalf of the German High Command. Complying with that demand Dönitz issued a telegraphed communication from his "Supreme Commander Headquarters" (Der Oberste Befehlshaber Hauptquartier) granting the necessary full powers,The text of the full powers, in German, was as follows: A b s c h r i f t. Der Oberste Befehlshaber Hauptquartier, den 7.5.45. der Wehrmacht /Bitte in der Antwort vorstehendesGeschaftszeichen, das Datum und kurzen Inhalt anzugegen.

Nomansland is a small village in Wiltshire, England, close to the county border with Hampshire. It is part of the parish of Landford and lies about southeast of Redlynch and southeast of the city of Salisbury. The village is within the boundaries of the New Forest National Park and is close to Pipers Wait, the highest point in the New Forest."Flint gravels, which at Pipers Wait [249 165] near Nomansland, form the highest point (129 m above Ordnance Datum (OD)) in the New Forest" – R. A. Edwards, E. C. Freshney, I. F. Smith, (1987), Geology of the country around Southampton: memoir for 1:50,000 sheet, page 1.

Lunar distance is commonly used to express the distance to near-Earth object encounters. Lunar distance is also an important astronomical datum; the precision of this measurement to a few parts in a trillion has implications for testing gravitational theories such as general relativity, and for refining other astronomical values such as Earth mass, Earth radius, and Earth's rotation. The measurement is also useful in characterizing the lunar radius, the mass of the Sun and the distance to the Sun. Millimeter-precision measurements of the lunar distance are made by measuring the time taken for light to travel between LIDAR stations on the Earth and retroreflectors placed on the Moon.

The marker located near Lebanon, Kansas A close-up of the plaque on the historical marker A small chapel and picnic ground adjacent to the marker An additional monument adjacent to the marker In order to protect the privacy of the private land owner where the point identified by the 1918 survey falls,"The actual center is about a half mile away in the center of a former hog farm." (kansastravel.org ) a proxy marker was erected in 1940 some half a mile away.Walter H. Schoewe, "Kansas and the geodetic datum of North America", Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 51 (1948) 117–124, www.jstor.

Beacon Hill, which is 842 feet above the ordnance datum, is here a conspicuous landmark, upon which are the remains of an ancient earthwork. Down Farm lay east of the hill close to the former Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway run by the Great Western Railway, which ran almost due north from here through the parish. The total acreage of the parish of Burghclere is 5,269 acres, of which 1,740 acres are arable land, 2,174 acres permanent grass and 500 acres woods and plantations (1911). The chief crops are wheat, barley and oats (1911); the soil varies, being chiefly gravel and chalk, the subsoil chalk and greensand.

Example graph of stream stages showing Action Stage, Flood Stage, Moderate Stage, Major Stage, and Record Stage on a river. Flood stage is the water level, as read by a stream gauge or tide gauge, for a body of water at a particular location, measured from the level at which a body of water threatens lives, property, commerce, or travel. The term "at flood stage" is commonly used to describe the point at which this occurs. "Gauge height" (also referred to as "stream stage", "stage of the [body of water]", or simply "stage") is the level of the water surface above an established zero datum at a given location.

The Doune of Relugas is a hill fort located south south west of Forres in Moray, Scotland. It is situated on a rocky knoll rising to approximately above ordnance datum and forming the south east part of the promontory at the confluence of the River Findhorn and the River Divie. The site commands an uninterrupted view of the valley of the Findhorn as far as Culbin Sands, 9 miles to the north on the shore of the Moray Firth. The hill fort was occupied from the 1st millennium BC through to the late 1st millennium AD. At its heart is a timber-laced rampart enclosing an area measuring by .

As a result, representational resources may be wasted on areas of the input space that are irrelevant to the task. A common solution is to associate each data point with its own centre, although this can expand the linear system to be solved in the final layer and requires shrinkage techniques to avoid overfitting. Associating each input datum with an RBF leads naturally to kernel methods such as support vector machines (SVM) and Gaussian processes (the RBF is the kernel function). All three approaches use a non-linear kernel function to project the input data into a space where the learning problem can be solved using a linear model.

This caused a large rising surge in sea level, with the maximum surge at Hinkley Point measured at above the tidal level Ordnance Datum (OD) at 20:25, and measured at Avonmouth. The wind was measured at from the west. Over topping of the sea defences along a stretch of the Somerset coast at 22 locations from Clevedon to Porlock began after 19:30, and continued until about 21:30 when the wind speed had reached from the west. Although there was no loss of life, the resultant flooding covered of land, affecting 1,072 houses and commercial properties, with £150,000 worth of livestock killed and £50,000 of feed and grain destroyed.

Since storm surge is defined as the rise of water beyond what would be expected by the normal movement caused by tides, storm surge is measured using tidal predictions, with the assumption that the tide prediction is well-known and only slowly varying in the region subject to the surge. Since tides are a localized phenomenon, storm surge can only be measured in relationship to a nearby tidal station. Tidal bench mark information at a station provides a translation from the geodetic vertical datum to mean sea level (MSL) at that location, then subtracting the tidal prediction yields a surge height above the normal water height.

Spring rains in 1957 first filled the lake to its normal conservation pool elevation of 694 NGVD (National Geodetic Vertical Datum or feet above sea level) for the first time. Lake waters rose some from April 1 through May 12 of that year, and by May 26 had risen another sixteen feet, overtopping the spillway elevation for the first time. Releases through the spillway continued for almost a month, until June 21. The peak elevation was on June 5 as the waters were flowing through the in a stream three feet deep, before falling back to the normal 694 elevation on the July 4.

The Polden Hills a long, low ridge, extending for , and separated from the Mendip Hills, to which they are nearly parallel, by a marshy tract, known as the Somerset Levels. The ridge is underlain by Blue Lias with alternating strata of limestone, rheatic clay and Keuper marl. At the highest point on Walton Hill, which reaches above Ordnance datum (mean sea level), there is a topograph or orientation stone used as a triangulation point and highlighting key features of the surrounding landscape including the Somerset Levels and the Admiral Hood Monument. It forms the starting point for the long footpath known as the Polden Way.

Scientific American has described Segal's Tidal Datum as "spectacular" with "unbeatable beauty and wonder." This piece was inspired by Sutro Baths, a seaside bathhouse located in San Francisco established in the 1920s where waters change with the tides. In order to create this piece, Segal used data obtained from the tide charts of the San Francisco Bay from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for the 29-day lunar cycle of in the months of April and May in 2006. As a result of this project, she has been inspired to create other pieces displaying the tide patterns of the Louisiana coast and of Homer, Alaska.

The Cartography of New Zealand is the history of surveying and creation of maps of New Zealand. Surveying in New Zealand began with the arrival of Abel Tasman in the mid 17th century. Cartography and surveying have developed in incremental steps since that time till the integration of New Zealand into a global system based on GPS and the New Zealand Geodetic Datum 2000. Initially surveys were done by measuring points on the ground and staking out areas, this was quickly followed in the late 1800s by the triangulation method. The New Zealand Institute of Surveyors was established in 1888 after an earlier attempt in 1881.

A self-locating datum marker buoy (SLDMB) is a drifting surface buoy designed to measure surface ocean currents. The design is based on those of the Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment (CODE) and Davis-style oceanographic surface drifters – National Science Foundation (NSF) funded experiments exploring ocean surface currents. The SLDMB was designed for deployment by United States Coast Guard (USCG) vessels in search and rescue (SAR) missions, and is equipped with a Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) sensor that, upon deployment in fresh- or saltwater, transmits its location periodically to the USCG to aid in SAR missions. Additionally, SLDMB are deployed in oceanographic research in order to study surface currents of the ocean.

On the concert platform she has narrated with numerous orchestras; the RSNO, the BBC Symphony Orchestra and the Scottish Opera Orchestra. She has recorded Hansel and Gretel by Savourna Stevenson with the Scottish Opera Orchestra, and recorded an audio book of "44 Scotland Street" by Alexander McCall Smith. In 2011, she made her New York debut, playing Carlotta Burns in "Beautiful Burnout" (Frantic Assembly/NTS) at St Ann's Warehouse, Brooklyn, and reprised the role for the Sydney, Perth and Wellington Festivals in 2012. In 2010, Blythe formed Datum Point Productions to capitalise on the wealth of talent in the theatre, film and TV industry in Scotland.

A chemical tanker being repaired in the A&P; Tyne dry dock A&P; Tyne is located at Hebburn, Tyne and Wear, UK and is positioned along the River Tyne. The facility consists of two dry docks (only one is currently in use), two quays and a large steel fabrication shed. The facility also has eight cranes lifting up to 100 tonnes, a steel workshop, joinery workshop and engineering workshop. The dry dock at A&P; Tyne is the largest on the east coast of the UK. It is long, wide and has a depth of below the datum of navigational charts allowing it to accommodate a wide variety of ships.

From the National Trust Visitor Centre, the route turns eastwards, running along the escarpment and through the urban area of Box Hill village, reaching a maximum elevation of above Ordnance Datum. After the route turns northwest along the B2033, passing through the village of Headley. After , the circuit begins a continuous descent to the valley of the River Mole, passing to the south of Leatherhead, before turning southwards again through Mickleham to return to the start. The Zig Zag Road is a steady climb of over and has, although on a much smaller scale, been likened to the Alpe d'Huez in the French Alps.

This Acorn machine was based around a 16-bit 65SC816 CPU, 128 KB RAM, expandable to 512 KB, plus additional battery-backed RAM. It had a new multi-tasking OS, had 4x internal ROM sockets, and shipped with 'View' based software. It also had an attached telephone, communications software and auto-answer/auto-dial modem.Communicator details Communicator details In February 1986, Acorn announced that it was ceasing US sales operations, and sold its remaining US BBC Microcomputers for $1.25M to a Texas company, 'Basic', which was a subsidiary of Datum, the Mexican manufacturer of the Spanish version of the BBC Microcomputer (with modified Spanish keyboards for the South American market).

"Merkel Takes Blame for German Vote Defeat, but Holds Course, New York Times, 5 September 2016 Also critics within the CDU party commented on the result. Specialist for domestic affairs Wolfgang Bosbach called the election day a "historic date", because the AfD came in before the CDU and the CDU was only third political force in a German territorial state. He demanded an alteration of the refugee policies, but saw no alternative for Merkel as the chancellor."Historisches Datum, wenn CDU hinter AfD landet", Die Welt, 5 September 2016, in German SPD chief Sigmar Gabriel accused Angela Merkel of "simply repeating 'we will manage it' without doing it as well.

Delivery of two Q-36 radar systems to Ukraine in Lviv on 14 November 2015 The AN/TPQ-36 is an electronically steered radar, meaning the radar antenna does not actually move while in operation. The radar antenna may however be moved manually if required. The system may also be operated in a friendly fire mode to determine the accuracy of counterbattery return fire, or for conducting radar registration or mean point of impact calibrations for friendly artillery. It can locate mortars, artillery, and rocket launchers, simultaneously locate 10 weapons, locate targets on first round and perform high-burst, datum-plane, and impact registrations.

Mawrth Vallis () (Mawrth means "Mars" in Welsh) is a valley on Mars, located in the Oxia Palus quadrangle at 22.3°N, 343.5°E with an elevation approximately two kilometers below datum. Situated between the southern highlands and northern lowlands, the valley is a channel formed by massive flooding which occurred in Mars’ ancient past. It is an ancient water outflow channel with light-colored clay-rich rocks. Prior to the selection of Gale Crater for the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover mission, Mawrth Vallis was considered as a potential landing site because of the detection of a stratigraphic section rich in clay minerals.

According to his view, they add, "we do not come into the world as persons with God-given rights or as utility-maximizing packages," but "with propensities for self-realization and for the achievement of a society where that self-realization may flower"--"the datum of progress is as teleological as it is deterministic" : 163. This interpretation is supported by Wang's own words: > What is "self-realization"? To explain this, we must first understand ... > "potential" and "realization." This ... can be traced back to Aristotle: in > modern times Hegel ... explained it .... The challenge and development of > things are a process from "potential" to "realization"; or, in other words, > from possibility to reality.

Pedestrian crossing over the railway. The old turnpike, now the A736 Lochlibo Road (locally known as the 'Low Road'), ran for about a mile along the southern margin of the loch, later joined by the Glasgow, Barrhead and Kilmarnock Joint Railway that stands even closer to the loch's waters. Caldwell railway station, later renamed Uplawmoor was situated close by and was convenient for visitors, such as curlers, who used the loch. The station closed in 1966, the railway remaining open, although the track has been singled; pedestrians cross the line to access the loch at a dedicated railway crossing with trains passing every fifteen minutes on weekdays (datum 2012).

Improvements to the global system included the Astrogeoid of Irene Fischer and the astronautic Mercury datum. In January 1966, a World Geodetic System Committee composed of representatives from the United States Army, Navy and Air Force was charged with developing an improved WGS, needed to satisfy mapping, charting and geodetic requirements. Additional surface gravity observations, results from the extension of triangulation and trilateration networks, and large amounts of Doppler and optical satellite data had become available since the development of WGS 60. Using the additional data and improved techniques, WGS 66 was produced which served DoD needs for about five years after its implementation in 1967.

"If we can accept the certainty of Jesus' crucifixion as an historical datum, what can we say about the manner of his death? ... In spite of the paucity and ambiguity of the evidence, Martin Hengel suggests a summary sketch of the Roman procedure of crucifixion. Crucifixion included a flogging beforehand, with victims generally made to carry their own crossbeams to the location of their execution, where they were bound or nailed to the cross with arms extended, raised up, and, perhaps seated on a small wooden peg (Hengel 1977: 22–32)" (Markus Bockmuehl, The Cambridge Companion to Jesus. Cambridge University Press, 2001, pages 90-91).

Evergreen trees such as pines are supported by the sandy soil of Parvis Road in the west, an uneroded upcrop of the Bagshot Formation The surface undulates gently from the west to the east, where West Byfleet's land is drained in the parish of Byfleet itself by the River Wey. Soil ranges from sandy acidic soil in the west to more alluvial soil in the east, underlain by a mixture of gravel and clay. Elevations range from 18m Above Ordnance Datum to 33m. Old Avenue has been designated a Conservation Area due its Arcadian environment of substantial family homes of interesting architecture and still good sized gardens.

At 9 metres above Ordnance Datum sea level whereas residential roads in Sunbury are at predominantly more than 10 metres, the island floods often when there is other non-tidal Thames flooding. In February 2014 the island was briefly completely submerged providing the main emergency flood meadow dealing with copious rainfall across the flood plain on the 'Sunbury stretch' of the Molesey Reach. Hurst Park on the 'Hampton stretch' of the reach is the other main flood meadow partly inhabited by tower block flat owners on the south bank, approximately downstream. Most other inhabited islands have more elevated plots preventing or reducing the extent of fluvial (riparian) flooding.

In 1986 the East Beach was artificially raised with extra shingle to a height of above Ordnance Datum; subsequent management by the Environment Agency has involved regular monitoring and replenishment of this shingle barrier. Despite such measures, serious storm damage or flooding events occurred seven times between 1974 and 1996. Assessments by structural engineers in 2001 concluded that, without remedial action, there was a 50% chance of a major failure of the old piers and sea walls within five years. The recent West Bay Coastal Defence and Harbour Improvements Scheme (construction of the Jurassic Pier and outer harbour) is the latest attempt to solve these problems.

The first appearance datum (FAD) of Lotagnostus americanus has been proposed to define the lower limit of Cambrian Stage 10. This proposition is based on the interpretation that L. americanus is a polymorph species with a global distribution, a concept that included L. obscurus, and Agnostus trisectus, the type of Lotagnostus. Recently however, the North American species of Lotagnostus have been revised and it was concluded that L. americanus in fact shows little variation and has a limited spatial distribution, and the variants from other locations belong to several other Lotagnostus species. This renders L. americanus unfit as index fossil for the lower limit of Cambrian Stage 10.

We determined a reference crater density for Caloris in the Shakespeare quadrangle in order to correlate basin ages to that stratigraphic datum. The Beethoven Basin (–20°, 124°), partly exposed in the Michelangelo quadrangle, consists of one ring 660 km in diameter. The exact age of Beethoven is uncertain; the density of superposed primary impact craters suggests a post-Caloris, late c3 age, but it may be as old as early c2 age due to the large range of error in the crater age estimate. The ejecta from Beethoven are very extensive east and southeast of the basin rim and are mappable as far as 600 km downrange from the rim.

In Ex Parte Boedel Steenkamp, an important case in the South African law of persons and succession, heard on June 21, 1962, the residue of the deceased's estate was bequeathed in equal shares in his will to his daughter and his daughter's children "wat by datum van dood in die lewe is" (who are alive when I die). At the time of the deceased's death, his daughter had two children and was pregnant with a third. The question before the court was whether the nasciturus could inherit. The court was unwilling to act to the prejudice of the nasciturus, and held, therefore, that it could inherit.

The three women were sheltering in a part of the town which the FO team officer had been briefed was free of civilians. The FO team were themselves in a very exposed position to the north of the town. The FO officer calculated the ship's error, but the ship's computer system did not indicate anything wrong, so after three rounds were fired the FO officer dismissed the ship from the firing line. The ship's weapons staff spent the next 24 hours going through their system, and discovered their radar had not locked onto the correct datum point, creating an error in firing equal to that calculated by the FO officer.

Corrigan has claimed that the historical and critical study of emotion is crucial to the advancement of the academic field of religious studies. He contends that a residual parochialism in the field, which equated something thought to be mysterious about religion with something thought to be equally mysterious about emotion, framed emotion as an irreducible datum and discouraged analytical and scientific approaches to its study. His approach combines the history of emotions with insights drawn from philosophy, anthropology, psychology, and brain science. He has advised that scholars must take care to avoid creating a highly specialized and technical "secret language" to talk about emotion if progress is to be made investigating it alongside religion.

This marker indicating sea level is situated between Jerusalem and the Dead Sea. Mean sea level (MSL) (often shortened to sea level) is an average level of the surface of one or more of Earth's bodies of water from which heights such as elevation may be measured. The global MSL is a type of vertical datuma standardised geodetic datumthat is used, for example, as a chart datum in cartography and marine navigation, or, in aviation, as the standard sea level at which atmospheric pressure is measured to calibrate altitude and, consequently, aircraft flight levels. A common and relatively straightforward mean sea-level standard is instead the midpoint between a mean low and mean high tide at a particular location.

This hillfort is in Pulpit Wood on the summit of Pulpit Hill in Great Kimble, about 3/4 of a mile south-east of St Nicholas' church.Louise Barker's report for English Heritage (2001) contains a full description and survey of the site, with plans and photographs. It is above ordnance datum. It has never been excavated and its precise date is unknown, though almost certainly built during the 1st millennium B.C. Hillforts are usually attributed to the Iron Age, but there are a series of hillforts at intervals along the Chiltern ridge and that at Ivinghoe Beacon, which is not far away, has been excavated and found to have been built in the late Bronze Age.

A bull's format formerly began with one line in tall, elongated letters containing three elements: the pope's name, the papal title "Episcopus Servus Servorum Dei" ("Bishop, Servant of the Servants of God"), and its incipit, i.e., the first few Latin words from which the bull took its title for record keeping purposes, but which might not be directly indicative of the bull's purpose. The body of the text had no specific conventions for its formatting; it was often very simple in layout. The closing section consisted of a short "datum" that mentioned the place of issuance, day of the month and year of the pope's pontificate on which issued, and signatures, near which was attached the seal.

The World Geodetic System WGS84 ellipsoid is now generally used to model the Earth in the UTM coordinate system, which means current UTM northing at a given point can differ up to 200 meters from the old. For different geographic regions, other datum systems can be used. Prior to the development of the Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system, several European nations demonstrated the utility of grid-based conformal maps by mapping their territory during the interwar period. Calculating the distance between two points on these maps could be performed more easily in the field (using the Pythagorean theorem) than was possible using the trigonometric formulas required under the graticule-based system of latitude and longitude.

U.S. Bureau of Land Management map showing the principal meridians of California The San Bernardino meridian, established in 1852, is one of three principal meridians in the state of California. Because of the state's shape, three meridian–baseline sets are required for surveys in all parts of the state. The San Bernardino meridian is used for Southern California, and some townships in Arizona are also referenced to it.Part 5: Public Land Survey System Standards for United States Geological Survey (USGS) and United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service Single Edition Quadrangle Maps (5/03) The initial point (datum) is at the summit of Mount San Bernardino, in the San Bernardino Mountains, in San Bernardino County, California.

Elspeth Buchan was the leader of the Buchanites, an extreme religious sect who in the 1780s settled for a time at the nearby farm of New Cample where they built a dwelling known locally as 'Buchan Ha', the ruins of which still survive (datum 2017). Circa 1785 all forty-six or so of her followers met at a wooden platform they had built on Templand Hill above Dalgarnock, with the hope of ascending to heaven with their leader Luckie Buchan. They had shaved their hair leaving a central tuft by which the angels would pull them up to heaven. The platform collapsed and the Buchanites left for a new home at Auchengibbert in Galloway shortly after.

Despite the noted reduction and size and importance during the Early classic, Colha may have reached its fluorescence during the Late Classic. According to Jack Eaton, Late Classic Colha may have grown to a population of nearly 1,000 people in its epicenter and 4,000 within a six square kilometer area. Consequently, a majority of architectural remains, both public and domestic are erected in the late Classic and there is a large increase in the number of raised fields found at Cobweb Swamp during this period. However, while evidence of ritual caching return, they do not reach the levels found in the Late Preclassic or ProtoclassicEaton, Jack D. 1994 Archeological Investigations at the Main Datum Mound, Colha Belize.

During this twelve-month period water levels ranged from to below Chart Datum. In January 2013, Lake Michigan's monthly mean water levels dipped to an all-time low of , reaching their lowest ebb since record keeping began in 1918. The lakes were below their long-term average and had declined 17 inches since January 2012. Keith Kompoltowicz, chief of watershed hydrology for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' district office in Detroit, explained that biggest factors leading to the lower water levels in 2013 were a combination of the "lack of a large snowpack" in the winter of 2011/2012 coupled with very hot and dry conditions in the summer of 2012.

The float chamber became totally silted up, the connecting wooden trough for the cables disappeared and the signal equipment gradually decayed within the building. The building and system have protective listing as a category 'B' structure and in 1989, Irvine Development Corporation (IDC) carried out substantial repairs. Attempts by the Scottish Maritime Museum and others have been made to restore the unique building and system fully (it is thought however that another similar structure may have been built in Northern France). The building was leased to the Irvine Model Boat Club, and a model railway club were very active some years back (datum 2007), laying model railway track on the site and out onto the grass nearby.

The absolute or infinitethe unconditioned ground and source of all realityis yet apprehended by us as an immediate datum or reality; and it is apprehended in consciousnessunder its condition, that, to wit, of distinguishing subject and object, knower and known. The doctrine of Cousin was criticized by Sir W Hamilton in the Edinburgh Review of 1829, and it was animadverted upon about the same time by Schelling. Hamilton's objections are as follows. The correlation of the ideas of infinite and finite does not necessarily imply their correality, as Cousin supposes; on the contrary, it is a presumption that finite is simply positive and infinite negative of the same—that the finite and infinite are simply contradictory relatives.

Gravimeters, small portable units that provide measurements of the force of gravity, were also used by the surveyors to conduct gravity surveys to further understand the topography of the country and the geodetic datum. Field classification specialists, soldiers as well as civilians from Army Map Service, were utilized to conduct research on the ground in order to provide names of cities and towns and any other prominent named features, as well as classify types of roads, buildings, hydrographic features such as lakes and rivers, and any other features to be depicted on the maps. Interpreters were used to interview local officials and residents to determine proper names, spelling and usage of features.

A student of Carl Friedrich Gauss and an assistant to Gauss at the university observatory, Goldschmidt frequently collaborated with Gauss on various mathematical and scientific works. Goldschmidt was in turn a professor of Gauss's protegé Bernhard Riemann. Data gathered by Gauss and Goldschmidt on the growth of the logarithmic integral compared to the distribution of prime numbers was cited by Riemann in "On the Number of Primes Less Than a Given Magnitude", Riemann's seminal paper on the prime-counting function. In 1831, Goldschmidt wrote a mathematical treatise in Latin, "Determinatio superficiei minimae rotatione curvae data duo puncta jungentis circa datum axem ortae" ("Determination of the surface-minimal rotation curve given two joined points about a given axis of origin").

Little Paxton lies on the western side of the Great Ouse river valley between and above ordnance datum and the parish covers an area of . The boundary of the parish to the south and east is the Great Ouse and to the west is the River Kym. The A1 road follows the route of the Great North Road and lies to the west of Little Paxton; it runs roughly from south-west to north through the parish. There is a restricted access junction at the northern edge of Little Paxton (cannot join A1 southbound) and a restricted access junction that only allows southbound access to the A1 to the south-west of the village.

The canal runs along a ridge of hills to the west of the Pennines, and is at a relatively high level. The southern section from the Trent and Mersey Canal to the foot of Bosley locks is at above ordnance datum (AOD) and the locks raise the level by so that the summit level is at AOD. This required a reservoir to be built at a high level, where few of the streams were sufficiently large to maintain its level. The obvious source of water was the River Dane, which the canal crosses at the foot of the Bosley flight, but that already supplied the Caldon Canal and so could not be used.

Operation of the power station is covered by the requirements of five resource consents, with the principal consent expiring in September 2026. The lake level operates between a normal operating range of 146.1 to 146.8 metre RL (relative to the Moturiki datum) with the emergency spillway having a level of 148.6 metre RL. The power station operates as a run of river scheme as the lake is small in terms of river flow. Low overnight demand allows refilling of the lake and drawdown to provide increased generation over the daytime peaks. and The power station typically generates at least 8 MW, as below this value it will be necessary to spill water which will impact on the river downstream.

The base of the Artinskian stage is defined as the first appearance datum (FAD) of the conodont species Sweetognathus whitei and Mesogondolella bisselli. In order to constrain this age, the ICS subcommission on Permian stratigraphy informally proposed a candidate GSSP in 2002, later followed by a formal proposal in 2013. This candidate GSSP is the Dal'ny Tulkas roadcut in the Southern Urals, near the town of Krasnousolsky. U-Pb radiometric dating found that the base of the Artinskian was approximately 290.1 million years old (Ma), based on the position of the rock layer at the Dal'ny Tulkas roadcut containing the FAD of S. whitei relative to three precisely dated ash beds surrounding it.

Another meeting on 19 December 1942 noted that the original programme was conceived during a period of intense enemy activity, but now it appeared there was no immediate danger of a resumption of night attacks. "Owing to the acute shortage of manpower, and the need for men in other branches of the Services, as well as the factories, a datum line must be fixed as the safe low limit on which the United Kingdom's night defences can operate." The number of stations was once again set at 21, with another 13 of the mobile or transportable models. This also called for five existing mobile stations to shut down as the longer-ranged fixed stations covered their areas.

The international yard is defined as exactly 0.9144 metres. This definition was agreed on by the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand through the international yard and pound agreement of 1959. The US survey foot and survey mile have been maintained as separate units for surveying purposes to avoid the accumulation of error that would follow replacing them with the international versions, particularly with State Plane Coordinate Systems. The choice of unit for surveying purposes is based on the unit used when the overall framework or geodetic datum for the region was established, so that - for example - much of the former British empire still uses the Clarke foot for surveying.

In 1986, the high roofed Roadtrain interstate was introduced, a top of the range long distance truck with standing room inside. The Roadtrain was a common sight throughout most of the 1980s, with a great many of the major fleet users in the UK such as Tesco, Blue Circle Industries (unusually with high datum day cabs) and BRS running them. The firm of Swain's based in Rochester, Kent had a number of roadtrains in its fleet which enjoyed a comparatively long service life (until the late 1990s) before being replaced by the newer DAF 85. Sales were never quite satisfactory, however, with the vacation closure extended in 1986 to reduce unsold stock.

Height above mean sea level is a measure of the vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) of a location in reference to a historic mean sea level taken as a vertical datum. The combination of unit of measurement and the physical quantity (height) is called metres above mean sea level in the metric system, while in United States customary and imperial units it would be called feet above mean sea level. Mean sea levels are affected by climate change and other factors and change over time. For this and other reasons, recorded measurements of elevation above sea level might differ from the actual elevation of a given location over sea level at a given moment.

W. T. Shaw calculated that the old levels, known as Top Level, Middle Level and Gilgower's Level, had been driven at , and below the summit of the ridge. Samuel Murphy calculated that the three levels had been 659 metres above ordnance datum (AOD), 631 metres AOD and 581 metres AOD. These three old levels imply a lot of mining work had been done before William Sheffield abandoned the mine, some time before 1819. In addition, a fourth old level (the "Hush Level", see below) was driven in this early period, and a fifth level (later known as the "High Level", or the "High Horse Level") had been started before the mine was abandoned.

Looking upstream towards the site of Shewalton House. Shewalton Mill was a corn mill on the River Irvine, first recorded in the 17th century and shown with a weir across the river in the 19th century,Strawhorn, Page 176 inch OS Maps Retrieved : 2012-12-05 but is now a total ruin with only remnants of the weir surviving (datum 2012). John Cullen, buried at Dundonald, was one of the millers at Shewalton and died in 1797 aged 59.Dundonald Churchyard burials Retrieved : 2014-01-09 The two storey mill at Shewalton was operated via a sluice in the substantial weir and it had two waterwheels; unusually these were both fully enclosed and slate roofed.

The above argument invites the conclusion of a perceptual dualism that raises the issue of how and whether the object can be known by experience. The adverbial theory proposes "that this dualism is a dualism of objects, with perceptual experience being a more direct experience of objects of a different sort, sense-data." Perceptual dualism implies: > both an act of awareness (or apprehension) and an object (the sense-datum) > which that act apprehends or is an awareness of. The fundamental idea of the > adverbial theory, in contrast, is that there is no need for such objects and > the problems that they bring with them (such as whether they are physical or > mental or somehow neither).

San Carlos Water is a fjord-like inlet at an angle of 45° to the Falkland Sound coastline, thereby offering shelter from the weather in the Sound (which is itself sheltered from the South Atlantic by bluffs in the north and an archipelago in the south). The inlet is 9.3 miles (15 km) in length and for about half of its length, is about 1.2 miles (2 km) wide. It is flat-bottomed with a depth of between ; the 20 m isobath lying about 660 feet (200 m) offshore. The tidal range at Port San Carlos varies between (for neap and spring tides respectively) with low water being between above the chart datum.

The Younger Dryas impact hypothesis or Clovis comet hypothesis posits that fragments of a large (more than 4 kilometers in diameter), disintegrating asteroid or comet struck North America, South America, Europe, and western Asia about 12,800 years ago. Multiple airbursts/impacts produced the Younger Dryas (YD) boundary layer (YDB), depositing peak concentrations of platinum, high-temperature spherules, meltglass, and nanodiamonds, forming an isochronous datum at more than 50 sites across about 50 million km² of Earth’s surface. Some scientists have proposed that this event triggered extensive biomass burning, a brief impact winter and the Younger Dryas abrupt climate change, contributed to extinctions of late Pleistocene megafauna, and resulted in the end of the Clovis culture.

English has borrowed a great many words from Classical Latin and Classical Greek. Classical Latin has a very complex system of endings in which there are five categories or declensions of nouns, adjectives, and pronouns (some with sub-categories). Usually, in borrowing words from Latin, the endings of the nominative are used: nouns whose nominative singular ends in -a (first declension) have plurals in -ae (anima, animae); nouns whose nominative singular ends in -m (second declension neuter) have plurals in -a (stadium, stadia; datum, data). (For a full treatment, see Latin declensions.) Sometimes forms other than the nominative are seen: in partibus infidelibus ("in the lands of the heathens"), which is the plural dative (indirect object, approximately).

Canal elevations are referred to using the Precise Level Datum (PLD), which is close to the mean sea level of the Atlantic and Pacific entrances. The maximum operational level of Gatun Lake was raised by approximately from the previous PLD level of to a PLD level of . Combined with the widening and deepening of the navigational channels, this has increased Gatun Lake's usable water reserve capacity and allows the canal's water system to supply a daily average of of additional water. This additional water volume is enough to provide an annual average of approximately 1,100 additional lockages without affecting the water supply for human use, which is also provided from Gatun and Alhajuela Lakes.

According to Itarala, many intermarried between indigenous and African people, was which caused the origin of the Black Caribs. One datum in favour of the idea of Gullick is the physical separation between black Caribs and Yellow Caribs in the late 17th century. Perhaps because of its numerical dominance, the black community pushed the Yellow Caribs towards the leeward side of the island, staying them with the most flat and fertile part (but also more liable to be attacked from the sea) of windward. It also seems true that in 1700 the Yellows asked the intervention of the French against the Black Caribs, however, when visualized they should share their scarce land, preferred to give up the alliance.

MOVLAS repeater on integrated launch and recovery television surveillance system (ILARTS) The MOVLAS is a backup visual landing aid system used when the primary optical system (IFLOLS) is inoperable, stabilisation limits are exceeded or unreliable (primarily due to extreme sea states causing a pitching deck), and for pilot/LSO training. The system is designed to present glideslope information in the same visual form presented by the FLOLS. There are three installation modes aboard ship: STATION 1 is immediately in front of the FLOLS and utilises the FLOLS waveoff, datum, and cut light displays. STATION 2 and 3 are independent of the FLOLS and are located on the flight deck port and starboard side respectively.

The Halifax East Light Vessel No 6, which had been accurately fixed and used as a datum point for the search, was closed and inquiries made from the Captain where he estimated the sinking had taken place. Many ASDIC echoes were investigated. Echo sounder traces had been made off boulders on the bottom, and some looked promising; when crossed, however, on a course at right angles to the initial run-over, all proved to be false. The search was successful in so far as it was thorough and left no doubt that detection by any future search would be purely a matter of chance.Reports of Proceedings of BORDER CITIES in NS 1156-442/18.

The philosopher A. J. Ayer criticized Merleau-Ponty's arguments against the sense datum theory of perception, finding them inconclusive. He considered Merleau-Ponty's inclusion of a chapter on sexuality surprising, suggesting that Merleau-Ponty included it to give him an opportunity to revisit the Hegelian dialectic of the master and the slave. He compared Merleau-Ponty's views on sex to those of Sartre in Being and Nothingness. The sociologist Murray S. Davis observed that Merleau- Ponty's view that aspects of psychoanalysis, such as its attribution of meaning to all human actions and the diffusing of sexuality throughout the whole of human existence, are similar to phenomenology is controversial, and that other authors would view psychoanalysis as "materialistic and mechanical".

Although the road appears to be running uphill, a suitably free-running vehicle will slowly move off from a standstill. It was widely believed that vehicles were being propelled uphill by a mysterious magnetic force, but the road's apparently uphill slope is an optical illusion. This runs the quarter mile from the bend overlooking Croy railway viaduct in the west (286 feet Above Ordnance Datum) to the wooded Craigencroy Glen (303 feet A.O.D.) to the east. Whilst there is this slope of 1 in 86 upwards from the bend to the Glen, the configuration of the land on either side of the road provides an optical illusion making it look as if the slope is going the other way.

Curtis F. Shoup (January 11, 1921 - January 7, 1945) received the Medal of Honor for acts of bravery near Tillet in Belgium (now a deelgemeente of Sainte-Ode) on January 7, 1945. He was a graduate of Oswego High School in Oswego, New York. He is buried in North Scriba Union Cemetery in Scriba, New York and his grave can be found in Lot 290, which is in the 3rd row from the entrance driveway, 14th headstone from the public highway (North Road, also known as County Route 1). GPS coordinates: Datum WGS84, 43° 29' 18.9" N, 76° 23' 30.5" W Shoup joined the army from Buffalo, New York in August 1942.

307x307px The area of 300 sq.m. with a depth of 3-4 meters in Goytepe was studied after it was cleared from soil. The excavation area was divided into squares (numbered with numerical numbers – 1, 2, 3 ...) using a 10x10 grid system from the datum point to the north and to the east (labelled by letters – A, B, C ...). In order to ease stratigraphic reading, each square was then divided into 2 parts – west (I) and east (II). 4 squares on top of the mound (1A, 2A, 1B and 2B) were investigated by the Azerbaijani experts, whilst a sub-square (4BII) at the northern part of the hill was excavated by Japanese mission.

Lawyers Sluice, built in 1949, with the 2003 pumping station to the left In order to improve the gravity discharge of water from the district, the sluice into the River Nene at Peters Point was rebuilt in 1937. Its width was reduced slightly to , but the cill was lowered to below Ordnance Datum. In order to cope with the silty sub-soil in which the foundations had to be built, well point dewatering equipment was used for the first time in England. This consists of inserting small tubes into the ground and pumping them with a high-efficiency vacuum pump to lower the ground water levels, creating a dry and stable working environment.

As a professor of meteorology at MIT and Harvard in those days, he was instrumental in explaining to soaring pilots the intricacies of air mass analysis, and, as Director of the National Soaring Contests in 1936 and 1937, he did much to bring proper standards of organization and operation to the annual meets at Harris Hill. Lange was a Director of the Soaring Society from 1933 to 1939. Many pilots today use Lange-designed barographs featuring a fixed reference datum from which all aneroid pen deflections are measured. He was a man of many talents, a creative inventor and designer with interests ranging from pest control by aircraft to training chimpanzees for the Space Program.

In 1969, he organised an exhibition for the Arts Council on the American artist Charles Biederman, who for over 20 years worked exclusively on vividly coloured abstract reliefs. This experience coincided with a new intensity of colour in Denny's work, shifting from rich, dark harmonies to high, bright contrasts, from a sense of twilight to daylight. In 1981 Denny moved to Los Angeles, but he returned to London in 1986. In California Denny's painting again changed radically. In the late 1970s, the acrylic ‘Moonshine’ drawings had incorporated scratch marks, leading eventually to a series of large monochrome paintings where a concentrated cluster of scratching rests, with shockingly disruptive impact, on a thin horizontal: a datum line, never a ‘horizon’.

Vesely seems to confer a projective ability on spatiality that is thus knowable from its own potential to generate a situation. According to Vesely, the continuity of reference to ground exists within a permanent tension with the actual space, a continuity which under certain conditions may be disrupted and even destroyed (pp. 55–56). The fact that there are discrepancies between different levels of representation should perhaps be no surprise as it is the case of the above-mentioned examples of reading a map, or orienting oneself in a space under zero gravity. That there is discrepancy between the given representation of a space and the actual space is in fact a common datum of everyday experience.

Both the 1900 series and IBM System/360 provided hardware support for multi- programming. On the 1900 all user memory addresses were modified by a datum (base address) register and checked against a limit register, preventing one program interfering with another. The System/360 gave each process and every 2048-byte block of memory a four-bit key, and if a process key did not match the memory block key an exception would result. The 1900 system required programs to occupy a contiguous area of memory but allowed processes to be relocated during execution, simplifying the work of the operating system. The 1900 also allowed any process direct access to the first 4096 words of its address space.

The FP6000 ran under the control of operators executive, a simple operating system that allowed the operator using the system console to load programs from magnetic tape, cards or paper tape, allocate peripherals to programs and attribute priorities to running programs. Executive performed all the I/O operations on behalf of user programs, allowing allocation of different peripherals as needed. Despite its simplicity executive was, for the time, quite powerful, allocating memory to programs as needed (rather than the fixed partitions provided by OS/360). This was possible because the FP6000 design contained hardware to aid multi-programming, datum and limit registers which made programs address independent and avoided one program accessing the memory allocated to another.

Orashi river as an ancient trade and cultural route, has provided means of transportation and migration for indigenous communities who moved from one town to another by canoe for cultural, social or economic purposes on market days. To improve inland waterways in Nigeria, the Federal Government approved the dredging of the Orashi River from Oguta Lake in Imo State to Degema in Rivers State. The project which was awarded to Simidia S and I International Company in May 2012 was to be completed in 12 months. The 205 kilometers river was expected to be dredged with a bed width of 40 meters, top width of 70 meters and depth below dredging chart datum of 1.5 meters.

The Emile Seriser Bridge is a low-level, four-lane road bridge which crosses the Macquarie River in Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia. The bridge carries the Newell Highway, a major freight corridor, and along with the L.H. Ford Bridge on the Mitchell Highway makes Dubbo a major freight hub. The bridge is prone to flooding, being only 257.6 metres on the Australian Height Datum and lower than the 1-in-10-year recurrence interval flood level of 259.97 metres AHD for the Macquarie River at Dubbo. When the bridge is closed due to flooding, traffic is diverted to the two-lane L.H. Ford Bridge, which can result in congestion and long travel delays due to capacity issues.

The main transmission site on Three Rock is owned and operated by 2RN a subsidiary of Irish national broadcaster RTÉ, its 140-metre (360') cable stayed mast is close to the peak, which is 448 metres (1470') above Ordnance Datum. This site, and Cairn Hill in County Longford, were the first UHF television transmitters built by RTÉ to facilitate the introduction of their second television channel (RTÉ 2) in 1978. Both transmitters also helped improve television reception in their respective service areas. Since 1961 Dublin city had been served by the Kippure VHF television transmitter in County Wicklow which did not cover some Eastern and Southern parts of the city very satisfactorily.

In the Miami metropolitan area, where the vast majority of the land is below , even a one-foot increase over the average high tide can cause widespread flooding. The 2015 and 2016 king tide event levels reached about MLLW, above mean sea level, or about NAVD88, and nearly the same above MHHW. While the tide range is very small in Miami, averaging about , with the greatest range being less than , the area is very acute to minute differences down to single inches due to the vast area at low elevation. NOAA tide gauge data for most stations shows current water level graphs relative to a fixed vertical datum, as well as mean sea level trends for some stations.

Using cards to create an index was the brainchild of 18th-century naturalist Carl Linnaeus, who is known as "the father of modern taxonomy" for his work on categorizing species. For organizing data, he needed a system for that was expandable and able to be rearranged easily; so he kept each datum on an individual sheet, and could add new sheets and reorganize simply. Card catalogs as currently known arose in the 19th century, and Melvil Dewey standardized the index cards used in library card catalogs in the 1870s. In the late 1890s, edge-notched cards were invented, which allowed for easy sorting of data by means of a needle-like tool.

Weighing , needing four men to carry and considerable time to set up, the wireless proved of limited value. Artillery boards came into use, which had blank sheets with a grid in place of maps, datum shooting was used to check gun accuracy from a day and better calibration drills and meteor (weather) telegrams were announced. The tactical role of artillery was defined as, the overpowering of enemy artillery, the killing or incapacitating of enemy infantry and the destruction of defences and other obstacles to movement. Barbed-wire was the most difficult obstruction to tackle and was the best range for cutting it with field guns (with regular calibration and stable gun platforms), conditions which were not always met.

Null Island is a name for the point on the Earth's surface where the prime meridian and the equator cross, located in international waters in the Gulf of Guinea (Atlantic Ocean) off the west African coast. In the WGS84 datum, this is at zero degrees latitude and longitude (), and is the location of a buoy. The name 'Null Island' serves as both a joke based around the suppositional existence of an island there and as a name to which coordinates erroneously set to 0,0 are assigned in placenames databases in order to more easily find and fix them. The nearest land is a small islet offshore of Ghana, between Akwidaa and Dixcove at , to the north.

North of this area, a somewhat subdued valley segment continues to the northwest from 40.5°N to about 42.5°N (northwest of the crater Lowbury) where it is locally buried by impact crater ejecta and young (Amazonian-aged) plains material. This northern valley segment gradually loses its identity amid the narrow grabens of Tantalus Fossae. The elevation of the valley floor ranges from 885 m above datum (Mars "sea" level) in the south to 100 m or less in the north, where the northern segment of the valley begins to lose its definition. In cross-sectional profile, the valley is U-shaped to rectangular, with depths ranging from 20 to 50 m.

DataViva is an information visualization engine created by the Strategic Priorities Office of the government of Minas Gerais. DataViva makes official data about exports, industries, locations and occupations available for the entirety of Brazil through eight apps and more than 100 million possible visualizations. The first set of datum – also available at ALICEWEB – is provided by MDIC (Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade) / SECEX (Secretariat of Foreign Trade), an official institution of the Government of Brazil and shows foreign trade statistics for all exporting municipalities in the country. The other database, provided by Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego (MTE – Ministry of Labor and Employment), shows information about all of the industries and occupations in Brazil (RAIS – Annual Social Information Report).

It splits into two channels, one labelled Old Mill Stream, with three weirs on it, and the other labelled Wish Stream, with a weir at the upper end. As the channels leave the grounds of the Academy, they enter culverts which have allowed a superstore to be built over them, and emerge on the other side as a single stream. This then passes under the roundabout where the A30, A321 and A331 road meet, but construction of the roundabout in 1990 as part of the Blackwater Valley road scheme meant that the stream had to be diverted to the north, and the section through the roundabout no longer follows the county boundaries. As it enters the Blackwater, it is at above ordnance datum.

The general procedure is to start from a fixed central point, and to search the circumference of a circle where the radius is defined by a search line anchored at the central point. The radius of the circle is dependent on visibility, and is increased after each circle has been completed, by an amount which allows the diver to either see or feel an overlap between the current arc and the previous arc. One end of the distance line is carried by the diver and the other is attached to the datum position by any appropriate method. E.g. clipped to the base of a shot line, pegged into the bottom, tied to a fixed object on the bottom or held by another diver.

Some difficulties had been experienced building the Cantref dam, with two contractors failing to complete the work, which had resulted in the Corporation completing the job by using direct labour. For Beacons, they decided to use direct labour for the whole project, and work began in April 1893, in advance of obtaining the Act of Parliament. The site was remote, and situated around Above Ordnance Datum. By the auturm of 1893, a whole village had been created near the dam site, with sidings and running roads on the railway, workshops for carpenters, a blacksmith's workshop, a boiler house, a fitting shop, a shed for the locomotives, a saw mill, stables for the horses, a wagon shop and accommodation for 335 men.

Free-air gravity anomalies are relatively easier to measure than the Bouguer anomalies as long as topography data is available because it does not need to eliminate the gravitational effect due to the effect of mass surplus or deficit of the terrain after the gravity is reduced to sea level. However, to interpret the crustal structure, further elimination of such gravitational effect is necessary so that the reduced gravity would only be the result of the core, mantle and crust below datum. The product after elimination is the Bouguer anomalies. However, density of the material in building up the terrain would be the most important constraint in the calculation, which may vary laterally on the planet and is affected by porosity and geochemistry of the rock.

The bishop, at the instance of John de Infills, the surviving founder, Thomas, being then dead, or that, after a year and a day from their entering into this Oratory, no one shall accept of any other benefice, or shall depart the house, A/Hum et datum in eliflo Oratorio de Barton, a. 1289, Jordant de Kingston et aliis testittu. The archpriest being suspended by the bishop, the dean of the island was ordered to take charge of his Oratory in the house at Burton. Soon after, the archpriest being a captive in France, and the house of Burton in a ruinous condition, the bishop gave orders for the house to be repaired, and other necessary things to be done.

An operational account of concepts mainly eliminates the ineffable: "If your hours are felt as twice as long as mine, your pounds twice as heavy, that makes no difference, which can be tested, in our assignment of physical properties to things." Hence a concept is but a relational pattern. But it does not follow that one ought to discard the world as it is experienced: > In one sense, that of connotation, a concept strictly comprises nothing but > an abstract configuration of relations. In another sense, its denotation or > empirical application, this meaning is vested in a process which > characteristically begins with something given and ends with something done > in the operation which translates a presented datum into an instrument of > prediction and control.

A proper list is either the special (empty list) symbol, or a cons in which the points to a datum (which may be another cons structure, such as a list), and the points to another proper list. If a given cons is taken to be the head of a linked list, then its car points to the first element of the list, and its cdr points to the rest of the list. For this reason, the and functions are also called and when referring to conses which are part of a linked list (rather than, say, a tree). Thus, a Lisp list is not an atomic object, as an instance of a container class in C++ or Java would be.

A standard deviation from this curve was established, and any raw datum point showing a deviation as large as three times the standard was discarded. Then second-degree curves were similarly fitted to the azimuth/time and elevation/time data. The three second-degree polynomials - for range/time, azimuth/time, and elevation/time - were used to generate a value for position and velocity at mean time of observation, and on the basis of these values an initial estimate of the elliptical trajectory was made. In computing the elliptical path, the earth is physically considered a rotating homogeneous sphere and geometrically considered an ellipsoid -that is, its equatorial bulge is ignored in the gravitational computation but not with respect to intersections of its surface.

A corn mill, later a thrashing mill used to thrash grain, separating the cereal's seeds from the husk and stalks by a beating action that made all the seeds drop out. Located on the Todrigs Burn it was located to the north of the hamlet with a mill pond standing close to Todrigs Farm however this has been infilled. A large irregular shaped curling pond was located at West Todrigs Farm, west of the farm house and shown in 1897 and 1908 served by the Todrigs Burn is all that survives of the old Caprington Loch (datum 2018). The Todrigs Burn rises in the Coodham area and is also fed by the Slough Burn that rises in the Dankeith Estate.

In order to achieve this, a new lock and sluice structure was built on the Prescott Channel, but in order to maintain water at the desired levels, a sluice to prevent water bypassing the new structure was necessary on the Three Mills Wall River, and so Three Mills Wall River Weir was built a short distance above Three Mills. The weir has been constructed across the Three Mills Wall River (also known as Shortwall) by British Waterways.Revitalising London’s Olympic Waterways (British Waterways) accessed 29 March 2010 In conjunction with Three Mills Lock and sluice, the two structures stabilise levels at above ordnance datum (AOD) around the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, whereas they used to rise to AOD previously. The structures came into operation in 2009.

The Knock of Alves is a small wooded hill that lies to the west of Elgin in Moray, Scotland, and rises to above ordnance datum. Its summit is marked by York Tower – a 3-storey octagonal folly erected in 1827 to commemorate Prince Frederick, the Duke of York; and the Forteath Mausoleum – built in 1850 as the burial place of 7 members of the Forteath family of the nearby house of Newton. The hill is the site of a hill fort commonly classed as a member of a group that also includes Craig Phadrig and Knock Farril to the west and Tap o' Noth and Dunnideer to the south east. These are characterised as massively constructed oblong forts, commonly exhibiting evidence of vitrification.

Justinian, following Paul, gives many senses in which the word inuria is used, with the Greek equivalent in each case. It might mean unlawful action, as in damnum iniuria datum; it might mean any unlawful interference with right; it might mean an unjust judgment, but, as a special delict, it meant contumelia, insult or outrage, represented in Greek by ὕβρις (hubris). The XII Tables contained provisions against a certain number of forms of insult, probably only assaults, usually subjecting them to a fixed money penalty. This crude system, limited in scope and inflicting penalties which with changes in the value of money had become derisory in the later Republic, was then superseded in practice by a series of praetorian edicts.

Since at least 1980, motorways have had distance marker posts, aka Blakedale Posts, installed at 100 metre intervals alongside the hard shoulder. These posts are used to help pinpoint road locations for maintenance and emergency purposes, and also show the direction to the nearest emergency roadside telephone. The numbers on the posts, for which no units are given, are derived from the distance, in kilometres, of the post from a reference datum location such as a city centre, an administrative boundary or some other feature. On the M25 for example, distances are referenced to a point near Junction 31 even though the section of the ring road between Junction 31 (post 186.6) and Junction 1a (post 5.7) is the A282, not the M25.

The now solely freight line running through the station site is still operational (datum 2018), serving the Killoch Washery that lies to the south-east, beyond the village of Drongan. Auchencruive Colliery Platform was a similar station built for the sole use miners and it was located a short distance to the East of Mossblown Junction, serving the workers of the colliery from 1898 to 1926.Wham, Page 83 Miner's platforms were not unusual and another existed as Bargany Colliery Platform near Killochan on the line to Girvan.Lindsay, Page 7, Part 2.1 The next station south on the Ayr - Cumnock branch used to be Trabboch, now closed and demolished, near Stair and the hamlet of that name and the colliery served by the railway.

Solutions based on discontinuous functions may also be defined. In particular, for some placements of the two points the optimal solution is generated by a discontinuous function that is nonzero at the two points and zero everywhere else. This function leads to a surface of revolution consisting of two circular disks, one for each point, connected by a degenerate line segment along the axis of revolution. This is known as a Goldschmidt solution after German mathematician Carl Wolfgang Benjamin Goldschmidt, who announced his discovery of it in his 1831 paper "Determinatio superficiei minimae rotatione curvae data duo puncta jungentis circa datum axem ortae" ("Determination of the surface-minimal rotation curve given two joined points about a given axis of origin").

Although Trinity Inlet provided a safe harbour, continuous dredging of a channel through the bar was required for larger vessels to reach the inlet, and the depths required were calculated from the datum indicated by the bench mark at Bessie Point. For example, in 1890 the bar was dredged to provide depth of water in a channel at low water ordinary spring tides, but by 1894 part of the channel had re-silted to a depth of . Later the bar cutting was dredged to in 1902, only to re-silt to by 1905. The Cairns Harbour Board took over the port in 1906, and concrete wharves were commenced in 1910. By 1915 a deep entrance channel had been dredged, and the bar cutting was long.

The other side of the stone features a crab, the astrological symbol of the Hebrew month of Tammuz, on the first day of which Yodfat fell. The stone is believed to have been the work of a besieged Jew anticipating his own impending doom, and its likeness has been etched on a modern memorial to the defenders of Yodfat placed at the foot of the Roman siege ramp. The Roman ramp in the saddle below the Yodefat wall towers was a twin ramp and where it became steep, ramp infill was held in place by still visible concrete revetment. In 1993 a University of Rochester archaeological team mapped a square kilometer centered on a brass datum placed near the center of Yodefat hill by British surveyors.

Mileage is given only for Bathurst, Windsor, Parramatta, Liverpool, South Head and the North Head of Botany Bay. This was nevertheless the first major expansion of Sydney town into the interior of New South Wales, compared to when Macquarie first became Governor when he described the poor state of the colony, noting that the roads only penetrated forty miles into the interior. Built between 1816 and 1818, the obelisk before the Department of Lands building is literally the "hub" of NSW, the datum point from which all distances in NSW were measured from Sydney. Its inscriptions record the extent of the road network in 1818. The Obelisk operated as the "zero point" for measuring the distance of roads from Sydney from 1818.

The Haußelberg is a hill, above NN, in the Lüneburg Heath in the north German district of Celle. It is a popular viewing point in the otherwise very flat terrain of the Südheide Nature Park. New trig point on the Haußelberg In 1820 King George IV of England tasked the Professor of Astronomy and Director of the Observatory at Göttingen University, Carl Friedrich Gauss, to survey the Kingdom of Hanover. The mathematician Gauss used the summit of the Haußelberg as one of the triangulation stations for his land surveys, triangulating it to the Falkenberg, AMSL,AMSL = above mean sea level or, more specifically, above the European datum, Normalnull further west near Wardböhmen and to the Wilseder Berg, AMSL, to the north.

Chapter 4: Well Backstripping and Subsidence Analysis in Gravity Anomalies, Flexure and the Thermo-Mechanical Evolution of the West Iberia Margin and its Conjugate of Newfoundland (2008), PhD Thesis by Tiago Cunha It is a method by which successive layers of basin fill sediment are "stripped off" the total stratigraphy during analysis of that basin's history. In a typical scenario, a sedimentary basin deepens away from a marginal flexure, and the accompanying isochronous strata typically thicken basinward. By isolating the isochronous packages one-by-one, these can be "peeled off" or backstripped - and the lower bounding surface rotated upward to a datum. By successively backstripping isochrons, the basin's deepening history can be plotted in reverse, leading to clues as to its tectonic or isostatic origin.

Anseris Mons is an isolated massif (mountain) in the southern highlands of Mars, located at the northeastern edge of Hellas Planitia at longitude 86.65°E and latitude 29.81°S. The mountain is in diameter and rises to an elevation of approximately 4,200 m (13,780 ft) above datum (martian "sea" level) or about 6,200 m (20,300 ft) above the surrounding plains.JMARS MOLA elevation dataset. Christensen, P.; Gorelick, N.; Anwar, S.; Dickenshied, S.; Edwards, C.; Engle, E. (2007) "New Insights About Mars From the Creation and Analysis of Mars Global Datasets;" American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting, abstract #P11E-01. The mountain lies in the southeastern quarter of the Iapygia quadrangle (MC-21), straddling the boundary with the adjoining Hellas quadrangle (MC-28) to the south.

Naturally-occurring illusions best illustrate the argument's points, a notable example concerning a stick: I have a stick, which appears to me to be straight, but when I hold it underwater it seems to bend and distort. I know that the stick is straight and that its apparent flexibility is a result of its being seen through the water, yet I cannot change the mental image I have of the stick as being bent. Since the stick is not in fact bent its appearance can be described as an illusion. Rather than directly perceiving the stick, which would entail our seeing it as it truly is, we must instead perceive it indirectly, by way of an image or "sense-datum".

In order to be unambiguous about the direction of "vertical" and the "horizontal" surface above which they are measuring, map-makers choose a reference ellipsoid with a given origin and orientation that best fits their need for the area to be mapped. They then choose the most appropriate mapping of the spherical coordinate system onto that ellipsoid, called a terrestrial reference system or geodetic datum. Datums may be global, meaning that they represent the whole Earth, or they may be local, meaning that they represent an ellipsoid best-fit to only a portion of the Earth. Points on the Earth's surface move relative to each other due to continental plate motion, subsidence, and diurnal Earth tidal movement caused by the Moon and the Sun.

According to Kak, the Satapatha Brahmana itself contains astronomical references dated by academics such as P.C. Sengupta 'to c. 2100 B.C.E', and references the drying up of the Sarasvati river, believed to have occurred around 1900 B.C.E: Scholars have extensively rejected Kak's arguments; Witzel criticizes Kak for "faulty reasoning" and taking "a rather dubious datum and us[ing] it to reinterpret Vedic linguistic, textual, ritual history while neglect[ing] all the other contradictory data." According to Witzel, the Shatapatha Brahmana does not contain precise contemporary astronomical records, but rather only approximate naked-eye observations for ritual concerns which likely reflect oral remembrances of older time periods; furthermore, the same general observations are recorded in the Babylonian MUL.APIN tablets of c.

Deuterium occurs in trace amounts naturally as deuterium gas, written 2 or D2, but most natural occurrence in the Universe is bonded with a typical atom, a gas called hydrogen deuteride (HD or ). The existence of deuterium on Earth, elsewhere in the Solar System (as confirmed by planetary probes), and in the spectra of stars, is also an important datum in cosmology. Gamma radiation from ordinary nuclear fusion dissociates deuterium into protons and neutrons, and there are no known natural processes other than the Big Bang nucleosynthesis, which might have produced deuterium at anything close to its observed natural abundance. Deuterium is produced by the rare cluster decay, and occasional absorption of naturally occurring neutrons by light hydrogen, but these are trivial sources.

It is called the far zero and defines the current sight in distance for the gun. Projectile path is described numerically as distances above or below the horizontal sighting plane at various points along the trajectory. This is in contrast to projectile drop which is referenced to the plane containing the line of departure regardless of the elevation angle. Since each of these two parameters uses a different reference datum, significant confusion can result because even though a projectile is tracking well below the line of departure it can still be gaining actual and significant height with respect to the line of sight as well as the surface of the earth in the case of a horizontal or near horizontal shot taken over flat terrain.

The Siegel modular variety Ag, which parametrize principally polarized abelian varieties of dimension g, can be constructed as the complex analytic spaces constructed as the quotient of the Siegel upper half-space of degree g by the action of a symplectic group. Complex analytic spaces have naturally associated algebraic varieties by Serre's GAGA. The Siegel modular variety Ag(n), which parametrize principally polarized abelian varieties of dimension g with a level n-structure, arises as the quotient of the Siegel upper half-space by the action of the principal congruence subgroup of level n of a symplectic group. A Siegel modular variety may also be constructed as a Shimura variety defined by the Shimura datum associated to a symplectic vector space.

Random access compared to sequential access Random access (more precisely and more generally called direct access) is the ability to access an arbitrary element of a sequence in equal time or any datum from a population of addressable elements roughly as easily and efficiently as any other, no matter how many elements may be in the set. In computer science it is typically contrasted to sequential access which requires data to be retrieved in the order it was stored. For example, data might be stored notionally in a single sequence like a row, in two dimensions like rows and columns on a surface, or in multiple dimensions. However, given all the coordinates, a program can access each record about as quickly and easily as any other.

Unlike marine seismic data, land seismic data has to be corrected for the elevation differences between the shot and receiver locations. This correction is in the form of a vertical time shift to a flat datum and is known as a statics correction, but will need further correcting later in the processing sequence because the velocity of the near-surface is not accurately known. This further correction is known as a residual statics correction. Seismic migration is the process by which seismic events are geometrically re-located in either space or time to the location the event occurred in the subsurface rather than the location that it was recorded at the surface, thereby creating a more accurate image of the subsurface.

The Working Group II: Impacts, Adaption and Vulnerability report states that "The Netherlands is an example of a country highly susceptible to both sea-level rise and river flooding because 55% of its territory is below sea level". This was based on data it had received from the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (the PBL). When the Dutch government raised questions, the PBL acknowledged in a statement that it had supplied the incorrect wording to the IPCC, "This should have read that 55 per cent of the Netherlands is at risk of flooding; 26 per cent of the country is below sea level, and 29 per cent is susceptible to river flooding." It used Normaal Amsterdams Peil as the datum for sea level.

Hash functions are used in conjunction with Hash table to store and retrieve data items or data records. The hash function translates the key associated with each datum or record into a hash code which is used to index the hash table. When an item is to be added to the table, the hash code may index an empty slot (also called a bucket), in which case the item is added to the table there. If the hash code indexes a full slot, some kind of collision resolution is required: the new item may be omitted (not added to the table), or replace the old item, or it can be added to the table in some other location by a specified procedure.

The "Long Earth" is a name given to a possibly infinite series of parallel worlds that are similar to Earth, which can be reached by using an inexpensive device called a "Stepper". The "close" worlds are almost identical to "our" Earth (referred to as "Datum Earth"), while others differ in greater and greater details. All share one similarity: on none are there, or have there ever been, Homo sapiens - although the same cannot be said for earlier hominid species, especially Homo habilis. The books explore the theme of how humanity might develop when freed from resource constraints: one example Pratchett has cited is that wars result from lack of land, and he was curious as to what would happen if there was no shortage of land or other resources.

These arguments lean towards the "nurture" side of the argument: that language is acquired through sensory experience, which led to Rudolf Carnap's Aufbau, an attempt to learn all knowledge from sense datum, using the notion of "remembered as similar" to bind them into clusters, which would eventually map into language. Proponents of behaviorism argued that language may be learned through a form of operant conditioning. In B. F. Skinner's Verbal Behavior (1957), he suggested that the successful use of a sign, such as a word or lexical unit, given a certain stimulus, reinforces its "momentary" or contextual probability. Since operant conditioning is contingent on reinforcement by rewards, a child would learn that a specific combination of sounds stands for a specific thing through repeated successful associations made between the two.

POSIX Threads and OpenMP are two of the most widely used shared memory APIs, whereas Message Passing Interface (MPI) is the most widely used message-passing system API.The Sidney Fernbach Award given to MPI inventor Bill Gropp refers to MPI as "the dominant HPC communications interface" One concept used in programming parallel programs is the future concept, where one part of a program promises to deliver a required datum to another part of a program at some future time. CAPS entreprise and Pathscale are also coordinating their effort to make hybrid multi-core parallel programming (HMPP) directives an open standard called OpenHMPP. The OpenHMPP directive-based programming model offers a syntax to efficiently offload computations on hardware accelerators and to optimize data movement to/from the hardware memory.

State legislation in the U.S. is important for determining which conversion factor from the metric datum is to be used for land surveying and real estate transactions, even though the difference (2 ppm) is hardly significant, given the precision of normal surveying measurements over short distances (usually much less than a mile). Twenty-four states have legislated that surveying measures be based on the U.S. survey foot, eight have legislated that they be based on the international foot, and eighteen have not specified which conversion factor to use. In October 2019, U.S. National Geodetic Survey and National Institute of Standards and Technology announced their joint intent to retire the U.S. survey foot and U.S. survey mile, as permitted by their 1959 decision, with effect from the end of 2022.

Datus or Datos (), also Datum or Daton (Δάτον and Δᾶτον), was an ancient Greek cityAn Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen,2005,Index located in ancient Macedonia, located in the region between the river Strymon and the river Nestos. It was founded by colonists from Thasos at 360 BCE. Datos was founded with the help and support of the Athenian exiled orator, Callistratus of Aphidnae.An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen,2005,page 855 Datos was a seaport, close to Mount Pangaion with its rich gold veins and to another Thasian colony, Crenides.

Salvis tenementis burgensium nostrorum de > Neth...Datum per manum W. de Gray cancellarii nostri apud Wudestock, v. die > Augusti, anno regni nostri ix. (John by the grace of God (king of > England...other titles and styles)...Know ye all that we have given and > conceded and by our present charter confirmed to God and to the Church of > the Holy Trinity of Neath and to the monks there serving God the place where > the castle of Richard de Grenville once was with all its appurtenances and > all the land which the same Richard held between the (Rivers) Thawy and > Neath, in wood and plain with all appurtenances. To have and to hold in pure > and perpetual frankalmoinage, free from all service just as the foresaid > Richard gave to them before and as his charter confirmed.

The old Salmon or Black Hut Carleton Port and Carleton Fishery A small port was located at Carleton Port, used until the 1950s judging from old photographs, consisting once of a mast for drying nets, a concrete slip way, a winch, break waters built from stones cleared to give a sandy landing area and the 'Black or Salmon hut' built onto an old sea stack, dating from at least 1938 where the fishermen kept their nets, etc. In 1832 the Carleton Fishery was built, consisting of a row of fishermens cottages that survive as private dwellings. One of the last fishermen had the nickname 'Mahogany', presumably from his sun and weather beaten skin colour. The remains of an old boat still lies close to the black hut (datum 2018).

The village of Hail Weston lies on the southern side of the River Kym (previously known as the River Hail or River Hale) which meanders through the parish towards the river Great Ouse; the parish lies between and above ordnance datum and the parish covers an area of . The River Kym marks the eastern boundary of the parish and there is a ford on the road between Hail Weston and Little Paxton. The village and parish lies on a bedrock of Oxford clay and in regions there are superficial Glaciofluvial and River Terrace deposits of sand and gravel from the Quaternary period, together with alluvium (clay and silt) from the same period. Generally, the soil in the parish is classified as a lime-rich loamy soil with impeded drainage.

CICs are widely depicted in film and television treatments, frequently with large maps, numerous computer consoles and radar and sonar repeater displays or consoles, as well as the almost ubiquitous grease-pencil annotated polar plot on an edge-lighted transparent plotting board. At the time the CIC concept was born, the projected map-like polar display (PPI scopes) with the ship at the center was making its way into radar displays displacing the A-scope which was simply a time-delayed blip showing a range on an oscilloscope Cathode ray tube. Such polar plots are used routinely in navigation and military action management to display time-stamped range and bearing information to the CIC decision makers. A single 'mark' (range and bearing datum) bears little actionable decision-making information by itself.

The precession rate is not a constant, but is (at the moment) slowly increasing over time, as indicated by the linear (and higher order) terms in T. In any case it must be stressed that this formula is only valid over a limited time period. It is a polynomial expression centred on the J2000 datum, empirically fitted to observational data, not on a deterministic model of the solar system. It is clear that if T gets large enough (far in the future or far in the past), the T² term will dominate and p will go to very large values. In reality, more elaborate calculations on the numerical model of the Solar System show that the precessional constants have a period of about 41,000 years, the same as the obliquity of the ecliptic.

Production ended in 1990 with the sale of Leyland Trucks to Dutch firm DAF, although as a postscript DAF relaunched the model in low-datum form (it was already manufacturing the large DAF 95) as the DAF 80, using the Roadtrain cab with the DAF 330 ATi engine (quite ironic, given that this engine had its roots in the Leyland O.680). This model was produced for a relatively short time until 1993 with the launch of the brand new cabbed DAF 85. Due partly to the cab's propensity to rust and also to the admittedly short life of commercial vehicles, any Roadtrain in commercial operation is now a very rare sight indeed. However, a small number remain in use throughout the country as towing-and-recovery vehicles.

In collaboration with his colleague Donald Ivey, he helped to steer the teaching of physics in a new direction through the use of educational television programs and movies. Starting in 1958 Hume and Ivey prepared and presented over one hundred television programs for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation on various physics topics. Short films for the PSSC such as Frames of Reference and the CBC TV show The Nature of Things used humour and creative camerawork to make physics accessible to a wider range of students. In 1958 with Calvin Gotlieb he published High-speed Data Processing, the first book on using computers in business which was "recognized by The Oxford English Dictionary in twelve computer-related entries: block, character, datum, generator, housekeeping, in-line, interpreter, keyboard, logical, loop, matrix and simulate".

The main village sits well above steep coastal banks on a rolling plain below two promontories, Arthur's Stone, Gower on the peninsular's main escarpment Cefn Bryn, specifically being its western burial mound sometimes called Burnt Mound (154 metres Above Ordnance Datum); and a closer example, a small freestanding tor equally close to the coast, Cilifor Top at 118 metres. The coast here consists of broad and long Llanrhidian Marsh followed by similar-size (tidal) Llanrhidian Sands and then the relatively thinly watered Loughor Estuary at low tide; Llanelli, Pwll and Burry Port (Porth Tywyn) face the other side of the estuary and lack such a marsh habitat though have more mudflats in places. Llanrhidian Lower has a community council of six councillors, who meet monthly at Llanrhiddian Community Hall.

All methods of field survey were used, much based on the urgency of the need: astronomy, triangulation, theodolite and chain traverse, plane-tabling, compass traverse, levelling, trigonometric heighting, barometry, intersection of prominent features behind the enemy to improve artillery targeting. A narrow triangulation chain was carried from the astronomic datum at Wau, north through Bulolo into the Markham Valley in anticipation of the Australian attacks on Japanese held Lae. In October the sub-section was to be relieved and they walked out 110km to the south coast on the Wau-Bulldog road and then by steamer to Port Moresby. After sixteen months of active service 8 Aust Fd Svy Sect was absorbed as No 2 Field Section of 6th Aust Army Topographic Survey Company and moved to Australia.

The lex Aquilia (strictly, a plebiscite) was possibly enacted in 286 BC, or at some other point in the 3rd century BC. It was concerned with damage done from damnum iniuria datum, "damage unlawfully inflicted", a kind of a delict (or tort), albeit with differences from tort as known in modern common law systems and the Scots Law of Delict. The most pertinent provisions were in the first and third chapters of the law. Only a limited subset of torts was included in the law as enacted. The first section stated that someone who unlawfully, or wrongfully as it later became known, killed another man's slaves or herd animal (pecus) should pay the owner the highest value that the slave or the beast had over the past year.

For Kangxi therefore it must have been unlikely to imagine alliance with a distant, European kingdom as essential in maintaining safety. Verbiest died on 28th of January 1688, 10 months before the date of the last letter of John III Sobieski, which indicated a depth of prior communication between them: “Joannes Tertius Dei gratia Rex Poloniae… Datum Jaworowiae, die 16 Novembris anno Domini 1688 Regni vero Nostri XV. Joannes Rex.” The fact that the letter was hand-written by the Polish King himself indicates the great importance he attached to this matter. Although the letter returned unanswered, it has not stopped John III from further attempts of establishing diplomatic ties with the Chinese court. Sobieski continued to exchange letters with Philippus Maria Grimaldi, the successor of Verbiest on the Kangxi’s court.

Compliance is mandatory and thus if an operator does not comply with an AD, then the datum aircraft is not considered airworthy and further operation of the affected aircraft type would be unlawful, making the operator liable to legal action by the relevant national aviation authority, and rendering null-and-void any of the operator's insurance policies relating to the type, such as hull loss and accident third party coverage. ADs may also be raised with changes of the local or global aviation rules and requirements, e.g., the requirement to fit armored cockpit doors for all airliners past 9-11. The certifying authority issues an AD when an unsafe condition is found to exist in a product (aircraft, aircraft engine, propeller, or appliance) of a particular type design.

After a short experience in Paris, where he met the most important artistic personalities of the time between 1920 and 1930, Pirandello entered the movement of Scuola Romana, distinguishing himself for originality and solitary exploration. His painting tends towards a quotidian realism manifested at times in the more unpleasant and pitiless aspects of life, expressed through a dense and thorny pictorial matter.Cf. F. Negri Arnoldi, Storia dell'Arte Moderna, Milan 1990, pp. 616–620. His vision is an intellectualist one, which however translates even the most brutal naturalist datum into a sort of magic realism with an archaic and metaphysical taste.E.g., see images of Composizione con nudi e pantofole gialle, 1923 ("Composition with nudes and yellow slippers"), Donne con salamandra, 1930 ("Women with salamander"), Crocifissione laica, 1935 ("Lay Crucifixion").

Conversion of coordinates and map positions among different map projections reference to the same datum may be accomplished either through direct translation formulas from one projection to another, or by first converting from a projection A to an intermediate coordinate system, such as ECEF, then converting from ECEF to projection B. The formulas involved can be complex and in some cases, such as in the ECEF to geodetic conversion above, the conversion has no closed-form solution and approximate methods must be used. References such as the DMA Technical Manual 8358.1 and the USGS paper Map Projections: A Working Manual contain formulas for conversion of map projections. It is common to use computer programs to perform coordinate conversion tasks, such as with the DoD and NGA supported GEOTRANS program.

The coordinate origin of WGS 84 is meant to be located at the Earth's center of mass; the uncertainty is believed to be less than 2 cm. The WGS 84 meridian of zero longitude is the IERS Reference Meridian,European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation and IfEN: WGS 84 Implementation Manual, p. 13. 1998 5.3 arc seconds or east of the Greenwich meridian at the latitude of the Royal Observatory. The WGS 84 datum surface is an oblate spheroid with equatorial radius a = m at the equator and flattening f = 1/. The refined value of the WGS 84 gravitational constant (mass of Earth’s atmosphere included) is GM = ×108 m³/s². The angular velocity of the Earth is defined to be ω = 72.92115×10−6 rad/s.

Although it is useful as a heuristic in developing models of reaction mechanisms, it has been shown to fail as a criterion for selecting among some selected published models. In this context, Einstein himself expressed caution when he formulated Einstein's Constraint: "It can scarcely be denied that the supreme goal of all theory is to make the irreducible basic elements as simple and as few as possible without having to surrender the adequate representation of a single datum of experience". An often-quoted version of this constraint (which cannot be verified as posited by Einstein himself) says "Everything should be kept as simple as possible, but not simpler." In the scientific method, parsimony is an epistemological, metaphysical or heuristic preference, not an irrefutable principle of logic or a scientific result.

For example, the solutions of the Laplace, modified Helmholtz and Helmholtz equations in the interior of the two-dimensional domain \Omega, can be expressed as integrals along the boundary of \Omega. However, these representations involve both the Dirichlet and the Neumann boundary values, thus since only one of these boundary values is known from the given data, the above representations are not effective. In order to obtain an effective representation, one needs to characterize the generalized Dirichlet to Neumann map; for example, for the Dirichlet problem one needs to obtain the Neumann boundary value in terms of the given Dirichlet datum. For elliptic PDEs, the Fokas method: # Provides an elegant formulation of the generalised Dirichlet to Neumann map by deriving an algebraic relation, called the global relation, which couples appropriate transforms of all boundary values.

This may seem implausible, since there is nothing red in a brain to act as a sense datum. However, it is perfectly consistent—in the sense that the data "are red" when experienced directly, even though the physical processes of perception may not appear red if they were experienced in a contrived and inappropriately indirect way, such as by examining the brain of the experiencer with scientific instruments. On some theories, the tomato itself is not red except in the eyes of a red-seeing being. Thus when one says that a neural state is or is not 'red' without referring the judgement of redness to the owner of the neurons concerned, there is an assumption that things can have innate appearances without reference to perceivers—which is implicitly denied by the sense data theory.

Sensor slant range Sensor slant range (1) In radio electronics, especially radar terminology, slant range is the line-of-sight distance along a slant direction between two points which are not at the same level relative to a specific datum. An example of slant range is the distance to an aircraft flying at high altitude with respect to that of the radar antenna. The slant range (1) is the hypotenuse of the triangle represented by the altitude of the aircraft and the distance between the radar antenna and the aircraft's ground track (point (3) on the earth directly below the aircraft). In the absence of altitude information, for example from a height finder, the aircraft location would be plotted farther (2) from the antenna than its actual ground track.

The 'Roman Signpost' on Bignor Hill. The direct line from London Bridge to Chichester passes over the North Downs at Ranmore (200 m above Ordnance Datum), the Greensand Ridge at Holmbury St Mary (260 m OD) and over the South Downs near Goodwood Racecourse (167 m OD). The steep gradients which would have been required if the road had followed a direct line would not have been practical for wheeled traffic and so the Roman engineers designed the road to cross the North Downs by natural breach cut by the River Mole and to pass to the east of the high ground of Leith Hill. The geology of the region was also considered and the road leaves the direct line at Ewell to move onto the well-drained chalk of the North Downs, in preference to remaining on the London Clay.

Google Maps displays satellite imagery using the WGS-84 coordinate system, and street maps using the GCJ-02 datum The China GPS shift (or offset) problem is a class of issues stemming from the difference between the GCJ-02 and WGS-84 datums. Global Positioning System coordinates are expressed using the WGS-84 standard and when plotted on street maps of China that follow the GCJ-02 coordinates, they appear off by a large (often over 500 meters) and variable amount. Authorized providers of location-based services and digital maps (such as AutoNavi or NavInfo) must purchase a "shift correction" algorithm that enables plotting GPS locations correctly on the map. Satellite imagery and user-contributed street map data sets, such as those from OpenStreetMap also display correctly because they have been collected using GPS devices (albeit technically illegally - see Legislation).

Ksar Akil, 10 km northwest of Beirut, is a large rock shelter below a steep limestone cliff where excavations have shown occupational deposits reaching down to a depth of with one of the longest sequences of Paleolithic flint archaeological industry is a very well tained Upper Levalloiso-Mousterian remains with long and triangular Lithic flakes. The level above this showed industries accounting for all six stages of the Upper Paleolithic. An Emireh point was found at the first stage of this level (XXIV), at around below datum with a complete skeleton of an eight-year-old Homo sapiens (called Egbert, now in the National Museum of Beirut after being studied in America) was discovered at , cemented into breccia. A fragment of a Neanderthal maxilla was also discovered in material from level XXVI or XXV, at around .

There are the following differences in the use of the NACK bus signaling: In I²C, a slave receiver is allowed to not acknowledge the slave address, if for example it's unable to receive because it's performing some real time task. SMBus requires devices to acknowledge their own address always, as a mechanism to detect a removable device's presence on the bus (battery, docking station, etc.) I²C specifies that a slave device, although it may acknowledge its own address, may decide, some time later in the transfer, that it cannot receive any more data bytes. I²C specifies that the device may indicate this by generating the not acknowledge on the first byte to follow. Other than to indicate a slave's device-busy condition, SMBus also uses the NACK mechanism to indicate the reception of an invalid command or datum.

Since only the first of these agreed with the two dates he had derived when starting from the Parian Marble (969 and 968), he decided on 968/67 BC as the time of foundation of the Temple. He assumed Tyre used Tishri-based years, since the use of Phoenician month-names (Ziv, Bul, Ethanim) in the time of Solomon suggested that Israel and Tyre were using the same calendar at this time in their histories.V. Coucke, "Chronologie des rois de Juda et d’Israël," Revue bénedictine 37 (1925), p. 327. With this assumption, he then turned to the biblical datum that construction began in the spring month of Ziv, deriving the date for the beginning of construction as the spring of 967 BC, with Solomon’s fourth year (1 Kings 6:1) starting in Tishri of 968 BC.

The hill is the lowest in Surrey to be listed by the national database of hills of Britain and Ireland, which records claims for all Munros and all other popularly used categories, ranking 36th and as a >50 tump. The easterly peak is the highest point of the three boroughs in the north-west corner of Surrey and has the highest summit to be strictly private, a higher semi-private Surrey summit being a shallower rise in rough woodland at Ribs Down, Windlesham. The summit is 255 feet (78 metres) above mean sea level (Ordnance Datum) and the minimum descent (notch/col) is 174 feet (53 metres).Database of British and Irish Hills Retrieved 2015-03-06 This is to the south at a main road and school separating Chatley Heath in Wisley and Painshill Park, Cobham.

In an array spectrophotometer, the sequence is as follows: # The light source is shone into the sample and focused into a slit # The transmitted light is refracted into a rainbow with the reflection grating # The resulting light strikes the photodetector device which compares the intensity of the beam # Electronic circuits convert the relative currents into linear transmission percentages and/or absorbance/concentration values Many older spectrophotometers must be calibrated by a procedure known as "zeroing", to balance the null current output of the two beams at the detector. The transmission of a reference substance is set as a baseline (datum) value, so the transmission of all other substances are recorded relative to the initial "zeroed" substance. The spectrophotometer then converts the transmission ratio into 'absorbency', the concentration of specific components of the test sample relative to the initial substance.

The two veenas having the same qualities in all respect can be used to perform the Sarana Chatushtai experiment . Establish the Shadjagrama on both the similar sitars as per the methodology explained in Natya Shastra chapter 28 to keep shruties distance wise for the respective notes of the shadjagrama. Now we can measure the sruti value and hence provide 22 frets starting from the 5th sruti of second note "Re". The assumption here which needs to be made to realize Bharata Muni's shruti of first datum note being the sound of free string Sa, requires the assumption of 4 virtual shruties of Sa which are actually obtained in the higher octave after Ni. This assumption though not explicitly stated in the Natya Shastra needs to be made as was discovered by Avinash Balkrishna Patwardhan and is required to prove the Sarana Chatushtai experiment.

The Luzon Datum of 1911 was the base for the first modern survey of the Philippine Islands. The execution of the triangulation of the Philippine Islands extended over almost as long a time as the history of the American occupation in the Philippines. The plan of the government to survey the islands began in March 1900 when a United States Coast and Geodetic Survey (USCGS) officer was sent to Manila with instructions to prepare a report on the existing cartographic conditions in the Philippines and to obtain all information necessary for the execution of geodetic, hydrographic, and topographic surveys in the country. After the establishment of the sub-office known as the Manila Field Station, which was housed in the old Intendencia Building in the Walled City of Intramuros, the USCGS commenced fieldwork in the Philippine Islands in January 1901.

A delay-insensitive circuit is a type of asynchronous circuit which performs a digital logic operation often within a computing processor chip. Instead of using clock signals or other global control signals, the sequencing of computation in delay-insensitive circuit is determined by the data flow. Data flows from one circuit element to another using "handshakes", or sequences of voltage transitions to indicate readiness to receive data, or readiness to offer data. Typically, inputs of a circuit module will indicate their readiness to receive, which will be "acknowledged" by the connected output by sending data (encoded in such a way that the receiver can detect the validity directly), and once that data has been safely received, the receiver will explicitly acknowledge it, allowing the sender to remove the data, thus completing the handshake, and allowing another datum to be transmitted.

Southern end of St John Street in London, with Smithfield Market visible in the distance; the island in the middle of the road marks the former site of Hicks Hall The traditional start point for the Great North Road was Smithfield Market on the edge of the City of London. The initial stretch of the road was St John's Street which begins on the boundary of the City, and runs through north London. Less than a hundred metres up St John's Street, into Clerkenwell, lay Hick's Hall, the first purpose-built sessions-house for the Middlesex justices of the peace. The Hall was built in 1612, on an island site in the middle of St John Street (where St John's Lane branches to the west); this building was used as the initial datum point for mileages on the Great North Road.

Flattened sphere In geodesy, a reference ellipsoid is a mathematically defined surface that approximates the geoid, which is the truer, imperfect figure of the Earth, or other planetary body, as opposed to a perfect, smooth, and unaltered sphere, which factors in the undulations of the bodies' gravity due to variations in the composition and density of the interior, as well as the subsequent flattening caused by the centrifugal force from the rotation of these massive objects (for planetary bodies that do rotate). Because of their relative simplicity, reference ellipsoids are used as a preferred surface on which geodetic network computations are performed and point coordinates such as latitude, longitude, and elevation are defined. In the context of standardization and geographic applications, a geodesic reference ellipsoid is the mathematical model used as foundation by spatial reference system or geodetic datum definitions.

The result is as numerically close to the true answer as possible; for 8-bit binary signed arithmetic, when the correct answer is 130, it is considerably less surprising to get an answer of 127 from saturating arithmetic than to get an answer of −126 from modular arithmetic. Likewise, for 8-bit binary unsigned arithmetic, when the correct answer is 258, it is less surprising to get an answer of 255 from saturating arithmetic than to get an answer of 2 from modular arithmetic. Saturation arithmetic also enables overflow of additions and multiplications to be detected consistently without an overflow bit or excessive computation, by simple comparison with the maximum or minimum value (provided the datum is not permitted to take on these values). Additionally, saturation arithmetic enables efficient algorithms for many problems, particularly in digital signal processing.

Pick a non-trivial Z/2Z torsor B → A; for example in characteristic not 2 one could take A and B to be the affine line minus the origin with the map from B to A given by x → x2. Think of B as an open covering of U for the étale topology. If V is a complete scheme with a fixed point free action of a group of order 2, then descent data for the map V × B → B are given by a suitable isomorphism from V×C to itself, where C = B×AB = B × Z/2Z. Such an isomorphism is given by the action of Z/2Z on V and C. If this descent datum were effective then the fibers of the descent over U would give a quotient of V by the action of Z/2Z.

The 1897 Red River flood took place in April 1897, along the Red River resulting in significant damage to the city of Fargo, North Dakota. The conditions which led to the flood of 1897 were similar to the conditions behind the 2009 flood, however the 1897 flood was different in terms of the human response to it. Although the river gauge was not installed on the Red River until 1901, other sources indicate that the crest of the 1897 flood at a site downstream from the present Fargo gauge would have been 40.10 ft (with a discharge rate of 25,000 ft3/s) according to the present datum. Until the 2009 flood the 1897 flood was the highest water recorded in the Fargo-Moorhead area and has since served as the benchmark for which many other floods of the Red River were measured against.

The Washington meridians are four meridians that were used as prime meridians in the United States and pass through Washington, D.C.. The four which have been specified are: # through the Capitol # through the White House # through the old Naval Observatory # through the new Naval Observatory. Their longitudes may be reported in three ways: # relative to the local vertical used by astronomic observations # relative to NAD 27 (North American Datum 1927), an ellipsoid of revolution that is at mean sea level beneath triangulation station Meades Ranch, Kansas (not Earth-centered); # relative to NAD 83, an Earth-centered ellipsoid of revolution with dimensions chosen to best fit the undulating (±100 m) geoid (world-wide mean sea level). NAD83 longitude of the Capitol is about 1.1 arc seconds less than its NAD27 longitude; astronomic longitude there is about 4 arc seconds less than NAD83.

Nations that touch the Equator (red) and the Prime Meridian (blue) The IERS Reference Meridian (IRM), also called the International Reference Meridian, is the prime meridian (0° longitude) maintained by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS). It passes about 5.3 arcseconds east of George Biddell Airy's 1851 transit circle or at the latitude of the Royal Observatory, Greenwich.IRM on grounds of Royal Observatory from Google Earth Accessed 30 March 2012The astronomic latitude of the Royal Observatory is 51°28'38"N whereas its latitude on the European Terrestrial Reference Frame (1989) datum is 51°28'40.1247"N. It is also the reference meridian of the Global Positioning System (GPS) operated by the United States Department of Defense, and of WGS84 and its two formal versions, the ideal International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) and its realization, the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF).

To adopt a computing metaphor, the reductionists whom developmental systems theory opposes assume that causal factors can be divided into ‘processes’ and ‘data’, as in the Harvard computer architecture. Data (inputs, resources, content, and so on) is required by all processes, and must often fall within certain limits if the process in question is to have its ‘normal’ outcome. However, the data alone is helpless to create this outcome, while the process may be ‘satisfied’ with a considerable range of alternative data. Developmental systems theory, by contrast, assumes that the process/data distinction is at best misleading and at worst completely false, and that while it may be helpful for very specific pragmatic or theoretical reasons to treat a structure now as a process and now as a datum, there is always a risk (to which reductionists routinely succumb) that this methodological convenience will be promoted into an ontological conclusion.

Abhinavagupta subscribes to the Yoga philosophy in explaining the determinate perception as an anuvyavasāya or creative function of the translucent mind predominated by its intelligence stuff (sattva). According to Murari Misra of the Mimamsa School, the primary knowledge whose truth is under consideration is apprehended in its anuvyavasāya or introspective awareness, which secondary knowledge also apprehends the truth of the primary knowledge. Ganesa, in support thereof, states that since a knowledge is specified only by its object (viseyanirupya), the anuvyavasāya apprehending a primary knowledge should also apprehend the primary knowledge as being knowledge of such and such object, which in fact amounts to apprehending it as a true knowledge; anuvyavasāya gives the datum for analysis, for it considers the ordinary mental perception of the primary knowledge with the extraordinary presentation through past knowledge of the object of the primary knowledge, and as a rule is accompanied by truth.

The US Geological Survey now employs the metre for official purposes but legacy data from its 1927 geodetic datum has meant that a separate US survey mile ( km) continues to see some use. While most countries replaced the mile with the kilometre when switching to the International System of Units, the international mile continues to be used in some countries, such as Liberia, the United Kingdom, the United States, and a number of countries with fewer than one million inhabitants, most of which are UK or US territories, or have close historical ties with the UK or US. The mile was usually abbreviated m. in the past in the USA but is now written as mi to avoid confusion with the SI metre. However, derived units, such as miles per hour or miles per gallon, continue to be abbreviated as mph and mpg, respectively.

Rule 0: The foundation rule: :For any system that is advertised as, or claimed to be, a relational data base management system, that system must be able to manage data bases entirely through its relational capabilities. Rule 1: The information rule: :All information in a relational data base is represented explicitly at the logical level and in exactly one way by values in tables. Rule 2: The guaranteed access rule: :Each and every datum (atomic value) in a relational data base is guaranteed to be logically accessible by resorting to a combination of table name, primary key value and column name. Rule 3: Systematic treatment of null values: :Null values (distinct from the empty character string or a string of blank characters and distinct from zero or any other number) are supported in fully relational DBMS for representing missing information and inapplicable information in a systematic way, independent of data type.

The lock limits vessels over approximately from entering the main basin. Following the closure of Preston Dock flood mitigation work commenced between 1982 and 1985 to stop flooding during severe storms and exceptionally high tides; the gates from the river to the tidal basin were repositioned and raised to a higher level so as to also act as storm gates, and flood banks were built along the river edge to a level of above ordnance datum (AOD). During these works, all gates were refurbished, for which a large crane was constructed along the southern quayside near the lock, and in 1985 a new control tower building (which also controls the swing bridge) was opened, with operations overseen by the Preston City Council. The boat lock remains in operation to this day and provides access to the Preston Marina, which was built following redevelopment of the docks.

Such activities usually took up to a year to complete before work was even begun. This would imply that Shoshenq I likely lived for a period in excess of one year after his 925 BC campaign. On the other hand, if the Karnak inscription was concurrent with Shoshenq's campaign into Canaan, the fact that it was left unfinished would suggest this campaign occurred in the last year of Shoshenq's reign. This possibility would also permit his 945 BC accession date to be slightly lowered to 943 BC. A recent and comprehensive study of Ancient Egyptian chronology affirms the theory that Shoshenq I came to power in 943 BC rather than 945 BC as is conventionally assumed based on epigraphic evidence from the Great Dakhla stela, which dates to Year 5 of his reign.Rolf Krauss, Das wrŝ-Datum aus Jahr 5 von Shoshenq [I], Discussions in Egyptology 62 (2005), pp.

His efforts to undo the mischief wrought in Rome by the long schism were almost entirely neutralized by a quarrel with his erstwhile supporter, Louis VII of France over the candidate for archbishop of Bourges, in the course of which that kingdom was laid under an interdict to press for the papal candidate, and by a struggle with the town of Tivoli in which he became involved. As a result, Roman factions that wished Tivoli annihilated took up arms against Innocent. It was also in 1139 that, in the Omne Datum Optimum, Innocent II declared that the Knights Templar—a religious and military organization then twenty-one years old—should in the future be answerable only to the papacy. This was a keystone in the Templars' ever increasing power and wealth, and ironically helped to bring about their violent suppression in October 1307. Can.

This made navigation difficult, since there was not enough water at low tide, and at high tide, there was insufficient headroom, due to the low level of the Northern Outfall Sewer, which crosses the waterways. With the selection of the island formed by the City Mills River and the Lee Navigation as the site for the 2012 London Olympics main stadium, restoration of the channels was thought to be an important part of the site development, particularly as it might allow some of the construction materials to be delivered by barge. A new lock and sluice structure was therefore designed for the Prescott Channel, with a second sluice on the Three Mills Wall River to prevent tidal water flowing backwards through the Three Mills tide mill. Prior to the development, tidal levels on the Bow Back Rivers reached above ordnance datum (AOD) on spring tides.

Various philosophers and scientists have proposed possible theories. For example, in his book Consciousness and the Social Brain neuroscientist Michael Graziano advocates what he calls attention schema theory, in which our perception of being conscious is merely an error in perception, held by brains which evolved to hold erroneous and incomplete models of their own internal workings, just as they hold erroneous and incomplete models of their own bodies and of the external world. Illusionists generally hold that once it is explained why people believe and say they are conscious, the hard problem of consciousness will have been dissolved. Chalmers agrees that a mechanism for these beliefs and reports can and should be identified using the standard methods of physical science, but disagrees that this would support illusionism, stating that the datum illusionism fails to account for is not reports of consciousness but rather first-person consciousness itself.

Christian Rauch, Die Kunstdenkmäler des Kreises Bingen, Geschichtliche Beiträge von Fritz Herrmann, Zeichnungen von Ludwig Greb und Carl Bronner, Darmstadt 1934 (= Die Kunstdenkmäler im Volksstaat Hessen, Provinz Rheinhessen, Kreis Bingen) S. 333-358 bes. S. 336 datiert den Bau in den Anfang des des 12. Jahrhunderts. Karl Bronner, Wohntürme im Volksstaat Hessen, Teil 1: Rheinhessen, in: Mainzer Zeitschrift 28 (1933) S. 27-40 bes. S. 33 zufolge ist die Windeck der älteste der hessischen Wohntürme, ohne dass er sich auf ein Datum festlegen würde. The arbitrary ruling from 1209, on the other hand, mentions “lands and buildings” that his like-named son, Herdegen II, “has taken away from the Brothers of Eberbach in Heidesheim and upon which he has built his house’s wall and moat”.... ut memoratus H pro areis et edificiis, que fratribus de Eberbach in Heisensheim abstulerat, in quibus etiam murum et fossatum sue domus locarat, ... (Karl Rossel, Hrsg.

Coonamia "station" – in the past a provisional stopping placeSouth Australian Railways working timetable 1964, Table 35 but since the early 2010s comprising only a nameboard – is the site of the "0 km" datum point for routes to Port Augusta, Broken Hill and Adelaide. At this point ARTC train controllers in Adelaide (who oversee operations between Broken Hill and Coonamia, and Coonamia southwards) hand over to controllers in Port Augusta (who oversee the line to Port Augusta and points west); the sign remains so that train crews can identify the change-over point. The location has a crossing loop 1638 m (1791 yds) long on the south side of the double mainline from Crystal Brook. A further 2.25 km (1.4 mi) west is a triangle junction where the double track ends and from which single tracks go west to Port Pirie Yard and north to Port Augusta.

The indications of a hole in each top stone of the sides at the entrance indicates that either typical chained cups were once attached for those taking the waters or a gate over the entrance once existed to keep animals from drinking from within. In the 1880s the well was not being maintained and showed a 'dry stone' method of construction, there being no signs of mortar in the joints and that also hints at the re-use of worked stone from another abandoned building near by, such as the chapel. At the Scottish Reformation Presbyterian attitudes would have resulted in the removal of overt symbolism and if a 'missing' third course of stone on the roof carried one or two crosses then this might account for any removal. In the 1880s it is recorded as being in danger of collapse however the present structure has been internally consolidated and now has cement between the stones and it appears to be in good overall condition (datum 2018).

Vitalism failed to distinguish between spirit and nature, and then within nature, between the visible appearances and the invisible, yet very real and not simply hypothesized notion, essence or motivating principle (natura naturans). Even Newton spoke of things invisible in themselves (though not in their manifestations), such as force, though Comte, the thorough materialist, complained of the use of such terms as the 'force of gravity' as being relics of animism. The matter was not a 'datum' or thing in and of itself, but rather a product or effect, and for Coleridge, looking at life in its broadest sense, it was the product of a polarity of forces and energies, but derived from a unity which is itself a power, not an abstract or nominal concept, that is Life, and this polar nature of forces within the power of Life is the very law or 'Idea' (in the Platonic sense) of Creation.

Maoile Lunndaidh is a large and remote mountain, covering an area in excess of 10 square miles (2,590 hectares). Its location is almost equidistant from the valleys of Strathconon, Strathfarrar and Glen Carron, the nearest public road being over 10 km away. The mountain is listed in the current edition of Munro's Tables as 1007 metres (3304 feet). This height dates from the introduction of the 1:50k OS map series in the 1970s. However the current 1:25000 map shows a spot height of 1,005 metres, in better agreement with the trigonometric height of 3293.8 feet on old 6 inch maps (equivalent to 1004.1 metres after conversion to the Newlyn datum). Maoile Lunndaidh has been described as “the flattest of bulks”."Hamish‘s Mountain Walk" Page 274 Gives quote: “Flattest of bulks”. Its extensive level summit plateau is reminiscent of the Cairngorm and seems out of place amongst the west coast peaks.

The top and supporting surface are lightly lapped and legibly marked. In order to enable the result of the calibration to be recorded and subsequently applied in the case of polygon, the face of the polygon is identified. Each face is identified by engraving on the top surface, the nominal angles with the face and a datum face. The faces may be identified with series of number from 1 upwards if nominal angle is not a whole number of degrees. Around 4 holes (plain for type 1 and threaded for types 2 and 3) are provided for clamping purposes. The dimension of polygon between the top and supporting surfaces is 75,150 and 300 mm for types 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The top and supporting surfaces are made flat and parallel to accuracies of 0.0025,0.005 and 0.007 mm, 0.0035,0.005 and 0.04 mm for types 1, 2 and 3 respectively and departure from flatness is permissible only in concave direction.

A powerful storm made landfall at Sabine Pass on October 12, 1886. It was the tenth hurricane of the season, now referred to as The Texas-Louisiana Hurricane of 1886, that all but wiped out Sabine Pass and Johnson Bayou in Cameron Parish. The storm, now considered to have been a category 3 (Saffir–Simpson scale), resulted in at least 196 deaths. Occurrence of the storm was recorded in the controversial "Diary of Louise" on October 20, 1886.Dairy of Louise: October 20, 1886- Retrieved 2018-11-28 Hurricane Rita made landfall on September 24, 2005 and on September 12–13, 2008, Hurricane Ike struck Sabine Pass and Galveston,NOAA; Hurricanes Rita and Ike- Accessed 2011-08-29 generating the highest surgeStorm surge NOAA hurricane guide: page 6 of 32; Accessed 2011-08-26 of 22 feet (6.7 meters) which is, according to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88),NAVD standards-Retrieved 2011-08-29 the highest ever recorded at Sabine Pass.

Elevations range from the height above in the southwest extreme at "Whitehill Tower, War Coppice Road in Caterham Valley" to 110m Above Ordnance Datum along the railway track, immediately below Croydon Road roundabout, a tripoint partly in Woldingham, Whyteleafe and Caterham.Grid reference Finder measurement tools Caterham lies within the North Downs and Caterham Valley's southern border is immediately south of the North Downs Way, part of a national trail network, which is here on top of the southern edge of the North Downs. Soil here has the expected shallow, lime-rich soil over chalk or limestone of the escarpment with lower parts of the escarpment summit here, where the topsoil has eroded, having slightly acid, loamy and clayey soils with impeded drainage, which makes that soil particularly fertile.Cranfield University National Soil Resources Institute The gault clay and the middle chalk that lies under the North Downs are both at their thickest around the valley that occupies the centre of Caterham Valley.

In cases of illusion or hallucination, the object has qualities that no public physical object in that situation has and so must be distinct from any such object. Naïve realism may accommodate these facts as they stand by virtue of its very vagueness (or "open-texture"): it is not specific or detailed enough to be refuted by such cases. A more developed direct realist might respond by showing that various cases of misperception, failed perception, and perceptual relativity do not make it necessary to suppose that sense-data exist. When a stick submerged in water looks bent a direct realist is not compelled to say the stick actually is bent but can say that the stick can have more than one appearance: a straight stick can look bent when light reflected from the stick arrives at one's eye in a crooked pattern, but this appearance is not necessarily a sense-datum in the mind.

In 1993, Vice Admiral Chernov, commander of the submarine group of which the Komsomolets was part, founded the Komsomolets Nuclear Submarine Memorial Society, a charity to support the widows and orphans of his former command. Since then, the Society's charter has expanded to provide assistance to the families of all Soviet and Russian submariners lost at sea. 7 April has become a day of commemoration for all submariners lost at sea. An expedition in mid-1994 revealed some plutonium leakage from one of the two nuclear-armed torpedoes. On 24 June 1995, Keldysh set out again from Saint Petersburg to the Komsomolets datum to seal the hull fractures in Compartment 1 and cover the nuclear warheads, and declared success at the end of a subsequent expedition in July 1996. Furfurol, the jelly-like sealant, was projected to make the wreck radiation safe for 20 to 30 years, that is, until 2015 or 2025.

In the philosophy of mathematics, some of Whitehead's ideas re-emerged in combination with cognitivism as the cognitive science of mathematics and embodied mind theses. Somewhat earlier, exploration of mathematical practice and quasi-empiricism in mathematics from the 1950s to 1980s had sought alternatives to metamathematics in social behaviours around mathematics itself: for instance, Paul Erdős's simultaneous belief in Platonism and a single "big book" in which all proofs existed, combined with his personal obsessive need or decision to collaborate with the widest possible number of other mathematicians. The process, rather than the outcomes, seemed to drive his explicit behaviour and odd use of language, as if the synthesis of Erdős and collaborators in seeking proofs, creating sense- datum for other mathematicians, was itself the expression of a divine will. Certainly, Erdős behaved as if nothing else in the world mattered, including money or love, as emphasized in his biography The Man Who Loved Only Numbers.

Let R be a fixed commutative ring (so R could be a field). An associative R-algebra (or more simply, an R-algebra) is an additive abelian group A which has the structure of both a ring and an R-module in such a way that the scalar multiplication satisfies :r\cdot(xy) = (r\cdot x)y = x(r\cdot y) for all r ∈ R and x, y ∈ A. Furthermore, A is assumed to be unital, which is to say it contains an element 1 such that :1 x = x = x 1 for all x ∈ A. Note that such an element 1 is necessarily unique. In other words, A is an R-module together with a R-bilinear binary operation A × A → A that is associative, and has an identity. Technical note: the multiplicative identity is a datum (there is the forgetful functor from the category of unital associative algebras to the category of possibly non-unital associative algebras) while associativity is a property.

Wise, Paul,The South West Pacific Survey All of these surveys contributed to the 1966 Australian geodetic network adjustment and the resulting coordinate set in the Australian Geodetic Datum 1966. In 1964, Topo Sqn AHQ Svy Regt undertook a three year program of topographic survey control for scale 1:100,000 mapping of a three degree longitude band east of the land border with Indonesia. Horizontal control was by trilateration network using a new airborne electronic distance measurement system, Aerodist Tellurometer MRC2, connected to the high order surveys established by RA Svy and DNM 1962 -1965. Mixed results were achieved with mapping photography of the border area in the 1960s. Control surveys for scale 1:100,000 mapping of the remainder of mainland PNG was taken up by Northern Command Field Survey Unit/1 Fd Svy Sqn (Brisbane) mainly using Aerodist MRC2 in 1969 and 1970, and by 4 Fd Svy Sqn (Adelaide) mainly using Aerodist Tellurometer MRB3 from 1972 to 1974.

His contributions include the Brasier–Schopf debate on critical testing of questionable 3460 Ma Apex chert 'microfossils' at NASA; work on the earliest well-preserved fossils of cells (biology) (3430 Ma Strelley Pool); the pumice hypothesis for the origins of life; mapping the earliest life on land (1000 Ma Torridonian); and the palaeoecology, development and evolution of Ediacaran to early Cambrian organisms. He was secretary and then leader of the International Geoscience Programme, UNESCO and International Commission on Stratigraphy Projects on the Precambrian-Cambrian Boundary decision. This defined the base of the Phanerozoic Eon, Palaeozoic Era and Cambrian Period at a section in Newfoundland and Labrador based upon the appearance of the first assemblage of vertical burrowing animal trace fossils Treptichnus pedum The same datum also defines the top of the Precambrian and of the Proterozoic Eon. His own book on the subject, Darwin's Lost World was published in 2009 as part of the Charles Darwin centenary celebrations.

Evelyn Mary Dinsdale was born in Tauranga, New Zealand, on 5 December 1936. She was educated at Tauranga Primary School and Tauranga College, where she was one of the first non-Māori to join the local kapa haka group.. She then went to Canterbury University College, earning a master's degree with first class honours in geography in 1959.Author's biography from A History of Tauranga County. After earning this degree, she took a postgraduate teacher training course from Christchurch Teachers' College and taught briefly at Te Kuiti high school, fulfilling the requirements of the post primary teachers' bursary that had funded her education. Dinsdale was awarded a Fulbright Travel Grant and a Smith-Mundt Grant from the United States government in 1960, freeing her to travel to Syracuse University, where she received her PhD in 1963 under the supervision of Donald Meinig.. Reprinted in Datum: Newsletter of the New Zealand Map Society, no.

Hashes, which are often much shorter than the data, allow us to check if the data has been changed without having to wastefully store complete copies of the information: the hash for the current data can be compared with a past hash to determine if any changes have occurred. An unfortunate property of this method is that, although it is easy to tell if the data has been modified, there is no way of determining how: that is, it is impossible to recover which part of the data has changed. One way to get around this limitation is to store more hashes – now of subsets of the data structure – to narrow down where the attack has occurred. However, to find the exact location of the attack with a naive approach, a hash would need to be stored for every datum in the structure, which would defeat the point of the hashes in the first place.

In contrast to full-length resizing of bottleneck rifle cartridges, which can rapidly thin out the wall thickness of bottleneck rifle cartridges due to case stretching that occurs each time when fired, partial length re-sizing of the bottleneck case that pushes shoulders back only a few thousandths of an inch will often permit a case to be safely reloaded 5 times or more, even up to 10 times, or more for very light loads. Similarly, by using modified case gauges, it is possible to measure precisely the distance from a bullet ogive to the start of rifling in a particular rifle for a given bottleneck cartridge. Maximum accuracy for a rifle is often found to occur for only one particular fixed distance from the start of rifling in a bore to a datum line on a bullet ogive. Measuring the overall cartridge length does not permit setting such fixed distances accurately, as different bullets from different manufacturers will often have a different ogive shape.

The vessel's "clearance" is the distance in excess of the air draft which allows a vessel to pass safely under a bridge or obstacle such as power lines, etc. A bridge's "clearance below" is most often noted on charts as measured from the surface of the water to the under side of the bridge at the chart datum Mean High Water (MHW),See: NOAA Navigation Chart #12335, Hudson and East Rivers, Governors Island to 67th Street, Revised October 1, 2019, "HEIGHTS: Heights in feet above Mean High Water"See: U.S. Coast Pilot 5, Chapter 8, p. 354, Structures across the Inner Harbor Navigation Canal, New Orleans, 15 December, 2019, "Vertical clearance measured at Mean High Water" a less restrictive clearance than Mean Higher High Water (MHHW). In 2014, the United States Coast Guard reported that 1.2% of the collisions it investigated in the recent past were due to vessels attempting to pass underneath structures with insufficient clearance.

The "L" shaped site area is 3,329 m2 with 27 m frontage to Marine Parade and 40 m to Spenser Street. Overall building dimensions of 46 x 13 x 44 m high. The building originally contained 100 flats with shops, a restaurant and offices on the ground floor. Each floor contained four one bedroom and four two bedroom flats. The ground floor restaurant "The Reef" (which had a nautical theme with fishing nets and other nautical paraphernalia) and later a milk bar with counter and café seating,Proposed New Entrance to Shop for Mr. W. Grubb, Peter Wilson Architect, Approx. 1970s. until the early 80s was converted to a three bedroom flat in the mid-1980s. A Kiosk planned for the lobby was never operated as one and was converted for bike storage (24 bikes) in the mid-1990s. The lobby is elevatedPlan of Subdivision of part of Crown Allotments 70 and 71 at St Kilda. Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works datum from Bench Mark No. 777. 2.9 m. 1961.

The grid is based on the OSGB36 datum (Ordnance Survey Great Britain 1936, based on the Airy 1830 ellipsoid), and was introduced after the retriangulation of 1936–1962. It replaced the previously used Cassini Grid which, up to the end of World War II, had been issued only to the military. The Airy ellipsoid is a regional best fit for Britain; more modern mapping tends to use the GRS80 ellipsoid used by the Global Positioning System (the Airy ellipsoid assumes the Earth to be about 1 km smaller in diameter than the GRS80 ellipsoid, and to be slightly less flattened). The British maps adopt a transverse Mercator projection with an origin (the "true" origin) at 49° N, 2° W (an offshore point in the English Channel which lies between the island of Jersey and the French port of St. Malo).OS Net, The true origin Over the Airy ellipsoid a straight line grid, the National Grid, is placed with a new false origin to eliminate negative numbers, creating a 700 km by 1300 km grid.

Elizabetham Wentford faeminam omni laude dignam hac aede sepultam habuit conjugem e qua sobolem reliquit Thomam hic placide dormientem filium unicum haeredem filias vero duas primogenitam (Margaretam) Hugoni Earth Armi(ge)ro conjugatam alteram (Annam) ..... Prideaux Armigero in matrimonium datum :Which may be translated: "John Ridgeway, Esquire, a man liberally and nobly educated, of sharp intellect and outstandingly skilled in effecting business and on that account most well deserving ..... Of the highest and unblemished loyalty towards Kings Henry the Eighth, Edward the Sixth and Queen Mary. The father of Thomas Ridgeway here buried, the grandfather of Sir Thomas Ridgeway, Knight, son and heir of the same Thomas, also resting in this place, the worthy memory of whom now also is commended to posterity. Elizabeth Wentford, a woman worthy of all praise buried in this church, he had as his wife, by whom he left progeny Thomas, here peacefully sleeping, his only son and heir, two daughters, the first-born (Margaret), married to Hugh Earth (i.e. "Yeoworthe"), Esquire, the second (Anne) given in marriage to ..... Prideaux, Esquire".

The water pump, fuel pump, and alternator/generator pulleys were altered, fewer vanes, extra spring, and larger diameter, respectively; to help handle the higher engine speeds. Even the HiPo's fan was unique. Bottom-end improvements included a flaw-free selected standard block, thicker main bearing caps and crankshaft damper/balancer, larger-diameter rod bolts, a crankshaft made from 80% nodular iron as opposed to the regular items at 40%, all were checked for correct 'nodularity' by polishing an area of the rear counterweight and comparing that surface using a magnification arrangement against a picture datum, increased crankshaft counterweighting to compensate for the heavier connecting rod big ends, the increased external counter weighting at the front was split between the crankshaft damper and a supplementary counterweight place adjacent to the front main bearing journal (all designed to reduce the 'bending moment' in the crankshaft at high-rpm), all for high-rpm reliability. The HiPo equipped with a single 4-barrel Autolite 4100 carburetor carried SAE gross ratings of at 6,000 rpm and at 3,400 rpm.

On October 1916, the Flanders based forces were again reinforced, this time by III and IX Flotillas. The combined force was planned to operate against the Dover Barrage, a system of nets, minefields and patrols deployed by the British to stop German submarines passing through the Dover Strait, and to directly attack transports in the Channel. The two flotillas safely reached Belgium on the morning of 24 October. The Germans launched their attack on the night of 26/27 October. The torpedo boats of III Flotilla were to attack the patrol boats of the Dover Barrage, with the 5th Half Flotilla, (V47, V67, V68, , and ) operating on the Northern side of the Channel and the 6th Half-flotilla operating to the south, while IX Flotilla was to sneak past the patrols and attack merchant shipping in the Channel. The 5th Half-Flotilla began its attacks on the British patrol line at about 10:10 pm, when it attacked the five Drifters of the 10th Drifter Division, sinking three of them (Spotless Prince, Datum and Gleaner of the Sea and damaging a fourth, , which was set on fire.

Beginning with an overview of the Athenian ritual of growing and withering herb gardens at the Adonis festival, in his book The Gardens of Adonis Marcel Detienne suggests that rather than being a stand-in for crops in general (and therefore the cycle of death and rebirth), these herbs (and Adonis) were part of a complex of associations in the Greek mind that centered on spices.The Gardens of Adonis by Marcel Detienne, Janet Lloyd and Jean-Pierre Vernant (April 4, 1994) Princeton pages iv–xi These associations included seduction, trickery, gourmandizing, and the anxieties of childbirth. From his point of view, Adonis's death is only one datum among the many that must be used to analyze the festival, the myth, and the god.David and Zion, Biblical Studies in Honor of J. J. M. Roberts, edited by Bernard Frank Batto, Kathryn L. Roberts and J. J. M. Roberts (July 2004) pages 381–383Comparative Criticism Volume 1 by Elinor Shaffer (November 1, 1979) page 301 A main criticism charges the group of analogies with reductionism, insofar as it subsumes a range of disparate myths under a single category and ignores important distinctions.

BP) Carbon dating of bog oak found in the Fen Edge peat of Adventurers Fen near Wicken, almost from the nearest present-day coast at Kings Lynn, suggests the peat in this area was formed by a large marine incursion in about 2400 BC. The Nordelph peat, which covers a large area of fenland, including most of the Ely district, began forming around 4000 BP. Sampling of roddons in the area has confirmed that they were formed from the mid- to late-Holocene age -- 6000-2000 BP. The raised and layered banks of silt in a roddon contain mostly estuarine foraminifera and ostracods, which suggests that the silt was deposited through tidal processes. The raised nature of the roddon is debated. The archaeologist Major Gordon Fowler explained these are due to the extensive drainage of the fens, and "differential shrinkage" of the silt bed and the surrounding peat. Harry Godwin noted that near the Holme Fen post the peat surface stood above ordnance datum (OD) in 1848 with the clay of the fen floor about below OD. In 1957 Godwin reported the peat surface at the same post below OD -- a shrinkage of in 109 years.

The district includes the part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador bounded as follows: Beginning at the point of intersection with the Meridian of 57 degrees West Longitude and the shoreline of the southwest coast, located east of the community of Grey River; Thence running due north along the Meridian of 57 degrees West Longitude to its intersection with the Parallel of 48 degrees 30 minutes North Latitude; Thence running west along the Parallel of 48 degrees 30 minutes North Latitude to its intersection with the Meridian of 58 degrees West Longitude; Thence running in a southwesterly direction to the point of land known as Red Rocks, located on the eastern shoreline of Cabot Strait, north of Cape Ray; Thence running in a general easterly direction along the sinuosities of the southwest coast to the point of beginning, together with Burgeo Island, Ramea Island and all other islands adjacent thereto.; Newfoundland and Labrador Boundaries Commission, 2006; Elections Newfoundland & Labrador; retrieved March 29, 2008. All geographic coordinates being scaled and referenced to the Universal Transverse Mercator Map Projection and the North American Datum of 1983.

Strong strict two-phase locking (SS2PL) is a common mechanism utilized in database systems since their early days in the 1970s (the "SS" in the name SS2PL is newer, though) to enforce both conflict serializability and strictness (a special case of recoverability which allows effective database recovery from failure) of a schedule. Under this mechanism, each datum is locked by a transaction before its accessing it (in any read or write operation): the item is marked by and associated with a lock of a certain type depending on the operation being performed (and the specific transaction implementation; various models with different lock types exist; in some models, locks may change type during the transaction's life). As a result, access by another transaction may be blocked, typically upon a conflict (the lock delays or completely prevents the conflict from being materialized and be reflected in the precedence graph by blocking the conflicting operation), depending on lock type and the other transaction's access operation type. Employing an SS2PL mechanism means that all locks on data on behalf of a transaction are released only after the transaction has ended (either committed or aborted).

However, a 2012 study in Iceland of 78 children and their parents suggests a mutation rate of only 36 mutations per generation; this datum extends the separation between humans and chimpanzees to an earlier period greater than 7 million years ago (Ma). Additional research with 226 offspring of wild chimpanzee populations in eight locations suggests that chimpanzees reproduce at age 26.5 years on average; which suggests the human divergence from chimpanzees occurred between 7 and 13 million years ago. And these data suggest that Ardipithecus (4.5 Ma), Orrorin (6 Ma) and Sahelanthropus (7 Ma) all may be on the hominid lineage, and even that the separation may have occurred outside the East African Rift region. Furthermore, analysis of the two species' genes in 2006 provides evidence that after human ancestors had started to diverge from chimpanzees, interspecies mating between "proto-human" and "proto-chimpanzees" nonetheless occurred regularly enough to change certain genes in the new gene pool: : A new comparison of the human and chimpanzee genomes suggests that after the two lineages separated, they may have begun interbreeding... A principal finding is that the X chromosomes of humans and chimpanzees appear to have diverged about 1.2 million years more recently than the other chromosomes.

In 1923 the parish of Burghfield had 4,309 acres of land, of which 1,660 acres were arable, 1,940 acres permanent pasture and 163 acres woods and plantations. The land lies low in the valley of the Kennet, at an average altitude of a little over above the ordnance datum, rising in the south-west to a height of .Page & Ditchfield, 1923, pages 399–404 1888 Ordnance Survey Parish Boundary Map Hosehill Lake, Sheffield Bottom 'The Newt Pond' off Goring Lane, Burghfield Common and Wokefield Common borders A view across the Burghfield Sailing club lake The main settlements of Burghfield parish lie along Burghfield Road, the major road out of Reading. From north-east to south-west: Burghfield Bridge is the closest to Reading and lies by the crossing of the Reading Road over the River Kennet; this is followed by Burghfield Village, after the crossing of the Burghfield Road over the M4 motorway which runs through the north of the parish; Burghfield Hill is in the southern upland part of the parish, naturally enough, at the top of Burghfield Hill; and Burghfield Common – named after the parish common land on which it was built and with by far the largest population – lies, in quick succession, the furthest south-west.