144 Sentences With "cudgels" | Random Sentence Generator

Time for all of the mutineers to lay down their cudgels.

And European politicians who take up cudgels may escalate a brawl they will lose.

Talking cats wrinkle with worry-lines; angry giants brandish big cudgels and small penises.

One newspaper urged the Conservative Party to lay down the cudgels for one day.

Maybe you're passionate about making spears, or cudgels, or daggers, to fend off our oversized invaders.

They are the cudgels that bullies and other authoritarians have used to enforce conformity in every era.

The right will continue to use Representatives Ocasio-Cortez and Omar as cudgels to paint the left as unhinged.

Its preferred cudgels for critics have been trumped-up charges for crimes like prostitution and illegal business or tax practices.

Bombardier's decision to tough it out seems designed to encourage Delta to take up cudgels against Boeing and the U.S. government.

Or perhaps a politician is simply casting about looking for new cudgels with which to beat Facebook in front of television cameras.

It's now become one of President Trump's oft-repeated rhetorical cudgels against the Affordable Care Act and federal payments to insurance companies.

One newspaper urged the ruling Conservative Party, currently embroiled in another bout of infighting, to lay down the cudgels for one day.

And it's not just leaders such as Russia's Vladimir Putin and China's Xi Jinping finding ways to use corruption investigations as political cudgels.

Turkey also tried pressure the European Union by using desperate refugees as political cudgels, ceasing to block Syrians from traveling to the content.

A near decade of simply repeating that Catalan independence is illegal -- and now enforcing that claim with cudgels -- has brought us to today's crisis.

" Iran's intelligence service and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps "are the cudgels of a despotic theocracy, with the IRGC accountable only to a Supreme Leader.

Second, he has no great lord's army keeping him safe, and the black-robed Faith Militant with their cudgels won't last long against actual armored troops.

With Republican lawmakers already well-versed in wielding investigations as political cudgels, they might also be tempted to take a hard line on oversight powers, too.

Only a narrow imagination supposes that the depravity of men will not find other cudgels; that an empty sky will make good policy visible to all.

The main, but not the only, culprit is a form of financial insurance called credit-default swaps — and the hedge fund wiseguys who wield them like cudgels.

And his show specifically, and network generally, has repeatedly used accusations of racism, sexism and religious bigotry as cudgels against progressives, while refusing to clean up their own ranks.

Sprinkling in criticism of France and other NATO members, for example, for not meeting their commitments to spend 2% of GDP on defense may be another way Trump cudgels our allies.

No matter how high the stakes or how unprecedented the candidate, there is no reason for teachers to adorn themselves with campaign buttons or to use their views as classroom cudgels.

It is one of the cudgels that Republicans have used against her, and it has contributed to a decline in the number of voters who view her as honest and trustworthy.

One of the mayor's most effective cudgels was money; his local and national fund-raising networks could boost the campaigns of loyal City Council allies and scuttle those of his opponents.

They use the main pieces of evidence as cudgels against Ellison: Since then, Ellison has apologized for not directly calling out the anti-Semitic views of black radical leaders like Ture and Farrakhan.

When Republicans have ideas that they think are popular, they'll try to either pressure those nine Democrats into voting for them or else use them as cudgels with which to win midterm elections.

Jeff Bezos, the Amazon chief executive, and his e-commerce juggernaut have already overturned many industries: book buying, retail shopping, groceries and Hollywood, using fierce customer loyalty and enormous reach as cudgels against incumbent players.

Their stand-up turns jokes into cudgels to break down racism, homophobia and systemic discrimination, but they also tend to be more comfortable than many comics in delaying punch lines in service of an argument.

"There are a few state functions that have historically been occasions to put down the cudgels and celebrate, or at least watch the celebrations," Paul Smith, a cultural studies professor at George Mason University, told me.

That raises the specter of de-coupling the debt ceiling -- one of the most valuable cudgels to force a budget deal by the end of September -- from the spending talks if there isn't progress in the weeks ahead.

The standoff shows how North Korea has turned the deal Mr. Trump signed with its leader, Mr. Kim, into one of its most effective cudgels in talks with Washington over denuclearization, ceaselessly flaunting it to force American concessions.

In the perennial debate as to what the latter work means—if music can ever "mean" anything beyond itself—Mr Bychkov takes up the cudgels against those who say it means a meek acceptance of death by a man about to commit suicide.

Cards with crossed cudgels are part of the Grimy Goons crime family — Hunters, Warriors, and Paladins; cards with potions are part of the Kabal — Mages, Priests, and Warlocks; and cards with a lotus are part of the Jade Lotus — Druids, Rogues, and Shamans.

While bastinado might be a punishment too far, I do have cudgels and whips ready to lend and await acknowledgment of abject failure accompanied by the admission that tarring all opposition to Democratic brilliance as the result of this ism or that phobia may be wrongheaded.

But the Trump administration's prosecutions have served another purpose: In news releases and declarations by senior officials, the denaturalization cases have been used as cudgels — tools for attacking the legal immigration process as riddled with fraud, as pathways for criminals and terrorists to enter the United States.

Instead of disregarding questions about authenticity and authorial intent — qualities once used as cudgels against the genre by those who'd dismiss it as shallow and wasteful — pop has embraced them, and the drive to treat its artists with respect has led listeners into traps that have existed for decades.

Driven by an angry and energized base and insulated by the surety that Republican leaders will block their efforts, liberal Democrats are turning to one of Congress's most symbolically freighted cudgels — impeachment — to add urgency to their longstanding criticisms of a president they say is unfit for office.

Most striking is a mural of an Israeli soldier and a Palestinian man wrapped in a kaffiyeh pounding each other with pillows billowing with feathers, invoking Goya's "Fight With Cudgels" of two men planted to their knees, condemned to proximity and so endlessly trying to kill each other.

When then-lightweight champion Rafael dos Anjos injured his foot and McGregor's first crack at the 155-pound title fell apart, he picked up his rhetorical cudgels for Diaz on 11 days notice, and the lead-up to UFC 196 was some of the most entertaining fight marketing you'll ever see: organic, high-volume, funny without anyone getting too friendly.

That sense of resignation — and the decision to lay down political cudgels mere hours into the shutdown — was all the more striking when compared with the modern playbook for such crises, perfected in the 1990s but already put to use twice this year: use every tool at your disposal to pin blame on the other side, and then maximize the political pain to get your way.

Unacceptable topics and approaches in this class will include: anything written from the point of view of an animal or inanimate object (this includes talking body parts) stories that begin with the ringing of an alarm clock or a group of characters gathered around an open grave sex beyond the PG-13 rating inclusion of characters who resemble — in name or description — the instructor or any member of this class serial killers, bloodletting or acts of violence involving lawn mowers, axes, cudgels, guillotines or scythes Note: If an instructor at this or any other institution has ever asked you not to do it in his or her classroom, don't do it here.

To the music of brays what harmonies couldst thou expect to get but cudgels?

I swear that, for a prattler, I deserve to be driven with cudgels from his service by my master!

James Stawpert was the writer who took up the cudgels in defence of "The Bards of the Tyne" against Charles Purvis.

Elizabethan style football was comparable to the present-day sports of rugby union and rugby league. Two teams rushed against each other, trying to get the "ball" in through the goalposts. "Cudgels" was also a popular sport among young men. A type of stick fighting, it was a sport effectively training for sword fighting, but using wooden wasters or simple cudgels.

Fight with Cudgels () is a painting by Francisco Goya (Museo del Prado, Madrid) showing two men dueling with cudgels. In 16th-century England, hits below the girdle were considered unfair. In the 18th century, all parts of the person became valid targets. By the turn of the 19th century, the target area had been restricted to the upper body (with the exception of the back of the head) and the upper part of the forward leg.

Men armed with nail-studded cudgels emerged from the cars and took over the town centre to prevent the march.Coogan, p.77 The RUC halted the civil rights march, sparking outrage from activists.

Fight with Cudgels had been situated in the upper room of Quinta del Sordo.Richard Schickel and the Editors of Time-Life Books, The World of Goya 1746-1828 (New York: Time-Life Books, 1968), 172.

As more fire companies arrived, and Irishmen poured out of nearby houses into the street to help their friends and relatives, the fight escalated into a full-blown riot. Before long, an estimated 800 men were doing battle with sticks, stones, bricks, and cudgels while at least 10,000 more urged them on.Sources differ as to the total number of people involved. According to historian Thomas H. O'Connor, it was "an estimated ten thousand people watching eight hundred men fight it out with sticks and stones, bricks and cudgels".

The other form of sparring, phunaba anishuba, is identical with the exception that kicks are allowed and there are no shields. These forms of sparring in which cudgels or cheibi simulate swords are referred to as cheibi gatka.

On Wednesday, 14 October 2020, protesters in Lagos were attacked with cutlasses, sticks and charms. In Abuja, protesters were attacked by people with cutlasses and cudgels at Berger roundabout. Cars were destroyed and some of the protestors were injured.

The people hold not only their torches but also swords, cutlasses, knives, bows, arrows and cudgels. The mood of the people is war-like. The atmosphere is heavily charged and it may appear ominous to any person who has never witnessed the occasion.

Pandari Bhai is filled with joy to find her son alive. She pleads his son to take cudgels against the liquor baron Toogudeepa. Life comes a full-circle to Vishwanath. He once again starts the task of fighting liquor racket, gambling, and other evils.

Lodovico tells Madonna Beatrice the love that he has for her. She sends Egano, her husband, into a garden disguised as herself, and lies with Lodovico. Afterwards, being risen, Lodovico goes to the garden and cudgels Egano. Filomena's humorous tale probably derives from an earlier French fabliau.

BFT lesions result from clubs, cudgels and hammers. Perimortem injuries were identified as separate from healed injuries because they often had bone flakes adhered to the edges of the fractures. Researchers were careful to distinguish between lesions caused by violence and those caused by infectious disease.

Meeta, who was pursuing her bachelor's degree at the time and preparing for an MBA, decided to take up the cudgels of carrying on the legacy and went on to pursue her masters in music. She completed her Ph.D in the Hindustani Classical music by the age of 27.

Redeemers gameplay includes a combination of exploration, stealth, and combat. Players move through each location eliminating waves of enemies that stand in the way using any means available. Power-ups and weapon upgrades are dispersed throughout levels. The game features three main types of weaponry (cudgels, sledgehammers and knives).

In this hour of distress the British government raised the revenue taxes by thirty percent. Sardar Patel took up cudgels on behalf of the farmers and appealed to the Governor to reduce the taxes. The Governor refused and the government even announced the date of the collection of the taxes.

Cudgels (clubs) were used for clubbing small game in particular by women who joined the hunt. "Boar spears" were also used. With the introduction of handheld firearms to hunting in the 16th century, traditional medieval hunting was transformed. The hunter would also need a horn for communication with the other hunters.

The series is made up of fourteen paintings: Atropos (The Fates), Two Old Men, Two Old Men Eating Soup, Fight with Cudgels, Witches' Sabbath, Men Reading, Judith and Holofernes, A Pilgrimage to San Isidro, Women Laughing, Procession of the Holy Office, The Dog, Saturn Devouring His Son, La Leocadia, and Fantastic Vision.

The respective families soon take up cudgels against their wards and make it clear that they won't allow inter-caste marriage. Chameli is kept under house arrest and her parents decide to get her married to one of their acquaintances. Charan comes to know of this development. Mastram is surprisingly supportive of Charan's love.

Clashes between smugglers and Customs were commonplace. In 1940 the infamous "Battle of Dowra" took place on the border of Leitrim and Fermanagh. Revenue crews from Blacklion and Glenfarne intercepted over one hundred men with donkey loads of smuggled flour. Unwilling to part with their bounty, the smugglers used cudgels, boots, stones and fists in the ensuing struggle.

Conversely, criminals have been known to arm themselves with an array of homemade or improvised clubs, generally of easily concealable sizes, or which can be explained as being carried for legitimate purposes (such as baseball bats). In addition, Shaolin monks and members of other religious orders around the world have employed cudgels from time to time as defensive weapons.

The Riot Act was read and the soldiers advanced, but were beaten back by "spades sticks and stones" and sustained injuries for 45 minutes. Waller ordered them to open fire. Nine were killed at the scene and 45 injured. None of the distraining party or escort were killed, though many were injured by rocks, cudgels and pikes.

The September 1978 Mary Whitehouse visit was influential in the Festival of Light campaign against X-rated pornography. On 12 September, following national media coverage of the pornography problem in relation to the Whitehouse tour, Victorian Liberal Premier Rupert Hamer announced that his government would move to tighten pornography laws, particularly in relation to children."Hamer faces cudgels". The Age.

Later, commoners were given war hammers, cudgels, or quarterstaves with sharp iron tips. The duelling ground was typically sixty feet square. Commoners were allowed a rectangular leather shield and could be armed with a suit of leather armour, bare to the knees and elbows and covered by a red surcoat of a light type of silk called sendal. The litigants appeared in person.

Southern Italy was under strong Spanish influence so their cards closely resemble the ones in Spain. Northern Italian suits used curved swords instead of straight ones and their clubs are ceremonial batons instead of cudgels. Swords and clubs also intersect unlike their Spanish counterparts. Tarot cards were invented during the early 15th century in northern Italy as a permanent suit of trumps (trionfi).

The captives would be forced to drink pulque to intoxicate them. They would be painted and given a sword and a shield along with four cudgels to throw. The warriors would then attack the victim who was tied down to the sacrifice stone with an obsidian laced club. The club would be used for ceremonial use and would be decorated with feathers.

Diony is spinning and Evan is dipping candles. Berk halloos the cabin and immediately embraces Dione. It took him a year to escape the Shawnee; he has been gone more than two years. Although Berk says he doesn't blame anyone, a confrontation brews and when they start talking about whether they are going to fight with fists or cudgels, Diony stops them cold.

The term "batt" in cricket was peculiar to Kent and Sussex, where coastal smugglers were known as "batmen" because of the cudgels they carried. The earliest reference to a "flat-faced" bat (i.e., with a flat surface at the bottom of the stick in ice hockey style) also occurs in 1622. The term "bat" remained comparatively rare until about 1720.

Unrest increased among the peasants during Gustav Vasa's reign, because of both heightened taxes and the struggle for power amongst his sons. The unrest resulted in the Cudgel War from 1596 to 1597. It ended bloodily, with the army beating the Ostrobothnian and Savonian peasants, armed by cudgels, spears and bows. The rebellion in Finland was directed at the nobility in power and especially at Klaus Fleming.

In an alcohol-fueled patriotic fervor, villagers wielding pitchforks and cudgels turned their attention on young Alain. They accused him of being a Prussian plant, a spy, and of financing Prussia in the war against France. They claimed he betrayed the emperor and nation. Both claims were in fact false, as Monéys was not a Republican and his patriotism was spotless, but a crowd gathered around him.

The Red Sticks were paramilitary organisation in Central Asia, formed by the Soviets to combat the basmachi rebels. The historian Joshua Kunitz quotes a contemporary account: "There are, we are told, sixty thousand Red Sticks in Tadjikistan. Most of them have no firearms, but they carry heavy cudgels, knives, and other weapons when they go out into the hills in search of the Basmachi."Joshua Kunitz.

In the lancet dedicated to saint Sebastian scenes include his being pierced by arrows and his being beaten to death with cudgels. In the central lancet scenes include saint Michel fighting the devil and appearing before saint Aubert the founder of Mont-Saint-Michel and in the lancet dedicated to saint Louis, the scenes include Louis transferring relics to the "Sainte- Chapelle" and his death at Tunis.

Kumar had a happy family consisting of him, Sheetal, Ravi's grandmother, and son Vijay, Ravi's father. In the course of purging the city of crime, Ashwini takes up cudgels against a dreaded gangster named J.K. Verma (Amrish Puri). He arrests a key henchman of J.K. named Yashwant in order to decimate J.K.'s supremacy. However, J.K. takes matters into his own hands and abducts Vijay.

Beatings are accomplished with instruments such as baseball bats, hammers, golf clubs, hurley sticks, iron bars, concrete blocks, and cudgels (often studded with nails). The resulting injury can be quite severe, involving flesh split by nails, broken skulls, broken limbs, punctured lungs, and other serious damage. More injuries affected the limbs than the torso. In some cases, paramilitaries used powered drills and hacksaws to directly injure bone.

Forty of the victims have been identified, while five were unrecognizable, charred by the fire. All of the fatalities were inmates and 40 of them were killed from strikes and blows delivered by hammers, cudgels, and knives. In all, 60 hammers, 86 knives and 120 shivs were used. The sole fatality of a gunshot wound was an inmate who was killed by a guard protecting a group of women.

An inherent problem that the automobile company had deliberately ignored? Was the bus driver only a scape-goat? As the investigations deepen, many unpleasant realities come to the fore and Arko together with Kartick, the driver and the Insurance agent, decide to take up the cudgels and confront the corporate giants as well as the Establishment. The outcome of this brave and risky move forms the basis of this story.

The Frome county constituency area included Weston, Radstock, Bathampton, Batheaston as well as freeholders in Bath; there were only 322 registered voters. On the first day, 10 December, Champneys arrived with hundreds of men and boys, many armed with lead-loaded bludgeons and cudgels. They attacked Sheppard's supporters. Thomas Bunn, a local man of property, recollected what he saw: Sheppard arrived, backed by 500 men, all said to be unarmed.

The Spanish suits closely resemble Italian-suited cards as both were derived from the Arab cards. The four suits are bastos (clubs), oros (literally "golds", that is, golden coins), copas (cups) and espadas (swords). Unlike the suits found in northern Italy, Spanish swords are straight and the clubs resemble knobbly cudgels instead of ceremonial batons. Swords and clubs also do not intersect (except in the 3 of clubs card).

His father is Segundo Soriano Lim, a direct descendant of one of the first three Chinese nationals whose business prospered in Bohol even before the Second World War. Mr. Segundo Lim is still an active member of the city's business circle. Dan's mother is Gloria Basa Neri, from Ozamis City. At one time, she took the cudgels as vice mayor of Tagbilaran City and presiding officer of the Sangguniang Panlungsod.

Oxford English Dictionary: Etymology: < the name of a barony and village in Co. Wicklow. OED provides the following quotation: "1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue, Shillaley, an oaken sapling, or cudgel, (Irish) from wood of that name famous for its oaks."Online Etymology Dictionary: shillelagh 1772, "cudgel," earlier, "oak wood used to make cudgels" (1670s), from Shillelagh, town and barony in Co. Wicklow, Ireland, famous for its oaks.

During the second half of the 19th century, Western practices were adopted and traditions abandoned. Bolt-action rifles, revolvers and breech-loading artillery changed military tactics and the role of the soldier. Casualties of this trend were spears, cudgels, sticks and the bow and arrow. The Russo-Japanese War (1904) and World War I demonstrated that the future of warfare lay with encounters by small units, rather than between waves of troops.

A beautiful street dancer Bijli is in a gang of petty thieves. Sachin is the heir to a heritage household but due to the death of his parents lands up in a orphanage. In the orphanage when the children are ill -treated by the manager, his royal blood automatically singles him out to take cudgels for the rest of the children. He dares to challenge the Orphanage manager and is severely beaten and reprimanded.

By the first quarter of the 17th century wasters had become simple clubs known as cudgels with the addition of a sword guard. When the basket hilt came into general use about twenty five years later, a wicker one was added to the singlestick, replacing the heavy metal hilt of the backsword. The guards, cuts and parries in singlestick play were at first identical with those of backsword play, no thrusts being allowed.

This would also allow the Egyptians to attack the Maniots at Verga from the rear. On June 24, Ibrahim sent a small fleet carrying 1,500 troops to land at the Bay of Diros and capture Areopoli. As the Egyptians landed on the beach, the alarm bells rang. Soon, 300 women and old men who had been harvesting the crops gathered and, armed only with their scythes and cudgels, charged at the Egyptians.

None of the dozen Israeli settlements were attacked and there were no Israeli fatalities from stone-throwing at cars at this early period of the outbreak.Vitullo, p. 47 Equally unprecedented was the extent of mass participation in these disturbances: tens of thousands of civilians, including women and children. The Israeli security forces used the full panoply of crowd control measures to try and quell the disturbances: cudgels, nightsticks, tear gas, water cannons, rubber bullets, and live ammunition.

Jean Laurent, taken around 1874 before the transfer to canvas. Some signs of the lower legs can be appreciated. Charles Yriarte, who viewed the paintings at the Quinta had already interpreted that the duelists fought on a grass field, not in mud until their knees. Fight with Cudgels ( or Duelo a garrotazos), called The Strangers or Cowherds in the inventories, is the name given to a painting by Spanish artist Francisco Goya, now in the Museo del Prado, Madrid.

When a human is attacked the dragùa will "fly to their assistance and slay kulshedra by pelting it with cudgels, ploughs, yokes, lances and stones, and even with uprooted trees and houses. Such attacks are seen by humans as lightning". Heavy thunderstorms are thought to be the result of the battle. The dragùas, even as infants, use the cradle to shield themselves from kulshedra's attacks, which consist of her urine and poisonous milk from her breasts.

The 1949 Eislen Commission on Native Education, inspired by Dr. Hendrik Verwoerd, the recently elected National Party's Minister of Native Affairs, had recommended a radically new system of Education for Africans. TATA, together with other teachers’ organisations in the Cape, the Free State and Natal, took up the cudgels to oppose it. For his participation in that agitation, in December 1952 Eskia Mphahlele, Isaac Matlare and Zephania Mothopeng were dismissed from their posts."Dr. Es'kia Mphahlele", SA History Online.

Giving into his brother's wish, K. S. Ashwath agrees to formally complain to SaptaSena Maharaja. However, ShooraSimha kills both the brothers before they get a hearing in front of SaptaSena Maharaja. Before dying, H. Ramachandra Shastry asks Narasimha to give up the ahimsa-way he had followed all his life and take up cudgels against ShooraSimha's misdeeds. Narasimha takes over the role of his Uncle's Musuku-veera role, kidnaps MandaaraMaale, makes her aware of the harsh conditions masses brace through.

The Marcos dictatorship hunted down insurgents and tortured them. Senator Edmundo Cea took the cudgels for Ninoy Aquino's widow, Corazon. The church played an important role in the series of events that was to lead to the overthrow of Ferdinand Marcos in the EDSA Revolution of 1986. Tigaon's St. Clare of Assisi Parish became the rallying point of Cory Aquino's cause in Camarines Sur's third district. Parish priests in Tigaon were Fr. Jose Rey (1967−1984) and Fr. Felix Barela (1984−1985).

An escape plan was arranged by Ricard O'Sullivan Burke, an Irish veteran of the American Civil War. On 18 September, Brett was with a horse-drawn police van; he was one of a dozen police officers transferring prisoners from Court to Belle Vue Gaol in Manchester. Kelly and Deasy were in locked compartments separated from the other prisoners. A group of Fenians armed with an assortment of firearms and cudgels surrounded the carriage at the bridge over Hyde Road near the gaol.

In the olden days not all villages had the gungong, because of that villages which were closer to each other used to meet in one village where they celebrate the Bugum Chugu and danced Ziem. Even now, it is still happening. Bugum Chugu is a typical traditional festival celebrated with traditional and local tools such as torches and the celebrants dress like warriors and they often carry cudgels and cutlasses along. They play and dance ziem as they celebrate the festival.

What started as a street brawl escalated into an all-out riot when a fireman sounded the emergency alarm, summoning all of the fire engines in Boston. Local Yankee and Irish Americans came running to join the fight, bearing sticks, stones, bricks, and cudgels. Some 800 men were involved in the actual fighting and at least 10,000 gathered in the street to cheer them on. The riot ended when the mayor called in the National Lancers and the state militia.

The Observants insisted that the monks should conform to the strict rule, and so should avoid owning property and wealth. The Conventuals argued for a more liberal interpretation of the rule, and for a little more comfort as the friary's wealth and income increased. In 1477 the conflict came to a head when the Observants beat up the Conventuals and threw them out of the friary. Two years later the Conventuals in their turn chased the Observants out with cudgels.

Atropos, or The Fates (Spanish: Átropos or Las Parcas) is one of the 14 Black Paintings painted by Francisco de Goya between 1819–1823. Goya, then 75 and in mental and physical despair, created the series directly onto the interior walls of the house known as the Quinta del Sordo ("House of the Deaf Man"), purchased in 1819. It probably occupied a position on the second floor of the house beside the Fight with Cudgels and across from the Fantastic Vision.Fernández, G. "Goya: The Black Paintings". theartwolf.

In 1595, the whole of Ostrobothnia was in revolt, with peasants refusing to pay crippling taxes owed to the Swedish crown that at the time ruled Finland. Ilkka led the peasants' resistance movement. The Cudgel War name comes from the fact that the rebels armed themselves with various blunt weapons, such as cudgels, flails and maces that were considered the most efficient weapons against their heavily armoured enemies. The yeomen involved in the uprising also had swords, some firearms and two cannons at their disposal.

Nachtigal's account was that Vogel's odd habit of existing almost solely on eggs and writing with a pencil rather than the expected ink was of concern to the Sultan's advisors who had advised the Sultan to kill him "just in case". The sultan was hesitant but Vogel then climbed Mount Treya which was sacred and off limits to all but the highest officials. Vogel was beaten to death by Kubartu with iron tipped cudgels. According to Nachtigal, Kubartu were a Wadai clan consisting of musicians and executioners.

István Werbőczy or Stephen Werbőcz (also spelled Verbőczy; 1458? - 1541) was a Hungarian legal theorist and statesman, author of the Hungarian Customary Law, who first became known as a legal scholar and theologian of such eminence that he was appointed to accompany Emperor Charles V to Worms, to take up the cudgels against Martin Luther. In this letter, Pope Clement VII also commended Werbőczy as scholar for his eminence in canon law and theology during Werbőczy's dispute with Martin Luther at the Imperial Diet of Nuremberg.

Meanwhile, not only all the friends of Stilico, but all others who had any regard for him, were searched out. Among these, Duterius, who commanded the guard of the imperial bed-chamber, was examined, as was likewise Petrus, tribune of the Notarii. These were publicly put to the torture to force them to some confession relative to Stilicho; yet as they would state nothing either against him or themselves, Olympius was disappointed of his views. He, however, caused them to be beat to death with cudgels.

Another song "'Duel with Cudgels", eight minutes and thirty seconds, takes its title from a Goya painting. Their music is lush and melancholy, with poetic and sometimes surreal lyrics. In fall 2006, the video artist Vincent Moon filmed two live videos of Elysian Fields for La Blogotheque (also seen on YouTube), one of which is for the song "We're in Love", the duo acoustic final track on the Bum Raps album. This album was finally released in the US in late 2008 on the band's Diluvian imprint.

He was also a prominent worker for the Labor Party, and was its vice-president in 1909 and 1910, carrying out his duties with conspicuous ability. At the following annual State Labor Conference he was elected president by a large majority. In the following year he won a Central district seat on the Legislative Council for the Labor Party, and was returned to that in January 1912. Ern. Klauer had a great knowledge of factors affecting the liquor trade, and he took up the cudgels on its behalf.

The Indian Islamic wedding ceremony is also preceded by a marriage procession known as the groom's baraat. From this convoy arrives the groom, who will share a sherbet drink with a brother of his bride at the place of the marriage ceremony. This drinking ritual happens as the sisters of the bride engage in tomfooleries and playfully strike guests using flower- filled cudgels. The wedding ceremony, known as Nikah,Allah has made for you your mates for your own nature for Nikah, Marriage is officiated by the Maulvi, a priest also called Qazi.

Meanwhile, Jenniffer (Megha), a scribe, comes to know of a fake encounter organized by Iyer to bump off a known rowdy. She follows him from then, blackmailing him, but Iyer, who thinks that evil forces do not deserve a chance in the court, does not change his style of operations. Elsewhere, a gangster named Venkatachalapathy (Sathyaraj again), who lands up in prison after being apprehended by Iyer, vows to kill him. Coming to know of his son killing people in the name of encounters, Iyer's father decides to take cudgels against him.

We see, he wrote, a rite peculiar to the pagans introduced into the churches on pretext of religion, and, while the sun is still shining, a mass of wax tapers lighted. ... A great honor to the blessed martyrs, whom they think to illustrate with contemptible little candles (de pilissimis cereolis). Jerome, the most influential theologian of the day, took up the cudgels against Vigilantius, who, in spite of his fatherly admonition, had dared again to open his foul mouth and send forth a filthy stink against the relics of the holy martyrs.Hier. Ep. cix. al.

The Cudgel War (also Club War, , ) was a 1596/97 peasant uprising in Finland (then part of the Kingdom of Sweden). The name of the uprising derives from the fact that the peasants armed themselves with various blunt weapons, such as cudgels, flails and maces, as they were seen as the most efficient weapons against their heavily armoured enemies. The yeomen also had swords, some firearms and two cannons at their disposal. Their opponents, the troops of Clas Eriksson Fleming, were professional, heavily armed and armoured men-at- arms.

Polling was taking place in the village's Roman Catholic schoolroom, and Frewen's supporters realised that he was losing, and tried to stop his opponents from voting. Police tried to protect voters, but were driven back into the schoolhouse, where rioters broke all the windows and threw stones at those inside, as well as trying unsuccessfully to seize the polling books. Police reinforcements were sent from Loughborough, but were confronted en route by rioters who stopped the police carriage and attacked the officers with cudgels. The rioters dispersed when a second contingent of police arrived, and voting resumed the following day.

The rebellion broke out in the coastal region of Epirus, Thesprotia, on September 10, 1611. Approximately 1,000 peasants and shepherds took active part with most of them poorly armed with bows, cudgels, javelins, and peasant tools. The rebels were expressing their indignation not only against the Ottoman taxation system, but also against Ottoman rule and presence in the region in general chanting Kyrie Eleison ( Lord have mercy) and anti-Haraç taxation slogans (). They violently attacked their nearest oppressors; the Islamized inhabitants of the villages Tourkogranitsa and Zaravousa, in Thesprotia and then marched towards Ioannina, the administrative center of the region.

He may have started work on the murals between February and November 1819 when he fell seriously ill as testified by the disturbing Self-portrait with Dr Arrieta (1820). What is known is that the murals were painted over rural scenes containing small figures, as Goya made use of the landscapes in some of his murals such as Fight with Cudgels. Heads in a landscape is, in all probability, the fifteenth Black Painting. It became separated from the other paintings in the collection and is now in the collection of Stanley Moss in New York City.

Because, most of them are fugitives and obviously were out of their families. His idea was to find a haven which would be remote, human inhabitant free, preferably in the midst of woods to hoodwink cudgels and piercing eyes of ever alert British Police and work on where they could work on sari printing, handloom and leather craft production.. So fortunately he found a place measuring , around remotest area of Birbhum district in West Bengal, kissing the banks of river Kopai. It happened to be not very far from Bolepur, Shantiniketan, of today. Then he gradually established the rudiments of cottage industry.

Adwitiya, a production by Ideas Creations (Prosenjit Chatterjee), revolved around a young girl who goes to a rural village to chase her dreams and takes up the cudgels of putting this village on the path of progress. Shot with the Sunderbans as a backdrop, it was scripted by Anuja Chattopadhyay and Kausik Bhattacharya and directed by Joydeep Mukherjee. Indrasish played the male lead character Chandrakiran Chowdhury, popularly known as "Chand" in the serial, along with Sohini Sarkar and Gaurav Chakraborty. He rose to mass popularity and won the award for Best Couple (along with Sohini Sarkar) at Star Jalsa Paribar Awards 2012.

To get to Gruids they had to take the ferry over Loch Shin. As they approached the other side they received word from the ferryman, John Murray, that the people there were expecting them and they therefore asked him to return them back to the opposite shore, which he declined to do. Having no choice but to disembark, the three men were met by a crowd of about 100 people, mostly women, who were armed with sticks and cudgels. They quickly found and burned the sheriff- officer's documents, stripped him naked, threw him down and bound his hands behind his back.

Goya can be seen as prefiguring costumbrismo, especially as practiced in Madrid. Here, the Fight with Cudgels, one of Goya's Black Paintings. Antecedents to costumbrismo can be found as early as the 17th century (for example in the work of playwright Juan de Zabaleta) and the current becomes clearer in the 18th century (Diego de Torres Villarroel, José Clavijo y Fajardo, José Cadalso, Ramón de la Cruz, Juan Ignacio González del Castillo). All of these writers have, in at least some of their work, an attention to specific, local detail, an exaltation of the "typical" that would feed into both costumbrismo and Romanticism.

Initially, Cornelisz ignored the smoke, and Hayes wondered why no one came to their island. Then, in the days that followed, a small group of survivors from Cornelisz' reign of terror began to drift across the lagoon to Hayes' location on makeshift rafts with stories of atrocities including rape, murder and massacre. Despite being outranked by two cadets and other VOC officials, Hayes took command of the group and acted quickly to organise a defence of the island. He improvised weapons such as cudgels, pikes, and planks from the Batavia wreckage with 16-inch long carpenter's nails driven through them.

Rungu throwing A rungu (Swahili, plural marungu) is a wooden throwing club or baton bearing special symbolism and significance in certain East African tribal cultures. It is especially associated with Maasai morans (male warriors) who have traditionally used it in warfare and for hunting. It is a commonly encountered tourist souvenir in that part of the world. Rungus are typically about 45–50 cm (18–20 inches) in length with a long narrow shaft for a handle and heavy knob or ball at the end in the manner of other indigenous cudgels such as the Irish shillelagh or South African knobkierie.

He fought for the liberation of the serfs, being considered the leader of the reformist Hungarian nobility opposition, which struggled against the conservatism of Habsburg monarchy. The evolution of Jibou was closely linked to the name of Hungarian statesman Miklós Wesselényi. In 1781, his father, Miklós Wesselényi, Sr., conflicts with aulic chancellor Johan Haller, his neighbor from Gârbou. On 16 October 1781, with an army of 540 people, armed "some with rifles, most with scythes, iron pitchforks, cudgels" and 12 outlaws (), Miklós Wesselényi appears at Gârbou, taking Haller by surprise, who did not expect such a gesture.

Humphrey de Cherlton, the Chancellor of the University, tried to calm both sides before things got too far out of hand, but arrows were shot at him and he retreated from the scene. Men from both sides armed themselves with cudgels, staves and bows and arrows. When night fell the violence died down; at this stage no-one had been killed or badly wounded. The following morning, in an attempt to stop any recurrence of the violence, the Chancellor issued a proclamation at the churches of St Martin and St Mary that no-one should bear arms, assault anyone or disturb the peace.

On 4 November 1922, Kemal was kidnapped from a barber shop at Tokatlıyan Hotel in Istanbul, and was carried to the Anatolian side of the city by a motor boat en route to Ankara for a trial on charges of treason. On 6 November 1922, the party was intercepted at İzmit by General Nureddin Pasha, then the Commander of the First Army, which was aligned with Mustafa Kemal Pasha. Kemal was attacked and lynched by a mob set up by Nureddin with sticks, stones and knives, and hanged from a tree. His head was smashed by cudgels and he was stoned to death.

In March 1988, since it was found that wooden cudgels were prone to shatter in beating Palestinians, plastic and fibre-glass truncheons were soon introduced. Within two years, the Swedish Branch of the Save the Children Fund estimated that some 23,600 to 29,000 children required medical assistance after being beaten by Israeli forces in the first two years of the Intifada,John J. Mearsheimer, Stephen M. Walt, "The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy, " (2007) Penguin Books 2009 p.100. while in the same period, Palestinian attacks resulted in the death of five Israeli children.Joseph Massad,'Are Palestinian children less worthy?', Al Jazeera 30 May 2011.

During the Old Kingdom, there was no professional army in Egypt; the governor of each nome (administrative division) had to raise his own volunteer army.Egyptology Online Then, all the armies would come together under the Pharaoh to battle. Because military service was not considered prestigious, the army was mostly made up of lower-class men, who could not afford to train in other jobsBenson, Douglas S. “Ancient Egypt's Warfare: A survey of armed conflict in the chronology of ancient Egypt, 1600 BC-30 BC”, Bookmasters Inc., Ashland, Ohio, 1995 Old Kingdom soldiers were equipped with many types of weapons, including shields, spears, cudgels, maces, daggers, and bows and arrows.

Though she does not appear involved in the ritual, she does seem to be captivated by the group's relationship to the Devil. Not all of the Black Paintings share the limited colours of the previous two examples. Fight with Cudgels shows Goya's dramatic use of different shades of blue and red as two men beat each other. While in the original version they were fighting on a meadow, the painting was damaged during the transfer and the version at the Prado has been painted over, stressing the eeriness of the fighters, unable to escape each other's blows due to their knee-deep entrapment in a quagmire.

Kwan-Do (Hung Ying Cheung Dwei Chuck Kwan-Do) 红纓槍對拆関刀 Double Broadswords vs. Horse Bench (Seung Do Dwei Chuck Kiu Dahng) 双刀對拆橋櫈 Double Broadswords vs. Nine-Ringed Long-Handled Broadsword (Seung Do Dwei Chuck Gau Wan Do) 双刀對拆九環大刀 Seven Star Long-Handled Knife vs Rattan Shield and Broadsword (Chat Sing Tiu Dwei Chuck Dahn Do Dip) 七星銚對拆单刀碟 Rattan Shield and Broadsword vs. trident (Dahn Do Tahn Pai Dip Dwei Chuck Dai Pah) 单刀籐牌碟對拆大耙 Double Copper Cudgels vs.

The poet also used his high station at court to take up the cudgels for such free-thinking writers as Mikhail Lermontov, Alexander Herzen, and Taras Shevchenko (Zhukovsky was instrumental in buying him out of serfdom), as well as many of the persecuted Decembrists. On Pushkin's early death in 1837, Zhukovsky stepped in as his literary executor, not only rescuing his work from a hostile censorship (including several unpublished masterpieces), but also diligently collecting and preparing it for publication. Throughout the 1830s and 1840s, Zhukovsky also promoted the career of Nikolay Gogol, another close personal friend. In this way, he acted as an impresario for the developing Russian Romantic Movement.

However, Carey worked The Dragon of Wantley into a play in 1734. Fielding and Carey, among others, picked up the cudgels where the Tory Wits had set them down and began to satirize Walpole and Parliament with increasing ferocity (and scatology). Although a particular play of unknown authorship entitled A Vision of the Golden Rump was cited when Parliament passed the Licensing Act of 1737 (the "rump" being Parliament, a rump roast, and human buttocks simultaneously), Carey's Dragon of Wantley was an unmistakable attack on tax policy and the ever-increasing power of the London government over the countryside. Notably, Fielding's and Carey's plays made allowances for spectacle.

He also earned several awards during the season including the PBA Most Improved Player and belonged to the Mythical First Team and the All-Defensive First Team. Despite several injuries in the past, David took the cudgels as the team's go-to-guy after former franchise player Renren Ritualo was shipped to Talk 'N Text and the energetic Ronald Tubid to Ginebra. Red Bull Barako, with the Air21 Express. In the 2007-08 PBA season, David played only 2 games during the Philippine Cup with limited minutes due to the fact that he was still recovering from a knee injury he suffered the season before.

Sebastian later stood by a staircase where the emperor was to pass and harangued Diocletian for his cruelties against Christians. This freedom of speech, and from a person whom he supposed to have been dead, greatly astonished the emperor; but recovering from his surprise, he gave orders for Sebastian to be seized and beaten to death with cudgels, and his body thrown into the common sewer. A pious lady, named Lucina, admonished by the martyr in a vision, privately removed the body and buried it in the catacombs at the entrance of the cemetery of Calixtus, where now stands the Basilica of St. Sebastian.

Irish Protestants clash with police, Lewiston Daily Sun, 8 August 1986 This figure was repeated by some news reports on the incident.. One news report stated a figure of about 200, apparently based on estimates made by locals.. The figure of 500 is often stated in secondary sources, based on the estimate that Peter Robinson gave speaking to a radio station from custody. Robinson, deputy leader of the Democratic Unionist Party and a sitting MP, was the most prominent figure involved. The extent of his involvement in planning the raid and leading the mob is unclear, though the incident has become very much associated with him. Many loyalists took cudgels with them.

Over the course of time, wasters took a variety of forms not necessarily influenced by chronological succession, ranging from simple sticks to clip-point dowels with leather basket hilts to careful replicas of real swords. Used commonly in the modern historical European martial arts community, the term refers to wasters fashioned to resemble western European weapons like the longsword or arming sword. Historically, the term "waster" was used in English to refer to cudgels or clubs used as weapons, in addition to wooden swords. The increasingly popular historical martial arts reconstruction groups, as well as the live action role-playing and renaissance festival groups, have provided an ample market for commercial waster retailers.

Decisions on the other demands were reserved for the Duke, who was in Berlin at that moment. In accordance with a proclamation of Hergenhahn, around 40,000 men assembled in Wiesbaden on 4 March. There was a clear conflict in this action, which would shape the subsequent development of events: while the circle around Hergenhahn hoped to receive confirmation of their demands by the acclamation of the people, they were mainly peasants, armed with scythes, cudgels, and axes, seeking the abolition of old Feudal impositions and an easing of forest and hunting laws. As the crowd moved restlessly through the city, the Duke announced from the balcony of his residence that he would meet all their demands.

During the War of the Austrian Succession, the Royal Navy again expanded its domestic use of impressment: the practice of forcing men, usually merchant seamen, into naval service. A captain who found himself shorthanded would send a "press-gang," armed with cudgels and cutlasses, onto a merchant ship to capture sailors for his own crew, often with the cooperation of local authorities. Those who were impressed remained in the service for three years or until they escaped, died, or the current war ended. Naturally they resented this treatment, for the same reasons that made recruiting difficult in the first place: the work was hard and dangerous, and for skilled sailors especially, the wages were low.

After some weeks in hospital at Noupoort he was imprisoned as prisoner of war (POW) in the military prison at Graaff-Reinet and tried by the Graaff-Reinet Military Tribunal in March 1902 on the charge of rebellion. Kritzinger's deputy commander, Gideon Scheepers was executed at Graaff-Reneit shortly before on 12 January 1902, after being falsely accused as a Cape rebel, and on alleged war crimes. Scheepers has since achieved martyrdom status and an imposing monument was erected in his memory outside Graaff-Reinet. Kritzinger was acquitted by the Graaff-Reinet Military Tribunal after influential newspapers in England and the United States of America took up the cudgels on his behalf after the huge furore that Scheepers's death caused in the international news.

Leaving the Army with the rank of Major on 8 January 1973, Gouriet went to work as an assistant to Sir Walter Salomon at Rea Brothers merchant bank in the City of London. He later described how, shortly afterwards, on a grouse-shooting trip to Speyside with family and friends, he was discussing the political and economic state of Britain in 1973–1974, he told the assembled party over lunch in the heather that "It's no use complaining and then doing nothing!" That night he resolved to "take up the cudgels" himself. Gouriet then contacted Ralph Harris of the free-market think tank the Institute of Economic Affairs to discuss linking up sympathetic groups and forming a co-ordinated opposition; Harris introduced him to Ross McWhirter.

The BBC broadcast film of settler youths beating an old woman and her family with cudgels to drive them away from their land, in 2008.Tim Franks, "West Bank attack filmed", BBC News 12 June 2008 Local villages, like Palestinian Susya, have been losing land, and being cut off from each other, as the nearby settlements of Carmel, Maon, Susya and Beit Yatir began to be built and developed, and illegal outposts established.Julie M. Norman, The second Palestinian Intifada: civil resistance, Taylor & Francis, 2010 p. 43. Shulman described the reality he observed in 2008: > Susya: where thirteen impoverished families are clinging tenaciously, but > probably hopelessly, to the dry hilltop and the few fields that are all that > remain of their vast ancestral lands.

The “New Light Of God” sect in the town of El Terrón, Ngäbe-Buglé Comarca, Panama, believed they had a mandate from God to sacrifice members of their community who failed to repent to their satisfaction. In 2020, five children, their pregnant mother and a neighbor were killed and decapitated at the sect’s church building, with 14 other wounded victims being rescued. Victims were hacked with machetes, beaten with Bibles and cudgels, and burned with embers. A goat was ritually sacrificed at the scene as well. The cult’s beliefs were a syncretic blend of Pentecostalism with indigenous beliefs and some New Age ideas including emphasis on the third eye. A leader of the Ngäbe-Buglé region labeled the sect “satanic” and demanded its eradication.

The first dichotomy is represented by Men Reading with its serious atmosphere, which is opposed by Women Laughing. These are the only two dark paintings in the room and they represent the model against which the other murals are measured, as they are the paintings that first become visible when a person enters the room. In the same way, the mythological scenes of Fantastic Vision and The Fates represent tragedy, while the other paintings such as Procession of the Holy Office provide a glimpse of a satirical scene. As regards the second of the contrasts, there are figures suspended in the air in the two previously mentioned paintings and others buried or seemingly rooted in the ground as in Duel with Cudgels, Holy Office or Dog.

One of the series of Black Paintings Goya painted directly onto the walls of his house sometime between 1820 and 1823, it depicts two men fighting one another with cudgels, as they seem to be trapped knee-deep in a quagmire of mud or sand. In 1819, Goya purchased a house on the banks of the Manzanares near Madrid named Quinta del Sordo ("Villa of the Deaf Man"). It was a small two-story house which was named after a previous occupant who had been deaf, although Goya had also been left deaf after contracting a fever in 1792. Between 1819 and 1823, when he moved to Bordeaux, Goya produced a series of 14 works, which he painted with oils directly onto the walls of the house.

Two Old Men, also known as Two Monks or An Old Man and a Monk (Spanish: Dos viejos, Dos frailes, or Un viejo y un fraile), are names given to one of the 14 Black Paintings painted by Francisco Goya between 1819-23.Hagen, Rose- Marie, Hagen, Rainer (2003) Francisco Goya, 1746-1828, Taschen, Koln. p. 74.The Pinturas Negras (Black Paintings) in alphabetic order; A Pilgrimage to San Isidro, Atropos (The Fates), Fantastic Vision, Fight with Cudgels, Judith and Holofernes, La Leocadia. Men Reading, Procession of the Holy Office, Saturn Devouring His Son, The Dog, Two Old Men, Two Old Men Eating Soup, Witches' Sabbath, Women Laughing, At the time Goya was in his mid-seventies and was undergoing a great amount of physical and mental stress after two bouts of an unidentified illness.

Goya's serious illness of 1819 marks the beginning of this decline; it struck him down and left him weak and near to death. These preoccupations are reflected in Goya's use of colors and choice of subjects. From a sociological point of view, everything suggests that Goya painted these murals after 1820 and after recovering from his illness, although there is no definitive proof of this. His satirical treatment of religion (pilgrimages, processions, the Inquisition) and civil confrontations (such as in Fight with Cudgels, or the visibly conspiratorial meetings that appear in Men reading; or even taking into account the political interpretation that may be applied to Saturn: the state devouring its subjects or citizens) is concordant with the unstable position that Spain found itself in following the constitutional uprising led by Fernando Riego.

Yesurathnam cautioned the Church against falling into traditionalism. During the Golden Jubilee of the founding of the Uniting church, the CSI held in Chennai in 1997,John C. B. Webster, The Church of South India Golden Jubilee in International Bulletin of Missionary Research, Volume 22, Number 2, 1998, pp.50-54. Yesurathnam spoke on the ills befalling the Church in India, Echoing the apprehensions by Yesurathnam, Stanley Jedidiah Samartha who was also present at the Jubilee in Chennai, pointed out that one must first introspect before raising cudgels against the Indian caste system and believed that one failed to notice the gradual transformation of the episcopacy into such a system.Stanley Jedidiah Samartha, "Vision and Reality: Reflections on the Church of South India" in People's Reporter, 1–15 September 1997, p.4.

In his latest project in early 2009, taking up the cudgels to save Buddha Nullah, Seechewal has initiated a campaign for generating awareness amongst different sections of the society to solve the problem of desilting the water body following the failure of the Punjab Pollution Control Board's (PPCB) and industries in complying with the High Court's orders in this regard. He single-handedly cleaned and restored Kali Bein river, a 160 km long tributary of Beas in Doaba region of Punjab. Seechewal says that when he started the water-cleaning project of Kali Bein in 2007, it was a challenging task. But, as people became aware of its importance, they joined in cleaning the rivulet, which had become a dried-up drain and had been reduced to a garbage dump with its historic and religious significance long forgotten.

The chapter, founded in February that year, had fourteen members, few of whom owned motorcycles. Weapons including swords, pistols, cudgels and brass knuckles – which were used to exert influence in the bouncer and drug scene in the region – were confiscated by police during searches of the clubhouse and members' homes.Brandenburg bans motorcycle gang Trinity Hartman, Deutsche Welle (27 August 2009) Members of the Chicanos and the Underdogs Motorcycle Club fought in the street in Halle city center on 26 October 2010. Around twenty participants were involved, armed with firearms, Molotov cocktails and cobblestones.Bandenkrieg in Halle: Razzia im Rockermilieu Katrin Löwe and Frank Czerwonn, Mitteldeutsche Zeitung (9 March 2011)Rocker-Krieg Ermittlungen nach Schießerei werden eingestellt Jan Möbius, Mitteldeutsche Zeitung (7 October 2011) On 2 May 2012, the president of the Chicanos' Halle chapter shot the Underdogs Halle president several times from a car.

England. Sport plays a significant role in national identity in Northern Ireland. Discouragement of recreation on Sunday, the Christian Sabbath, was a feature of the Puritan Sabbatarianism of the 17th century, which influenced the Sunday Observance Act 1695 passed by the Parliament of Ireland, which made it illegal to take part in sports, stating, "by reason of tumultuous and disorderly meetings, which have been, and frequently are used on the Lord's-day, commonly called Sunday, under pretence of hurling, commoning, football-playing, cudgels, wrestling, or other sports". In the 19th century in the United Kingdom, Protestants and urban areas tended to favour stricter observance of the Sabbath than rural areas and Roman Catholics. The Factory Acts facilitated working-class recreation on Saturday afternoons, whereas farm labourers work all day Saturday. The IFA for decades after its 1880 foundation was strongest around industrial Belfast, and many clubs were of Protestant workmen.