The eccrine glands produce sweat, which escapes through pores on the skin's surface.
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Snailfish are well suited for deep waters, featuring well-developed sensory pores on their heads.
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By this scenario, pre-mammals dribbled fluid onto their eggs through pores on their chest; nipples came much later.
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I've used it once before and liked it — I'm hoping it gets rid of the clogged pores on my chin.
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Kendall calls her out for her too tan spray tan and laughs about her having big pores on her back.
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They'll close off the pores on their leaves, called stomata, to keep the dry California air from sucking out water.
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Young platypuses live with their mothers for up to four months, suckling on milk released through pores on the mother's chest.
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That created a sheet of nanostructured carbon, and the researchers then filled the pores on its lower surface with a sodium electrolyte.
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So, something like 97 to 99 percent of the water a plant removes from the soil is released via tiny pores on its leaves.
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I was shocked to see the once-clogged pores on my nose looking as clear as they did the last time I ripped off a Bioré pore strip.
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Even if an ingredient has the ability to block pores on its own, it may not block pores when mixed in a skin-care or makeup product, for example.
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Laboratories in shipping containers track the opening and closing of stomata, the pores on the leaves of various trees, studying how they release moisture and take in carbon dioxide.
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My skin felt pretty dry and tight afterwards, but the pores on my nose honestly seemed to have shrunk (this isn't physiologically possible but still) and there were many fewer blackheads.
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The material is made from fine strands of plastic on a machine about 40 feet long and 20 feet high that operates something like a paper mill, churning out nonwoven fabric with tight pores on giant rolls.
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To be able to suck water out of low-humidity climates, Yaghi chemically modified the pores on the MOF so that they were suited to attract water molecules and sequentially release them once in contact with low heat.
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It refers to the four preopercular pores on the eel.
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Glandular scales separate 4-5 pre-anal pores and 3-6 femoral pores on each side. Dorsum brown with four dark transverse markings.
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The pores on the cap underside are angular to hexagonal and relatively large (0.5–3 mm diameter). The fungus causes a white rot in hardwoods.
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They are true earthworms, having a complex vascular system with capillaries, the male pores (on 15 or 13) behind the female pores (on 14) and a multicelled clitellum. They were at one time placed in the earthworm families Glossoscolecidae or Almidae, but at present are considered to constitute their own family. Criodrilidae species (criodrilids) are found in mud next to lakes and waterways (cf. North American Sparganophilus).
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Foliar feeding is generally done in the early morning or late evening, preferably at temperatures below , because heat causes the pores on some species' leaves to close.
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The old-fashioned doughnut may have a similar texture to that of a buttermilk doughnut, may be crisp in texture, and typically has cracks and pores on its surface.
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This species, like other species of Cyclura, is sexually dimorphic; males are larger than females, and have larger femoral pores on their thighs, which are used to release pheromones.
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This species, like other species of Cyclura, is sexually dimorphic; males are larger than females, and have more prominent femoral pores on their thighs which are used to release pheromones.
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The pores on the underside of the cap are circular to angular. Spores are held in tubes and are ovoid to ellipsoid, with dimensions of 7–9 by 6–7 μm.
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Trypanosomes endocytose the secreted form of APOL1; APOL1 forms pores on the lysosomal membranes of the trypanosomes which causes in influx of chloride, swelling of the lysosome and lysis of the trypanosome.
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Physiology E. Several physical and behavioral characteristics are common among lizards that use chemical communication. Lizards that produce these chemicals often have femoral glands or femoral pores on their back legs.Cole, CJ (1966).
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The feeding and defensive polyps are hair-like and project through fine pores on the surface of the blades. Contact with this fire coral by bare skin can cause a severe stinging sensation.
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Ventrals in 6 longitudinal series. A large postero-median pre-anal plate. The hind limb reaches the ear, or between the ear and the eye. 13 to 10 femoral pores on each side.
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Pores on the cap underside are red, and number about 1–3 per millimetre. The flesh is soft and thick, red, and watery. It does not have any distinct odour. Tyromyces pulcherrimus is inedible.
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However, problems exist with the deposition of polymers within complex geometries, e.g. pores, on the size scale of 50-300 nm, resulting in defective coatings. One potential solution is to use self-limiting approaches.
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Males can reach a maximum total length of . The species epithet "microstictus" means "small punctures" in Greek, and is treated as a noun in apposition. It refers to the small pores on the eel's head.
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This species, like other species of Cyclura, is sexually dimorphic; males are larger than females, and have more prominent dorsal crests as well as larger femoral pores on their thighs, which are used to release pheromones.
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There are two germ pores on each spore, situated equatorially, without bumps (papilla). The telia (fruiting structures that produce teliospores) resemble uredinia. The teliospores are 27–46 by 20–30 µm, and not constricted at the septum.
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The pores on the cap underside are up to 1.5 mm in diameter. The pore surface is initially white before changing to pale pink. Spores are ellipsoid, hyaline (translucent), and measure 17–18 by 6–7 µm.
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Favolus, or honeycomb fungus, is a genus of fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The fruit bodies of Favolus species are fleshy with radially arranged pores on the underside of the cap that are angular and deeply pitted, somewhat resembling a honeycomb.
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Body is oval and laterally flattened. Mouth is rather small, more or less protrusive, with rather strong canine-like teeth. There are a few cephalic pores on the snout; lips are with 6-9 folds. Head is generally longer than body depth.
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144 The high density of pores on the eggshell surface suggests that these eggs were laid in a humid environment. At the Mercedes Formation, Sphaerovum-like eggs were found in large, closely packed groups indicating that they were buried in a shallow pit.
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Lichens in the genus Pleurosticita are similar in appearance, but are distinguished from Melanelixia by their broader lobes, pores on the epicortex that are reticulated, a pigment that reacts violet in K and HNO3, and the presence of depsidones in the medulla.
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Its colour is whitish to pinkish, later becoming reddish to brown. The pores on the cap underside have an angular to hexagonal shape. Echinochaete has a dimitic hyphal system, containing both generative and skeletal hyphae. The generative hyphae are hyaline, thin-walled, and have clamp connections.
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The fruit bodies of Lignosus fungi are annual. They have a cap that is coloured white to brown, with a central supporting stipe. The texture of the cap surface is smooth to very finely tomentose. Pores on the cap underside range in size from small to large.
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Males have well- developed femoral pores on the undersurface of their rear limbs. These pores are less developed or absent in females. Females often have well-developed endolymphatic chalk sacs on the sides of their necks. These sacs store calcium, which is needed for egg production.
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S. ostrea spread on a tree. It gets its name 'false turkey-tail' because it mimics Trametes versicolor. They can be distinguished as T. versicolor has numerous pores on the underside of its fruiting body, unlike S. ostrea. Also, S. ostrea is more red in color.
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Females tend to be relatively dull in color, exhibiting less brilliant blue if any. This species, like other species of Cyclura, is sexually dimorphic; males are larger than females, and have more prominent dorsal crests, "horns" and femoral pores on their thighs, which are used to release pheromones.
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A more or less enlarged postero-median preanal plate. The hind limb reaches about the ear in the male, the shoulder or a little beyond in the female. 7 to 12 (usually 9 to 11) femoral pores on each side. Tail about twice as long as head and body.
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The pores on the cap underside, which measure about 1 mm wide, are initially white to grayish before becoming pinkish. The coarsely reticulate and pitted stipe measures long by . The spore print is reddish brown; spores are spindle-shaped (fusoid) with dimensions of 15–20 by 6–9 μm.
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Styloichthys is characterized by large pores on the cosmine surface. These pores are often spoon-shaped and arranged in parallel grooves. There is a jagged margin between ethmosphenoid and otoccipital shields, an otoccipital with a wide flat surface carrying no vestibular fontanelle. The snout bends sharply downward and is slightly concave.
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Males of this species, like other species within the Genus Cyclura are larger than females and have more prominent dorsal crests in addition to femoral pores on their thighs, which are used to release pheromones; females lack these pores and have shorter crests than the males making the animals sexually dimorphic.
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The cap is hemispherical when young, later convex to flat, whitish grey or darker. It is up to 12 cm in diameter. It is slimy, and blotchy when old. The large, angular pores on the underside of the cap are coloured pallid to yellowish at first, but become darker with maturity.
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It produces no nectar - giving pollinators large amounts of pollen instead, which must be extracted through pores on the anthers. Melastoma affine is pollinated by bees, particularly Xylocopa bombylans, X. aff. gressittii, Amegilla anomola and Nomia species. Honeybees outcompete native bees for pollen at flowers, impacting on the species' reproduction.
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The fruit bodies of Nigroporus vinosus are annual to perennial. Their caps are leathery to smooth, and sometimes has concentric zones. The colour is reddish-brown to purplish-brown to dark violet. Pores on the cap underside any minute, numbering seven or eight per millimetre; the tubes are up to long.
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Immature iguanas lack these bright colors, being either solid brown or grey with faint slightly darker stripes. This species, like other species of Cyclura, is sexually dimorphic; males are larger than females, and have more prominent dorsal crests as well as larger femoral pores on their thighs, which are used to release pheromones.
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Fruitbodies consist of overlapping fan-shaped caps up to wide and thick. The upper surface of the fruit body is bright orange before fading to light brownish in age. The pores on the cap underside are initially bright yellow, but fade to pale tan. Pores are small, measuring 1 to 4 per millimetre.
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Ventral plates usually broader than long, in straight longitudinal and slightly angular transverse series; 12 or 14 plates across the middle of the body. Usually a median series of broad pre- anals, the posterior largest. The hind limb reaches the ear or the eye. 17 to 23 femoral pores on each side.
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The lower half of the gill cover lacks scales, and it has large sensory pores on its head and on the underside of its lower jaw which are part of the lateral line system. Unlike the similar- looking and closely related muskellunge, the northern pike has light markings on a dark body background and fewer than six sensory pores on the underside of each side of the lower jaw. Drawing of northern pike A hybrid between northern pike and muskellunge is known as a tiger muskellunge (Esox masquinongy × lucius or Esox lucius × masquinongy, depending on the sex of each of the contributing species). In the hybrids, the males are invariably sterile, while females are often fertile, and may back-cross with the parent species.
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The eyes have a dark, almost black iris and red sclera. This species, like other species of Cyclura, is sexually dimorphic; males are larger than females, and have larger femoral pores on their thighs, which are used to release pheromones. Eggs from the genus Cyclura are some of the largest laid by any lizard.
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What makes this iguana stand out from the other two subspecies is the scalation on its neck and head. This subspecies, like other members of Cyclura, is sexually dimorphic; males are larger than females, and have more prominent dorsal crests as well as larger femoral pores on their thighs, which are used to release pheromones.
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Each mature proglottid has a set of male and female reproductive organ and genital pores on one side. Testes are located on both sides of the ovary and behind vitellarium. Each egg capsule contained 4-12 eggs and many calcareous corpuscles, each of which is surrounded by a membrane. The male reproductive system matures first.
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The pores on the cap underside are initially white but become pinkish as the spores mature. The pores are roughly circular, measuring about 1 or 2 per millimeter; the tubes are deep. The club-shaped stipe measures long by thick. It is white or whitish like the cap, and also develops brownish stains in age.
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The convex cap is dry and measures up to . The surface is somewhat tomentose, but especially so near the cap center. The pale pink pores on the underside of the cap angular and about 0.5 mm in diameter, while the tubes are up to . The slender stipe measures long and 2–3 mm thick.
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In older specimens, the pores on the pileus can bulge out, while around the stipe they dent in strongly. The pore covering is easy to remove from the skin of the pileus. The stipe is long and wide, slim, with white and dark to black flakes, and tapers upward. The basic mycelium is white.
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The digits are slightly compressed, with tubercular lamellae interiorly. The 10-15 femoral pores on each side form a long series and are more developed in males. The caudal scales are pointed and very strongly keeled. The tail is cylindrical and very long, 2 to 2.5 times as long as the head and body.
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The Titicaca orestias was characterized by a unique pattern of pores on the head. Large thick scales lined the median dorsal ridge and thinner smaller scales surrounded the ridge. Between these two areas of skin were patches with no scales. Unlike most other species of Orestias, the scales of the adult O. cuvieri were granulated.
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While many other Suillus species have a sticky or slimy cap, S. spraguei is dry. The flesh is yellow. The pores on the underside of the cap are yellowish and angular, measuring wide, and formed by tubes that extend deep. These pores have a slightly decurrent attachment to the stem (extending down its length).
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A. koschevnikovi hosts a unique species of the honey bee parasitic mite genus Varroa, named Varroa rindereri. Although this parasite species is quite similar to Varroa jacobsoni it is perfectly differentiable. V. rindereri is larger (1 180 x 1 698 micrometers). V.rindereri also has a fewer number of setae and pores on the sternal shield.
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When exposed to ultrasound, MBs oscillate in response to the incoming pressure waves in one of two ways. With lower pressures, higher frequencies, and larger MB diameter, MBs oscillate, or cavitate, stably. This causes microstreaming near the surrounding vasculature and tissues, inducing shear stresses that can create pores on the endothelial layer. This pore formation enhances endocytosis and permeability.
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It is one of the few fossil eggs to have only two layers and a smooth eggshell. Incognitoolithus has a distinctive pore system. It has both branching and unbranching pores. The openings of these pores on the surface of the eggshell matches the "aepyornithid" type: Pores open in small pits or in grooves which may accommodate multiple pore openings.
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O. parvus has numerous conspicuous rows of pores on the head, an incomplete lateral line perforating about 6 scales, a dark crescent-shaped mark at the base of each scale, a dark blotch at the base of the caudal fin, one at the tip of the dorsal fin and one along the anterior margin of the anal fin.
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Pores on the underside of the cap vary in size, but are typically diamond shaped and may be elongated radially. N. suavissimus is the single Neofavolus fungus with a hymenium featuring gills rather than pores. N. suavissimus Neofavolus has a dimitic hyphal system, with both generative and the more predominant skeletal- binding hyphae. The generative hyphae have clamp connections.
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Linnaeus named a genus of trees Grewia in his honour. At Pembroke there is a stained-glass representation of a page of his work in the College's Library. Grew is also considered to be one of the pioneers of dactyloscopy. He was the first person to study and describe ridges, furrows, and pores on hand and foot surfaces.
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Typhleotris mararybe is about long. The body is uniformly dark brown in color, and the fins are mostly white with brown bases. Its sensory systems include a series of pores on its head, but it lacks eyes. The fish is relatively slow-moving, but more responsive to approaching objects than the closely related T. madagascariensis, diving to avoid them.
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The fungus features a stipe (up to long) that is laterally attached to its semicircular or fan-shaped cap. The presence of a stipe is unique in the genus Perenniporia. The cap surface is smooth, and ochre to pale brown in colour. The pores on the cap underside are tiny, measuring 8 to 10 per millimetre.
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What is the size of pores on the membrane? How long is the “opening up” time window? Chang and his collaborator T. S. Reese used a technique called “rapid freezing-fracture electron microscopy” to take the snapshots of this process. For the first time, he showed the structure of the pores induced by the external electric field.
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Nothing is known of the life history of this species. In related species, the male secretes sperm from pores on the coxae of the second legs into coxal sacs on the post-gonopodal legs. The secretions from the coxal sacs then form the seminal fluid into a spermatophore which is then transferred to the cyphopods of the female during mating.
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The shape resembles a large tongue, and it is rough-surfaced with a reddish-brown colour. The spores are released from minute pores on the creamy-white underside of the fruit body. A younger Fistulina hepatica is a pinkish-red colour, and it darkens with age. It bleeds a dull red juice when cut, with the cut flesh further resembling meat.
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There are two dorsal fins. The species can be identified by the arrangement of pores on its head, the spines and rays in the dorsal fins, and the scales and papillae on the head and face. The yellow ventral fins also distinguish it from other gobies. The lifespan is generally up to 3 years, but some individuals may get older.
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The orange Hydnellum resembles the polypore Phaeolus schweinitzii when viewed from the top of the cap surface, but it has teeth instead of pores on the hymenium. Closely related and morphologically similar species in the genus Hydnellum include H. congenum (has thin flesh in the cap), H. ferrugipes and H. earlianum (has a smoother cap, and spines have sulfur-yellow tips, not white).
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Seiderman created the effect of skin pores on Kane's face by stippling the surface with a negative cast made from an orange peel. Welles often arrived on the set at 2:30 a.m., as application of the sculptural make-up took 3½ hours for the oldest incarnation of Kane. The make-up included appliances to age Welles's shoulders, breast, and stomach.
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Antrodia are effused- resupinate, that is, they lie stretched out on the growing surface with the hymenium exposed on the outer side, but turned out at the edges to form brackets. When present, these brackets are typically white or pale brown. The pores on the surface of the hymenium may be round or angular. The context is white or pale.
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Boletus gansuensis is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. Found in China, where it grows in association with Himalayan birch (Betula utilis), it was described as new to science in 2003. The fruitbodies of the fungus have red caps, pinkish-red pores on the cap underside, and a somewhat furfuraceous stipe (i.e., covered in scaly, branlike particles).
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The yellow flesh is tinged with red under the cap cuticle. It bruises blue only after several hours of exposure to air. The pores on the cap underside are lemon-yellow to chrome-yellow and display a faint blue bruising reaction. Spores are elliptical and measure 9–14 by 4.5–6.5 µm; in mass they produce an olive-green spore print.
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Batasio species typically have enlarged sensory pores on their head, laterally compressed heads and bodies, and at least 35 vertebrae. B. tengana, B. pakistanicus and B. spilurus differ from other Batasio species in that their adipose fin is much shorter. These fish are small catfish. B. pakistanicus and B. spilurus are the smallest species, reaching only SL and SL respectively.
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Compared to other species of genus Perenniporia, P. minor has tiny fruit bodies with caps measuring up to wide and thick. It is this feature to which the specific epithet minor refers. The colour of the cap surface is initially pale buff, darkening slightly with age. The pores on the undersurface of the cap and tiny and round, numbering 4–6 per millimetre.
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Spongilla lacustris is part of the class demosponges of the phylum Porifera. The Porifera phylum contains all sponges which are characterized by the small pores on the outer layer, which take in water. The cells in the sponge walls filter food from the water. Whatever is not uptaken by the sponge is pumped through the body out of a large opening.
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Laetiporus ailaoshanensis is a species of polypore fungus in the family Fomitopsidaceae. It is found in southwestern China, where it grows on Lithocarpus. The species was described as new to science in 2014 by Baokai Cui and Jie Song. Its fruit body has an orange-yellow to reddish-orange cap surface, with cream to buff pores on the cap underside.
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The pores on the underside of the cap are angular, and measure about 1–2 per millimetre. The color of the pore surface is bright yellow to start, but eventually darkens somewhat, and will stain blue with damage. The depth of the tubes comprising the pores extends to . The stem measures long by thick, and typically has a thick, bulbous base.
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Fruit bodies have hemispherical to convex brownish caps measuring in diameter. The roundish pores on the cap underside are pale yellow, numbering about 1–2 per mm, while the tubes are 6–8 mm long. The fresh spore print is dark pink to purplish gray. Spores are smooth, ellipsoid to fusiform (spindle-shaped), and typically measure 33–43 by 4–8 µm.
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The color is mottled or uneven, with patches of color including dingy yellow-brown and grayish brown. The cap cuticle can sometimes be peeled off as a translucent layer of tissue. Pores on the cap underside measure about 2 mm in diameter. They are initially whitish before becoming light pink; injury to the pores causes a rusty-vinaceous to dingy brown bruising reaction.
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It is native to Southern Arabia, especially Dhofar. In general, giant millipedes have a life expectancy of about 7-10 years. Giant millipedes have two main modes of defence if they feel threatened: curling into a tight spiral exposing only the hard exoskeleton, and secretion of an irritating liquid from pores on their body. This liquid can be harmful if introduced into the eyes or mouth.
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Once the RNA is released, the pentameric subunits close, forming the now-empty capsid. The small protein, VP4, contained within the capsid also plays a role in genome release by affecting the permeability of the host cell membrane. Discrete pores on the capsid surface allow VP4 permeabilization activity on the membrane similar to viroporins. This assists in genome entry and possibly in further cell entry steps.
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In molecular biology, proteins in the antifungal protein family consist of five antiparallel beta strands which are highly twisted creating a beta barrel stabilised by four internal disulphide bridges. A cationic site adjacent to a hydrophobic stretch on the protein surface may constitute a phospholipid binding site. Human Epithelium produce antifungal proteins. The proteins kill fungi by inducing apoptosis and/or forming pores on the cell membrane.
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Many hemolysins are pore-forming toxins (PFT), which are able to cause the lysis of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets by producing pores on the cytoplasmic membrane. Hemolysin is normally secreted by the bacteria in a water-soluble way. These monomers diffuse to the target cells and are attached to them by specific receivers. After this is done, they oligomerize, creating ring-shaped heptamer complexes.
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Then its nutrients diffuse to the rest of the planaria. Planaria receive oxygen and release carbon dioxide by diffusion. The excretory system is made of many tubes with many flame cells and excretory pores on them. Also, flame cells remove unwanted liquids from the body by passing them through ducts which lead to excretory pores, where waste is released on the dorsal surface of the planarian.
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Singer R (1974) A Monograph of Favolaschia Beih. Nova Hedwigia 50:1–107 It presents as a bright orange stalked fan, 5 mm–30 mm diameter, with prominent pores on the underside. It is uncertain whether F. calocera is native to Madagascar or was introduced to the island from Asia. Throughout much of its expanded range F. calocera is now considered an invasive species.
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They have 31 large scales with pores on the lateral line. The maximum size is up to 76 cm, the common size is up to 35 cm. In the initial phase, Mexican hogfish are reddish, grading to yellow on the posterior part of the body and the caudal fin. They have a pair of blackish stripes (may be broken) on the upper half of the side.
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The stipe is cylindrical to flattened or reduced. The internal tissue of the fruit body (context) has a tough and fleshy to leathery texture when fresh, becoming leathery to corky or brittle when dried. Pores on the underside of the cap are large to small, and either regular or radially elongated. Favolus has a dimitic hyphal system, containing both generative and skeletal-binding hyphae.
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There are more than 2 pores on the tip of its chin. On either side of the head are two or more heavily branched cirri, which are tentacle-like structures lacking features of a traditional tentacle. The cirri are directly anterior to the origin of the dorsal fin. There may also be flaps in front of the nostrils, eyes, and nape of the fish.
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Tylopilus punctatofumosus is a bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae found in China. It was described as new to science in 1948 by Wei-Fan Chiu as a species of Boletus; F.L. Tai transferred it to the genus Tylopilus in 1979. The fruit body has a hemispherical to cushion-shaped, white cap measuring in diameter. The pores on the cap underside measure less than 1 mm wide.
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The males have a symmetrical armatured hemipenes which only one is used at a time. The males and females have 11 to 18 femoral pores on each thigh of which pheramones are commonly excreted. The females lays 8 to 12 eggs around April or May and hatchlings appear from October through November. The long incubation period is due to the cold conditions of winter.
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Atractoscion is a genus of fish in the family Sciaenidae found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Ocean. The genus is distinguished by having a lower jaw that protrudes beyond the upper jaw, shape and position of the swim bladder, the lack of barbels and sensory pores on the chin, teeth that are cardiform or pluriserial, and caudal fin that is slightly emarginate to lunate.
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Callococcus had been placed in the family Asterolecaniidae (the pit scales) based on the presence of 8-shaped pores on the dorsum of nymphs,Ben-Dov Y. (2006). A Systematic Catalogue of Eight Scale Insect Families (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of the World: Aclerdidae, Asterolecaniidae, Beesoniidae, Carayonemidae, Conchaspididae, Dactylopiidae, Kerriidae and Lecanodiaspididae. Elsevier, San Diego. 388pp because this character was interpreted as being diagnostic for this family.
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The fruit bodies of the fungus are crust-like, ranging in colour from cream to pale orange- buff. Pores on the surface are small, numbering 4–6 per millimetre, and angular to slot-like. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are club-shaped, measuring 10–12 by 4–4.5 μm. Spores are hyaline, thin-walled, cylindrical to allantoid (sausage-shaped), and measure 2.8–3 by 0.8–1 μm.
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Lignosus cameronensis is a species of poroid fungus in the family Polyporaceae. Its fruit bodies have a roughly circular brown cap measuring up to in diameter, supported by a muddy brown stipe up to long and thick. The pores on the cap underside are tiny, numbering 2–4 per millimetre. Described as a new species in 2013, it is found in the tropical forests of Pahang, Malaysia.
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The pores on the underside of the cap are hexagonal, coloured dirty white or grey. The flesh is thick and initially white, but will stain pink and then slate grey and black after exposure to the air. The taste of the mushroom is indistinct, with a slight earthiness. The dark brown to black spores are 9–15 by 8–12 μm, short elliptic and are covered with a mesh-like ornament.
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Echiurans are dioecious, with separate male and female individuals. The gonads are associated with the peritoneal membrane lining the body cavity, into which they release the gametes. The sperm and eggs complete their maturation in the body cavity, before being stored in genital sacs, which are specialised metanephridia. At spawning time, the genital sacs contract and the gametes are squeezed into the water column through pores on the worm's ventral surface.
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The species is a polypore, with pores on the underside that bear basidiospores. The species causes a white rot that leads to the tree to decay. Woodpeckers are known to favour its site as a good place to excavate a nesting chamber since the wood will be soft and weaker around its location. The bracket measures, 5–20 cm in diameter, but in rare cases may be 40 cm wide.
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Snailfish are scaleless with a thin, loose gelatinous skin; some species, such as Acantholiparis opercularis have prickly spines, as well. Their teeth are small and simple with blunt cusps. The deep-sea species have prominent, well-developed sensory pores on the head, part of the animals' lateral line system. The pectoral fins are large and provide the snailfish with its primary means of locomotion although they are fragile.
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There are up to about 33 species.Asyneuma. The Plant List. Characters used to identify Asyneuma species include a generally wheel-shaped (rotate) corolla with the petals fused at the bases and spreading outward into very narrow lobes, lacking or rudimentary appendages on the calyx, a stigma with 2 to 4 lobes, and an oblong or roughly spherical fruit capsule that breaks open via pores on the sides.Parolly, G. (2000).
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They are absent in all genera in the Anguidae, Chamaeleonidae, Dibamidae, Helodermatidae, Scincidae, Xenosauridae, and Varanidae families. They are present in other lizards and amphisbaenians quite variably, some geckoes, Phelsuma, for example have these pores, others in the same family do not. Femoral pores on a male Western Fence Lizard secreting waxy lipids. These lipids are used by the male to lay down scent for marking territory or other purposes.
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Pycnoporus sanguineus is a white rot saprobic fungus. It was discovered on Guana Island (part of the Virgin Islands) but occurs throughout the tropics, usually growing on dead hardwoods. It grows in the form of a thin dry conk with a lateral attachment to its substrate, is bright orange on all surfaces with concentric zonation, and the pores on the underside are minute. It is inedible due to its tough texture.
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Alticorpus macrocleithrum is a species of fish in the family Cichlidae. It is endemic to Lake Malawi, where it can be found at depths between . This species differs from all other species of Alticorpus by the presence of a prominent ventral protuberance of the cleithrum on the chest, hence the name macrocleithrum. Like all members of Alticorpus, A. macrocleithrum has enlarged lateral pores on the lower part of the head.
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Poromera is derived from the Greek words "póros" ( πόρος) which means "pore" or "duct" and "mērós" ( μηρός) which means "thigh". Poromera refers to the long series of femoral pores on the thighs of this species. The specific name, fordii, is in honor of Dr. Henry A. Ford, a medical missionary in Gabon, who collected specimens for the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences.Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011).
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So she produced warriors of Shaka-Yavana lineage. From her mouth, emerged the Kambhojas, from her udder Barvaras, from her hind Yavanas and Shakas, and from pores on her skin, Haritas, Kiratas and other foreign warriors. Together, the army of Sabala killed Vishwamitra's army and all his sons. This event led to a great rivalry between Vashista and Vishwamitra, who renounced his kingdom and became a great sage to defeat Vashista.
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Fruit bodies of Butyriboletus appendiculatus have convex to flattened, brown to yellowish brown caps measuring in diameter. They have a dry to slightly sticky surface texture that may develop cracks with age. The mushroom has very firm yellowish flesh that may slowly change blue when cut or bruised. The pores on the cap undersurface are butter yellow, and may also bruise blue, although this is less likely in young specimens.
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An alternative pathway that links apoptosis and pyroptosis has been recently proposed. Caspase-3, an executioner caspase in apoptosis, can cleave gasdermin E (GSDME) to produce a N-terminal fragment and a C-terminal fragment in a way similar to GSDMD cleavage. When apoptotic cells are not scavenged by macrophages, GSDME expression is then upregulated by p53. GSDME is then activated by caspase-3 to form pores on the cell membrane.
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First-instar nymphs (crawlers) of C. leptospermi are generally a pinkish colour and have well developed legs and antennae. They have numerous 8-shaped pores on their dorsum (back). Unusually among scale insects, male and female crawlers of C. leptospermi exhibit sexual dimorphism. Adult males of C. leptospermi are winged (single pair, as in other winged male scale insects), pinkish in colour, and have a long slender abdomen.
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Rotifers have a small brain, located just above the mastax, from which a number of nerves extend throughout the body. The number of nerves varies among species, although the nervous system usually has a simple layout. Close to the brain lies a retrocerebral organ, consisting of two glands either side of a medial sac. The sac drains into a duct that divides into two before opening through pores on the uppermost part of the head.
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The Polyporaceae are a family of poroid fungi belonging to the Basidiomycota. The flesh of their fruit bodies varies from soft (as in the case of the dryad's saddle illustrated) to very tough. Most members of this family have their hymenium (fertile layer) in vertical pores on the underside of the caps, but some of them have gills (e.g. Panus) or gill-like structures (such as Daedaleopsis, whose elongated pores form a corky labyrinth).
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Their mantle is about 70mm long and they can weigh from 30 to 40 grams. They have a broad, oval-shaped mantle with 10 to 13 pores on each side. Their fins are joined in the back of the animal with arms located on the opposite end of the fish. Their arms typically have 10 to 12 rows of shorter suckers followed by larger ones and then tapering in size through to the arm tip.
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Notes on two neglected Turkish Asyneuma taxa (Campanulaceae). Willdenowia 30(1), 67-75. These characters are not always helpful in distinguishing Asyneuma from the closely related genus Campanula, because authors disagree on which character is more important: the extent to which the flower petals are joined versus the position of the pores on the fruit capsule. Molecular data has been required to determine the best genus in which to place certain species.
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Materials that are commonly used include polyethylene terephthalate or metals such as aluminum. Pore dimensions are controlled by pH, temperature and time during development with pore densities ranging from 1 to 106 pores per cm2. Membranes made from polyethylene terephthalate and other similar materials, are referred to as "track-etch" membranes, named after the way the pores on the membranes are made. "Tracking" involves bombarding the polymer thin film with high energy particles.
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The eyes are tiny, deep-set, and hidden. They are unlikely to be functional, but there is a well-developed system of sensory pores on its head. The lateral line is visible only on the frontmost part of the body and lacks developed pores. Externally, A. galatheae can be distinguished from other deep-sea ophidioids by its long pectoral fins, which contain only 10–11 fin rays each, and its flat, weakly developed opercular spine.
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C3b binds to the C3 convertase (C4b2b), to form C5 convertase (C4b2b3b). C5 convertase then cleaves C5 into C5a and C5b. Like C3a, C5a is also an anaphylatoxin that interacts with its cognate C5a receptor (C5aR) to attract leukocytes. Subsequent interactions between C5b and other terminal components C6, C7, C8, and C9 form the membrane attack complex or the C5b-9 complex which forms pores on the target cell membranes to lysing.
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Depending on the age, the pores on its underside may be white or brown. The lingzhi mushroom is used in traditional Chinese medicine, but there is insufficient evidence that it is effective for treating any disease. In nature, it grows at the base and stumps of deciduous trees, especially that of the maple. Only two or three out of 10,000 such aged trees will have lingzhi growth, and therefore its wild form is rare.
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Tyromyces pulcherrimus, commonly known as the strawberry bracket, is a species of poroid fungus in the family Polyporaceae. It is readily recognisable by its reddish fruit bodies with pores on the cap underside. The fungus is found natively in Australia, and New Zealand, where it causes a white rot in living and dead logs of southern beech and eucalyptus. In southern Brazil, it is an introduced species that is associated with imported eucalypts.
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The fungus was described as new to science in 2010 by Japanese mycologists Yuko Ota and Tsutomu Hattori. The type collection was made on Mount Kurikoma, in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, where the fungus was found fruiting on a trunk of oak. Molecular analysis of DNA sequences confirmed that the taxon is a unique species within the genus Laetiporus. The specific epithet cremeiporus refers to the cream-colored pores on the cap underside.
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Pores on sieve areas allow for cytoplasmic connections to neighboring cells, which allows for the movement of photosynthetic material and other organic molecules necessary for tissue function. Structurally, they are elongated and parallel to the organ or tissue that they are located in. Sieve elements typically lack a nucleus and contain none to a very small number of ribosomes. The two types of sieve elements, sieve tube members and sieve cells, have different structures.
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Abstract It lays eggs which is does not guard. Yunnanilus macrogaster has a moderately elongated and compressed body with a short lateral line which has 6–10 pores and a line of pores on the head. The caudal peduncle is around 1.4 times as long as it is deep and its eyes have a diameter of slightly less than one fifth of the head length. It grows to a standard length of 63.2 mm.
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Lignosus tigris is a species of poroid fungus in the family Polyporaceae. Its fruit bodies have a roughly circular, brown to ochre cap measuring up to in diameter, supported by a muddy-brown stipe up to long and thick. The honeycomb-like pores on the cap underside number 1–2 per millimetre. Described as a new species in 2013 by mycologist Chon-Seng Tan, it is found in the tropical forests of Pahang, Malaysia.
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From what is known about the winghead shark, the shape of the hammerhead apparently has to do with an evolved sensory function. Like all sharks, hammerheads have electroreceptory sensory pores called ampullae of Lorenzini. The pores on the shark's head lead to sensory tubes, which detect electric fields generated by other living creatures. By distributing the receptors over a wider area, like a larger radio antenna, hammerheads can sweep for prey more effectively.
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The water vascular system leads downwards from the madreporite through the slender stone canal to the ring canal, which encircles the oesophagus. Radial canals lead from here through each ambulacral area to terminate in a small tentacle which passes through the ambulacral plate near the aboral pole. Lateral canals lead from these radial canals, ending in ampullae. From here, two tubes pass through a pair of pores on the plate to terminate in the tube feet.
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Boletus subluridellus is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. Described as new to science in 1971 by American mycologists, the bolete is found in the eastern United States and Canada. It grows on the ground in coniferous and mixed forests in a mycorrhizal association with deciduous trees, especially oak. The fruit bodies (mushrooms) have orangish-red, broadly convex caps that are up to in diameter, with small, dark reddish pores on the underside.
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Ceriantharia have adapted large pores on the surface of their tentacles as a mechanism to retract into their tubes to avoid predation faster. The tube is approximately 1–3 cm thick in adults, but it can be much thinner in younger or smaller species. Other species of Cerianthidae have various tube lengths, while C. brasiliensis' tube is relatively short. When the species is removed from its tube, it can regenerate a very thin replacement within 12 hours.
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The old-fashioned doughnut is a variety of cake doughnut prepared in the shape of a ring with tapered edges around it. Cake doughnuts originated in the United States circa 1829. Primary ingredients in the old-fashioned doughnut include flour, sugar, eggs, sour cream or buttermilk and leavener. It is typically deep fried, may have a crunchier or crisper texture compared to other styles of cake doughnuts, and typically has cracks and pores on its surface.
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This is in contrast to northern pike, which have dark bodies with light markings. A reliable method to distinguish the two similar species is by counting the sensory pores on the underside of the mandible. A muskie will have seven or more per side, while the northern pike never has more than six. The lobes of the caudal (tail) fin in muskellunge come to a sharper point, while those of northern pike are more generally rounded.
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Macrodasyida is an order of gastrotrichs. Members of this order are somewhat worm-like in form, and not more than 1 to 1.5 mm in length. Macrodasyids are almost in entirely marine and live in the sediment in marine or brackish water, but two species have been discovered in freshwater. They can be distinguished from other gastrotrichs by the presence of two pores on either side of the pharynx, that allow excess water to be expelled during feeding.
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The adult worm is about long. Gravid proglottids containing the worm's microscopic eggs are either passed in the definitive host's feces or may leave their host spontaneously and are then ingested by microscopic flea larvae (the intermediate hosts) in the surrounding environment. As in all members of family Dipylidiidae, proglottids of the adult worm have genital pores on both sides (hence the name double-pore tapeworm). Each side has a set of male and female reproductive organs.
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The winglike claspers of Drilocrius alfari All species of genus Alma have claspers. The male pores are near the tips of these claspers, and they are furnished with genital chaetae and sucker-like structures. Most members of this family have one pair of male pores on segment 15 through 30. Female pores are located on segment 14. Glyphidrilus kukenthali is one of only three ‘earthworm’ species known to have two pairs of female pores, in 13 and 14.
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Suillellus luridus (formerly Boletus luridus), commonly known as the lurid bolete, is a fungus of the family Boletaceae, found in calcareous broadleaved woodlands in Europe. Fruit bodies appear in summer and autumn and may be locally abundant. It is a firm bolete with an olive-brown cap up to in diameter, with small orange or red pores on the underside (yellow when young). The stout ochre stem reaches high and wide, and is patterned with a red network.
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The small pores on the underside of the cap are yellow before becoming olive-brown. The stem is up to long and thick and is covered with reddish-brown glandular dots. Young specimens are covered with a grayish, slimy partial veil that later ruptures and leaves a sheathlike ring on the stem. Although the mushroom is generally considered edible—especially if the slimy cap cuticle and partial veil are first peeled off—opinions about its palatability vary.
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The Japanese wobbegong (Orectolobus japonicus) is a carpet shark in the family Orectolobidae of the wobbegong family, found in the tropical western Pacific Ocean from Japan and Korea to Viet Nam and the Philippines, between latitudes 43 and 6°N. It reaches a length of 1 m. Japanese wobbegong sharks typically remain motionless during the daytime, and are not active hunters. They use camouflage and their electroreceptor pores on their dorsal area to help them sense prey nearby.
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They have jaws armed with bands of fine, pointed teeth. The cheek and operculum have lines of papillae which are also found around the preopercular margin and on each side of snout to above the eye. There are 3-5 large pores on the preopercular margin. It has two dorsal fins, the first, anterior dorsal fin, is rounded and has notches between its six spines and the second, posterior dorsal fin, is taller and slightly longer.
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Aside from the adenostyle, males in many species possess glandular pores on either the underside of the opisthosoma or the anal region, although these glands are not present in all species. Males in several families also possess structural modifications of the anal plate and males of certain species in the family Stylocellidae possess a modified patch of cuticle near the adenostyle known as the Rambla's organ. The exact function of these glands and structures is currently unknown.
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For 30 days (nyob dua hli), she will stay on this diet in order to cleanse her body of leftover blood and avoid future illness. Kav (coining or spooning) is another form of treatment that involves using the edge of a silver coin or spoon to scrape the surface of the skin. The process begins by applying tiger balm (tshuaj luan paub) onto the areas that will be scraped to supposedly help open the pores on the body and supposedly release toxins.
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Perforin is a pore forming cytolytic protein found in the granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer cells (NK cells). Upon degranulation, perforin binds to the target cell's plasma membrane, and oligomerises in a Ca2+ dependent manner to form pores on the target cell. The pore formed allows for the passive diffusion of a family of pro-apoptotic proteases, known as the granzymes, into the target cell. The lytic membrane-inserting part of perforin is the MACPF domain.
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Bulgogi and side dishes Korean cuisine is probably best known for kimchi, a side dish which uses a distinctive fermentation process of preserving vegetables, most commonly cabbage. Kimchi is said to relieve the pores on the skin, thereby reducing wrinkles and providing nutrients to the skin naturally. It is also healthy, as it provides necessary vitamins and nutrients. Gochujang, a traditional Korean sauce made of red pepper is also commonly used, often as pepper (chilli) paste, earning the cuisine a reputation for spiciness.
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The upper surface of the caps of Leiotrametes fungi are smooth and dull. They are attached to the substrate by a stem-like base, sometimes in the form of a disc; this feature is however absent in L. lactinea, which is sessile. The pores on the cap underside are regular, sometimes becoming daedalean (maze-like) to lamellate (gill-like). Leiotrametes lacks the parietal crystals in the hyphae that are found in the similar genera Artolenzites, Pycnoporus, and are sometimes present in Trametes.
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Members of the genus Sterechinus have compound ambulacral plates that are trigeminate (composed of three elements). These plates have a primary tubercle articulating with a spine on the middle element, a small secondary tubercle in the interambulacral groove on one side of it and 3 pairs of pores on the other. The tube feet are connected to these pores in the living animal and the pore pairs are arranged in a vertical arc. The sutures between the plates are deeply indented.
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The description of his death in the chronicle is uniquely in-depth and emotional, with many details. At first he was sick for a long time, he could not eat, lost sleep and even seemed to go deaf. On Sunday, 18 September he was able to take the sacrament, although he was bleeding from his nose and through the pores on his skin. After the sacrament, for a short time he felt better, he was able to eat a little.
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Some natural systems such as this coral require approximate solutions to problems similar to the Tammes problem In geometry, the Tammes problem is a problem in packing a given number of circles on the surface of a sphere such that the minimum distance between circles is maximized. It is named after a Dutch botanist who posed the problem in 1930 while studying the distribution of pores on pollen grains. It can be viewed as a particular special case of the generalized Thomson problem.
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Harrya chromapes, commonly known as the yellowfoot bolete or the chrome-footed bolete, is species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. The bolete is found in eastern North America, Costa Rica, and eastern Asia, where it grows on the ground, in a mycorrhizal association with deciduous and coniferous trees. Fruit bodies have smooth, rose-pink caps that are initially convex before flattening out. The pores on the cap undersurface are white, aging to a pale pink as the spores mature.
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Sutorius eximius, commonly known as the lilac-brown bolete, is a species of fungus in the family Boletaceae. This bolete produces fruit bodies that are dark purple to chocolate brown in color with a smooth cap, a finely scaly stipe, and a reddish-brown spore print. The tiny pores on the cap underside are chocolate to violet brown. It is widely distributed, having been recorded on North America, South America, and Asia, where it grows in a mycorrhizal relationship with both coniferous and deciduous trees.
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Italian botanist Pier Antonio Micheli introduced the genus in 1729 to include 14 species featuring fruit bodies with centrally-placed stipes, and pores on the underside of the cap. The generic name combines the Ancient Greek words ("many") and ("pore"). Elias Fries divided Polyporus into three subgenera in his 1855 work Novae Symbol Mycologici: Eupolyporus, Fomes, and Poria. In a 1995 monograph, Maria Núñez and Leif Ryvarden grouped 32 Polyporus species into 6 morphologically-based infrageneric groups: Admirabilis, Dendropolyporus, Favolus, Polyporellus, Melanopus, and Polyporus sensu stricto.
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The caps of young specimens have a velvety texture and are covered with a whitish to gray powdery coating; this texture and coating is gradually lost as the mushroom matures, and the cap often develops cracks. The pores on the underside of the cap are small and pinkish. The stem is bluish purple to black, and measures up to long by thick. Both the pore surface and the whitish cap flesh will stain pink to reddish gray, and eventually turn black after being cut or injured.
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The plant exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide using the crassulacean acid metabolism process, which allows them to withstand drought. The microscopic pores on the plant's leaves, called the stomata and used to exchange gases, are only opened at night to prevent water from escaping via evaporation in the hot sun. As a result, stored oxygen is released at the opening of the stomata at night, unlike most plants which continuously exchange gases during the day. It is a weed in some parts of northern Australia.
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The pores on the underside of the fruit body are round, approximately 2 per mm. The tubes comprising the pores becomes stratified, layering over each other with each successive year of growth. There is a 2–3 mm-thick layer of sterile tissue between pore layers, and mature tube layers are 2–7 mm long. Microscopically, B. nobilissimus is characterized by hyphae with a septum, pseudocystidia originating from the trama, closely appressed hyphae in bundles (fascicles) on the upper surface of the fruit body.
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In order to detect low frequency fields and DC fields, fish have specialized receptors to read and process the incoming information. The ampullary electrosensory systems of fish and amphibians are modified hair cell sensors with similarities to the lateral line system and audition. Ampullary receptors pores on the skins of the animal, and each pore opens to a water or jelly filled tube which leads to the terminal swelling. Outer faces contact the ampullary lumen via the aquatic environment while the inner faces synapse with nerve fibers.
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Dorsal scales large, strongly keeled, much imbricate, scarcely larger on the back than on the sides; 28 to 35 scales round the middle of the body (ventrals included). A large postero-median preanal plate. The hind limb reaches the shoulder or halfway between the latter and the ear in the male, not to axilla in the female; 7 to 11 femoral pores on each side. Tail once and a half to twice as long as head and body; caudal scales about as large as dorsals.
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Wild individuals, particularly nesting females, often appear deep reddish-brown in color after digging in the coarse ferralic soils of the Hellshire Hills region. Male Jamaican iguanas grow to approximately in length whereas females are slightly smaller, growing to in length. Males also possess large femoral pores on the undersides of their thighs, which are used to release pheromones. The pores of the female are smaller and they do not have a dorsal crest as high as the male's, making the animal somewhat sexually dimorphic.
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The two or four pairs of seminal vesicles produce, store and release the sperm via the male pores. Ovaries and oviducts in segment 13 release eggs via female pores on segment 14, while sperm is expelled from segment 15. One or more pairs of spermathecae are present in segments 9 and 10 (depending on the species) which are internal sacs that receive and store sperm from the other worm during copulation. As a result, segment 15 of one worm exudes sperm into segments 9 and 10 with its storage vesicles of its mate.
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The overall colour may have an orange-red tinge which is more obvious in the lowest parts, although this is also common in other species. As with all boletes, the size of the fruiting body can be very variable. The cap diameter can be as much as 30 (40) cm (12 (16) in) and stem height 15 (25) cm (6 (10) in) and stem width 10 (16) cm (4 (6.4) in) Like other boletes, Boletus pinophilus has small pores on the underside of its cap rather than gills.
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The fungus is characterised by fruit bodies featuring a cap that is laterally attached to the stipe (pleuropodal), to shelf-like (applanate), to slightly convex in shape. The caps are whitish to greyish white; when fresh, there are some violet tints that disappear. Pores on the underside of the cap are medium- sized (relative to other Microporellus species), numbering 3–5 per millimetre. Microscopic characteristics include the presence of cystidia in the hymenium, and more or less spherical to tear-shaped spores that measure 6.5–7.5 by 5.0–6.0 μm.
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The anus is located on the ventral surface close to the posterior of the body. In some species, there are pores in the pharynx opening to the ventral surface; these contain valves and may allow egestion of any excess water swallowed while feeding. In the chaetonotidans, the excretory system consists of a single pair of protonephridia, which open through separate pores on the lateral underside of the animal, usually in the midsection of the body. In the macrodasyidans, there are several pairs of these opening along the side of the body.
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Suillellus amygdalinus is a large solid mushroom with a convex to somewhat flattened, irregular cap that can reach diameters of at maturity. The surface of the cap is dry, and matted with fibers; the cap color of young specimens is red, but the mushrooms typically change to more brownish tones as they mature. The margin of the cap starts out curved inwards (incurved) and gradually becomes curved downwards (decurved) with age. The pores on the underside of the cap are wide, angular, and red or red-orange, while the tubes are deep.
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Problems were encountered due to the high operating temperatures and pressures and the corrosive nature of the chemicals. In 1946, under new funding arrangements, the work moved to the Department of Colloid Science at Cambridge University. There Bacon's team were shown a sample of porous nickel sheet whose origins were so obscure they were protected by the Official Secrets Act. They used this sheet to develop electrodes with large pores on the gas side and finer ones on the electrolyte side, which created a much more stable interface than had existed previously.
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Then, the bacteria can incubate in warm water, opening up large pores on the surface of the cell through which the plasmid can enter. Next, the bacteria is fermented on sugar which will encourage it to grow and duplicate and in the process it will express it’s DNA as well as the transferred plasmid resulting in protein. Finally, the solution is purified in order to separate out the residual protein. This can be done by introducing an antibody raised against the protein of interest which will kill bacteria cells not containing the protein.
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However, if the cap cuticle is bruised, or even touched, there are sudden changes in the colour that depend on the age of the mushroom: young, yellow caps become cherry-red, while ochre-brown cap tissue bruises to reddish-purple. These colour changes soon give way to bluish or greyish tones, which, when combined, give the cap a variegated appearance. The pores on the cap underside are round and small, the sulfur-yellow colour of the pore surface becoming less intense with age. The squat stipe measures long by thick.
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Dextrinoporus fruit bodies are shelf-like and broadly attached to the substrate, measuring up to broad, wide and thick at the base. The dimensions of the watery fresh specimens decrease substantially upon drying, becoming up to one-third of the original size. The pores on the underside of the cap are angular to irregular in outline, and number 1–2 per millimetre. Microscopic characteristics of Dextrinoporus include: a monomitic hyphal structure featuring thick-walled, dextrinoid generative hyphae with clamp connections; presence of dendrohyphidia in the hymenium; and ellipsoid, thin-walled spores.
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The Tyndall effect in opalescent glass: it appears blue from the side, but orange light shines through. Porous glass pore-size gradient (large pores on the right); coloring based on the Tyndall effect. Glass containing two or more phases with different refractive indices shows coloring based on the Tyndall effect and explained by the Mie theory, if the dimensions of the phases are similar or larger than the wavelength of visible light. The scattered light is blue and violet as seen in the image, while the transmitted light is yellow and red.
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Measuring less than in total length (tail included) when full grown, Bartsch's iguana, like its parent species, the Turks and Caicos rock iguana, is one of the smaller species of Cyclura. Bartsch's iguana is greenish to brownish-gray, with a yellow dorsal crest, faint yellow-brown reticulations on the bodies of the adults, and a golden iris. Like other members of the genus Cyclura, males of this species have larger femoral pores on their thighs, which are used to release pheromones. Females have smaller pores, making the animals sexually dimorphic.
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As in all mushroom-producing fungi, the fruit bodies (sporocarps) are the reproductive structures that are produced from fungal mycelium when the appropriate environmental conditions of temperature, humidity and nutrient availability are met. Hydnellum peckii is a stipitate hydnoid fungus, meaning that it has a cap atop a stipe (stem), and a form resembling a Hydnum—characterized by a teeth-like hymenium, rather than gills or pores on the underside of the cap. Fruit bodies growing closely together often appear to fuse together (this is called "confluence"). They can reach a height of up to .
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Jefferson salamanders are one of the first amphibians to emerge in springtime at the northern edge of their range in southern Ontario where they are seen "snowshoeing" across the still frozen understory of the forest to reach partially melted breeding ponds. Males migrate first with females following shortly thereafter. These salamanders have small pores on their heads which exude a whitish liquid when they are handled, suggesting that they may leave a scent trail during migration, Ambystoma jeffersonianum is often found in the same habitat as the spotted salamander.
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The form of Bjerkandera fumosa fruit bodies ranges from effused-reflexed (spread out over the substrate and turned back at the margin to form a cap) or cap-like, but attached directly to the substrate without a stipe. These caps can be solitary or closely overlapping, and are often fused with neighbouring caps. The caps typically measure wide by wide, and a buff-coloured upper surface with a texture ranging from finely hairy (tomentose) to smooth. The pores on the cap underside are circular to angular, numbering 2–5 per millimetre.
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This is because they carry a gene which produces a protein that allows them to secrete urea from their mouths. This adaptation helps them survive in brackish water by making it possible for them to excrete urea without drinking too much salty water. Rather than eliminating urea by urinating through their cloaca as most turtles do, which involves significant water loss, they simply rinse their mouths in the water. When provoked, certain populations of these turtles are capable of excreting a foul smelling fluid from pores on the anterior edge of their shells.
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The caps of the fruit bodies are between wide, with a convex shape. The cap surface is covered with dark brown to black erect scales between 1.5–3 by 1.5–2.5 mm. The stem is up to long; it is thick at the top, and thick at the bottom. The surface of the upper stem is strongly reticulate (covered with a network-like pattern) with individual meshes about 2–4 mm wide and 1–2 mm deep. The pores on the underside of the cap are between 0.5–1 mm wide, dirty white then gray, and they bruise a brownish-black color.
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Yellow pseudocyphellea on the underside of a species of Pseudocyphellaria in Patagonia Pseudocyphellae (singular pseudocyphella) are structures in lichens that appear as tiny pores on the outer surface of the lichen. They are caused when there is a break in the cortex of the lichen, and the medullary hyphae extend to the surface. Pseudocyphellae are the same colour as the medulla of the lichen, which is generally white, but can be yellow in some species of Pseudocyphellaria and in Bryoria fremontii. The presence/absence, abundance, colour, and shape of pseudocyphellae can all be diagnostic features used to identify different species.
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Aureoboletus mirabilis, commonly known as the admirable bolete, the bragger's bolete, and the velvet top, is an edible species of fungus in the Boletaceae mushroom family. The fruit body has several characteristics with which it may be identified: a dark reddish-brown cap; yellow to greenish-yellow pores on the undersurface of the cap; and a reddish-brown stem with long narrow reticulations. Aureoboletus mirabilis is found in coniferous forests along the Pacific Coast of North America, and in Asia. Unusual for boletes, A. mirabilis sometimes appears to fruit on the wood or woody debris of Hemlock, suggesting a saprobic lifestyle.
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Like other bolete mushrooms, S. brevipes produces spores in a vertically arranged layer of spongy tubes with openings that form a layer of small yellowish pores on the underside of the cap. Suillus brevipes grows in a mycorrhizal association with various species of two- and three-needled pines, especially lodgepole and ponderosa pine. The fungus is found throughout North America, and has been introduced to several other countries via transplanted pines. In the succession of mycorrhizal fungi associated with the regrowth of jack pine after clearcutting or wildfires, S. brevipes is a multi-stage fungus, found during all stages of tree development.
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Human sweat gland pores on the ridges of a finger pad The number of active sweat glands varies greatly among different people, though comparisons between different areas (ex. axillae vs. groin) show the same directional changes (certain areas always have more active sweat glands while others always have fewer). According to Henry Gray's estimates, the palm has around 370 sweat glands per cm2; the back of the hand has 200 per cm2; the forehead has 175 per cm2; the breast, abdomen, and forearm have 155 per cm2; and the back and legs have 60–80 per cm2.
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The closely related species Battarrea diguettii is known in the United States from the Mojave desert, and differs from B. phalloides in that the spore sac emerges by ripping through the top of the exoperidium, rather than by circumscissile rupture. The endoperidium of B. diguettii is also smaller, and the spores emerge through a number of pores on the upper surface of the spore sac. Battarrea stevenii can grow taller, up to . Podaxis pistillaris, commonly known as the "desert shaggy mane", occurs in dry locales similar to B. phalloides, but can be distinguished by its shaggy, elongated cap.
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Femoral pores are a part of a holocrine secretory gland found on the inside of the thighs of certain lizards and amphisbaenians which releases pheromones to attract mates or mark territory. In certain species only the male has these pores and in other species, both sexes have them, with the male's being larger. Femoral pores appear as a series of pits or holes within a row of scales on the ventral portion of the animal's thigh. Femoral pores on a gecko Femoral pores are present in all genera in the families Cordylidae, Crotaphytidae, Hoplocercidae, Iguanidae, Phrynosomatidae, and Xantusiidae.
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Because of the limited fresh water available in salty intertidal soils, mangroves limit the amount of water they lose through their leaves. They can restrict the opening of their stomata (pores on the leaf surfaces, which exchange carbon dioxide gas and water vapour during photosynthesis). They also vary the orientation of their leaves to avoid the harsh midday sun and so reduce evaporation from the leaves. Anthony Calfo, a noted aquarium author, observed anecdotally a red mangrove in captivity only grows if its leaves are misted with fresh water several times a week, simulating frequent tropical rainstorms.
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Boletus abruptibulbus is a species of bolete mushroom in the family Boletaceae. Described as new to science in 2009, it is found only in the Gulf Coast of the Florida Panhandle, where it grows on the ground in coastal sand dunes, one of only three North American boletes known to favor this habitat. The fruit bodies have convex brownish caps up to in diameter, supported by solid yellowish to reddish stems measuring long by thick. The pores on the underside of the cap measure about 1–2 mm in diameter and are initially pale yellow before developing a greenish tinge in age.
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Lacalli (1996) suggested a scenario in which the ancestor had a single opening to the digestive system, and that the neural and non-neural mouths arose independently in protostomes and chordates, respectively. By this hypothesis, there is no need for inversion. Martindale and Henry propose a ctenophore-like ancestor (biradial rather than bilateral) with a concentrated nerve cord and two anal pores on opposite sides of the animal in addition to a terminal gut opening. If one of these pores became the mouth in protostomes and the other became the mouth in deuterostomes, this would also preclude inversion.
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Xerocomellus zelleri, commonly known as Zeller's Bolete, is an edible species of mushroom in the family Boletaceae. First described scientifically by American mycologist William Alphonso Murrill in 1912, the species has been juggled by various authors to several genera, including Boletus, Boletellus, and Xerocomus. Found solely in western North America from British Columbia south to Mexico, the fruit bodies are distinguished by their dark reddish brown to nearly black caps with uneven surfaces, the yellow pores on the underside of the caps, and the red-streaked yellow stems. The fungus grows in summer and autumn on the ground, often in Douglas fir forests or on their margins.
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Measuring less than in length when full grown, the Turks and Caicos Rock iguana is one of the smallest species of Cyclura. The lizard's basic color can range from green to brownish grey, usually patterned by darker markings. The species lacks the large scales on the upper surface of its head, characteristic of other species of cyclura and possesses larger dorsal spines than other species of iguana. Like other members of the genus Cyclura, males of this species are larger than females (in this case twice as large in body mass) and have larger dorsal crests and femoral pores on their thighs making the animals sexually dimorphic.
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The silica deposition that takes place from the membrane bound vesicle in diatoms has been hypothesized to be a result of the activity of silaffins and long chain polyamines. This Silica Deposition Vesicle (SDV) has been characterized as an acidic compartment fused with Golgi-derived vesicles. These two protein structures have been shown to create sheets of patterned silica in-vivo with irregular pores on the scale of diatom frustules. One hypothesis as to how these proteins work to create complex structure is that residues are conserved within the SDV's, which is unfortunately difficult to identify or observe due to the limited number of diverse sequences available.
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The Andros Island iguana is one of the largest species of rock iguana which attains a total length of close to . Its coloration is dark-gray to black, with yellowish green or orange tinged scales on the legs, dorsal crest, and the head. When the animal matures, the yellow coloration changes to a bright reddish orange color in contrast to the animals darker striped body and black feet. This species, like other species of Cyclura, is sexually dimorphic; males are larger than females, and have more prominent dorsal crests as well as larger femoral pores on their thighs, which are used to release pheromones.
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The aquatic Surinam toad (Pipa pipa) raises its young in pores on its back where they remain until metamorphosis. The granular poison frog (Oophaga granulifera) is typical of a number of tree frogs in the poison dart frog family Dendrobatidae. Its eggs are laid on the forest floor and when they hatch, the tadpoles are carried one by one on the back of an adult to a suitable water-filled crevice such as the axil of a leaf or the rosette of a bromeliad. The female visits the nursery sites regularly and deposits unfertilised eggs in the water and these are consumed by the tadpoles.
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The Boletaceae are a family of mushroom-forming fungi, primarily characterised by small pores on the spore-bearing hymenial surface (at the underside of the mushroom), instead of gills as are found in most agarics. Nearly as widely distributed as the agarics, the family is renowned for hosting some prime edible species, such as the Cep or King Bolete (Boletus edulis), highly sought after by mushroom hunters worldwide. A number of rare or threatened species are also present in the family, that have become the focus of increasing conservation concerns. As a whole, the typical members of the family are commonly known as boletes.
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Periodic structures lead to non-uniform current densities that lower efficiency and decrease stability. The aperiodic structure is typically made of either aerogels or somewhat more dense ambigels that forms a porous aperiodic sponge. Aerogels and ambigels are formed from wet gels; aerogels are formed when wet gels are dried such that no capillary forces are established, while ambigels are wet gels dried under conditions that minimize capillary forces. Aerogels and ambigels are unique in that 75-99% of the material is ‘open’ but interpenetrated by a solid that is on the order of 10 nm, resulting in pores on the order of 10 to 100 nm.
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Like all wobbegong sharks, the western wobbegong shark is able to electrosense, meaning that the shark can sense the electricity of moving organisms around it. The way that electrosensitivity works is through the gel-filled pores on and surrounding the wobbegong shark’s head. The gel-filled canals open on the surface of the skin, where they pick up sensory information from the environment. At the bottom of these gel-filled pores are the wobbegong’s ampullae of Lorenzini. Wobbegong sharks have “macro-ampullae,” meaning that their ampullae have large pores and long gel-filled canals, which is an adaptation to the salt water’s high electrical conductivity and allows the wobbegong to accurately process the information.
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Suillus americanus is a species of fungus in the mushroom family Suillaceae. Commonly known as the chicken fat mushroom, the American slippery Jack (or slipperycap), or the American suillus, it grows in a mycorrhizal association with eastern white pine and is found where this tree occurs in eastern North America and China. The mushroom can be recognized by the bright yellow cap with red to reddish-brown scales embedded in slime, the large yellow angular pores on the underside of the cap, and the narrow yellow stem marked with dark reddish dots. Molecular phylogenetics analysis suggests that S. americanus may be the same species as S. sibiricus, found in western North America and western and central Asia.
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Lateral translation of the trimeric unit creates a flat 2-dimensional sheet that has features consistent with the molecular properties of hexagonal archaeal S-layers. The overall appearance of the S-layer resembles a honeycomb structure of hexagonal tiles with center to center spacing between the tiles of ~240 Å and a height of ~45 Å. Three different types of pores are present in the sheet with "Primary pores" situated on the six-fold symmetry axis and "Trimer pores" on the three-fold symmetry axis. Asymmetric pores are located between the adjacent trimeric building blocks. The size of the pores are sufficiently large to allow the exchange of metabolites between the organism and the external environment.
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Section Suillus includes species with glandular dots on the stem, and a partial veil which becomes appendiculate on the cap edge. Characteristics of species in subsection Latiporini include cinnamon-coloured spore prints without an olive tinge, and wide pores on the underside of the cap (wider than 1 mm when mature). Other species in the subsection include S. flavidus, S. umbonatus, S. punctatipes, and S. americanus. A phylogenetic analysis of various eastern Asian and eastern North American disjunct Suillus species revealed that S. sibiricus forms a well-supported clade with S. americanus and S. umbonatus; these relationships are corroborated by a previous analysis (1996), which used a larger sampling of Suillus species to determine taxonomic relationships in the genus.
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Pomadasys stridens has a silvery body which is slightly darker dorsally than it is ventrally, it has 3-4 golden-brown stripes along its body, merging towards the caudal peduncle, and a dark blotch on the operculum. It has a relatively large head with a small, slightly oblique mouth and two pores on the tip of the chin which lie in front of a short indentation. It has 12 spines and 13–14 soft rays in the dorsal fin with 3 spines and 3 soft rays in the anal fin. It grows up to 23 cm standard length but averages 10 cm, with females normally growing to a slightly larger size than males.
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The thallus (the vegetative body of the lichen) ranges in form from foliose ("leaf-like", with distinctly formed lobes) and forming rosettes, to somewhat fructicose (branch-like and bushy), with lobes usually dorsiventral with raised tips, sometimes even cylindrical or slightly tapering. The upper thallus surface is bright to dark yellow (resulting from usnic acid), sometimes greenish, often wrinkled or somewhat folded. The lower thallus surface is weakly yellow, with black central parts, and lacks pseudocyphellae (tiny pores on the outer surface). The rhizinae (black hair- like strands that attach the lichen to their substrate) are laminal (originating from all across the thallus surface), almost never close to the margin and rather sparse, and either simple or irregularly branched.
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In Prague Zoo The Cuban iguana is a large lizard, with an average body length of from snout to vent (the base of the tail). On rare occasions, individual males with lengths of when measured from the snout to the tip of the tail have been recorded at the wildlife sanctuary within the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base (GTMO), Cuba with females being two thirds that size. The species is sexually dimorphic: males are much larger than females, and males have enlarged femoral pores on their thighs, which are used to release pheromones to attract mates and mark territory. The skin of male Cuban iguanas ranges in color from dark gray to brick red, whereas that of females is olive green with dark stripes or bands.
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Some members of the BMC-T protein family stack in a face-to-face fashion and form tiny cages. Based on crystal structures, these protein cages have relatively large gated pores on both sides, and it has been proposed that the opening and closing of the pore could be controlled in a manner similar to an air-lock. Such an air-lock, in contrast to BMC-H proteins with constitutively open pores, has been suggested to serve as a route for larger substrates (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate) and products (3-phosphoglycerate) that must cross the shell. A number of viral capsids are also icosahedral, composed of hexameric and pentameric proteins, but currently there is no evidence suggesting any evolutionary relationship between the carboxysome shell and viral capsids.
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The hind limb reaches the ante-humeral fold or a little beyond the ear; the length of the foot equals the distance between the antehumeral fold and the nostril or the tip of the snout. 12 to 16 femoral pores on each side. Tail nearly twice as long as head and body; caudal scales much larger than dorsals. Brownish or golden above; a pale band, edged above with a black one, along each side of the body and tail, commencing from the supraciliary edge; another pale, black-edged band along the upper lip and side of the body; the space between the two light bands on each side usually black, or spotted with black; lower surfaces yellowish-white, tail and hind limbs often reddish.
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These iguanas are characterized by the growth of bony prominent tubercles on their snouts which resemble horns. Dr. Thomas Wiewandt, who spent an extended period on Mona Island studying Cyclura cornuta stejnegeri, suggested that the horns, along with lateral spines and prominent parietal bulges, function as protective armor against sharp rocks or as defensive tools to facilitate the escape of males from the grasp of one another. Males possess an adipose pad in the form of a helmet on the occipital region of the head, and a large dewlap. This species, like other species of Cyclura, is sexually dimorphic; males are larger than females, and have more prominent dorsal crests and "horns" in addition to large femoral pores on their thighs, which are used to release pheromones.
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Several current studies have revealed that GSDMD serves as a specific substrate of inflammatory caspases (caspase-1, -4, -5 and -11) and as an effector molecule for the lytic and highly inflammatory form of programmed cell death known as pyroptosis. Hence, GSDMD is an essential mediator of host defence against microbial infection and danger signals. The pore-forming activity of the N-terminal cleavage product causes cell swelling and lysis to prevent intracellular pathogens from replicating, and is required for the release of cytoplasmic content such as the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) into the extracellular space to recruit and activate immune cells to the site of infection. GSDMD has an additional potential role as an antimicrobial by binding to cardiolipin (CL) and form pores on bacterial membranes.
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Appearing in summer and autumn on chalky soils, the stocky fruit bodies have an ochre cap up to 20 cm (8 in) across, yellow pores on the cap underside, and a wine-red to brown or blackish stipe up to long by wide. The pale yellow flesh changes to different colours when broken or bruised depending on age; younger mushrooms become reddish, and older ones additionally take on bluish tones. Elias Magnus Fries and Christopher Theodor Hök first described this species as Boletus torosus in 1835, a name by which it came to be known for many years. Modern molecular phylogenetics shows that it is only distantly related to Boletus edulis—the type species of Boletus—and it was duly placed in the new genus Imperator in 2015.
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Majin Buu has several different forms, each with a different appearance and personality, however, all are pink creatures (with the exception of Pure Evil Majin Buu, which is dark grey) with an antenna on their head and several holes/pores on both sides of their heads, arms, chest and vertebrae. They have a rubbery body (again, with the exception of Pure Evil Majin Buu) that can regenerate instantly from any wound, separate parts of it from themselves and control them independently, and can even completely restore themselves from vapor. Buu can also heal damaged beings, and can absorb other organisms by enveloping them with his body or eating them, the latter done by using his signature attack that turns people into food such as candy. When first introduced he is overweight and wears gloves, boots, a vest, and a cape.
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Rostral subquadrangular, not twice as broad as deep, with median cleft above; nostril pierced between the rostral, the first labial, and three or four nasals; 8 to 10 upper and 7 or 8 lower labials; mental large, triangular or pentagonal, at least twice as long as the adjacent labials; four chin-shields, median pair largest and in contact behind the mental. Upper surface of body covered with small flat granular scales, and large trihedral tubercles arranged in 16 to 20 more or less irregular longitudinal series; these tubercles vary somewhat in size according to specimens, but the largest never exceed two fifths the diameter of the eye. Abdominal scales large, smooth, rounded, imbricate. Males with a series of preanal pores, interrupted mesially; 6 to 8 pores on each side Tail rounded, feebly depressed, tapering, covered above with irregular, small, smooth imbricated scales and rings of large, pointed, keeled tubercles, beneath with a median series of transversely dilated plates.
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Snout covered with convex granules, which may be keeled; hinder part of head with minute granules intermixed with roundish tubercles, Rostral subquadrangular, not twice as broad as deep, with median cleft above; nostril pierced between the rostral, the first labial, and three or four nasals; 8 to 10 upper and 7 or 8 lower labials; mental large, triangular or pentagonal, at least twice as long as the adjacent labials; four chin-shields, median pair largest and in contact behind the mental. Upper surface of body covered with small flat granular scales, and large trihedral tubercles arranged in 16 to 20 more or less irregular longitudinal series; these tubercles vary somewhat in size according to specimens, but the largest never exceed two fifths the diameter of the eye. Abdominal scales large, smooth, rounded, imbricate. Moles with a series of preanal pores, interrupted medially; 6 to 8 pores on each side Tail rounded, feebly depressed, tapering, covered above with irregular, small, smooth imbricated scales and rings of large, pointed, keeled tubercles, beneath with a median series of transversely dilated plates.
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A 2005-2008 USBC Ball Motion Study found that the ball design factors that most contributed to ball motion were the microscopic "spikes" and pores on the ball's surface (considered part of chemical frictional characteristics), the respective coefficients of friction between ball and lane in the oiled and dry parts of the lane, and the ball's oil absorption rate, followed in dominance by certain characteristics of the ball's core (mainly radius of gyration, and total differential). Freeman and Hatfield (2018) explain that in most circumstances it is chemical friction—controlled by the manufacturer's proprietary coverstock formulation governing its "stickiness"—that primarily determines ball motion. Further, surface finish—modifiable by sandpaper, polish and the like—is also a material factor. Though manufacturer literature often specifies track flare—exhibited by successive tracks of oil in a "bowtie" pattern and caused by RG differential—the USBC ball motion study showed flare's influence to be small, assuming that a minimal threshold of flare exists to present a "dry" surface for successive ball revolutions.
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