Counterfactual Files: What if the Cuban Missile Crisis had escalated?
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The belated success of "Stoner," then, prompts a cultural counterfactual.
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That's the real Trump effect — the distance from that counterfactual.
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It's a counterfactual analysis that relies on some large assumptions.
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In other words, counterfactual thinking influences how satisfied each athlete feels.
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It's helpful to engage in a bit of counterfactual history here.
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The training program used something called Monte Carlo counterfactual regret minimization.
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There isn't just one counterfactual to consider here; there are two.
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I MEAN, IT'S COUNTERFACTUAL THAT ANY OF THIS THING IS UNSYSTEMIC.
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Nonetheless, some events can come close to offering an informative counterfactual.
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They would have these deeply misogynistic, basically counterfactual memes about Hillary Clinton.
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The authors present their system of income-based preferences as a counterfactual.
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Certainly an increased focus on stability and soundness beats the counterfactual alternative.
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As with all things Brexit, all this is supposition and counterfactual claim.
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We can never know with certainty the answer to a counterfactual question.
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The organization can't always get enough detailed information to calculate the counterfactual.
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And the patterns of how counterfactual thinking occurs aren't necessarily grounded by logic.
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There's a term for this second-guessing behavior in social psychology: counterfactual thinking.
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EN: Google's strategy is the counterfactual that makes me especially nervous about Tesla.
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Swift also uses a different type of hypothetical—a counterfactual—to confront sexism.
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But it&aposs hard to tell because we never observed this counterfactual case.
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Donald Trump tells a disturbing and often counterfactual series of stories that are captivating.
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The missing counterfactual is even more problematic in assessing the economic effects of Brexit.
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But if you force yourself to imagine that world deeply, the counterfactual breaks down.
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" The debate has always turned on a counterfactual: "If not this deal, then what?
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As economist Robert Stavins says of "decoupling" claims, you have to consider the counterfactual.
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The art of the counterfactual is a tricky one, and it takes all sorts.
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Relative to the "no-Brexit" counterfactual, foreign investment into Ulster by manufacturing firms rose slightly.
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What's another example of counterfactual thinking for those of us who are not Olympic athletes?
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And the Trumpian content can at times be contradictory or even counterfactual, as in false.
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Many of these questions fit the "minimal rewrite" test that scholars like for counterfactual analysis.
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"Once Upon a Time … in Hollywood" has a blatantly counterfactual finale — the right people die!
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That points to another counterfactual: What would you do if you couldn't just buy offsets?
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Forget you ever heard a delusional uncle share his latest counterfactual conspiracy theory on Hillary Clinton.
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How do you know cotton was extremely important to industrialisation if you don't consider the counterfactual?
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But attempts to estimate euro-zone performance relative to a counterfactual world sans euro suggest not.
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The counterfactual history of "Hystopia" transports us to a fictional America in the mid-20th-century.
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But we are also tempted into a strange historical vanity, with a touch of counterfactual compassion.
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For instance, consider a counterfactual situation in which Ted Cruz, Mr. Trump's chief rival, became the nominee.
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"Trump's 'go back' comments were nativist, xenophobic, counterfactual and politically stupid," Fox News anchor Brit Hume opined.
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Gary Kornblith went deeper into the counterfactual weeds in a 2003 article in the Journal of American History.
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Portraying the actions of Snowden and the U.S. government in this way is both outrageously counterfactual and utterly shameful.
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In a memorable interpretation, he describes their 1980 album Grotesque (After the Gramme) as an act of counterfactual history.
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His list of counterexamples in the paragraph above is just one example of not considering the counterfactual after another.
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"I think believing in an impossible being like Santa Claus could possibly exercise a child's counterfactual reasoning," says Woolley.
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Counterfactual history often revolves around political assassinations happening or not happening, or military battles going one way or another way.
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The whole genre of Disney princess counterfactual content can be metaphysically complicated so maybe the hedge was warranted after all.
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As with any counterfactual, it is impossible to know with certainty what would have happened to prices in their absence.
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The title abbreviation stands for Real Redheaded Revolutionary Evolutionary Defiance, and the premise is intriguing even if it is counterfactual.
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Although he is curatorially respectful of vanished cultures, his films are often counterfactual—wistful imaginings of what might have been.
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There's one more ingredient going into that impact sentence, called a counterfactual: What would have happened without the charity's help?
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Strip away the counterfactual wrapping and "Machines Like Me" is ultimately about the age-old question of what makes people human.
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But deleting the Page without instances of it directly inciting violence would make Jones a martyr and strengthen his counterfactual movement.
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Or put another way, is there a 2016 counterfactual in which John Kasich doesn't end up as an extraordinarily persistent loser?
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The main difficulty for academics studying the link between guns and gun crime, however, is the lack of a true counterfactual.
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Although this question is, of course, totally counterfactual, the answer is obvious: the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights.
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His counterfactual insistence that the situation was under control did nothing to slow the viral spread through February and early March.
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The protagonist of this surreal meld of counterfactual history and Jewish lore is a young woman modelled on the Biblical Esther.
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Here it's worth asking an obvious counterfactual: What if the Supreme Court had ruled differently in the 1976 court case Buckley v.
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" And when Yates didn't answer that counterfactual, he tossed out yet another question: "Aren't most acts of congress presumed to be constitutional?
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In a brief series of counterfactual paragraphs, Reid teases out, from the evidence of his panorama, alternatives that never came to pass.
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McEwan's key counterfactual is that Turing chose prison over castration, refusing to treat his body as a dispensable appendage of his intellect.
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"Aristotle's Way" is blazed by a counterfactual that Hall and Aristotle routinely employ: Is a life of vice a truly happy one?
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I believe it is in fact impossible for anyone to answer question (4) affirmatively, because that would require proof of a counterfactual hypothetical.
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Any assessment of Mr Modi's economic record in his first stint as prime minister requires a counterfactual scenario against which to measure it.
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Counterfactual thinking also allows us create little simulations of our future in our heads, and make decisions to avoid feeling more painful regret.
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Research suggests that around age 7, humans develop an ability for what's called counterfactual thinking, the capacity to imagine what might have been.
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His unifying perspective in "True Stories" is the virtue of imagination, and the search for alternate worlds or possibilities raised by counterfactual questions.
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I am not sure what the no-government counterfactual would look like for such countries, but these governments are creating inequality, not reducing it.
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Counterfactual history is always tricky, as saying what might have happened if history had taken a different course is at best an educated guess.
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All in good fun, the critic wants to say—and would, were we not just now all living under the sign of the counterfactual.
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The top rung of the ladder involves something called "counterfactual" questions: What would the world be like if a different path had been taken?
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But my experience is just an anecdote, and there's no counterfactual to help figure out whether I'd have become more active without the devices.
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However, if predictions about the F-35 are a bit uncertain, making a counterfactual prediction about three imaginary planes for the services downright delusional.
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It hardly seems fair for the Post or CNN to call single-payer supporters dishonest because they didn't adhere to the report's self-created counterfactual.
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"Given the elevated level of inflation excluding food and fuel, our counterfactual exercises do not suggest any room for accommodation," Acharya wrote in the minutes.
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But the notion that 2020 will bear any resemblance to 1972 is built on a foundation of counterfactual history and willful misreading of contemporary politics.
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But more than a few could have been a single sentence, and a handful of counterfactual fantasies — Margaret running off with Picasso; Mr. and Mrs.
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It's one of the counterfactual historical developments that few have seriously considered — a Hapsburg imperial restoration in 1945 — but to Zita it seemed perfectly plausible.
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Additionality Essentially, additionality is a counterfactual: Does buying this specific offset lead to a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions that would not have happened otherwise?
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But when a falsehood resonated with people's politics, asking them to imagine counterfactual situations in which it could have been true softened their moral judgments.
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And, obviously, it's impossible to prove a counterfactual, especially one about a show that has now had so many incarnations in TV, film, and other media.
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That inner world, a ceaselessly seething caldron of past and future, actual and counterfactual, is the theater for our most intense pleasures and our keenest pains.
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Counterfactual "what if" thinking may be an enjoyable pastime for historians—"What if Hitler had been assassinated?" being one favourite—but is not common among underwriters.
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It is now cliched to pose the counterfactual of what would have happened if another president had behaved like Trump, so debased have our standards become.
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But how can federal education guidelines or campaigns be taken seriously when the government is itself deeply invested in counterfactual narratives regarding things like climate change?
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Certainly the institution is better off, and freer to do its work, without Mr. Bannon insinuating his eccentric, dangerous and often counterfactual ideas into its operations.
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I knew from certain of Tarantino's previous films — specifically, "Inglorious Basterds" (2009) and "Django Unchained" (2012) — that he has a fondness for creating alternate, counterfactual histories.
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But it would also paper over his counterfactual argument — that sex with a child can be something other than rape — and the reason for the backlash.
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Counterfactual thinking is the human ability to imagine a world that doesn't exist in reality, but not in a Lord of the Rings kind of way.
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I knew from certain of Tarantino's previous films — specifically, "Inglorious Basterds" (2009) and "Django Unchained" (2012) — that he has a fondness for creating alternate, counterfactual histories.
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This is a "partial equilibrium" estimate: The estimates of Fox News's effect are relative to a counterfactual where it disappears and only CNN and MSNBC remain.
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It is idle to compare school choice to a counterfactual version of government-monopoly education in which segregation has not steadily increased for more than thirty years.
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To say the photograph was polarizing would be counterfactual: Most people expressed absolute disgust at the sight of this, perceiving it to be a gastronomic freak show.
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Finally, instead of using the counterfactual guesstimate of how many people "would have died" we can use the average monthly mortality rates in the previous ten years.
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People really care about Mass Effect, are desperate to fall in love with a new entry all over again, and in the absence of counterfactual information, despair.
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It's always difficult to argue a counterfactual, but it's useful to consider what things might look like today if we hadn't gotten the nuclear deal with Iran.
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"The counterfactual would have been that a trillion dollars or 2 trillion would have been lent out had these rules been changed five years ago," he said.
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Suppose that the earlier study had found that the scholarship increased graduation rates by 8% compared to the counterfactual, and that that scholarship covered 100% of tuition.
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Researchers even label regretful "if only" stories as counterfactual thinking, since it's impossible to know how things would have turned out had you made a different choice.
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No incremental advance, even insuring tens of millions of people, looks good in comparison to the counterfactual case of leftist revolution, though it never seems to arrive.
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How else can you explain a presumptive GOP presidential nomination for Trump, who has no experience in elected office and spews out counterfactual and contradictory statements with regularity?
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Or you can imagine a counterfactual: If the poll were weighted to 225 percent for Obama and 25 percent for Romney (per the NYT/CBS numbers), then Mrs.
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If you're working on VR content or applications, consider this advice: Give us the ability to be present in a vision of the past, or a counterfactual world.
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The search for an explanation lends itself to what social scientists sometimes call "counterfactual thinking" — what would have been different if a single factor had gone another way?
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This stifling orthodoxy led to a blind, counterfactual faith in the theory that Mr. Trump had somehow colluded with "the Russians" (never well defined) to win the election.
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Accurate actual death rates are hard enough to cobble together, given the unreliability of death records from the period, but estimating counterfactual deaths without the flu is harder still.
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"The reason [the calculation] gets really complicated is ... the counterfactual," Mehrotra said — it's difficult to ascertain what patients really would have done if telehealth services weren't available to them.
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While we cannot run a counterfactual election without Drew Miller, we can calculate the scenarios that would need to happen in order for Rick Saccone to win Pennsylvania's 18th.
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It's about a big document drop of hacked documents, classified material into the public sphere that's embarrassing and counterfactual to what's been said in policy for many, many administrations.
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One of the complicating factors of regret— one relevant to Bitcoin in particular—is that it's driven by what we call counterfactual thinking: imagining a reality that didn't really exist.
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Officials in Washington who for years argued for greater intervention could never prove the counterfactual: that further American action would make things on the ground in Syria better, not worse.
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The Franken case is one that poses a good counterfactual: wouldn't it have been better to have slowed down and investigated these claims more thoroughly before pushing for Franken's resignation?
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"The notion that's been out in the press and the media of a hollowed-out State Department that is not effective is counterfactual," Sullivan told reporters at the State Department.
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Say you were denied a loan while on an annual income of $40,000, a counterfactual explanation might tell you the loan would have been granted to someone who makes $45,000.
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The argument is not only counterfactual—no matter how mightily propagandists such as Shapiro strain to turn America's founding generation into pious evangelicals, they were Enlightenment rationalists—it's also unoriginal.
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But the room was nonetheless a triumph, a reopened tomb, a definitive counterfactual – in which all the absurd and horrifying improbability of Bolshevik culture came back to outflank the mind.
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In October the UK Trade Policy Observatory at Sussex University modelled a counterfactual Britain that had voted Remain, and found that the Leave vote had reduced inward FDI by a fifth.
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Few historians are willing to go too far down the counterfactual rabbit hole, but suffice it to say there was plenty of economic incentive to retain a large enslaved labor force.
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The world without the atomic bombings A second counterfactual is what would have happened if World War II had ended without the atomic bombs being used on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan?
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Colleges and universities still aren't able to answer what we call the "Dystopian Counterfactual": What if 100 percent of the supposed benefits of higher education are a result of self-selection bias?
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But Kushner, Trump, and their allies have leaked to reporters a counterfactual history of how much more extreme Trump's decisions would have been if they weren't there to put on the brakes.
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Today, Badlands National Park took to Twitter, seemingly to decry Trump's irresponsible and counterfactual stance on climate change, by quoting from the "Climate Change Facts" section of the National Wildlife Federation's website.
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So Monte Carlo counterfactual regret minimization is just a way of systematically investigating what might have happened if the computer had acted differently, and adjusting its model of how to play accordingly.
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Ever since moving on from his early autobiographical works, The Mysteries of Pittsburgh and Wonderboys, Chabon has consistently drawn inspiration from the counterfactual, from a kind of Twilight Zone tweaking of reality.
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The first season was about family, the second season was about community, and the third season is about resistance—resisting counterfactual arguments and trying to understand what pot means in that context.
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It assumes the counterfactual: that the law was intended to protect women and that it actually protects them, or that women have any reason to prefer a doctor who has admitting privileges.
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The point is not to impute counterfactual gayness on notably heterosexual historical figures but to suggest that identity is created by context — and can just as easily be dissolved by it, too.
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We can't run the counterfactual of this process occurring under a president who had built good relationships with McCain and Murkowski rather than alienating them both, but Trump's actions here clearly weren't helpful.
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This is even truer for novels traversing well-worn fictional territory — like counterfactual World War II fantasies or tales featuring gender-bending female warriors, mythic creatures like golems and the medieval Khazar kingdom.
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We can't run the counterfactual, but the Syrian war is a graphic reminder that the United States doing too little overseas can be just as problematic as the United States doing too much.
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A counterfactual: If the St. Kildans had had more help with communication services, presence of health care personnel on the island and other support with infrastructure, would the island still be inhabited today?
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The message of the document -- less a defense of Trump on the merits but rather an endorsement of his counterfactual denials -- was simple: Nothing Trump did when it came to Ukraine was wrong.
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"The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language", by Geoffrey Pullum and Rodney Huddleston, calls counterfactual "were" the "irrealis", rather than the subjunctive, and says that it is an unstable remnant of an earlier system.
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Her field of expertise is making algorithms explain themselves, and her work on "counterfactual explanations" was picked up by Google and worked into its "What If" tool, an analysis tool for machine learning models.
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But this is a difficult debate to have because it requires defining what success would look like for Trump, which means settling on some counterfactual sense of where Trump's poll numbers could and should be.
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"If this application fails, it will be clear that this is an expensive, wasteful, regulatory dead end," said Clive Bates, a tobacco expert who runs the consulting firm Counterfactual and advocates for alternative nicotine products.
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Regardless of whether one agrees with these provocative conclusions, we can all hope that in any counterfactual world in which that is the case, programmers with the humanity of Professor Pearl will be in charge.
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In counterfactual scenarios of Martin Luther King Jr. not being assassinated and fewer violent protests occurring before the 43 election, the Democratic presidential nominee, Hubert Humphrey, would likely have beaten the Republican nominee, Richard Nixon.
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Fogel's work—which was a pioneering example of "cliometrics", or the use of statistical analysis in investigating history—aimed to quantify the "social savings" railroads generated relative to a counterfactual world in which they didn't exist.
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Counterfactual thinking about the presidents we didn't elect in 2016 also makes me think, along with the classic social science on the topic, of an advice column, Dear Sugar, written by Cheryl Strayed about life decisions.
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The state is "refuting the counterintuitive and counterfactual arguments from the Trump administration that weaker emissions standards are good for public health and safety," said Michael Gerrard, an expert in environmental law at Columbia Law School.
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In the most extreme counterfactual, one in which the Fed never raised its policy interest rate at all, growth might have been 22.8 percentage point higher in 22017, said Ernie Tedeschi, policy economist at Evercore ISI.
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When this counterfactual scenario is compared with what actually occurred in America between 1960 and 2011, the duo found that, as Jevons might have predicted, efficiency gains added to total energy use, offsetting 102% of the savings.
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So, "there's this spontaneous in-the-moment reference point, or counterfactual, which is that for silver, you think, 'Oh, I could have won the gold,' and for bronze, it's 'At least I got a medal,' " he said.
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In a counterfactual digression, Herzog imagines that a mass exodus from Earth has taken place, and then he spots "some stragglers," a group of orange-robed Buddhist monks ambling about, many of them looking at their phones.
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As a bonus, "Night School" also touches on that counterfactual dilemma posed in science fiction: What would you do if you got the chance to travel back in time and kill Hitler before he did anything wrong?
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So it seems plausible that in this counterfactual history I'm positing, a world in which the intelligibility of Chinese texts erodes under the currents of phonological change, Chinese culture might not be so rooted in the past.
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It's not the counterfactual plot to kill a historical character that is hard to swallow; Frederick Forsyth demonstrated a long time ago, in his thriller "The Day of the Jackal," just how well that could be done.
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This is a subjective judgment, and no one knows what the counterfactual universe would be if things had gone differently in the Constitutional Convention, but it's important to note that such a view is a decidedly white perspective.
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Let's pose a counterfactual: Josh Hader is black, and an excavation of his Twitter account reveals that he called whites "crackers," wrote of his hatred for them and endorsed an organization that engaged in genocidal violence against whites.
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The counter-counterfactual is this: Are Republican leaders so unwilling to condemn Trump because their voters support him so vigorously, or do these voters support Trump so vigorously because so few Republican leaders have dared condemn his actions?
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And so the novel is several things at once: a work of autofiction detailing key events in Laing's life, a counterfactual fiction in which Kathy Acker is alive and getting married and a rigorous piece of fictional appropriation.
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Mr. Grenell's appointment also makes brazenly obvious what was already quite clear: that the president sees impartial intelligence an impediment to the implementation of his policies unless it caters to his own political biases and often counterfactual contentions.
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We asked counterfactual 303th century historian Professor Gavriel Rosenfeld, about whether he thinks Nigel Farage, Donald Trump and Marine le Pen really are ushering in some kind of fourth Reich, or if we are all just overreacting a bit.
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I have often had this interesting counterfactual in my mind: Would there have been more bipartisan revulsion at Bill Clinton's misconduct if growth in the United States was, say, at 1 percent at that time rather than 3 percent?
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But much of the concern over the proposed Affordable Clean Energy plan fails because it is based in counterfactual speculation about the benefits of a rule that was stayed by the Supreme Court and is not being enforced today.
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Models can be tested and fine-tuned by seeing how well they reproduce the recent past, but there isn't always good historical data to test against and, of course, there's none for the counterfactual, low greenhouse-gas version of the planet.
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In its pages, Hughes, too, could be found imagining a counterfactual history: Dreaming that the negroes Of the South have taken over — Voted all the Dixiecrats right out of power — Comes the colored hour : Martin Luther King is Governor of Georgia . . .
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Under the previous version of the education act, passed in 2001, the Education Department enforced a complicated set of policies that essentially required districts and auditors to posit a counterfactual: How much money would poor students have received without Title I?
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The service provider may require us to sign a long contract where the full cost may take years to emerge, and even then we will be unsure of the counterfactual—would we have got a better deal had we bought something else?
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All of it gives the Trump White House something Nixon never had: a loyal media armada ready to attack inconvenient truths and the credibility of potentially damning witnesses and news reports while trumpeting the presidential counternarrative, at times with counterfactual versions of events.
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Gavriel D. Rosenfeld, a history professor at Fairfield University and the editor of a blog called The Counterfactual History Review, said that some alternate histories were bound to be more controversial than others; some eras have more clearly defined heroes and villains.
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It is both a surprise and a relief to encounter fiction that explores counterfactual worlds like these with something of the ardor and earnestness of much young-adult fiction, asking anew philosophical questions that have been posed repeatedly through millennia to no avail.
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Other things equal, a counterfactual analysis shows that Michigan, Wisconsin, and Pennsylvania would have swung in favor of the Hillary Clinton if robot adoption had been two percent lower over the investigated period, leaving the Democrats with a majority in the Electoral College.
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However, establishing that a program is additional requires evaluating a counterfactual — that a particular nature preserve or restoration effort would not have happened were it not for this purchase — and many initiatives have struggled to demonstrate that this is true for their interventions.
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Sure, most of us would assume that an athlete would be more pleased with silver than bronze, but the reason why this doesn't happen can be explained by the phenomenon called counterfactual thinking, said Peter McGraw, a behavioral scientist at the University of Colorado-Boulder.
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So, the reality is, is that honestly, this is my honest counterfactual, that the only reason why I haven't been effectively silenced is because I have a totally unconventional job that I have created for my ... A platform that I have created for myself.
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While it's an interesting counterfactual to imagine the way the GOP would be reacting if all of these revelations were attached to President Bernie Sanders's 2016 campaign, it is fantasy to imagine they will do anything save protect Trump to the best of their ability.
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To judge whether global warming made a particular extreme weather event more likely to occur, scientists typically compare data from the real world, where rising greenhouse gases have heated the planet over the past century, against a modeled counterfactual world without those rising emissions.
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Roth's book, by contrast, is a work of deep realism, much of it the thinly veiled autobiographical story of a family in midcentury Newark, N.J. The brash counterfactual around which it's built plays mostly as a bass note in an otherwise familiar Roth song.
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Here's my favorite clip, a bit of counterfactual history, a la "The Man in the High Castle": And a bonus bit — Will Ferrell as George W. Bush, and a reminder that what used to seem outrageous now feels awfully benign: This article originally appeared on Recode.net.
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Much like positive body image and self-confidence do not directly emerge from the use of Dove products, there is a relevant connection, albeit counterfactual in nature, between the beauty industry and women's feelings toward beauty and particularly the acknowledgement and embrace of their own beauty.
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It also falls short because it depends on counterfactual claims that victory would have been achieved if only the United States had extended its support for Diem (instead of greenlighting his overthrow), or tried a different military strategy, or done a better job winning hearts and minds.
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Mark Kirk won't back his party's presidential nominee, Donald Trump, but he says Hillary Clinton is a bigger threat to the U.S. UNDER OATH: The Washington Post reports: The Post takes a look at a 2900 deposition where lawyers confronted Donald Trump with a slew of counterfactual claims.
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In that scenario, or in a counterfactual in which Kasich was actually piling up as many delegates as Cruz, you could imagine a convention splitting three ways on ballot after ballot, with Trump's support gradually shrinking but holding up well enough to deny the other two a majority.
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Philip Roth's 2004 novel "The Plot Against America" imagines a counterfactual history in which Charles Lindbergh, campaigning on a promise of "America First," defeats Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1940 presidential election and, colluding with Hitler, embarks on a program of government-sponsored anti-Semitism and Jewish resettlement.
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Although Tray's return to civilian life has echoes of Morgan's return to show business after the highway crash, the character can be better understood as a counterfactual exercise: Tray is who Morgan might have been, given a bad—or, given the details of Morgan's fairly tumultuous life, a worse—break.
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Using data from the traffic analytics company Inrix, plus modeling that the agency says helped it establish a "counterfactual"—what might have happened in the city had the ride-hail companies not come to town—it concludes that these companies and their ride-hailing brethren contributed mightily to San Francisco's growing traffic problem.
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Maybe this is the wrong question though and perhaps we need to look at the dreaded counterfactual argument, for example, as JPMorgan points out: "An alternative to reaching an agreement in September and ratifying it in November (last year) would likely have been a return to oil prices in a $35-40 range".
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Over time, it became easier for Democrats to acknowledge their errors and disavow their support for the Iraq invasion, because the war was a historical calamity for all the world to see, whereas the failure to nominate Sanders leaves us only with the counterfactual proposition that Sanders would have beat Trump, which is impossible to validate.
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If we lived in a counterfactual world where US levels of racism were the same as they are here, but where people believed that US institutions were basically fair, it would be much harder for an anti-system politician like Trump to succeed, since he would have fewer angry people to whip up into a frenzy.
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I think the jury is out as to whether Trump will bring forward America's next great depression or not – I guess we'll never know the counterfactual but we were getting closer to being trapped between rocks and hard places anyway with nowhere to hide from the inevitable volcanic eruption, especially in China and in Europe whose depressions may well precede and be the catalysts for America's next Great Depression.
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The 2015 Amazon series "The Man in the High Castle," based on a 1960s book, focuses on an America that has been divided into Greater Nazi Reich and the Japanese Pacific States after the Allies lose World War II. In the 2004 novel "The Plot Against America," which The New Yorker called "counterfactual," Philip Roth wrote of an America in which Charles Lindbergh, the Nazi sympathizer, is elected president in 1940.
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Its flaws were manifold (I may have written about some of them here and there), and one can spin a happier counterfactual — for the Democratic Party's political fortunes, especially — involving a more modest health care bill, a sharper focus on the middle class and jobs, and some sort of clear outreach to the center right instead of the pushes on cap and trade and gun control and immigration.
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Fox News senior political analyst Brit Hume slammed President TrumpDonald John TrumpFacebook releases audit on conservative bias claims Harry Reid: 'Decriminalizing border crossings is not something that should be at the top of the list' Recessions happen when presidents overlook key problems MORE on Monday for suggesting a group of Democratic congresswomen should "go back" to their home countries, calling the president's tweets "nativist, xenophobic, counterfactual and politically stupid," but not racist.
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The violence of the encounter between Jules (who has bruises on her thighs) and Cal (who pushes her down, gags her, and asks her to spit in his hand) is, but for the galling illegality of their age difference, a staple of 21st-century Peak TV. Whether within the confines of counterfactual dystopian fiction like The Handmaid's Tale or stylish takes on the broadcast procedural like True Detective, The Fall, and The Killing — which themselves riff on shows like Law & Order: SVU — television is riddled with nauseating images of victims of sexual violence.
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