90 Sentences With "underflow" | Random Sentence Generator

The cloud would run to 115 feet, while the underflow would run up to 87 feet.

Eliminating VBR would increase network congestion, bringing data-buffers into play to deal with information overflow and underflow.

During the experiments, which the researchers recorded with a high-speed camera, the mixture separates into a denser underflow below and a 6-to-15-foot ash cloud above.

The Lynas Advanced Materials Plant, owned and operated by Lynas Malaysia, produces two types of solid residue, Water Leach Purification Residue (WLP) and Neutralisation Underflow Residue (NUR.) WLP is currently stored in temporary storage facilities on site.

To eliminate ambiguity, the terms wrapping overflow and saturating overflow can be used. The term underflow is most commonly used for floating-point math and not for integer math.Arithmetic underflow But, many references can be found to integer underflow. When the term integer underflow is used, it means the ideal result was closer to minus infinity than the output type's representable value closest to minus infinity.

When an underflow occurred, the true result was replaced by zero (either directly by the hardware, or by system software handling the primary underflow condition). This replacement is called "flush to zero". The 1984 edition of IEEE 754 introduced subnormal numbers. The subnormal numbers (including zero) fill the underflow gap with values where the absolute distance between adjacent values is the same as for adjacent values just outside the underflow gap.

The term arithmetic underflow (also floating point underflow, or just underflow) is a condition in a computer program where the result of a calculation is a number of smaller absolute value than the computer can actually represent in memory on its central processing unit (CPU). Arithmetic underflow can occur when the true result of a floating point operation is smaller in magnitude (that is, closer to zero) than the smallest value representable as a normal floating point number in the target datatype. Underflow can in part be regarded as negative overflow of the exponent of the floating point value. For example, if the exponent part can represent values from −128 to 127, then a result with a value less than −128 may cause underflow.

While the machine epsilon is not to be confused with the underflow level (assuming subnormal numbers), it is closely related. The machine epsilon is dependent on the number of bits which make up the significand, whereas the underflow level depends on the number of digits which make up the exponent field. In most floating point systems, the underflow level is smaller than the machine epsilon.

Subnormal values fill the underflow gap with values where the absolute distance between them is the same as for adjacent values just outside the underflow gap. This is an improvement over the older practice to just have zero in the underflow gap, and where underflowing results were replaced by zero (flush to zero). Modern floating- point hardware usually handles subnormal values (as well as normal values), and does not require software emulation for subnormals.

Jurisdictions typically distinguish three recognized groundwater classifications: subterranean streams, underflow of surface waters, and percolating groundwater.

The default handling in IEEE 754 for underflow (as well as other exceptions) is to record as a floating point status that underflow has occurred. This is specified for the application- programming level, but often also interpreted as how to handle it at the hardware level.

The occurrence of an underflow may set a ("sticky") status bit, raise an exception, at the hardware level generate an interrupt, or may cause some combination of these effects. As specified in IEEE 754, the underflow condition is only signaled if there is also a loss of precision. Typically this is determined as the final result being inexact. However, if the user is trapping on underflow, this may happen regardless of consideration for loss of precision.

Denormal numbers provide the guarantee that addition and subtraction of floating-point numbers never underflows; two nearby floating-point numbers always have a representable non-zero difference. Without gradual underflow, the subtraction a − b can underflow and produce zero even though the values are not equal. This can, in turn, lead to division by zero errors that cannot occur when gradual underflow is used. Denormal numbers were implemented in the Intel 8087 while the IEEE 754 standard was being written.

The interval between −fminN and fminN, where fminN is the smallest positive normal floating point value, is called the underflow gap. This is because the size of this interval is many orders of magnitude larger than the distance between adjacent normal floating point values just outside the gap. For instance, if the floating point datatype can represent 20 bits, the underflow gap is 221 times larger than the absolute distance between adjacent floating point values just outside the gap. In older designs, the underflow gap had just one usable value, zero.

Both the overflow stream and the underflow stream from a lamella clarifier will often require post-treatment. The underflow stream is often put through a dewatering process such as a thickener or a belt press filter to increase the density of slurry. This is an important post-treatment as the underflow slurry is often not able to be recycled back into the process. In such a case it often needs to be transported to a disposal plant, and the cost of this transport depends on the volume and weight of the slurry.

The DMS effluent is dewatered using a set of cyclones, with the underflow reporting to the fines storage tank feeding the gravity circuit.

That underflow and subterrene Wherein the future heaves, and time to come Like an embowelled earthquake yet unbelched Disturbs our world, is mine.

Water is added to the ground material to make a thick slurry of macerated kernels and whole germ. The 40-50% crude oil content of germ makes it less dense than other particles and as a result germ floats in the mixture. The mixture is then passed through germ hydrocyclones with an over- and underflow. Overflow will be composed majorly of germ and water and underflow will have fiber, starch, protein and water.

In 2013, the Ekebergparken Sculpture Park commissioned Oursler to create the permanent installation Klang. The installation took the form of three parts: Klang, a large-scale video cave, Spectral Power, an iconic talking lamppost, and Cognitive / Dissonance, two complementary tree projections. In 2014, Oursler simultaneously presented two large-scale installations in the Netherlands: X ergo Y at the Stedelijk Museum and I/O underflow at the Oude Kerk. I/O underflow was inspired in part by Alan Turing.

In the absence of overflow or underflow, there is no difference in results with or without strictfp. If repeatability is essential, the strictfp modifier can be used to ensure that overflow and underflow occurs in the same places on all platforms. Without the strictfp modifier, intermediate results may use a larger exponent range. The `strictfp` modifier accomplishes this by representing all intermediate values as IEEE single precision and double precision values, as occurred in earlier versions of the JVM.

Water is diverted to a small group of homeowners, and the state claims that wells owned by the El Sur Ranch are diverting underflow from the river. There are no dams or reservoirs.

If the stack is empty, an underflow condition will occur upon execution of either the "stack top" or "pop" operations. Also, implementations often have a function which just returns whether the stack is empty.

The types of errors handled by model include packet errors (both IP and MPEG transport stream) such as Packet loss, Packet delay variation, Jitter, overflow and underflow, bit errors, and over-the-air transmission errors.

This enables "gradual underflow", where a nearest subnormal value is used, just as a nearest normal value is used when possible. Even when using gradual underflow, the nearest value may be zero. The absolute distance between adjacent floating point values just outside the gap is called the machine epsilon, typically characterized by the largest value whose sum with the value 1 will result in the answer with value 1 in that floating point scheme. This can be written as fl(1+\epsilon) = 1, where fl() is a function which converts the real value into the floating point representation.

The theme song "Wo Ai Ni" (我爱你; "I Love You") was composed by Zhang Yadong, written by Xiao Wei (肖玮) of Catcher in the Rye and performed by Faye Wong. It was included in Zhang's 2009 album Underflow (潜流).

High-gradient magnetic separator is to separate magnetic and non-magnetic particles (concentrate and tails) from the feed slurry. This feed comes from intermediate thickener underflow pump through Linear Screen & Passive Matrix. Tailings go to tailing thickener & product goes to throw launder through vacuum tanks.

DEC had the study done in order to demonstrate that gradual underflow was a bad idea, but the study concluded the opposite, and DEC gave in. In 1985, the standard was ratified, but it had already become the de facto standard a year earlier, implemented by many manufacturers.

Starting values that fall in the asymptotic plateau region can lead to algorithm failure because of "dithering". Deterministic search algorithms may use a slope function to go to a minimum. If the slope is very small, then underflow errors can cause the algorithm to wander, seemingly aimlessly; this is dithering.

The light-year is often used in popular works, but is not an approved non-SI unit and is rarely used by professional astronomers. When simulating a numerical model of the Solar System, the astronomical unit provides an appropriate scale that minimizes (overflow, underflow and truncation) errors in floating point calculations.

The weighted mud flows to the inlet head section of the desander and/or desilter entering the hydrocyclones for separation of particles. Mud leaving the underflow is further screened with fine mesh to separate larger particles allowing only barite size particles to pass through the screen returning and recovering then the clean mud.

The underflow from the hydrocyclone consisting of fiber, protein and starch is finely ground and screened using multiple grind mills and pressure-fed screens. Screens are used to separate the fiber from the mixture. Various screen sizes are used to remove coarse and fine fibers. A wedge bar or profile bar screen is used.

Figure 1. A schematic diagram of a Horizontal Decanter Centrifuge In conveyor decanter centrifuges the conveyor or scroll fits inside a rotating bowl and carries the solids settled against the wall, pushing them across a beach towards the underflow where the solids discharge. The conveyor allows for an increase in separation efficiency and feed capacity.

On the occurrence of artesian and other underground waters in Texas, New Mexico, and Indian Territory, together with the geology and geography of those regions. Final Reports of the Artesian and Underflow Investigations of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, 166 pp. # Hill, R.T. 1892. Do we teach geology? The Popular Science Monthly 40:41-43. # Hill, R.T. 1893.

An unaugmented floating-point system would contain only normalized numbers (indicated in red). Allowing denormalized numbers (blue) extends the system's range. In computer science, denormal numbers or denormalized numbers (now often called subnormal numbers) fill the underflow gap around zero in floating-point arithmetic. Any non-zero number with magnitude smaller than the smallest normal number is subnormal.

Golden Sunlight is a conventional open-pit mine with a co- located ore treatment plant using carbon-in-pulp technology as well as sand tailings retreatment, where pyrite is gravity-separated from the cyclone underflow fraction, and reground and leached to recover gold that would otherwise be lost to tailings. In total mine operations employ approximately 150 people.

RISC-V computers without floating-point can use a floating-point software library. RISC-V does not cause exceptions on arithmetic errors, including overflow, underflow, subnormal, and divide by zero. Instead, both integer and floating-point arithmetic produce reasonable default values and set status bits. Divide-by-zero can be discovered by one branch after the division.

The smallest squares in a flownet are located at points where the flow is concentrated (in this diagram they are near the tip of the cutoff wall, used to reduce dam underflow), and high flow at the land surface is often what the civil engineer is trying to avoid, being concerned about piping or dam failure.

In a commercial plant, the deasher underflow containing unreacted carbonaceous matter would be gasified to provide hydrogen to drive the process. This program ended in 1985 and the plant was scrapped. The Nuclear Utility Services Corporation developed hydrogenation process which was patented by Wilburn C. Schroeder in 1976. The process involved dried, pulverized coal mixed with roughly 1wt% molybdenum catalysts.

Where necessary flocculants may be added to promote efficiency. Lamella clarifier performance can be improved by the addition of flocculants and coagulants. These chemicals optimize the settling process and cause a higher purity of overflow water by ensuring all smaller solids are settled into the sludge underflow. A further advantage of the lamella clarifier is its distinct absence of mechanical, moving parts.

Various BCD implementations exist that employ other representations for numbers. Programmable calculators manufactured by Texas Instruments, Hewlett-Packard, and others typically employ a floating-point BCD format, typically with two or three digits for the (decimal) exponent. The extra bits of the sign digit may be used to indicate special numeric values, such as infinity, underflow/overflow, and error (a blinking display).

A complete map was published in 2009Flood, R. D., Hiscott, R. N., and Aksu, A. E. (2009). "Morphology and evolution of an anastomosed channel network where saline underflow enters the Black Sea". Sedimentology 56(3), 807–839. using these previous results with high quality mapping obtained in 2006 (by researchers at Memorial University of Newfoundland who are project partners in this study).

The Teteriv () is a right tributary of the Dnieper River in Ukraine. It has a length of 365 km and a drainage basin of 15,300 km². In the underflow the valley of the Teteriv in Polissia on up to 4 km, the width of the river widens up to 40-90 meter, before it flows into the Dnieper. The Teteriv is replenished predominantly by snow and rain.

The subsistence of these lakes is highly threatened by urbanisation, which began in the 1960s. Hutovo Blato was made in the valley of the Neretva river and its subsistence depends of the energy and meliorative attempts in the underflow of Neretva river. Ichthyological research of natural lakes of Bosnia and Herzegovina began in 1924 and that research determined good natural and biological opportunities for the fish farming.

The TED includes three 16-bit interval timers, which consist of down counters operating at the master clock frequency. They can generate IRQs on underflow. The chip also contains an I/O port, which is used on the Plus/4 and 16 to scan the keyboard and joystick. In addition, it handles bank switching, used by the operating system to maximize the amount of RAM available to Commodore BASIC.

Storing values that are too low in an integer variable (e.g., attempting to store −1 in an unsigned integer) is properly referred to as integer , or more broadly, integer wraparound. The term underflow normally refers to floating point numbers only, which is a separate issue. It is not possible in most floating-point designs to store a too-low value, as usually they are signed and have a negative infinity value.

Solid-bowl centrifuge is used for dewatering the coal waste slurry along with plate-and-frame filter press in coal manufacturing to dewater the slurry before being disposed of. The slurry feed was attained from the underflow of a functioning bituminous coal-cleaning thickener device. As for the waste stream, it is usually disposed of into slurry cells or deserted underground mine site if available, or more commonly in slurry impoundments.

Kahan's proposal also provided for infinities, which are useful when dealing with division-by-zero conditions; not-a-number values, which are useful when dealing with invalid operations; denormal numbers, which help mitigate problems caused by underflow; and a better balanced exponent bias, which could help avoid overflow and underflow when taking the reciprocal of a number. By the time QuickBASIC 4.00 was released, the IEEE 754 standard had become widely adopted --for example, it was incorporated into Intel's 387 coprocessor and every x86 processor from the 486 on. QuickBASIC versions 4.0 and 4.5 use IEEE 754 floating-point variables by default, but (at least in version 4.5) there is a command-line option `/MBF` for the IDE and the compiler that switches from IEEE to MBF floating-point numbers, to support earlier-written programs that rely on details of the MBF data formats. Visual Basic also uses the IEEE 754 format instead of MBF.

Here, he received permission from Intel to put forward a draft proposal based on the standard arithmetic part of their design for a coprocessor; he was allowed to explain Intel's design decisions and their underlying reasoning, but not anything related to Intel's implementation architecture. As an 8-bit exponent was not wide enough for some operations desired for double-precision numbers, e.g. to store the product of two 32-bit numbers, both Kahan's proposal and a counter- proposal by DEC therefore used 11 bits, like the time-tested 60-bit floating- point format of the CDC 6600 from 1965. Kahan's proposal also provided for infinities, which are useful when dealing with division-by-zero conditions; not-a-number values, which are useful when dealing with invalid operations; denormal numbers, which help mitigate problems caused by underflow; and a better balanced exponent bias, which can help avoid overflow and underflow when taking the reciprocal of a number.

Before the T&T; Ranch was founded, officials of the Tonopah and Tidewater Railroad visited the area multiple times in 1914 and 1915. When the T&T; Ranch was founded, multiple cabins were brought in from Rhyolite, after which the land was cleared. The latter took several months. The T&T; Ranch's first irrigation well, that was deep, was drilled around 1917 and got its water from the underflow of the Amargosa River.

The function is designed not to fail where the straightforward calculation might overflow or underflow and can be slightly more accurate and sometimes significantly slower. Some scientific calculators provide a function to convert from rectangular coordinates to polar coordinates. This gives both the length of the hypotenuse and the angle the hypotenuse makes with the base line (c1 above) at the same time when given x and y. The angle returned is normally given by atan2(y,x).

In this tank, several chemicals are added to enable sulphide flotation in three Outotec Denver flotation cells, targeting removal of arsenopyrite. The sulphide concentrate (floats) is pumped to the thickener for disposal, and the underflow (roaster feed) is dewatered using a filter belt. In the soft granite the arsenic occurs mainly as scorodite, which cannot be floated. The roasting process involves drying using a Drytech pre-dryer that thoroughly dries the pre-concentrate before feeding into a reduction kiln.

Triple faults indicate a problem with the operating system kernel or device drivers. In modern operating systems, a triple fault is typically caused by a buffer overflow or underflow in a device driver which writes over the interrupt descriptor table (IDT). If the IDT is corrupted, when the next interrupt happens, the processor will be unable to call either the needed interrupt handler or the double fault handler because the descriptors in the IDT are corrupted.

Charles Sumner Slichter (April 16, 1864 – October 4, 1946) was an applied mathematician and Dean of the Graduate School at the University of Wisconsin- Madison. His most notable scholarly contribution focused on hydrogeology, where he developed a method of quantifying the velocity of ground-water underflow in river valleys. This method employed ammonium chloride that would be placed in an upstream, i.e., the upgradient, well and detected in three observation wells a short distance away, i.e.

Preconditioning of an underflow during ice-breakup in a subarctic lake, Aquatic Sciences, 74(2), 361-374. also researched the fate of glacial underground river water in Lake Þingvallavatn. In addition Hrund has also investigated the impact of water withdrawal practices on the residence time of anthropogenic compounds in a reservoir used both for water supply and hydropower generation.Andradóttir, H. Ó., Rueda, F. J., Armengol, J., and Marcé R. (2012), of residence time variability in a managed monomictic reservoir, Water Resour. Res.

This can be solved by a change to the algorithm which uses an additional parameter STEP such that e−STEP does not underflow: algorithm poisson random number (Junhao, based on Knuth): init: Let λLeft ← λ, k ← 0 and p ← 1. do: k ← k + 1. Generate uniform random number u in (0,1) and let p ← p × u. while p < 1 and λLeft > 0: if λLeft > STEP: p ← p × eSTEP λLeft ← λLeft − STEP else: p ← p × eλLeft λLeft ← 0 while p > 1.

The Temecula Basin is also a local ground water basin and aquifer in southwestern Riverside County. It is the largest groundwater basin in the San Diego water region.San Diego Region - The Basin Plan from waterboards.ca.gov accessed April 26, 2015 This aquifer is recharged by precipitation in the valley, underflow and by surface flow from the creeks draining the surrounding mountains and the southern Perris Block in the watershed of Murrieta Creek and Temecula Creek, tributaries of the Santa Margarita River.

Dr. Memory is an open-source memory debugger built on DynamoRIO and released under an LGPL license.Dr. Memory: Memory Debugger for Windows and Linux Dr. Memory monitors memory allocations and memory accesses using shadow memory. It detects memory-related programming errors such as accesses of uninitialized memory, accesses to freed memory, heap overflow and underflow, and memory leaks. Its feature set is similar to that of the Valgrind-based Memcheck tool, though it operates on Windows as well as Linux and is twice as fast as Memcheck.

A mud cleaner is a combination of desanders and/or desilters mounted over a shaker with a fine mesh screen. A mud is fed to the inlet of the hydrocyclone (desander and/or desilter) to separate particles and the underflow passes to the fine screen mesh where in particles larger than barite are discarded and thrown away. In most drilling operations, a mud cleaner is installed in its mud systems. It is usually located in a mud tank in the same location as with the desilters.

Generally, larger than 100 μm or denser particles, which have more inertia, are pushed towards the wall and sink to the bottom of the cyclone, exit via the underflow. This part of solid will be collected as product of fluidized bed. If process required, multiple cyclones can operated in parallel to increase efficiency or in series to increase recovery. Overflow contains gas and small amount of ash and dust, it usually be deposited into the air or feed into a Bag house for further treatment.

In telecommunication, a variable length buffer or elastic buffer is a buffer into which data may be entered at one rate and removed at another rate without changing the data sequence. Most first-in first-out (FIFO) storage devices are variable-length buffers in that the input rate may be variable while the output rate is constant or the output rate may be variable while the input rate is constant. Various clocking and control systems are used to allow control of underflow or overflow conditions.

The water from a river can enter the receiving body in a variety of different ways. The motion of a river is influenced by the relative density of the river compared to the receiving water, the rotation of the earth, and any ambient motion in the receiving water, such as tides or seiches. If the river water has a higher density than the surface of the receiving water, the river water will plunge below the surface. The river water will then either form an underflow or an interflow within the lake.

The Video Buffering Verifier (VBV) is a theoretical MPEG video buffer model, used to ensure that an encoded video stream can be correctly buffered, and played back at the decoder device. By definition, the VBV shall not overflow nor underflow when its input is a compliant stream, (except in the case of low_delay). It is therefore important when encoding such a stream that it comply with the VBV requirements. One way to think of the VBV is to consider both a maximum bitrate and a maximum buffer size.

Two programmable interval timers were available, each with sub-microsecond precision. Each timer consisted of a 16-bit read-only presettable down counter and a corresponding 16-bit write-only latch. Whenever a timer was started, the timer's latch was automatically copied into its counter, and the counter would then decrement with each clock cycle until underflow, at which an interrupt would be generated. The timer could run in either "one-shot" mode, halting after the first interrupt, or "continuous" mode, reloading the latch value again and starting the timer cycle anew.

The machines utilise the principles of a centrifuge to enhance the gravitational force experienced by feed particles to effect separation based on particle density. The key components of the unit are a cone shaped "concentrate" bowl, rotated at high speed by an electric motor and a pressurized water jacket encompassing the bowl. Feed material, typically from a ball mill discharge or cyclone underflow bleed, is fed as a slurry toward the centre of the bowl from above. The feed slurry contacts the base plate of the vessel and, due to its rotation, is thrust outward.

The Font-hack works by exploiting a buffer underflow in the Xbox font loader which is part of the dashboard. Unfortunately, since the Xbox requires the clock to be valid and the dashboard itself is where you set the clock there is problem if the RTC backup capacitor discharges. The Xbox will detect that the clock isn't set and therefore force the dashboard to be loaded which then promptly reboots due to the buffer overflow exploit. Upon restarting, the Xbox detects the clock is invalid and the process repeats.

Downstream the Brunndöbra's embouchure, the south-east-bound river is called Zwodau, or Zwotau, and shapes the national border between Germany and the Czech Republic for approximately . After that it continues its flow as Zwodau in a steep valley of the Bohemian Erzgebirge. Along the Zwodau lies the town of Kraslice, after that its course comes through Anenské Údoli, meandering towards Hory, flowing through Oloví, Hřebeny and Luh into the coal-mining area of the Sokolovská pánev. Along the underflow of the Zwodau, there are the villages of Davidov and Svatava.

However, these are uncommon formats, the most common formats including negative zero are the IEEE 754 floating-point formats, described below. Negative zero by IEEE 754 representation in binary32 In IEEE 754 binary floating-point numbers, zero values are represented by the biased exponent and significand both being zero. Negative zero has the sign bit set to one. One may obtain negative zero as the result of certain computations, for instance as the result of arithmetic underflow on a negative number, or `−1.0×0.0`, or simply as `−0.0`.

Even before it was approved, the draft standard had been implemented by a number of manufacturers. The Intel 8087, which was announced in 1980, was the first chip to implement the draft standard. Intel 8087 floating-point coprocessor In 1980, the Intel 8087 chip was already released, but DEC remained opposed, to denormal numbers in particular, because of performance concerns and since it would give DEC a competitive advantage to standardise on DEC's format. The arguments over gradual underflow lasted until 1981 when an expert hired by DEC to assess it sided against the dissenters.

Southwest of the village opens a referred to in underflow Grone Springebach who comes from the south towards the town of Grönenbach. Then happened the stream to about 837 m high mountain Clemens, the highest and dominant mountain at cup-shaped river valley, and located on the lower part of its western flank cottages. Shortly thereafter flows through the Hillebachstausee the lying below the Rimberg (764.5 m) Hillestausee at Niedersfeld, a northern district of Winterberg, a few hundred meters distance downstream - west of the village hall (Schützenhalle) - at about 519 m altitude there coming in from the south Rhein-Ruhr tributary to open.

The floats are sent to an Ersel ball mill operating in closed circuit with a double-deck sizing screen. The over-1.7 mm portion of the mill product returns to the mill for further grinding, the −1.7 +0.5 mm product makes up scavenger DMS feed, and the below-0.5 mm product is combined with DMS effluent cyclone underflow to make up additional feed to the fines storage tank. The scavenger DMS circuit is identical to the secondary DMS circuit but operates on a finer feed. Floats report to the mill for further grinding and sinks make up an additional stream of DMS concentrate.

Intuitively, peek returns the same value as pop, but does not change the data. Behavior when the collection is empty varies – most often this yields an underflow error, identically to a pop on an empty collection, but some implementations provide a function which instead simply returns (without error), essentially implementing `if isempty then return, else peek.` This behavior can be axiomatized in various ways. For example, a common VDM (Vienna Development Method) description of a stack defines top (peek) and remove as atomic, where top returns the top value (without modifying the stack), and remove modifies the stack (without returning a value).

The hyporheic zone is the region of sediment and porous space beneath and alongside a stream bed, where there is mixing of shallow groundwater and surface water. The flow dynamics and behavior in this zone (termed hyporheic flow or underflow) is recognized to be important for surface water/groundwater interactions, as well as fish spawning, among other processes. As an innovative urban water management practice, the hyporheic zone can be designed by engineers and actively managed for improvements in both water quality and riparian habitat. The assemblage of organisms which inhabits this zone are called hyporheos.

After its underflow has led the Kinnel Water through a fertile land that it flows around two kilometers northeast of Lochmaben in the River Annan, which eventually drained into the Irish Sea via the Solway Firth. With a total length of around 32 km, the river overcomes a height of 402 m. Numerous streams flow into the Kinnel Water on its course, but it has no significant inflows other than the Water of Ae that flows into Templand. The Kinnel Water runs through a sparsely populated region, so that it affects few towns, of which Templand is the most populous.

Cottonwood Springs was merely a seep in a gully > which had been an old bed of the river, and which had curved up towards > Cottonwood Canyon. The water-bed of the river being largely composed of > gravel, the water came down in the underflow, and seeped out at a place down > in the bank where there had grown a large cottonwood tree. This spring had > been dug out, and was the only spring as far as known along the Platte for > two hundred miles. It was at the mouth of Cottonwood Canyon that we were to > build our military post.

And, remarkably, this polynomial has never to be evaluated. However, the smaller the disks become, the more the coefficients of the corresponding 'scaled' polynomials will differ in relative magnitude. This may cause overflow or underflow of computer computations, thus limiting the radii of the disks from below and thereby the precision of the computed roots. . To avoid extreme scaling, or just for the sake of efficiency, one may start with testing a number of concentric disks for the number of included roots and thus reduce the region where roots occur to a number of narrow , concentric annuli.

The number representations described above are called normalized, meaning that the implicit leading binary digit is a 1. To reduce the loss of precision when an underflow occurs, IEEE 754 includes the ability to represent fractions smaller than are possible in the normalized representation, by making the implicit leading digit a 0. Such numbers are called denormal. They don't include as many significant digits as a normalized number, but they enable a gradual loss of precision when the result of an arithmetic operation is not exactly zero but is too close to zero to be represented by a normalized number.

When the term integer underflow is used, the definition of overflow may include all types of overflows or it may only include cases where the ideal result was closer to positive infinity than the output type's representable value closest to positive infinity. When the ideal result of an operation is not an exact integer, the meaning of overflow can be ambiguous in edge cases. Consider the case where the ideal result has value 127.25 and the output type's maximum representable value is 127. If overflow is defined as the ideal value being outside the representable range of the output type, then this case would be classified as an overflow.

The Brazeau Dam Power Plant The Brazeau River has long been seen as a potential site for hydroelectric power generation. The earliest scheme to harness the power of the river was hatched in 1913 and involved a dam and storage on Brazeau Lake. The potential power generation was estimated at 5,000 to 10,000 kilovolt-amperes, and power would have been transmitted to Edmonton and Calgary, both roughly from the generator (this was a relatively ambitious plan: long-distance transmission was not common at the time). The plan was scuttled after the discovery of a large underflow at Brazeau Lake, precluding its use as a storage facility.

Wolframite and cassiterite are heavy minerals, making them very suitable for recovery by gravity separation. The gravity separation process at the Drakelands processing plant starts two steps of desliming using Multotec deslime cyclones, designed to cut at 63 and 45 micron respectively. The underflow from these spirals goes to three banks of eleven 3-start MG6.3 Mineral Technologies spirals (99 spirals in total), producing a rougher concentrate that reports to the cleaner spirals, a middlings product that goes to a bank of 33 middlings spirals and tailings that go to the 25 m diameter thickener. The middlings spirals (also MG6.3) tailings go to the thickener, and the concentrate is sent to the cleaner spirals.

While this allows for numbers of arbitrary precision to be serialized, it may lead to portability issues. For example, since no differentiation is made between integer and floating-point values, some implementations may treat `42`, `42.0`, and `4.2E+1` as the same number, while others may not. The JSON standard makes no requirements regarding implementation details such as overflow, underflow, loss of precision, rounding, or signed zeros, but it does recommend to expect no more than IEEE 754 binary64 precision for "good interoperability". There is no inherent precision loss in serializing a machine-level binary representation of a floating-point number (like binary64) into a human-readable decimal representation (like numbers in JSON), and back, since there exist published algorithms to do this exactly and optimally.

The leaky bucket as a meter is exactly equivalent to (a mirror image of) the token bucket algorithm, i.e. the process of adding water to the leaky bucket exactly mirrors that of removing tokens from the token bucket when a conforming packet arrives, the process of leaking of water from the leaky bucket exactly mirrors that of regularly adding tokens to the token bucket, and the test that the leaky bucket will not overflow is a mirror of the test that the token bucket contains enough tokens and will not 'underflow'. Thus, given equivalent parameters, the two algorithms will see the same traffic as conforming or nonconforming. The leaky bucket as a queue can be seen as a special case of the leaky bucket as a meter.

Contamination outside the capture zone or that does not have a long enough residence time will not be properly decontaminated. Groundwater modeling can also be used for the following: # Determining the location of the PRB # Determining a suitable configuration # Determining the width of the reactive cell (and funnel for funnel-and gate) # Evaluating potential for underflow, overflow, or flow across aquifers # Providing knowledge of groundwater flow fluctuations (velocity and direction) for use in the design # Determining reactive media selection (based on hydraulic conductivity) to match the conductivity of the aquifer # Evaluating possibilities for flow bypass due to reduced porosity # Helping determine monitoring well locations and monitoring frequenciesFox, T. C.; Gupta, Neeraj. (1999). Hydrogeological modeling for permeable reactive barriers. Journal of Hazardous Materials.

The UltraSPARC III cores were improved in a variety of ways. Instruction fetch, store bandwidth, and data prefetching were optimized. The floating-point adder implements additional hardware to handle more not a number (NaN) and underflow cases to avoid exceptions. Both cores share a L2 cache with a capacity of up to 16 MB but have their own L2 cache tags. The UltraSPARC IV contains 66 million transistors and measures 22.1 mm by 16.1 mm (356 mm2). It was fabricated by Texas Instruments in their 0.13 μm process. The UltraSPARC IV+, released in mid-2005, is also a dual-core design, featuring enhanced processor cores and an on-chip L2 cache. It is fabricated on a 90 nanometer manufacturing process.

A cyclone is a conical vessel in which coal along with finely ground magnetite (media) is pumped tangentially to a tapered inlet and short cylindrical section at a predetermined flowrate and pressure followed by a conical section where the separation takes place. The higher specific gravity fractions being subject to greater centrifugal forces pull away from the central core and descend downwards towards the apex along the wall of cyclone body and pass out as rejects/middlings through the underflow orifice discharge, also known as the spigot. The lighter particles are caught in an upward stream and pass out as clean coal through the cyclone overflow outlet via the vortex finder. From the overflow orifice, the coal goes into the overflow chamber, and is discharged to the next stage of the process.

In 1990, the California Department of Water Resources filed a complaint with the California State Water Resources Control Board stating that the El Sur Ranch's wells were drawing water from the underflow of the Big Sur River, and Hill was required to apply for a Water Right Permit. Hill has supplied studies that contradict the state's findings, and has been engaged in ongoing litigation and negotiations with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. He is seeking a permit to use a maximum of 1,615 acre-feet per year, based on a 20-year rolling average of 1,200 acre-feet per year. The California Department of Parks and Recreation, the California Department of Fish and Game, and the California Sportfishing Protection Alliance claim the water Hill is diverting is reducing the flow of the Big Sur River and harming the threatened steelhead habitat.

Sixteen registers (registers 48 to 63) were referred to as "global registers" and they correspond to the registers of a typical CPU, in that they are static and always visible. The other 48 registers were actually the top of the subroutine stack. Thirty-two of them (0–31) were local registers for the current subroutine, and registers 32–47 were used to pass up to 16 parameters to the next subroutine called. During a subroutine call, the register stack moved up 32 words, so the caller's registers 32–47 became the called subroutine's registers 0–15. The return instruction dropped the stack by 32 words so return parameters would be visible to the caller in registers 32–47. The stack cache held 16 levels in the CPU and stack overflow and underflow was automatically handled by the microcode of the CPU.

The field and stadium was possibly the first ever built in Cape Verde, opened in around the mid to late 1930s. The stadium was built on a stream named Ribeira Bote, a 4 km stream that flows around the middle of the island west to Mindelo south of Praça Estrela. The stream flowed southward and today flows underneath Avenida 12 de Setembro and empties into the bay through an underflow tunnel. The final matches between the winners of the islands of Santiago and São Vicente before independence in 1975 took place at Estádio Fontinha, one of them was in 1972, they were held each year with the exceptions of 1955, 1957 to 1959 and in 1970. Also in the final years of colonial rule, one of two matches of two Portuguese Cups were played at the field, first, the 1965-66 season where Mindelense lost to CS Marítimo of the Madeira Islands which was played on 9 March and a single 6th round match around April in 1970-71 season where Mindelense lost to Sporting Lisbon 0-21.

WRDA 1988 authorized specified public works projects at the following locations: (1) flood control, Lower Mission Creek, Santa Barbara, California; (2) navigation, Ft. Pierce Harbor, Florida; (3) beach erosion control, Nassau County (Amelia Island), Florida; (4) navigation, Port Sutton Channel, Florida; (5) flood control, Chicagoland Underflow Plan, Illinois; (6) navigation, Lower Ohio River, Illinois and Kentucky; (7) flood control, Hazard, Kentucky; (8) navigation, Wolf and Jordan Rivers and Bayou Portage, Mississippi; (9) flood control, Truckee Meadows, Nevada; (10) flood control, Scioto River, West Columbus, Ohio; (11) navigation, Delaware River, Philadelphia to Wilmington, Pennsylvania and Delaware; (12) flood control, Cypress Creek, Texas; (13) flood control Falfurrias, Texas; (14) navigation, Guadalupe River to Victoria, Texas; (15) flood control, McGrath Creek, Wichita Falls, Texas; and (16) environmental enhancement, Mississippi and Louisiana Estuarine Areas. Directed measures to alleviate bank erosion and related problems associated with reservoir releases along the Missouri River between Fort Peck Dam, Montana, and Gavins Point Dam, South Dakota and Nebraska. Required the cost of such measures to be apportioned among project purposes as a joint-use operation and maintenance expense. Permits the Secretary to acquire interests in affected areas from willing sellers.

In floating-point calculations, NaN is not the same as infinity, although both are typically handled as special cases in floating-point representations of real numbers as well as in floating-point operations. An invalid operation is also not the same as an arithmetic overflow (which might return an infinity) or an arithmetic underflow (which would return the smallest normal number, a denormal number, or zero). IEEE 754 NaNs are encoded with the exponent field filled with ones (like infinity values), and some non-zero number in the significand field (to make them distinct from infinity values); this allows the definition of multiple distinct NaN values, depending on which bits are set in the significand field, but also on the value of the leading sign bit (but applications are not required to provide distinct semantics for those distinct NaN values). For example, a bit-wise IEEE floating-point standard single precision (32-bit) NaN would be :`s111 1111 1xxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx` where s is the sign (most often ignored in applications) and the x sequence represents a non-zero number (the value zero encodes infinities).

The solution is to temporarily add d so that the range of possible values is d through 2e−1, and reduce values larger than e bits in a way that never generates representations less than d. Finally subtracting the temporary offset produces the desired value. Begin by assuming that we have a partially reduced value y which is bounded so 0 ≤ y < 2m = 2e+1−2d. In this case, a single offset subtraction step will produce 0 ≤ ' < m. To see this, consider two cases: ; 0 ≤ y < m = 2e − d : In this case, y + d < 2e and ' = y < m, as desired. ; m ≤ y < 2m : In this case, 2e ≤ y + d < 2e+1 is an e+1-bit number, and = 1\. Thus, ' = (y+d) − 2e +d − d = y − 2e + d = y − m < m, as desired. Because the multiplied high part is d, the sum is at least d and subtracting the offset never causes underflow. (For the case of a Lehmer generator specifically, a zero state or its image y = m will never occur, so an offset of d−1 will work just the same, if that is more convenient.