A plant with thorns In plant morphology, thorns, spines, and prickles, and in general spinose structures (sometimes called spinose teeth or spinose apical processes), are hard, rigid extensions or modifications of leaves, roots, stems or buds with sharp, stiff ends, and generally serve the same function: physically deterring animals from eating the plant material.
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Spinose ear tick adults do not feed; they absorb water from the atmosphere to survive.
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Breviraja spinosa , commonly known as the spinose skate, is a species of ray in the family Rajidae.
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The specific name is derived from Latin spinosus (meaning thorny) and refers to the irregular, spinose processes of the gnathos.
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Otobius megnini, also known as the spinose ear tick, is a soft-bodied tick that is only parasitic in the larval and nymphal stages. As its common name suggests, the spinose ear tick's parasitic forms are usually found within the ears of the definitive host. This tick has a worldwide distribution, with common hosts that include horses, cattle, sheep, goats, and dogs.
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The specific name echinata is derived from Latin echinatus, meaning "thorny", and refers to the spinose tubercles on top of the snout and on the sides.
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The Cribrilinidae family is a part of the suborder Ascophora within the bryozoans. They are characterized by numerous spinose ribs (costae) overarching the frontal membrane of each zooid.
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Morula (Habromorula) spinosa, common name : the spinose rock shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.
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The toes are almost fully webbed. Skin, especially the limbs, are particularly spinose, but less so in breeding males. Coloration is an almost uniform hue, without a pronounced patterning.
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The species name is derived from the Latin longus (long) and spina (thorn) in reference to the characteristic long, spinose cornutus present in the male aedoeagus of this insect.
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The Carcinosomatoidea have a poorly resolved internal phylogeny, though can be easily recognised by scorpion-like appearance and heavily spinose appendages. Numerous characteristics support a close relationship to the Eurypteroidea.
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In this genus the spire is carinated or smooth. The whorls are not tubercular or spinose. The anal sinus can be found more or less near the suture.George Washington Tryon, Manual of Conchology vol.
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Hystrichis is a genus of nematode worm with a spinose anterior end, resembling the introvert of priapulids.A. Schmidt-Rhaesa, “Phylogenetic relationships of the Nematomorpha – a discussion of current hypotheses,” Zool. Anz., vol. 236, pp.
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The height of the shell attains 9 mm. The shell is delicately but sharply reticulate all over. The two peripheral spirals are minutely spinose at the intersections. The columellar tooth is present but not strong.
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Onychomicrodictyon is a genus of Toyonian net-like small shelly fossil that probably belonged to a lobopodian resembling Onychodictyon or Microdictyon; the plates have a honeycomb structure with nodal flanges and an apical spinose extension.
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Males measure about and females about in snout–vent length. The body is elongated, tapering from the temporal region. There are prominent spinose tubercles on all dorsal surfaces, especially on the eyelids. The tympanum is distinct.
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Van Wyk, Van Wyk. 2007. How to identify trees in South Africa. Struik. spines are derived from leaves (either the entire leaf or some part of the leaf that has vascular bundles inside, like the petiole or a stipule), and prickles are derived from epidermis tissue (so that they can be found anywhere on the plant and do not have vascular bundles inside). Leaf margins may also have teeth, and if those teeth are sharp, they are called spinose teeth on a spinose leaf margin (some authors consider them a kind of spine).
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Head much depressed; nostril lateral, below the canthus rostralis, slightly tubular. Upper head-scales smooth; occipital not enlarged; small conical spinose scales on the side of the head near the ear, and on the neck; ear larger than the eye-opening. Throat strongly plicate; no gular pouch. Body much depressed, with a very indistinct lateral fold; nuchal and latero-dorsal scales very small, granular; vertebral region with enlarged flat, feebly keeled, rather irregular scales; flanks with enlarged, strongly keeled or spinose scales; no nuchal denticulation; ventral scales smooth, distinctly smaller than the enlarged dorsals.
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It was approximately long. Most prominent are the claw-like, spinose cephalic appendages, which seem to suggest affinities with the "great appendage" arthropods. Kootenichela has been subsequently suggested to be a chimera of various arthropods by other workers.
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The size of the shell varies between 25 mm and 50 mm. The solid, imperforate shell has a conoid shape. It is more or less elevated. The 5-6 whorls are obliquely radiately costate, imbricately spinose at the periphery.
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Tail ending in a large rugose shield, which is neither truncated nor spinose at the end. Caudal disc as long as the shielded part of the head.Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History).
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No mental groove. Diameter of body 24 to 34 times in the total length. Ventrals only slightly larger than the contiguous scales. Tail ending in a large convex rugose shield, which is neither truncated nor spinose at the end.
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No mental groove. Tail ending in a large convex rugose shield, which is neither truncated nor spinose at the end. Diameter of body 37 to 39 times in the total length. Ventrals only slightly larger than the contiguous scales.
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The species in this genus are characterized by their elongated fusiform spire and a long siphonal canal. The whorls show on their edge spinose projections. Indo-Pacific mollusca; Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Delaware Museum of Natural History; v.
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Ansonia spinulifer males measure and females up to in snout–vent length. Tympanum is visible. Dorsum has big spinose warts and usually a light spot between the shoulders. The warts are large and have keratinized projections, hence the species name.
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The 6-7 whorls are obliquely lamellose striate. The upper ones are carinate and tuberculate or spinose at the periphery. The body whorl descends rounded or bicarinate and is spirally lirate. The base of the shell is conspicuously radiately striate.
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Tail ending in a large convex rugose shield, which is neither truncated nor spinose at the end. Caudal disc slightly shorter than the shielded part of the head.Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History).
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Nicolalde-Morejón, F., A. P. Vovides & D. W. Stevenson. 2009. Taxonomic revision of Zamia in Mega-Mexico. Brittonia 61(4): 301–335. Zamia sporophylls are born in vertical rows in cones, and the megasporophyll apices are faceted or flattened, not spinose.
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150 to 160 scales round the middle of the body. Limbs strong, with compressed digits; the scales on the upper surface of limbs much enlarged, strongly keeled, generally spinose; fourth finger slightly longer than third; fourth toe a little longer than third, fifth extending beyond first. Tail rounded, depressed at the base, covered with rather large spinose scales arranged in rings, two rings forming a distinct segment; the length of the tail doos not equal quite twice the distance from gular fold to vent. Male with a large patch of callose preanal scales and an enormous patch of similar scales on the belly.
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The shell is white, with a broad chestnut band below the periphery. The tuberculations of the periphery are often long, spinose. There is usually a revolving row of nodules below the middle of the body whorl.George Washington Tryon, Manual of Conchology vol.
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The anal scale is undivided. There are 215–216 ventral scales and 51–54 subcaudal scales. The hemipenis is subcylindrical and spinose throughout. Wallaceophis may be distinguished from most members of the family Colubridae by its lack of hypapophyses on posterior dorsal vertebrae.
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Smaug are large lizards (extremely large among the Cordylidae), measuring up to in snout–vent length (SVL). The body is sub-cylindrical in cross-section and robust. Limbs are moderate in length and digits are unreduced. Dorsal and caudal scales are enlarged and spinose.
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The shell grows to a length of 27 mm. The white shell shows a broad chestnut band below the periphery. The tuberculations of the periphery are often long and spinose. Usually a revolving row of nodules appears below the middle of the body whorl.
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The larvae have a segmented body. On segments two to nine, they have light brown complete spinose bands. There are three small tubercles above and three below the posterior cavity. The posterior spiracles have two slits; however, they are not surrounded by the peritreme.
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C. Stojanovich, H. Pratt, E. Bennington (1962). Fly Larvae: Key to some species of Public Health Importance. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. It has eleven posteriorly spinose dorsal segments with a median pair of tubercles on the upper border of the stigmal field.
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The periphery shows several prominent squamose or spinose lirae. The base of the shell is somewhat flattened, with close squamose lirae separated by deep interstices. The aperture is silvery within, transversely ovate, very oblique, its margins fluted. The columella is extended, oblique, and arcuate.
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Acacia anarthros is a shrub of the genus Acacia and the subgenus Pulchellae. It is native to an area in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia. The spinose shrub typically grows to a height of . It blooms from June to September and produces yellow flowers.
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On a leaf apex, if there is an apical process (generally an extension of the midvein), and if it is especially sharp, stiff, and spine-like, it may be referred to as spinose or as a pungent apical process (again, some authors call them a kind of spine). When the leaf epidermis is covered with very long, stiff trichomes (more correctly called bristles in this case; for some authors a kind of prickle), it may be referred to as a hispid vestiture; if the trichomes are stinging trichomes, it may be called a urent vestiture. There can be found also spines or spinose structures derived from roots.
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Crioceratites duvalii, on display at Galerie de paléontologie et d'anatomie comparée in ParisCrioceratites is coiled in an open, normally equiangular spiral with an oval or subquadrate whorl section. The surface is banded by fine, dense, rounded ribbing sectioned by periodically spaced thick and often spinose ribs.
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54 (24): 407-462. The hemipenes are short, thick, and spinose. Scalation: dorsal scales in 17 longitudinal rows at midbody, of which rows 7-11 are slightly keeled. There are 8 upper labials, of which the first are separated from the nasal scales by a distinct suture.
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The shell size varies between 10 mm and 35 mm. Size, color and morphology are very variable. The whorls have a variable number of more or less prominent varices showing foliaceous or spinose projections. They have a well-developed siphonal canal, and the siphon is quite elongated.
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Members of this family can be herbaceous to "woody" vines. They grow from this rhizomes and are often armed with prickles on the stems and/or leaves. Leaves are alternate and simple; and entire to spinose-serrate. Some members of this family have coriaceous (leathery) leaves.
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Molecular phylogeny of Nepenthaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid trnK intron sequence data. Plant Biology (Stuttgart) 3(2): 164–175. This genus is characterised by inaperturate and spinose pollen grains that are united in loose tetrahedral tetrads (groups of four). The grains are prolate, striate, and tricolpate.
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2 # 9-10: p. 403 The shell is moderate in size, with a subacute, few whorled, glassy protoconch. It has an elongated slender, straight siphonal canal. The whorls are tabulated by a sharp recurved spinose or beaded keel, between which and the suture the surface is concave, nearly smooth.
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Acacia botrydion is a shrub belonging to the genus Acacia and the subgenus Phyllodineae. It is native to a small area in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia. The diffuse and spinose shrub typically grows to a height of . It blooms from July to September and produces yellow flowers.
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B.K. Sen Gupta 2002 Modern Foraminifera The Heterohelicacea have chambers that are typically biserial or triserial throughout. Those in the Globorotaliacea are typically trochospiral and smooth while those in the Globigerinacea are trochospiral to planispiral in arrangement and spinose. Loeblich and Tappan, 1964,A.R. Loeblich jr & H Tappan 1964.
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Acacia amputata is a shrub of the genus Acacia and the subgenus Pulchellae. It is native to an area in the Wheatbelt and Great Southern regions of Western Australia. The spreading spinose shrub typically grows to a height of . It blooms from July to September and produces yellow flowers.
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Acacia megacephala is a shrub of the genus Acacia and the subgenus Pulchellae. It is native to an area in the Mid West regions of Western Australia. The erect, spindly and spinose shrub typically grows to a height of . It blooms from July to September and produces yellow flowers.
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The species name refers to the four spinose spots in female genitalia and is derived from Latin quadrifida (meaning four-divided, split into four)., 2012: A review of the taxonomic history and biodiversity of the genus Urodeta (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae: Elachistinae), with description of new species. Zootaxa 3488: 41-62. Full article: .
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The siphuncle is ventral, tubular and free of organic deposits. The shell is encircled periodically by crenulate frills, each of which is bent apically so as for form a well defined hyponomic sinus, but are without spoutlike or spinose projections. Halloceras, from the Lower Devonian, is a similar, gyroconic rutoceratid.
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The head is incapable of rotating laterally. Two pairs of antennae are set at the front of the head. The eyes are usually well developed and the mouthparts do not form a suctorial cone or proboscis. The thorax or pereon is smooth or slightly sculptured and sometimes spinose or rugose.
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Ancalagon had a slender, cyndrical, radially symmetric body averaging 6 centimeters in length. Its proboscis was armed with circum-oral hooks at the anterior. There were about 10 of these hooks, equal in size and with prominent bases. Directly posterior was an unarmed space, followed by posteriorly directed spinose hooks.
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Adult females can reach in snout–vent length. Males reach sexual maturity at about in snout–vent length. The tympanum is discernible, but the tympanic annulus tends to be covered by spinose warts. The parotoid glands are prominent and covered by dark-tipped spines, except in males in full breeding condition.
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Agama robecchii has a tail longer than its head and body. The body is not depressed. The head does not show a nuchal crest, only a few spinose, not lanceolate scales. The whole of the dorsum is beset with larger spines, each of which has a ring of smaller spines at its base.
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Sutures in the Phylloceratidae vary in complexity and are usually described on the basis of the saddles, which diverge to the front. Saddle endings may be double (diphyllic), triple (triphyllic), or quadruple (tetraphillic). Branching may be asymmetric. Intervening lobes are variably branched with thorn-like or spinose terminations as viewed in plan.
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The intricate and pungent shrub typically grows to a height of . It has spinose and glabrous branchlets that are rigid and striate-ribbed and caducous stipules. The sessile and patent, rigid, green phyllodes have an inequilaterally triangular-lanceolate to semi-trullate shape. The phyllodes have a length of and a width of .
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The suture is subcanaliculate. The 5-6 convex whorls are somewhat flattened in the middle. They are ornamented with numerous unequal spiral granose, spinose or squamose lirae, of which the subsutural and three or four submedian are more prominent. The typical form is very sharply sculptured, the principal lirae occasionally bearing vaulted scales.
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The periphery is carinated spinose, bearing about twelve radiating more or less foliated spines upon the body whorl. This body whorl descends deeply toward the aperture. The convex base is concentrically more or less densely squamosely lirate. The outer lirae are generally prominent and subspinose, sometimes causing the periphery to appear bicarinate.
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Qiongthela ranges in size from 13-31mm in length (excluding the chelicerae). The male's palp has a long, blade-like conductor with a slightly hook-like apex. The tegulum has two margins and the paracymbium is spinose. Females have two paired receptacular clusters, situated on the anterior edge of the bursa copulatrix.
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The open and wispy shrub typically grows to a height of . It has slender branchlets with spinose stipules that are that are not common on mature plants. The linear evergreen phyllodes have a length of and a width of with a single prominent nerve. It blooms from August to September and produces cream flowers.
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Miraspis mira is a spinose species of odontopleurid trilobite in the family Odontopleuridae. Fossils of M. mira are known from the Wenlock-aged Liteň Formation in Loděnice, in Bohemia, Czech Republic, originally described by Joachim Barrande, in 1846, as "Odontopleura mira." In 1917, Richter and Richter split "O. mira" off into its own genus, Miraspis.
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The maxillary lobe(s) not stylet-like and have a pulp that is without complex organ. The apex of galea or maxillary lobe densely setose or spinose; without heavily sclerotized teeth or hooks. Lacinia without hook(s) or spine(s). Apical maxillary palpomere cylindrical to fusiform; at least as wide as or longer than preapical one.
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Globulina is a genus of Foraminifera with an ovate to globular test, included in the Polymorphinidae, Notocariacea, that has been extant since the Middle Jurassic (Callovian). The test, (or shell), is of translucent, perforate, optically radial calcite. The surface smooth or rarely spinose to striate. Chambers are added at first in five planes, a little more than 144 deg.
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The ventrals are only slightly larger than the contiguous scales. The tail ends in a large convex rugose shield, which is neither truncated nor spinose at the end. The caudal disc is 1/2 to 3/5 the length of the shielded part of the head. Some of the distal dorsal scales of the tail are weakly keeled.
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The shrub typically grows to a height of and has a dense and intricate habit. It has glabrous with persistent and spinose stipules with a length of . Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The evergreen, sessile phyllodes that are usually continuous with the branchlets have a length of and a diameter of .
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The size of an adult shell varies between 20 mm and 45 mm. The upper portion of the whorls are smooth and concave, with a sutural band of tubercles, sometimes becoming spinose. The periphery of the shell is angulated, and tuberculate, as well as the body whorl below it. This is caused by rude curved longitudinal ribs crossed by the revolving sculpture.
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Walliserops (named after Prof. O. Walliser of the University of Göttingen) is a genus of spinose phacopid trilobite, of the family Acastidae, found in Lower to Middle Devonian age rocks from the Anti-Atlas Mountains of Morocco. All species of Walliserops possess a three-pronged "trident" that protrudes from the glabella. Walliserops is most closely related to the genus Comura.
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He observes that the auditory organs of cetaceous, cartilaginous and spinose fish differ from one another in structure and substance. The auditory organs of cetaceous fish are bony, while they are more fragile for cartilaginous fishes, he explains. He adds that water does not act as an impediment to hearing, but rather is the “intermedium” by which sound is communicated.
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Lima is a genus of file shells or file clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the family Limidae, the file shells, within the subclass Pteriomorphia.Abbott, R.T. & Morris, P.A. A Field Guide to Shells: Atlantic and Gulf Coasts and the West Indies. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1995. 32. The shells are obliquely trigonal, and strongly radially ribbed, the ribs scabrous to spinose.
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The spreading and prickly shrub typically grows to a height of . It has glabrous to subglabrous branchlets with a light grey coloured epidermis and spinose long stipules. The sessile, patent, rigid green phyllodes have a slightly inequilaterally narrowly oblong to narrowly oblong-elliptic or lanceolate shape that is sometimes linear. The phyllodes are in length and wide with a prominent midrib.
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Pachistopelma is a genus of Brazilian tarantulas that was first described by Reginald Innes Pocock in 1901. it contains two species, found in Brazil: P. bromelicola and P. rufonigrum. They have a straight front eye row and males have a spinose spur on the first tibia. Females have two spermathecae lacking lobes or constrictions that have a slight curvature in the middle.
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The body whorl is carinated and spinose at the periphery. The color of the shell is above grayish, maculated with purplish brown and faint green. The base of the shell is radiately striped, lineolate or maculate with brown. The upper surface of the whorls is closely granulose, and each whorl bears at its periphery about 17 radiating perforated short spines.
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Shells of Hexaplex fulvescens can reach a size of . These shells are massive and spinose and they are the largest muricid shells of the Western Atlantic (hence the common name). They have several straight or bifurcate spines arranged in 6-10 radial rows with spiraling ridges. Shell surface may be whitish, grayish or pale brown, the aperture is oval with crenulate edges.
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N. campbelli has a spiky appearance. The caudal scales are strongly keeled and spinose, and the spines are longest on the flanks. The head is a darker brown colour and the back is a chestnut to light brown, covered with smallish yellow spots with patchy dark- brown crossbars that sometimes bear a dark band to the centre. The belly is off-white.
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The prostrate spinescent shrub typically grows to a height of . It normally has glabrous branchlets that are often covered with a white powdery coating and have spinose stipules with a length of . Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The evergreen phyllodes have an ovate to narrowly elliptic shape with a length of and a width of .
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The dense, spreading and pungent shrub typically grows to a height of with an intricate habit. It has glabrous branchlets with spinose stipules that are in length and widely spreading. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The pungent, evergreen and dimidiate phyllodes have a length of and a width of with a midrib that is not prominent.
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Jacky dragons also have spinose scales on the sides of their necks. The tympanum is medium-sized and fairly conspicuous. The average size of a jacky dragon is 9 in (22.86 cm) including the tail, though they have been recorded at lengths up to 17.5 in (44.45 cm). The length of the tail is generally twice as long as that of the body.
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Glomerula piloseta, longitudinal section of the tube Glomerula is a genus of polychaete worm in the family Sabellidae. It differs from all other Sabellidae in having a calcareous tube and spinose setae. Only one living species, G. piloseta, is known from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. The oldest fossils of Glomerula are known from the Early Jurassic and their tube microstructure has remained unchanged since then.
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Opik (1982, p.77) remarked that “Acontheus inarmatus Hutchinson, 1962 from Newfoundland and A. patens Lazarenko, 1965 from East Siberia are congeneric and distinguished by rounded (not spinose) cephalic corners” and, that “at all events the absence of eyes in Acontheus justifies an independent status for its subfamily”. This therefore places A. patens in the same clan as A. inarmatus, A. inarmatus minutus and A. sp. nov.
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The grey reef shark (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos) from New Caledonia in which Huffmanela lata was discovered The adults of Huffmanela lata are unknown, only the eggs were described. The eggs are 77-88 (mean 84) micrometers in length and 52-63 (mean 57) micrometers in width, with a thick (6-8 micrometers) shell, apparently spinose. Mobile larvae, 200-250 micrometers in length, were visible in the eggs.
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It grows up to 2 metres high and has phyllodes which measure 0.2 to 0.6 cm long and 1 to 2 mm wide. The phyllodes are straight, narrow- cuneate, slightly notched at the apex, and feature prominent midveins. Branchlets are terete, whitish and densely pubescent, As the branch grows it becomes glabrous and terminates in a rigid spinose point. The bark is grey, white or occasionally greenish.
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Brownish blotches and yellow green background continue to mid-lateral region of the fish and are replaced by small silverfish-grey flecks which gradually merges into the white belly. The cheeks and lower lateral surfaces have a silverfish-grey sheen. Spinose region of the belly is white. All fins are pale, and a reddish-brown patch is seen on anterior of pectoral fin insert.
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The skeleton is covered by a flexible membrane, the mesoglea, which contains minute calcareous spicules or sclerites. The identity of these is important for distinguishing between different closely related species. In Melithaea ochracea, they include capstans, double discs, disc-spindles and unilaterally spinose spindles, plain spindles, clubs and anthocodial sclerites. Three sides of the branches are densely covered in calyces, dome shaped perforated structures from which the polyps protrude.
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Odontopleuridae is a family of odontopleurid trilobites found in marine strata throughout the world. Odontopleurids of Odontopleuridae first appear in Late Cambrian-aged marine strata, and the last genera perish by the end of the Frasnian stage during the Late Devonian. The members of Odontopleuridae are famous for their spinose appearance, having long, often numerous spines along the edges of their exoskeletons, and derived from ends of segments or tubercle ornaments.
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Damesellidae is a family of odontopleurid trilobites found in late Middle to Late Cambrian marine strata, primarily of China. Damesellids are closely related to the odontopleurids of Odontopleuridae, but are not nearly as spinose, nor possess spines as exaggerated as Odontopleuridae. Like Odontopleuridae odontopleurids, damesellids have broad, bar-shaped cranidia with ledge-like borders. Damesellidae may represent transitional forms between more primitive, possibly ancestral ptychopariids and more advanced odontopleurids.
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The bush or tree typically grows to a maximum height of and has smooth grey bark on the main stem and branched with more yellowish coloured bark on the upper branches. It can have an open an straggly a sometimes dense habit. The glabrous branchlets are often covered in a fine white powdery coating and have spinose stipules. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves.
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As with many soft ticks, the mouthparts of O. megnini are not visible from the dorsal view. The nymph is somewhat violin shaped with tiny, backward-projecting spines covering the body, which are the reason for the description spinose in the common name. The adult may achieve in length, is brown, and has a slightly granular body cuticle. The male and female closely resemble each other; neither possesses a scutum.
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Permonautilus is an extinct genus of nautilids from the Upper Permian of Russia, named and described by Kruglov in 1933. Permonautilus is an involute, globular, spinose member of the Lirocertidae which are included in the Clydonautilaceae. Whorl sections are broad, with a rounded venter. The umbilicus in the middle of the shell is deep, from which spine-like processes extend laterally in the mature portion near the aperture.
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The open shrub typically grows to a height of . It has light grey and scarred branches and hairy branchlets with spinose stipules that have a length of around . Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The crowded, rigid, pungent and evergreen phyllodes have a length of and a width of and are usually narrower near the apex with nerves that are rarely evident.
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The rigid prickly shrub typically grows to a height of . The glabrous, short, rigid and straight branchlets are patent to ascending are often spinose and lightly covered in a fine white powdery coating. Like many species it has phyllodes rather than new leaves. The grey-green to blue-green, pungent, sessile and dimidiate phyllodes have a length of and a width of with a midrib near lower margin.
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The glabellar furrows (when not effaced) typically have a splayed arrangement. In most species, the hind pair on either side of the cephalon become spines that point sharply backwards, and the spinose tips of the anterior pairs of thoracic segments tend to become more and more forward directed toward the pygidium. The eyes are typically large. Pygidia are typically large, competing in size with the cephalon in some species.
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C. ramosus has a large, solid, very rugged and heavy shell, of up to 330 mm in length. It has a relatively globose outline, possessing a short spire, a slightly inflated body whorl, and a moderately long siphonal canal. One of its most striking ornamentations are the conspicuous, leaf-like, recurved hollow digitations. It also presents three spinose axial varices per whorl, with two elongated nodes between them.
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Odontopleura is a genus of spinose odontopleurid trilobite in the family Odontopleuridae, and is the type genus of that family and of Odontopleurida. The various species are found in Upper Ordovician to Middle Devonian marine strata throughout the world. The best studied fossils are of the type species, O. ovata, from the Wenlock-aged Liteň Formation in Loděnice, in Bohemia, Czech Republic, and, southeastern Gotland, of Sweden.Calner, Mikael, et al.
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The white aperture is ovate, rounded, terminated at its upper part by an angle of the outer lip, and a thick ridge of the left lip, which form a canal. The emargination at the base is oblique. The outer lip is thick, furnished upon its edge with six or seven spinose teeth, and in the interior with numerous transverse striae, very fine, and slightly apparent. The left lip is smooth, and obliterated above.
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Tropical bont ticks affect most domestic animals and occur in Africa and the Caribbean. The spinose ear tick has a worldwide distribution, the young feeding inside the ears of cattle and wild animals. In general, ticks are to be found wherever their host species occur. Migrating birds carry ticks with them on their journeys; a study of migratory birds passing through Egypt found more than half the bird species examined were carrying ticks.
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Dichotomously branched sporangiophores of Syzygites megalocarpus viewed at 100x Syzygites megalocarpus sporagiospores at the tip of a sporangiophore viewed at 400x Syzygites megalocarpus produces phototropic, repeatedly dichotomously branched sporangiophores that terminate in globose, apophysate sporangia. Sporangiospores have a spinose wall, which is rare in Mucorales. Zygospores are pigmented, ornamented, and produced on equally sized suspendors. Due to the presence of carotenoids, the myceliuem can appear yellowish, though mature sporangia darken giving it a brownish appearance.
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The average snout to base of tail length is 7.5 centimeters, but can be up to 9. They have a row of enlarged spinose (spikey) scales on each side of the tail bases. The mountain dragon appears similar to the jacky dragon, but can be much redder, and the inside of its mouth is pink (compared to the yellow of the jacky dragon). They breed in summer, laying 2–9 eggs in a burrow.
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Dermacentor (Dermacentor andersoni, the Rocky Mountain wood tick; Dermacentor variabilis, the American dog tick; D. reticulatus, the ornate dog tick of Europe). D. nitens, the tropical horse tick of the Americas, has a one-host lifecycle similar to the boophilids. Margaropus winthemi, the beady-legged tick, infests horses and cattle in South Africa. The soft tick Otobius megnini, the spinose ear tick, has its nymphs feeding within the ear canal of many species of domestic animals.
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Adults of this species have an average snout-vent length (SVL) of 50mm, with a total body length of 110mm. Individuals in this species can range in colour from pale yellowish brown to brick red and often present with pale banding across the body and darker banding along the length of the tail. The head is rounded with predominately smooth or slightly rugose scales. Scales on the body less smooth and interspersed with larger spinose scales.
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The foraminifera of genus Globigerinoides are all shallow-water species with spinose forms made of hyaline calcite. Most species have trochospiral chamber arrangement, though some species exhibit further complexity with streptospiral chamber arrangement. Tests are composed of thin perforated walls, with very large pores, and spines being added at the end of individual chamber formation. Certain species are known to produce a modified type of calcium carbonate, O enriched-gametogenic calcite, at the end of their life cycle.
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Muschampia cribrellum, the spinose skipper, is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. A species of arid regions, it is found in northern Hungary, Romania, Serbia, North Macedonia and Bulgaria, through the Ukraine, southern Russia, up to the Altai and the Amur region. The length of the forewings is 13–16 mm. This species resembles Muschampia tessellum but is usually smaller, has larger white markings on the upper side of the wings and a distinctively yellow underside of the hindwing.
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The legs are black with spinose tibiae and piceous tarsi.Edward Saunders, 1892 The Hemiptera Heteroptera of the British Islands : a descriptive account of the families, genera, and species indigenous to Great Britain and Ireland : with notes as to localities, habitats The nymphs and adults feed primarily on violets (Viola), but they are found on the ground under different plant species. Initially, the nymphs live in aggregations. Overwintering is under dry leaf and needle litter, under stones or in moss.
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Like all Agnostida, the Calodiscidae are diminutive and the headshield (or cephalon) and tailshield (or pygidium) are of approximately the same size (or isopygous) and outline. The central raised area of the cephalon (or glabella) has parallel sides or tapers forward, the front being rounded and expanded, and may be divided by transverse glabellar furrows. The occipital ring is defined by a complete transverse furrow and is neither not spinose nor expanded. When present, the eye lobes are short and prominent.
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Spinose ear ticks are a constant source of annoyance and irritation for their definitive hosts. Their tendency to occur in large numbers can cause ulceration of the inner ear, high sensitivity of the ears, large amounts of blood loss, and even deafness. Heavily infested animals often shake and rub their heads, which can cause their outer ears to become excoriated and raw. Several cases of human infestation have been reported, and the tick has been incriminated in some instances of pathogen transmission.
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Although spinose ear ticks are generally associated with semiarid or arid environments such as those found in the Southwestern United States, they can also be found in other climate areas due to widespread interstate transportation of animals. Larvae and nymphs usually remain within the ears of their host. Fully grown nymphs and adults live off the host, but still within the host's general environment. They usually prefer dry, protected places such as in cracks and crevices or under logs and fence posts.
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Aglaspidida is an extinct order of aquatic arthropods that were once regarded as primitive chelicerates. However, anatomical comparisons demonstrate that the aglaspidids cannot be accommodated within the chelicerates, and that they lie instead within the Artiopoda, thus placing them closer to the trilobites. Aglaspidida contains the subgroups Aglaspididae and Tremaglaspididae, which are distinguished by the presence of acute/spinose genal angles and a long spiniform tailspine in the Aglaspididae. Aglaspidid fossils are found in North America (upper Mississippi valley, Missouri and Utah), Europe, Australia, and China.
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The leaves are dark green, oval, often convex in shape, long and broad; the leaf margin is spiny-toothed (spinose), with sharp thistly fibers that extend from the lateral leaf veins. The outer layers of leaves are designed for maximum solar absorption, containing two to three layers of photosynthetic cells. These outer leaves are deemed to be small in size to more efficiently re- radiate the heat gained from solar capture. Shaded leaves are generally broader and thinner, having only a single layer of photosynthetic cells.
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Crown without bony ridges; snout short, truncated; interorbital space flat, as broad as the upper eyelid; tympanum very distinct, vertically oval, quite as large as the eye and close to it. First finger a little longer than second; toes barely half webbed, with irregular spinose tubercles beneath, from which the so-called subarticular are hardly distinguishable; two small metatarsal tubercles; no tarsal fold. The tarso-metatarsal tubercle reaches the tympanum or the eye. Upper parts studded with round tubercles of various sizes; parotoids prominent, subcircular.
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The spreading diffuse shrub typically grows to a height of and has many branches. The hairy branchlets have a white-grey coloured epidermis that becomes fissured with age and spinose and straight stipules with a length of and often have hardened bases persisting. Like many species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The coriaceous, shiny, dark green and patent phyllodes have an ovate to widely elliptic shape and usually have a length of and a width of and has a prominent midrib.
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The suture is linear, but strongly defined by the constriction and impressed angulation of the shell at that point. The aperture is perpendicular, nearly square. The outer lip sharp and thin, not patulous, not descending. The curves are very faintly indicated by the lines of growth, but are similar to those described in Seguenzia formosa Jeffreys, 1876, there being three sinuses, one near the suture between the first and second spinose thread, a second, very small but sharp, at the carina, and a third toward the exterior of the base.
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The aperture is broadly oval to almost round and is of variable size. Contrary to the other Muricidae, the siphonal canal, the semi-tubular extension of the aperture, is of moderate length. Like the other murex shells, each convex whorl shows a variable number (four or more) of more or less prominent varices (a thickened axial ridge in the shell), which, in turn, show foliaceous or spinose projections.George E. Radwin and Anthony D'Attilio, Murex Shells of the World, Stanford University Press, 1976 The operculum is the same as in the subfamily Muricinae.
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The length of the shell attains 3 mm, its diameter 1.8 mm (Original description) The small, yellowish brown shell is broadly fusiform, It contains five whorls, including a prominent two-whorled protoconch, which is finely spirally lirate. The adult whorls are strongly angled about the upper third by a prominent spiral keel, which bears at regular intervals well developed spinose nodules, about 10 on the body whorl. Above to the suture the whorl is concavely hollowed, with a finely nodulous keel. Below the carina are two prominent keels, bearing numerous sharp nodules, connected somewhat irregularly above and below, with axial riblets.
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17 [dorsal] scale-rows on the neck. 21 or 23, rarely 19, at mid-body, imbricate and strongly keeled ; Ventrals 225–253 for specimens from the coasts of India and Gulf of Siam; 247-278 for 11 examples from Cap St. Jacques and S. Annam (fide Bourret, p. 25). Hemipenis forked near the tip; it is spinose throughout, the spines being of moderate size, closely set and becoming slightly larger as they approach the proximal end. Olive above, yellowish or white beneath, with black dorsal spots or rhombs which extend round the body to form complete bands in the young; intermediate dorsal spots or bars are usually present.
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A portrait of Klein, from his time as Secretary of Danzig, featured in Historiae Piscium Naturalis Klein published Historiae Piscium Naturalis promovendae Missus primus Gedani in 1744. The publication, dedicated to the Royal Society, focused on understanding the auditory capacity of cartilaginous and spinose fishes. According to John Eames, until the publication of the work, it was believed to have been understood that only cetaceous fish were known to have auditory passages, or ear holes, and that the question of whether fish could hear was still not understood. Aristotle claimed, in his "History of Animals," that fishes possessed no evident auditory organs, but believed that nonetheless they must hear.
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Erbenochile is a genus of spinose phacopid trilobite, of the family Acastidae, found in Lower to Middle Devonian age rocks from Algeria and Morocco. Originally described from an isolated pygidium (the posterior body part or shield), the first complete articulated specimen of E. erbeni revealed the presence of extraordinarily tall eyes: Number of lenses has been estimated at 560 or 450 incomplete preservation accounting for the uncertainty. A lens count of 18 lenses per file is unusually high (twice that of closely related genus) and accounts for the height of the eye, as opposed to a noticeable increase in the size of the individual lenses. A recently found species (E.
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Head much depressed; snout slightly longer than diameter of orbit; nostril lateral, below the canthus rostralis, slightly tubular. Upper head-scales smooth; occipital not enlarged; small closely set spinose scales on the head near the ear, and on the neck; ear entirely exposed, larger than the eye-opening. Throat strongly plicate; no gular pouch. Body depressed, with a more or less distinct fold on each side of the back; scales on the neck and sides small, smooth or very feebly keeled, uniform, those on the vertebral region enlarged, equal, roundish-hexagonal, imbricate, smooth or very feebly keeled; ventral scales smooth, a little smaller than the enlarged dorsals.
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Xenophorids are unusual in that in many of the species the animal cements small stones or shells to the edge of the shell as it grows, thus the shells of those species are sometimes humorously referred to as "shell-collecting shells". The genus name Xenophora comes from two ancient Greek words and means "bearing (or carrying) foreigners". The shells are small to rather large (diameter of base without attachments 19–160 mm; height of shell 21–100 mm), depressed to conical, with narrow to wide, simple to spinose peripheral edge or flange separating spire from base. Aperture large, base broad, rather flattened, often umbilicate.
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Jacky dragons are also characterized by a bright yellow lining in their mouths. . Specimens have been seen with orange-red corners of the inside of their mouths, which may have given rise to the common name of blood-sucker. The jacky dragon is more readily distinguishable by its five crests: a nuchal crest continuous with a vertebral series of enlarged scales; paravertebral series from the nape to the base of the tail, which is separated from the vertebral series by two or three scales; and a dorsolateral series on each side. The hind legs are covered in large, spinose scales and small, keeled scales.
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Taxonomists' opinions differ as to the correct placement of the Crambidae, some authorities treating them as a subfamily (Crambinae) of the family Pyralidae. If this is done, Pyraustinae is usually treated as a separate subfamily within Pyralidae. The Pyraustinae are characterised by atrophied spinula and venulae in the tympanal organs; a narrow fornix tympani; a longitudinal groove with androconial scales on the male mesothoracic tibiae; an often spinose antrum; and a sella (a medially directed clasper on the inside of the valvae), and an editum with modified setae on the male valvae. Many species have larvae that bore into stems and fruit of plants, and several, notably from the genus Ostrinia, are serious agricultural pests.
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Adults of this family can usually be separated from other small flies by the strongly humped thorax, well-developed coxae, and often spinose legs, but identification within the family between genera and species generally requires close study of microscopic features such as subtle differences in wing venation and variation in chaetotaxy and genitalia. The terrestrial larvae usually feed on fungi, especially the fruiting bodies, but also spores and hyphae, but some species have been recorded on mosses and liverworts. The larvae of some species, while still being associated with fungi, are at least partly predatory. Some species are attracted to the fungus smell of Jack-in-the-Pulpit, fall into their inflorescences and accomplish their pollination.
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In the Preface, Klein cites the work of Giulio Casare Casseri, who discovered bones in the heads of Pike or Jack fish, which he understood to be their organs of hearing, though he did not discover any manifest external auditory passages. In section of the essay titled De Lapillis, eorumque Numero in Craniis Piscium (roughly translated as “The bones, their number in the skull of Fish”) Klein considers what parts of the head of fish serve as the organ of hearing, and by what passages the sensation of sound is communicated to them. He refers to these bones as Ossicula – little bones – and considers them essential parts of the head, generated with the brain itself. He notes that the bones scale proportional to the size of the fish, and are most easily discovered in the heads of Spinose fish.
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In fact, the stridulitrum is absent from all species except P. pulchella, where a vestigial and non-functional remnant is present. Second, he maintained that there was an "absence of any constriction between postpetiole [= first gastral segment] and gaster", when in fact differentiated presclerites are strongly developed on the second gastral segment but are specialized in form and usually concealed by the posterior portions of the sclerites of the first gastral segment. However, Wheeler did recognise that the apparent similarities between his Phrynoponera species and two Indian Pachycondyla (then Bothroponera) species, Pachycondyla bispinosa (bispinose propodeum) and Pachycondyla rufipes (denticulate dorsal margin of petiole), were superficial and possibly independently acquired. Each of these Phrynoponera-like species lack the extremely specialized morphology of the petiole sternite, helcium, and prora, as well as the characteristic 5-spinose petiole node, that are unique and consistent in the female castes of Phrynoponera.
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The original description of Homalometron pallidum was given by Linton in 1899 and reads: > "Body very minutely spinose, white, translucent; acetabuhuni and oral sucker > about same size; outline of body, long oval; neck short, continuous with > body; greatest breadth in region of testes, near posterior end; ecaudate; > acetabuhum sessile; ranii of intestines simple, elongate ; esophagus as long > as pharynx; testes, two, in median line behind uterus; seminal vesicle > dorsal to ovary and posterior border of acetabulum; ovary between acetabulum > and testes, on right side; pharynx, subglobular; genital aperture in front > of acetabulum, on median line; vitelline glands lying at posterior end and > along sides of body as far as acetabulum; ova few, relatively large." > "Dimensions of specimen in formalin, given in millimeters: length, 2.72; > breadth, anterior 0.43, at acetabulum 0.89, middle 1.07; near posterior 0.36 > ; diameter of oral sucker, 0.26; diameter of acetabulum, 0.29; diameter of > ovary, 0.21; diameter of testes, 0.33 and 0.39; ova, 0.11 and 0.07 in the > two principal diameters." Stafford used these diagnostic characteristics when he formally described the species in 1904. He was criticized for doing so in 1907 by the German parasitologist Arthur Looss who considered the description insufficient, pointing out that it was not possible to use this description to distinguish this species from other similar parasitic trematodes.
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