The simoom is a hot dry desert wind; Simoom was the fifth Royal Navy ship with this name.Akermann, p. 348 After training, Simoom departed port on 15 February 1943 for a patrol off Norway, providing protection to Arctic Convoys to and from ports in Northern Russia. Her patrol was uneventful, and she returned to Lerwick on 11 March.
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" A song titled "Simoon" features on the Yellow Magic Orchestra's eponymously titled album that was released in 1978. The Creatures have a song called "Simoom" on their 1989 album Boomerang, with lyrics such as "Simoom, simoom... you breathe in suffocation / Relentless simoom, blow and whistle this tune". In the film The English Patient (1996) there is a scene in which Count László Almásy regales Katharine Clifton with histories of named winds, one of them being the "Simoon." Alluding to the records of Herodotus, Almásy tells Katharine that there was once a certain Arabic people who deemed the "Simoon" so evil that they marched out to meet it ranked as an army, "their swords raised.
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Simoom was one of eight destroyers ordered by the British Admiralty in 21 December 1915 as part of the Seventh War Construction Programme. The ship was named after the simoom, a dry wind that sweeps across the Arabian peninsula. The destroyer was long overall, with a beam of and a draught of . Displacement was .
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The Nuttall Encyclopædia described the simoom: > The storm moves in cyclone (circular) form, carrying clouds of dust and > sand, and produces on humans and animals a suffocating effect.: Wood, James, > ed. (1907). "Simoom". The Nuttall Encyclopædia. London and New York: > Frederick Warne A 19th-century account of simoom in Egypt reads: > Egypt is also subject, particularly during the spring and summer, to the hot > wind called the "samoom," which is still more oppressive than the khamasin > winds, but of much shorter duration, seldom lasting longer than a quarter of > an hour or twenty minutes.
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After having one of her propellers changed, Simoom sailed to Gibraltar, then on to Algiers, where she arrived on 24 May.
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Simoom, enraged by his attempted departure, charges and pounces upon him. He is forced to kill the leopard in self-defense. Wounded by Simoom and suffering intense heat and thirst, Augustin collapses before he is able to find his way back to civilization. On the brink of death, he is rescued by a passing Arab on a camel, and returned to his regiment.
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Alternative spellings include samoon, samun, simoun, and simoon. Another name used for this wind is samiel (Turkish samyeli from Arabic sāmm سامّ meaning poisonous and Turkish yel meaning wind). Simoom winds have an alternative type occurring in the region of Central Asia known as "Garmsil" (гармсель). The name means "poison wind" and is given because the sudden onset of simoom may also cause heat stroke.
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From 3 to 17 October 1943, Simoom sailed to Port Said, passing through Malta, Beirut, and Haifa. She underwent repairs to her battery, then departed for a patrol between Naxos and Mikonos, Greece on 2 November. The submarine did not return to Beirut on 19 November as planned, and was declared overdue on the 23rd. Simoom may have been sunk by the on 15 November.
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Two days later, the submarine attacked the Italian tug Robusto with her deck gun on the surface and scored several hits, but an approaching aircraft forced her to break off the action and submerge. Simoom then ended her patrol on 22 July. Vincenzo Gioberti blowing up after being hit by torpedoes from Simoom Simoom again departed Algiers on 4 August for a patrol in the Gulf of Genoa; on 8 August, she unsuccessfully attacked a merchant ship with three torpedoes. The next day, the boat sighted the along with several light cruisers and destroyers; she fired three torpedoes at Giuseppe Garibaldi, but again missed.
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Nimrods division spotted the fighting and came up from the east, and had just opened fire on S50, which had turned to the east, when the British destroyer of the western group, passed through Nimrods division, narrowly avoiding ramming , fouling Nimrods line of fire. S50 escaped in the confusion, returning to Germany. Nimrod attempted to take the stricken Simoom under tow, but these attempts failed, and Simoom was scuttled by gunfire from .
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Simoom was the fifth ship in the Royal Navy named after the simoom, a dry wind that sweeps across the Arabian peninsula. It reused the name of the similar destroyer built by the same company that had been sunk in action on 23 January 1917. The ship was laid down by John Brown & Company at Clydebank on 6 August 1917 and delivered on 12 March 1918, a swift seven months. The vessel was launched on 26 January 1918.
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On commissioning, Simoom joined the 10th Destroyer Flotilla as part of the Harwich Force under the flotilla leader . The destroyer was allocated the pennant number F57. The vessel formed part of the force led by Commodore Reginald Tyrwhitt that put out to intercept a flotilla of eleven destroyers of the Imperial German Navy, led by the flotilla leader , in the North Sea on 22 January 1917. Alongside fellow destroyers , and , Simoom was allocated to patrol the Schouwen Bank.
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During a confused night battle, the destroyer became separated from the rest of the German fleet. The lone destroyer surprised Simoom, which was leading the line of British vessels, in the early hours of the following day. Gunfire was exchanged, then S50 managed to unleash a torpedo which hit a magazine and a huge explosion engulfed Simoom. There were 47 casualties, the 43 survivors being rescued by , and the remains of the vessel were sunk by gunfire by Nimrod.
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HMS Simoom was a third-group S-class submarine and was ordered by the British Admiralty on 2 September 1940. She was laid down in the Cammell Laird Shipyard in Birkenhead on 14 July 1941 and launched on 12 October 1942.Akermann, p. 340 On 27 December 1942, Simoom, under the command of Lieutenant Christopher Henry Rankin, sailed from the shipbuilding yards to Holy Loch, where she was commissioned into the Royal Navy three days later.
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Hutton reveals he escaped captivity years ago and became "the Simoom", an infamous terrorist who sold classified information to criminals. He tortures Cooper, but Reddington arrives to rescue him and kill Hutton.
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The sound is named for HMS Simoom, 8 guns, Royal Navy troopship commanded by Captain John Kingcome, namesake of Kingcome Inlet and Rear Admiral of the Pacific Station 1863-1864 when the sound was named.
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A group in the Slave Market of Cairo. 240\. The Simoom in the desert. 241\. The Nilometer on the Island of Rhoda, Cairo. 242\. View on the Nile, Isle of Rhoda, and Ferry of Gheezeh. 243\.
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Augustin and the leopard, whom he names "Simoom," develop a strange and mysterious relationship, and he begins to mirror her behavior, living in the ruins of a lost city near the caves. Stripping naked, he paints his body with dirt and sand, seeking to resemble her golden-brown fur and its rosette-shaped markings. For a while, they are suspicious and competitive toward each other, but a bond has nevertheless been formed. Augustin finds himself jealous when Simoom goes to mate with another leopard, but she later returns to him.
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An exchange of fire followed, in which S50 was hit several times by British shells, but managed to torpedo the British destroyer . Nimrods division spotted the fighting and came up from the east, but S50 escaped in the confusion, returning to Germany. Nimrod and Matchless both attempted to take the stricken Simoom under tow, but these attempts failed, and Simoom was scuttled by gunfire from Matchless. On 10 February 1917, Matchless was escorting a convoy from the Netherlands to Britain when she spotted a submarine, possibly , and opened fire on the submarine, which dived away.
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Charles-Laurent Maréchal died in Bar-le-Duc in 1887. His son, Charles-Raphaël Maréchal (1818 Metz -1886 Paris), was a clever painter of genre. His ' Simoom,' 'Halt at Evening, and ' The Shipwrecked,' were exhibited in 1853 and 1857.
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Kingcome Inlet was named for Captain John Kingcome of the troopship HMS Simoom, later knighted, who was Rear Admiral in charge of the Pacific Station of the Royal Navy from 1863 to 1864 and whose flagship was HMS Sutlej.
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Twelve mines could be carried in lieu of the internally stowed torpedoes. They were also armed with a 3-inch (76 mm) deck gun.Chesneau, pp. 51–52 It is uncertain if Simoom was completed with a Oerlikon light AA gun or had one added later.
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V69, leader of the German flotilla, attempted a torpedo attack against the British cruisers, but was hit by British shells, jamming her rudder, which caused V69 to collide with , badly damaging both ships, although both survived. The flotilla managed to break contact under the cover of smoke screens, but S50 lost contact with the rest of the Flotilla. Her captain decided to proceed independently to Zeebrugge, but ran into four British destroyers (, , and ) off the Schouwen Bank shortly after 05:00 CET. In an exchange of gunfire, S50 hit Simoom several times and was herself hit by British shells before torpedoing and badly damaging Simoom.
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Operacja Samum is a 1999 Polish spy film directed by Władysław Pasikowski, starring Marek Kondrat, Bogusław Linda, and Olaf Lubaszenko. The film is a fictional account of Operation Simoom, a top secret Polish intelligence operation to withdraw CIA agents before the start of the Persian Gulf War.
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When Abdaldar arrives, he is stopped a simoom, a sand storm, and his magic ring is lost. Thalaba finds the ring, which grants him great power.Bernhardt-Kabisch 1977 pp. 85–86 A demon comes to steal the ring from Thalaba, but he is stopped by the young boy.
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On commissioning, Simoom joined the 12th Destroyer Flotilla of the Grand Fleet at Rosyth and served there until the end of World War I. The destroyer was allocated to screen the capital ships of the fleet and participated in a trial torpedo attack on the 2nd Battle Squadron in an exercise on 19 June 1918. After the conflict, the ship was moved to the 7th Destroyer Flotilla in the Home Fleet and then reduced to reserve in February 1920. Simoom was retired following the signing of the London Naval Treaty which limited total destroyer tonnage in the Navy. The destroyer was sold for scrap to Metal Industries, Limited at Charlestown on 8 January 1931.
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Terrible was laid down at HMNB Devonport on 13 November 1843 under the name HMS Simoom. She was renamed on 23 December 1842, and launched on 6 February 1845. She was constructed of Honduras mahogany, East India teak and well seasoned English oak. She had one deck more than Retribution.
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Simooms starboard (right) hydroplanes showed extensive damage, and it is now considered most likely that she hit a mine while on the surface.Heden, p. 244 Out of 15 torpedoes fired by Simoom during her career, all missed their intended targets, but three torpedoes hit and sank the Italian destroyer Vincenzo Gioberti instead.
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Echo Bay is an unincorporated settlement located on the west side of Gilford Island in the Broughton Archipelago on the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada. It is the location of the Simoom Sound post office, which used to be on the nearby Wishart Peninsula facing the sound of the same name.
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Illustration by "Wogel" for an early edition An unnamed narrator, estranged from his family and country, sets sail as a passenger aboard a cargo ship from Batavia (now known as Jakarta, Indonesia). Some days into the voyage, the ship is first becalmed then hit by a simoom (a combination of a sand storm and hurricane) that capsizes the ship and sends everyone except the narrator and an old Swede overboard. Driven southward by the magical simoom towards the South Pole, the narrator's ship eventually collides with a gigantic black galleon, and only the narrator manages to scramble aboard. Once aboard, the narrator finds outdated maps and useless navigational tools throughout the ship, the timbers of which seem somehow to have grown or expanded over time.
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" Walden (1854), by Henry David Thoreau, references a simoom; he uses it to describe his urge to escape something most unwanted. "There is no odor so bad as that which arises from goodness tainted. It is human, it is divine, carrion. If I knew for a certainty that a man was coming to my house with the conscious design of doing me good, I should run for my life, as from that dry and parching wind of the African deserts called the simoom, which fills the mouth and nose and ears and eyes with dust till you are suffocated, for fear that I should get some of his good done to me – some of its virus mingled with my blood.
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On March 6, 2012 Tolgfors received negative attention in the way he dealt with the issue concerning the so-called Project Simoom. Later the same day Tolgfors was registered by Gustav Fridolin to Constitution Committee on plans for a weapons factory in Saudi Arabia. A scandal ensued, and on March 29, 2012, Tolgfors resigned.
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Simoom ( samūm; from the root s-m-m, "to poison") is a strong, dry, dust-laden wind. The word is generally used to describe a local wind that blows in the Sahara, Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Iraq, Syria, and the deserts of Arabian Peninsula. Its temperature may exceed and the humidity may fall below 10%.
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The etymology of the word sundowner is uncertain, but it may derive from the Spanish term zonda, or from the Arabic simoom, which are both similar wind phenomena.. It is also typically the case that sundowner winds commence in the evening near sunset, when onshore sea breezes abate and offshore flows such as the sundowners pick up.
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Echo Bay Provincial Park sign Echo Bay Marine Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, established in 1971 and containing . It is located at the bay of the same name, offshore from the community of the same name, which is the location of the Simoom Sound post office and is on the west side of Gilford Island.
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Passion in the Desert, or Simoom: A Passion in the Desert, is a 1997 film from director Lavinia Currier based on the 1830 short story "A Passion in the Desert" by Honoré de Balzac. The film follows the ventures of a young French officer named Augustin Robert (Ben Daniels) in late 18th-century Egypt during Napoleon Bonaparte's campaign to capture the country.
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Captain George Alexander Waters (1820-1903) was a British Navy officer. He served on the Vixen, the Jupiter, the Simoom, and the Shannon, which he first commanded while Sir William Peel led the Naval Brigade, before taking permanent command. He was later Queen's Harbour Master, firstly at Malta and finally at Sheerness, before retiring in 1876. He is buried at Kensal Green Cemetery.
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Simoom was armed with three guns and a single 2-pounder (40 mm) "pom-pom" anti-aircraft gun. Torpedo armament was four torpedo tubes in two twin rotating mounts aft and two tubes mounted either side of the superstructure. Soon into service, the two smaller calibre torpedoes were removed as they proved ineffectual. Fire control included a training-only director, single Dumaresq and a Vickers range clock.
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The bond between Augustin and Simoom is then tested. He saves her from a group of lost French soldiers, who have wandered by and are aiming to kill her for food. Augustin, however, ultimately decides to return to his regiment rather than be branded a deserter or traitor. He dresses again in what is left of his uniform and bicorne and ties Simoon to a pole, but she escapes.
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The torpedoes, however, instead sank the Italian (it) with the loss of 171 men.Akermann, p. 351 Simoom was then counter-attacked with depth charges, but she evaded damage and returned to Algiers on 13 August after having been recalled. On 3 September, the submarine commenced another patrol in the western Mediterranean, with orders to act as a directional radio beacon during Operation Avalanche, the Allied landings near Salerno.
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Born the son of Captain Robert Lethbridge RN,Death The Maitland Mercury & Hunter River General Advertiser, 14 February 1893 Thomas Lethbridge joined the Royal Navy in 1843.William Loney RN Promoted to Captain in 1863, he commanded HMS Himalaya, HMS Simoom, HMS Trafalgar, HMS Northumberland, HMS Black Prince and then HMS Duncan. He was appointed Senior Officer, Coast of Ireland Station in 1883 and Commander-in-Chief, The Nore in 1888. He retired in 1890.
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Simoom was ordered from John Brown & Company of Clydebank in April 1917 as the first of 24 S-class destroyers. The S class were intended as a fast destroyer for service that would be cheaper than the large V-class destroyers that preceded them and so able to be procured in large numbers. The ship was long overall and between perpendiculars, with a beam of and a draught of . Displacement was standard.
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On the other hand, the summer temperature is exceedingly high, especially in the Oxus regions, where a shade maximum of is not uncommon. The summer heat is strong in the Sistan Basin, Jalalabad and Turkestan. The simoom wind occurs in Kandahar province during the summer. The hot season is rendered more intense by frequent dust storms and strong winds; whilst the bare rocky ridges that traverse the country, absorbing heat by day and radiating it by night, render the summer nights most oppressive.
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On 4 June 1943, Simoom, now under the command of Lieutenant Geoffrey D. N. Milner, departed Algiers to patrol west of Sardinia and Corsica. Her patrol was again uneventful, and she returned to port on 17 June having sighted only a few aircraft and no ships. Simooms next patrol started on 28 June, when she patrolled in the Tyrrhenian Sea to provide cover for the Allied landings in Sicily. On 13 July, she fired four torpedoes at an enemy convoy, but missed.
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Dust storm in Sahara, painted by George Francis Lyon A sandstorm can transport and carry large volumes of sand unexpectedly. Dust storms can carry large amounts of dust, with the leading edge being composed of a wall of thick dust as much as high. Dust and sand storms which come off the Sahara Desert are locally known as a simoom or simoon (sîmūm, sîmūn). The haboob (həbūb) is a sandstorm prevalent in the region of Sudan around Khartoum, with occurrences being most common in the summer.
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The remaining British ships still blocked S50s course to Zeebrugge, and S50 retired to the east and returned to Germany. Simoom was scuttled by later that day. In October 1917, Germany launched Operation Albion, an invasion of islands in the West Estonian archipelago to secure the left flank of the German Army following the German capture of Riga. The Germans assembled a powerful naval force to support the operation, reinforced by forces detached from the High Seas Fleet, including the 6th Torpedo Boat Flotilla.
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From Cambay, after a stay of ten days, he went to Áhmedábád in hot season of March 1618 and received the Rája of Ídar. In his memoir, he contented himself with abusing its sandy streets, calling the city the ‘abode of dust’ (gardábád). After an attack of fever his dislike grew stronger, and he was uncertain whether the ‘home of the simoom’ (samumistán), the ‘place of sickness’ (bímáristán), the ‘thorn brake’ (zakumdár), or ‘hell’ (jahánnamábád), was its most fitting name. Even the last title did not satisfy his dislike.
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It has been alleged that a "simoom" occurred on June 17, 1859 in Goleta and Santa Barbara, California. Local historian Walker Tompkins wrote that: > ...during the morning, the temperature hovered around the normal , but > around 1pm, strong super hot winds filled with dust began to blow from the > direction of the Santa Ynez Mountains to the north. By 2 pm, the temperature > supposedly reached . This temperature was said to have been recorded by an > official U.S. coastal survey vessel that was operating in the waters just > offshore, in the Santa Barbara Channel.
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Samūm ( also spelled Simoom or Semum; from the root s-m-m, "to poison") is a demon in Ancient Arabic lore and later Islamic beliefs. As a kind of fire, it is also the origin of some kinds of evil spirits and further identified with both the fires of hell and the fire of the sun. The Samum probably originated from Jewish lore as an anthropomorphization of poisonous wind, which was probably also the origin of the concept of Samael and his lesser devils.Löwinger, Adolf. “Der Windgeist Keteb.” Mitteilungen Zur Jüdischen Volkskunde, 26/27, 1924, pp. 157–170.
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Over time, the Order of Cetics on Simoom and other groups merged with the Order. Under the watchful eye of many Timekeepers (who, in fact, were actually the same person), the Order became an interworld educational institution, with schools spread throughout the human areas of the galaxy, with of course the prime academy at Neverness. The most glamorous and respected discipline of the order was the Pilots, and hence it was sometimes referred to as the Order of Pilots, but it also included many other disciplines ("More disciplines, it seems, each year"). 2934 years since the founding of Neverness, Mallory Ringess lead a schism against the conservative Timekeeper's rule.
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Project Simoom, as the investigation was called, led to the resignation of Defence minister Sten Tolgfors and the cancellation of the military cooperation with Saudi Arabia. The investigation won several national and international awards including, Prix Europa for Best European Radio Investigation and the American investigative reporters and editors (IRE) finest award "IRE medal". It was later turned into a book "Saudivapen" The movie rights are sold to Götafilm. In 2014 Daniel Öhman again in cooperation with Bo-Göran Bodin was awarded The Prix Europa for their documentary "The Insider", which revealed that the Ericsson corporation had used bribery to secure a defense contract in Greece.
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Sélim is traveling in the desert with his servant and newly wed wife, Margyane. Among violent storm (simoom), a desperate fight undertakes in the soul of Sélim between his love for Margyane and the promise he had made to Amgiad and underground spirits. He now confesses to her, asking for forgiveness, cursing his former folly and desire for riches, now conjuring his fidelity, pledging that he is determined, by all cost, to keep her instead. In the middle of his struggle, when he convinced her of his love (their second love duet), Amgiad appears suddenly, as previously under the disguise of the dervish, coming now to claim his prey.
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Project Simoom was the name of a business case involving the Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI) and Saudi Arabia, which aimed to build a propellant and explosives factory in Saudi Arabia to modify anti-tank weapon systems Details about the project were revealed to the public on 7 March 2012 by investigative journalists Daniel Öhman and Bo-Göran Bodin at the Swedish public radio broadcaster Sveriges Radio. The project was criticized for constituting a possible breach of Swedish arms trade laws, and for its secretive nature. It resulted in the resignation of Defence Minister Sten Tolgfors on 29 March 2012 and in FOI ending its participation in the project.
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The name came into Arabic from the Coptics who in turn transliterated it from the Greeks. Peinado, Miguel A. G. and Membrives, Eva M., Aspects of Literary Translation: Building Linguistic and Cultural Bridge in Past and Present, Germany: Gunter Narr Verlag, 2012. Ananiel was entrusted by God "all the trees of the earth, its plants, the rain, the dew, the heat, the simoom, the wind and as many [atmospheric phenomena] as there are in summer and winter."Peinado, Miguel A. G. and Membrives, Eva M., Aspects of Literary Translation: Building Linguistic and Cultural Bridge in Past and Present, Germany: Narr Francke Attempto Veriag GmbH + Co. KG, 2012.
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Critical response was mixed. The critic from The Referee said the film "placed Australian film production on a higher plane". A critic from a Dubbo newspaper stated that the film: > Has done a deal of harm by representing to the untravelled young Sydneyites > that the interior of the State is a vast, barren wilderness, where dust > storms rage which bury man and beast, and have all the stifling and > suffocating and poisonous effects of the African Simoom. But great as is the > harm done by exhibiting this picture to Sydney youth, that harm is as a mere > nothing compared to the false and harmful impressions that that would be > created abroad.
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Frustrated at first, he later learns that true love will not stop nor must one sacrifice to it one's personal destiny, since to do so robs it of truth. The boy then encounters a wise alchemist who also teaches him to realize his true self. Together, they risk a journey through the territory of warring tribes, where the boy is forced to demonstrate his oneness with "the soul of the world" by turning himself into a simoom before he is allowed to proceed. When he begins digging within sight of the pyramids, he is robbed yet again, but accidentally learns from the leader of the thieves that the treasure he sought all along was in the ruined church where he had his original dream.
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She saw service in the war, being assigned to Harwich Force. On the night of 23/24 January 1917, the Harwich Force was ordered to intercept a German destroyer flotilla that was being transferred from Germany to Zeebrugge, with Surprise part of a group of four destroyers (, Surprise, and ) patrolling off the Schouwen Bank. The German destroyers ran into a cruiser division, with the destroyers and heavily damaged, but the Germans managed to escape, and passed Surprises group of destroyers unobserved before reaching Zeebrugge. One German straggler, encountered Starfishs group. An exchange of fire followed, in which S50 was hit several times by British shells, but S50 managed to torpedo Simoom, which later sank, before escaping and returning to Germany.
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Originally it was intended to fit the 700 nhp Napier engineLambert, Andrew Battleships in Transition, the Creation of the Steam Battlefleet 1815–1860 page 127. This engine was instead fitted to the Duke of Wellington and made 1,979 ihp on trials. from the iron-frigate Simoom, but it was decided that as St Jean d'Acre was a new ship, they would order a new engine. She was therefore fitted with a 600 nhp Penn two-cylinder horizontal single-expansion trunk engine. The cylinders were 70.75 in diameter, with a stroke of 3.5 ft. On her Stokes Bay trials on 3 December 1853 the engine generated 2,136 ihp. In May 1854 she formed part of the Allied Fleet serving in the Baltic against Russia in the Crimean War. In 1855, she joined the fleet in the Black Sea. On 7 July 1855 Captain George King took command. In September 1856, St Jean d'Acre took Earl Granville to the coronation of Czar Alexander II at St Petersburg.
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A fragment of the past or a puff of opium – a familiar influence in the works and lives of contemporary artists such as De Quincey – gave Gautier the possibility of adding a brighter aura to his characters by setting them on the borderline between life and death from which all Egyptian art took nourishment. So as not to overwhelm his readers with terror, Gautier frequently appeals to irony, which has an anticlimactic effect. Irony serves the same function in the ballet, for example in the moment when Lord Wilson, the quintessence of Englishness, impassively attempts to sketch the scene of the desert disturbed by the simoom, or when Aspicia, after rising from the sarcophagus, looks into a mirror and is pleased to find herself as pretty as she was a few millennia before. The story called for an artist in the title role who had a special dramatic talent (as did Rosati), because of all the scenes of love, fear, and courage which culminated in Aspicia's attempt to cast herself onto a flower- basket hiding a snake, a classic gesture since Cleopatra's time.
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Khamsin, chamsin or hamsin ( ', derived from the Arabic word for "fifty"), more commonly known in Egypt as khamaseen ( ', ), is a dry, hot, sandy local wind affecting Egypt and Israel; similar winds, blowing in other parts of North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and the entire Mediterranean basin, have different local names, such as bad-i-sad-o-bist roz in Iran and Afghanistan, haboob in the Sudan, aajej in southern Morocco, ghibli in Tunis, harmattan in the western Maghreb, africo in Italy, sirocco (derived from the Arabic sharkiyya, “easterly”) which blows in winter over much of the Middle East,Philologos, Fifty Days and Fifty Nights, in The Forward, 4 April 2003. Accessed 18 May 2018 and simoom. From the Arabic word for "fifty", these dry, sand-filled windstorms blow sporadically in Egypt over a fifty-day period in spring, hence the name. The term is also used in the southern Levant (Israel, Palestine, Jordan), where the phenomenon takes a partly different form and blows both during spring and autumn.
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