298 Sentences With "short circuits" | Random Sentence Generator

Well, it short-circuits our ability to think clearly and in depth.

Electrical voltage spikes caused by a windshield washer pump can cause short circuits.

Even the streets are unruly: The grid that defines Manhattan short-circuits here.

The short circuits were noisier, they put out bigger plumes of flame-blue sparks.

When it encounters something that's not a human face, the algorithm effectively short circuits. Sad.

Fluffy milky concoction short circuits the brain's pleasure centers (but hopefully does not inspire murder).

Each short-circuits the other, and the result is too often bathos if not outright confusion.

My brain short-circuits, and I blurt out "Did you mean it?" without any kind of greeting.

Behavioral economists such as Dan Ariely say that "free" is incredibly seductive — it short-circuits our judgment.

" And on Saturday, he tweeted, "Anybody whose mind "SHORT CIRCUITS" is not fit to be our president!

When Franny tries to imagine her life without its ticker tape of calamities, her brain short-circuits.

When the positive and negative electrodes touch, it can sometimes lead to short circuits within the battery cells.

And that is actually more like the brain, which fortunately for us is all about clever short-circuits.

A federal charter short-circuits that fear, and establishes a set of common, enforceable standards of corporate conduct.

It's a critical reference tool that short circuits the bad information that word-of-mouth answers can spread.

The episode ends with BBA actually making contact with the television, where it then breaks and short circuits out.

The development short-circuits, yet again, the House effort to repeal the cornerstone domestic achievement of President Barack Obama.

Throughout the short are references to 8-bit video game design and short circuits in the world of electricity.

Koh said there were welding issues that led to contact between the positive and negative layers, resulting in short circuits.

When the sound isn't right with a pair of $73 headphones, that short-circuits any further discussion of their merits.

Hawaii Electric Light said a light dusting of ash and moisture on utility insulators could result in electrical short circuits.

"Allowing a single district court judge to issue a nationwide injunction against the government short circuits this process," Barr said.

This short-circuits arguments over how much additional labor is needed because you already have direct experience with the incremental costs.

In season 1, robot rancher Peter Abernathy (Louis Hertham) finds a photo of Juliet standing in Times Square and short-circuits.

Over time, this repeated contact wore down some of those cables, resulting in short-circuits that led to a handful of fires.

The trade also short-circuits Blake Griffin as a potential free-agent signing, since he and Porzingis operate at the same position.

We are willing to say there is something in a cigarette that we think short-circuits the way people naturally make decisions.

So what happens when a well-meaning babysitter puts the wrong batteries inside a family's Bop-It and short-circuits the toy?

Any tension that arises — like, if that lightning short-circuits your figurative desk lamp — is a sign you need new roles and goals.

The terminals on batteries not sealed in manufacturer packaging should be covered with tape and placed in separate bags to prevent short circuits.

In a pivotal moment on the show, an unsuspecting slow cooker short-circuits and ignites, effectively setting the entire Pearson family home ablaze.

Mr. Ruby's constant improvising short-circuits ceramics' chronological timeline: the formed and fired clay below, the applied and fired glaze, or glazes, above.

This contact could wear down those cables over time, and, in a few cases, it resulted in short-circuits that started the fires.

Debris on a completed aircraft is a serious quality problem that can pose significant safety threats on planes, including short circuits and fires.

Volkswagen is recalling 08003,20800 Passat sedans in the United States to fix insufficient cable insulation that could cause short circuits, it said on Friday.

Volkswagen is recalling 91,000 Passat sedans in the United States to fix insufficient cable insulation that could cause short circuits, it said on Friday.

And that was a world in which the tubes often blew, and bugs in the system were literal ones, namely insects that caused short circuits.

Claire short circuits it by filing a false claim against Randall, accusing him of being one of the attackers that hurt Mary in the alley.

" Wyand commented that herpes: "…short-circuits conversations between partners, and making the partner part of the prevention plan is key to risk reduction with herpes.

The paper quotes people familiar with the matter as saying that European regulators want wiring (which they regard as potentially hazardous) relocated to avoid short circuits.

The paper quotes people familiar with the matter as saying that European regulators want what they regard as potentially hazardous wiring relocated to avoid short circuits.

In narrative-heavy interactive works, the ability to be a jerk often feels like a pro forma concession to user agency that just short-circuits the experience.

The problem is a "potentially faulty" seal that could allow water to enter the battery compartment, creating risks of short-circuits or even a fire, Audi said.

The supernatural element short-circuits Lanthimos's pretensions of tragedy, and after its electrifying first hour, Killing loses it spark and narrows to a series of gruesome scenes.

Reichek short-circuits their polemic by remitting Poe's letter to a virginal state, before it was purloined, when it was still in the possession of the Queen.

The magic of the shame silo is that it short-circuits all of your reticence and wordlessly ushers you into a world filled with the buyable, fetishizable accoutrements.

This pressure can create a hole in the barrier separating the north and south poles of the battery which short circuits the battery and leads to the explosion.

This is where bedlam breaks open and the poor guy working the phones at WFAN probably short-circuits because he can't drink anything but Diet Coke to hydrate.

Instead, this Court short-circuits that ordinary process — and itself rejects the claim with little briefing and no argument — just so the State can meet its preferred execution date.

Instead, this court short-circuits that ordinary process -- and itself rejects the claim with little briefing and no argument -- just so the state can meet its preferred execution date.

Kyodo news agency reported that fire inspectors two months ago found that most of the building's tenants lacked evacuation gear as well as devices to warn of electrical short circuits.

When drugs failed, they endured an invasive and risky surgical procedure called ablation, during which doctors use a catheter to burn off each cell contributing to the heart's short circuits.

Assembling the project is easy and the included mounting box makes it easy to lay out your circuit and connect to to power without worrying about pinched wires or short-circuits.

Corrosion often takes time to become bad enough that connections are lost or short circuits emerge, so a car that seems otherwise undamaged may break down at a most inopportune time.

Los Angeles has a solid defense and two strong running backs, but there is little the team can do when Rivers short-circuits, forcing his defense back out onto the field.

It's just inevitable, at this point, that the device will be laid out by some future iOS update, or a touchscreen that short circuits after taking a spill on your bathroom tile.

In practice, this mostly amounts to running power lines and piping from production buildings into habitats, with a few redundant systems thrown in for the occasional malfunctions (like leaks or short-circuits).

But in the past few weeks, these people said, Federal Aviation Administration managers and engineers have concluded that the potentially hazardous layout violates wiring-safety standards intended to prevent dangerous short-circuits.

Were I less pragmatic, I might read these interventions as intentional, a kind of performance informing my entire experience of the exhibit, rather than a series of strange and surprising short circuits.

But the problem with the Civil Rights Act is that it didn't have the pre-clearance mechanism, which short-circuits all the racially discriminatory laws before they can gain traction and do damage.

Making use of legal documents and historical reports as well as metaphors, fake news, myths, and fantasies, Cheang short-circuits linear time and brings into the conversation characters from different eras and cultures.

The glass electrolytes can store more energy and are much more stable since they prevent the formation of dendrites—metallic projections that grow through liquid electrolyte layers and cause short circuits and explosions.

But their size makes them particularly sensitive to all radio waves, including those from cell phones, satellites, radar systems, spark plugs, microwaves, Wi-Fi, short circuits, and basically anything else that uses electricity or communicates.

The device has proper CE and FCC certifications, and there are safety features implemented in the device to protect from short circuits and hot spots (there is no risk of the battery starting a fire).

At the same time, it short-circuits some of the individual arcs' ideas, including a running theme of characters using petty crime (vandalism for Buster, theft for Qualls' character) to get back at systems they resent.

Auto-enrollment might be convenient, but it short circuits one of the most important choices to be made when signing up for Medicare - whether to go with traditional fee-for-service Medicare, or an Advantage plan.

Two years ago, consumer electronics giant Samsung suffered one of the worst technology recalls in recent times when faulty batteries in its Galaxy Note 7 handsets caught fire due to short circuits within the battery cells.

There's a definite haunted house vibe, and a game-within-the-game, none of which matters in the end because the technology was so powerful that it basically short-circuits his brain and kills him within seconds.

Circuit breakers don't just drag building owners into their basements to squint at electrical panels, they're slow enough that they still allow lots of short circuits and arc flashes, which can destroy property and even kill people.

" RELATED: Trump escalates attacks on Clinton's character But before taking the stage in New Hampshire, Trump previewed the "short-circuit" line of attack online, tweeting earlier Saturday that "anybody whose mind 'SHORT CIRCUITS' is not fit to be our president!

In year's past but significantly so this season, it short-circuits activity leading up to the trade deadline, allowing teams that can otherwise afford to part ways with a long-term asset the opportunity to add players without any risk.

What I love about Waldrop are the enigmas and paradoxes on every page, the belief that language is most beautiful when it slips or falters, and the sense that these linguistic short circuits most often happen in urgent verbal exchange.

"[Wraithmachine], the second album of the Datacode project relies on the story of the first LP, error-0x17, that speaks of a hypothetical working system that at some point short-circuits and begins to create multiple errors of data," Datacode tells Creators.

Samsung officially concludes that the faulty and exploding batteries in its Note 7 smartphones were due to flaws in the design and manufacturing of the batteries The details: Specifically, Samsung blames a design flaw in the batteries from one its manufacturers, which caused short circuits.

What the settlement means For Acosta, who declined to comment Monday, the settlement short-circuits a trial that could have proved embarrassing as accusers who feel they were denied justice by the plea agreement would have taken the stand to tell graphic stories of Epstein's alleged abuse.

These days, though, short of a 9/11-scale event that short circuits partisan politics, the simple fact that Obama stands on one side and millions of people stand on another puts a relatively shallow ceiling on how much acclaim he or anyone else can plausibly expect.

Likewise, interior immigration enforcement has become more aggressive and punitive than under Barack Obama — but this increase in arrests has already run into a bureaucratic and judicial backlog that will make mass deportation impossible unless Trump actually short-circuits the judicial process … which, to date, he conspicuously has not.

First and most importantly, because semiconductors react so much faster than mechanical switches, they are much safer, effectively eliminating short circuits and arc flash, as demonstrated in this video: (Every product looks cooler with a metal soundtrack.) Digital circuit breakers can even anticipate and thwart faults before they happen.

Maybe it is possible that Sanders just pulled this wacky plan out of thin air and has decided to repeatedly raise it despite being heavily criticized each time, that a senator who has otherwise seemed like a pretty skilled politician suddenly short-circuits whenever foreign policy comes up.

THE HEAVENS By Sandra Newman The dream that summons an event, the premonition, the unsettling flicker of déjà vu — are these experiences merely cerebral short circuits, synapses firing like random pinballs through our brains, or a signal that time operates with far more capaciousness than we might dare to imagine?

I'm just, I'm hearing what you're saying and I'm thinking, and one of my responses to this whole outcry over Open Casket is it completely short circuits the other paintings that are in the biennial that speak to the modern problem of, I don't know, Henry Taylor had a piece in the biennial of Philando Castile that was eerily reminiscent of another painting.

In effect, the CRA short-circuits the normal process of democracy, allowing Congress to pass a special kind of bill known as a "resolution of disapproval" to repeal recently completed regulations without committee hearings, floor debates, conference committees, and most notably, the now-standard 85033-vote threshold in the Senate – the very procedures meant to ensure that legislation is carefully vetted and accountable to the people.

The neon sign saying "Motel Hello" fully short- circuits, permanently darkening the "O".

They fire a concentrated bolt of electricity that short-circuits electronics, unlocks binders and electrocutes humans.

Inside, almost nothing on view dwarfs the body, addles the brain or short-circuits the senses.

However, it is possible for short circuits to arise between neutral and earth conductors, and between two conductors of the same phase. Such short circuits can be dangerous, particularly as they may not immediately result in a large current and are therefore less likely to be detected. Possible effects include unexpected energisation of a circuit presumed to be isolated. To help reduce the negative effects of short circuits, power distribution transformers are deliberately designed to have a certain amount of leakage reactance.

Polymer electrolytes are promising for minimizing the dendrite formation of lithium. Polymers are supposed to prevent short circuits and maintain conductivity.

A number of manufacturing difficulties plagued early GEMs, including non-uniformity and short circuits, but these have to a large extent been resolved.

Tests are carried out periodically or during major external events like short circuits and results compared against the initial signature to test for any problems.

High current conditions may also occur with electric motor loads under stalled conditions, such as when the impeller of an electrically driven pump is jammed by debris; this is not a short, though it may have some similar effects. In electrical devices, unintentional short circuits are usually caused when a wire's insulation breaks down, or when another conducting material is introduced, allowing charge to flow along a different path than the one intended. In mains circuits, short circuits may occur between two phases, between a phase and neutral or between a phase and earth (ground). Such short circuits are likely to result in a very high current and therefore quickly trigger an overcurrent protection device.

In 2006, City High's FIRST Robotics team, The Short Circuits, number 1743, won the Pittsburgh Regionals and in April went on to the Nationals in Atlanta, Georgia. Other awards they received at the Pittsburgh Regionals were the Rookie Inspiration Award and the Highest Rookie Seed Award. The team was sponsored by NASA, NOVA Chemicals, Bally Design, and Monte Cello's. In 2007 the Short Circuits entered the competition again in the Pittsburgh and Cleveland Regionals.

A residual- current circuit breaker cannot remove all risk of electric shock or fire. In particular, an RCD alone will not detect overload conditions, phase-to-neutral short circuits, phase-to-phase short circuits (see three-phase electric power) or loss of PEN conductor in TN-C systems. Over-current protection (fuses or circuit breakers) must be provided. Circuit breakers that combine the functions of an RCD with overcurrent protection respond to both types of fault.

Where metallic plating is used as a resist, it can "overhang" which can cause short-circuits between adjacent traces when closely spaced. Overhang can be removed by wire-brushing the board after etching.

The room was abandoned and sealed. Short circuits spread. Electrical equipment was disabled. A hole was burned in the top of the Number Two main ballast tank and lines from two air banks were severed.

Whiskers can be small enough to pass through air filters and can settle inside equipment, resulting in short circuits and system failure. Tin whiskers don't have to be airborne to damage equipment, as they are typically already growing in an environment where they can produce short circuits. At frequencies above 6 GHz or in fast digital circuits, tin whiskers can act like miniature antennas, affecting the circuit impedance and causing reflections. In computer disk drives they can break off and cause head crashes or bearing failures.

Lojek, p. 274. Widlar increased the μA709's voltage gain tenfold over that of the μA702 (70,000 vs. 7,000), and improved output performance with a push-pull output stage, although the output lacked protection against short circuits.

This limiting load line, generally referred to as the AC load line, is the load line of the circuit at "infinite frequency", and can be found by replacing capacitors with short circuits, and inductors with open circuits.

He also appears as the shop keeper when playing as Bass in Mega Man 10. Archie Comic's adaptation of Mega Man has him play a more prominent role, usually mocking Dr. Wily's various failures in the "Short Circuits" section.

Short Circuits (Slovene: Kratki stiki) is a 2006 Slovene film directed by Janez Lapajne. It was Slovenia's submission to the 80th Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, but was not accepted as a nominee.

In March 2011, the FDA determined that Toxic Waste Short Circuits bubble gum brand products imported into the U.S. from Pakistan had amounts of lead that exceeded FDA-allowable levels. The FDA determined that the product had 0.189 parts per million of lead.

Further, a GE software package called PSLF (Positive Sequence Load Flow) and a Siemens software package called PSSE (Power System Simulation for Engineering) analyzes load flow on the power system for short-circuits and stability during preliminary planning studies by RTOs and ISOs.

There have been over 270 recorded competitor deaths in the Isle of Man since 1910. Some Isle of Man deaths are included directly below, as the races carried World Championship status until a British Grand Prix was established on short-circuits from 1977.

Superkarts race on "long circuits"CIK-FIA 2011 circuit regulation - CIK-FIA, Part 1: Article 6 (e.g. Silverstone, Laguna Seca, Magny-Cours). In the UK they also race on "short circuits"Race results & reports for all gearbox classes - 8 July 2007 - Kimbolton (e.g.

In races on short circuits the commissaires may perform their duties from the side of the road rather than in the convoy. In areas where races are run on the open road or with minimal closures, commissaires may need to liaise with law enforcement.

Before the guests arrive, a fuse in the cellar short-circuits causing a blackout. The stage is instantly illuminated. As Brindsley and Carol search for matches, the phone rings and Brindsley answers. It is his previous mistress Clea, who has just returned from Finland.

Short Circuits: Calibre DOA: Accessed 27 July 2009 He soon came to the attention of drum and bass DJ Fabio, who signed Calibre to his record label, Creative Source.Dominick drums up an act of a first-class Calibre Belfast Telegraph: Accessed 6 September 2009 While studying Fine Arts at the University of Ulster in Belfast, he became interested in the music of John Cage whose work was influential in titling Martin's first album release Musique Concrète in 2001. Since his initial releases in 2001, Martin has been known for his consistent signature style and sound. Short Circuits Magazine refers to him as "one of the quietest people in drum and bass".

The work is well noted for its dark and uncompromisingly obtuse sound structure. Once again White’s music was published on Limelight Records. These recording were followed by “Short Circuits” (on Angel Records), and its French reissue “Klassik o’tilt” (on EMI), released respectively in 1970 and 1971.

Circuit breakers and fuses disconnect when current exceeds a predetermined safe level. However they cannot sense other critical faults, such as unbalanced currents—for example, when a transformer winding contacts ground. By themselves, circuit breakers and fuses cannot distinguish between short circuits and high levels of electrical demand.

The wire ends should be stripped . Shorter stripped wires might result in bad contact with the board's spring clips (insulation being caught in the springs). Longer stripped wires increase the likelihood of short-circuits on the board. Needle-nose pliers and tweezers are helpful when inserting or removing wires, particularly on crowded boards.

Martin was a dancer in the scenes choreographed by Margaret Scott in the controversial 1970 documentary The Naked Bunyip. Martin choreographed the dance for '2 Short Circuits' by Carl Vine, his first work commissioned by the West Australian Ballet Company Also in 1971 Martin joined the Australian Dance Theatre tour to Taipei, Taiwan.

A very flexible coating of an insulator is often applied to electric wire and cable, this is called insulated wire. Wires sometimes don't use an insulating coating, just air, since a solid (e.g. plastic) coating may be impractical. However, wires that touch each other produce cross connections, short circuits, and fire hazards.

If local conditions are appropriate, an overhead line can be implemented by way of a valley bridge. For example, the Koersch valley bridge near Esslingen, Germany carries the 110 kV, three-phase line of the EnBW AG with 2 circuits. Because of the danger of short circuits from falling objects, undercrossings are typically avoided.

After a pitched battle, Electro is about to deliver the killing shot on the beaten and exhausted Peter. But before he can strike, Electro is shot three times from behind by Aunt May. He 'short circuits' in a massive electrical surge, taking out Kraven, Sandman and Vulture.Ultimate Spider-Man #157–159 (June–July 2011).

Further, a GE software package called PSLF (Positive Sequence Load Flow), a Siemens software package called PSSE (Power System Simulation for Engineering) and Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) by Operation Technology Inc.Operation Technology Inc. analyzes load flow on the power system for short-circuits and stability during preliminary planning studies by RTOs and ISOs.

Over a thousand commercial flights were cancelled following airport closures. Fine-grained, gritty ash caused substantial problems for internal combustion engines and other mechanical and electrical equipment. The ash contaminated oil systems and clogged air filters, and scratched moving surfaces. Fine ash caused short circuits in electrical transformers, which in turn caused power blackouts.

Peco Streamline is for the more experienced modeller. The range includes a wider variety of points and crossings, at different radii. Most of these are available with 'live' (metal) or insulating (plastic) frogs. The "Electrofrog" points require more complex wiring, to avoid short-circuits, but are designed to give more reliable operation of locomotives.

The cold snap had been forecast and British Rail had claimed to be ready for the coming snow. However the snow was unusually soft and powdery and too deep to be cleared by snowploughs – it needed snowblowers. The snow found its way into electrical systems and caused short circuits and traction motor damage in trains.Gourvish 2002, p. 274.

When closed, these then show unacceptably high resistance; they may also migrate and cause shorts. Tin whiskers can form on tin-coated metals like the internal side of the packagings; loose whiskers then can cause intermittent short circuits inside the packaging. Cables, in addition to the methods described above, may fail by fraying and fire damage.

A horde of Itchy and Scratchy robots advances on the Simpsons. While frantically throwing things to repel them, Homer discovers a camera flash short-circuits the robots' systems and immobilizes them. The Simpsons grab dozens of cameras from a gift shop and defeat the entire Itchy & Scratchy army. Employees thank the Simpsons for saving the park.

Mickey Rourke, a collaborator and friend of Cimino's, believes the director “snapped” sometime during the making of The Sunchaser. “Michael is the sort of person that if you take away his money he short-circuits,” Rourke says. “He is a man of honor.” Rourke did not say how or why Cimino “snapped.”Garbarino, Steve (March 2002).

Simplified schematic of a Meacham's bridge oscillator published in Bell System Technical Journal, Oct 1938. Unmarked capacitors have enough capacitance to be considered short circuits at signal frequency. Unmarked resistors and inductor are considered to be appropriate values for biasing and loading the vacuum tube. Node labels in this figure are not present in the publication.

Simplified schematic of a Wien bridge oscillator from Hewlett’s US patent 2,268,872. Unmarked capacitors have enough capacitance to be considered short circuits at signal frequency. Unmarked resistors are considered to be appropriate values for biasing and loading the vacuum tubes. Node labels and reference designators in this figure are not the same as used in the patent.

Once Bugs gets to the castle (labeled "evil scientist" in neon lights) the evil scientist locks the door behind him. Bugs turns to him and says, "You don't need to lock that door, mac. I don't wanna leave." He proceeds to kiss the mechanical rabbit's hand, when suddenly the robot short- circuits and breaks into pieces.

Nest predation is often as high - in one study 70% of the clutches laid were depredated. In addition, Trachylepis spilogaster (Kalahari Tree Skink) associate with the nests. Trees with nests appear to host more skinks than trees without nests. Nests built in electricity poles sometimes cause short circuits in the rainy season and can catch fire in the dry season.

Deadfacing or dead-facing is the practice of removing power from an electrical circuit prior to mating or demating the interface of the circuit., p. 2. Deadfacing is used to prevent short circuits, as well as arcing that could damage circuitry, present a shock hazard, or introduce molten metal into the area of the circuit, or that could potentially trigger an explosion.

They are known to chew through electrical insulation which causes damage to electric motors, irrigation lines, pumps, signal boxes, transformers, telephone exchanges, and other equipment. Colonies aggregate near electrical fields and are capable of causing short circuits or interfering with switches and equipment such as air conditioners, computers, and water pumps. They are also known to infest airport landing areas and traffic lights.

Electrician's Mates stand watch on generators, switchboards, control equipment and electrical equipment; operate and perform organizational and intermediate maintenance on power and lighting circuits, electrical fixtures, motors, generators, voltage and frequency regulators, controllers, distribution switchboards and other electrical equipment; test for short circuits, ground or other casualties; and rebuild electrical equipment, including solid state circuitry elements, in an electrical shop.

It removes the core element from its slot and Moonbase goes dead —- lights dim, air purification and circulation ceases and the temperature begins to drop. Verdeschi attempts to block the robot's exit, only to end up with a shattered knee. The Maya/Bee enters the ear into the creature's head, where she finds an array of complicated circuitry. She moves across the electronics, causing myriad short- circuits.

Lithium metal dendrite from the anode piercing through the separator and growing towards the cathode. Solid lithium (Li) metal anodes in solid-state batteries are replacement candidates in lithium-ion batteries for higher energy densities, safety, and faster recharging times. Such anodes tend to suffer from the formation and the growth of Li dendrites. Dendrites penetrate the separator between the anode and the cathode causing short circuits.

Two train fires occurred on the Central line in 1958 and 1960, due to electrical short circuits in the trains causing arcing. In both cases the trains had to be evacuated in the tunnels and passengers and crew suffered from smoke inhalation. One passenger died in the Holland Park fire on 28 July 1958. There were no fatalities in the Redbridge fire on 11 August 1960.

Due to short circuits that took place in III and VII compartments simultaneously at a depth of 120 m, a fire spread through the air-conditioning system. Both nuclear reactors were shut down.Inventory of accidents and losses at sea involving radioactive material, International Atomic Energy Agency 2001, online pdf version The captain ordered his entire crew to abandon ship but was countermanded once a towing vessel arrived.

The harbour, however, was not closed and transport services were not affected. Following the earthquake, electrical problems such as blackouts and short circuits were immediately reported across South Halmahera. Officials from the Government-owned electrical company (PLN) stated that several power plants suffered some damage in the quake. 6 days after the earthquake, officials announced that approximately 99% of electricity had been restored to the affected areas.

As the machine is righted the aviator comes back to an upright position, and the ailerons become level once more. There are other controls which the pilot must operate consciously. In the Curtiss machine these are levers moved by the feet. With a pressure of the right foot he short-circuits the magneto, thus cutting off the spark in the engine cylinders and stopping the motor.

A bouncing robot who only appears in "Tigger Gets Bounced." Rabbit built Springs to replace Tigger's bouncing. Tigger and Springs compete in a bouncing contest that ends with Springs winning, which gratefully hurts Tigger's feelings. After Beaver foolishly tries to use Springs to mash dirty water (even though Rabbit warns him that Springs isn't supposed to get wet), Springs then short circuits and becomes hostile.

Between the anode and the cathode lies the electrolyte which contains a separator. The main function of the separator is to keep the cathode and anode separated, to avoid electrical short circuits. This system as a whole, allows for a flow of protons (H+) and electrons (e-) which ultimately generates electricity. In the anode the sugar is broken down, producing both electrons and protons.

Athena is revealed to be a gynoid built by Drakken, specifically for this. As Kim short-circuits the transfer machine, Dr. Drakken is de-aged into a pre-adolescent version of himself. Despite Kim's insistence that she save herself, Athena stays behind to turn off the now-unstable machine. The lair explodes and Athena is presumed killed, but it is revealed that she has survived the explosion.

Wiring regulations usually define a maximum fuse current rating for particular circuits. Short circuits, overloading, mismatched loads, or device failure are the prime or some of the reasons for fuse operation. A fuse is an automatic means of removing power from a faulty system; often abbreviated to ADS (Automatic Disconnection of Supply). Circuit breakers can be used as an alternative to fuses, but have significantly different characteristics.

Kimbolton), "short circuits" are under 1,500 metres in length.Specific Regulations for Karting - Motor Sports Association (MSA), Circuits Superkarts are raced worldwide. There is a multi-event CIK-FIA European Superkart Championship (for 250 cc karts only),CIK-FIA 2011 Karting Technical Regulations - CIK-FIA, Article 9: Specific Regulations for Superkart and there has in the past been a World Championship, which was last run in 1995.

New Testament scholar N. T. Wright criticises Lewis for failing to recognise the significance of Jesus' Jewish identity and setting – an oversight which "at best, drastically short-circuits the argument" and which lays Lewis open to criticism that his argument "doesn't work as history, and it backfires dangerously when historical critics question his reading of the gospels", although he believes this "doesn't undermine the eventual claim".

While no solid-state batteries have reached the market, multiple groups are researching this alternative. The notion is that solid-state designs are safer because they prevent dendrites from causing short circuits. They also have the potential to substantially increase energy density because their solid nature prevents dendrite formation and allows the use of pure metallic lithium anodes. They may have other benefits such as lower temperature operation.

Peter, meanwhile, is assigned to tutor a popular girl named Liz Allan. He is attempting to teach her science in a café when an angry Max enters and accidentally short circuits the power. Max leaves; Peter, believing him to be dangerous, pursues him as Spider-Man. Peter manages to photograph Max and remove his mask; Max, enraged, attacks, but flees while Peter is distracted by a phone call from Aunt May.

After an apprenticeship on short circuits, the teenage Dunlop made his road race debut at the 1979 Temple 100. His first appearance at the Cookstown 100 came in 1980, riding a 347 cm3 Yamaha. His first professional race, where he was fully sponsored was at Aghadowey in 1981. Dunlop then began a record breaking run at the Cookstown 100, where his first win came in the 1985 250 cm3 race.

Therefore, the tracks were generally separated from roads and trespassing was prohibited. At railroad crossings the rails were dead or switched on only briefly before the approach of the tramcar. Nevertheless, persons and horses frequently received electrical shocks. It is also believed that young persons caused short circuits which shut down the operation by putting wire mesh on the tracks, in order to enjoy the sight of glowing metal.

Tommy Robb (born 14 October 1934) is a former Grand Prix motorcycle road racer from Northern Ireland. Robb began riding in trials and scrambles during 1950. His first event was a road time-trial riding a 197 cc James. He then competed on Irish grasstracks, winning six national titles and a 25-mile sand race between 1954 and 1956, before turning to short circuits on tarmac and road- racing.

The short-circuits preventing flooding from being indicated on the control board. The Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate did not publicly release information about this failure until 1993. The Ågesta reactor, with 10 MW, was much smaller than the later Swedish reactor types. The reactor was part of a project called "the Swedish line" (Svenska Linjen), an international initiative to use natural uranium (not enriched) for fuel in commercial power plants.

4–5 At microwave frequencies, none of the transfer matrices based on port voltages and currents are convenient to use in practice. Voltage is difficult to measure directly, current next to impossible, and the open circuits and short circuits required by the measurement technique cannot be achieved with any accuracy. For waveguide implementations, circuit voltage and current are entirely meaningless. Transfer matrices using different sorts of variables are used instead.

Amplifiers also typically provide protection against short circuits across the output and overheating. Audio engineers select amplifiers that provide enough headroom. "Headroom" refers to the amount by which the signal-handling capabilities of an audio system exceed a designated nominal level. Headroom can be thought of as a safety zone allowing transient audio peaks to exceed the nominal level without damaging the system or the audio signal, e.g.

The logic board used "fineline" technology that was not fully mature at the time, with narrow, closely spaced traces. When chips were "stuffed" into the board and wave-soldered, solder bridges would form between traces that were not supposed to be connected. This caused numerous short circuits, which required hours of costly diagnosis and hand rework to fix. Apple designed a new circuit board with more layers and normal-width traces.

Page conducted a full test, intending to run the 21,000 pound locomotive from Washington DC to Baltimore and back with passengers on board, but problems immediately arose. High voltage sparks, resulting from the effect Page had investigated with the spiral conductor, broke through the insulation of the electrical coils, resulting in short circuits. Many of the battery's fragile clay dividers cracked on starting up; others broke down during operation.

When creating soldered connections, it is possible to melt the dielectric between pins or wires. This can cause problems because the thermal conductivity of metals causes heat to quickly distribute through the cable and connector, and when this heat melts plastic dielectric, it can cause short circuits or "flared" (conical) insulation. Solder joints are also more prone to mechanical failure than crimped joints when subjected to vibration and compression.

NiMH batteries of bipolar design (bipolar batteries) are being developed because they offer some advantages for applications as storage systems for electric vehicles. The solid polymer membrane gel separator could be useful for such applications in bipolar design. In other words, this design can help to avoid short-circuits occurring in liquid-electrolyte systems.Cai, Z. Possible application of novel solid polymer membrane gel separator in nickel/metal hydride battery.

Ni/MH batteries of bipolar design (bipolar batteries) are being developed because they offer some advantages for applications as storage systems for electric vehicles. This solid polymer membrane gel separator could be useful for such applications in bipolar design. In other words, this design can help to avoid short-circuits occurring in liquid-electrolyte systems. Inorganic polymer separators have also been of interest as use in lithium-ion batteries.

Itom 50cc racing motorcycle Ivy started racing motorbikes at Brands Hatch, Kent, UK in 1959. His first race bike was a 50cc Itom. Entering his first TT race in 1962 on a Chisholm Itom,Classic 50 Racing Club Entries List, 1962 TT race . Retrieved 2 June 2013 he later progressed to ride a variety of machinery on UK short circuits including Honda, Bultaco, Yamaha, Norton, Cotton, and Matchless machines.

The clock radio suddenly starts playing "We've Only Just Begun", a hit song by The Carpenters and the digital display changes to a countdown starting from "60:00." Mike begins to see ghosts of the room's past victims, followed by flashbacks of Katie and his sick father. Mike tries to leave, but all attempts are in vain. Mike uses his laptop to contact Lily, asking for help, but the sprinkler system short circuits his laptop.

Via hole equivalent circuit The design of the fence needs to consider the size and spacing of the vias. Ideally, vias should act as short circuits, but they are not ideal and a via equivalent circuit can be modelled as a shunt inductance. Sometimes, a more complex model is required such as the equivalent circuit shown in figure 4. L1 is due to the inductance of the pads and C is the capacitance between them.

He was also the author of the four-book Elliott Smith Paranormal Mystery series. In addition to his two series, he had a stand-alone gay western/romance/adventure novel, Calico, aimed at young adults and traditional western buffs; Short Circuits: A Life in Blogs; Dreams of a Calico Mouse, a book of poetry; and A World Ago: a Navy Man's Letters Home, 1954-1956. All his books are in the process of becoming audiobooks.

In order to buy Lewis time, Malloy fights the Doomtrooper, cutting off its hand, even though the Doomtrooper was uninjured by bullets and missiles. Meanwhile, Lewis short circuits the power but is electrocuted. After being thrown by the Doomtrooper, Malloy picks up two electrical cables and jams them under the creature's helmet, killing it. Malloy, Mariette and an injured, but alive, Digger barely escapes the castle as it crumbles down around them.

Professional single-day race distances may be as long as . Courses may run from place to place or comprise one or more laps of a circuit; some courses combine both, i.e., taking the riders from a starting place and then finishing with several laps of a circuit (usually to ensure a good spectacle for spectators at the finish). Races over short circuits, often in town or city centres, are known as criteriums.

I. Salisbury, AVX, Thermal Management of Surface Mounted Tantalum Capacitors Vishay, Application Notes, AC Ripple Current, Calculations Solid Tantalum Capacitors KEMET, Ripple Current Capabilities, Technical Update 2004 Exceeding the limit tends to result in catastrophic failures with short circuits and burning components. The heat generated by the ripple current also influences the lifetime of aluminum and tantalum electrolytic capacitors with solid polymer electrolytes. Exceeding the limit tends to result in catastrophic failures with short components.

At high overcharge currents, electrolysis of water occurs, expelling hydrogen and oxygen gas through the battery's valves. Care must be taken to prevent short circuits and rapid charging. Constant voltage charging is the usual, most efficient and fastest charging method for VRLA batteries, although other methods can be used. VRLA batteries may be continually float charged at around 2.18-2.27 volts per cell at 25 °C, depending on the type and battery manufacturer specifications.

Infestations of Nylanderia fulva in electrical equipment can cause short circuits, sometimes because the ants chew through insulation and wiring. Overheating, corrosion, and mechanical failures also result from accumulations of dead ants and nest detritus in electrical devices.Computers at risk from Crazy Raspberry ants, Techworld, 16 May 2008. If an ant is electrocuted, it can release an alarm pheromone in dying, which causes other ants to rush over and search for attackers.

Jacques Boutault introduced organic food in school canteens from 2001. In 2017, 96% of the food served to students in school restaurants in the 2nd arrondissement is organic (or labeled Label Rouge or Responsible Fishing). Short circuits are preferred, and the municipality prohibits food from GMO crops, palm oil and fish caught in deep water. Since 2009, a vegetarian, organic and local meal has been served every week for all students of the 2nd lunch in the canteen.

Lumped element circuits can be directly converted to distributed- element circuits of this form by the use of Richards' transformation. This transformation has a particularly simple result; inductors are replaced with transmission lines terminated in short-circuits and capacitors are replaced with lines terminated in open-circuits. Commensurate line theory is particularly useful for designing distributed-element filters for use at microwave frequencies. It is usually necessary to carry out a further transformation of the circuit using Kuroda's identities.

The Homeostat is one of the first devices capable of adapting itself to the environment; it exhibited behaviours such as habituation, reinforcement and learning through its ability to maintain homeostasis in a changing environment. It was built by William Ross Ashby in 1948 at Barnwood House Hospital. After a few technical hiccups with short-circuits causing burn-outs, the homeostat was finally completed on 16 March 1948.The W. Ross Ashby Digital Archive, Journals, vol.11, p2435.

Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 30% of 33 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating was 5.27/10. The site's summary states of the film: "beautiful to look at but narratively hollow, Autómata short-circuits its handful of intriguing ideas with an overload of sci-fi clichés." Metacritic rated it 37/100 based on 13 reviews. Jay Weissberg of Variety called it "a dystopic mess" that borrows from numerous science fiction films.

The large crystal device atop the capital's large pyramid, the main power source for the entire continent, is inundated with sea water, short-circuits, and a massive explosion follows. The skies suddenly clear. Various groups of survivors, including Demetrios and Antillia, flee to Greece and other parts of the world, where they are absorbed into other cultures, and the Legend of Atlantis is spread through the many peoples and nations that follow down through the centuries.

This made the DMS Isobarik very hard for amplifiers to drive, potentially causing many amplifiers' output protection to trip. Equally, the two heavy woofers in each Isobarik made them twice as power-hungry. Such demands happened to make Naim amplification the perfect match because of its high current delivery capabilities and its toleration of near short circuits. The Isobarik was famously used as the acid test for the budget-priced NAD 3020 amplifier at its UK launch.

Along with buildings in danger of collapsing, the fire services department has fixed its gaze on structures in Burrabazar that can catch fire any moment because of faulty wiring. According to fire service officials, most of the 50-odd fires that broke out in the trade hub in 2005 were caused by short circuits, a consequence of faulty connections. At least 500 buildings in Burrabazar can be described as fire hazards. A disaster can strike any day.

With help from Rithika and Mani, he gets a button camera to livestream his conversation with Dharmaraj. Ravi's plan goes well, until a sweat droplet short circuits the electronic circuit, spoiling the whole plan. Left with no other means to prove his ownership of the statue, Ravi suddenly gets reminded of a group-photo taken by Nikitha during his school days and tries to retrieve it from Nikitha. However, Thiyagesh accidentally destroys the photo negative, erasing any proof.

The hazards include electric shock, electrocution, burns from accidental short circuits, and damage to the attached equipment. Where electrical safety is an issue, sheathed plugs and sockets are used. These plugs have fixed or sliding sheaths or other devices to protect the user from accidental contact with live conductors, but are still largely compatible with the original design. When inserted, the sheaths of the plug and socket overlap fully, ensuring that no live metal is exposed.

In 1969 errors in operating procedures caused a valve to fail leaking 400 cubic metres of cooling water. This overloaded the drainage system and caused short-circuits throughout the plant. The water short-circuited the Emergency Core Coolant System resulting in high pressure heavy water leaking out of the core and into the piping of the ECCS. The water caused one of the main busbars for one of the generators to short, shutting down a turbine.

A short circuit fault current can, within milliseconds, be thousands of times larger than the normal operating current of the system. Damage from short circuits can be reduced or prevented by employing fuses, circuit breakers, or other overload protection, which disconnect the power in reaction to excessive current. Overload protection must be chosen according to the current rating of the circuit. Circuits for large home appliances require protective devices set or rated for higher currents than lighting circuits.

The nano-SIM (or 4FF) card was introduced on 11 October 2012, when mobile service providers in various countries started to supply it for phones that supported the format. The nano-SIM measures and reduces the previous format to the contact area while maintaining the existing contact arrangements. A small rim of isolating material is left around the contact area to avoid short circuits with the socket. The nano-SIM is thick, compared to the of its predecessors.

A particular danger to electronic items, regardless of the stated operating humidity range, is condensation. When an electronic item is moved from a cold place (e.g. garage, car, shed, an air conditioned space in the tropics) to a warm humid place (house, outside tropics), condensation may coat circuit boards and other insulators, leading to short circuit inside the equipment. Such short circuits may cause substantial permanent damage if the equipment is powered on before the condensation has evaporated.

It is not intended as a general "hook" or "upcall" mechanism, nor does it support Operating system-level virtualization. LSM's access control goal is very closely related to the problem of system auditing, but is subtly different. Auditing requires that every attempt at access be recorded. LSM cannot deliver that, because it would require a great many more hooks, so as to detect cases where the kernel "short circuits" failing system calls and returns an error code before getting near significant objects.

Failures can be caused by excess temperature, excess current or voltage, ionizing radiation, mechanical shock, stress or impact, and many other causes. In semiconductor devices, problems in the device package may cause failures due to contamination, mechanical stress of the device, or open or short circuits. Failures most commonly occur near the beginning and near the ending of the lifetime of the parts, resulting in the bathtub curve graph of failure rates. Burn-in procedures are used to detect early failures.

Marinised batteries are usually gel batteries or sealed maintenance-free batteries. Not using marinised batteries in salt water can be deadly in an enclosed environment for many reasons: # Sulfuric acid and salt water react to generate dangerous hydrogen chloride gas, necessitating the use of valve-regulated maintenance- free sealed batteries. # The battery must have stronger plates and separators to withstand constant vibrations and impacts caused by large waves striking the hull. Plate collapse can cause short-circuits and electrical fires or explosions.

In 2012, General Motors had recalled more than 258,000 SUVs in the U.S. And Canada to fix short- circuits in power window and door lock switches that could cause fires. The recall covered Chevrolet TrailBlazer, GMC Envoy, Buick Rainier, Isuzu Ascender, and Saab 9-7X SUVs from the 2006 to the 2007 model years. The SUVs were sold or registered in 20 U.S. states, Washington, D.C., and in Canada, where salt and other chemicals are used to clear roads in the winter.

In August 2012, General Motors recalled more than 258,000 SUVs in the United States and Canada to fix short circuits in power window and door lock switches that could cause fires. The recall covered Chevrolet TrailBlazer, GMC Envoy, Buick Rainier, Isuzu Ascender and Saab 9-7X SUVs from the model years of 2006 to the 2007. The SUVs were sold or registered in twenty states in the United States, Washington D.C., and in Canada. Recalls were made due to fire in vehicles.

An anti-electrical weapon, the CBU-94/B, was first used by the U.S. in the Kosovo War in 1999. These consist of a TMD (Tactical Munitions Dispenser) filled with 202 BLU-114/B "Soft-Bomb" submunitions. Each submunition contains a small explosive charge that disperses 147 reels of fine conductive fiber of either carbon or aluminum-coated glass. Their purpose is to disrupt and damage electric power transmission systems by producing short circuits in high-voltage power lines and electrical substations.

Mark Williams wrote a regular column entitled "Running out of Road". Other contributors included: LJK Setright, who wrote the "Cog-swapping" column; Jim Greening who wrote the "Short Circuits" column; and the pseudonymous "Hap Spoons" who wrote "Odds & Sods".Magazine Exchange For more than 30 years the magazine featured Paul Sample's full-page comic-strip Ogri, but that transferred to Back Street Heroes magazine in the spring of 2010. Bike is published by Bauer Consumer Media Ltd and edited by Hugo Wilson.

When the Heywood interconnector was built in 1988, the primary purpose was to move cheaper coal-powered electricity from Victoria to South Australia. In later years, it has been used to an increasing degree to transport wind-powered electricity from South Australia to Victoria. The 2016 South Australian blackout occurred, because multiple windfarms reduced power during a major thunderstorm, after multiple lightning strikes caused short-circuits on transmission lines. The Heywood interconnector became overloaded, as the missing generation was automatically drawn from Victoria.

Because ESR is frequency dependent and rises in low-frequency range, the ripple current must be reduced at lower frequencies.Nippon-Chemi- Con, Lifetime Estimation of Conductive Polymer Aluminum Solid Capacitors In polymer Ta-e-caps the heat generated by the ripple current influences the reliability of the capacitors. Exceeding the limit can result in catastrophic failures with short circuits and burning components. The heat generated by the ripple current also influences the lifetime of aluminum and tantalum electrolytic capacitors with solid polymer electrolytes.

These releases marked a change in direction for White. Short Circuits was a radical shift from her darker soundscapes, and focused on original work, as well as synth versions of classical pieces. While maintaining her aim to publicize the use of electronic music, she used these releases to show the possibilities of synthesizers in classical music. Perhaps because of these recordings, White, along with her close friend and fellow moog composer Paul Beaver, were invited to record with Tonto's Expanding Head Band.

Cuban tree frogs are mainly nocturnal and sleep during the day, preferring to hunt and breed when the sun goes down. Being very voracious, this tree frog will eat almost anything large enough to fit in its mouth, including smaller frogs. Their foraging will occasionally take them up utility poles, where they can cause short-circuits of utility switches, causing costly power outages. Cuban tree frogs will sometimes sleep on palm trees or in potted plants, which can aid in their spread.

Her first book, Literature on Trial (2012), examined the rise of modern literary criticism in connection with the development of literature as a separate domain. Chrostowska also writes cultural criticism spanning academic and nonacademic genres. Matches (2015), her wide-ranging collection of philosophical, critical, and literary fragments, was anthologized in Short Circuits: Aphorisms, Fragments, and Literary Anomalies (Schaffer Press, 2018). In 2018 Noxious Sector Press released Something Other than Lifedeath, a book of articles focusing on her work and edited by David Cechetto.

When Simon is confused as to why the two remained on Earth despite their accomplishment, Catherine explains that it is their copies that inhabit the ARK. The two of them argue about the nature of their mission until Catherine's cortex chip short-circuits from exertion, effectively killing her. Simon is left helpless and alone in the darkness of the abyss. In a post-credits scene, the version of Simon copied to the ARK awakes and reunites with Catherine in an idyllic landscape.

The Garden of Folly is a work of satire, published by Stephen Leacock in 1924. Quotations from the book are still cited as of 2017, used to illustrate the deceptive nature of advertising and the fake news cycle. The prosperity of the 1920s and Prohibition serve as targets of the author’s satire in this and other novels (including "Winnowed Wisdom" (1926), "Short Circuits" (1928), "The Iron Man and the Tin Woman" (1929)), contrasting with the period of disillusionment after World War One.

Brennan, Herlihy, and others try to solve all the technical problems that plague the introduction of the B-52. On one top-secret test flight to Africa, after being refueled in mid-air, a control panel short- circuits, causing a fire. Herlihy orders everyone to bail out and ejects Brennan when he refuses to leave the bomber. After safely landing the burning aircraft at Castle AFB, Herlihy sends out search parties, who manage to recover all of the crew successfully except for Brennan.

An early form of circuit breaker was described by Thomas Edison in an 1879 patent application, although his commercial power distribution system used fuses.Robert Friedel and Paul Israel, Edison's Electric Light: Biography of an Invention, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick New Jersey USA,1986 pp.65-66 Its purpose was to protect lighting circuit wiring from accidental short circuits and overloads. A modern miniature circuit breaker similar to the ones now in use was patented by Brown, Boveri & Cie in 1924.

It was found to have very poor resistance to mechanical wear, mainly abrasion within cable harnesses due to aircraft movement. Many aircraft models have had to undergo extensive rewiring modifications—sometimes completely replacing all the Kapton-insulated wiring—because of short circuits caused by the faulty insulation. Kapton-wire degradation and chafing due to vibration and heat has been implicated in multiple crashes of both fixed wing and rotary wing aircraft, with loss of life.Fatal helicopter crash caused by Kapton wiring www.military.

Two days later, a torpedo from struck Saratoga on her starboard side, just aft of the island. The torpedo wounded a dozen of her sailors, including Fletcher, it flooded one fireroom, giving the ship a 4° list, and it caused multiple electrical short circuits. These damaged Saratogas turbo-electric propulsion system and left her dead in the water for a time. The heavy cruiser Minneapolis took Saratoga in tow while she launched her aircraft for Espiritu Santo, retaining 36 fighters aboard.

2 rail system Early toy trains used two metal rail tracks like most real trains. However, manufacturers quickly found that using a center rail for electric power and the two outer rails for common or ground made electrical contact much more reliable and less prone to short circuits. Three rail contact also negates the need for insulated wheels, an important consideration before plastics became widely available. Most scales and gauges that predate H0 scale used three rails for electric operation.

Katherine short circuits the machine by spraying it repeatedly with a fire extinguisher. She then takes Crawford back to the hospital, where she is evaluated for insanity and schizophrenia, since her story was just like Crawford's. As Katherine is being prepared for shock treatment by a sadistic staff member, Crawford has developed an overwhelming hunger for human brains and kills Katherine's superior Dr. Bloch. Katherine escapes and drives back to the house with a bomb and a crazed Crawford following her.

Wiley goes to confront her about wanting to see the will, and Danny moves her wheelchair down the sloped sidewalk. However, while trying to go back up, the wheelchair short circuits, and she becomes stuck. While they two are arguing in the house, Kassia notices Danny, and Wiley goes out to save her, but stops when he sees a cat, which jumps on Danny and causes her to lose control and start rolling down the road. Thankfully, Luke saves her just in time.

Bare copper wire is useful when merging a number of connections to form an electrical bus such as the circuit's ground, and when there is enough space to properly route connections, instead of wiring them rats-nest style. Intentional solder bridges can be used to connect adjacent pads when necessary. Careful hand–eye coordination is needed to avoid causing inadvertent short circuits. Circuits assembled on perfboard are not necessarily fragile but may be less impact-resistant than printed circuit boards.

In 2012, General Motors had recalled more than 258,000 SUVs in the U.S. and Canada to fix short-circuits in power window and door lock switches that could cause fires. The recall covered Chevrolet TrailBlazer, GMC Envoy, Buick Rainier, Isuzu Ascender and Saab 9-7X SUVs from the 2006 and 2007 model years. The SUVs were sold or registered in 20 U.S. states, Washington, D.C., and Canada, where salt and other chemicals are used to clear roads in the winter.

In Season 4, Krieger gives Ray bionic leg-implants that allow him to walk again. However, in the season finale he is paralyzed once more when Archer accidentally short-circuits his bionic legs with a defibrillator. In season five, after ISIS disbands, Ray begins falling into a depression due to a combination of tutoring Cheryl and his lack of mobility. Krieger eventually reveals that the CPU in Ray's bionic legs simply needs to be rebooted in order to restore his ability to walk.

It may be protected from short circuits by means of fusible links. In older refrigerators the timer ran continuously. In newer designs the timer only runs while the compressor runs, so the more the refrigerator door is closed, the less the heater will be on and the more energy will be saved. A defrost thermostat opens the heater circuit when the evaporator temperature rises above a preset temperature, 40°F (5°C) or more, thereby preventing excessive heating of the freezer compartment.

The cycle time can range from 5 to 14 days, but a seven- day cathode cycle is common. This shorter cycle time improves current efficiency as less short circuits occur and there is less nodulation of the cathode surface. Initially, other refinery operators regarded the developments at CRL with scepticism. Stainless steel had been tried unsuccessfully as mother-plate material for copper starter sheets. They suffered from rapid deterioration of their strippability, resulting in “an almost daily increase in difficulty of stripping”.

There are generally two types of sump pumps—pedestal and submersible. In the case of the pedestal pump, the motor is mounted above the sump—where it is more easily serviced, but is also more conspicuous. The pump impeller is driven by a long, vertical extension shaft and the impeller is in a scroll housing in the base of the pump. The submersible pump, on the other hand, is entirely mounted inside the sump, and is specially sealed to prevent electrical short circuits.

Lynx bus in Orlando, Florida Galaxy Note 7 Note security information Battery defects caused many Note 7 units to overheat and combust or explode. On 10 October 2016, Samsung permanently discontinued the Galaxy Note 7 due to these repeated incidents. In the original run of devices, the battery produced by Samsung SDI contained a design flaw that made electrodes on the top-right of the battery susceptible to bending. This weakened separation between positive and negative tabs of the battery, resulting in thermal runaway and short circuits.

In an electric power system, overcurrent or excess current is a situation where a larger than intended electric current exists through a conductor, leading to excessive generation of heat, and the risk of fire or damage to equipment. Possible causes for overcurrent include short circuits, excessive load, incorrect design, an arc fault, or a ground fault. Fuses, circuit breakers, and current limiters are commonly used overcurrent protection (OCP) mechanisms to control the risks. Circuit breakers and fuses protect circuit wiring from damage caused by overcurrent.

Computers may be impacted by volcanic ash, with their functionality and usability decreasing during ashfall, but it is unlikely they will completely fail. The most vulnerable components are the mechanical components, such as cooling fans, cd drives, keyboard, mice and touch pads. These components can become jammed with fine grained ash causing them to cease working; however, most can be restored to working order by cleaning with compressed air. Moist ash may cause electrical short circuits within desktop computers; however, will not affect laptop computers.

At low frequencies the phase shift is 0° but as the frequency increases the phase shift approaches 180°. It can be seen qualitatively that this is so by replacing the inductors with open circuits and the capacitors with short circuits, which is what they become at high frequency. At high frequency the lattice filter is a cross-over network and will produce 180° phase shift. A 180° phase shift is the same as an inversion in the frequency domain, but is a delay in the time domain.

Diagram of a battery with a polymer separator A separator is a permeable membrane placed between a battery's anode and cathode. The main function of a separator is to keep the two electrodes apart to prevent electrical short circuits while also allowing the transport of ionic charge carriers that are needed to close the circuit during the passage of current in an electrochemical cell. Separators are critical components in liquid electrolyte batteries. A separator generally consists of a polymeric membrane forming a microporous layer.

Silver whiskers growing out of surface-mount resistors Metal whiskering is a phenomenon which occurs in electrical devices when metals form long whisker- like projections over time. Tin whiskers were noticed and documented in the vacuum tube era of electronics early in the 20th century in equipment that used pure, or almost pure, tin solder in their production. It was noticed that small metal hairs or tendrils grew between metal solder pads causing short circuits. Metal whiskers form in the presence of compressive stress.

This case of water entering MRT tunnels is believed to be the first time it has affected train service along the NSL. Separately, at about 5.55pm, a small fire was spotted trackside in the tunnel between the Marina Bay and Raffles Place stations, but it had died down by itself. It is not clear if it is linked to the flood, although electrical short circuits caused by water had sparked tunnel fires before. Train services between Marina South Pier and Newton were restored on the day itself at about 9.20pm.

The basic concept of the third state, high impedance (Hi-Z), is to effectively remove the device's influence from the rest of the circuit. If more than one device is electrically connected to another device, putting an output into the Hi-Z state is often used to prevent short circuits, or one device driving high (logical 1) against another device driving low (logical 0). Three-state buffers can also be used to implement efficient multiplexers, especially those with large numbers of inputs. Three-state buffers are essential to the operation of a shared electronic bus.

The formation of CAFs usually begins by poor glass-resin bonding; a layer of adsorbed moisture then provides a channel through which ions and corrosion products migrate. In presence of chloride ions, the precipitated material is atacamite; its semiconductive properties lead to increased current leakage, deteriorated dielectric strength, and short circuits between traces. Absorbed glycols from flux residues aggravate the problem. The difference in thermal expansion of the fibers and the matrix weakens the bond when the board is soldered; the lead-free solders which require higher soldering temperatures increase the occurrence of CAFs.

After Superior Spider-Man (Doctor Octopus' mind in Spider-Man's body) stops the Sinister Six, Mayor J. Jonah Jameson comes to thank him personally, while Peter Parker's consciousness is shocked to see Jameson's drastically changed attitude towards the hero.The Superior Spider-Man #2 On the top of the police station building Jameson, Chief Pratchett and Carlie Cooper stand near to the improvised "Spider- Signal". Jameson boasts about his wise ruling policy while Carlie doubts Superior Spider-Man will ever show up. But he finally does and short-circuits the signal.

Spread Spectrum Time Domain Vernier Method or SSTDV, is a time domain reflectometry method that uses a spread spectrum time domain reflectometry signal to locate intermittent faults in wires (such as aircraft wires) by measuring time delay between incident and reflected signals. SSTDR uses a pseudo noise (PN) code as the test signal. This code travels down the length of the wire, where it is reflected off of impedance discontinuities such as open or short circuits. The reflected signal is correlated with the incident signal to identify the locations of these discontinuities.

In 2012, General Motors and Isuzu recalled more than 258,000 SUVs in the U.S. and Canada to fix short-circuits in power window and door-lock switches that could cause fires. The recall covered Chevrolet TrailBlazer, GMC Envoy, Buick Rainier, Isuzu Ascender and Saab 9-7X SUVs from the 2006 and 2007 model years. The SUVs were sold or registered in the United States also including Hawaii and Alaska and Canada as well. General Motors announced the recall of 316,357 vehicles in late 2014, primarily in North America, to fix malfunctioning headlights.

After Jill re-enters her apartment, the M.A.R.K. 13 sets her apartment doors to rapidly open and close; the security team die when they attempt to enter, and Shades is trapped outside. Jill hacks into the M.A.R.K. 13's CPU and unsuccessfully attempts to communicate with it; however, she discovers the robot's weakness and lures the M.A.R.K. 13 into the bathroom. Shades, who has managed to quickly jump through the doors, gives her time to turn on the shower. The M.A.R.K. 13 short circuits and is finally deactivated.

The engines were simpler to build - but not significantly easier to maintain as four-stroke singles potentially lasted an entire season - offering a small compact unit without the height associated with overhead valves and camshafts. Rod Gould's appearance on the European racing scene with TD2 and TR2 machines (and Buco helmets) secured after a business trip to US was a major factor in the change to two-stroke domination. Gould learned his craft initially by campaigning ageing (1950s design) Manx Nortons around the UK short circuits, with 1960s Bultacos and Aermacchis for the smaller classes.

The kinetic energy stored in the rotor of the machine can help stabilize a power system during rapid fluctuations of loads such as those created by short circuits or electric arc furnaces. Large installations of synchronous condensers are sometimes used in association with high-voltage direct current converter stations to supply reactive power to the alternating current grid. Synchronous condensers are an alternative to capacitor banks for power factor correction in power grids. One advantage is the amount of reactive power from a synchronous condenser can be continuously adjusted.

Autonomy often dramatically reduces the costs and impacts of networks that serve the building, because autonomy short-circuits the multiplying inefficiencies of collecting and transporting resources. Other impacted resources, such as oil reserves and the retention of the local watershed, can often be cheaply conserved by thoughtful designs. Autonomous buildings are usually energy- efficient in operation, and therefore cost-efficient, for the obvious reason that smaller energy needs are easier to satisfy off-grid. But they may substitute energy production or other techniques to avoid diminishing returns in extreme conservation.

In IEC standards, the insulation system is a classification based on the level of electrical shock protection given to a user. Functional insulation is that required to prevent short circuits within the equipment. Basic insulation is any material added to protect a user from accidental contact with energized parts. Supplemental insulation is rated to withstand 1500 volts AC. Double insulation is a design concept where failure of one insulation system will not expose the user to a shock hazard due to the presence of a second independent layer of insulation.

At great personal risk, Dutch approaches the Japanese radio shack just as the engineer has completed repairs and starts to receive music. The Japanese radio engineer leaves, presumably to inform his superiors, and Dutch short circuits the radio, despite a Japanese guard sitting down for a smoke outside the door. The officers arrive, and whilst they are distracted chastising the guard (for sitting down instead of patrolling, and smoking on duty) Dutch escapes through the window. Lambert and the others see a plane overhead, and hear it crash.

In exploring ways to properly attach a transformer to a vibrating screen, Hanco International () pioneered the Flux- Power Screen Heating System . The invention came to be in 1961, created by Thomas W. Hannon (), and it was unlike anything of its time. The design eliminated the use of physical connections as seen in earlier screen heating systems. Omitting the mechanical connection also deletes the possibility of primary winding failures that come with short circuits on the secondary of the transformer while eliminating wear and fatigue on the screen, itself.

Several mm long zinc whiskers on zinc coated steel Whiskers can cause short circuits and arcing in electrical equipment. The phenomenon was discovered by telephone companies in the late 1940s and it was later found that the addition of lead to tin solder provided mitigation. The European Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS), that took effect on July 1, 2006, restricted the use of lead in various types of electronic and electrical equipment. This has driven the use of lead-free alloys with a focus on preventing whisker formation, see .

Since short circuits are less of a concern, a thinner tunnel oxide layer can be used (50-70Å) increasing the trapping layer's coupling to the channel and leading to a faster program speed (with localized trapped charges) and erasing with lower tunneling voltages. The lower tunneling voltages, in turn, place less stress on the tunnel oxide layer, leading to fewer lattice disruptions. Another important benefit of using a charge trapping cell is that the thin charge trapping layer reduces capacitive coupling between neighboring cells to improve performance and scalability.

Air core inductors can use sliding contacts or multiple taps to increase or decrease the number of turns included in the circuit, to change the inductance. A type much used in the past but mostly obsolete today has a spring contact that can slide along the bare surface of the windings. The disadvantage of this type is that the contact usually short- circuits one or more turns. These turns act like a single-turn short-circuited transformer secondary winding; the large currents induced in them cause power losses.

By the early 1980s, this transmission capacity was no longer sufficient. It could not be increased by using bundle conductors or more conductive cables, as bundle conductors tend to have much greater wind-induced oscillations than single conductors, which can result in short circuits in such a long span. Normal overhead lines use conducting cables with a larger aluminium portion but these do not have the tensile strength needed for this span. In 1985 a 380 kV three- phase AC submarine cable with a maximum transmission capacity of 1000 MW was laid underneath the Strait of Messina.

Using repetition and delay, Grimonprez works towards a second glance; a double take - just like his feature-length film Double Take (2009), and "the state of confusion in which we are kept by the media machine". Artforum states that Grimonprez "does not harangue us with denunciations but rather suggests that we reconsider the short circuits of this machine, of which we briefly catch glimpses". It’s a Poor Sort of Memory that Only Works Backwards also exhibited at the Blaffer Art Museum in Houston, 2011 and the retrospective Johan Grimonprez exhibited in The Fruitmarket Gallery in Edinburgh, 2010.

The ubiquity of social media in this conflict has in its immediacy changed how people understand war, given how it short circuits the traditional editorial process. There are more journalists on the ground than during the 2009 conflict, and what once could have been a remark made to a friend in bar can now be sent out on Twitter. In the eight days leading up to Operation Protective Edge, the social media site Twitter hashtag #GazaUnderAttack was used over 375,000 times. Often the hashtag was used on tweets using photos that claimed to show how people were suffering due to Israeli attacks.

The batteries were submerged in sea water and chlorine gas was beginning to fill the boat, short circuits caused small fires and the boat was in complete darkness. Captain Del Solar lead the crew to the forward torpedo room, where he believed the rescue would come from and used compressed air, in prudent quantities, to keep the air nearly breathable. A submarine communication buoy was released by Rucumilla, but it was not freed because of the inclination of the submarine. Divers of the Navy could freed the buoy and heavier cables were attached to the bow of the boat.

Sitnikov is often reported to have visited the roof of Unit 3 to look down into the destroyed central hall, but this is disputed and no report to this effect was made back to the bunker. Sitnikov then assisted Akimov and Toptunov with feeding water into the reactor; the water, however, flowed through the severed pipes into the lower levels of the plant, carrying radioactive debris and causing short circuits in the cableways common to all four blocks. Later, before the trial, Fomin suffered a mental breakdown and tried to kill himself by breaking his glasses and slitting his wrists with the shards.

Initially Haslam raced on British short circuits, at first under the sponsorship of Halifax car dealer Mal Carter and then with Honda Britain. In the 1976 season he had 16 wins. In 1978 he rode 125, 250, 500, 1000cc, Superbike and F1 machinery and after adding a 350 to his stable the following year he became the first rider to win five different races in a day at Oulton Park and repeated the feat at Carnaby later the same season. Haslam has raced in many Endurance events, with his best result being a second in the 1979 Suzuka 8 Hours race in Japan.

A Scanning SQUID Microscope is a sensitive near-field imaging system for the measurement of weak magnetic fields by moving a Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) across an area. The microscope can map out buried current-carrying wires by measuring the magnetic fields produced by the currents, or can be used to image fields produced by magnetic materials. By mapping out the current in an integrated circuit or a package, short circuits can be localized and chip designs can be verified to see that current is flowing where expected. As the SQUID material must be superconducting, measurements must be performed at low temperatures.

Enhancements of more than two orders of magnitude have been observed in the photocurrent from adding SWCNTs to the P3OT matrix. Improvements were speculated to be due to charge separation at polymer–SWCNT connections and more efficient electron transport through the SWCNTs. However, a rather low power conversion efficiency of 0.04% under 100 mW/cm2 white illumination was observed for the device suggesting incomplete exciton dissociation at low CNT concentrations of 1.0% wt. Because the lengths of the SWCNTs were similar to the thickness of photovoltaic films, doping a higher percentage of SWCNTs into the polymer matrix was believed to cause short circuits.

This failure rate model implicitly assumes the idea of "random failure". Individual components fail at random times but at a predictable rate. Failures are short circuits, open circuits and degradation failures (exceeding specified limits of electrical parameters). The reciprocal value of FIT is the MTBF, the Mean Time Between Failures. The standard operating conditions for the failure rate FIT are 40 °C and 0.5 UR. For other conditions of applied voltage, current load, temperature, capacitance value, circuit resistance (for tantalum capacitors), mechanical influences and humidity the FIT figure can recalculated with acceleration factors standardized for industrialIEC/EN 61709, Electric components. Reliability.

A short circuit is an abnormal connection between two nodes of an electric circuit intended to be at different voltages. This results in an electric current limited only by the Thévenin equivalent resistance of the rest of the network which can cause circuit damage, overheating, fire or explosion. Although usually the result of a fault, there are cases where short circuits are caused intentionally, for example, for the purpose of voltage-sensing crowbar circuit protectors. In circuit analysis, a short circuit is defined as a connection between two nodes that forces them to be at the same voltage.

This condition can create conductive ionized gases and molten or vaporized metal, which can cause the further continuation of the arc, or creation of additional short circuits, potentially resulting in the explosion of the circuit breaker and the equipment that it is installed in. Therefore, circuit breakers must incorporate various features to divide and extinguish the arc. The maximum short-circuit current that a breaker can interrupt is determined by testing. Application of a breaker in a circuit with a prospective short-circuit current higher than the breaker's interrupting capacity rating may result in failure of the breaker to safely interrupt a fault.

Ulysses short-circuits and crashes into the swimming pool, turning the occasion into a public relations disaster. Frankie is fired from her job and forbidden contact with Ulysses or anyone on the project. She attempts to say goodbye on launch day by using her connections with a former client and boyfriend (Steve), a candidate for Congress, but she only sees Ulysses during his farewell speech, in which he bemoans the tendency of humans and their tragic emotional relationships. Eventually, it becomes clear that Ulysses' final speech was actually made by Jeff, who has realized he cannot deal with people.

As mainly Italian cars and races defined the genre, the category came to be known as Gran Turismo (particularly in the 1950s),"A newer concept altogether is the modern "Gran Turismo" class, which was in effect unknown before World War II; sustained high-speed motoring from relatively modest engine size and compact closed coachwork"--The Sports Car, Development and Design; p.179; Stanford, John; B. T. Batsford Ltd, 1957. as long distances had to be travelled, rather than running around on short circuits only. Reliability and some basic comfort were necessary in order to endure the task.

His plan of releasing creatures to take control of mankind fails when a virus sends Lester all the information required. If Cutter had escaped with the others, then Leek would have almost certainly been arrested, but because Cutter remains Leek still seems to think he is unstoppable. He threatens to kill Cutter using his army of Future Predators, but before he can command the predators to kill him, Cutter throws a neural clamp used to control the predators into an electric box, which short-circuits all the other clamps. Cutter escapes and shuts the door to the room.

Galaxy IV was a telecommunications satellite that was disabled and lost due to short circuits caused by tin whiskers in 1998. It was initially thought that space weather contributed to the failure, but later it was discovered that a conformal coating had been misapplied, allowing whiskers formed in the pure tin plating to find their way through a missing coating area, causing a failure of the main control computer. The manufacturer, Hughes, has moved to nickel plating, rather than tin, to reduce the risk of whisker growth. The trade-off has been an increase in weight, adding per payload.

An ESR meter can be used to find short-circuits, even finding which of a group of capacitors or transistors connected in parallel by printed circuit tracks or wires is short-circuited. Many conventional ohmmeters and multimeters are not usable for very low resistances, and those that are often use too high a voltage, risking damage to the circuit being tested. Tweezer probes are useful when test points are closely spaced, such as in equipment made with surface mount technology. The tweezer probes can be held in one hand, leaving the other hand free to steady or manipulate the equipment being tested.

However, tyre issues forced him out of the race while in the lead. Apart from his racing prowess Moodie was well known for his abilities to develop and set up race machines. One being the famous twin shock Duckhams rotary Norton that won the British Superbike championship in 1994 and also the Valmoto Racing 2003 Triumph 600 Supersport machine that incredibly, against most pundits thoughts, won the Isle of Man TT that very year. Moodie was one of a dying breed of Motorcycle racers who consistently raced and won at the highest level on both the short circuits and major road races.

Toronto, ON. For crossings of large bodies of water, wide freeways, or valleys, where the span width of the conductors is very long, specific constructions must be used to achieve a wider distance between the conductors, mostly to prevent short-circuits which may occur when conductors come in contact with one another due to wind or other interferences. These towers may be built as H-frame towers, or may have each conductor placed on a single tower or mast. In every case, these towers are built more stably than most of the other towers used, as the wide span between towers means that much greater forces are placed on these towers.

Short circuits also have a small advantage in that they are generally have a more precise position than open circuits. If the circuit is to be further transformed into the waveguide medium then open circuits are out of the question because there would be radiation out of the aperture so formed. For a high-pass filter the inverse applies, applying Kuroda will naturally result in short circuit stubs and it may be desirable for a printed design to convert to open circuits. As an example, a λ/8 open circuit stub can be replaced with a 3λ/8 short circuit stub of the same characteristic impedance without changing the circuit functionally.

After a brief showdown between the two in which Elle's power proved useless against Claire's ability, she is stopped by Lyle who short circuits her body by throwing a pail of water on her. Elle then reveals that since her firing from the Company by new CEO Angela Petrelli, she has nowhere to go and come seeking the assistance of Noah Bennet. She then admits that she is losing control of her ability ever since the Level Five incident and that Pinehearst Industries may have the answers to helping her. Claire, who can identify with power mishaps as her own powers now negate pain, agrees to go with her.

The fire seen from Pont de la Tournelle On 16 April, the Paris prosecutor said there was no evidence of a deliberate act. The fire has been compared to the similar 1992 Windsor Castle fire and the Uppark fire, among others, and has raised old questions about the safety of similar structures and the techniques used to restore them. Renovation works increase fire risk, and a police source reported they are looking into whether such work had caused this incident. The renovations presented a fire risk from sparks, short-circuits, and heat from welding (roof repairs involved cutting, and welding lead sheets resting on timber).

A metal oxide varistor (MOV) consists of a bulk semiconductor material (typically sintered granular zinc oxide) that can conduct large currents (effectively short- circuits) when presented with a voltage above its rated voltage. MOVs typically limit voltages to about 3 to 4 times the normal circuit voltage by diverting surge current elsewhere than the protected load. MOVs may be connected in parallel to increase current capability and life expectancy, providing they are matched sets. (Unmatched MOVs have a tolerance of approximately ±10% on voltage ratings, which may not be sufficient .) For more details on the effectiveness of parallel-connected MOVs, see the section on Joules rating elsewhere in this article.

Cien Mascaras was once a man with a hundred masks, but then he was cursed by an Aztec mummy and now he is one hundred identical men who must all wear the same mask. Hoping to mount a rescue, Wendy flies the Middlejet to the wrestlers' stronghold, the Dread Pyramid of Itzilichlitlichlitzlbut not before the Middleman enters his trial by combat against Cien Mascaras. After putting up a brave struggle and taking out dozens of Cien Mascarases, the Middleman is overcome and his leg is broken. As the remaining Cien Mascarases set upon for the kill, Wendy arrives and short circuits the laser cage holding Sensei Ping.

In the second half, Big Ed uses his half of the video game to run circles around the Shieks, but Scrappy uses his half to control Shaggy and Scooby now wearing their own electronic sneakers and they make two points. When the Dunkers get the ball, Scrappy controls Scooby who blocks their shot and flies with the ball to the Shielks goal and repeatedly dives into the goal- scoring until the score is tied. Unfortunately, Scrappy's half short- circuits rendering the sneakers useless, but Shaggy and Scooby manage to win without it. The Dunkers couldn't believe they lost and Scrappy tells them cheaters never prosper.

Because of the inertness and stability of the tantalum dielectric oxide layer against strong acids, the wet tantalum capacitors could use sulfuric acid as an electrolyte, thus providing them with a relatively low ESR. Because in the past, silver casings had problems with silver migration and whiskers which led to increasing leakage currents and short circuits, new styles of wet tantalum capacitors use a sintered tantalum pellet cell and a gelled sulfuric acid electrolyte mounted in a pure tantalum case. Due to their relatively high price, wet tantalum electrolytic capacitors have few consumer applications. They are used in ruggedized industrial applications, such as in probes for oil exploration.

On the other hand, the short circuit current of the lead-acid batteries installed in vehicles is sufficiently great, that a short circuit could result in a fire or explosion. The priority is therefore given to avoiding short circuits of the vehicle battery, rather than of the charger. Although the term "SAE Connector" is commonly used to refer to the pictured 2-Pin connector, there are many different connector standards designated by SAE International that may also be referred to by this term. Furthermore, while the design of the subject connector was inspired by and based on SAE Standards, the connector itself has no official SAE designation.

The work is interspersed with passages from Don DeLillo's novels Mao II and White Noise, "providing a literary and philosophic anchor to the film". According to the director, "Dial H-I-S-T-O-R-Y's narrative is based on an imagined dialogue between a terrorist and a novelist where the writer contends that the terrorist has hijacked his role within society." The film's opening line, taken from Mao II, introduces the skyjacker as protagonist. Interspersing fact and fiction, Grimonprez said that the use of archival footage to create "short-circuits in order to critique a situation" may be understood as a form of a Situationist Détournement.

They are sent to the Eurasian Security Field Command Center to retrieve Bruce Banner, the scientist who worked on the nuclear warhead project that made the Council's pre-emptive nuclear strike possible. They found the facilities barraged by a Thing. The two are able to defeat the monster and retrieve Banner so they can board Mikhail Rasputin's mothership as one of a few select representatives allowed to board the Horseman's vessel as part of a false peace convoy. The humans are hoodwinked and held captive on the ship until Tony Stark, another captive on Mikhail's vessel, short circuits the craft with his mechanized heart.

Farquhar's tremendous 2010 road racing season continued when he claimed the annual Southern 100 Championship title on the Isle of Man. Ryan wrapped up his superb 2010 racing season with more success, when he took two wins at the annual Sunflower Trophy races at Bishopscourt. Proving his dexterity on both the pure-road and short circuits, Farquhar overcame the considerable challenge of Marty Lennon to take both of the Super Twins races thus meaning he ended the year with a total of 60 race wins from his road racing and short circuit exploits, which resulted in Farquhar receiving the 2010 Irish Road Racer of the Year Award.

The choice of was related to the efficiency of power transmission as a function of voltage and cost, not based on a neat and tidy ratio of the supply voltage. For a given power level, a higher voltage allows for a lower current and usually better efficiency at the greater cost for high-voltage equipment. It was found that was an optimal point, where a higher voltage would still improve efficiency but not by a significant amount in relation to the higher costs incurred by the need for larger insulators and greater clearance from structures. To avoid short circuits, the high voltage must be protected from moisture.

With the adoption of the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS) regulations in Europe and California banning most uses of lead, and similar regulations elsewhere, the problem of tin pest has returned, since some manufacturers who previously used tin/lead alloys now use predominately tin based alloys. For example, the leads of some electrical and electronic components are plated with pure tin. In cold environments, this can change to α-modification grey tin, which is not electrically conductive, and falls off the leads. After reheating, it changes back to β-modification white tin, which is electrically conductive, and can cause electrical short circuits and failure of equipment.

In May 1996, ValuJet Flight 592 crashed into the Florida Everglades a few minutes after takeoff because of a fire in the forward cargo hold. All 110 people on board were killed. At one time, fire fighting foam paths were laid down before an emergency landing, but the practice was considered only marginally effective, and concerns about the depletion of fire fighting capability due to pre-foaming led the United States FAA to withdraw its recommendation in 1987. One possible cause of fires in airplanes is wiring problems that involve intermittent faults, such as wires with breached insulation touching each other, having water dripping on them, or short circuits.

In this sense, it is important to mention that the days in the film are separated by Andrei's erotic dreams. In his dreams, the differences between him and Marilena are partially removed, either by lowering the rooftop on which the boy stands to ground level or by debarking the girl from a breast-shaped UFO that scares the neighbors away. Another fictional element is Marilena's capacity of provoking short circuits, in moments in which she is very emotionally active (e.g., when Andrei touches her in the bar's restroom, or when the whole neighborhood is cut from electricity when she cries near the high voltage electrical box).

However, in the part of the Amazon Basin where the highway was scheduled to be built, they are known as "colonists" for having migrated to the region. He came to power on the promise of ending discrimination and marginalisation. Morales said that the US$420 million, highway project, funded by Brazil in the quest to access the Pacific Ocean, would be a principal part of his infrastructure plan. The highway would connect the agricultural region of Beni with the commercial crossroad of Cochabamba; it would also reduce travel time by half as it short-circuits Santa Cruz, a region that had opposed Morales' presidency.

Interpol agents infiltrate the aliens' hideout, rescue Ichinose, and kill Mafune and many of the aliens. The remaining aliens attempt to escape in their ships, but Godzilla shoots them down with his atomic heat ray. The wounded Katsura, while being embraced by Ichinose, shoots herself in order to destroy Mechagodzilla 2's control device (which had been implanted in her body earlier by the aliens). This allows Godzilla to destroy the robot, which short-circuits and is tossed by him into a huge chasm made by the battle, after which Godzilla blasts it with his atomic heat ray, causing it to explode into little pieces of metal again, which are then buried within the chasm at the same time.

Formation lap of the 1996 Monaco Grand Prix A parade lap, also known as a pace lap, formation lap or warm-up lap, is a lap before a motorsport race begins, in which the drivers go around the track at a slow speed (usually between 50 and 120 km/h), and, in some cases, behind the safety car. The lap is to ensure that track conditions are safe, and that there are no dangerous problems with the cars (including the safety car) or the circuit. The parade lap either leads to a rolling start, standing start, or back to the grid. Short circuits (such as the Brands Hatch Indy circuit layout) often have two of these laps.

The Obrigheim Nuclear Power Plant on the left View of the nuclear power plant The nuclear power plant in 1979 The electric power was transported by a single power line to Hüffenhardt substation. The power line carried four circuits, two for 220 kV and two for 110 kV. The circuits for 110 kV were mounted on the lowest of the three crossbars of the pylons, and the circuits for 220 kV on the middle and the upper crossbar of the pylons. An unusual feature of the power line between the pylons is that insulators are mounted between the conductors to prevent short circuits by too close a conductor clearance with strong winds.

On DC systems, bipolar overhead lines were sometimes used to avoid galvanic corrosion of metallic parts near the railway, such as on the Chemin de fer de la Mure. All systems with multiple overhead lines have high risk of short circuits at switches and therefore tend to be impractical in use, especially when high voltages are used or when trains run through the points at high speed. The Sihltal Zürich Uetliberg Bahn has two lines with different electrification. To be able to use different electric systems on shared tracks, the Sihltal line has its overhead wire right above the train, whilst the Uetliberg line has its overhead wire off to one side.

The accident occurred due to short circuits that took place in III and VII compartments simultaneously at a depth of 120 m and a subsequent fire in the air-conditioning system. This was the first loss of a Soviet nuclear-powered submarine. 52 sailors including the commander, Captain 2nd Rank Vsevolod Borisovich Bessonov, died due to CO2 poisoning and the flooding of the surfaced submarine during 80 hours of damage control in stormy conditions, 73 sailors were rescued. K-8 sank with four nuclear torpedoes on board at a depth of 4,680 m (Bay of Biscay).. There were also three small incidents with K-8 whilst on patrol before (breakdowns of steam generators in 1960–1961).

Overlay control has always played an important role in semiconductor manufacturing, helping to monitor layer-to-layer alignment on multi-layer device structures. Misalignment of any kind can cause short circuits and connection failures, which in turn impact fab yield and profit margins. Overlay control has become even more critical now because the combination of increasing pattern density and innovative techniques such as double patterning and 193 nm immersion lithography creates a novel set of pattern-based yield challenges at the 45 nm technology node and below. This combination causes error budgets to shrink below 30 percent of design rules, where existing overlay metrology solutions cannot meet total measurement uncertainty (TMU) requirements.

On 28 February 2017, the University of Texas at Austin issued a press release about a new type of solid-state battery, developed by a team led by lithium- ion battery inventor John Goodenough, "that could lead to safer, faster- charging, longer-lasting rechargeable batteries for handheld mobile devices, electric cars and stationary energy storage". More specifics about the new technology were published in the peer-reviewed scientific journal Energy & Environmental Science. Independent reviews of the technology discuss the risk of fire and explosion from lithium-ion batteries under certain conditions because they use liquid electrolytes. The newly developed battery should be safer since it uses glass electrolytes that should eliminate short circuits.

A long-standing niche market for flywheel power systems are facilities where circuit breakers and similar devices are tested: even a small household circuit breaker may be rated to interrupt a current of or more amperes, and larger units may have interrupting ratings of or amperes. The enormous transient loads produced by deliberately forcing such devices to demonstrate their ability to interrupt simulated short circuits would have unacceptable effects on the local grid if these tests were done directly from building power. Typically such a laboratory will have several large motor–generator sets, which can be spun up to speed over several minutes; then the motor is disconnected before a circuit breaker is tested.

JWST sunshield, made of Kapton According to a NASA internal report, space shuttle "wires were coated with an insulator known as Kapton that tended to break down over time, causing short circuits and, potentially, fires."High Tech in the 1970s, Shuttles Feel Their Age. New York Times (2005-07-25) The NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory has considered Kapton as a good plastic support for solar sails because of its long duration in the space environment. NASA's New Horizons spacecraft used Kapton in an innovative "Thermos bottle" insulation design to keep the craft operating between throughout its more than nine-year, 3 billion mile journey to rendezvous with the dwarf planet Pluto on July 14, 2015.

Cable was employed by the Electro-Dynamic Company owned by financier Isaac Rice and William Woodnut Griscom. Rice was a financial supporter of inventor John Phillip Holland, whose Holland Torpedo Boat Company (the forerunner and precursor to the Electric Boat Division of General Dynamics Corporation) was developing a prototype submarine, Holland VI, for the United States Navy. A diagram of Holland VI, piloted by Cable in its pre-commissioning phase When Holland VI accidentally sank with its hatches open in New York harbor on 13 October 1897, Cable was dispatched by Rice to assist with the repairs. The submarine's internal components had been flooded with corrosive salt water, leading to short circuits and corrosion.

Semiconductor circuits typically have both DC and AC currents in them, with a source of DC current to bias the nonlinear semiconductor to the correct operating point, and the AC signal superimposed on the DC. Load lines can be used separately for both DC and AC analysis. The DC load line is the load line of the DC equivalent circuit, defined by reducing the reactive components to zero (replacing capacitors by open circuits and inductors by short circuits). It is used to determine the correct DC operating point, often called the Q point. Once a DC operating point is defined by the DC load line, an AC load line can be drawn through the Q point.

Over time, the formation of starter sheets was improved by mechanisation, but there was still a high labour input. Once the starter sheets were formed, they had to be flattened, to reduce the likelihood of short circuits, and then cut, formed and punched to make loops from which the starter sheets are hung from conductive copper hanger bars in the electrolytic cells (see Figure 1). The starter sheets are inserted in the refining cells and dissolved copper deposits on them to produce the cathode copper product (see Figure 2). Because of the manufacturing cost of the starter sheets, refineries using them tend to keep them in the cells as long as possible, usually 12–14 days.

When core temperature falls, the blood supply to the skin is reduced by intense vasoconstriction. The blood flow to the limbs (which have a large surface area) is similarly reduced, and returned to the trunk via the deep veins which lie alongside the arteries (forming venae comitantes). This acts as a counter-current exchange system which short-circuits the warmth from the arterial blood directly into the venous blood returning into the trunk, causing minimal heat loss from the extremities in cold weather. The subcutaneous limb veins are tightly constricted, not only reducing heat loss from this source, but also forcing the venous blood into the counter-current system in the depths of the limbs.

A purple container was also brought in, containing the flavours blueberry, blackberry, black cherry and grape. In addition to the purple drum, five new flavors were introduced in the red drum variety: raspberry, cranberry, red pear, strawberry and red grape, and a further five flavours - lime, kiwi, melon, green apple and green pear - were introduced in the green drum. The brand also includes Smog Balls, Goop (discontinued in the USA), Slime Lickers, Hi Voltage Bubblegum (discontinued in the USA), Short Circuits Bubblegum (discontinued in the USA), Toxic Waste Gum Balls (discontinued in the USA), and Mutant Gummy Worms. In 2007, the Nuclear Sludge chew bar variety was introduced, but it was not as popular with consumers compared to the other varieties.

Lithium anodes were used for the first lithium-ion batteries in the 1960s, based on the cell chemistry, but were eventually replaced due to dendrite formation which caused internal short-circuits and was a fire hazard. Replaced in commercial cell designs in the late-1970s by graphite carbon, effort continued in areas that required lithium, including charged cathodes such as manganese dioxide, vanadium pentoxide, or molybdenum oxide and some polymer electrolyte based cell designs. The interest in lithium metal anodes was re-established with the increased interest in high capacity lithium-air battery and lithium-sulfur battery systems. Research to inhibit dendrite formation has been an active area due in part to the need for a stable anode for these new beyond-lithium energy storage chemistries.

On short circuits Dunlop notched one of the three MCN Supercup wins, the other two by Terry Rymer. Dunlop notched a double in Ireland's North West 200 and finished third in the F1 Isle of Man TT.John Player Special Norton - Robert Dunlop JPS Norton Website Retrieved 2010-02-03 In 1994, Dunlop suffered a major accident on the Isle of Man Formula One TT, when the back wheel of his 750 cm3 Honda RC45 collapsed in a long left turn, just after he took the jump over Ballaugh Bridge. Dunlop suffered multiple injuries and was lucky to have survived the high-speed crash. A long stay in hospital, followed by protracted recuperation, meant Dunlop was out of action for the remainder of 1994 and all of 1995.

Lewis's Christian apologetics, and this argument in particular, have been criticized. Philosopher John Beversluis described Lewis's arguments as "textually careless and theologically unreliable", and this particular argument as logically unsound and an example of a false dilemma. Theologian John Hick argues that New Testament scholars do not now support the view that Jesus claimed to be God. New Testament scholar N. T. Wright criticizes Lewis for failing to recognise the significance of Jesus' Jewish identity and setting – an oversight which "at best, drastically short- circuits the argument" and which lays Lewis open to criticism that his argument "doesn't work as history, and it backfires dangerously when historical critics question his reading of the gospels", although he believes this "doesn't undermine the eventual claim".

After ordering two Norton Manx motorcycles before leaving Rhodesia for the 1951 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, Amm discovered on arriving in Europe that they would not be delivered until the start of practice for the 1951 Isle of Man TT Races. To practice on short circuits before the Manx Nortons where delivered, a 'hack' 7R AJS motorcycle was purchased and Ray Amm won the 350 cc class at a Peveril M.C. & L.C.C. meeting in the Isle of Man. The two Manx Nortons arrived on the first day of practice for the 1951 Isle of Man TT Races. Despite trouble with a gear lever finished in 9th place for the 1951 Junior TT Race at an average race speed of 81.59 mph.

To operate an electric match, a source of electricity of appropriate voltage and current is needed to provide current to the match. When sufficient electric current is passed through the bridgewire, the resistive heating causes the element to rise above the ignition temperature of the pyrogen, and the pyrogen begins to burn. Commercial electric match manufacturers often specify 3 key parameters of an electric match: the resistance (often around 2 Ohm), a recommended firing current (often around 1 A), and a maximum no-fire current. The "test" button on a firing systems typically tests a setup by sending a current limited to well below the no-fire current (often 0.2 A) to detect common problems (short circuits and disconnected open circuits).

The power supply's connection to the motherboard was changed from the older AT and LPX standards; AT and LPX had two similar connectors that could be accidentally interchanged by forcing the different keyed connectors into place, usually causing short-circuits and irreversible damage to the motherboard (the rule of thumb for safe operation was to connect the side-by-side connectors with the black wires together). ATX uses one large, keyed connector which can not be connected incorrectly. The new connector also provides a 3.3 volt source, removing the need for motherboards to derive this voltage from the 5 V rail. Some motherboards, particularly those manufactured after the introduction of ATX but while LPX equipment was still in use, support both LPX and ATX PSUs.

Many electricity customers are installing their own electricity generating equipment, whether for reasons of economy, redundancy or environmental reasons. When a customer is generating more electricity than required for his own use, the surplus may be exported back to the power grid. Customers that generate back into the "grid" usually must have special equipment and safety devices to protect the grid components (as well as the customer's own) in case of faults (electrical short circuits) or maintenance of the grid (say voltage on a downed line coming from an exporting customers facility). This exported energy may be accounted for in the simplest case by the meter running backwards during periods of net export, thus reducing the customer's recorded energy usage by the amount exported.

For several years he was said, in documents such as the Motor Cycle News, to be almost unbeatable. Linsdell aboard the only two stroke at the 2007 Centenary TT. For 1981 he built up a 1959 engined 500cc Royal Enfield Bullet, mounted in a Colin Seeley frame, to compete in the unlimited single cylinder Kenning "S" series, and to make his debut at the Isle of Man Manx Grand Prix. He was moderately successful on this bike on the short circuits, but it was in the Isle of Man that he stunned his opposition and all spectators by finishing in an astonishing second place in the newcomer's race at an average speed of 94.87 mph. This was despite competing against machines over 20 years newer.

Business executive Sam Treadwell (David Andrews) owns a Cherry 2000 model Gynoid as his wife. After she short circuits during sex on a wet kitchen floor, Sam is told by a repairman that she is damaged beyond repair, though her memory disk—which is incredibly rare and valuable and contains her entire personality—can be used in a new body if one can be found. A Gynoid dealer tells Sam that the Cherry 2000 model is no longer produced and that the only remaining ones are in a defunct factory in "Zone 7," a particularly dangerous, lawless area. With Cherry's memory disk stored in a device that plays back Cherry's voice, Treadwell hires Edith "E" Johnson (Melanie Griffith), a tough tracker, to guide him to the factory.

The warmth increases their resistance which produces even more heat, and the PTC quickly "trips" and shuts off most of the current. The PTC rarely trips in a typical ADCP pack, because the safety circuit is the primary protection against short circuits (defined to be any current above about 8 A). The safety circuit also turns off the pack before its voltage falls below a threshold. If the pack were allowed to fully discharge, one branch could discharge before the others, which could lead to the discharged branch being charged by the remaining cells. Any attempt to charge a lithium cell is potentially dangerous, and turning the pack off at about 75-80% of its starting voltage prevents this from happening.

After Professor inserts nanobots into the nearby pond to clean the water, the nanobots evolve rapidly into flora and fauna. Robotic versions of an Elasmosaurus and a Tyrannosaurus rex attack the crew, but a solar flare short circuits the dinosaur robots, causing a mass extinction of every robot creature except for "small mammalian robots" that were hiding in caves, including Bender. The next day, the crew wakes up to find both Leela and Amy kidnapped by caveman-like robots, but the following day, they find that Leela and Amy are free, because the robot cavemen have since evolved into a completely civilized, modern robot society. The Professor states that he is proud of the nanobots' growth after he dumped their ancestors in a pond a few days ago.

Shihlin Electric MCCB with SHT Thermal magnetic circuit breakers, which are the type found in most distribution boards in Europe and countries with a similar wiring arrangements, incorporate both techniques with the electromagnet responding instantaneously to large surges in current (short circuits) and the bimetallic strip responding to less extreme but longer-term over-current conditions. The thermal portion of the circuit breaker provides a time response feature, that trips the circuit breaker sooner for larger over currents but allows smaller overloads to persist for a longer time. This allows short current spikes such as are produced when a motor or other non- resistive load is switched on. With very large over-currents during a short circuit, the magnetic element trips the circuit breaker with no intentional additional delay.

An ESR meter is more accurately described as a pulsed or high- frequency AC milliohmmeter (depending upon type), and it can be used to measure any low resistance. An ESR meter with no back-to-back protective diodes across its input can measure the internal resistance of batteries (many batteries end their useful life largely due to increased internal resistance, rather than low EMF). Depending upon the exact circuit used, an ESR meter may also be used to measure the contact resistance of switches, the resistance of sections of printed circuit (PCB) track, etc. While there are specialised instruments to detect short-circuits between adjacent PCB tracks, an ESR meter is useful because it can measure low resistances while injecting a voltage too low to confuse readings by switching on semiconductor junctions in the circuit.

Blumlein generator has advantage that it can generate a pulse equal to the charging voltage V A transmission line circuit which circumvented the above problem, producing an output pulse equal to the power-supply voltage V, was invented in 1937 by British engineer Alan BlumleinUK Patent 589127, Improvements in or relating to apparatus for generating electrical impulses, Alan Dower Blumlein, filed October 10, 1941, granted June 12, 1947. and is widely used today in PFNs. In the Blumlein generator (animation, right), the load is connected in series between two equal-length transmission lines, which are charged by a DC power supply at one end (note that the right line is charged through the impedance of the load). To trigger the pulse, a switch short-circuits the line at the power-supply end, causing a negative voltage step to travel toward the load.

The first incarnation of the Grand Prix circuit In January 1960 Kent County Council gave planning permission for the extension of Brands Hatch – an extension which would double the length of the track offering a choice of long or short circuits. The new 2.65-mile track used, all of this existing one with the extension of Kidney Bend; South Bank became a long, uphill 160° sweep out into the country and making the approach to Clearways very much faster. From South Bank there followed a long straight dipping into and out of the next valley to the right-hand Hawthorn Bend followed by Portobello Straight to Westfield Bend leading to the dip to Dingle Dell, Dingle Dell Corner and the difficult left-hand Stirling's Bend. A short straight then brought the circuit back to Clearways at much higher speed than hitherto.

The sodium current is a major contributor to the characteristic flow of electrical charge across the membrane of heart muscle cells that occurs with each heartbeat known as the action potential. INa causes the initial rapid upstroke of the action potential (phase 0), and decreasing the early peak current, as occurs in BrS- associated genetic variants, leads to slowing of the electrical conduction through the heart muscle. This slow conduction allows 'short circuits' to form, blocking the waves of electrical activity in some areas while allowing the waves to pass in others in a phenomenon known as wavebreak. Given the right circumstances, this wavebreak can allow the waves of electricity to perform a U-turn within the muscle, travelling in the reverse direction before beginning to rapidly circle around a point, referred to as re-entry, and causing an abnormal heart rhythm.

As the adjacent diagram shows, if ammonium is indeed nitrified to nitrate in the ocean's surface waters it essentially "short circuits" the deep pathway of nitrate. In practice, this would lead to an overestimation of new production and a higher f-ratio, since some of the ostensibly new production would actually be fuelled by recently nitrified nitrate that had never left the surface ocean. After including nitrification measurements in its parameterisation, an ecosystem model of the oligotrophic subtropical gyre region (specifically the BATS site) found that, on an annual basis, around 40% of surface nitrate was recently nitrified (rising to almost 90% during summer). A further study synthesising geographically diverse nitrification measurements found high variability but no relationship with depth, and applied this in a global-scale model to estimate that up to a half of surface nitrate is supplied by surface nitrification rather than upwelling.

" Kaelen Bell of Exclaim! characterized the music as "the sound of a new kind of warped pop star — an artist capable of weaving the unending unknown of space and the throb of blood and skin, willing to take us and destroy us and create something wholly new from what remains." Alexis Petridis of The Guardian thought that the record "sounds coherent" and "is punchy and concise;" Petridis further remarked that "its stylistic leaps and short-circuits always feel intended – the product of someone operating to their own internal logic rather than randomly throwing ideas at the wall." Paste critic Austin Jones praised the record, stating: "The record, with all its idiosyncrasies, will be remembered as a definitive piece by one of our era’s most important rock icons—a pop star as transgressive and rule-breaking as the legends of the ’70s and ’80s we take for granted now.

Carbon dioxide extinguishers work well on small flammable liquid and electrical fires, but not on ordinary combustible fires, because although it excludes oxygen, it does not cool the burning substances significantly and when the carbon dioxide disperses they are free to catch fire upon exposure to atmospheric oxygen. Their desirability in electrical fire stems from the fact that, unlike water or other chemical based methods, Carbon dioxide will not cause short circuits, leading to even more damage to equipment. Because it is a gas, it is also easy to dispense large amounts of the gas automatically in IT infrastructure rooms, where the fire itself might be hard to reach with more immediate methods because it is behind rack doors and inside of cases. Carbon dioxide has also been widely used as an extinguishing agent in fixed fire protection systems for local application of specific hazards and total flooding of a protected space.

The uncontrolled formation of lithium dendrites The versatility and properties of the solid-state electrolyte widen the possible applications towards high energy density and cheaper battery chemistries that are otherwise prevented by the current state-of-the-art of Li-ion batteries. Indeed, by introducing a SSE in the battery architecture there's the possibility to use metallic lithium as anode material, with the possibility to achieve a high energy density battery thanks to its high specific capacity of 3860 mAh g−1. The utilization of a lithium metal anode (LMA) is prevented in a liquid electrolyte above all because of the dendritic growth of a pure Li electrode that easily cause short circuits after few cycles; other related issues are volume expansions, solid- electrolyte-interface (SEI) reactivity and 'dead' lithium. The usage of a SSE guarantees a homogeneous contact with the metallic lithium electrode and possess the mechanical properties to impede the uncontrolled deposition of Li+ ions during the charging phase.

Knob-and-tube wiring (the orange cable is an unrelated extension cord) The earliest standardized method of wiring in buildings, in common use in North America from about 1880 to the 1930s, was knob and tube (K&T;) wiring: single conductors were run through cavities between the structural members in walls and ceilings, with ceramic tubes forming protective channels through joists and ceramic knobs attached to the structural members to provide air between the wire and the lumber and to support the wires. Since air was free to circulate over the wires, smaller conductors could be used than required in cables. By arranging wires on opposite sides of building structural members, some protection was afforded against short-circuits that can be caused by driving a nail into both conductors simultaneously. By the 1940s, the labor cost of installing two conductors rather than one cable resulted in a decline in new knob-and-tube installations.

It is common practice to cross off or fill in islands whose bridge quota has been reached. In addition to reducing mistakes, this can also help locate potential "short circuits": keeping in mind that all islands must be connected by one network of bridges, a bridge that would create a closed network that no further bridges could be added to can only be permitted if it immediately yields the solution to the complete puzzle. The simplest example of this is two islands showing '1' aligned with each other; unless they are the only two islands in the puzzle, they cannot be connected by a bridge, as that would complete a network that cannot be added to, and would therefore force those two islands to be unreachable by any others. Any bridge that would completely isolate a group of islands from another group would not be permitted, as one would then have two groups of islands that could not connect.

This acts as a counter-current exchange system which short-circuits the warmth from the arterial blood directly into the venous blood returning into the trunk, causing minimal heat loss from the extremities in cold weather. The subcutaneous limb veins are tightly constricted, thereby reducing heat loss via this route, and forcing the blood returning from the extremities into the counter-current blood flow systems in the centers of the limbs. Birds and mammals that regularly immerse their limbs in cold or icy water have particularly well developed counter- current blood flow systems to their limbs, allowing prolonged exposure of the extremities to the cold without significant loss of body heat, even when the limbs are as thin as the lower legs, or tarsi, of a bird, for instance. When animals like the leatherback turtle and dolphins are in colder water to which they are not acclimatized, they use this CCHE mechanism to prevent heat loss from their flippers, tail flukes, and dorsal fins.

An official enquiry was held and Cdt Vicq, his officers and crew, along with some passengers appeared in court along with colonel Pouderoux chief paris Firefighter acting as an expert. Shipyard personnel were dissuaded to appear in court but later testified that the electric plant of the Georges Philippar had been troublesome from the start and that the Shipyard board had forecasted to postpone the ship's commission in order to correct the defects but later changed their minds under the pressure of delay penalties. Cdt Vicq downplayed the electrical troubles and frequent short circuits, only admitting trouble with the electric kitchen ovens and appliances (he had to have new heating resistances hastily manufactured in Yokohama as the original ones kept burning in succession, exhausting the ship's supply of spares). He chose to point out the faultless work of the emergency electrical generators, which he said were crucial in the comparatively low death toll.

Protection of traction motors from short circuits is accomplished by means of a fast-acting circuit breaker, which disconnects the traction circuit within 2-5 milliseconds if the current exceeds 575±25 amps. In case of a short to ground where the current does not exceed this level, protection is accomplished by a differential relay which compares current at both ends of the circuit and opens the circuit breaker if the difference in current exceeds 40 amps. The traction motors are also protected by a wheelslip relay which trips if the angular velocity of one of the traction motors significantly differs from the others (wheelslip, skidding, stripped gears, etc.) and an overload relay which trips if the current in a traction motor's circuit exceeds 265 amps; tripping of these relays automatically reduces the train's acceleration. The engineer's instrument panel has warning lights which illuminate when any of these relays trip (except for the differential relay—its action can be deduced from certain peculiarities in the tripping of the circuit breaker), and the tripping of the wheelslip relay also activates a warning bell.

In a charge trapping flash, electrons are stored in a trapping layer just as they are stored in the floating gate in a standard flash memory, EEPROM, or EPROM. The key difference is that the charge trapping layer is an insulator, while the floating gate is a conductor. High write loads in a flash memory cause stress on the tunnel oxide layer creating small disruptions in the crystal lattice called “oxide defects.” If a large number of such disruptions are created a short circuit develops between the floating gate and the transistor's channel and the floating gate can no longer hold a charge. This is the root cause of flash wear-out (see Flash memory#Memory wear), which is specified as the chip's “endurance.” In order to reduce the occurrence of such short circuits, floating gate flash is manufactured using a thick tunnel oxide (~100Å), but this slows erase when Fowler-Nordheim tunneling is used and forces the design to use a higher tunneling voltage, which puts new burdens on other parts of the chip.

So it's a consensus in the field of security that the biggest threat in cyberspace comes from unknown vulnerabilities, backdoors, viruses or Trojans, etc. The existing defense system is the concept of precise defense based on perceptual cognition, which requires a certain amount of clear and reliable prior knowledge as the support, such as sources, characteristics, processes and behavior of attack, working in the precondition of “known risks” or “known unknown risks”. So it's an acquired defense system with the "bottom line defense", often supported by encryption or authentication. It is a common fragility in the system and mechanism of defense against unknown vulnerabilities, backdoors, viruses or Trojans, etc. Especially in the ecological environment of system hardware and software components whose credibility cannot be ensured, main defense means based on it almost have no effective real-time defense capability in the face of uncertain threats except for repairing after damages have been done ( “mending the fold after the sheep have been stolen”) without the security guarantee of steps in encryption and authentication or other defensive functions, which can bypass or make short circuits deliberately.