In the 18th century, a small writing table or secretaire — a word derived from the Latin secretus, meaning hidden or confidential — might be equipped with concealed compartments or locked with a key, to keep prying eyes away from personal correspondence.
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Secretaire made from the timbers of the British Arctic ship Resolute The original design plan and elevation for the "President's Desk" were created on September 9, 1879. They are now kept by the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, England, and can be viewed online. The National Maritime Museum's September 9, 1879, design plans are drawings for two different gifts proposed by the Admiralty but never executed, a "Secretaire" and a "Library Table". The library table and the President's secretaire were never implemented and these proposed gifts were replaced with William Evenden's 1880 Resolute desk.
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The secretaire en portefeuille is much like a fall front desk which has been reduced in depth to a bare minimum. Like the fall front desk and the secretary desk the secretaire en portefeuille's desktop lifts up to cover internal areas and must thus be cleared of all work before closing up. By its mobile nature and its relatively light weight it was sometimes used as a fire screen desk. It was also sometimes known by that name.
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The Wooton secretary desk usually rests on a four-legged quadruped support equipped with casters. The main body of the desk is filled with a dozen or several dozens (depending on the model) of small drawers and nooks for papers and small objects. As in a "secretaire a abattant" or in a fall front desk the main working surface or desktop is hinged and lifted completely from the horizontal to the vertical in order to lock up the desk, forcing the user to gather up and store all papers and implements beforehand. Unlike the secretaire a abattant however, the Wooton desktop hides only a few of the small drawers and nooks.
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Its name comes from the French word for wallet: portefeuille. This is probably because it has the same proportions as many kinds of wallets and it opens up a bit like some of them. Modern day cabinet makers and furniture designers have sometimes created contemporary versions of the secretaire en portefeuille, eschewing the florid designs of the antique ones.
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Secretaire an abattant, by Jean-François Leleu circa 1770-1780. Jean-François Leleu (1729 - 1807) was a leading French furniture-maker (ébéniste) of the eighteenth century. Leleu was trained in the workshop of Jean-François Oeben (1721-1763), and after his master's death took the workshop's lead and became master in 1764. His furniture was known for its high quality, elegance, and restraint, with inlays of diamonds, roses, or floral bouquets.
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The cavalry units were under their own colonels. On 9 October the two armies exchanged fire near Tongres.Relation de L'Expedition du Prince D'Orange dans les Pays-Bas, Secretaire d'Etat Courteville, 1568, Archives du Royaume On 10 October Orange moved on to the fortified town of Saint Tron (Now: Sint- Truiden, French: St Trond, Limburgs: Sintruin) which, despite the presence in the city of troops sent by Liege, opened its doors.
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There are also a few personal items belonging to Morris, including his spectacles and a lock of his hair. Other items within the house also came from individuals connected with the Arts and Crafts movement. When the architect Philip Webb died, Walker inherited all of his possessions, including items of furniture that are still in the property. The drawing room of the house contains a secretaire designed by Ernest Barnsley.
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Other frescoes illustrate the legend of the Nine Valiant Knights from a medieval poem. Notable objects in this room include a Florentine table inlaid with ivory, a Mudéjar-style secretaire, engraved silver dishes and various Renaissance objets d'art. The audience chamber on the third floor has diagonal faulting and walls hung with two large tapestries, one a Flemish verdure (hunting scene). The loopholes along the watchpath overlook the Doire valley.
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The secretaire en portefeuille is an antique desk form which is usually mounted on rollers at the end of four jutting legs. The legs in turn support what appears as an oversize vertically mounted wooden pizza box. This is a cabinet a few inches thick, with barely enough space in it for the raised desktop surface and a few pens and sheets of paper disposed vertically. It is also called a "Billet doux".
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In a report he submitted on October 12, 2010,Une diplomatie publique à la française.À M. LE SECRETAIRE GENERAL DE L’UMP, Développement de l’influence de la France sur la scène internationale, Une diplomatie publique à la française Frank MELLOUL, UMP, France, Octobre, 2010. Melloul proposed a number of recommendations to improve the country's diplomatic stance.Rapport Frank Melloul, UMP.Libération, le 14 Octobre 2010, Frank Melloul, un villepiniste félicité à l’UMP, Libération, France, 14, Octobre, 2010.
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Inside the middle room, a huge secretaire was put sideways next to the window, with a French-made droplight above. And above the brown couch, a huge photograph of Chiang was hung on the side wall. There was an Otis elevator near the office, but Chiang Kai-shek seldom used it. Although President Chiang Kai-shek wasn't working here all the time, this office is still one of the most popular sites for the visitors in the Presidential Palace.
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The party won 64 seats.CENI. RESULTATS PROVISOIRES DES ELECTIONS MUNICIPALES AU NIVEAU NATIONAL The party won the mayoral posts in Karankasso-Vigué (Houet province).netafrique.net. SOUMANE TOURE (SECRETAIRE GENERAL DU PITJ): « Blaise Compaoré ne peut pas modifier l’article 37 »lefaso.net. Installations des conseils municipaux dans les Hauts-Bassins : Le CDP règne en maître, l’ADF lui arrache la mairie de Bama When new mayors were installed in January 2013, PITJ retained the mayoral post in Karankasso-Vigué with Abdoulaye Simporé as its candidate.
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Much of the original furnishings went with them. Some of this ended up being gifted to the Yass Historical Society and this is now on loan to the National Trust (NSW). It includes a fine cedar dining table, a cedar secretaire and two exceptional demi-lune side tables veneered in she-oak (Casuarina sp.). There are references to two families living at Cooma Cottage in late nineteenth and early twentieth century, namely the Clayton family (relatives of J.K.Hume's wife, Emma) and the Unwin family.
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The studio houses several of Dobell's easels, bed, paint boxes, tubes and brushes, secretaire and other paraphernalia. Other items in the house include Dobell's Brinsmead grand piano, his photographic equipment, household items such as china and glassware, personal effects and memorabilia. There is also a small collection of original Dobell works: sketches, studies, Christmas cards and cartoons drawn for friends. The Dobell House Archive, housed in the garage serving as committee office, includes reference material such as books, articles, photographs, scrapbooks kept by relatives, colour slides and film.
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Baillie probably received his liberty about the same time as the bishop of Ross, in 1573. At any rate it appears, from a letter in the State Papers, that in 1574 he was in Antwerp.Calendar of State Papers, foreign series, 1572–74, entry 1615. He died 27 December 1625, aged 85, and was interred in the churchyard of Hulpe, a village near Brussels, where, in the inscription on his tombstone, he is designated as "Sir Charles Bailly, secretaire de la Royne d'Ecosse" ("Secretary of the Queen of Scots").
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Landscape with Farm Building, 1888 Cecilia Beaux died at the age of 87 on September 17, 1942, in Gloucester, Massachusetts. She was buried at West Laurel Hill Cemetery in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania. In her will she left a Duncan Phyfe rosewood secretaire made for her father to her cherished nephew Cecil Kent Drinker, a Harvard physician whom she had painted as a young boy.Winter Antiques Show Bows in for 51st Year, R. Scudder Smith, Antiques and the Arts Online Beaux was included in the 2018 exhibit Women in Paris 1850-1900 at the Clark Art Institute.
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French style secretaire writing tables were also popular in Italian furnishings, but were made uniquely Italian by adding pietra dura intricate designs on the marble slabs which covered the writing desks. Italian commodes and console tables were still relatively similar to before, yet they were more classical in style, and rather than having cabriole legs usually had elegantly decorated straight, demi-lune at most, legs.Miller (2005) p. 131 Armachairs made in Italy were based on the French Louis XVI-esque fauteuils, but were made unique by adding gilded gold and many precious and exotic decorations, such as stones and jewels etc.
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15, 16, and 17 October saw more skirmishing around Tongres.Relation de L'Expedition du Prince D'Orange dans les Pays-Bas, Secretaire d'Etat Courteville, 1568, Archives du Royaume Orange was running short of funds to pay the soldiers. The result was a mutiny in which Captain Malburg was killed and Orange himself was lucky to survive as a pistol bullet lodged in the scabbard of this sword.History of the Low-Countrey Warres written in Latine by Famianus Strada Englished by Sr Rob Stapylton Londond 1667 Moving camp 29 times, Orange sought to confront Alva in a decisive battle, but neither side could maneuver the enemy into battle in a particularly unfavorable position.
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A few fire screen desks had no screen per se but were simply lighter, narrower, and extremely thinner versions of the high secretary desk put on some form of permanent trestle mount. Their high form shielded the user's face from the heat of the flames while the open trestle mount at the bottom exposed the feet. They were basically a smaller version of a French form called Secretaire en portefeuille. The fire screen desk was often designed for use by a person of a specific gender: those designed for use by a female frequently had complex ornamentation and were generally smaller (light enough to be transported easily by a lady's maid) than those designed for use by a male.
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Campaign Map of Prince of Orange vs Duke of Alva October 1568 Prince William of Orange assembled his army at Aix (now Vaalserberg, French mont de Vaals) while the prince and his dignitaries met in Chateau Withem (Now Wittem, Dutch: Kasteel van Wittem). Setting off on 5 October, the army crossed the river Meuse during the night and on 6 October they occupied the fortified town of Stockem (or Stockheim, now part of Dilsen-Stokkem). The next day, the fortified town of Tongres (Now Tongeren, Walloon: Tongue, Dutch: Tongeren, German: Tongern) also opened the gates to Orange.Relation de L'Expedition du Prince D'Orange dans les Pays-Bas, Secretaire d'Etat Courteville, 1568, Archives du Royaume Orange's army included German 16,000 foot, 8,000 horse, and French and Low Dutch 2,000 foot and 2,000 horse.
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Beyond his success in the fields of gardening and natural history, Dezallier d'Argenville was a print collector. He organised his extensive collection by subject rather than by school, as outlined in the 'Lettre sur le choix et l'arrangement d'un Cabinet curieux…' that he published in the Mercure de France in 1727.'Lettre sur le choix et l'arrangement d'un Cabinet curieux, écrite par M. Dezallier d'Argenville, Secretaire (sic) du Roy en la Grande Chancellerie, à M. Fougeroux, Tresorier-Paeur des Rentes de l'Hôte, de Ville', "Mercure de France", June 1727, pp. 1294–1330. Within the 'Lettre', which takes the form of an article, Dezallier d'Argenville describes 'Three volumes containing the clothing and fashion of the different nations of the world', and a further volume documenting costumes from his native France.
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III, Tappan, Whittemore, and Mason, Boston, Mass., 1848 Merchant Leavitt had reached the apogee of the Manhattan social whirl, with American furniture maker Duncan Phyfe producing furniture for the successful businessman.Winter Antique Show Bows in for 51st Year, R. Scudder Smith, Antiques and the Arts Online One Duncan Phyfe piece, an ebonized and gilt bronze-mounted rosewood secretaire, described by experts as "one of the ten finest pieces of American furniture made in the first half of the nineteenth century", escaped the clutches of Leavitt's creditors and eventually descended to artist granddaughter Beaux, who left it in turn to her beloved nephew Cecil Drinker, a Harvard University physician. By 1850 New York newspapers were heralding the upcoming marriage of the daughter of the prosperous Connecticut-born merchant to the scion of a French-family-owned silk-manufacturing firm.
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Relation de L'Expedition du Prince D'Orange dans les Pays-Bas, Secretaire d'Etat Courteville, 1568, Archives du Royaume Orange pillaged the abbey of St Tron and compelled the abbot to pay twenty thousand crowns for his ransom.A Gazetteer of the Netherlands: Containing a Full Account of All the Cities, Towns, and Villages, in the Seventeen Provinces, and the Bishoprick of Liege G.G. & J. Robinson, 1794 - Netherlands Alva had ordered nearby Leeuw (now Zoutleeuw or French Léau) to send its garrison to reinforce Thilmont. That left the Leeuw fortifications defenseless, so when a foraging party led by Orange's brother Louis arrived, it had to yield.Verborgen geschiedenis Van een opgehangen schepen en twee “heksen”, Gaston Pulinckx 2006 Zoutpot On 12 October, in a minor skirmish, Alva attacked some stragglers of Orange's force, killing 600 of Orange’s army and capturing about 100 wagons of baggage.
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The commanders included Orange and his brother Louis, Casimire son of Palsgrame, Count Suarzemburg, two dukes of Saxony: Count Hochstrat and William Lume, and one of the Counts de Marca.History of the Low-Countrey Warres written in Latine by Famianus Strada Englished by Sr Rob Stapylton Londond 1667. Troops in his force include those of Canon Philippe de la Marek, brother of William II de la Marck, Baron of Lummen, Jean d'Haultepenne, Lord Barvéa, Baron of Brandenburg, the young Lord of Haneiïe, Seigneur de Lavaux-Sainte-Anne Everard de Merode, Seigneur du Val, the Lord of Bétho, master of his artillery Guillaume de Prez (also known as de Barchon), quarter-master André Bourlette, Philippe de Neuliorge, Érard Spirinck, Edmond de Marne, his brother Hubert, Bernard de Haccourt, and Guillaume de Crahain.Relation de L'Expedition du Prince D'Orange dans les Pays-Bas, Secretaire d'Etat Courteville, 1568, Archives du Royaume The problem for Orange was supplies.
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He retained premises in the fashionable rue Saint-Honoré near the church of Saint-Roch, across from the passage of the Académie de Musique. From 1765 to 1771 he provided furniture ordered by the Menus-Plaisirs:Georges Wildenstein, Rapports d'Experts Mille Sept Cent Douze à Mille Sept Cent Quartre-Vingt, :91f, reporting a procès-verbal of 1 July 1767, concerning a pair of commodes and a secretaire en suite Macret delivered to J.B. Gaillard de Beaumanoir in Paris, in which Macret's expert witness was Adrien Delorme. a commode of ca 1770 branded for the Garde-Meuble de la dauphine Marie- Antoinette, is now at Versailles.Inv. V 4132, gift of Florence Gould, 1965 (illustrated in Objets d'art: mélanges en l'honneur de Daniel Alcouffe, 2004:273, fig. 1). Macret also worked on occasion for the fashionable marchand-mercier Lazare Duvaux, for in the inventory compiled on Duvaux's death in 1758, Macret appears among the creditors: he was owed the considerable sum of 1169 livres.
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The Evenden desk delivered to President Hayes does not accord with the plan held at Greenwich except for the order that it "be made from the timbers of the late Arctic Ship Resolute". The design plan for the desk provided for ornate features to be incorporated into the proposed Library Table were tabulated on the September 9, 1879, Design Plans under the caption "References" as follows: An image of the desk purporting to be the gift delivered to President Hayes appeared as a steel engraving in the December 11, 1880, issue of Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, New York, captioned: "Secretaire Made From the Timbers of the British Arctic Ship Resolute and Presented by Queen Victoria to the President of the United States". Beneath the half page image is a related article, which describes the desk inaccurately: The image and the written description in the newspaper article are not of the Evenden President's Desk delivered on November 23, 1880, but depicts the desk in the Admiralty's September 9, 1879, design plan for the library table.
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The small cities that did yield were insufficient to sustain the large army. He had hoped to support his army with supplies from Protestant Germany, that would pass through Liège. However, the Prince-Bishop of Liège, Gerard van Groesbeeck, opposed any help to Orange. The burgomasters of Liège also declined to allow raising of pioneers in the area. Orange had the audacity to write to the Prince Bishop of Liège extorting 100,000 ecus, which was also declined.Relation de L'Expedition du Prince D'Orange dans les Pays-Bas, Secretaire d'Etat Courteville, 1568, Archives du Royaume On 7 October Alva set out from Maastricht with his army. His commanders included: Don Fadrique de Toledo (Alva's son), Don Fenand de Toledo (another son of Alva), Maitre de Camp Marquis de Cetenona Chiappin Vitelli, Berlaymont, Noircarmes, Conte de Meghem, Sre Francisco d’Yvarra (sent as an advisor by the Spanish King), and De La Cressionaire. Alva sent 10 ensigns ahead to reinforce Thilmont (Now Tienen, French: Tirlemont). His main army consisted of one squadron infantry under Conte de Meghem, one under Berlaymont, and one initially under Alva’s own command, later delegated to Conte de Lalaine.
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