They can be referred to as "gound" or "rheum"; these terms generally refer to any discharge that comes from mucus-producing areas like your eyes, nose, or mouth.
|
|
Rheum lhasaense is a plant from eastern Tibet belonging to the genus Rheum in family Polygonaceae. It is a mid-sized rhubarb species with triangular leaves and spherical fruit.
|
|
Within the subfamily Polygonoideae, Rumex is placed in the tribe Rumiceae, along with the two genera Oxyria and Rheum. It is most closely related to Rheum, which includes Rhubarb.
|
|
Chinese rhubarb depicted by Michał Boym (1655) Rhubarb (), used medicinally for its root, was one of the first herbs to be exported from China.Rhubarb James Ford Bell Library University of Minnesota (accessed January 12, 2015) :TCM Information: :Species: Rheum palmatum, Rheum ranguticum, or Rheum officinale. :Pinyin: Da Huang. :Common Name: Rhubarb Root and Rhizome.
|
|
Rheum palmatum Rheum palmatum is a species of flowering plant in the knotweed family Polygonaceae. It is commonly called Chinese rhubarb, ornamental rhubarb, Turkey rhubarb or East Indian rhubarb. Rheum palmatum is a herbaceous perennial related to the edible rhubarb. It is primarily used in traditional medicine, and as an ornamental subject in the garden.
|
|
Rheum rhaponticum, the false rhubarb, rhapontic rhubarb or rhapontic, is a plant species in the genus Rheum found in the wild. It is the only Rheum species found only in Europe, and is now restricted to the Rila mountain range in south-western Bulgaria. It was introduced to other countries in Europe. It is considered to be one of the parents of the modern culinary rhubarb.
|
|
Rheum ribes in early May in situ at Karasakal Mt., Tufanbeyli, near Adana, Turkey.
|
|
The name Rheum rhaponticum has also been applied in a broad sense to culinary rhubarb.
|
|
Rheum ribes growing in Iran Rheum species are herbaceous perennials growing from fleshy roots. They have upright growing stems and mostly basal, deciduous leaves growing from short, thick rhizomes. They have persistent or deciduous ocrea. The inflorescences are terminal and panicle-like with pedicels.
|
|
The root of the "Chinese rhubarb", or "da huang" (大黄), either Rheum palmatum, or Rheum officinale, is an important herb that is used primarily as a laxative in TCM. The degree of potency depends on how long the root is cooked during preparation after harvesting.
|
|
In the case of allergic conjunctivitis, the buildup of rheum can be considerable, preventing the sufferer from opening the eye upon waking without prior cleansing of the eye area. The presence of pus in an instance of heavy rheum buildup can indicate dry eye or conjunctivitis, among other infections. In infants, the tear ducts (that drain the tears) occasionally fail to open, resulting in the overflow of tears onto the cheeks (epiphora) and rheum deposition on the surrounding skin.
|
|
Rheum rhabarbarum (syn. R. undulatum) was one of a number of distinct species grown in Europe before the beginning of the 18th century. Initially the roots of a related species, possibly R. rhaponticum, were used for medicinal purposes. A putative hybrid of unknown origin, Rheum × hybridum, was also grown.
|
|
Ann Rheum Dis doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204309 These genes are located on the long arm of chromosome 8(8q22.1).
|
|
Orange: What? Signor Whiff? What fortune has brought you into these west parts? Shift: Troth, signor, nothing but your rheum.
|
|
Some anthrone derivatives can be extracted from a variety of plants, including Rhamnus frangula, Aloe ferox, Rheum officinale, and Cassia senna.
|
|
Many cultivars have been developed for human consumption, most of which are recognised as Rheum × hybridum by the Royal Horticultural Society.
|
|
Hypoglycemic activity of Iraqi Rheum ribes root extract. Pharmaceutical Biology, May 2009, Vol. 47, No. 5 : Pages 380-383 The plant is also used as a digestive and appetizer in Bitlis, Turkey.Hanefi Özbek, Ebubekir Ceylan, Mehmet Kara, Fevzi Özgökçe, Mehmet Koyuncu (2004), Hypoglycemic effect of Rheum ribes roots in alloxan induced diabetic and normal mice . Scand.
|
|
Poisonous plants in Britain and their effects on animals and man. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, England. Rheum x hybridum, rhubarb. Thepoisongarden.co.uk (2013-11-17).
|
|
It is formed by a combination of mucus (in the case of the eyes, consisting of mucin discharged from the cornea or the conjunctiva), nasal mucus, blood cells, skin cells, or dust. Rheum from the eyes is particularly common. Dried rheum is commonly called sleep, sleepy-seeds, sleepy buds,Eric Partridge, Paul Beale, ed., A Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English, 8th edition, 1984, s.v.
|
|
R. rhaponticum was the first rhubarb plant ever to be seen by Europeans, but it took some time before Europeans accepted that rhubarb was harvested from Rheum.
|
|
Habitus Rheum webbianum is a perennial herbaceous plant which grows from in height. It has a stout, hollow stem bearing the inflorescence, this is finely sulcate (with many fine fissures in profile) and glabrous (hairless) or covered in papilla (papilliferous) on the surface of its upper part. This plant is very variable, especially in the leaf size and plant height. Leaf of Rheum webbianum in the Giardino Botanico Alpino Viote.
|
|
This species is present in Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa), India (Kashmir, Uttarakhand), western Nepal and southwest Tibet. Rheum webbianum habitus It is very common in the Himalayas.
|
|
Rheum ribes, the Syrian rhubarb or currant-fruited rhubarb,Australian New Crops or warty-leaved rhubarb,RHS Horticultural Database is an edible wild rhubarb species in the genus Rheum. It grows between 1000 and 4000 m on dunite rocks, among stones and slopes, and is now distributed in the temperate and subtropical regions of the world, chiefly in Western Asia (Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia) to Afghanistan and Pakistan and also in ladakh(Kargil) region of India. The Syrian rhubarb is a partially commercial vegetable collected from the nature in Eastern and Southern Anatolia, Northern Iraq and partly Northwestern Iran in early spring. Rheum ribes is considered as a valuable medicinal species in herbal medicine.
|
|
Rheum australe, synonym Rheum emodi, is a flowering plant in the family Polygonaceae. It is commonly known as Himalayan rhubarb,, Indian rhubarb and Red-veined pie plant. It is a medicinal herb used in the Indian Unani system of medicine, and formerly in the European system of medicine where it was traded as Indian rhubarb. The plant is found in the sub-alpine and alpine Himalayas at an altitude of 4000 m.
|
|
Altman RD, Dean DD, Muniz O, et al. Therapeutic treatment of osteoarthritis with glycosaminoglycan polysulfuric acid ester. Arth Rheum 1989;32:1300–1307. inhibit the production of prostaglandin E2,Dietmar EGG.
|
|
Rheum officinale, the Chinese rhubarb, or Indian rhubarb is a rhubarb from the family Polygonaceae native to China. In Chinese it is called yào yòng dà huáng (), literally meaning medicinal rhubarb.
|
|
Rheum webbianum is a species of herbaceous perennial rhubarb-relative in the family PolygonaceaeBiolib from the southwestern Himalayan region, known in (Indian) English as Indian rhubarb, Gilgiti rhubarb or small Himalayan rhubarb.
|
|
Rheum is placed in the family Polygonaceae, subfamily Polygonoideae. Within the subfamily, it is in the tribe Rumiceae, along with the two genera Oxyria and Rumex. It is most closely related to Rumex.
|
|
The precise limits between Arctium and Cousinia are hard to define; there is an exact correlation between their molecular phylogeny. The burdocks are sometimes confused with the cockleburs (genus Xanthium) and rhubarb (genus Rheum).
|
|
The genus Rheum was erected in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus, initially for three species: R. rhaponticum, R. rhabarbarum and R. ribes. Linnaeus did not explain the origin of the genus name. Rheum is usually derived from the Greek rheon, mentioned by Dioscorides as an alternative name for medicinal rhubarb; the word rheon is itself thought to be derived from the (old) Persian rewend. Dioscorides calls the plant rha, but mentions the Romans call it rha ponticum, and it was also called ria or rheon.
|
|
The genus was first described by John Hill in 1765. It is placed in the subfamily Polygonoideae, tribe Rumiceae, along with Rheum and Rumex. It is sister to the clade formed by the other two species.
|
|
5 species of plant were put into the 'Red Book of Russian Federation', they are Steppe peony (Paeonia hybrida), Altai rhubarb (Rheum altaicum), Altai daphne (Daphne altaica), Ludwig iris (Iris ludwigii) and Siberian adder's-tongue (Erythronium sibiricum).
|
|
Qaleh Tir Mahi.Zibad Gonabad Sarv Zibad and mount Zibad Zibad Zibad Rheum or red Rheum Iran TirMahi Kūh-Zibad (persian: کوه زیبد) its peak also called Tir Mahi [ Kūh-e Tīr Māhī] hos [ Geonames.org (cc-by)]; post uppdaterad 2012-04-06; databasdump nerladdad 2016-08-15 is a mountain in the province of Razavi Khorasan, city of Gonabad District Zibad in the eastern part of the country, 700 km east of the capital Tehran. The Peak of the Moantain is called Qole -e Tir Mahi is above sea level, or above the surrounding terrain .
|
|
Loosely branched clusters of matured red flowers found on the lobed-leafed Chinese rhubarb. Habit of Rheum palmatum Its lobed leaves are large, jagged and hand- shaped, growing in width to two feet. Chinese rhubarb has thick, deep roots.
|
|
On the other hand, thrombosis and aneurysms of the large cerebral arteries are rarely reported.Tunc R, Saip S, Siva A, Yazici H. Cerebral venous thrombosis is associated with major vessel disease in Behçet's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2004; 63: 1693–94.
|
|
The cut-up and dry root of Chinese rhubarb Rheum tanguticum, R. rhabarbarum and R. officinale and a few others, are all harvested for their roots, which are used as a herbal medicine. This became one of the most prominent items traded along the Silk Road. Imported roots of various rhubarb species were widely used in Europe for hundreds of years before the identity of the plant was eventually discovered. Some of the common names associated with Rheum palmatum—"Russian rhubarb", "Turkey rhubarb", and "Indian rhubarb"—are directly affiliated with the trade routes for rhubarb from China.
|
|
Prophylactic treatment of canine osteoarthritis with glycosaminoglycan polysulfuric acid ester. Arth Rheum 1989;32:759-766. However, mixed results have been reported on its ability to actually repair cartilaginous defects present at time of injection.McIlwraith CW, Frisbie DD, Kawcak CE. Polysulfated Glycosaminoglycan. Proc.
|
|
The species Rheum tanguticum is closely related to R. palmatum. R. palmatum can be distinguished from R. × hybridum, the garden rhubarb we eat, by size; while garden rhubarb only grows to a few feet in height, Chinese rhubarb can grow to six feet.
|
|
Effect of osteoprotegerin and osteoprotegerin ligand on human arthroplasty macrophage-osteoclast differentiation. Ann Rheum Dis 59: 26 - 31 He also characterised inflammatory criteria for the histological diagnosis of infection using frozen section procedureAthanasou NA, Pandey R, de Steiger R, Crook D, McLardy-Smith P. (1995).
|
|
RheumFrom Ancient Greek ῥῆον. is a genus of about 60 herbaceous perennial plants in the family Polygonaceae. Species are native to eastern Europe, southern and eastern temperate Asia, with a few reaching into northern tropical Asia. Rheum is cultivated in Europe and North America.
|
|
The species epithet honours Philip Barker Webb, a botanist from the 19th century. The type is kept at the herbarium of the Liverpool Museum. In the 1998 Flora Republicae popularis Sinicae A. R. Li classifies R. webbianum in section Rheum together with R. compactum, R. likiangense and R. wittrockii.
|
|
J. Lab. Anim. Sci. No. 2. 2004. Vol. 31 Traditional herbal medicine stem and root dry plant for the treatment of anemia, anorexia, weakness, anxiety, depression and diabetes.Sayyah M, Boostani H, Pakseresht S, Malayeri A. Efficacy of hydroalcoholic extract of Rheum ribes L. in treatment of major depressive disorder.
|
|
Botanical details Rheum nobile, the Sikkim rhubarb or noble rhubarb or पदमचाल, is a giant herbaceous plant native to the Himalaya, from northeastern Afghanistan, east through northern Pakistan and India, Nepal, Sikkim (in India), Bhutan, and Tibet to Myanmar, occurring in the alpine zone at 4000–4800 m altitude. It is an extraordinary species of rhubarb (genus Rheum). At 1–2 m tall, the monocarpic inflorescences of R. nobile tower above the other shrubs and low herbs in its habitat, and it is visible across valleys a mile away. R. nobile is often called a glasshouse plant because of its outer curtain of translucent bracts which pass visible light, creating a greenhouse effect, while blocking ultraviolet radiation.
|
|
Immature inflorescences for sale at the historical market in Kadıköy, Istanbul, Turkey. The edible part of the plant is the flowering stem, which is eaten raw or cooked (ekşili ışgınElazığ Cuisine and ışkınlı yumurta [lit. 'eggs with wild rhubarb, Rheum ribes'] in Elâzığ, Turkey; khoresh rivas [خورش ریواس] or "Persian rhubarb stew" in Iran) by the local people of Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan.Seval Andıç, Yusuf Tunçtürk, Elvan Ocak and Senol Köse (2009), Some Chemical Characteristics of Edible Wild Rhubarb Species (Rheum Ribes L.), Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 5(6): 973-977, 2009 The flowering stem (the petiole) is often eaten raw as salad, sometimes sold in the local markets of Northern Balochistan.
|
|
Rheum rhaponticum is a robust perennial herbaceous plant growing from a woody rhizome. It has large, undivided leaves, with succulent petioles (stalks). The blade of the leaf is up to 50 cm long, and is wider than its length. The leaves are heart-shaped at the base with five prominent nerves.
|
|
Isoquercetin, isoquercitrin or isotrifoliin is a flavonoid, a type of chemical compound. It is the 3-O-glucoside of quercetin. Isoquercitrin can be isolated from various plant species including Mangifera indica (mango) and Rheum nobile (the Noble rhubarb). It is also present in the leaves of Annona squamosa, Camellia sinensis (tea).
|
|
The overgrown petioles of rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum) are edible. Petiolated leaves have a petiole (leaf stalk), and are said to be petiolate. Sessile (epetiolate) leaves have no petiole and the blade attaches directly to the stem. Subpetiolate leaves are nearly petiolate or have an extremely short petiole and may appear to be sessile.
|
|
The Doctor suspects that Morpheus has transformed the rheum in the corner of the eye into a carnivorous lifeform which digested the crew. The gravity shields are powered down before the Doctor fixes them. During this, a Sandman appears to consume Rassmussen. Chopra, Deep-Ando, and 474 are also killed during their escape.
|
|
Arthritis Rheum. 2000 Sep; 43(9):2041-5. Two mutations have been found in a protein called CD2 binding protein 1 (CD2BP1).Wise CA, Gillum JD, Seidman CE, Lindor NM, Veile R, Bashiardes S, Lovett M. Mutations in CD2BP1 disrupt binding to PTP PEST and are responsible for PAPA syndrome, an autoinflammatory disorder.
|
|
Rheum ribes is the source of one of the most important crude drugs in West Asiatic regions. These plant vitamins A, B, C are seen in abundance. Syrian rhubarb root (Rhizoma Rhei ribi) is used traditionally to treat diabetes, hemorrhoids, ulcers, and diarrhea.Aladdin M. Naqishbandi, Knud Josefsen, Mikael Egebjerg Pedersen, Anna K. Jäger.
|
|
J Pathol 225:151-156 In addition, his work has studied synovial and inflammatory macrophages and their role in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, infection and Paget disease.Fujikawa Y, Sabokbar A, Neale S, Athanasou NA. (1996) Human osteoclast formation and bone resorption by monocytes and synovial macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 55: 1 – 7 Itonaga I, Fujikawa Y, Sabokbar A, Athanasou NA. (2000). The effect of osteoprotegerin and osteoprotegerin ligand on human arthroplasty macrophage-osteoclast differentiation. Ann Rheum Dis 59: 26 - 31. Knowles H, Moskovsky L, Thompson MS, Grunhen J, Chen X, Kashima T, Athanasou NA (2012) Chondroclasts are mature osteoclasts which are capable of cartilage matrix resorption Virchows Archiv 46:205-210 Sun SG, Lau YS, Itonaga I, Sabokbar A, Athanasou NA. (2006).
|
|
The term rheumatism stems from the Late Latin rheumatismus, ultimately from Greek ῥευματίζομαι "to suffer from a flux", with rheum meaning bodily fluids, i.e. any discharge of blood or bodily fluid. Before the 17th century, the joint pain which was thought to be caused by viscous humours seeping into the joints was always referred to as gout, a word adopted in Middle English from Old French gote "a drop; the gout, rheumatism", not to be confused with the present day specific term referring to excess of uric acid. The English term rheumatism in the current sense has been in use since the late 17th century, as it was believed that chronic joint pain was caused by excessive flow of rheum which means bodily fluids into a joint.
|
|
Rheum species have been recorded as larval food plants for some Lepidoptera species such as the buff ermine, Spilarctia luteum, as well as Arctia caja, Hydraecia micacea and Xestia baja. Rheum species are often the host plants for myrmecophilous caterpillars of the butterfly genus Callophrys; Callophrys titanus feeds on R. maximowiczii in southern Kazakhstan, C. mystaphia on R. ribes in eastern Turkey,Van Gölü Havzasında Kelebek Çeşitliliği (Diversity of the butterflies in Van Lake Basin East Turkey) by Muhabbet Kemal, 2008 and C. mystaphioides on R. persicum in southwest and central Iran. The caterpillars of the related Lycaena violacea from southeastern Siberia are only known to feed on R. rhabarbarum. R. ribes leaves are food for the moth Xylena exsoleta in eastern Turkey.
|
|
Rheum ribes was first formally described in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus. It was one of three species of Rheum described in Species Plantarum volume 1. Linnaeus referred to five earlier authors who had described the plant: Johann Jacob Dillenius, Jacob Breyne (who calls it a Lapathum, known as Ribes arabicum), Richard Pococke (who published in 1745 a description of his travels in the Near East and who brought seeds to England from Lebanon), Leonhard Rauwolf and Gaspard Bauhin. In 1936 Losina- Losinskaja, in Komarov's Flora SSSR, classifies this species in section Ribesiformia, in which she also places R. maximowiczii, R. fedtschenkoi, R. cordatum, R. hissaricum and R. macrocarpum (and R. lobatum and R. plicatum, which are both now seen as synonyms of R. macrocarpum).
|
|
Rheum rhabarbarum was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. Linnaeus also described R. undulatum, but this is now considered to be the same species. The name rha barbarum, Latin for 'foreign rha', was first used in the writings of Celsus, who uses the word to describe a valued medicinal root imported from the east.
|
|
R. ribes, unlike many other species of rhubarb, has a fleshy, succulent epicarp around its seeds. The generic name Rheum is derived from the Greek rheon, mentioned by Dioscorides as a name for medicinal rhubarb; the word rheon is itself thought to be derived from the (old) Persian rewend, which possibly referred to this species.
|
|
Sem Arth Rheum 1993;22: 1–3. High molecular weight HA has been shown to offer better protection of articular cartilage than low molecular weight,Kikuchi T, Yamada H, Shimmei M. Effect of high molecular weight hyaluronan on cartilage degeneration in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis. Osteo Cartilage 1996;4:99 –110. and longer duration of soundness in horses with arthritis.
|
|
Rhubarb is a vegetable derived from cultivated plants in the genus Rheum in the family Polygonaceae. The whole plant – a herbaceous perennial growing from short, thick rhizomes – is also called rhubarb. Historically, different plants have been called "rhubarb" in English. The fleshy, edible stalks (petioles) of other species and hybrids (culinary rhubarb) were cooked and used for food.
|
|
Rheum ribes is the main food plant of a tiny hairstreak butterfly, Callophrys mystaphia, of which the Turkish name is ışgınzümrütü, the 'rhubarb emerald', in Adiyaman, Hakkâri, Iğdır, Kahramanmaraş, Kars, Siirt and Van provinces in southeastern and eastern Turkey.TRAKEL (Türkiye'nin Anonim Kelebekleri)Van Gölü Havzasında Kelebek Çeşitliliği (Diversity of the butterflies in Van Lake Basin East Turkey) by Muhabbet Kemal, 2008 This butterfly had not been seen since its description in 1913 (it turned out that the butterflies identified under this name in the former Soviet territories were in fact a different species), but in 2007–2008 it was rediscovered and its host plant was found. This animal has a distribution closely localised to Rheum populations, and has only been found in Turkey. R. ribes leaves are the food plant of the moth Xylena exsoleta in Van Province, Turkey.
|
|
Hyperoside has been isolated from Drosera rotundifolia, from the Lamiaceae Stachys sp. and Prunella vulgaris, from Rumex acetosella, Cuscuta chinensis seeds, from St John's wort and from Camptotheca acuminata. It is one of the phenolic compounds in the invasive plant Carpobrotus edulis and contributes to the antibacterial properties of the plant. In Rheum nobile and R. rhaponticum, it serves as a UV blocker found in the bracts.
|
|
HMC Salisbury Hatfield, vol. 15 (London, 1930), p. 384. On 24 April 1604 with Lancelot Browne he recommended the waters at Spa in Belgium to Henry Jerningham senior of Costessey for "all such griefs as he does complain of, namely the rheum, vertigo, convulsions, palsye, melancholia, hypochondriaca, obstructions, and the stone". This prescription was used by Jerningham to obtain a licence to travel abroad for his health.
|
|
Notable Bulgarian endemic species include Rila primrose (Primula deorum) and rhapontic rhubarb (Rheum rhaponticum); taxa restricted to the Balkans include Bulgarian avens (Geum bulgaricum), yellow columbine (Aquilegia aurea), Bulgarian gentian (Gentianella bulgarica), Balkanian butterwort (Pinguicula balcanica), Crocus veluchensis, Dianthus microlepis, etc. The non- vascular flora includes 974 algae, 313 moss and 251 lichen species. The fungi are represented by 665 species, including 64 mushrooms listed in the Red Book of Bulgaria.
|
|
APLAR is a confederation of individual Rheumatology Associations that represent different countries of the Asia-Pacific. The office bearers are nominated and elected by the individual member states. The executive consists of the President, Secretary General, Vice President, Treasurer, Deputy Secretary General, immediate past President, President Elect besides the Editor of the association journal (Int J of Rheum Dis). In addition there are subcommittees and special interest groups.
|
|
It is very similar to the species Rheum palaestinum, being distinguished by having five central leaf veins as opposed to three, and being taller. Agnia Losina- Losinskaja considered it very similar in leaves and flowers to R. maximowiczii from further north in Central Asia, but to be distinguished from it by its much rougher stem, much longer leaf petioles and broader inflorescence. R. maximowiczii furthermore has three veins per leaf.
|
|
The Sandman is a traditional character in many children's stories and books. In Scandinavian folklore, he is said to sprinkle sand or dust on or into the eyes of children at night to bring on sleep and dreams.Walsh, William Shepard. "Sandman", Heroes and Heroines of Fiction, Classical Mediæval, Legendary, J.B. Lippincott, 1915 The grit or "sleep" (rheum) in one's eyes upon waking is the supposed result of the Sandman's work the previous night.
|
|
George W. Staples and Derral R. Herbst "A Tropical Garden Flora" Bishop Museum Press: Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. (2005) The seeds of two species of Fagopyrum, known as buckwheat (sarrasin in French), provide grain (its dark flour is known as blé noir (black wheat) in France). The petioles of rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum and hybrids) are a food item. The leaves of the common sorrel (Rumex acetosa) are eaten in salads or as a leaf vegetable.
|
|
Like Rheum australe, the roots of this species are harvested from the wild to make the drug Indian rhubarb; this was formerly an important drug in Western medicine, and is still used in Unani medicine. In Pakistan locals eat the leaf stalk cooked as in the West. The root is used as a purgative. In the Chitral valley the stems of the unripe inflorescence and leaf stalks are also eaten raw for the taste.
|
|
This condition was first described in 1986.Bulutlar G, Yazici H, Ozdogan H, Schreuder I (1986) A familial syndrome of pericarditis, arthritis, camptodactyly and coxa vara. Arthritis Rheum 29:436–438 and is a syndrome of camptodactyly, arthropathy, coxa vara and pericarditis.Offiah AC, Woo P, Prieur AM, Hasson N, Hall CM (2005) Camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis syndrome versus juvenile idiopathic arthropathy. AJR Am J Roentgenol 185(2):522-529 It may also include congenital cataracts.
|
|
According to the 2003 key in the Flora of China, this species is distinguishable from other large-fruited species of Rheum: R. forrestii, R. likiangense and R. compactum, by having triangular-shaped leaves and purplish flowers, the others having white or yellowish flowers, and different shaped, never triangular, leaves. In the key in the 1989 Plants of Central Asia it is compared with R. pumilum, from which it chiefly differs by being larger in all aspects.
|
|
Bone stromal cells in Paget's disease and Paget's sarcoma express RANKL and support human osteoclast formation. J Pathology 209: 114 – 120 His work on hip and knee implants focused on the importance of biomaterial wear particles on promoting osteoclast formation, osteolysis and implant loosening.Sabokbar AS, Fujikawa Y, Neale S, Murray D, Athanasou NA. (1997) Human arthroplasty-derived macrophages differentiate into osteoclastic bone-resorbing cells. Ann Rheum Dis 56: 414 – 420 Itonaga I, Fujikawa Y, Sabokbar A, Athanasou NA. (2000).
|
|
This creates an increased need to focus on plant conservation in these areas, ensuring sustainable harvest as well as ecosystem sustainability. Some of the species harvested in Nepal include Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora, Nardostachys grandiflora, Aconitum spicatum, Dioscorea deltoidea, Aconitum heterophyllum, Rheum australe, Bergenia, and Epimerantha macraei. In the Indian Himalayas, the alpine medicinal plants such as Dactylorhiza hatagirea, Picrorhiza kurrooa, Aconitum heterophyllum, Fritillaria roylei, Podophyllum hexandrum are under severe pressure due to over-exploitation for commercial purposes.
|
|
Young rhubarb flowers The word rhubarb is likely to have derived in the 14th century from the Old French , which came from the Latin and Greek , meaning 'foreign rhubarb'. The Greek physician Dioscorides used the Greek word (), whereas Galen later used (), Latin . These in turn derive from a Persian name for species of Rheum. The specific epithet rhaponticum, applying to one of the presumed parents of the cultivated plant, means 'rha from the region of the Black Sea'.
|
|
A homemade rhubarb pie The species Rheum ribes has been eaten in the Islamic world since the 10th century.Perry, Charles (trans.) An Anonymous Andalusian Cookbook of the 13th Century In Northern Europe and North America the stalks are commonly cut into pieces and stewed with added sugar until soft. The resulting compote, sometimes thickened with corn starch, can then be used in pies, tarts and crumbles. Alternatively, greater quantities of sugar can be added with pectin to make jams.
|
|
Pagel: Biographical Dictionary Excellent doctors of the nineteenth century. Berlin, Vienna 1901, 428-429 Sp In the late 19th century he provided a comprehensive description of periarthritis of the shoulder, a condition known today as scapulohumeral periarthritis, and sometimes referred to as "Duplay's disease".Periarthritis of the shoulder Ann. rheum. Dis. (1976) 35, 213 With German surgeon Karl Thiersch (1822-1895), his name is associated with an operation for repair of distal hypospadias (Thiersch-Duplay technique).
|
|
Rheum rhaponticum was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. Linnaeus knew the plant only from cultivated specimens grown at Uppsala in Sweden and in the Netherlands. These were derived from plants grown the early 17th century in the Padua botanic garden, collected by a former student of the botanic garden, Francisco Crasso, in what was then known as Thrace. Plants from the Rila mountain range have been compared to those in Linnaeus's herbarium and are considered to be the same species.
|
|
Adults are on wing from mid May to July in one generation per year. The larvae feed on a wide range of plants and are considered a pest on apples and pears.Bug Guide Recorded host plants include: Medicago, Malus, Prunus, Taxodium distichum, Phaseolus, Vaccinium, Betula, Acer negundo, Aesculus, Ceanothus, Cercocarpus, Citrus, Quercus, Eriodictyon, Vitis, Crataegus, Carya, Gleditsia triacanthos, Humulus, Syringa, Avena, Allium, Maclura pomifera, Pyrus, Rheum, Sassafras and Juglans species. First instar larvae bore into the buds of their host plant.
|
|
Carctol is a herbal dietary supplement marketed with claims it is based on traditional ayurvedic medicine. Its ingredients include Hemidesmus indicus, Tribulus terrestris, Piper cubeba, Ammani vesicatoria, Lepidium sativum, Blepharis edulis, Smilax china, and Rheum australe (syn. R. emodi). It was In 2009, Edzard Ernst wrote that it was still promoted in the United Kingdom; public relations companies hired by its sellers had garnered it wide coverage on the web and, according to the British Medical Journal, in the media generally.
|
|
The logo for the koala exhibit was designed by manga artist Akira Toriyama in 1984. Garden collections include Aconitum, Camellia, Gentiana, Glycyrrhiza, Papaver, Rheum, and native wild flora, as well as a greenhouse, insect hall, and a Japanese garden. The Higashiyama Sky Tower allows visitors a view of Nagoya from its observation decks, and also features a restaurant 100 metres above ground. As of 2010, Higashiyama Zoo had the 2nd most annual park visits of any zoo in Japan, behind only the Ueno Zoo in Tokyo.
|
|
The Doctor silently monitors the Sandmen and realises that Rassmussen is making them blind by hijacking the visual receptors in the rheum in the Sandmen and in the eyes of anyone who has used Morpheus to collate video footage. They make their way to the ship but Rassmussen is alive, trapping them in a room with a Sandman. Rassmussen plans to use the ship to return to Triton and release Morpheus there with the Sandman, which he says is now spread by spores. Nagata shoots Rassmussen.
|
|
The first of a series of successful clinical trials was performed in 1992 at Charing Cross Hospital, using the antibody infliximab from Centocor, a biotech now part of Johnson and Johnson. The success led to other companies joining the race to market. By 1998,Elliott, M.J., Maini, R.N., Feldmann, M., Long-Fox, A., Charles, P., Katsikis, P., Brennan, F.M., Walker, J., Bijl, H., Ghrayeb, J. and Woody, J. (1993) Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with chimeric monoclonal antibodies to TNF-alpha. Arth. Rheum 36: 1681-90.
|
|
Rheum rhabarbarum is a species of flowering plant in the family Polygonaceae, native to southern Siberia to north and central China. It has been harvested from the wild for centuries for its root, which was harvested for use as a popular medicine in Europe and Asia. It was later cultivated for its root in England and Russia. It is considered to be one of the species involved in the development of culinary rhubarb, for which the scientific name R. rhabarbarum is sometimes (erroneously) used.
|
|
The roots of Rheum officinale are used in traditional Chinese medicine. They are considered as a kind of "cold" herbs, used as a laxative in patients with constipation, sometimes accompanied by fever and even delirium. It is thought that rhubarbs can improve poor circulation, especially being helpful to remove bodily aggregates which result from poor circulation. In Chinese traditional medicine, R. officinale, in combination with a large variety of other herbs and modern medicine, has been used for the treatment of hepatitis B, although the results were found to be inconclusive.
|
|
University research projects include cooking oil with increased shelf life and a patented project called ‘A Herbal Antioxidant System for Chewing Gum Stability’. The university has established an international-level medical diagnosis center and introduced mineral water with the name of ‘Khus Aab’ (Persian for Pleasant Water), which it exports to Abu Dhabi. A Researcher "Dr. Amin" at the university produced a new version of the Paracetamol (Solvent free synthesis of paracetamol) tablet that is not as injurious to the liver, using the hepatoprotective effects of Rheum australe (R.
|
|
After harvest the villagers removing almond hulls, Pendro (2007) Pendro has a hundreds species of plants, some of species are introduced and non-native. More than 70% the area of the Pendro is forested, with stands of Plane tree, Oak, Quercus infectoria, Chestnut, Pistacia atlantica, Almond, Walnut, Fig, Vitis, Pear, Morus nigra, Apricot, Plum, Apple, Pomegranate, Peach, Quince, Sumac and other valuable trees. Mountain herbs such as Mushroom, Ferulago, Fennel, Wild leek, Carduus nutans, Arum, Allium, Rheum ribes and many other mountain herbs. In flowers include Narcissus, Fritillaria imperialis, Papaver rhoeas and other beautiful flowers.
|
|
Many Rheum species have food and medicinal uses. Some of these uses originated in Asia more than 2,000 years ago. All parts of the plant contain slightly poisonous oxalic acid, but its concentration in the leaf stems or petioles used in food preparation is very low, and their tart flavor instead is caused by nontoxic malic acid. The plants also produce other compounds, including citric acid and anthraquinone glycosides, and the raw or cooked leaf blades are poisonous to humans and livestock if consumed in large enough amounts.
|
|
It is found in the Himalayan mountains, of India, (including the states of Himachal Pradesh, Jammu, and Uttarakhand (including the former kingdom of Kumaon,)) and in Pakistan, (including in the districts of Chitral, Swat, Gilgit, Hazara), Mansehra District, and Kashmir. It was also found in Western Tibet, and one reference also mentions Afghanistan. It is almost as widespread as Iris kemaonensis, another 'Pseudoregelia iris'. Within Mansehra District, in Pakistan, it is found in the Naran valley, at ( meters above sea level) with Rheum australe, Sibbaldia cuneata, Aster falconeri and Ranunculus hirtellus.
|
|
"Sleep No More" is the ninth episode of the ninth series of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It was first broadcast on BBC One on 14 November 2015. The episode is a found footage video engineered and narrated by Gagan Rassmussen (Reece Shearsmith), a crew member of a space station orbiting Neptune in the 38th century. In the episode, Rassmussen manufactures a perilous adventure involving Sandmen—humanoid creatures made of rheum—to make more people watch the video and allowing the spread of an electronic signal to other people's brains that will create more Sandmen.
|
|
Aloe emodin (1,8-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)anthraquinone) is an anthraquinone and a variety of emodin present in aloe latex, an exudate from the aloe plant. It has a strong stimulant-laxative action. Aloe emodin is not carcinogenic when applied to the skin, although it may increase the carcinogenicity of some kind of radiation. Aloe emodin is found in the gel, sap or leaves of aloe vera, the socotrine aloe, Barbados aloe, and Zanzibar aloes, the bark of Frangula (Rhamnus frangula) and cascara sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana), the leaves of Senna (Cassia angustifolia), and the rhizome of rhubarb (Rheum rhaponticum).
|
|
In this work he organises all Grossularia and Ribes species known at the time into 13 species, the twelfth of which is Rheum ribes, which Bauhin calls Ribes arabicum. Bauhin bases this on the work of Rauwolf, but also Clusius (who calls it Ribes legitima arabum), Camerarius (Ribes serapionis), Rembert Dodoens (Ribes serapionis foliis oxylapathi) and Pierre Belon. In 1732, Johann Jacob Dillenius published his Hortus Elthamensis – a book of rare plants grown in London – which describes this plant. He calls it a type of Lapathum (now Rumex), but mentions that it is known as Ribes arabicum.
|
|
Haploinsufficiency of A20 is a rare disease caused by mutations in the gene TNFAIP3.Demir S, Sonmez HE, OZen S (2018) Vasculitis: Decade in Review. Curr Rheumatol Rev doi: 10.2174/1573397114666180726093731Aeschlimann FA, Batu ED, Canna SW, Go E, Gül A, Hoffmann P, Leavis HL, Ozen S, Schwartz DM, Stone DL, van Royen-Kerkof A, Kastner DL, Aksentijevich I, Laxer RM (2018) A20 haploinsufficiency (HA20): clinical phenotypes and disease course of patients with a newly recognised NF-kB-mediated autoinflammatory disease. Ann Rheum Dis 77(5):728-735 doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212403 This gene is also known as A20.
|
|
G. Zambon & Co. had a small plant that produced products for chemists such as Elixir di China (Elixir of Quinine), Ferrochina (iron and quinine citrate bitters), Rheum (rhubarb) and an insecticide called ITE. In 1920, Gaetano Zambon and his partners established their product lines, founding the first laboratory for speciality products and Galenic formulations, under the brand name ZeF (Zambon and Farina), for distribution to pharmacies and hospitals. In 1930, they bought an old fertiliser plant which was to become the company’s new pharmaceutical production facility. The first Synthetic Product Department was established in 1933, completing the pharmaceutical production process from raw material to finished product.
|
|
Dillenius obtained seeds in 1726 from William Sherard, who brought them from Lebanon in 1724. He mentions that it was only grown elsewhere in Europe in Leyden, from an older source. The specific epithet ribes is thus derived via Serapion from the Arabic word rībās (ريباس), referring to the Syrian rhubarb. Flora Hibernica (1836) (Name, Ribes, a word applied by the Arabic Physicians to a species of Rhubarb, Rheum Ribes.) The New Latin word ribes (currant) was corrupted from the Arabic word rībās by Europeans in the Renaissance, possibly due confusion with the original description of the bunches of berries on its panicle of fruit, with currants, a new crop at the time.
|
|
The monks' orchard has been preserved and enhanced with a collection of citrus trees. On the side facing the mountain, it has been kept a traditional vegetable garden where the monks since the Middle Ages grew the "simple" (plant varieties with medicinal virtues), medicinal plants and herbs of the promontory of Portofino, low box hedges and particles alternating crops such rare species of citrus in terracotta pots, as was customary in monasteries. Among the herbs are: Calendula, Allium schoenoprasum, Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon), Ruta graveolens (rue grass), Helichrysum italicum (helichrysum), Melissa officinalis, Mentha piperita, Origanum vulgare, Origanum majorana (marjoram), Pimpinella anisum (anise or pimpinella), Rheum officinalis (rhubarb), Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia officinalis, Santolina chamaecyparissus, Timo common Thymus 'Faustini', Thymus × citriodorus 'Anderson Gold' (thyme-leaved yellow).
|
|
Rheum palaestinum, the desert rhubarb, is a plant indigenous to Israel and Jordan with a highly developed system for gathering rainwater. The plant has broad, rigid leaves, with a waxy surface, and channels cut into them that funnel any water that drops onto them toward its root, with enough force to cause deep soil penetration. An alternative explanation for the evolution of the unique morphology of the rheum's leaf is that the wrinkled leaf has specifically developed its unique "architecture" as a vapor-trap, tightly capping the ground to harvest water by sub-foliar condensation of vapor rising from the earth. It has been added to Israel's Red List of Rare and Endangered Plants, and is protected in that country by law.
|
|
The word rha ponticum, Latin for 'rha from Pontus' (Pontus corresponds to the northern coast of Anatolia), was first mentioned by Dioscorides, who says that this is the name the Romans used for a valued medicinal root imported from the east. Dioscorides also mentions the root is most similar to that of Centaurea. Throughout most of the Middle Ages and early modern era Europeans were unaware of the source for these roots, which had become known as rheum barbarum (among many other names, including the Persian raved). Botanists such as Leonhart Fuchs (in 1542) and Rembert Dodoens (in 1554) identified a species of thistle in the family Asteraceae, Rhaponticum scariosum, as the source of the root, thus this plant was used to produce an inferior rhubarb.
|
|
Among the flora of Sherani one may find hundreds of species of some pretty exotic plants. The principal trees are tamarisk (ghaz in Pashto, gazg in Balochi), also called salt cedar, pistachios, juniper (obashta in Pashto), wild olive (also mentioned in the Quran as well as in the Old Testament; its Pashto name is Show-one, while in Urdu and Arabic it is called zeethoon), pine nut, wild ash and wild almond. There are also a wide range of shrubs, including spalmai (Pashto) (Calotropis gigantea), buska (Pashto) (Lepidium draba), khamazorai (Pashto) (Withania coagulans), bitter- apple (maraghunai in Pashto, Citrullus colocynthis), pushai (Rheum australe, syn. R. emodi), shinshobae (Mentha sylvestris), makhai (Caragana), harmal (spawnday in Pashto, Peganum harmala), wild fig, barberry, wild cherry, and such herbs as Oman (Pashto; Ephedra intermedia).
|
|
It is listed in the IUCN Red Book of the Altai Territory. It is at risk due to the effects of cattle grazing, ploughing and other farming methods. In April 2005, a Working draft of Species Action Plan for Iris ludwigii was created for the at risk plants on the Altai Mountains. It is mentioned as one of the 17 species of plants are included in the 'Red Book of Kazakhstan', and they are: Steppe peony (Paeonia hybrida), Spring asphodel, (Adonis vernalis), Pink rhodiola (Rhodiola rosea), Altai rhubarb (Rheum altaicum), Altai daphne (Daphne altaica), Snow (Macropodium nivale), Siberian adder's-tongue (Erythronium sibiricum), Maral root (Rhaponticum carthamoides), Vereschagin (Limnas veresczaginii), Heteropetals tulip (Tulipa heteropetala), Small-fruit cranberry (Oxycoccus microcarpus), (Cymbaria dahyrica), Altai anthrax (Sibiraea altaiensis), Stemless (Leiospora excapa), Altai gimnospermium (Gimnospermium altaicum) and Fir club moss (Lycopodium selago).
|
|
Another account appears in a biography by William Rawley, Bacon's personal secretary and chaplain: > He died on the ninth day of April in the year 1626, in the early morning of > the day then celebrated for our Savior's resurrection, in the sixty-sixth > year of his age, at the Earl of Arundel's house in Highgate, near London, to > which place he casually repaired about a week before; God so ordaining that > he should die there of a gentle fever, accidentally accompanied with a great > cold, whereby the defluxion of rheum fell so plentifully upon his breast, > that he died by suffocation. He was buried in St Michael's church in St Albans. At the news of his death, over 30 great minds collected together their eulogies of him, which were then later published in Latin. This important volume consists of 32 eulogies originally published in Latin shortly after Bacon's funeral in 1626.
|
|