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"radiotelephone" Definitions
  1. a telephone in which sound or speech is transmitted by means of radio waves instead of through wires or cables. Abbreviation
  2. to telephone by radiotelephony.
"radiotelephone" Synonyms
radio hi-fi radio set transistor transmission wireless Marconi radiotelegraph radiotelegraphy receiver telegraphy telephony Walkman AM-FM CB radionics radiotelephonics shortwave tuner citizens' band mobile phone car phone cell cellphone cell phone cell telephone cellular cellular mobile cellular phone cellular telephone digital phone handphone mobile mobile telephone telephone smartphone handset landline blower iPhone More

193 Sentences With "radiotelephone"

How to use radiotelephone in a sentence? Find typical usage patterns (collocations)/phrases/context for "radiotelephone" and check conjugation/comparative form for "radiotelephone". Mastering all the usages of "radiotelephone" from sentence examples published by news publications.

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The Bell System teamed up with Western Electric around this time to create the General Mobile Radiotelephone Service.
We had onboard a brand new VHF, an SSB, an Icom SSB, ham radio, weather sat, and a radiotelephone.
Taxis started using two-way Motorola radios in 1944, and after the war, in 1946, Motorola introduced the world's first car phone: the Motorola Radiotelephone.
He also applied for a job with the Radio Corporation of America at Cape Canaveral, figuring that his license as a first-class radiotelephone operator might make him a good fit for the space program.
" (Kibbutz residents who were there at the time said they gave him the easier jobs, like tending to the lambs and measuring precipitation.) Archival footage shows Ben-Gurion dedicating the arrival in Sde Boker of the "radiotelephone," which he called a "dubious blessing.
In the United States, the ULS radio service code and description for Rural Radiotelephone licenses is CR – Rural Radiotelephone. The licensed spectrum is divided in 44 channels of 20 kHz each.
The Department of Commerce created a new top-level license in 1923, the Amateur Extra First Grade, that conveyed extra operating privileges. It required a more difficult written examination and a code test at twenty words per minute. In 1929, a special license endorsement for "unlimited radiotelephone privileges" became available in return for passing an examination on radiotelephone subjects. This allowed amateurs to upgrade and use reserved radiotelephone bands without having to pass a difficult code examination.
Telephones - main lines in use: 17,000 (1997) Telephones - mobile cellular: at least 30,000(2005) Telephone system: General assessment: good inter-island and international connections Domestic: inter-island links to Antigua and Barbuda and Saint Martin (Guadeloupe and Netherlands Antilles) are handled by VHF/UHF/SHF radiotelephone International: International calls are carried by radiotelephone to Antigua and Barbuda and switched there to submarine cable or to Intelsat; or carried to Saint Martin (Guadeloupe and Netherlands Antilles) by radiotelephone and switched to Intelsat.
In 1909, Collins claimed that his company had established four radiotelephone links operating simultaneously between Portland, Maine, and a nearby island, although there is little evidence that this was true. That same year he exhibited his wireless telephone at the Alaska–Yukon–Pacific Exposition and was awarded a gold medal. Despite Collins' reported successes, his efforts actually fell short of creating a commercially viable radiotelephone. This was also true for other experimenters doing arc- transmitter radiotelephone research during this period, including Lee de Forest and Charles Herrold.
In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission issues initial Rural Radiotelephone Service licenses on a site-by-site basis. Once a license is issued, the licensee can sell or lease the license to another party. The FCC service rules for Rural Radiotelephone are located in 47 C.F.R. Part 22 Subpart F.
Experimenters who used arc transmitters for their radiotelephone research included Ernst Ruhmer, Quirino Majorana, Charles "Doc" Herrold, and Lee de Forest.
From 1912 through 1932, amateur radio operator licenses consisted of large and ornate diploma-form certificates. Amateur station licenses were separately issued on plainer forms. In 1933, the Federal Radio Commission (FRC) reorganized amateur operator licenses into Classes A, B and C. Class A conveyed all amateur operating privileges, including certain reserved radiotelephone bands. Amateur Extra First Grade licensees and Amateur First Class licensees with "unlimited radiotelephone" endorsements were grandfathered into this class.
Rural Radiotelephone Service (RRTS) provides basic, analog communications service between locations deemed so remote that traditional wireline service or service by other means is not feasible. RRTS uses channelized radio to provide radiotelephone services such as Basic Exchange Telephone Radio Service between a fixed subscriber location and a remote central office, private line service between a two fixed locations or interconnection between two or more central offices. RRTS does not enable mobile communications.
Mass media in Laos are based on a network of telephone lines and radiotelephone communications in remote areas, as well as mobile phone infrastructure. The system is not well-developed.
The reported wavelength to be used for a July 1 radiotelephone test transmission was 340 meters (882 kHz)."Post- Intelligencer to Flash News by Wireless Telephone", Seattle Post- Intelligencer, July 1, 1921, Part 2, page 1. The next day the newspaper reported that the test went well, so, beginning at 11:00 a.m., the radiotelephone broadcast would be sent on 275 meters (1091 kHz), while the Navy's radiotelegraph reports would go out on 600 meters (500 kHz).
Eurosignal had a major advantage over other radiotelephone networks due to its costs, which were about 10% of ordinary phone lines. It also enjoyed a larger coverage area compared to FM radio.
6730 radiotelephone calls were handled and 2296 phototelegrams were sent. 285 hours of radio broadcasts were sent over R/T channels. 1957 OTC adopted a new logo. 28 February: Doonside transmitting station officially re-opened.
17 March: Direct radiotelephone service opened between Australia and Japan. November: Official opening ceremonies heralded the new international telex services to Japan, USA, UK and Canada. December: The USA launched its first delayed repeater satellite: 'Score'.
Following the Dunkirk evacuation, the squadron was based at RAF Middle Wallop at the end of July 1940. In early summer 1940, squadron aircraft were fitted with VHF radiotelephone equipment and Mark III Airborne interception (AI) radar.
Following tests, the new procedure word was introduced for cross-Channel flights in February 1923. The previous distress call had been the Morse code signal SOS, but this was not considered suitable for voice communication, "[o]wing to the difficulty of distinguishing the letter 'S' by telephone". In 1927, the International Radiotelegraph Convention of Washington adopted the voice call "mayday" as the radiotelephone distress call in place of the SOS radiotelegraph (Morse code) call.In 1927, the International Radiotelegraph Convention of Washington adopted "mayday" as the radiotelephone distress call Radiotelegraph Convention of Washington, page 81.
In the United States, since the Communications Act of 1934 the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has issued various commercial "radiotelephone operator" licenses and permits to qualified applicants. These allow them to install, service, and maintain voice-only radio transmitter systems for use on ships and aircraft. (Until deregulation in the 1990s they were also required for commercial domestic radio and television broadcast systems. Because of treaty obligations they are still required for engineers of international shortwave broadcast stations.) The certificate currently issued is the general radiotelephone operator license.
Besides the desk and the navigation charts, the area contains navigational instruments that may include electronic equipment for a Global Positioning System receiver and chart display, fathometer, a compass, a marine chronometer, two-way radios, and radiotelephone, etc.
During this voyage, the ship carried radiotelephone equipment, then a new technology, and during much of the trip Wilson was able converse with officials back in Washington."The Alexanderson System for Long-Distance Radio Communication: Duplex Radio-Telephony".
The association also held training courses for night flights, Alpine instruction in Innsbruck, the radiotelephone certificate, IFR licence and CPL II. Incidentally, the Bavarian politician and later finance minister of Germany, Franz Josef Strauß, also acquired his IFR license here.
During his service, he secured an amateur radio license and a general radiotelephone operator license. Later, inspired by a 1958 performance of the Bolshoi Ballet, he studied ballet in Los Angeles, supporting himself for a time as a professional dancer.Owsley Stanley blog posting. 17 March 2006.
The lifeboat was fitted with Decca 060 radar and all she carried Pye Westminster VHF and an Ajax MF Radiotelephone. In addition a radio Direction Finding set was carried, which gave a magnetic bearing to a transmitting station. The electric searchlight was standard along with Pains Wessex speedlines.
She had two brothers who were writer-directors in the industry: John P. McCarthy and Henry McCarty. Another brother, Francis Joseph McCarty, built one of the first radiotelephone sets in 1902, but died in a road accident in 1906. She was married to Edward G. Boyle, a set decorator.
However, this effort never got beyond a basic prototype that generated less than .001 watt.Ruhmer (1908) page 134 Ruhmer's radiotelephone transmitter, circa 1905 Ruhmer also investigated radiotelephone transmissions using a high- frequency spark transmitter.Goldsmith, Alfred N. (1918) Radio Telephony, pages 46-48 This work took place during winter 1904-5, however, this approach had limited results, as he later noted that "the transmitted speech received on microphonic contact and telephone was rough and broken like that of a stammerer".Ruhmer (1908) page 118 In 1906, employing a design largely based on the hydrogen arc transmitter developed by Denmark's Valdemar Poulsen, he reported that he had constructed a transmitter capable of producing frequencies up to 300,000 cycles-per-second.
A plain-language radio check is the means of requesting and giving a signal strength and readability report for radiotelephony (voice) communications, and is the direct equivalent to the QSA and QRK code used to give the same report in radiotelegraph (Morse code) communications. SINPEMFO code is the voice signal reporting format developed by the ITU in 1959, but sees little use outside of shortwave listeners. Allied Communications Procedure 125(F), Communication Instructions Radiotelephone Procedure, published by the Combined Communication Electronics Board, defines radiotelephone procedures, and contains the original definitions for many common radio communications procedures, including Procedure Words, radio net operations, etc. Section 611 of ACP 125(F) details how to conduct radio checks using plain language.
The United States' National Search and Rescue Supplement was written as a supplement to the IAMSAR, and together they constitute the U.S.'s National Search and Rescue Plan. The United States Coast Guard also publishes an addendum to the supplement which is referenced several times in the USCG's Radiotelephone Handbook.
1 December: The assets and responsibilities for the operation of telecommunications services in Papua New Guinea were transferred from OTC to the PNG. 1974 21 February: Broadway terminal officially opened by Prime Minister E Gough Whitlam. March: Preliminary trials of air to ground radiotelephone services for Qantas conducted (concluding 1.4.74).
For a time he continued working with more sophisticated high-frequency spark transmitters, including versions that used compressed air, which began to take on some of the characteristics of arc-transmitters.Aitken (1985), page 62. Fessenden attempted to sell this form of radiotelephone for point-to-point communication, but was unsuccessful.
Large cells can be subdivided into smaller cells for high volume areas. – Cellular Radiotelephone System for Different Cell Sizes – Richard H. Frenkiel (Bell Labs), filed 22 September 1976, issued 13 March 1979 Cell phone companies also use this directional signal to improve reception along highways and inside buildings like stadiums and arenas.
Fessenden — The Next Chapter RWonline.com While many early experimenters attempted to create systems similar to radiotelephone devices by which only two parties were meant to communicate, there were others who intended to transmit to larger audiences. Charles Herrold started broadcasting in California in 1909 and was carrying audio by the next year.
Kiowa often helps other soldiers deal with their own actions, such as taking the lives of other human beings. He is eventually killed when camping out in the "shitfield." ;Mitchell Sanders: He is the radiotelephone operator for the platoon. Like O'Brien, he is also a storyteller and is portrayed as a mentor.
"'Broadcasting' News by Radiotelephone" (letter from Lee de Forest), Electrical World, April 23, 1921, page 936. Including its predecessor, KZY's broadcasting history predated that of many better-known pioneer stations, including WWJ in Detroit, Michigan (started August 1920, originally as 8MK) and KDKA in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (debuted November 2, 1920 as 8ZZ).
A key problem delaying the upgrade to audio transmissions was a lack of vacuum tubes. They were produced by the physics department, in a process that required glass-blowing skills. Finally, on January 3, 1921, the radiotelephone equipment was ready, and for the first time spoken word weather broadcasts were made.E. B. Calvert.
15 January: Adelaide cable station closed. 11 April: Arrangements completed for establishing a radiotelephone service between Australia and HMA ships at sea. 1 May: Assets of Cable & Wireless Ltd purchased by the commission. 2 May: Aerogram service commenced between Australian coast radio stations and Qantas and BOAC flights on the Sydney-UK route.
On July 18, 1907, de Forest made the first ship-to-shore transmissions by radiotelephone — race reports for the Annual Inter-Lakes Yachting Association (I-LYA) Regatta held on Lake Erie — which were sent from the steam yacht Thelma to his assistant, Frank E. Butler, located in the Fox's Dock Pavilion on South Bass Island."Reporting Yacht Races by Wireless Telephony", Electrical World, August 10, 1907, pages 293–294. (archive.org) De Forest also interested the U.S. Navy in his radiotelephone, which placed a rush order to have 26 arc sets installed for its Great White Fleet around-the-world voyage that began in late 1907. However, at the conclusion of the circumnavigation the sets were declared to be too unreliable to meet the Navy's needs and removed.
In 1945 Young began work on mobile radiotelephone systems in vehicles for coverage of urban areas and along highways. He developed systems for reducing interference between mobile systems that are closely spaced in frequency and location. Young served as chairman of a Radio Manufacturers Association (RMA) subcommittee TR8.9 on systems standards for mobile communications equipment.
The resulting height has become 176m. This reconstruction was doe to the fact that the main TV/radio broadcasting functions were passed to the newly built 350metre tall Kolodischi TV Mast some 15 km off Minsk. The new design was to support radiotelephone communications network. By the tower there used to be the TV center.
The AT&T; High Seas Service was a radiotelephone service that provided ship to shore telephone calls which consisted of stations WOO (transmitter station in Ocean Gate, NJ (), receiver station in Manahawkin, New Jersey, United States), WOM ([Receiver site in Plantation, Florida ; transmitter on Krome Ave and KMI (transmitter station in Dixon, California (), receiver station in Point Reyes, California ().
Stanley Jungleib was born to Milton Young and Josephine (Josie) Gressani Young, on May 15, 1953 in San Mateo, California. Jungleib expressed precocious talents in music, technology, politics, and philosophy. He performed on piano, pipe organ, drums and orchestral percussion. By 1969 he was an Advanced Amateur Radio Operator (WA6LVC) and had earned his Second Class Radiotelephone Broadcast license.
Country Code: 00968 Market Summary (May 2020) Landlines : 585,018 Mobile cellular: 6,111,896 [Prepaid (5,293,257) – Postpaid (818,639) ] Fixed Broadband : 487,733 International Gateway : Omantel, Ooredoo, Telecom Oman (TeO), Connect Arabia Domestic: open wire, microwave, radiotelephone communications, limited coaxial cable and a domestic satellite system with 8 earth stations. International: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat.
Couch founded WOK, the first broadcast radio station in Arkansas. Meant to service the Pine Bluff area, its signal reached large parts of the country. In 1921, Couch visited Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and radio station KDKA, a pioneer of modern broadcasting. On the trip he also met Lee de Forest, inventor of the wireless radiotelephone and the vacuum tube.
Allied Communication Procedures is the set of manuals and supplements published by the Combined Communications Electronics Board that prescribe the methods and standards to be used while conducting visual, audible, radiotelegraph, and radiotelephone communications within NATO member nations. These procedures relate to procedure words, radiotelephony procedure, Allied Military phonetic spelling alphabets, plain language radio checks, the 16-line message format (radiogram), and others.
Prior to the Transatlantic cable and the Radiotelephone, it used to take very long for information to go from one place to another. So this means that it was very difficult to analyze the information. For instance, it was not so easy to distinguish good and bad credits. Therefore, the information asymmetry played a very important role in international investments.
Historically, the first commercial operator licenses were issued by the Department of Commerce and then later by the Federal Radio Commission under the authority of the Radio Act of 1927. When the FCC was created in 1934 it took over this function. The Commission issued First and Second Class Radiotelephone Operator Licenses. In 1953 a Third Class permit was added.
Broadcasts to Latin America were coordinated by the OCIAA with CBS' "La Cadena de Las Américas" (Network of the Americas) shortwave radio and radiotelephone systems as envisioned by William S. Paley.Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of La Onda Deborah R. Vargas. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2012 p. 152-153 OCIAA and William S. Paley's Cadena De Las Americas on google.books.
History of Communications-Electronics in the United States Navy by Captain L. S. Howeth, USN (Retired), 1963, "The Radio Telephone Failure", pages 169–172. The company set up a network of radiotelephone stations along the Atlantic coast and the Great Lakes, for coastal ship navigation. However, the installations proved unprofitable, and by 1911 the parent company and its subsidiaries were on the brink of bankruptcy.
Following Francis McCarty's death, two of the McCarty Wireless Telephone Co. investors, bankers William and Tyler Henshaw, contacted Cyril Frank Elwell and arranged for him to review the potential worth of McCarty's patents."Test Given McCarty Wireless Telephone", San Francisco Call, September 13, 1908, page 37. Elwell concluded that the system's apparatus was incapable of ever being refined enough to become an effective radiotelephone system.
Laeken radiotelephone equipment, using a Moretti high-frequency spark transmitter and Marzi microphone. A series of weekly radio concerts was inaugurated on 28 March 1914."Radio Telephony: Article V" by Alfred N. Goldsmith, The Wireless Age, May 1917, page 565. The Congo stations and the high-powered Laeken station had standard spark-gap transmitters which were only capable of transmitting the dots-and- dashes of Morse code.
John Meyer grew up in Berkeley, California. His earliest involvement with audio was in the late 1950s at the radio station KPFA. He received a radiotelephone third class license at 12 years old, and a second class license when he was 15.Doctor ProAudio: Interview With John Meyer He attended Oakland High which was one of the first schools in the country to have an audio department.
Corva also learns that the Army has found Dan Kelly, Tyson's radiotelephone operator. Kelly's testimony is similar to Brandt's but with glaring differences. He first explains Tyson's sarcastic order to shoot the civilians the morning of the Hue massacre. He explains how it was Tyson's men who were overly aggressive in attacking them and that Tyson was irate and sarcastically left them with that remark.
The international system employs a radiotelephone system, with connections to Comoros, France and Madagascar. A new microwave relay station to Mauritius is also in use, along with one Intelsat satellite-earth station. As of 1998, there are two AM broadcast stations and 55 FM stations, serving (as of 1997) 173,000 radios. In 1997, there were 22 television broadcast stations (and 18 low power repeaters), serving 127,000 televisions.
6 February: The Gemini XII space capsule touring display arrived in Australia to be used for celebrating OTC's 25th anniversary. March: Carnarvon Radio station opened. 15 July: A direct radiotelephone service opened between Norfolk Island, Australia and beyond. 1973 February: The Australian Government established the Vernon Commission of Inquiry into the operation of Australia's postal and telecommunications services. 27 November: The new Hobart Radio station opened.
1979 1 March: OTC's maritime radiotelephone service, Seaphone, launched from Melbourne Radio station. 13 March: A new operating centre at La Perouse CRS officially opened. 18 April: OTC's Midas (Multimode International Data Acquisition Service) came into commercial operation, providing Australian organisations with fast access to overseas information banks through use of advanced computer-based technology. 4 May: W T Schmidt appointed General Manager of OTC.
S. Coast Guard, Radiotelephone Handbook, COMDTINST M2300.7 Disobeying a Seelonce Mayday order constitutes a serious criminal offence in most countries. The aviation equivalent of Seelonce Mayday is the phrase or command "Stop Transmitting - Distress (or Mayday)". "Distress traffic ended" is the phrase used when the emergency is over. Again, disobeying such an order is extremely dangerous and is therefore a criminal offence in most countries.
This was Minnesota's first broadcast station license, making KUOM one of the oldest radio stations in the United States. In addition, the university traces its radio activities back more than 100 years, starting with experimental work in 1912, followed by radiotelegraph broadcasts begun in 1920, and radiotelephone broadcasts of market reports inaugurated in February 1921, making KUOM one of the oldest surviving radio stations in North America.
Even with this limitation, there was some broadcasting by early radio stations, beginning in 1905 with daily noon time signals transmitted by U.S. Naval stations."The First Wireless Time Signal" (letter from Captain J. L. Jayne), The American Jeweler, October 1912, page 411. (reprint in Electrician and Mechanic, January 1913, page 52) Although these broadcasts generated interest among amateur radio operators,One prominent example was Frank Conrad, who in 1913 built a receiver to pick up time signals, and who in 1919 would go on to begin radiotelephone broadcasts over his station, 8XK, which in turn prompted Westinghouse to establish broadcasting station KDKA. especially after they were expanded to include daily weather forecasts and news summaries, the need to learn Morse code greatly restricted potential audiences. Charles Herrold and assistant Ray Newby (circa 1910) To realize his idea of distributing entertainment by radio, Herrold first needed to perfect a radiotelephone transmitter.
"Ruhmer's Multiplex Telephony", Technical World, September 1911, page 128. In 1907 Ruhmer wrote Drahtlose Telephonie, which was translated by James Erskine-Murray and published in 1908 as Wireless Telephony In Theory and Practice.Wireless Telephony In Theory and Practice by Ernst Ruhmer (translated from the German by James Erskine-Murray), 1908. This book reviewed the various technologies being investigated for wireless telephony, including both optical telephone research and the newer radiotelephone developments.
Class B licensees did not have the right to operate on the reserved radiotelephone bands. Amateur First Class licensees were grandfathered into this class. Class C licensees had the same privileges as Class B licensees, but took their examinations from other licensees rather than from Commission field offices. Because examination requirements were somewhat stiffened, Temporary Amateur licensees were not grandfathered into this class but had to be licensed anew.
Bangui is linked by satellite for telephone communication with France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Greece. The Republic has radiotelephone, telegraphic, and telex links with Paris. In 2003, there were an estimated two mainline telephones for every 1,000 people; about 1,200 people were on a waiting list for telephone service installation. The same year, there were approximately 10 mobile phones in use for every 1,000 people.
In this period, the global financial system was mainly tied to the gold standard. The United Kingdom first formally adopted this standard in 1821. Soon to follow were Canada in 1853, Newfoundland in 1865, the United States and Germany (de jure) in 1873. New technologies, such as the telegraph, the transatlantic cable, the radiotelephone, the steamship and railway allowed goods and information to move around the world at an unprecedented degree.
The very first analog mobile radio telephone in Czechoslovakia (and in the whole Eastern Bloc) was AMR (sometimes AMRAD), in Czech language Automatizovaný městský radiotelefon (Automated Municipal Radiotelephone). The system was developed by company Tesla in Pardubice. Since 1978 it was tested in experimental mode and in 1983 it switched into full mode. At the time it was used mainly for communication between distant employees (typically in telecommunication industry).
Harry Grindell Matthews was born on 17 March 1880 in Winterbourne, Gloucestershire. He studied at the Merchant Venturers' School in Bristol and became an electronic engineer. During the Second Boer War he served in the South African Constabulary and was twice wounded. In 1911 Matthews said he had invented an Aerophone device, a radiotelephone, and transmitted messages between a ground station and an aeroplane from a distance of two miles.
The FCC regulates broadcast stations, repeater stations as well as commercial broadcasting operators who operate and repair certain radiotelephone, television and radio stations. Broadcast licenses are to be renewed if the station meets the "public interest, convenience, or necessity". The FCC's enforcement powers include fines and broadcast license revocation (see FCC MB Docket 04-232). Burden of proof would be on the complainant in a petition to deny.
As of March 2010, telephone traffic within is carried by wire. Microwave radi relay, and radiotelephone communication stations are used in domestic telecommunications as well, and fixed and mobile cellular systems are used for short range traffic. As of March 2010, international telephone communication is catered for by an Intelsat and an Inmarsat satellite earth station, along with analog links to Kenya and Tanzania. The international calling code is 256.
U.S. Army Rangers LRRP team leader and radiotelephone operator, Vietnam, 1968 A long-range reconnaissance patrol, or LRRP (pronounced "lurp"), is a small, well-armed reconnaissance team that patrols deep in enemy-held territory.Ankony, Robert C., Lurps: A Ranger's Diary of Tet, Khe Sanh, A Shau, and Quang Tri, revised ed., Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Lanham, MD (2009). The concept of scouts dates back to the origins of warfare itself.
The pair considered returning to Hawaii, but did not because neither Maui nor Lanai had deep-enough harbors to accommodate Sea Nymph. Further problems occurred, including tiger shark attacks, damage to their engine and mast, and malfunctions in their radiotelephone and Iridium satellite phone. Lacking communications, Sea Nymph failed to avoid a typhoon with winds and waves. The women headed for Kiribati, but couldn't land due to broken communications equipment.
This meant that the full transmitter power flowed through the microphone, and even using water cooling, the power handling ability of the microphones severely limited the power of the transmissions. Ultimately only a small number of large and powerful Alexanderson alternators would be developed. However, they would be almost exclusively used for long-range radiotelegraph communication, and occasionally for radiotelephone experimentation, but were never used for general broadcasting.
This action exempted broadcast-only receivers from licensing, and the Department of Transport (DOT) was given authority to exempt other receiver types from licensing as it saw fit. DOT exempted all "home-type" receivers capable of receiving any radio communications other than "public correspondence" (defined as "radio transmissions not intended to be received by just anyone but rather by a member of the public who has paid for the message" – examples include ship-to- shore radiotelephone calls or car-phone transmissions). After 1952, licences were required in Canada only for general coverage shortwave receivers with single-sideband capability, and VHF/UHF scanners which could tune to the maritime or land mobile radiotelephone bands. Beginning in 1982, in response to a Canadian court's finding that all unscrambled radio signals imply a forfeiture of the right to privacy, the DOC (Department of Communications) required receiver licensing only in cases where it was necessary to ensure technical compatibility with the transmitter.
S-phone MK-IV, 1943 The S-Phone system was a UHF duplex radiotelephone system developed during World War II for use by Special Operations Executive agents working behind enemy lines to communicate with friendly aircraft and coordinate landings and the dropping of agents and supplies. The system was composed of a "Ground" transceiver, designed by Captain Bert Lane, and an "Air" transceiver designed by Major Hobday, both of the Royal Signals.
Dudley A. Buck was born in San Francisco, California on April 25, 1927. Dudley and his siblings moved to Santa Barbara, California, in 1940. In 1943, Dudley Buck earned his amateur radio license W6WCK and a First Class Radiotelephone Operator license for commercial work. He worked part-time at Santa Barbara radio station KTMS until he left to attend college at the University of Washington under the U.S. Navy V-12 program.
See . Following a Lenin's proposal, a resolution of the Council of People’s Commissars in January 1921 initiated the organisation of radiotelephone offices. In 1922, the Supreme Soviet of the National Economy set up the Electrotechnical Trust for Weak- current Plants. The trust supervised the operation of enterprises that were engaged in production of communication equipment. In the same year, the world’s first radio broadcast station was opened in Moscow; its power was 12 kilowatts.
Work soon began to re-establish the daily weather forecast broadcasts. In January 1920, reports from both the Weather Bureau's Eric R. Miller"Wireless Telephone For Farmers Latest Thing, Says U. S. Weather Forecaster", Eau Claire (Wisconsin) Leader, January 17, 1920, p. 6. and the University's physics department"Wireless Outfit to Communicate Weather Report", Madison (Wisconsin) Capital Times, January 22, 1920, p. 7. stated that the transmissions would soon restart, this time by radiotelephone.
The global financial system was mainly tied to the gold standard during this period. The United Kingdom first formally adopted this standard in 1821. Soon to follow was Canada in 1853, Newfoundland in 1865, and the United States and Germany (de jure) in 1873. New technologies, such as the telegraph, the transatlantic cable, the Radiotelephone, the steamship, and the railway allowed goods and information to move around the world at an unprecedented degree.
The arc transmitter, the first generator of continuous radio signals, was invented by Danish engineer Valdemar Poulsen. Rights were obtained by Lorenz to manufacture this transmitter, and the firm entered the commercial field of radio in 1906. Soon after this, Lorenz used the arc transmitter to develop for the German Navy the first radiotelephone. In 1919, in an experimental station at Eberswalde, Lorenz used a high-power Poulsen transmitter in what would become radio broadcasting.
November 2000. used radio trilateration technology to track his radiotelephone transmissions and found him hiding in Los Olivos, a middle-class barrio in Medellín. With authorities closing in, a firefight with Escobar and his bodyguard, Álvaro de Jesús Agudelo (alias "El Limón"), ensued. The two fugitives attempted to escape by running across the roofs of adjoining houses to reach a back street, but both were shot and killed by Colombian National Police.
AT&T;'s transmitter was at Radio Central, and their receiver was in Houlton, Maine. The radiotelephone signal from Radio Central was received by the British General Post Office's receiver facility in Cupar, Scotland. Radio Central was one of the many original operating and touring sites of Guglielmo Marconi's radio shack, which now is displayed at Rocky Point's Frank J. Carasiti Elementary School. The Rocky Point site was decommissioned and demolished in the 1970s.
He traveled in the motorcade in the White House Pool car, which had a radiotelephone. When the shots were fired, Smith grabbed the phone and called the UPI office. He stayed on the phone while Jack Bell, the AP reporter in the car, started punching Smith and yelling at him to hand the phone over. At 12:34 PM CST, four minutes after the presidential shooting, the report went out over UPI wire.
It offers 10 beds and is equipped with a radiotelephone. The hut was named after Ernest Solvay, a Belgian chemist and industrialist who in 1904 donated 20,000 francs for its construction.Souverän auch im Fels, Neue Zürcher ZeitungZermatt celebrates 100 years of Switzerland's highest mountain cabin The building materials for the hut were brought with a cable rising from the Hörnli Hut. It was rebuilt in 1966 and the emergency telephone was installed in 1976.
John P. McCarthy was born on Saint Patrick's Day 1884 in San Francisco, California to John Henry and Catherine Lynch McCarty. He later changed his last name from "McCarty" to "McCarthy". He developed an early radiotelephone system, but was unsuccessful in marketing his invention."With Wireless Twists Tail of Powers That Be", San Francisco Call, March 11, 1910, pages 1-2."Young Inventor's Dream Realized", Oakland Tribune, June 5, 1914, page 7.
Regis J. Bates, Donald W. Gregory Voice & data communications handbook McGraw-Hill Professional, 2007 page 193 On October 2, 1946, Motorola communications equipment carried the first calls on Illinois Bell Telephone Company's new car radiotelephone service in Chicago.Motorola First Car Radio TelephoneHistory of Car Telephones 1946-1953 Due to the small number of radio frequencies available, the service quickly reached capacity. MTS was replaced by Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS), introduced in 1964.
Earle announced by radiotelephone, on the international frequency for ships at sea, "The United States yacht Phoenix is sailing today into the nuclear test zone as a protest against nuclear testing..." The next morning, inside the forbidden zone, the Phoenix was intercepted and stopped by the American Coast Guard cutter Planetree.Years later, in private correspondence, Capt. Bigelow wrote Earle that most people had never heard of the Phoenix and thought the Golden Rule had sailed into the area.
"'Broadcasting' News by Radiotelephone" (letter from Lee de Forest), Electrical World, April 23, 1921, page 936. The station was relicensed as KZY late in 1921, then deleted in early 1923. In 1946, a KDKA promotional pamphlet, issued under the name of the station's general manager, Joseph E. Baudino, stated that Westinghouse's November 2, 1920 election day effort marked "the world's first regularly scheduled broadcast"."Going Forward with Radio" as presented by KDKA (promotional pamphlet), 1946, page 3. (worldradiohistory.
Later Soyuz flights to the Salyut space stations and Mir had less noteworthy call signs: Foton, meaning "photon", etc. In contrast to the naming conventions applied by the Soviet Union and now Russia, most American space flights, with the exception of those of Project Gemini and early Apollo flights, have had their spacecraft officially named. Calls to ground facilities by radiotelephone use the name of the spacecraft (e.g., "The Eagle has landed") as the call sign.
The same year, assembly of the Vedette started at Simca do Brasil. Also during 1959, a new top-of-the-line model joined the Vedette range, the Présidence, featuring a luxurious interior, a radiotelephone (a European first) and a continental kit. French coachbuilder Chapron built two 2-door Présidence convertibles for a governor of one of the French colonies. Chapron had another order the next year, to build two four-door convertibles for the French President Charles de Gaulle.
The company also claimed that soon "every auto will be provided with a portable wireless telephone"."The Collins Wireless Telephone" by William Dubilier, Modern Electrics, August 1908, p. 151. However, the radiotelephone systems were never actually constructed. Concerned by excesses in the radio communications industry, the U.S. federal government instituted a series of prosecutions, and in June 1910 inspectors from the United States Postal Department began making arrests, beginning with officials of the notorious United Wireless Telegraph Company.
Instead, they took the highly unusual step of adding a dial and trunk lines to every manual switchboard position. In this way, former Sunset customers could reach the former Home subscribers via their central office operator. The last Los Angeles manual exchange was THornwall 6, in Burbank, which operated until the late 1950s. The last manual office in southern California was in Avalon, on Catalina Island, dating from a radiotelephone service installed in the early 1920s.
Telekom Tower Dortmund in Dortmund, Germany Germany's initial mobile communications services were radiotelephone systems that were owned and operated by the state postal monopoly, Deutsche Bundespost. These early mobile communications networks were referred to as the "A" and "B" networks. Deutsche Bundespost Telekom built Germany's first cellular mobile network, an analog, first-generation system referred to as the "C" network or C-Netz. The network became operational in 1985 and services were marketed under the C-Tel brand.
Omsk Popov Production Association () is a company based in Omsk, Russia. It is part of the Belarus-based Interstate Development Corporation. The Omsk Popov Radio Plant is an important Russian developer of advanced communications systems, including mobile systems, for military and civil use. Production includes the "Malyutka" and "Azid" families of radio relay and radiotelephone stations for setting up local telephone communication lines and for local communications in the areas of transport, power systems, petroleum, gas pipelines, etc.
IMTS mobile phone in a briefcase. The Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS) was a pre-cellular VHF/UHF radio system which linked to the public telephone network. IMTS was the radiotelephone equivalent of land dial phone service. Introduced in 1964, it replaced Mobile Telephone Service (MTS) and improved on most MTS systems by offering direct-dial rather than connections through a live operator, and full-duplex operation so both parties could talk at the same time.
An actual message may have fewer than 16 actual lines, or far more than 16, because some lines are skipped in some delivery methods, and a long message may have a TEXT portion that is longer than 16 lines by itself. This radiotelegraph message format (also "radio teletype message format", "teletypewriter message format", and "radiotelephone message format") and transmission procedures have been documented in numerous military standards, going back to at least World War II-era U.S. Army manuals.
1947 1 February: OTC assumed full control of radio services from AWA Ltd. 28 May: Trials of 5-unit teletype equipment conducted on the Sydney-San Francisco RCA Multiplex. June: Tests conducted with the RMS Orlon as part of a series of experiments on the development of circuits to handle radiotelephone traffic with small ships in local waters, and overseas vessels leaving/entering Australian ports. 1 July: Interim Management Agreement signed by OTC and Cable and Wireless Ltd.
The Mobile Telephone Service (MTS) was a pre-cellular VHF radio system that linked to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). MTS was the radiotelephone equivalent of land dial phone service. The Mobile Telephone Service was one of the earliest mobile telephone standards. It was operator assisted in both directions, meaning that if one were called from a land line the call would be routed to a mobile operator, who would route it to one's phone.
The telecommunications in Mayotte consist of an estimated 10,000 main telephone lines in use as of 2002, and an estimated 48,100 cellular phones in use as of 2004. The telephone system is small, and is administered by French Department of Posts and Telecommunications. There is some international interconnectivity, with microwave radio relay and HF radiotelephone communications to Comoros as of 2001. There are also three television broadcast stations according to a 2001 figure, with an estimated 3,500 televisions as of 1994.
Tighe auditioned for a new Jack Webb television series, Emergency! in 1972 and landed the role of firefighter-paramedic Roy DeSoto, alongside Randolph Mantooth as his partner, John Gage. DeSoto and his team would respond to vehicle crashes, medical emergencies, and other rescues in a fire department rescue squad. After receiving advice and treatment orders from a local hospital via radiotelephone, the medics performed advanced life support techniques to stabilize patients needing aid before having them transported to a medical facility.
Government of Haryana's Karnal Aviation Club of Haryana Institute of Civil Aviation offers flying training and preparation courses to the Student pilot license, Glider pilot license. private pilot licence (PPL), commercial pilot licence (CPL), FLight radiotelephone operator license, Flight instructor Instrument rating and apprentice internship for all BE/BTech. The CPL costs INR 22,00,000 requiring a minimum of 200 hours' flying experience. The Government of Haryana provides training subsidies to natives Haryana, who must apply for it using a Haryana Domicile Certificate.
The IMO also introduced digital selective calling (DSC) on MF, HF and VHF maritime radios as part of the GMDSS system. DSC is primarily intended to initiate ship-to-ship, ship-to- shore and shore-to-ship radiotelephone and MF/HF radiotelex calls. DSC calls can also be made to individual stations, groups of stations, or "all stations" in one's radio range. Each DSC-equipped ship, shore station and group is assigned a unique 9-digit Maritime Mobile Service Identity.
De Forest transferred the station's transmitter to the California Theater building in San Francisco, where it was relicensed as 6XC, and in the spring of 1920 it began daily broadcasts of the theater's orchestra. De Forest later stated this was the "first radio-telephone station devoted solely" to broadcasting to the public."'Broadcasting' News by Radiotelephone" (letter from Lee de Forest), Electrical World, April 23, 1921, page 936. 6XC was relicensed as broadcasting station KZY in late 1921, and deleted a year later.
Airfone was an air-ground radiotelephone service developed by MCI founder John D. Goeken, and operated under the names Airfone, GTE Airfone, and Verizon Airfone. Airfone allowed passengers to make telephone calls (later including data modem service) in-flight. Airfone handsets were often located in the middle airliner seatbacks, with two handsets per row for 6-wide coach seating configurations, and more or less depending on the aircraft layout and fare class. First class cabins typically had one handset per seat.
Herrold's primary radiotelephone effort was toward developing a commercial system suitable for point-to-point service. Working with Ray Newby, he initially used high-frequency spark transmitters. In a June 23, 1910 notarized letter that was published in a catalog produced by the Electro Importing Company of New York, Herrold reported that, using one of that company's spark coils, he had successfully broadcast "wireless phone concerts to local amateur wireless men".Catalog page reproduced in Greb and Adams, page 6.
Verne H. MacDonald, Philip T. Porter, W. Rae Young, "Cellular high capacity mobile radiotelephone system with fleet-calling arrangement for dispatch service", , filed April 28, 1980, issued August 16, 1983. Z. C. Fluhr and Philip T. Porter, "AMPS: Control Architecture", Bell System Technical Journal, vol. 58, 1, pages 1–14, January 1979, Advanced Mobile Phone System. Richard H. Frenkiel, Joel S. Engle, and Philip T. Porter, "High Capacity Mobile Telephone System Feasibility Studies and System Plan", proposal filed with the FCC in 1971.
In May 1903, Collins formed the Collins Marine Wireless Telephone Company, which was later renamed the Collins Wireless Telephone Company,Wireless Communication in the United States by Thorn L. Mayes, 1989, p. 95. and served as technical director until 1910. Despite Collins' initial optimism, he had no more success than the others in developing a commercial system using conduction or induction transmissions, due to the inherent limitations of these technologies. He next began developing a radiotelephone that employed continuous-wave radio signals.
Motorola vacuum tube carton An advertisement for Motorola televisions from 1951 In October 1946, Motorola communications equipment carried the first calls on Illinois Bell telephone company's new car radiotelephone service in Chicago. The company began making televisions in 1947, with the model VT-71 with 7-inch cathode ray tube. In 1952, Motorola opened its first international subsidiary in Toronto, Ontario, Canada to produce radios and televisions. In 1953, the company established the Motorola Foundation to support leading universities in the United States.
In 2001, after the September 11 attacks in New York, the FAA would not allow travelers to carry bags or laptops in the passenger cabin, this derailed the company and it followed up by laying off 90% of its workforce. In the interim, Tenzing deployed a very-low-bandwidth system in partnership with Verizon AirFone's radiotelephone network. This system was in commercial operation on United Airlines and a few other U.S. carriers for more than a year before being discontinued.
On a mobile telephone or other radiotelephone, the entire unit is a transceiver for both audio and radio. A cordless telephone uses an audio and radio transceiver for the handset, and a radio transceiver for the base station. If a speakerphone is included in a wired telephone base or in a cordless base station, the base also becomes an audio transceiver. A modem is similar to a transceiver in that it sends and receives a signal, but a modem uses modulation and demodulation.
The TSPS system supported up to seven "Chief Operator Groups" (COGs) with each COG supporting up to 31 operator consoles. Operator consoles initially used nixie tube displays that were quickly replaced by light-emitting diode displays due to reliability issues. The TSPS system was replaced by the Operator Service Position System (OSPS) feature package developed for the 5ESS switching system. During the era of TSPS systems, calls to mobile and marine radiotelephone customers were initially handled by operators at a Special Operator Service Treatment cord switchboard.
Following the division of the Post Office in 1981, the station was operated by British Telecommunications. In 1983, a new control centre was opened, adding new radiotelephone and radiotelegraphy consoles, and an automatic radiotelex facility. In addition to maritime and aeronautical radio service, the station provided communications facilities for fixed stations worldwide such as relief agencies, emergency and disaster relief companies, and industries where reliable landline communications were poor or non-existent. This was known as the 'Gateway' service and operated from the early 1980s until closure.
A GMDSS system may include high-frequency (HF) radiotelephone and radiotelex (narrow-band direct printing) equipment, with calls initiated by digital selective calling (DSC). Worldwide broadcasts of maritime safety information can also be made on HF narrow-band direct printing channels. All ships trading in Sea area A4 must carry HF DSC and NDBP equipment which can also operate from the ships reserve energy supply (typically a 24v battery supply). This HF provision is necessary as the Inmarsat coverage does not extend to the polar regions.
WGY's original licensee was General Electric (GE), a company headquartered in Schenectady that had extensive experience in radio research and development. In 1903 Reginald Fessenden contracted with GE to help him design and produce a series of high-frequency alternator-transmitters. This project was ultimately assigned to Ernst F. W. Alexanderson, who in August 1906 delivered a unit which was successfully used by Fessenden to make radiotelephone demonstrations."Experiments and Results in Wireless Telephony" by John Grant, The American Telephone Journal, January 26, 1907, pages 49-51.
For a receiver, he used a thermo-electric detector of his own design. Collins began making demonstration radiotelephone transmissions from his lab at 51 Clinton Street in Newark, New Jersey, that were sent to increasingly distant locations. On July 9, 1908, a test was heard at the Singer Building in New York City, 19 kilometers (12 miles) away. Transmissions over the next two days were reportedly received in Congers, New York, 56 kilometers (35 miles) distant, and Philadelphia, a distance of 130 kilometers (81 miles).
Thus, the new strategy was to focus on a broader segment by investing in various companies across sectors. This strategy was initiated in 1939 with the investment in the battery factory Hellesens. Over the following decades, The Great Northern Telegraph Company balanced between investing in the telecommunications industry and other industries. On the industry side, it invested in companies such as Lauritz Knudsen, which produced electrical goods, and in 1947, the radiotelephone production company Storno (a contraction of Store Nordiske (Great Northern)) was founded.
A signal strength and readability report is a standardized format for reporting the strength of the radio signal and the readability (quality) of the radiotelephone (voice) or radiotelegraph (Morse code) signal transmitted by another station as received at the reporting station's location and by their radio station equipment. These report formats are usually designed for only one communications mode or the other, although a few are used for both telegraph and voice communications. All but one of these signal report formats involve the transmission of numbers.
The 12BV7, 12BY7, 12BY7A, and equivalents were a class of medium-low gain, pentode vacuum tube amplifiers using the Noval socket configuration. Although originally marketed as pentode tubes for use in early television receivers, they found additional uses in audio and radiotelephone equipment. The series shares the EIA 9BF pinout with a number of other miniature pentode tubes of the era. The most successful tube in this series, 12BY7A was introduced by General Electric in June 1955 as a demodulated video signal amplifier for television receivers.
The number of stations varied over the years expanding and contracting in response to commercial and industrial development. In addition to the radio-telegraph, the system also provided other services to the general public. From 1938 until 1942, under an agreement with Alberta Government Telephones, a radiotelephone service was provided at the following RC Signals stations: Edmonton, McMurray, Fort Smith, Yellowknife and Goldfields. Repeater equipment was installed in the Edmonton Radio Station with connections to the offices of the Alberta Government Telephones from where local or long distance connections were made in the normal manner.
Francis J. McCarty testing his radiotelephone transmitter at the Cliff House hotel in San Francisco in October 1905."Sends Voice Without Wire", San Francisco Call, October 5, 1905, page 4. Francis Joseph McCarty was born in San Francisco, California in 1888 to John Henry McCarty and Catherine Lynch. His sister, Mary Eunice McCarthy (who used a different spelling of the family name), reported in a memoir that at the age of thirteen Francis received permission to drop out of school, having found most of the curriculum a distraction to his desire to become an inventor.
The SCR-68 (SCR was a military term meaning Set, Complete, Radio) was a military radiotelephone used by the US Army Signal Corps as an aircraft radio in the waning months of World War I.Stoller, H. M Engineering Dept, Western Electric Company, Inc. “Development of Airplane Radiotelepone Set.” The Electric Journal May, 1919. Due to its many problems, primarily its inability to communicate with other radios, like its ground component the SCR-67 or the larger truck mounted SCR-108, over large distances, the SCR-68 quickly became obsolete.
After his military service, Anthony graduated from LA State College, where he majored in television and radio broadcasting, under the GI Bill. He concurrently attended Ogden's Radio Operational Engineering School, a short course teaching environment and passed the tests to obtain a First Class FCC Radiotelephone Operators License. Anthony's first radio jobs were part-time work for KBLA 1500 am in Burbank, California formerly known as KROQ-AM now long gone, and KSPA 1400 am in Santa Paula, California . In 1956, Anthony was hired as a full-time personality at KSLR in Oceanside.
A radiogram is a formal written message transmitted by radio. Also known as a radio telegram or radio telegraphic message, radiograms use a standardized message format, form and radiotelephone and/or radiotelegraph transmission procedures. These procedures typically provide a means of transmitting the content of the messages without including the names of the various headers and message sections, so as to minimize the time needed to transmit messages over limited and/or congested radio channels. Various formats have been used historically by maritime radio services, military organizations, and Amateur Radio organizations.
In July 2012, there were about 7,500 main line telephones, which covers about 98% of the country's population. There were approximately 7,800 mobile phones in 2009. Telecom Cook Islands, owned by Spark New Zealand, is the islands' main telephone system and offers international direct dialling, Internet, email, fax, and Telex. The individual islands are connected by a combination of satellite earth stations, microwave systems, and very high frequency and high frequency radiotelephone; within the islands, service is provided by small exchanges connected to subscribers by open wire, cable, and fibre optic cable.
In addition to Morse code, this development work included radiotelephone transmissions, using the recently developed capabilities of vacuum-tube transmitters. In conjunction with his wartime work Conrad was authorized to operate a radio transmitter from his home, using the call sign 3WE, for communication with a second station located at the Westinghouse plant in East Pittsburgh."Signing Off on the First Ten Years" by George W. Gray, World's Work, December 1930, page 46. He also produced a wind-driven electrical generator, attached to a plane's wing, for powering a radio transmitter.
Radiotelephone receivers are usually designed to a very high standard, and are usually of the double-conversion superhet design. Likewise, transmitters are carefully designed to avoid unwanted interference and feature power outputs from a few tens of milliwatts to perhaps 50 watts for a mobile unit, up to a couple of hundred watts for a base station. Multiple channels are often provided using a frequency synthesizer. Receivers usually feature a squelch circuit to cut off the audio output from the receiver when there is no transmission to listen to.
Monaural sound has largely been replaced by stereo sound in most entertainment applications, but remains the standard for radiotelephone communications, telephone networks, and audio induction loops for use with hearing aids. FM radio stations broadcast in stereo, while most AM radio stations broadcast in mono. (Although an AM stereo broadcast standard exists, few AM stations are equipped to use it.) A few FM stations—notably talk-radio stations—choose to broadcast in monaural because of the slight advantage in signal strength and bandwidth the standard affords over a stereophonic signal of the same power.
Logo of Deutsche Bundespost Telekom with posthorn before privatization Germany's first mobile- communications services were radiotelephone systems that were owned and operated by the state postal monopoly, Deutsche Bundespost. It launched the analog first-generation C-Netz ("C Network", marketed as C-Tel), Germany's first true mobile phone network in 1985. On July 1, 1989, West Germany reorganized Deutsche Bundespost and consolidated telecommunications into a new unit, Deutsche Bundespost Telekom. On July 1, 1992, it began to operate Germany's first GSM network, along with the C-Netz, as its DeTeMobil subsidiary.
In radio broadcasting, quasi-synchronous transmission is a method of achieving wider area coverage using multiple transmitters but without needing multiple frequencies. It became technically feasible in the mid 1970s, but was rapidly superseded by cellular networks in the early 1980s, so it is rarely found today. It was invented by engineer J. T. Murasko of UK radiotelephone manufacturer Dymar Electronics. The principle of operation is to precisely control the transmission frequency so accurately that interference between adjacent transmitters is kept under control, with a beat frequency of about 10-15 hertz only.
Stornophone 6000 Cab Secure RadioCab Secure Radio (CSR) was an in-cab analogue radiotelephone system formerly used on parts of the British railway network. Its main function was to provide a secure speech link between the train driver and the signaller which could not be overheard by other train drivers. In areas where CSR was used it had to be the primary method of communication between driver and signaller, always being used in preference to the signal post telephone. CSR was replaced by the GSM-R digital system, forming the initial phase of rollout of ERTMS throughout the UK.
WHCU was first licensed as a broadcasting station, with the call sign WEAI, in May 1922 to Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. However, by this time the school already had extensive experience with radio communication on an experimental basis. The school reportedly began experimentation with a spark transmitter in 1906, and began radiotelephone work in 1910.Cornell University section, Education's Own Stations by S. E. Frost, Jr. 1937, pages 73-77. In mid-1915 the university was issued a license to operate a "Technical and Training School" station, 8YC,"New Stations: Special Land Stations", Radio Service Bulletin, June 1915, page 3.
Tillman's platoon leader First Lieutenant David Uthlaut and his radiotelephone operator (RTO), 19-year-old Jade Lane, were wounded in the incident. The Army initially claimed that Tillman and his unit were attacked in an apparent ambush on a road outside of the village of Sperah about 25 miles (40 km) southwest of Khost, near the Pakistan border. It was not until after his burial that investigations by the Department of Defense and U.S. Congress were launched, eventually ruling his death as having come by friendly fire. The Army Special Operations Command initially claimed that there was an exchange with hostile forces.
However, the limitations of the high- frequency spark soon became apparent, and he switched to developing refined versions of the Poulsen arc, which was more stable and had better audio fidelity. In early 1912, Herrold was hired as chief engineer of the National Wireless Telephone and Telegraph Company in San Francisco. With hopes that they could develop a highly profitable point-to-point "arc fone" radiotelephone, he produced a system with good quality audio—colloquially described as "shaving the whiskers off the wireless telephone""2000 Experiments One Part of Task", San Jose Mercury News, March 31, 1915, Page 9.
Advertisement for the Collins wireless phone for automobiles. Collins participated in demonstrations promoting stock sales, which over time included extravagant and misleading claims. A common company tactic was to set up a demonstration at a hotel in a targeted town, and, after successfully talking between two rooms using the short-range induction system, claim that a community-wide radiotelephone exchange had also been perfected, and would be installed pending financing by local stock sales. These tests were widely publicized, featuring promotional photographs of prominent persons, including William Jennings Bryan and U.S. President William Howard Taft, using the company's devices.
Charles Tart was born on April 29, 1937, in Morrisville, Pennsylvania, and grew up in Trenton, New Jersey. He was active in amateur radio and worked as a radio engineer (with a First Class Radiotelephone License from the Federal Communications Commission) while a teenager. As an undergraduate, Tart first studied electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology before transferring to Duke University to study psychology under J. B. Rhine. He received his Ph.D. in psychology from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1963, and then completed postdoctoral research in hypnosis under Ernest R. Hilgard at Stanford University.
He used it in a historic 36 km (24 mi) voice transmission from Berlin to Nauen, Germany. Compare its small size with above transmitter. Although AM was used in a few crude experiments in multiplex telegraph and telephone transmission in the late 1800s, the practical development of amplitude modulation is synonymous with the development between 1900 and 1920 of "radiotelephone" transmission, that is, the effort to send sound (audio) by radio waves. The first radio transmitters, called spark gap transmitters, transmitted information by wireless telegraphy, using different length pulses of carrier wave to spell out text messages in Morse code.
Some Q-codes are also used in aviation, in particular QNE, QNH and QFE, referring to certain altimeter settings. These codes are used in radiotelephone conversations with air traffic control as unambiguous shorthand, where safety and efficiency are of vital importance. A subset of Q-codes is used by the Miami-Dade County, Florida local government for law enforcement and fire rescue communications, one of the few instances where Q-codes are used in ground voice communication. The QAA–QNZ code range includes phrases applicable primarily to the aeronautical service, as defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization.
The Marine Radiotelephone Service or HF ship-to-shore operates on shortwave radio frequencies, using single-sideband modulation. The usual method is that a ship calls a shore station, and the shore station's marine operator connects the caller to the public switched telephone network. This service is retained for safety reasons, but in practice has been made obsolete by satellite telephones (particularly INMARSAT) and VoIP telephone and email via satellite internet. Short wave radio is used because it bounces between the ionosphere and the ground, giving a modest 1,000 watt transmitter (the standard power) a worldwide range.
Fessenden unsuccessfully attempted to sell this form of radiotelephone, later noting: "In 1904, with a 20,000 frequency spark and compressed nitrogen gap, such good results were obtained that a demonstration was given to a number of electrical engineers, who signed affidavits that they considered the articulation as commercially good over twenty-five miles, and the sets were advertised for sale..." (In a 1908 review, he conceded that with this approach "The transmission was, however, still not absolutely perfect.")"Wireless Telephony" by Reginald A. Fessenden, Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, Vol. XXVII (1908), Part 1, pages 553-629.
The District's San Francisco Maritime Museum building was built as a bathhouse in 1936 by the WPA; in streamline moderne style, its interior is decorated with fantastic, colorful murals. The Steamship Room illustrates the evolution of maritime technology from wind to steam, and there are displays of lithographic stones, scrimshaw, and whaling guns and photo-murals of San Francisco's early waterfront. A visitors gallery hosts such exhibitions as Sparks (2005), which showcased shipboard radio, radiotelephone, and radio- teletype equipment from over the years. In front of the Maritime Museum is a man-made lagoon on the site of the former Black Point Cove.
Autotel (also called PALM, or Public Automated Land Mobile) is a radiotelephone service which was the "missing link" between earlier MTS/IMTS and later cellular telephone services. It used digital signaling for supervisory messages (call setup, ringing, channel assignment, etc.), except the voice channel was analog (as was the original NMT and AMPS cellular systems). This system was not cellular, as it used existent high-power (35 watt) VHF channels. This system was developed for rural British Columbia, Canada, where building a network of low-power cellular terminals to cover a forest would have been prohibitively expensive.
1938 Zenith Model 12-S vacuum-tube console radio, capable of picking up mediumwave and shortwave AM transmissions. "All Wave" receivers could also pick up the third AM band, longwave stations. Unlike telegraph and telephone systems, which used completely different types of equipment, most radio receivers were equally suitable for both radiotelegraph and radiotelephone reception. In 1903 and 1904 the electrolytic detector and thermionic diode (Fleming valve) were invented by Reginald Fessenden and John Ambrose Fleming, respectively. Most important, in 1904–1906 the crystal detector, the simplest and cheapest AM detector, was developed by G. W. Pickard.
Those in the chair car had high backs, while those in the domes had low backs that measured only from the seat cushion to the top of the headrest. The Train of Tomorrow featured numerous additional amenities, including Diesel auxiliary power units (head-end power) on each car, an all-electric kitchen, fluorescent light fixtures throughout the train, a public address system, and even a radiotelephone, which during demonstrations placed a call to the ocean liner RMS Queen Elizabeth while at sea. Each car on the train also had a and a air conditioning unit. In all, the train could carry a capacity of 216 passengers.
Like in the kitchen in the dining car, the bar's floor was a "metal pan" finished in anti-slip Martex. Both of these lounge areas were separated from the passageway by half- wall partitions. The dome of Moon Glow, like the domes in the chair car and sleeping car, accommodated 24 people. At the base of the stairs to the dome was a built-in writing desk area, which contained cubicles for writing supplies, the public address system, an intratrain telephone, and a "train-to- shore" radiotelephone that could be operated whenever the train was within of the 30 largest metropolitan areas in the United States.
In December 1911 Collins and three of his associates were arrested, and charged with mail fraud in connection with the promotion of both Collins Wireless and its Continental Wireless successor."Swindled Out of $40,000,000" Norwich (Connecticut) Bulletin, November 22, 1910, p. 1. The indictment charges included overstating the scope of the company's patents, and also fraudulently claiming that its radiotelephone equipment had been perfected to the point that it was ready for widespread commercial deployment. In a trial that ended in early 1913, Collins was one of the three defendants found guilty, and was sentenced to three years' imprisonment, although he would be released after serving one year.
AM was the earliest modulation method used for transmitting audio in radio broadcasting. It was developed during the first quarter of the 20th century beginning with Roberto Landell de Moura and Reginald Fessenden's radiotelephone experiments in 1900. This original form of AM is sometimes called double-sideband amplitude modulation (DSBAM), because the standard method produces sidebands on either side of the carrier frequency. Single-sideband modulation uses bandpass filters to eliminate one of the sidebands and possibly the carrier signal, which improves the ratio of message power to total transmission power, reduces power handling requirements of line repeaters, and permits better bandwidth utilization of the transmission medium.
John W. Staples from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, was awarded the status of Fellow in the American Physical Society, after they were nominated by their Division of Physics of Beams in 2009, for his exemplary leadership and contributions to the design, fabrication and commissioning of radio frequency quadrupoles, for his innovative work in the development of femtosecond beam synchronization techniques, and for dedication to the mentoring of accelerator students and young colleagues. He received his Extra Class ham license and First Class Radiotelephone and Radar licenses in 1958. Besides being an avid collector of vintage electronics, he has been a passionate motorcyclist for over 50 years.
This makes it one of four St. Louis radio stations awarded a license in the spring of 1922. In the year-and-a-half prior to WEB's first license, the Benwood Company and its owners had made several experimental broadcasts on an irregular schedule. The Benwood Company was a small electrical firm, specializing in radio, that was named after its co-founders, the company's president William E. Woods, and vice president Lester Arthur "Eddie" Benson. On election night November 2, 1920, the two men broadcast election results provided by the St. Louis Post-Dispatch newspaper, over a radiotelephone transmitter operated at Woods' home at 4312 De Tonty Street.
Radiotelephony procedures encompass international regulations, official procedures, technical standards, and commonly understood conventions intended to ensure efficient, reliable, and inter-operable communications via all modes of radio communications. The most well-developed and public procedures are contained in the Combined Communications Electronics Board's Allied Communications Procedure ACP 125(G): Communications Instructions Radiotelephone Procedures. These procedures consist of many different components. The three most important ones are: # Voice procedures—what to say # Speech technique—how to say it # Microphone technique—how to say it into a microphone These procedures have been developed, tested under the most difficult of conditions, then revised to implement the lessons learned, many times since the early 1900s.
The military authorities also installed their own equipment, including two radiotelephone prototypes constructed to withstand high altitude. The observatory was located in a remote, deserted area, with the nearest store and mail office away (at Żabie, today Verkhovyna), the nearest doctor away, and a rail station in Kolomyia as far as away. The directory of the observatory a local of Mykulychyn Władysław Midowicz wrote that the staff's main problem, however, was water, as no waterworks had been constructed and it had to be carried from a stream away. For fourteen months (July 1938-September 1939) the Observatory was the highest-elevated, permanently inhabited, building of interbellum Poland.
An avid fan of Mister Rogers, Joybubbles was mentioned in a November 1998 Esquire magazine article about children's television host Fred Rogers. In the summer of 1998, Joybubbles traveled to the University of Pittsburgh's Mister Rogers' Neighborhood Archives and watched several hundred episodes over a span of six weeks. An active amateur radio operator with the call sign WB0RPA, he held an amateur extra class license, the highest grade issued.Joybubbles – S.K. As shown in the Federal Communications Commission database, he also earned both a General radiotelephone operator license and a commercial radiotelegraph operator's license, as well as a ship radar endorsement on these certificates.
The stations were used for Wanamaker's inter-company communication, and were also open to the general public, for sending telegrams between the two cities, in addition to ships along the Atlantic coast."Department Stores and the Origins of American Broadcasting" (dissertation) by Ronald J. "Noah" Arceneaux, University of Georgia, 2007, pages 43-54. In 1914, the New York station was used to conduct radiotelephone experiments,"New York to Philadelphia by Wireless Telephone", The Wireless Age, June, 1914, page 725. however the two stations never engaged in general broadcasting, and were operated separately from the later broadcasting stations, WOO in Philadelphia and WWZ in New York City.
The Ministry of Transport was a department of the Government of Spain which existed between 1977 and 1991. The Department was originally named Ministry of Transport and Communications and it was endowed with powers over the postal, telegraphic, radiotelegraphic, telephone and radiotelephone services, the management of all kind of transports (land, air and maritime) and fishery. The fishery powers were transferred to the Ministry of Agriculture in 1980 and the same year the Secretariat of State for Tourism was added to the Ministry. For this reason, the department was renamed Ministry of Transport, Tourism and Communications the following year until its dissolution in 1991.
Bush agreed with this idea, and a new organization, The Tuscola Radio Supply Station, was formed to conduct the broadcasts as well as sell and install radio receivers."Broadcasting Market Information by Radiotelephone" by Clyde E. Wiley, The Grain Dealers Journal, December 25, 1921, page 846. The first transmitter, installed by Wiley, had a power rating of 10 watts."Modern Grain Price Broadcasting Originated in Tuscola Man's Office", Decatur (Illinois) Herald, June 4, 1953, page 24. The new service debuted on March 17, 1921,"Grain elevator audience crucial to early radio" by Robert Lee Zimmer (AP), Jacksonville (Illinois) Journal Courier, July 16, 1978, page 35.
With the assistance of one of the Jesuit professors at the local St. Ignatius school that he had been attending, McCarty developed his own routine of independent study. At this time radio transmissions (then commonly known as "wireless telegraphy") were limited to the dots-and-dashes of Morse code, and McCarty eventually began work toward developing a practical wireless telephone.Meet Kitty by Mary Eunice McCarthy, 1957, pages 10–14. Initially financing himself with various jobs including clerking at a dry goods house, by 1903 he reported success in developing a radiotelephone capable of transmitting a distance of 4 miles (6 km)."Wireless Telephoning", Saint George (Utah) Dixie Advocate, January 7, 1903, page 5.
At age seventeen, Ally Acker became the first woman to obtain a First Class Radiotelephone Operator license through the FCC, enabling the operation of radio transmitters. WOR AM radio in New York hired her at age eighteen to become their first female engineer. At WOR, Acker worked closely with radio legends Jean Shepherd, Joe Franklin, and Arlene Francis. After graduating from Northwestern University in 1976, Acker made the foray into television as a video editor for WRC-TV, the NBC affiliate station in Washington, D.C. From 1977 to 1980, Acker also worked as a freelance radio producer for the Feminist Radio Network, where she interviewed Alice Walker, who had just completed her second novel, Meridian.
The control terminal was located on the ground floor of the telephone exchange building in Stout Street and was manned 24/7 by Carrier and Toll technicians. Opened in 1953 with a radiotelephone call between the Postmasters-General of New Zealand and Great Britain, it operated until 1993 when it was closed down and stripped. On-site accommodation was provided at nominal rental for technicians in the windbreak-surrounded village near State Highway 1: In the houses for married men and their families, and for up to 16 single men in the Hostel. Continuous '24/7' operation was manned by three shifts a day, with a senior technician in charge of a shift, and a junior technician.
Despite their best efforts, arc-transmitters would prove to be too unrefined to be usable for audio transmissions, and a successful radiotelephone would not be realized until vacuum-tube transmitters were developed in the mid-1910s. In December 1909, the Collins Wireless Telephone Company was merged with three others—the Pacific Wireless Telegraph Company, the Clark Wireless Telegraph Company, and the Massie Wireless Telegraph Company—to form the Continental Wireless Telephone and Telegraph Company, with Collins the new company's Technical Director. Advertisements claimed that Continental was in the process of creating a nationwide service. However, in view of the increasingly shady reputation of its officers, both Walter Massie and Thomas Clark soon withdrew from participation.
A standard landline telephone allows both users to talk and listen simultaneously; effectively there are two open communication channels between the two end-to-end users of the system. In a radiotelephone system, this form of working, known as full-duplex, requires a radio system to simultaneously transmit and receive on two separate frequencies, which both wastes bandwidth and presents some technical challenges. It is, however, the most comfortable method of voice communication for users, and it is currently used in cell phones and was used in the former IMTS. The most common method of working for radiotelephones is half-duplex, operation, which allows one person to talk and the other to listen alternately.
International Civil Aviation: Aeronautical Telecommunications.), the FAA (Aeronautical Information Manual) and by the ITU-R for the Maritime Mobile Service (ITU-R M.1171), and the U.S. Coast Guard (Radiotelephone Handbook). The March, 1940 issue of The APCO Bulletin explains the origin of this order was found to have better results than other methods, # MUST give the callsign of the station you are calling, twice (never three times) # MUST follow the callsign with the proword THIS IS # MUST give your callsign once, and once only # Communicate # SHOULD end your transmission with the proword OVER, or OUT, although this can be omitted when using a repeater that inserts a courtesy tone at the end of each transmission.
AMRAD's primary focus after the war was adopting the radiotelephone for personal communication, and a November 1920 article about the company in the Boston Sunday Post reviewed the possibility of using wireless telephones for communication, particularly in automobiles, but didn't make any references to broadcasting activities."Talking by Wireless as You Travel by Train or Motor", Boston Sunday Post, November 7, 1920, Woman's Section page. AMRAD's business was initially oriented toward government contracts and the small amateur radio market. This focus would radically change with the development of the "broadcasting boom" in the early 1920s, which by the end of 1922 saw the establishment of over 500 broadcasting stations in the United States.
Woodside Health Centre in Glasgow established a successful deputising service before 1973: “. . . twenty general practitioners group together to provide a highly organised system of out-of- hours health care … The telephone” (at the health centre) ” is permanently manned and the patients are not involved in the delays of a post office diversion system. In the evening the telephone is answered by an experienced registered general nurse who can give advice where it is appropriate. In the event of a visit being required the nurse is able to contact the doctor on duty by radiotelephone. . . . . The patient’s previous notes are readily available to the nurse in the health centre and can be passed on to the doctor on duty. . . .
Michael John Hargrave (8 December 1923 – 25 July 1974) was a British general practitioner in Wootton Bassett, Wiltshire, who in 1945 assisted at Bergen- Belsen concentration camp when he volunteered as a medical student from Westminster Hospital at the age of 21. After graduating in medicine in 1947, Hargrave took a house job at Westminster Hospital after which he completed his national service with the Royal Air Force in Egypt and Kenya. Upon returning to Wootton Bassett in 1950, he became a general practitioner and a clinical assistant to the ear, nose and throat clinic at the Princess Margaret Hospital, Swindon. By 1956, he had a purpose-built surgery with an appointment system and radiotelephone.
The newspaper arranged for summaries to be telegraphed across the county to their 600 Pine Street offices, where the information would be posted on a bulletin board located outside the building and megaphoned from the second floor, in addition to the radio transmissions. The newspaper enlisted a local radio expert, Roscoe W. Bell of the Northern Radio Company, to set up a radio transmitter at the newspaper building. Arrangements were also made for the local Navy radio station, located at the L. C. Smith building, to participate by sending fight summaries via radiotelegraph, which had a much greater coverage than the radiotelephone station, although limited to listeners able to read Morse code dots-and-dashes.
Ohio Historical Marker. On July 18, 1907 Lee de Forest transmitted the first ship-to-shore messages that were sent by radiotelephone At the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition, Valdemar Poulsen had presented a paper on an arc transmitter, which unlike the discontinuous pulses produced by spark transmitters, created steady "continuous wave" signals that could be used for amplitude modulated (AM) audio transmissions. Although Poulsen had patented his invention, de Forest claimed to have come up with a variation that allowed him to avoid infringing on Poulsen's work. Using his "sparkless" arc transmitter, de Forest first transmitted audio across a lab room on December 31, 1906, and by February was making experimental transmissions, including music produced by Thaddeus Cahill's telharmonium, that were heard throughout the city.
A body called the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) allocates the frequency bands in the radio spectrum to various classes of users. In some classes, each transmitter is given a unique call sign consisting of a string of letters and numbers which must be used as an identifier in transmissions. The operator of the transmitter usually must hold a government license, such as a general radiotelephone operator license, which is obtained by passing a test demonstrating adequate technical and legal knowledge of safe radio operation. Exceptions to the above regulations allow the unlicensed use of low-power short-range transmitters in consumer products such as cell phones, cordless telephones, wireless microphones, walkie-talkies, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth devices, garage door openers, and baby monitors.
It was made famous by Queen Consort Emma when she officially opened the radiotelephone service from Koninklijke PTT Nederland main building in The Hague on January 7, 1929 with the words "Hallo Bandoeng… Hier Den Haag". It quickly escalated even further as a catchphrase since the release of Dutch song "Hallo Bandoeng" by Willy Derby which sold more than 50,000 copies, a remarkable number at that time. This early version of the song lyrics indicated that it was not meant to be a war-related-marching song but simply a sentimental-yearning song. During Japanese invasion, the song was translated into Indonesian language as part of Japanese propaganda which included the elimination of any Dutch influences and promote the use of Indonesian language throughout the country.
They reasoned that before the cabaret closed down they had performed with anxiety due to the fear of incarceration; now they did not need to fear because they were already in prison! It was due to the intervention of his friend, actress Käthe Dorsch, who talked to Goebbels' rival Hermann Göring, that Finck was released on 1 July on condition that he did not work in public for a year. Despite this he continued performing before live audiences from 1937 onwards, as well as in film, where he had a successful, if undistinguished, career from 1931. However, he was banned from the Reichskulturkammer in 1939 and, threatened with arrest again, he joined the Wehrmacht armed forces in the rank of a private radiotelephone operator to avoid imprisonment.
"Wireless Phones Being Installed", (Portland) Oregonian, March 22, 1919, page 5 In early 1919, British Marconi shipped a bulky combination desk and 500-watt transmitter, shaped like an upright piano, to the Canadian Marconi building in Montreal at 173 William Street (later re- numbered as 1017). The set, capable of two-way radiotelephone and longer-range radiotelegraph operation, had been developed during World War One, but with the end of the war was now surplus. The parent company hoped there might be commercial interest within the Canadian paper and pulp industry in using transmitters like this for communication between their mills and offices."Early Days in Canadian Broadcasting" (Adventures in Radio - 14) by D. R. P. Coats, Manitoba Calling, November 1940, page 7.
Comparison of an amateur radio handheld transceiver, cell phone, and matchbox A radiotelephone (or radiophone) is a radio communication system for transmission of speech over radio. Radiotelephony means transmission of sound (audio) by radio, in contrast to radiotelegraphy, which is transmission of telegraph signals, or television, transmission of moving pictures and sound. The term may include radio broadcasting systems, which transmit audio one way to listeners, but usually refers to two-way radio systems for bidirectional person-to-person voice communication between separated users, such as CB radio or marine radio. In spite of the name, radiotelephony systems are not necessarily connected to or have anything to do with the telephone network, and in some radio services, including GMRS, interconnection is prohibited.
FAA radiotelephony alphabet and Morse code chart The International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet, commonly known as the NATO phonetic alphabet or the ICAO phonetic alphabet, is the most widely used radiotelephone spelling alphabet. The ITU phonetic alphabet and figure code is a variant. To create the alphabet, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) assigned codewords acrophonically to the letters of the English alphabet, so that letters and numbers would have distinct names that would be most easily understood by those who exchange voice messages by radio or telephone, regardless of language differences or the quality of the communication channel. Such spelling alphabets are often called "phonetic alphabets", but they are unrelated to phonetic transcription systems such as the International Phonetic Alphabet.
The radiotelephone was powered by a six-volt battery similar to automotive batteries that was mounted under the car, and it used an "piano wire" antenna mounted to the roof, both of which were supplied by Illinois Bell. The observation lounge at the end of the car had an oval-shaped appearance, with a rounded end in its ceiling lighting cove matching the rounded shape of the end of the car. The observation lounge included nine movable lounge chairs, as well as three sofas: two kidney-shaped ones (seating two and three people, respectively) that could also be moved, and a third large, curved, built-in sofa. The sofas and chairs were turned toward the windows while the train was in motion, but during tours they were turned inward.
AT&T; had an early interest in radiotelephone development, although initially only as a method for establishing telephone links to locations where it was not possible to string wire lines. Lee de Forest's development of vacuum-tube amplification would prove invaluable for progress in a number of areas. In July 1913 the company spent $50,000 to purchase from the inventor the patent rights for telephone wire amplification, and in 1915 used this innovation to make the first transcontinental telephone calls. In October 1914, the company further purchased the commercial patent rights for radio signalling for $90,000, and in October 1915 conducted test radio transmissions from the Navy's station in Arlington, Virginia, NAA, that were heard as far away as Paris, France"By Wireless 'Phone from Arlington to Paris", The Electrical Experimenter, December 1915, page 393.
The original equipment weighed , and there were initially only 3 channels for all the users in the metropolitan area. Later, more licenses were added, bringing the total to 32 channels across 3 bands (See IMTS frequencies). This service was used at least into the 1980s in large portions of North America.Regis J. Bates, Donald W. Gregory Voice & data communications handbook McGraw-Hill Professional, 2007, page 193 On October 2, 1946, Motorola communications equipment carried the first calls on Illinois Bell Telephone Company's new car radiotelephone service in Chicago. Motorola First Car Radio TelephoneHistory of Car Telephones 1946-1953 Due to the small number of radio frequencies available, the service quickly reached capacity. In Finland, car phone service was first available in 1971 on the zero-generation ARP (Autoradiopuhelin, or Car Radiophone) service.
The Commandant of the United States Coast Guard, Admiral John B. Hayes, approved the report of the marine board of investigation on the collision between Blackthorn and Capricorn. The board determined that the cause of the collision was the failure of both vessels to keep well to the side of the channel which lay on each ship's starboard (right) sides. Concurring with the marine board's determination of the cause, the Commandant emphasized in his "Action" that the failure of the persons in charge of both vessels to ascertain the intentions of the other through the exchange of appropriate whistle signals was the primary contributing cause. Additionally, Admiral Hayes pointed out that attempts to establish a passing agreement by using only radiotelephone communications failed to be an adequate substitute for exchanging proper whistle signals.
Murray, Robert P. (2005) The Early Development of Radio in Canada, 1901-1930, pages 23-24. Captain H. J. Round was a British Marconi engineer who had led that company's development of radiotelephone transmitters during the war. In March 1919 Canadian Marconi announced that it was planning to "install the new wireless telephone at important points in and around Montreal in the near future", in order that "the public will be able to test for themselves the latest development in long distance communication". There were also plans to install one of the devices in the Transportation Building office of J. N. Greenshields, president of the Montreal Board of Trade,"Wireless 'Phones Being Installed", Montreal Gazette, March 22, 1919, page 5 which "will enable brokers to talk with Kingston, Ottawa, Three Rivers and Quebec".
Televerket also pioneered mobile telephony in Sweden; it launched Sweden's first manual radiotelephone service, MTA (Mobiltelefonisystem A) in 1956, which was later succeeded by MTB (1962–1983) and MTD (1971–1987). On 1 October 1981, Televerket launched the first fully automatic (1G) mobile phone network in the world, called Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT), which eventually superseded the manual MTA, MTB and MTD networks. From 1980 onwards Televerket's de-facto monopoly was eroded with increasing government liberalisation of the industry, as well as early attempts by private companies, most notably and successfully at that period of time by Kinnevik AB, to dismantle said state-sanctioned telecommunications monopoly through its company Comvik. From 1980 the Riksdag enabled legislation that opened the market to allow competitor's telephones to be connected to the network.
Historically, this band was used for long distance transoceanic radio communication during the wireless telegraphy era between about 1905 and 1925. Nations built networks of high power LF and VLF radiotelegraphy stations that transmitted text information by Morse code, to communicate with other countries, their colonies and naval fleets. Early attempts were made to use radiotelephone using amplitude modulation and single-sideband modulation within the band starting from 20 kHz, but the result was unsatisfactory because the available bandwidth was insufficient to contain the sidebands. In the 1920s the discovery of the skywave (skip) radio propagation method allowed lower power transmitters operating at high frequency to communicate at similar distances by reflecting their radio waves off a layer of ionized atoms in the ionosphere, and long distance radio communication stations switched to the shortwave frequencies.
Radio transmitters must be licensed by governments, under a variety of license classes depending on use, and are restricted to certain frequencies and power levels. In some classes, such as radio and television broadcasting stations, the transmitter is given a unique identifier consisting of a string of letters and numbers called a call sign, which must be used in all transmissions. The radio operator must hold a government license, such as the general radiotelephone operator license in the US, obtained by taking a test demonstrating adequate technical and legal knowledge of safe radio operation. Exceptions to the above rules allow the unlicensed operation by the public of low power short range transmitters in consumer products such as cell phones, cordless phones, wireless devices, walkie-talkies, citizens band radios, wireless microphones, garage door openers, and baby monitors.
A standard handheld marine VHF, mandatory on larger seagoing vessels under the GMDSS rules A VHF set and a VHF channel 70 DSC set, the DSC on top A vintage (76-89) marine VHF radiotelephone Marine VHF radio is a worldwide system of two way radio transceivers on ships and watercraft used for bidirectional voice communication from ship-to-ship, ship-to-shore (for example with harbormasters), and in certain circumstances ship-to-aircraft. It uses FM channels in the very high frequency (VHF) radio band in the frequency range between 156 and 174 MHz, inclusive. In the official language of the International Telecommunication Union the band is called the VHF maritime mobile band. In some countries additional channels are used, such as the L and F channels for leisure and fishing vessels in the Nordic countries (at 155.5–155.825 MHz).
The federal government initially denied the SEP because it was trying to work with radiotelephone operators, but interest in Mexican radio grew. On June 7, 1923, General Amado Aguirre set guidelines for radio stations, and on July 15, 1924, 13 days after Vasconcelos stepped down, the SEP got its radio station. A transmitter was bought from WEAF in New York and installed on the third floor of the SEP's building. Joaquín Beristáin was charged with designing the first program lineup. On November 30, 1924, the SEP station began formal operations under the callsign CYE, which was changed within a matter of days to CZE. The station broadcast on 560 kilohertz with 500 watts. María Luisa Ross was the station's first full director, being named on January 1, 1925. Early programming included telecourses, arts programming, and an early news program.
Dr. Reynolds, an expert on the dangers of radiation, was concerned about the effect of this additional radiation on the world environment. Mikami, as a citizen of Hiroshima, said in effect that his desire to be included on such a trip was a "no brainer." The family spent days in research, thought and prayer and on June 11, 1958, the Phoenix cleared from Honolulu "for the high seas." On July 1, at the edge of the invisible perimeter of the zone, Reynolds announced by radiotelephone, on the international frequency for ships at sea, "The United States yacht Phoenix is sailing today into the nuclear test zone as a protest against nuclear testing..." The Phoenix became the first vessel to enter a nuclear test zone in protest when they sailed into the test area at Bikini Atoll.
A mobile radio telephone Mobile radio telephone systems were telephone systems of a wireless type that preceded the modern cellular mobile form of telephony technology. Since they were the predecessors of the first generation of cellular telephones, these systems are sometimes retroactively referred to as pre-cellular (or sometimes zero generation, that is, 0G) systems. Technologies used in pre-cellular systems included the Push to Talk (PTT or manual), Mobile Telephone Service (MTS), Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS), and Advanced Mobile Telephone System (AMTS) systems. These early mobile telephone systems can be distinguished from earlier closed radiotelephone systems in that they were available as a commercial service that was part of the public switched telephone network, with their own telephone numbers, rather than part of a closed network such as a police radio or taxi dispatch system.
By the mid-20th century, Western culture was exported worldwide through the emergent mass media: film, radio, television and recorded music; and the development and growth of international transport and telecommunication (such as transatlantic cable and the radiotelephone) played a decisive role in modern globalization. In modern usage, Western world sometimesWestern Civilization, Our Tradition; James Kurth; accessed 30 August 2011 refers to Europe and to areas whose populations have had a large European ethnical presence since the 15th century Age of Discovery. This is most evident in Australia's inclusion in modern definitions of the Western world: despite being part of the Eastern hemisphere; these regions and those like it are included due to its significant British influence deriving from the colonisation of British explorers, and the immigration of Europeans in the 20th century which has since grounded the country to the Western world politically and culturally.
However, prior to the destruction of the Laeken facility, experimental work was done to develop equipment capable of making audio transmissions, which led to Europe's first organized entertainment radio broadcasts. (These appear to be the second oldest known regularly scheduled radio concerts, preceded only in the United States by Charles "Doc" Herrold in San Jose, California, who began a similar series of weekly concerts in the summer of 1912.)"Musical Concert by Wireless Telephone", San Diego (California) Union, 23 July 1912, page 19. Because the spark transmitters required trained operators who could send and receive Morse code, Goldschmidt and Braillard began to investigate whether the stations could be converted to radiotelephone operations which would be easier to staff. In 1913 they began work on audio transmissions using a special high-frequency spark transmitter developed by Italian Riccardo Moretti,"Moretti's Wireless Phone", The Wireless Age, January 1914, page 338.
Pigeons were used to deliver messages for Catalina residents until 1899.Baker, Gayle, pp. 27–28. By 1902, the first commercial wireless telegraph station was built in Avalon where the Chimes Tower now stands. On July 16, 1920, the world's first commercial wireless radiotelephone toll circuit was opened to the public between San Pedro and Avalon."Telephone Almanac 1941" New York: American Telegraph & Telegraph Co. (1941) p. 17 Designed by and installed under the direction of Western Electric Company/Bell Labs engineer Lewis M. Clement (1892-1979), the system drew other engineers from all over the world to study it."Lewis Mason Clement – Board of Directors, 1945", New York: Institute of Radio Engineers (Since 1962: IEEE). Proceedings of the I.R.E. Vol 33, #11, p. 734 November, 1945Offenhauser, W.H., Cooper, Bruce C. "Lewis Mason Clement (1892–1979): An Appreciation of a Great Radio Engineer and Administrator".
COMSAT Mobile Communications (CMC), a telecommunications company which provides global mobile communications solutions to the maritime, land mobile and aeronautical communities, and offers data, voice, fax, telex and video capabilities via the Inmarsat geosynchronous satellite constellation through two earth station facilities in Southbury, Connecticut, and Santa Paula, California. CMC was a business unit of COMSAT Corporation of Bethesda, MD (NYSE: CQ) (delisted). In concert with COMSAT General Corporation's (another business unit of COMSAT Corp) MARISAT system, CMC sparked a revolution in medium- and long-distance maritime ship-to-shore communication, augmenting and eventually replacing cumbersome and technically challenging high-power radiotelegraph and radiotelephone equipment with solid state, user-friendly satellite terminals which required relatively minimal training to use in voice, fax, and telex modes that were impervious to normal radio propagation conditions and unaffected by distance, although initial rates were high ($10 per minute for voice/fax to/from the USA).
After the United States entered World War One, an executive order issued on April 7, 1917 made it illegal for civilians to possess working radio receivers, and the government took control of most of the radio industry. During the conflict AMRAD received several profitable military contracts, and appears to have been one of the few civilian organizations allowed to conduct radio transmissions during the war. On February 21, 1919, a few months before the October 1919 lifting of the general ban on civilian transmitters, AMRAD announced that it would attempt to establish two-way radiotelephone communication with the George Washington as it approached Boston with President Woodrow Wilson aboard."Wilson Will Come to Pier in Navy Cutter", Boston Herald, February 21, 1919, page 6. 1XE was revived after the conclusion of the war, and the station reportedly began experimental voice and music broadcasts in 1919.
It was immediately recognized that, much like the telegraph had preceded the invention of the telephone, the ability to make audio radio transmissions would be a significant technical advance. Despite this knowledge, it still took two decades to perfect the technology needed to make quality audio transmissions. In addition, the telephone had rarely been used for distributing entertainment, outside of a few "telephone newspaper" systems, most of which were established in Europe. With this in mind, most early radiotelephone development envisioned that the device would be more profitably developed as a "wireless telephone" for personal communication, or for providing links where regular telephone lines could not be run, rather than for the uncertain finances of broadcasting. Nellie Melba making a broadcast over the Marconi Chelmsford Works radio station in England on 15 June 1920 Farmer listening to U.S. government weather and crop reports using a crystal radio in 1923.
Effective October 1, 1919, the ban on civilian radio stations was lifted. Although his station would not be formally relicensed until January 21, 1921,Experimental License number 236, call sign 8XK, covering January 21, 1920-January 20, 1921. Conrad resumed experimenting, again using the 8XK callsign,Presumably Conrad had been given an informal authorization to operate pending the license reissuance. "Getting Your Licenses" (QST, November 1919, page 12) noted that "Radio Inspectors are authorized, however, to advise applicants what call letters they will eventually receive on their licenses and authorize them to commence operation at once, using their official call, without awaiting receipt of the actual license." and now also testing vacuum- tube radiotelephone equipment. Conrad's experimental radio station, 8XK, was located in his home's garage. He was responsible for one of the country's first post-war radio broadcasts, when, on the evening of October 17, 1919,"The Radio Amateur" by C. E. Urban, "Wireless Telephone Here", Pittsburgh Gazette Times, October 26, 1919, Sixth section, page 13.
ATIS use on the Trans- European Inland Waterway network and connecting waterways is mandated by the Regional Arrangement Concerning the Radiotelephone Service on Inland Waterways (RAINWAT) agreements, which also prohibit the use of Digital Selective Calling (DSC) where ATIS is required, except in some near-coastal areas, or in sea- like areas of The Netherlands. The database of ATIS vessel identities is maintained by the Belgian Institute for Postal Services and Telecommunications (fr) (nl). The ATIS signalling protocol is based on that used for Digital Selective Calling (DSC); with the ATIS transmissions having the format specifier field set to a value of 121. While DSC transmissions take place exclusively on Channel 70, the ATIS digital signal is transmitted on the same VHF channel as the voice transmission: it lasts for 285 milliseconds after the PTT button has been released, using frequency modulation frequency-shift keying (FSK) between the frequencies of 1,300 Hz and 2,100 Hz at 1,200 baud.
"Wireless Phone Relays Returns of Post-Dispatch", St. Louis Post-Dispatch, November 3, 1920, page 3. (At least three other stations made election night broadcasts: the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company at East Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania under a Special Amateur authorization, 8ZZ (now KDKA), the Detroit News' "Detroit News Radiophone" station, operating under an amateur station authorization, 8MK (now WWJ),"Screen, Radio Give Returns", Detroit News, November 3, 1920, pages 1-2. and the Buffalo Evening News, over an amateur station operated by Charles C. Klinck, Jr."'News' Wireless Service on Election Wins Praise", Buffalo Evening News, November 4, 1920, page 2.) Benson and Woods continued to work on developing radiotelephone equipment, and an early December 1920 newspaper article stated that they had successfully communicated with an automobile over a distance of 30 miles (48 kilometers). At the time, it was noted that "The wireless telephone will be the last word in luxury tourists", and it also could be installed on police department automobiles for emergency communication.
The influence of cinema and radio remained, while televisions became near essentials in every home. By the mid-20th century, Western culture was exported worldwide, and the development and growth of international transport and telecommunication (such as transatlantic cable and the radiotelephone) played a decisive role in modern globalization. The West has contributed a great many technological, political, philosophical, artistic and religious aspects to modern international culture: having been a crucible of Catholicism, Protestantism, democracy, industrialisation; the first major civilisation to seek to abolish slavery during the 19th century, the first to enfranchise women (beginning in Australasia at the end of the 19th century) and the first to put to use such technologies as steam, electric and nuclear power. The West invented cinema, television, the personal computer and the Internet; produced artists such as Michelangelo, Shakespeare, Rembrandt, Bach, and Mozart; developed sports such as soccer, cricket, golf, tennis, rugby, basketball, and volleyball; and transported humans to an astronomical object for the first time with the 1969 Apollo 11 Moon Landing.
Sunday Magazine article in the August 7, 1921 issue of The Dallas Morning News reviewed the police radiotelephone station that had just been licensed as WRR."The Long Arm of the Dallas Police" by P. V. Keating, Dallas Morning News, Sunday Magazine, August 7, 1921, page 1.In July 1921, Bennett Emerson sold his transmitting equipment to the city for $250, and it was installed on the second floor of the Central Fire Station at 2012 Main Street, where it came under the oversight of "Dad" Garrett.Sachs, pages 18-19. On August 5, 1921, a Limited Commercial license with the randomly assigned call letters WRR was issued to "City of Dallas (Police and Fire Signal Dept.)", which authorized transmissions on the wavelengths of 400, 450 and 500 meters (750, 667 and 600 kHz),"New Stations: Commercial Land Stations", Radio Service Bulletin, September 1, 1921. Beginning with the introduction of U.S. radio station licensing in late 1912, it had been the practice to assign call signs starting with "K" in the west and "W" in the east.
If a suitable chartplotter is not available, local area AIS transceiver signals may be viewed via a computer using one of several computer applications such as ShipPlotter and Gnuais. These demodulate the signal from a modified marine VHF radiotelephone tuned to the AIS frequencies and convert into a digital format that the computer can read and display on a monitor; this data may then be shared via a local or wide area network via TCP or UDP protocols but will still be limited to the collective range of the radio receivers used in the network. Because computer AIS monitoring applications and normal VHF radio transceivers do not possess AIS transceivers, they may be used by shore-based facilities that have no need to transmit or as an inexpensive alternative to a dedicated AIS device for smaller vessels to view local traffic but, of course, the user will remain unseen by other traffic on the network. A secondary, unplanned and emerging use for AIS data is to make it viewable publicly, on the internet, without the need for an AIS receiver.

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