1000 Sentences With "shortwave" | Random Sentence Generator

Shortwave, likewise, is easy to pick up from long distances.

Plus you never know when shortwave will come in handy.

Mainakinay had heard of the group on his shortwave radio.

Bitcoin transactions are "being broadcast on shortwave radio," he said.

We'd get Montreal on the shortwave radio once a week.

For 270 minutes on Fridays on the shortwave, there was Canteen Girl.

Meanwhile, the shortwave site continues to haunt her sound art performances and interactive installations.

New satellites, with shortwave-infrared sensors, can detect fires as small as a backyard barbecue.

It uses shortwave infrared technology to see where and how intensely the fire is burning.

In the 1920s, for example, major newspapers like The New York Times would rely on shortwave radio waves for news-gathering, and news groups called on the Federal Radio Commission to ensure that their access to their access to shortwave radio lines would continue unabated.

It will power a single LED light bulb, perhaps charge a phone and a shortwave radio.

The service beams its Uighur-language reports for two hours each day via shortwave radio and satellite.

DigitalGlobe released the color, near-infrared and shortwave infrared resolution imagery via tweet the following day, June 4.

" "Even one shortwave interacting with the low and its subtropical connection would've resulted in a strong Atlantic storm.

It's unclear how Shortwave would differ from that app, although it's likely the two were developed in isolation.

It has been a long road for the girl who fell in love with someone over shortwave radio.

Sometimes it's a large, well-known shortwave transmitting site, and you can find the coordinates in five minutes.

She knew this because she, too, listened to the same banned radio stations on a crackling shortwave radio.

They've bought bottles of water, a shortwave radio and canned food, and are staying put at Sample's house.

What are those mysterious conversations one of the boys is having with someone on the outside via shortwave radio?

Then she'd receive coded instructions via shortwave radio about where to hand over the discs to her Cuban contacts.

They used shortwave radios to listen in on security workers, and carried bulky electronic devices to deactivate security alarms.

In order to broadcast live, we had to have a telephone line leading from our mike to a shortwave transmitter.

It was mostly dedicated to shortwave radio, and featured the work of perhaps the nicheiest of niche journalists, Ken Boord.

During World War II, US government officials sought to discourage shortwave radio listening but stopped short of jamming enemy broadcasts.

Trying to camouflage reality didn't work in the shortwave radio era, and it sure doesn't work in the Twitter era.

The two spent hours listening to shortwave broadcasts, combing frequencies on a Zenith Transoceanic radio with a seven-foot telescoping antenna.

Of all the programs he's written, it's his shortwave radio propagation predictor that he's most proud of — and with good reason.

By contrast, Clemence Muitire, a cattle owner in Dzingire village, took heed of cyclone warnings broadcast on shortwave foreign radio channels.

SEOUL, South Korea — In an era of sophisticated spycraft, North Korea appears to be returning to the days of shortwave radio.

The device, a cheery attendant said, used shortwave diathermy to produce heat and treat a variety of gynecological and urological diseases.

"The shortwave audience has historically been in decline, but it's an important lifeline as a way to reach people," Angus said.

Some nights, he, my mother, and I listened to the shortwave signal of a Guatemalan radio station that broadcast marimba orchestras.

Many international broadcasters have cut back or eliminated their shortwave services in recent times, supplanted by satellite television transmissions and the internet.

Then when the last Canadian broadcast is sent over shortwave, the speaker breaks down crying when he says 'Thank you and goodbye.

In an interview with CNN Business, Angus said most people in the region don't normally use shortwave to listen to their programs.

Transmitting radio signals to other ham operators in the Caribbean, Resto and his shortwave brethren traded National Hurricane Center reports on Maria's position.

Shortwave radio bands are able travel long distances using very high frequencies, unlike traditional radio waves that need to travel in straight lines.

So he wooed her with a shortwave radio, and now his gang has taken over her boat, kidnapped her, possibly killed her entire family.

The radio messages, also known as numbers stations, work by broadcasting strings of seemingly random numbers over shortwave signals to an agent in the field.

The $60 CT100 model can also get shortwave radio, and it adds some rather anachronistic support for playing music off SD cards and USB drives.

For her latest documentary, Spectres of Shortwave, Moncton-born experimental artist and filmmaker Amanda Dawn Christie spent the last seven years exploring this otherworldly phenomenon.

They have expanded their use of platforms from encrypted live broadcasting to shortwave radio to push content into countries that jam or ban American programming.

This radiative forcing happens when contrails reflect incoming shortwave radiation back out to space, while trapping longwave infrared radiation on Earth, causing a warming effect.

If you tuned into just the right shortwave radio frequency in the 1970s, you might hear a creepy computerized voice reading out a string of numbers.

The Hub, a nondescript Kabul villa that serves as a coworking space, is decorated with an antique shortwave radio and handmade furniture made of Afghan wood.

"The bush structures that they build tend to handle earthquakes extremely well," Christian missionary Brandon Buser told Reuters after contacting several remote villages by shortwave radio.

But instead of blocking shortwave radiation from outer space, this technique aims to figuratively throw open a window in the skies for longwave radiation to escape Earth.

Lower thick clouds tend to reflect more sunlight (shortwave radiation) than they absorb heat (longwave radiation), leading to a cooling effect, but cirrus clouds do the opposite.

" If you have a shortwave radio you can listen in on the communications — or if you don't know Morse code, a mysterious symphony of "dits" and "dahs.

"One of the many projects that we're working on within Area 120 is Shortwave, which helps users discover and consume spoken-word audio in new ways," the spokesperson said.

But while I did talk to some monitors, my not being a real shortwave radio listener meant that I didn't have much to contribute to them or their groups.

With a shortwave infrared camera (the kind used in drones, Mr. Martin points out), you may see the artist's underdrawing — the genius's equivalent of a paint-by-number pattern.

He bought airtime on shortwave radio, and broadcast his theories out of an unused nursery in his house with "choo-choo" train wallpaper, Ms. Jones said in an interview.

London (CNN Business)As a communications blackout continues in Kashmir, the BBC is using one of the only ways to reach listeners in the Indian-controlled state: shortwave radio.

In July 1951, they were arrested as counter-revolutionaries, in part because they were being paid by the United States government as Fulbright scholars and possessed a shortwave radio.

More than once I found out about something happening just blocks from my hotel by hearing a dispatch from the BBC World Service on my pocket-size shortwave radio.

Image: US Air ForceLooking at the daily reports collected by the Slough station, Scott was able to document a series of frequent radio pulses over a range of shortwave frequencies.

Around the same time, shortwave radio allowed Americans to hear broadcasts from overseas, and some noticed that stations in other countries concluded their programs by playing their anthems, Clague said.

Supported by U.S. taxpayers, they strive to deliver timely and impartial news – local, national and international – via every conceivable medium, from shortwave radio to digital, depending on their audiences' needs.

Shortwave radio is very tightly regulated—stations are assigned frequencies, and they are meant to stick to them, so you don't get the BBC broadcasting over an ambulance channel, say.

Arthur Bonetti, 54, said that growing up in Brooklyn, he learned Esperanto partly by tuning his shortwave radio into Esperanto broadcasts from faraway places such as Havana, Moscow and Switzerland.

The three most vital: Bose noise-canceling headphones, a small shortwave radio and a seven-piece, four-weight fly rod that breaks down to fit in a tube under a foot long.

He used everything from shortwave radios and tapes to early drum machines in service of a sound that was raw, recombinant and woozy, even as Mr. Liebezeit pounded out a metronomic pulse.

They are higher frequency than traditional broadcast frequencies, but they're still below the frequency of visible light and far below ionizing radiation such as shortwave ultraviolet light, x-rays, and gamma rays.

South Korea jams most North Korean radio frequencies but Pyongyang-based Voice of Korea broadcasts on shortwave signals which can be picked up far beyond the Korean peninsula, and are difficult to jam.

North Korea stopped sending out such coded messages by shortwave radio after the Koreas held a summit meeting in 2000, agreeing to de-escalate the Cold War-era intrigue on the divided peninsula.

For example, sensors like NASA's MODIS and Landsat 8 use the shortwave infrared part of the spectrum to partially penetrate through smoke to see burned areas and still-active fires in Northern California.

"Transmission," a 54-second snippet from his 2014 album Mouth Silence, is creepy on its face, using a crackly sample of "Space Oddity" to break up the anxious readings of a shortwave radio numbers station.

She originally intended to depict the RCI shortwave site throughout four seasons, but when its demolition due to budget cuts was announced in 2012 (with the towers falling in 2014), this introduced a dramatic conclusion.

VOA said it was dismayed by the ban but that its content will continue to be available in Kirundi and Kinyarwanda via shortwave channels, on the Internet and on FM transmitters located in neighboring countries.

When I started out as a foreign correspondent 18 years ago, in Kenya, I carried a small satchel that held a tape recorder, a camera, an address book, a map and perhaps a shortwave radio.

The toll on Monday stood at 55 killed, said James Justin, a research officer at the Ministry of Petroleum and Energy in Port Moresby, as news of more deaths arrived in the capital by shortwave radio.

The British Broadcasting Corporation announced Wednesday it is ending its shortwave transmissions from Thailand after 20 years of operation, because it failed to reach agreement with Thailand's military government on a renewal of its operating permit.

The foreign tongues filtering into the east coast Canadian town with a population of less than 6,000, were actually due to shortwave transmissions, unintentionally picked up from 13 radio towers located in the saltwater Tantramar Marshes.

The F.B.I. closed his family's produce store for a day and a half, seized more than $400 in cash and checks — equivalent to more than $20193,600 today — and confiscated a Philco radio with a shortwave band.

It means harnessing the digital revolution by deploying "digital radio mondiale" (DRM) technology, which broadcasts not only sound, but also text and video with a shortwave signal that is as clear as a local FM signal.

The same shortwave radio broadcasts used to transmit coded messages to the East Coast "sleeper" agents arrested in 2010 and deported are back on the air, sending fresh codes to presumably a new set of agents.

Ham radio may have been the starting point for the DXing phenomenon, but there's a lot of other spectrum out there, and that spectrum—be it shortwave, AM, FM, UHF, or VHF—each has its enthusiasts. 1.

The suspects were found with a series of items, including lock picks, $100 bills with the serial numbers in sequence and a shortwave receiver that could pick up police calls, The Washington Post reported at the time.

Drawn to engineering from a young age, he built his own shortwave radios while in high school during World War II. After the war, he started a clock- and watch-repair business that moved into radio repair.

The Operational Land Imager (OLI) instrument on the Landsat 8 satellite watched the lava flow on the night of May 23, NASA officials said, and produced imagery of the event by acquiring shortwave infrared and green-light observations.

Some members recalled tuning in to the Voice of America on shortwave radio — despite government efforts to jam the signal — for the famous jazz broadcasts of Willis Conover, who introduced the music to Eastern bloc countries during the Cold War.

"Given the shutdown of digital services and phone lines in the region, it's right for us to try and increase the provision of news on our shortwave radio services," Jamie Angus, director of the BBC World Service, said in a statement.

A few hours after we conclude the interview and I leave the courthouse, he emails me with the subject line "Found the bug," informing me that he had figured out the error from when he was showing me his shortwave radio propagation program.

The $60 CT100 model (top) has shortwave radio bands as well, and the capability to play music from an SD card or USB drive, while the $70 CT200 has treble and bass dials and a VU meter for easier recording of cassette-based podcasts.

Unfortunately, many NASA Earth observation satellite missions with sensors sensitive to the shortwave infrared and beyond (EO-1, Terra, Aqua, Landsat 7) will be retired in the next five years, leaving us with less frequent imagery that is more likely to be obscured by clouds.

The problem was that very few Americans did hear Radio Moscow: It was available only on shortwave radio and on a handful of American stations — including WNYC in New York — reaching less than 2 percent of the adult population in the United States as of late 1966.

In the telephone interview from prison, arranged by the David House Agency, a crisis-management firm for Americans arrested abroad, Mr. Downs said he had taught himself Mandarin Chinese and Spanish, and is permitted periodic visits from relatives and a shortwave radio — though no internet access.

This was perhaps most apparent in Keith Rowe and Michael Pisaro's performance "Venerable Bede" (2016), a two-hour long concert combining found sounds from live shortwave radio broadcasts, amplified together with a technique for playing the electric guitar by laying it flat, developed decades earlier by Rowe.

For decades he commanded a battery of shortwave and FM radios, UHF and VHF receivers, tape recorders and other devices from a swivel chair in his Tel Aviv apartment, all to intercept and record foreign news broadcasts, secret satellite transmissions, confidential military messages and diplomatic conversations.

Google is developing an experimental podcast app called Shortwave My colleague Russell Brandom finds evidence of a new podcast app from Google: Nothing in the trademark filing specifies the kind of audio being accessed, but a Google representative said the focus of the app was on spoken word content.

Beginning with the hypnotic instrumental "You Are Here" and ending with the fragmented instumental-with-murmurs "Here You Are," it builds through five low-key songs to three six-minute instrumentals centered on the pulseless electronic "Shortwave," which reveals ionospheric subchatter when you turn the volume up, only why would you?

"Canteen Girl," which was broadcast to stateside soldiers and their families and transmitted by shortwave radio to the troops abroad, had been her idea; with all the confidence that a 26-year-old could muster, she had simply written a script and pitched the idea to some people at NBC whom she knew from her nascent New York acting career.

These global climate models seem particularly bad at predicting the stratocumulus clouds that hover over the ocean — and that's a big problem, they noted: As stratocumulus clouds cover 20% of the tropical oceans and critically affect the Earth's energy balance (they reflect 30–60% of the shortwave radiation incident on them back to space1), problems simulating their climate change response percolate into the global climate response.

Eventually, Czukay got bored with the bass or bored with Can or maybe bored with songs within the loose jazzy definition Can prescribed to that idea, and Rosko Gee from Traffic stepped in on bass and Czukay began playing the shortwave radio and making noise in the background like an Eno Roxy Music role, eventually leaving the group after 1978's album Saw Delight, a dad joke of a title amid many dad jokes Can and Czukay made.

Modern portable shortwave radio receiver with digital frequency display and keypad for direct frequency entry. A shortwave radio receiver is a radio receiver that can receive one or more shortwave bands, between 1.6 and 30 MHz. A shortwave radio receiver often receives other broadcast bands, such as FM radio, Longwave and Mediumwave. Shortwave radio receivers are often used by dedicated hobbyists called shortwave listeners.

See shortwave for the differences between shortwave, medium wave, and long wave spectra. Shortwave is used largely for national broadcasters, international propaganda, or religious broadcasting organizations.

At the time of its approval by the FCC, WRNO Worldwide was the first privately owned shortwave station that had been licensed in several years. Before Costello's efforts, there were only three non-governmental American shortwave broadcasters on the air; by the end of the decade, that number had increased to sixteen.National Association of Shortwave Broadcasters, Inc., shortwave.

Today, through the evolution of the Internet, the hobbyist can listen to shortwave signals via remotely controlled or web controlled shortwave receivers around the world, even without owning a shortwave radio. Many international broadcasters offer live streaming audio on their websites and a number have closed their shortwave service entirely, or severely curtailed it, in favour of internet transmission. Shortwave listeners, or SWLs, can obtain QSL cards from broadcasters, utility stations or amateur radio operators as trophies of the hobby. Some stations even give out special certificates, pennants, stickers and other tokens and promotional materials to shortwave listeners.

Shortwave (also known as High frequency (HF)) transmissions range from approximately 2.3 to 26.1 MHz, divided into 14 broadcast bands. Shortwave broadcasts generally use a narrow 5 kHz channel spacing. Shortwave is used by audio services intended to be heard at great distances from the transmitting station. The long range of shortwave broadcasts comes at the expense of lower audio fidelity.

While home built shortwave receivers had been used by amateur radio operators and radio experimenters prior to World War I, the first time shortwave radio reception was available to the general public was through the use of shortwave frequency converters sold as accessories to broadcast-band radio sets during the mid 1920s. Such converters were generally found unsatisfactory in performance, and so dedicated shortwave receiving sets soon appeared on the market. National Radio Company introduced the SW-2 "Thrill box" shortwave regenerative receiver in 1927, and later offered improved models, such as the highly regarded SW-3. Other notable early shortwave receivers included Pilot Radio's "Super Wasp" line of regenerative receivers. E.H. Scott Radio Laboratories offered its superheterodyne "World's Record" shortwave receiver kit in the late 1920s, and In 1931 Hammarlund introduced the "Comet Pro", the first fully assembled commercial shortwave superheterodyne receiver.shortwaveradio.

Hammarlund Comet Pro shortwave receiver, circa 1931. Zenith console radio receiver with shortwave bands, circa 1938. One of the first portable shortwave radio receivers: Zenith Model 7G605 Trans-Oceanic 'Clipper' circa 1942. Grundig Satellit 210 portable receiver, circa 1969–1971 featuring early solid state circuitry.

Radio Netherlands Worldwide used a shortwave station in Flevoland from 1985 to 2007. The shortwave transmissions were supplemented by an extensive network of partner stations.

Television broadcasts are received by satellite at Black Island, and transmitted by digital microwave to McMurdo. Also, for a time McMurdo also played host to one of the only two shortwave broadcast stations in Antarctica. The station—AFAN McMurdo—transmitted with a power of 1 kilowatt on the shortwave frequency of 6,012 kHz and became a target for shortwave radio listening hobbyists around the world because of its rarity. The station continued broadcasting on shortwave into the 1980s when it dropped shortwave while continuing FM transmission.

Shortwave communications began to grow rapidly in the 1920s. By 1928, more than half of long-distance communications had moved from transoceanic cables and longwave wireless services to shortwave, and the overall volume of transoceanic shortwave communications had vastly increased. Shortwave stations had cost and efficiency advantages over massive longwave wireless installations; however, some commercial longwave communications stations remained in use until the 1960s. Long-distance radio circuits also reduced the need for new cables, although the cables maintained their advantages of high security and a much more reliable and better-quality signal than shortwave.

See International broadcasting for details on the history and practice of broadcasting to foreign audiences. See List of shortwave radio broadcasters for a list of international and domestic shortwave radio broadcasters. See Shortwave relay station for the actual kinds of integrated technologies used to bring high power signals to listeners.

CFVP is the full-time shortwave rebroadcaster of CKMX in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. CFVP broadcasts at a power of 100 watts on 6.03 MHz in the 49m shortwave band.

Shortwave flux is a result of specular and diffuse reflection of incident shortwave radiation by the underlying surface. This shortwave radiation, as solar radiation, can have a profound impact on certain biophysical processes of vegetation, such as canopy photosynthesis and land surface energy budgets, by being absorbed into the soil and canopies. As it is the main energy source of most weather phenomena, the solar shortwave radiation is used extensively in numerical weather prediction.

Nauen is well known for the location of a transmission site. It was used from 1906 to 1945 for VLF and shortwave. After 1945 the installations were dismantled, but after 1955 the GDR started building up a shortwave transmission center at Nauen. Since 1997 four turnable shortwave transmission aerials have been sited there.

Holger Czukay, a student of Stockhausen, was one of the first to use shortwave in a rock music context. In 1975, German electronic music band Kraftwerk recorded a full length concept album around simulated radiowave and shortwave sounds, entitled Radio- Activity. The The's Radio Cineola monthly broadcasts drew heavily on shortwave radio sound.

Two and only one broadcasting technology couples all of the components of a traditional shortwave relay station into one unit: the ALLISS module. For persons totally unfamiliar with the concepts of how shortwave relay stations operate this design may be the most understandable. The ALLISS module is a fully rotatable antenna system for high power (typically 500 kW only) shortwave radio broadcasting—it essentially is a self contained shortwave relay station. Most of the world's shortwave relay stations do not use this technology, due to its cost (15m EUR per ALLISS module: Transmitter + Antenna + Automation equipment).

They are often used with a radio transmitter as part of a two-way radio link for shortwave radio or amateur radio communication, although they are also used for shortwave listening.

Radio Budapest in the late 1980s The Asia-Pacific Telecommunity estimates that there are approximately 600 million shortwave broadcast-radio receivers in use in 2002. WWCR claims that there are 1.5 billion shortwave receivers worldwide. Many hobbyists listen to shortwave broadcasters. In some cases, the goal is to hear as many stations from as many countries as possible (DXing); others listen to specialized shortwave utility, or "ute", transmissions such as maritime, naval, aviation, or military signals.

With the advent of satellite broadcasting, AFRTS has shifted its emphasis away from shortwave. Currently, the U.S. Navy provides the only shortwave single sideband shortwave AFN radio broadcasts via relay sites around the world to provide service to ships, including Diego Garcia, Guam, Naval Air Station Sigonella in Italy, Puerto Rico, Hawaii and others.

Shortwave trough with associated vorticity. A shortwave or shortwave trough is an embedded kink in the trough / ridge pattern. Its length scale is much smaller than that of longwaves, which are responsible for the largest scale (synoptic scale) weather systems. Shortwaves may be contained within or found ahead of longwaves and range from the mesoscale to the synoptic scale.

Pusztamonostor is a village in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county, in the Northern Great Plain region of central Hungary. Near Pusztamonostor, there is the Jászberény Shortwave Transmitter, the largest shortwave broadcasting station in Hungary.

The mineral may fluoresce yellowish longwave or shortwave ultraviolet light.

Grundig Satellit 400 solid-state, digital shortwave receiver, c. 1986 Shortwave radio is radio transmission using shortwave radio frequencies. There is no official definition of the band, but the range always includes all of the high frequency band (HF), which extends from 3–30 MHz (100 to 10 metres); above the medium frequency band (MF), to the bottom of the VHF band. Radio waves in the shortwave band can be reflected or refracted from a layer of electrically charged atoms in the atmosphere called the ionosphere.

Icom RC-9500 shortwave communications receiver Modern battery-operated portable shortwave radio receivers often called world radio or world band receivers are marketed primarily to those wishing to receive international broadcasts, and are offered in a range of compact "travel size" to smaller "pocket size" units. Shortwave receivers known as communications receivers are typically larger table top sets used in amateur radio, commercial, and military installations, and by serious hobbyists. They typically include features that enable increased sensitivity and selectivity. Radios for shortwave reception generally have higher performance than those intended for the local mediumwave, longwave or FM broadcast band, since dependable reception of shortwave signals requires a radio with increased sensitivity, selectivity, dynamic range and frequency stability.

Solid state components minimized frequency drift. Synchronous detection improved audio fidelity and stability. And miniaturization of components along with integrated circuits enabled the manufacture of small, portable shortwave receivers with adequate sensitivity to deliver satisfactory shortwave reception.

During the Cold War, the station was equipped with six Marconi BD272 250 kW shortwave transmitters. Much of the capacity was leased by the BBC to the Voice of America (VoA) in order to enhance the latter’s coverage in the Eastern bloc. It provided a stronger shortwave broadcast signal into the Eastern Bloc than any other western shortwave broadcast transmitter during the years of Soviet jamming.

Shortwave Receivers Past & Present: Communications Receivers 1942–1997. Universal Radio Research, Reynoldsburg (USA).

Bell 103 modulation is still in use today, in shortwave radio, amateur radio, and some commercial applications. Its low signalling speed and use of audio frequencies makes it suitable for noisy or unreliable narrowband links. For example, the CHU shortwave station in Ontario, Canada transmits a Bell 103-compatible digital time code every minute. Bell 103 modulation is also the standard for amateur packet radio in the HF (shortwave) bands.

ALLISS antenna as viewed underneath ALLISS is a fully rotatable antenna system for high power shortwave radio broadcasting in the 6 MHz to 26 MHz range. An ALLISS module is a self-contained shortwave relay station that is used for international broadcasting.

There was a shortwave transmitter at Ongar. See Marconi station and the Imperial Wireless Chain.

It is noted for its shortwave radio receivers and digital radio (HD and DAB) receivers.

His hobbies included electronics and shortwave radio. He played varsity tennis at Monticello High School.

Radio Dabanga (Arabic: راديو دبنقا) is a shortwave radio station which serves Sudan with daily reports on the latest political, economic and social information, including health issues and social programs such as Lost and Found. The shortwave radio has been broadcasting since December 1, 2008. Current broadcasts last for a total of one hour each day. While Radio Dabanga only broadcast on shortwave radio for the first few years, the station now has several channels.

Retrieved on March 25, 2011 In 2013, VOA ended foreign language transmissions on shortwave and medium wave to Albania, Georgia, Iran and Latin America; as well as English language broadcasts to the Middle East and Afghanistan. The movement was done due to budget cuts. On July 1, 2014, VOA cut most of its shortwave transmissions in English to Asia. Shortwave broadcasts in Azerbaijani, Bengali, Khmer, Kurdish, Lao, and Uzbek were dropped too.

Downward shortwave radiation is sensitive to solar zenith angle, cloud cover.L. Chen, G. Yan, T. Wang, H. Ren, J. Calbó, J. Zhao, R. McKenzie (2012), Estimation of surface shortwave radiation components under all sky conditions: Modeling and sensitivity analysis, Remote Sensing of Environment, 123: 457–469.

Hallicrafters SX-28 shortwave receiver analog tuning dial, circa 1944 Amateur radio operators also discovered that long-distance communication was possible on shortwave bands. Early long-distance services used surface wave propagation at very low frequencies, which are attenuated along the path at wavelengths shorter than 1,000 meters. Longer distances and higher frequencies using this method meant more signal loss. This, and the difficulties of generating and detecting higher frequencies, made discovery of shortwave propagation difficult for commercial services.

The station operated on various mediumwave and shortwave frequencies including 1611, 3910, 6205, 6225 and 12255 kHz.

World Christian Broadcasting is a non-profit Christian organization that operates international shortwave radio shortwave stations. The station's transmitters are in Alaska and the Indian Ocean, and all of its programs are produced at the company headquarters and broadcast operations center in Franklin, Tennessee, a suburb of Nashville.

Radio Mil Diez had the most powerful shortwave radio transmitter in Havana. It broadcast on the frequency 1010 kHz on longwave, with the call sign CMX. On shortwave it used a 32-metre band and the callsign COCX. It was the sole international broadcaster in Cuba at the time.

By December 2014, the number of transmitters and frequencies used by VOA had been greatly reduced. VOA still uses shortwave transmissions to cover some areas of Africa and Asia. Shortwave broadcasts still take place in these languages: Afaan Oromoo, Amharic, Bambara, Cantonese, Chinese, English, Indonesian, Korean and Swahili.

Federal shortwave broadcasting in Mexico goes back to at least 1934, when the Secretariat of Foreign Affairs (SRE) started XECR. It was discontinued in 1937 when the government of Lázaro Cárdenas began shortwave station XEXA through the Autonomous Department of Press and Publicity (, DAPP). XEXA continued into the 1940s.

Shortwave radio station, Woofferton The Woofferton transmitting station is owned and operated by Encompass Digital Media, as one of the BBC’s assets which were handed over as part of the privatization of World Service distribution and transmission in 1997. It is the last remaining UK shortwave broadcasting site, located at Woofferton, south of Ludlow, Shropshire, England. The large site spreads across into neighbouring Herefordshire. The station was originally built by the BBC during World War II to house additional shortwave (HF) broadcasting transmitters.

For listeners in remote areas of British Columbia and the Yukon Territory, CKWX rebroadcast on a 10 watt shortwave radio transmitter at 6080 kHz. The license for CKFX was deleted on June 8, 2007, after an extended silence.CRTC broadcasting decision 2007-171, deleting silent shortwave transmitter CKFX at licensee's request The CKFX call letters are now on an FM radio station in North Bay, Ontario. The shortwave service had been in operation since 1929 and had been inherited from CKFC.

RDP International ceased all shortwave transmissions on 1 June 2011. RTP main shortwave broadcasting centre, known as "CEOC - Centro Emissor de Onda Curta" (lit. SW transmitting centre) was located near Pegões, Portugal, has four 300 kW shortwave transmitters (1 TELEFUNKEN S 4005 and 3 THALES TSW 2300) and four 100 kW transmitters as backup, which served 6 transmitting antennas. Broadcasts to Venezuela and India/Middle East used only 100 kW because of technical limitations: antennas cannot handle powers above 100 kW.

Voice of Korea broadcasts on HF or shortwave radio frequencies, as well as on medium wave for broadcasts aimed at neighboring countries. Some frequencies are well out of the ITU-allocated shortwave broadcast bands, making them less susceptible to interference and less likely to be listenable on older receivers. Recently, it has increased the share of satellite broadcasting. Most of the broadcasts are transmitted from the Kujang shortwave transmitter site (five 200 kW transmitters), approximately 25 km from the city of Kujang.

Overview One of the dipole arrays The Jülich shortwave transmitter operated by Deutsche Telekom / T-Systems, was a part of the shortwave broadcasting facility at Jülich, Germany. In 1956 WDR broadcaster established the first shortwave transmitter near Mersch, and in subsequent years this site was expanded. On 1 September 1961 this site was handed over to the Deutsche Bundespost (German Federal Post) to establish the German foreign broadcasting service, "Deutsche Welle". In time 10 transmitters of 100 kilowatts were installed.

CRI broadcasts via shortwave radio, satellite and the Internet in English and numerous other languages (see below). There are also numerous AM and FM relays. Shortwave broadcasts in English are targeted at North America, South America, the Caribbean, Europe, Africa, Asia and the South Pacific. CRI maintains direct shortwave broadcasts to developed, media-rich countries in North America and Europe, even as major Western broadcasters (such as BBC World Service, Voice of America and Radio Netherlands) reduce or discontinue such broadcasts.

For a while, immigrant language services, such as those in Arabic and Kurdish, were additionally carried on shortwave.

A few countries are hanging on to it, but most have faced up to the fact that the glory days of shortwave have gone. Religious broadcasters will still use it because they are not too concerned with listening figures”. However Thomas Witherspoon, editor of shortwave news site SWLingPost.com wrote that : “shortwave remains the most accessible international communications medium that still provides listeners with the protection of complete anonymity”. According to Nigel Fry, head of Distribution for the BBC World Service Group, : “I still see a place for shortwave in the 21st century, especially for reaching areas of the world that are prone to natural disasters that destroy local broadcasting and Internet infrastructure”.

A shortwave broadband antenna is a radio antenna that can be used for transmission (and reception) of any shortwave radio band from among the greater part of the shortwave radio spectrum, without requiring any band-by- band adjustment of the antenna. Generally speaking, there is no difficulty in building an adequate receiving antenna; the challenge is designing an antenna which can be used for transmission without an adjustable impedance matching network. An ideal “broadband” shortwave antenna would work continuously across much of, if not all of, the shortwave spectrum with good radiation efficiency and minimal compromise of the radiation pattern. Most practical broadband antennas compromise on one of the above: Either they only work on a few relatively narrow slices of the HF radio spectrum, or they work across the complete spectrum, without gaps, but are inefficient radiators on some or all of the frequencies.

Wansel is the father of Grammy-nominated music producer and songwriter Pop Wansel, and a U.S Army Veteran of the Vietnam War era (Taiwan). Most recently he has authored a novel entitled Shortwave, published in 2011."Shortwave" page , Sage Words Publishing. Dexter Wansel is the brother of author Teri Woods.

Below that is a broadcast auxiliary service band, the 11 meter shortwave band, and the 12-meter amateur band.

Alstermo is the birthplace of the Swedish actress Siw Carlsson and Ulrika Bjorsne, a member of The Shortwave Set.

The Cuban numbers station "HM01" has been known to interfere with shortwave broadcaster Voice of Welt on 11530 kHz.

In 1997, the CRL, determining that the longwave time signal was more accurate when received, subject to less interference, and in wider use than the shortwave time signal, decided to construct a new longwave time station and gradually eliminate the shortwave broadcasts. The first official longwave station of JJY began broadcasting from Mount Otakadoya at 40 kHz on June 10, 1999, and the shortwave broadcasts finally ceased operation on March 31, 2001. On October 1, 2001, the 60 kHz longwave transmission from Mount Hagane began.

Shortwave bands are frequency allocations for use within the shortwave radio spectrum (the upper MF band and all of the HF band). They are the primary medium for applications such as maritime communications, international broadcasting and worldwide amateur radio activity because they take advantage of ionospheric skip propagation to send data around the world. The bands are conventionally stated in wavelength, measured in metres. Propagation behavior on the shortwave bands depends on the time of day, the season and the level of solar activity.

The monsoon trough spawned a tropical depression near Kwajalein on July 22. It headed northwestward, becoming a tropical storm on July 23 and a typhoon on July 24. A shortwave trough forced Bess southwestward where it remained a typhoon. It looped and stalled until another shortwave trough brought the typhoon to the northwest.

The shortwave transmitter was shut off on October 19, 2004. The medium wave transmitter was switched off in January 2012.

The shortwave antenna system consists of several masts arranged in a row which are interconnected by cables at various heights.

In 1923, KDKA began simulcasting its broadcasts on shortwave, and for a while used this as a link for transmitting its programs for rebroadcast by station KFHX in Hastings, Nebraska, as part of an unsuccessful experiment to use shortwave signals instead of telephone lines to establish network connections."Setting the Pace in Radio" by Jack Binns, Popular Science, July 1924, page 65. From 1923 to 1940, KDKA produced Northern Messenger, airing it over its shortwave radio sister station 8XS (later known as W8XK and WPIT). The program was broadcast over shortwave to the Far North during the winter months, when mail service was impossible, and consisted of personal messages to RCMP officers, missionaries, trappers, and others from family and friends, music, and news.

Che Guevara Broadcasting Radio Rebelde was part of the second phase of Castro and the rebels' propaganda campaign. Che Guevara set up a shortwave radio in the Sierra Maestra headquarters.CIA, Cuba: Castro's Propaganda Apparatus and Foreign Policy, by CIA, restricted report (July 2003), 4. The shortwave bypassed Eastern Cuba while reaching places like Venezuela.

Most people who have listened to shortwave are familiar with Radio Moscow, the main Soviet shortwave radio station. However, that's only part of the picture. Soviet radio also had Radio Station Peace and Progress, officially called the "Voice of Soviet Public Opinion". Most republics also had an external service, relayed by Radio Moscow's transmitters.

In 1937 what were possibly the world's first rotating shortwave transmission antennas were erected at Huizen, consisting of two wooden 60-metre high towers. They were demolished in 1940 by retreating Dutch troops during the German invasion of the Netherlands. A replica of the shortwave antennas today stands on a traffic roundabout in Huizen.

One of his trademarks was the use of shortwave radio sounds and his early pioneering of sampling, in those days involving the painstaking cutting and splicing of magnetic tapes. He would tape-record various sounds and snippets from shortwave and incorporate them into his compositions. He also used shortwave as a live, interactive musical instrument (such as on 1991's Radio Wave Surfer), a method of composition he termed "radio painting". Czukay also stated "If you want to make something new, you shouldn't think too far beyond one certain idea".

A Radio Moscow QSL card from 1969. International shortwave broadcasters have traditionally issued QSL cards to listeners to verify reception of programming, and also as a means of judging the size of their audiences, effective reception distances, and technical performance of their transmitters. QSL cards can also serve as publicity tools for the shortwave broadcaster, and sometimes the cards will include cultural information about the country. The High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program has occasionally requested reception information on its shortwave experiments, in return for which it sent back QSL cards.

Together, these facilities have given the BBC World Service an easily accessible signal in regions where shortwave listening has traditionally been popular. The English shortwave frequencies of 6.195 (49m band), 9.74 (31m band), 15.31/15.36 (19m band) and 17.76/17.79 (16m band) were widely known. On 25 March 2018, the long-established shortwave frequency of 9.74 MHz was changed to 9.9 MHz. The largest audiences are in English, Hindi, Urdu, Nepali, Bengali, Sinhala, Tamil, Marathi and other major languages of South Asia, where BBC broadcasters are household names.

A strengthening shortwave trough approaching from Missouri contributed to increasing wind fields and upper level diffluence in the near-storm environment.

Since the 1950s the HRS design has become more or less the standard for long distance (> 1000 km) high power shortwave broadcasting. Example of a simulated HRS antenna radiation pattern from a shortwave relay station in Canada. It consists of a main lobe with two major sidelobes. The sidelobes look curved because of the map projection.

WXME (780 AM) is a radio station located in Monticello, Maine, United States serving the Northern Maine market and broadcasts a news/talk and rock music format. The station is owned and operated by Allan Weiner, who also owns the shortwave station WBCQ. WXME's broadcast facilities are co-located with WBCQ shortwave and WBCQ-FM 94.7.

CFRX is the international shortwave relay of CFRB, a news/talk radio station in Toronto, Ontario. It transmits with a power of 1 kilowatt on 6.07 MHz in the 49-meter shortwave band. CFRX signed on the air on February 11, 1937, 10 years after CFRB began.History of CFRX-SW History of CFRX; retrieved August 2, 2018.

"Statement of S. D. Gregory, Assistant General Manager, Westinghouse Radio Stations", Construction and operation of radio-broadcasting station designed to promote friendly relations among the nations of the western hemisphere, May 1938, pages 115-116. In November 1942, Westinghouse's shortwave stations, along with all other U.S. shortwave stations, ended commercial operations and were leased to the Voice of America.

A Trans-Oceanic model Y600. Shown on the left is a modern shortwave radio for comparison. The Trans-Oceanic (abbreviated T/O) was the name given to a series of portable radios produced from 1942 to 1981 by Zenith Radio. They were characterised by their heavy-duty, high-quality construction and their performance as shortwave receivers.

High power mediumwave had been discontinued some time before that. A high power shortwave station was constructed during the 1970s and used for leased transmission of international broadcasters after SLBS could not afford to operate it. Television was broadcast on UHF, having replaced the earlier VHF system. During the war, the Waterloo shortwave station was completely destroyed and looted.

In the late 1920s, several Class A and Class B stations commenced shortwave broadcasting, simulcasting their AM programmes using experimental transmitters. Stations included 2FC, 2BL, 3AR, 3LO, 3UZ and 6WF. At the same time the PMG's Department established it experimental shortwave service VK3LR, while AWA commenced experimental transmissions using existing transmission sites (2ME, 3ME and 6ME).

On December 28, 1992, Mother Angelica launched a radio network, WEWN, which is carried by 215 stations, as well as on shortwave.

Composer Karlheinz Stockhausen Some musicians have been attracted to the unique aural characteristics of shortwave radio which – due to the nature of amplitude modulation, varying propagation conditions, and the presence of interference – generally has lower fidelity than local broadcasts (particularly via FM stations). Shortwave transmissions often have bursts of distortion, and "hollow" sounding loss of clarity at certain aural frequencies, altering the harmonics of natural sound and creating at times a strange "spacey" quality due to echoes and phase distortion. Evocations of shortwave reception distortions have been incorporated into rock and classical compositions, by means of delays or feedback loops, equalizers, or even playing shortwave radios as live instruments. Snippets of broadcasts have been mixed into electronic sound collages and live musical instruments, by means of analogue tape loops or digital samples.

Tartu Observatory has also laboratories for accurate radiometric calibration for near-UV to shortwave infrared radiation; vacuum-, vibration-, temperature, and electromagnetic compatibility testing.

The neighbor's older child listened to pop music on his shortwave radio; Miyazaki would listen as with him, particularly to programs like Billboard.

For example, ARQ is used on shortwave radio data links in the form of ARQ-E, or combined with multiplexing as ARQ-M.

KWWN is currently running at its normal power.KWWN Update from Shortwave Blogspot.KWWN, an interview with Bill Croghan. Originally, KWWN simulcast sister station KBAD.

The shortwave international broadcasts were heard worldwide via broadcast facilities in Bonaire (opened in 1969) and Madagascar (opened in 1972). The last transmission from the shortwave relay station in Bonaire ended at 1:57 GMT on June 30, 2012 "Farewell to RNW shortwave broadcasts from Bonaire", and the installations were dismantled later that year. In 2013, the government of Madagascar and Malagasy Global Business S.A. signed an agreement to operate the Madagascar relay station in Talata-Volonondry. Among its customers are NHK Radio Japan, BBC World Service, Deutsche Welle, Vatican Radio, Adventist World Radio and Free Press Unlimited.

In 1922 hundreds of North American amateurs were heard in Europe at 200 meters and at least 20 North American amateurs heard amateur signals from Europe. The first two way transatlantic shortwave radio contacts were completed by radio amateurs in November 1923, on 110 meters. Marconi initiated the first commercial shortwave transatlantic radio communication between the UK to Canada using his Beam Wireless Service which went into commercial operation on 25 October 1926. Shortwave radio vastly increased the speed and capacity of transatlantic communications at dramatically reduced cost compared to telegraph cable and long wave radio.

A well equipped shortwave radio receiver can receive CW and SSB modes in addition to the AM mode traditionally used by broadcasters. Some modern shortwave radio receivers can receive digital radio signals. Some receivers only tune within frequency bands allocated by international agreement. This may be necessary in some countries where restrictive laws prevent persons from listening to non-broadcast stations.

The camp was operation between 1930 and 1945. The commune was previously known as Tonnegrande-Montsinéry, but on 27 March 1969 the name was officially changed into Montsinéry-Tonnegrande. Montsinéry is home to a shortwave transmission facility operated by the TDF Group that is designed to target listeners in the Americas and West Africa. The site is capable of DRM digital shortwave transmissions.

International broadcasting was an important element in Nazi propaganda. Shortwave broadcasting from Nauen in Germany to the US, Central and South America, and the Far East began in 1926. A second station, Zeesen, was added in 1931.Wood 2000: 49 In January 1932, the German Reichspost assumed control of the Nauen station and added to its shortwave and longwave capacity.

Before Castro, Cuba had no international shortwave radio broadcast, but in 1961, Radio Havana was created. Radio Havana is broadcast in eight languages to countries in Europe, the Mediterranean, Africa and the Americas. The use of Radio Moscow's transmitters allow broadcast programs to reach Europe and the Mediterranean. Radio Havana's shortwave broadcasts are supplemented by medium wave broadcasts from La Voz de Cuba.

The CBC International Service became a reality with the signing of an Order-in-Council on September 18, 1942. RCI transmitter station outside Sackville, New Brunswick. Designed by CBC's chief architect D. G. McKinstry, the building opened in 1944 and was closed in 2012 when shortwave broadcasting ended. A portion of the large RCI shortwave antenna system is visible in the background.

After 40 years on the air, WYFR, Family Radio's shortwave station located in Okeechobee, Florida, ceased operations on July 1, 2013. In December 2013, Radio Miami International, purchased the shortwave transmission complex and began broadcasting from there. Harold Camping died from a fall on December 15, 2013, in his home in Alameda, California. His death was confirmed by an employee of the ministry.

World Of Radio debuted in 1980 on WUOT-FM in Knoxville, Tennessee, moving to shortwave two years later. The half-hour program consists of Hauser reading news about radio around the world in a characteristic monotone. Although World of Radio focuses on shortwave news, it covers all aspects of broadcasting. Most items are contributed by listeners to the program or DX publications.

As of June 30, 2013, due to budget cuts, the Persian service is no longer on shortwave. The Persian service is still available via satellite and on the web at the IBA World website, as well as the radis.org website. As of April 1, 2008, the only shortwave broadcasts which were left were 1.5 hours of Persian aimed at Iran.

The replacement service was named the BBC General Forces Programme and was also broadcast on shortwave on the frequencies of the BBC Overseas Service.

From 1927 to 1969 it was the location of the shortwave wireless transmitting complex operated by AWA as part of the Imperial Wireless Chain.

In 2017, the ABC concluded terrestrial international shortwave transmission with the closure of its sole remaining transmitter site at Shepparton. The action remains controversial.

Tenebrescence is accelerated by the use of longwave or, particularly, shortwave ultraviolet light. Much sodalite will also fluoresce a patchy orange under UV light.

A new shortwave broadcasting system consisting of four rotating towers and four 500 kilowatt transmitters was built by Thomcast Communications between 1995 and 1997.

A radio news channel that broadcasts on shortwave across the Middle East. Audiences all over the world can listen to a live stream online.

National Panasonic R3000 analog shortwave radio receiver, circa 1965. Several different types of modulation are used to incorporate information in a short- wave signal.

From 1988 to 2001, the paper sponsored the Radio Free America talk show which was heard on WWCR shortwave and on AM talk radio outlets.

"About KARS". Retrieved Oct. 30, 2008. KARS represents the interests of Kuwaiti amateur radio operators and shortwave listeners before Kuwaiti and international telecommunications regulatory authorities.

Former BBC shortwave transmitters are located in the United Kingdom at Rampisham, Woofferton and Skelton. The former BBC East Mediterranean Relay Station is in Cyprus.

Arts and Culture segments are normally by Gerwin Jones, a Canadian journalist. Most of the commentary viewpoint segments are by Juan Jacomino. The shortwave numbers station nicknamed "Atencion", or HM01, by independent shortwave listeners has been linked to RHC radio transmissions equipment. In numbers station transmissions, a series of random numbers are read out over the air in multiple languages, or in digital modes or morse code.

The main mast: FM, DAB+ & DVB-T The Wavre radio transmitter is a facility for mediumwave, shortwave, FM and TV broadcasting near Wavre in Belgium. For the mediumwave transmissions it uses a grounded 250-metre-high guyed mast. Furthermore, there is a backup mast for medium wave transmissions, which is 90 metres high. For shortwave broadcasting several directional antennas and a curtain antenna are used.

Initially it moved southeast during this period of strengthening as it approached Typhoon Dinah. As a shortwave trough in the Westerlies approached Ed, the cyclone turned north and moved away from Dinah. Ridging built in quickly behind the shortwave, and the cyclone turned west- northwest; a course it would maintain until landfall in mainland China. Strengthening continued, and Ed became an intense typhoon just south of Kyūshū.

Scandinavian Weekend Radio (SWR) is a shortwave and medium wave radio station in Virrat, Finland, established in 2000. It broadcasts for 24 hours on the first Saturday of every month and on Christmas Day. It is the only shortwave and medium wave radio station in Finland. The station is run by volunteers of which many are amateur radio operators, DXers and former pirate radio operators.

Transmission in which only one sideband is transmitted is called single-sideband modulation or SSB. SSB is the predominant voice mode on shortwave radio other than shortwave broadcasting. Since the sidebands are mirror images, which sideband is used is a matter of convention. In SSB, the carrier is suppressed, significantly reducing the electrical power (by up to 12dB) without affecting the information in the sideband.

Similar to the lake effect regime, thundersnow is usually witnessed in terrain in the cold sector of an extratropical cyclone when a shortwave aloft moves into the region. The shortwave will steepen the local lapse rates, allowing for a greater possibility of both heavy snow at elevations where it is near or below freezing, and occasionally thundersnow.National Weather Service Office, Sacramento, California. Alexander Tardy.

Since that type has a wide bandwidth than general broadcasts on shortwave, others near the broadcast aimed by that jamming are also hard to assure the clear transmission. North Korea jams South Korea's clandestine shortwave broadcast, Echo of Hope, and the South Korean international shortwave broadcasts of KBS World Radio on 5975 kHz (discontinued as of early 2007) and 7275 kHz. The South Korean national radio channel, KBS Radio 1 on 711 kHz medium-wave is also jammed by the North. Before the bilateral declaration in 2000, KBS Radio 1 used to deliver certain programmes (merged with then KBS Radio Social Education) which condemned the North Korean regime at midnight.

In 1995, E.R.A.C. introduced the UEK21 converter design which allowed anyone to have an inexpensive unit able to detect the hydrogen line. Together with a shortwave receiver to get the needed IF gain and frequency selection and a homemade parabolic antenna, it is possible for, say, a Young Scientist of the Year Project to build a radio telescope. Very soon, this unit was used in Europe also for SETI research as well for Project Argus from the SETI League. Listening to Jupiter with the shortwave receiver needed for 21 cm, it is also possible to remove the UEK21 converter and use only the shortwave receiver connected to a simple dipole.

RAE Argentina al Mundo (), previously known as Radiodifusión Argentina al Exterior or RAE, is Argentina's state-owned international broadcaster, which uses shortwave, satellite and the Internet.

Radio receivers were also confiscated, making it almost impossible for Japanese-Brazilians to listen to shortwave transmissions from Japan. Even bilingual newspapers were prohibited during this period.

Alfred William "Al" Edel (July 30, 1935 – July 3, 2005) was a veteran news broadcaster who anchored the newscast for the Voice of America on shortwave radio.

The USSR pioneered the use of HRS 8/8/1 antennas (horizontal dipole curtain, eight columns, eight rows, with electrically steerable pattern) for highly targeted shortwave broadcasting long before HRS 12/6/1 technology became available in the west. HRS 8/8/1 curtain arrays create a 10-degree beam of shortwave energy, and can provide a highly audible signal to a target area some 7,000 km away.

WWRB is a shortwave international broadcasting station known as both "World Wide Religious Broadcasting" and (to a lesser extent) "World Wide Radio Broadcasting" broadcasting from Morrison, Tennessee. It is a subsidiary of Airline Transport Communications Incorporated. The station features primarily Christian religious programming. WWRB is unusual among shortwave broadcast stations in that it does not utilize radio airtime brokers for selling airtime, instead preferring to directly rent time to clients.

The commission formulated new frequency allocations that went into effect on June 15, 1927; WRNY and WPCH had to share time on 920 kHz. The AM band radio transmitters used around New York City at this time were typically 500 or 1000 watts. To serve a larger area, station would also have a shortwave transmitter. In 1927, WRNY started the shortwave station 2XAL (later W2XAL) at 9700 kHz.

The United States Coast Guard maintains radio stations for communication between Coast Guard units, Coast Guard units and other government entities, and Coast Guard units and the general public. Most communications take place on the VHF marine bands. For long-range communications with aircraft, Coast Guard stations use shortwave single-sideband communications. Weather and safety of navigation forecasts involve facsimile as well as other modes over shortwave and mediumwave transmissions.

Since 1949 the Berlin- Britz transmitter has also been a shortwave transmission facility. A dipole aerial aligned in east-west direction was installed. A second shortwave broadcasting aerial in the form of a dipole with whole length was built in 1983. A cross dipole aerial for the medium wave frequency 990 kHz was built in 1978 to provide better coverage to the former East Germany for RIAS’ first channel.

A traditional shortwave relay station—depending on how many transmitters and antennas that it will have—may take up to two years to plan. After planning is completed, it may take up to five years to construct the relay station. The historically long design and planning cycle for shortwave relay stations ended in the 1990s. Many advanced software planning tools (not related to the relay station design proper) became available.

Radio Canada International (RCI) is the international broadcasting service of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC). Prior to 1970, RCI was known as the CBC International Service. The broadcasting service was also previously referred to as the Voice of Canada, broadcasting on shortwave from powerful transmitters in Sackville, New Brunswick. "In its heyday", said Radio World magazine, "Radio Canada International was one of the world's most listened-to international shortwave broadcasters".

Lafayette's products ranged from individual resistors, capacitors and components to stereos and two-way radios for amateur radio, CBers, and shortwave listeners. Many were dedicated types with special functions, such as VHF receivers for police and fire channels built into a CB radio. The company's best selling products were often shortwave receivers, parts, and portable radios. In the 1960s, many Lafayette brand radios were rebranded Trio-Kenwood sets.

Klipheuwel is a village of about 2,300 people situated north of Durbanville, in the Western Cape province of South Africa. In the 1920s it was the site of a shortwave transmitter constructed by the Marconi Company as part of the Imperial Wireless Chain.Beam Wireless - The Original Stations Shortwave Central, published 2010-11-30, accessed 2011,03-06 It remains today the site of the transmitter for the Cape Talk AM radio station.

On October 7, 1953, Jean Mill and her first husband Robert Sugden were both indicted for conspiracy to violate the immigration laws. The main government evidence was obtained by listening to the Sugdens' shortwave radio communications. The U.S. Government alleged that the Sugdens used shortwave radio broadcasts to warn their foremen to hide their illegal-alien workers. The Federal Communications Commission suspended the Sugdens' Radio Telephone Operating permit.

Fréquence 2 and La Première are planned to both be broadcast internationally, with the later now available by satellite,www.lematindabidjan.com: bientôt sur satelite! shortwave and cable in France.

Radio Belarus (Belarusian: Радыё "Беларусь") is the official international broadcasting station of Belarus. The station has ceased broadcasting on shortwave, mediumwave and longwave as of 1 April 2016.

Sweeting was educated at Aldenham School and the University of Surrey, completing a Bachelor of Science degree in 1974 followed by a PhD in 1979 on shortwave antennas.

Transradio Press Service was founded by Herbert Moore in 1934. Its mission was to supply news to radio stations by teleprinter and shortwave. The service folded in 1951.

In 1948, Arne, then a young engineer at Radio Sweden, founded Sweden Calling DXers as a way of keeping listeners in touch with news in the world of international radio. Shortwave came into its own during the Second World War, and after the war shortwave listening became a popular hobby. But hobbyists needed access to the latest news, and Arne felt the best place for them to find out was on a shortwave station. Many hobbyists say they remember Arne presenting Sweden Calling DXers, which is curious since he never did. Arne wrote the scripts, which were read by colleagues, first by the English Service, and then in all of Radio Sweden’s languages, except, ironically, Swedish.

Radio amateurs carried out the first shortwave transmissions over a long distance before Guglielmo Marconi. The name "shortwave" originated during the beginning of radio in the early 20th century, when the radio spectrum was divided into long wave (LW), medium wave (MW), and short wave (SW) bands based on the wavelength of the radio waves. Shortwave radio received its name because the wavelengths in this band are shorter than 200 m (1,500 kHz) which marked the original upper limit of the medium frequency band first used for radio communications. The broadcast medium wave band now extends above the 200 m / 1,500 kHz limit. Early long-distance radio telegraphy used long waves, below 300 kilohertz (kHz).

Voice of Turkey () is the international service of Turkish state radio on shortwave, Turksat 3A satellite and the Internet. All the broadcasts are transmitted from single site near Emirler ().

Also in the 1920s the ionospheric skip or skywave phenomenon was discovered, which allowed lower power vacuum tube transmitters operating in the shortwave bands to communicate at long distances.

A second shortwave trough brought the remnants of Allison southward into Alabama. It turned to the northwest, and the remnants of Allison became unidentifiable over Arkansas on July 7.

DRM timestamps received via shortwave (or multiple hop mediumwave) can be up to 200 ms off due to path delay. The time stamp format for this technology is BCD.

Commercial shortwave-infrared cameras based upon compressed sensing are available. These cameras have light sensitivity from 0.9 µm to 1.7 µm, which are wavelengths invisible to the human eye.

KCBS broadcasts from 5 am to 3 am via a network of mediumwave and shortwave transmitters that cover the nation. The powerful transmissions can easily be heard in neighbouring countries, including South Korea where some of its frequencies are jammed. It is also relayed at certain times via the Voice of Korea, the North Korea international shortwave service. Its interval signal is identical to that of Korean Central Television and Voice of Korea.

Krasny Bor transmitter is a large facility for longwave, mediumwave and shortwave broadcasting at Krasny Bor near Saint Petersburg, Russia. Krasny Bor transmitter was established in 1961 and belongs to the most powerful broadcasting stations in the world. It uses four mast radiators and several shortwave antennas. The tallest of these mast radiators is a 271.5 metres high guyed mast, which is equipped with a cage antenna and used for longwave broadcasting.

XEUS-AM 850 signed on October 8, 1962, as the first broadcasting station of the Universidad de Sonora. It was joined in 1963 by XEUDS on shortwave and in 1965 by a TV station, XHUS-TV channel 8. In 2002, Radio Universidad expanded into a statewide network with the inauguration of four FM radio stations, including the new XHUSH-FM 107.5 in Hermosillo. The AM station was later discontinued, as was the shortwave service.

The IEEE Book series "The History of International Broadcasting" (Volume I) describes mobile shortwave relay stations used by the German propaganda ministry during WWII, to avoid them being located by radio direction finding and bombed by the Allies. They consisted of a generator truck, transmitter truck and an antenna truck, and are thought to have had a radiated power of about 50 kW. Radio Industry Zagreb (RIZ Transmitters) currently produces mobile shortwave transmitters.

Radio Vlaanderen Internationaal (Dutch for "Flanders International Radio"), was the international broadcasting service of Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroep (VRT), the public broadcaster of the Flemish community in Belgium. RVi broadcast on cable FM and DAB in Flanders, mediumwave and satellite radio in Europe, and worldwide on shortwave. It was also available in North America FTA on AMC 4 satellite through the Home2US platform alongside BVN Netherlands. Shortwave and other services ended on December 31, 2011.

Beginning in 1960, UN Radio started transmitting its own programmes via short-wave transmissions. UN Radio initially leased shortwave transmitters from France, Switzerland, Italy and the United States. In 1963, transmission facilities were obtained with considerably greater reach and effectiveness and were able to reach Africa, Europe, Latin America, the Middle East and parts of South East Asia. Shortwave broadcasts were temporarily suspended in 1986 due to the sudden rise of transmission charges.

A recent government crackdown now means Ireland has one of the most hardline anti-pirate policies in Europe , and few major stations survive. Stations nowadays are usually FM-based. In the 1980s however, most major stations broadcast on both MW and FM. There have also been several shortwave pirate stations in Ireland, but pirate shortwave broadcasting has declined greatly, as with SW broadcasting in general. The early pioneering pirates were usually MW only.

Today Franklin is best known for the Franklin beam aerial, his shortwave antenna. From the Marconi company's Poldhu station in 1923 and 1924, he sent shortwave transmissions to Guglielmo Marconi on his yacht Electra in the South Atlantic. Franklin was also active in early television development. In 1935 the trustees leased part of Alexandra Palace to the BBC, which used it as the production and transmission center for their new BBC Television Service.

The Shortwave Set were a British alternative pop band whose debut album, The Debt Collection, was released in 2005 on Independiente Records. The band's music combines sample-based music with more traditional songwriting and instrumentation to create a sound the group have described as "Victorian Funk".The Shortwave Set - The Debt Collection - Review - Stylus Magazine The band's second album, Replica Sun Machine, was released on 12 May 2008 by Wall of Sound.

A shortwave listener coalition formed to oppose the change. The BBC broadcasts to Central America and South America in several languages. It is possible to receive the Western African shortwave radio broadcasts from eastern North America, but the BBC does not guarantee reception in this area. It has ended its specialist programming to the Falkland Islands but continues to provide a stream of World Service programming to the Falkland Islands Radio Service.

Shortwave (1.6 to 30 MHz) diathermy can be used as a therapeutic technique for its analgesic effect and deep muscle relaxation, but has largely been replaced by ultrasound. Temperatures in muscles can increase by 4–6 °C, and subcutaneous fat by 15 °C. The FCC has restricted the frequencies allowed for medical treatment, and most machines in the US use 27.12 MHz. Shortwave diathermy can be applied in either continuous or pulsed mode.

Amateur Shortwave Radio is a live album by Over the Rhine, released in 1999, compiled by Linford Detweiler to mark the 10th anniversary of the band's first recordings in 1989.

The Debt Collection is the debut album by The Shortwave Set, released in July 2005 on Independiente Records. The album encompasses what the band described as their "Victorian Funk" period.

Buguena was succeeded as the show's presenter by Sergio Acosta from 2010 until the show ended in June 2012 due to the closure of Radio Netherlands as a shortwave service.

National HRO receiver, c. 1938 The original National HRO was a 9-tube HF (shortwave) general coverage communications receiver manufactured by the National Radio Company of Malden, Massachusetts, United States.

Shortwave services from the Australian Broadcasting Corporation were inaugurated in December 1939 by Prime Minister Robert Menzies.Ahern, Steve. Making Radio: A Practical Guide to Working in Radio . 2000, Allen & Unwin.

Extratropical cyclones form as waves along weather fronts due to a passing by shortwave aloft or upper level jet streak before occluding later in their life cycle as cold-core cyclones.

FluxNet, the neural network version of Streamer, calculates upwelling and downwelling surface flux in either shortwave or longwave. It is less flexible than Streamer but is two to four times faster.

It was built in 1946 and first used for mediumwave broadcasting, but is today used for TV-broadcasting. Nearby there is also the shortwave transmitter of RMC with several dipole walls.

Historically, some entire telephone exchanges in remote communities were reachable from the outside world only by shortwave radio. The initial international calls to the Dominion of Newfoundland were made on January 10, 1939 on a Canadian Marconi Company shortwave link through Montréal and required operator assistance even after local calls within St. John's switched to dial in 1948. A similar shortwave radio link joined St. John's to London UK, operated manually. While the original 86 area codes (created in 1947) provided a routing code for operators to dial Montréal (514) or Halifax (902) directly, the operator would have had to ask a Canadian operator to attempt to reach Newfoundland by radio until some time after the April Fools' Day 1949 confederation with Canada.

Through to the 1950s balanced transmission lines of 300 Ohms or more were more-or-less standard for all shortwave transmitters and antennas, even by amateurs. Most shortwave broadcasters continue to use high-impedance feeds even after automatic impedance matching has become commonly available. The most commonly used shortwave antennas for international broadcasting are the HRS antenna (curtain array), which covers a 2 to 1 frequency range, and the log-periodic antenna, which can cover up to an 8 to 1 frequency range. Within the design range, the antenna SWR will vary, but these designs usually keep the SWR below 1.7 to 1 – easily within the range of SWR that can be tuned by built-in automatic antenna matching in many modern transmitters.

Therefore, short waves directed at an angle into the sky can be reflected back to Earth at great distances, beyond the horizon. This is called skywave or "skip" propagation. Thus shortwave radio can be used for very long distance communication, in contrast to radio waves of higher frequency which travel in straight lines (line-of-sight propagation) and are limited by the visual horizon, about 64 km (40 miles). Shortwave radio is used for broadcasting of voice and music to shortwave listeners over very large areas; sometimes entire continents or beyond. Other uses include military over-the-horizon radar, diplomatic communication, amateur radio enthusiasts’ two-way international communication for hobby, education, and emergency service, as well as for long-distance aviation and marine communications.

Modern shortwave radio receivers are relatively inexpensive and easily accessible, and many hobbyists use portable "world band" receivers and built-in telescopic antennas. Serious hobbyists may use communications receivers and outdoor antenna located away from electrical noise sources, such as a dipole made from wire and insulators. The typical shortwave radio receiver design is a superheterodyne receiver. Software- defined radios replace one or more stages of a superheterodyne receiver with digital signal processing for filtering, demodulation or other processing.

In 1948, services expanded to 18 languages. Because of space purposes, the Holy See acquired a 400-hectare area located 18 kilometres north of Rome at Santa Maria di Galeria (GC: ). The Italian Republic granted the site extraterritorial status in 1952. In 1957, a new broadcasting center was placed into operation, with a Philips 100 kW shortwave transmitter, two 10 kW shortwave transmitters, and one 120 kW mediumwave transmitter, with 21 directional and one omnidirectional antenna.

Also the vice-chef of Radiocommunication in Bieszczady 40 Operation Staff in 1977 and the chef of Radiocommunication in 1978, co-organizer of backstage-defensive manoeuvrings (e. g. VI and XI Central Backstage-Defensive Manoeuvrings of ZHP and also banner manoeuvrings) and co-organizer of shortwave contests, including Contests called Służbowa Łączność Radiowa (en. Official Radiocommunication). Organizer of Radioamateur Shortwave clubs in detachments of Capital Banner like Scouts Amateur Club Station SP5ZIP, Commandant of Capital Banner's training capms.

Voice of Indonesia - Vision and Mission Although shortwave broadcasting is the main core to deliver its product, VOI also operates a web site. Within the web site, audience may find written news in 11 different languages, as well as live streaming radio service which is started on 1 April 2008. However, the streaming service is not as fully functioned as the shortwave broadcasting. But since 2010 audio and video streaming is fully functioned as additional medium of broadcast.

Also in 2001, Ana Belén Montes, a senior US Defense Intelligence Agency analyst, was arrested and charged with espionage. The federal prosecutors alleged that Montes was able to communicate with the Cuban Intelligence Directorate through encoded messages, with instructions being received through "encrypted shortwave transmissions from Cuba". In 2006, Carlos Alvarez and his wife, Elsa, were arrested and charged with espionage. The U.S. District Court Florida stated that "defendants would receive assignments via shortwave radio transmissions".

Radio jamming is achieved by transmitting radio signals on the same frequency as the intended target. The government of the People's Republic of China disrupts shortwave radio communications through this method, typically by broadcasting music, drumming, or other noise.Doug Mellgren, 'Tibet exile radio says China jamming it', Associated Press, 2 April 2008. On shortwave, the jamming sound is composed of Chinese folk music, specifically a composition known as The Firedrake, running about one hour in duration.

Shortwave radiation emitted from the Sun have wavelengths in the visible spectrum of light that range from 360 nm (violet) to 750 nm (red). When the Sun's radiation reaches the sea surface, the shortwave radiation is attenuated by the water, and the intensity of light decreases exponentially with water depth. The intensity of light at depth can be calculated using the Beer-Lambert Law. In clear mid- ocean waters, visible light is absorbed most strongly at the longest wavelengths.

In a capped environment, the lift generated by a shortwave may cool the inversion layer as a result of the rapid expansion of the air (adiabatic cooling), allowing for deep, moist convection.

While most of the mid to upper level moisture associated with the storm got pulled inland by a shortwave trough, the low level center dissipated in the northern Gulf on August 27.

Shortwave WDM uses vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) transceivers with four wavelengths in the 846 to 953 nm range over single OM5 fiber, or 2-fiber connectivity for OM3/OM4 fiber.

Its MW programme was rebroadcast by GamTel, (formerly Cable & Wireless at facilities in Abuko), on shortwave reaching more than 1500 listeners around the world, from an idea by a Swedish Radio Club.

The use of the SINPO code can be subjective and may vary from person to person. Not all shortwave listeners are conversant with the SINPO code and prefer using plain language instead.

A high power shortwave station also existed at Waterloo, but was mostly leased to international broadcasters. It was destroyed during the civil war. Television is broadcast in analogue on the UHF band.

The PMG commenced a permanent international shortwave service "Australia Calling" using the former experimental transmitting system of VK3LR in the late 1930s. The facility was expanded and eventually was renamed "Radio Australia".

Her husband, Paul White, was the first director of CBS News, and he directed research for Our Secret Weapon.McAleer, John, Rex Stout: A Biography . Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1977 CBS had begun a shortwave listening program in September 1939, on an experimental basis, at the National Lawn Tennis Championships at West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills, New York. Engineers installed equipment at the CBS booth when the location was found to have good reception, and monitors relayed European shortwave news to CBS headquarters in New York between tennis matches. Throughout World War II, CBS captured Allied and enemy shortwave communications from more than 60 international stations via secretly located receivers."24,000,000 'Stolen' Words Go to Library of Congress." The Christian Science Monitor, September 4, 1945 By the time Our Secret Weapon went on the air in 1942, the CBS shortwave listening station directed by John W. (Jack) Gerber employed 11 linguists monitoring Axis broadcasts 19 hours a day. "We wondered if they'd tell enough lies in a week to keep the program interesting," Gerber told Time magazine.

Far East Broadcasting Company is an international Christian radio network.The Triumph of the Far East Broadcasting Co. From 1960 to 1994, FEBC owned and operated shortwave radio station KGEI in San Francisco, California.

Sources disagree about fluorescence. Webmin describes the mineral as non-fluorescent, Dana categorises it as weakly fluorescent and Mindat states that it is fluorescent dull yellow under both longwave and shortwave ultraviolet light.

A similar "jet plane-like" effect occurs naturally in long distance shortwave radio music broadcasts. In this case the varying delays are caused by varying radio wave propagation times and multipath radio interference.

More showers were centered near the occluded low. Between 12:00 UTC on September 13 and 00:00 UTC on September 14, a shortwave trough rotated throughout the area of the occluded front.

Eventually Allan Weiner did secure a shortwave broadcasting license of his own and today Radio Newyork International is one of many programs heard on Sunday evenings over WBCQ located in Monticello, Maine, USA.

However it was later discovered that he had gone into hiding voluntarily. On 15 November 2014, the radio suspended its shortwave transmission services and claimed the Sarawak state government has jammed its service.

San Francisco media, such as the San Francisco Examiner, monitored communications that Jones made from Jonestown back to Geary Boulevard via shortwave radio.Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev.

SX-28 Super Skyrider receiver The Hallicrafters SX-28 "Super Skyrider" was an American shortwave communications receiver produced between 1940 and 1946 that saw wide use by amateur radio, government and military services.

On October 15, 1927, Walter Lemmon, a radio inventor, was granted the first shortwave radio license in the United States and began experimental shortwave station W1XAL in Boston, Massachusetts. In 1935, the station began transmitting non-commercial, educational, and cultural programs. Supported by charitable institutions it was a not run for profit. Four days after Britain and France declared war on Germany, on September 7, 1939, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) assigned call letters WRUL (for World Radio University Listeners) to the station.

History of Radio Netherlands In 1927, Marconi also turned his attention toward long distance broadcasting on shortwave. His first such broadcasts took place to commemorate Armistice Day in the same year. He continued running a regular international broadcast that was picked up around the world, with programming from the 2LO station, then run by the BBC. The success of this operation caught the BBC's attention, and rented out a shortwave transmitting station in Chelmsford, with the callsign G5SW, to Marconi.

Radyo Pilipinas [Worldwide] (DZRP) is the network's official external radio station broadcasting on both shortwave and internet streaming, which caters to the Overseas Filipino Workers and Filipino communities around the world. The station operates daily from 11:30 PM to 12:00 NN PST (15:30–04:00 UTC). RP Worldwide's main programming consists of 2–3 hours of broadcast in Filipino and English languages, and is transmitted via shortwave through the facilities of Voice of America in Tinang, Tarlac.

ALLISS allows a broadcaster to change the following shortwave transmission parameters at any time: direction (azimuths from 0 to 360 degrees, rate: ~1 deg / 6 sec), broadcast frequency, and antenna configuration (i.e.: HR 4/4/1 -> HR 6/4/1). All of these transmission mode changes can take effect in as little as 5 minutes. This flexibility can allow a broadcaster to redirect the entire shortwave transmission network to a strategically important target area in as little as 15 minutes.

The Sackville facility was computerized in a main control room. Frequencies, antennas and input feeds were switched in accordance with internationally agreed-on schedules which were renegotiated twice per year. At the time shortwave broadcasting ceased in 2012, there were nine transmitters in operation: three 100 kW, three 250 kW and three 300 kW. Although the site was capable of using 500 kW transmitters, the end of the Cold War and improved shortwave-frequency coordination made an upgrade to 500 kW unnecessary.

As it sped to the northeast, a westerly shortwave progressed eastward, enhancing environmental conditions. As a result, the tropical storm began to quickly strengthen. By 1200 UTC on September 25, Frieda attained hurricane strength, and reached peak intensity with winds of and a minimum pressure of 992 mbar (hPa; 29.30 inHg), as reported by the Canadian merchant ship Irvingbrook. However, a cold front associated with the shortwave encountered the hurricane, which caused it to transition into an extratropical cyclone on September 26\.

REE is considered to be Spain's equivalent to the BBC World Service, Deutsche Welle and Radio Canada International. REE ceased shortwave broadcasts on 15 October 2014; however, two months later it was announced they would resume shortwave broadcasts in Spanish for four hours a day, as well as coverage of sporting events, in order to serve the country's fishing industry whose ships had no other viable means to access REE broadcasts while at sea. REE transmission originate from the Noblejas transmission site.

Renken was in fact Major Nickolaus Ritter of the Abwehr. After the threats to his family, his life, and his citizenship, Sebold agreed to cooperate with the Nazis. He was then sent to a seven-week training program in Hamburg, Germany, where he learned to operate a clandestine shortwave radio, which he would set up when he returned to the United States. Ritter gave Sebold final instructions before he left for the United States, including shortwave radio codes and the use of microphotographs.

TV is also used to broadcast the radio service, with local cable and satellite operators providing the English network (and occasionally some local language services) free to air. The English service is also available on digital radio in the UK and Europe. Traditionally, the Service relied on shortwave broadcasts, because of their ability to overcome barriers of censorship, distance, and spectrum scarcity. The BBC has maintained a worldwide network of shortwave relay stations since the 1940s, mainly in former British colonies.

As PBS made a rebranding of its flagship network Radyo ng Bayan and station DZSR into Radyo Pilipinas by 2017, the shortwave station remains unchanged but added "Worldwide" to its name to avert confusion.

One Low Band antenna exists for Tropical Band broadcasting. It takes up the entire back side of the ALLISS module. This Low Band antenna counterbalances the primary transmission antennas used in traditional shortwave broadcasting.

33, ALMG Local Evangelical Protestants operate a radio station known as Radio Coatán, or sometimes as Radio Cultural Coatán. The station broadcasts on shortwave and can sometimes be heard in North America and Europe.

The previously beneficial shortwave trough bypassed the typhoon on September 8 and allowed for increased wind shear from an anticyclone to the west to impact Fran. This resulted in slow weakening of the storm.

In 2004, American chemist Lester Andrews synthesised thallium hydride for the first time. This reaction sequence consisted of atomisation of thallium, followed by cryogenic co-deposition with hydrogen, and concluded with shortwave ultraviolet irradiation.

It also airs programs globally through satellite. Radio Puntland broadcasts internationally via shortwave, with its transmission reaching as far as Finland. Its standard programming includes general news, focusing on regional developments, sports and entertainment.

A station at Tetney, Lincolnshire, England, constructed as part of the Imperial Wireless Chain linking the nations of the British Empire, established shortwave communications with Australia in April 1927 and India in September 1927.

His voice is heard on the telephone by dialling +1 613 745 9426 and the CHU shortwave radio time service of the National Research Council of Canada (NRC/CNRC), announcing the time in French.

Similarly, shortwave utility listeners have documented frequency and callsign lists for many nations' military and guard units, as well as networks operated by oil exploration and production companies and public utilities in many countries.

Paris-Mondial (later known as Voice of France) was a French-government-owned shortwave external service radio station that began broadcasting in 1937. After the fall of France, it continued broadcasting a domestic-only program.

For the Dutch shortwave radio station see PCJJ Petroleum Corporation of Jamaica (PCJ) is a petroleum company owned by the government of Jamaica. The PCJ has the exclusive right to explore for oil in Jamaica.

Broadcasting House, one of the main buildings at NRK headquarters at Marienlyst, Oslo NRK's international radio transmissions, known as Utenlandssendingen, began shortwave transmission in 1948. Initially broadcasting in Norwegian, English-language programs were added later.

Hauser is a USAF veteran, a political liberal and an agnostic, which occasionally puts him at odds with the fundamentalist- dominated American shortwave scene which carries World of Radio at no cost to Mr. Hauser.

KTBN (formerly known as KUSW) was the shortwave radio outlet of the Trinity Broadcasting Network, a large religious international broadcaster. The station's programming was a simulcast of the audio portion of the TBN television service.

Now based in the United Kingdom, Radio Biafra transmits via the internet and shortwave broadcast targeted to the Eastern Nigeria. Radio Biafra claims to be broadcasting the ideology of Biafra –"Freedom of the Biafran people".

One SWAM member, Flavius Jankauskas of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania was only 16 years old when he sent his letter to Spahr's family. The next year he joined the war effort by enlisting in the United States Merchant Marine. On meeting Jankauskas, Spahr reports that he remains a ham radio enthusiast holding the callsign K3JA, and still listens to shortwave broadcasts as a hobby. They developed a close friendship, culminating with Jankauskas presenting Spahr with the shortwave radio receiver he used during the war as a gift.

Earth Energy budget. OLR is a critical component of the Earth's energy budget, and represents the total radiation going to space emitted by the atmosphere. OLR contributes to the net all-wave radiation for a surface which is equal to the sum of shortwave and long-wave down-welling radiation minus the sum of shortwave and long-wave up-welling radiation. The net all-wave radiation balance is dominated by long-wave radiation during the night and during most times of the year in the polar regions.

There are now a number of publications, either daily, such as La Gazette des Comores, or weekly, such as L'Archipel, an independent weekly which began publishing in 1988 and now appears intermittently. Al Balad, a daily published by CGH, is now defunct. A news agency, Agence Comores Presse, is based in Moroni. In addition to national broadcasts on FM in Comorian, Swahili and French, Radio Comoros in 1993 broadcast internationally on the shortwave band in Swahili, Arabic, and French, but shortwave services have now been suspended.

They are only insulated toward the mast. However the guys of the lowest level are divided by one intermediate insulator electrically in two parts. Until October 19, 2004 there was a shortwave transmitter on the site of the Bodenseesender, which was used to transmit the program of SWR 3 on 7265 kHz. For the shortwave transmitter, there was a small cage aerial at 48°1′24″N and 9°7′11″E and a dipole aerial at 48°1′29″N and 9°7′5″E.

Kol Israel (Israel's public service broadcaster) has long maintained daily short news and features programming in many Jewish languages and dialects. For domestic audiences, it broadcast in Iraqi Jewish Arabic (Yahudi) on its Arabic network. While producing: Yiddish, Ladino, Moroccan Jewish Arabic (Mughrabi or Marocayit), Bukharian (Central Asian dialect) and Judeo-Tat for both to domestic and overseas shortwave audiences in relevant areas. In addition, for over two decades from the late 1970s a daily 30 minute shortwave transmission was made to Yemen in Yemenite Jewish Arabic.

WWV is a shortwave (also known as "high frequency" or HF) radio station, located near Fort Collins, Colorado. It is best known for its continuous time signal broadcasts begun in 1945, and is also used to establish official United States government frequency standards, with transmitters operating on 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 MHz.Transmissions at 25 MHz were last conducted in 2014 on an experimental basis. They were discontinued due to Solar flux levels dropping below that needed for propagation at upper HF/shortwave frequencies.

Franklin went on to refine the directional transmission by inventing the curtain array aerial system. In July 1924, Marconi entered into contracts with the British General Post Office (GPO) to install high- speed shortwave telegraphy circuits from London to Australia, India, South Africa and Canada as the main element of the Imperial Wireless Chain. The UK- to-Canada shortwave "Beam Wireless Service" went into commercial operation on 25 October 1926. Beam Wireless Services from the UK to Australia, South Africa and India went into service in 1927.

Radio Rossii is the primary public radio station in Russia. Digital radio broadcasting is developing fast with the Voice of Russia announced on 1 July 2004, the successful implementation, and planned expansion, of its DRM broadcasts on short-wave and medium-wave. In September 2009, the Russian State Commission for Radio Frequencies, the national regulator of broadcasting, has decided on the DRM has the standard for mediumwave and shortwave services. Radios: 61.5 million (1998) Radio broadcasting stations: AM 420, FM 447, shortwave 56 (1998).

Nevertheless, massive building programs are initiated, and hundreds of spaceships are raised, many of them unfit for flight. A series of national lotteries are established with grand prize being a ticket to ride a spaceship off the Earth, and possibly make it as far as Mars. Many spaceships, however, were built without landing gear. Although many ships were supposed to have shortwave radios to communicate with each other, many of the shortwave radios were simply empty cases as the tubes and wires had been left out.

BBC World Service programming also airs as part of CBC Radio One's CBC Radio Overnight schedule in Canada. BBC shortwave broadcasts to this region were traditionally enhanced by the Atlantic Relay Station and the Caribbean Relay Company, a station in Antigua run jointly with Deutsche Welle. In addition, an exchange agreement with Radio Canada International gave access to their station in New Brunswick. However, "changing listening habits" led the World Service to end shortwave radio transmission directed to North America and Australasia on 1 July 2001.

However, at a sufficiently high energy level, shortwave energy can be harmful to human health, potentially causing damage to biological tissues. The FCC limits for maximum permissible workplace exposure to shortwave radio frequency energy in the range of 3–30 MHz has a plane-wave equivalent power density of (900/f2) mW/cm2 where f is the frequency in MHz, and 100 mW/cm2 from 0.3–3.0 MHz. For uncontrolled exposure to the general public, the limit is 180/f2 between 1.34–30 MHz.

Near the end of the Pacific war, several Allied warships began to relay Australian programmes to surrounding areas on shortwave. Grenville was one of these heard relaying the commercial programmes from 2KY Sydney in January 1946.

In Osaka, it also has studios in the branch office and a satellite studio. Besides its shortwave coverage Radio Nikkei is also available on mobile phones and online through Radiko – the platform accessible only from Japan.

Hiss Tracts is a Canadian experimental musical duo consisting of guitarist and sound engineer David Bryant and guitarist Kevin Doria. The pair have released one album, Shortwave Nights, by recording and combining instrumental and ambient sounds.

In August 2020, it was reported that pending FCC approval, Weiner planned to purchase World Harvest Radio International, the shortwave arm of the Family Broadcasting Corporation.Radio Insight: "Station Sales Week Of 8/14", August 14, 2020.

AM remains in use in many forms of communication in addition to AM broadcasting: shortwave radio, amateur radio, two-way radios, VHF aircraft radio, citizens band radio, and in computer modems in the form of QAM.

L. Chen, G. Yan, T. Wang, H. Ren, J. Calbó, J. Zhao, R. McKenzie (2012), Estimation of surface shortwave radiation components under all sky conditions: Modeling and sensitivity analysis, Remote Sensing of Environment, 123: 457–469.

The 10-meter band is a portion of the shortwave radio spectrum internationally allocated to amateur radio and amateur satellite use on a primary basis. The band consists of frequencies stretching from 28.000 to 29.700 MHz.

Finding pabstite in the field is hard and rare. When using a shortwave ultraviolet light, bluish white fluorescence is revealed from the specimens. This property is commonly used to identify pabstite. Pabstite is colorless to white.

Kraj odašiljanja na srednjem valu Prior to leaving shortwave, transmitters in Germany were rented to reach audiences in the Americas, while the Pacific region was covered for four hours daily via the relay station in Singapore.

A key disadvantage of the Millis site was that the signal had to travel over land to Boston. In contrast the Hull site featured a highly conductive salt water path to the city. The Hull site also provided ample space for WBZ's shortwave station, which had been founded at Springfield as W1XAZ in November 1929. It later operated from Millis as W1XK, ultimately becoming WBOS. WPIT, the shortwave station operated by KDKA in Pittsburgh, also moved its transmitters to Hull at this time, and in 1941 its operations were folded into WBOS. The shortwave transmitters soon began carrying government-provided programming (a service that ultimately evolved into the Voice of America) that would remain the shortwave station's primary function until leaving the air permanently in 1953. The Hull site would also serve as the home for WBZ's first FM sister station, which operated from there as W1XK, W67B, and then WBZ-FM on several frequencies off and on from November 7, 1940 until November 21, 1948. Under the provisions of the North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement, on March 29, 1941 WBZ's "clear channel" assignment was shifted to its present frequency, 1030 kHz.

In 2006 the shortwave- facilities were sold to the British entrepreneur Robert Edmiston and his Christian Vision-organization. However, on October 24, 2009 the site was shut down and antennas and transmitters have been dismantled by now.

In the summer of 1972, a strike at UACh's preparatory unit would lead to the station going off the air and not returning until 1989; the 1972 strike also marked the definitive end of the shortwave service.

WBCQ is a shortwave radio station operating at Monticello, Maine, United States. The station is owned and operated by Allan Weiner,Ciment, James (2015). Social Issues in America: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. Retrieved June 27, 2019.

Before 31 January 2017 Radio Australia broadcast shortwave radio signals which were terminated in favour of online and satellite radio. Radio Australia bulletins are also carried on WRN Broadcast, available via satellite in Europe and North America.

In 1998 there were 663 radio broadcast stations: 219 on AM, 431 on FM and 3 on shortwave. There were 84.5 million radio receiver sets (1997). Today there are around 600 licensed radio stations in the UK.

The system operated in the shortwave region, at 13 m wavelength. The signal was sent in-phase into a series of vertical antenna elements, and on reception, it was separated through its Doppler shift into bands of ⅓ Hz. For experimental purposes, Marconi built a smaller version with eight elements that was constructed by connecting them to one of the disused Chain Home antennas at RAF Downderry in Cornwall. This mounting meant it could point only in one direction. Experiments began in September 1952, and found reasonable results in spite of interference from local shortwave sources.

Transmitter array at the Vatican Radio transmitter site, Santa Maria di Galeria The signals are transmitted from a large shortwave and medium-wave transmission facility for Radio Vatican. The Santa Maria di Galeria Transmitter was established in 1957 and it is an extraterritorial area in Italy belonging to the Holy See. Vatican Radio's interval signal is a well-known sound on shortwave radio. One aerial for the medium wave frequency 1530 kHz which consists of four grounded freestanding towers arranged in a square, which carry wires for a medium wave aerial on horizontal crossbars.

High speed shortwave telegraphy circuits were then installed from London to Australia, India, South Africa and Canada as the main element of the Imperial Wireless Chain from 1926. The Dutch began conducting experiments in the shortwave frequencies in 1925 from Eindhoven. The radio station PCJJ began the first international broadcasting on March 11, 1927 with programmes in Dutch for colonies in the Dutch West Indies and Dutch East Indies and in German, Spanish and English for the rest of the world. The popular Happy Station show was inaugurated in 1928.

Wood 2000:57 Once Adolf Hitler assumed power in 1933, shortwave, under the Auslandsrundfunk (Foreign Radio Section), was regarded as a vital element of Nazi propaganda. German shortwave hours were increased from two hours a day to 18 per day, and eventually twelve languages were broadcast on a 24-hour basis, including English. A 100 kilowatt transmitter and antenna complex was built at Zeesen, near Berlin. Specialty target programming to the United States began in 1933, to South Africa, South America, and East Asia in 1934, and South Asia and Central America in 1938.

Media Network was the name of a weekly radio programme broadcast on Radio Netherlands Worldwide from 7 May 1981 until 26 October 2000.About Media Network , Radio Netherlands Worldwide blog When the programme began the station was known as Radio Nederland, but was renamed Radio Netherlands shortly thereafter. The programme concentrated on communications topics with particular reference to international shortwave broadcasting, but also went on to cover mediumwave and longwave, television, satellite, internet, reviews of shortwave receivers and other electronic devices. It was produced and presented by Jonathan Marks.

Responsibility for the shortwave transmissions was later transferred to separately licensed experimental stations. In 1922, a 1 kW shortwave transmitter was installed at Westinghouse's factory in East Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, with call sign 8XS."New Stations: Special Land Stations", Radio Service Bulletin, October 2, 1922, page 4. This was joined by 8XAU in 1924,"New Stations: Special Land Stations", Radio Service Bulletin, September 4, 1924, page 3. which, after the original 8XK was deleted later that year,"Special Land Stations: Strike out all particulars", Radio Service Bulletin, December 1, 1924, page 8.

American music industry veterans David S. Gold and Stan Ross, founders of the renowned Gold Star Studios in Hollywood, claim that "The Big Hurt" was the first commercial recording to feature a technique (or effect) now known as flanging. This "jet plane-like" sound effect may also be familiar to those who have listened to long-distance shortwave radio music broadcasts. (In radio, this effect was the result of multipath interference and varying propagation times.) To some, the flanging effect made this record sound like a distant shortwave broadcast.

The environmental conditions leading up to the 2011 Super Outbreak were among the "most conducive to violent tornadoes ever documented". On April 25, a vigorous upper-level shortwave trough moved into the Southern Plains states. Ample instability, low-level moisture, and wind shear all fueled a significant tornado outbreak from Texas to Tennessee; at least 64 tornadoes touched down on this day. An area of low pressure consolidated over Texas on April 26 and traveled east while the aforementioned shortwave trough traversed the Mississippi and Ohio River valleys.

The term utility station is used to describe fixed radio broadcasters disseminating signals that are not intended for reception by the general public (but such members are not actively prohibited from receiving). Utility stations, as the name suggests, do broadcast signals that have an immediate practical use, by means of analog or usually digital modes; most often utility transmissions are of a "point-to-point" nature, intended for a specific receiving station. Utility stations are most prevalent on shortwave frequencies, though they are not restricted to the shortwave frequencies.

The English-language shortwave broadcasts to North America were discontinued on 26 October 2008, due to a survey that claimed that more listeners listened to RNW podcasts than listened on shortwave radio. On 24 June 2011, the Dutch government announced a 70% cut to RNW's budget reducing it from 46 million euros to 14 million. On 11 May 2012 at 2200 CEST, the Dutch service signed off at the end of a 24-hour radio marathon broadcast. This included several interviews with past staff members of the station, including the former Director General Lodewijk Bouwens.

Horizontal wire dipole antennas are popular for use on the HF shortwave bands, both for transmitting and shortwave listening. They are usually constructed of two lengths of wire joined by a strain insulator in the center, which is the feedpoint. The ends can be attached to existing buildings, structures, or trees, taking advantage of their heights. If used for transmitting, it is essential that the ends of the antenna be attached to supports through strain insulators with a sufficiently high flashover voltage, since the antenna's high-voltage antinodes occur there.

Radiofax was an independent shortwave radio station that broadcast from Ireland between 1988 and 1992. It carried talk programmes on science, technology and media news, as well as contemporary popular music. "Britain's Number Two Shortwave Station," (the BBC World Service being number one) was forced to broadcast from various locations in Ireland because all of their requests for a licence from the British government had been refused. Founder and sponsor Trevor Brook subsequently took the licence battle to the High Court in London and the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg.

Speech/Morse generator For spies in the field, low-tech spoken number transmissions continue to have advantages in the 21st century. High-tech data-receiving equipment is difficult to obtain,Even a non-standard civilian shortwave radio can be difficult to obtain in a totalitarian state. See If It Had Not Been For 15 Minutes, chapter 6 for the problems of obtaining a numbers station receiving radio in East Germany during the Cold War. and being caught with just a shortwave radio has a degree of plausible deniability that no spying is being conducted.

On October 7, 2015, Turner returned to radio for the weekly, two hour Hal Turner Show, broadcast on shortwave radio station WBCQ and over the internet. For a time in 2015, Turner promoted another broadcast over "Superstation 95," a pirate radio station in the New York City area. The show aired until February 1, 2017, and then resumed on July 5, 2017, eventually adding another shortwave affiliate, WRMI. Turner stated at the end of March 2019 that he had run out of funds to keep the show on WBCQ and WRMI.

CBC North (; ; ) is the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's radio and television service in Northern Canada, in particular within the Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut and Nord-du-Québec regions. It began radio broadcast operations in 1958, as the CBC Northern Service. It took over CFYK, a community-run station in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, which began broadcasting in 1948 and was opened by the Royal Canadian Corps of Signals (see NWT&Y; Radio System). Shortwave broadcasting to the North began in 1960, from CBC's shortwave transmitter complex in Sackville, New Brunswick.

Radiation inputs to the snowpack include net shortwave (solar radiation including visible and ultraviolet light) and longwave (infrared) radiation. Net shortwave radiation is the difference in energy received from the sun and that reflected by the snowpack because of the snowpack albedo. Longwave radiation is received by the snowpack from many sources, including ozone, carbon dioxide, and water vapor present in all levels of the atmosphere. Longwave radiation is also emitted by the snowpack in the form near-Black-body radiation, where snow has an emissivity between 0.97 and 1.0.

The environmental conditions leading up to the April 2011 Super Outbreak were among the "most conducive to violent tornadoes ever documented". On April 25, a vigorous upper-level shortwave trough that moved into the Southern Plains states. Ample instability, low- level moisture, and wind shear fueled a significant tornado outbreak from Texas to Tennessee; at least 64 tornadoes touched down on this day. An area of low pressure consolidated over Texas on April 26 and traveled east while the aforementioned shortwave trough traversed the Mississippi River and Ohio River valleys.

A stateowned radio station, "Radio PMR", broadcasts both via FM and on frequency 7290 kHz shortwave, 41 meter band. Four privately owned commercial radio stations broadcast on FM from Transnistria. They are: "Inter FM", "Dynamite FM", "EnergyRadio.FM", "Frequence3".

A Zenith Model 5-S-220 "cube" radio circa 1937. Among Zenith's early famous products were the 'Royal' series of transistor radios and the 'Trans-Oceanic' series of shortwave portable radios, which were produced from 1942 to 1981.

Refusing re-election, he occupied the post until 1953, during which time the WHO dealt successfully with a cholera epidemic in Egypt, malaria outbreaks in Greece and Sardinia, and introduced shortwave epidemic-warning services for ships at sea.

Family Radio's text publications continue to be based on the text of the authorized King James Bible. Prerecorded Bible readings broadcast over satellite, shortwave, radio frequencies and the internet are generally based on the Modern King James Bible.

WDEO is a radio station broadcasting on 990 kilohertz in Ypsilanti, Michigan. Broadcasting Catholic programming, WDEO is operated by Ave Maria Radio. Some programming is locally produced, and some is simulcast from EWTN's "Global Catholic Radio" shortwave network.

Another method is known as thermolysis, also called radio frequency (RF), shortwave or diathermy. Thermolysis was developed in the 1920s and first reported in medical literature by Henri Bordier.Bordier H. Nouveau traitment de l'hypertrichose par la diathermie. Vie Med.

In May 1984, there was another international conference in Seychelles. Feba was challenged to expand into a second large shortwave station in Sierra Leone but instead decided to focus on improving programming. There followed a decade of vigorous activity.

On 12 October 2000 – shortly after the outbreak of the Second Intifada – successive Israeli Air Force raids stopped transmission of the Voice of Palestine, destroying the technical equipment used for transmission. Currently the radio service broadcasts on shortwave (AM).

Most telegrams were transmitted by cables or by shortwave radio. Cutmicrowave transmission also was used. Teletype transmission was used for messages at the international level, but some 40 percent of county and municipal telegrams were transmitted by Morse code.

The regional stations broadcast their own radio services for most of the day. They enjoy a great deal of autonomy from the Freetown headquarters. Radio broadcasting uses FM exclusively. Previously a shortwave and mediumwave station were located at Goderich.

There also is a powerful shortwave transmitter for overseas broadcasts in several languages. Fourth ed. Washington: Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. . The official government station is the Korean Central Broadcasting Station (KCBS), which broadcasts in Korean.

Diagram of shortwave links used by KDKA in East Pittsburgh for rebroadcasts by KDPM in Cleveland and WBZ East Springfield, Massachusetts (1923)"Broadcast Relay on 100 Meters" by Howard Allen Duncan, Science and Invention, November 1923, page 674. In the early 1920s Westinghouse established additional broadcasting stations, and was interested in linking them together for simultaneous network programming, but wanted to avoid the expense of leasing long-distance telephone lines. It was decided to test the practicality of using shortwave transmissions for distributing programming originating at KDKA."Important Events in Radio", Radio Service Bulletin, December 31, 1926, page 30. Beginning on March 4, 1923 KDKA, in addition to its normal operation on 360 meters (833 kHz), transmitted on shortwave wavelengths from 80 to 100 meters (3750 to 3000 kHz), for local rebroadcasts on 360 meters by both KDPM in Cleveland, Ohio and WBZ in East Springfield, Massachusetts.

Until 1989, none of these figures were either confirmed or challenged by the Soviet officials. Soviet citizens were able to learn the details of this disaster only from the reports of the Voice of America and other Western shortwave-radio broadcasters.

The Katherine and Tennant Creek services broadcast the Darwin Local Radio programming, as well as Alice Springs service broadcasts Alice Springs Local Radio content. Programs are relayed on ABC Outback Radio services which was transmitted on shortwave until January 2017.

In addition to Fort Wayne, Farnsworth operated a factory in Marion, Indiana, that made shortwave radios used by American combat soldiers in World War II. Acquired by RCA after the war, the facility was located at 3301 S. Adams St.

The SRAL also represents the interests of Finnish amateur radio operators and shortwave listeners before Finnish and international telecommunications regulatory authorities. SRAL is the national member society representing Finland in the International Amateur Radio Union.International Amateur Radio Union (2008). "Member Societies".

The RAST represents the interests of Thai amateur radio operators and shortwave listeners before Thai and international telecommunications regulatory authorities. RAST is the national member society representing Thailand in the International Amateur Radio Union.International Amateur Radio Union (2018). "Member Societies".

Retrieved 2011-04-01. Relay stations are also important to reach listeners in countries that practice radio jamming. Depending on the effect of the shortwave dead zone the target countries can jam the programs only locally, e.g. for bigger cities.

Abernathyite is a transparent, yellow mineral that occurs as tabular crystals up to . The mineral has a single perfect cleavage on {001}. Abernathyite fluoresces yellow-green in longwave and shortwave ultraviolet. Because of its uranium content, the mineral is radioactive.

The Hellenic Radio (; or ERA) was the main public radio broadcaster in Greece. Founded in 1987 as a subsidiary of public broadcaster Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation (ERT), it broadcast four domestic radio channels and the multilingual shortwave radio channel Voice of Greece.

There are also five shortwave radio stations. Television Nacional, the television network, is state operated. The international TV programme RTVGE is available via satellites in Africa, Europa, and the Americas and worldwide via Internet. There are two newspapers and two magazines.

The US government-operated international broadcaster the Voice of America no longer uses callsigns assigned to it; however, Radio Canada International's transmitter in Sackville, New Brunswick was assigned CKCX. Privately operated shortwave stations, like WWCR and CFRX, also have call signs.

CyBC Greek-language programming is available for Greek Cypriot expatriates in the United Kingdom on weekends via shortwave radio. The External Service uses a transmitter, operated by VT Communications, which is also used for BBC World Service programming in the area.

Broadcast stations: AM 3, FM 9, shortwave 2 (1999) Radios: 1.4 million (1997) In April, 2008, Nokia Siemens was appointed to replace parts of the existing radio network.Oman Mobile strengthens partnership with Nokia Siemens Networks, al-abwab.com, April 28, 2008.

BBC Hereford and Worcester's 1584 AM and Sunshine Radio's 105.9 FM broadcasts are made from the Woofferton transmitting station, just south of Ludlow, which is notable for its Cold War history and now being the UK's only remaining shortwave broadcasting site.

There are 20 radio broadcast stations: 8 AM, 10 FM, and 2 shortwave as of 2009. Only 10 are estimated to be transmitting. There were an estimated 1.291 million radios in Tajikistan in 1991, approximately 1 for every 3.9 people.

This is a list of the licensed radio stations in Mexico City that are found on the AM, shortwave and FM bands. Some stations are licensed or have their transmitters in the State of Mexico but primarily serve Mexico City.

CKCX was the callsign used for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's shortwave transmitter complex near Sackville, New Brunswick at the Tantramar Marshes. The Sackville Relay Station was operated by Radio Canada International and broadcast its programming around the world as well as relay transmissions from several foreign shortwave broadcasters. Domestically, it transmitted broadcasts on 9.625 MHz to northern Quebec by CBC North, the James Bay Cree Communications Society and Taqramiut Nipingat, the Inuit communications society of the Nunavik region of northern Quebec. The CKCX designation was assigned after CBC Radio's CBA, under whose licence the Sackville complex originally operated, moved to Moncton in 1968.

CBC Music and Ici musique, found exclusively on FM, air arts and cultural programming, with a focus on music. CBC Radio 3, found only online and on satellite radio, airs exclusively independent Canadian music. CBC Radio also operated two shortwave services. One, Radio Nord Québec, broadcast domestically to Northern Quebec on a static frequency of 9625 kHz, and the other, Radio Canada International, provided broadcasts to the United States and around the world in eight languages. Both shortwave services were shut down in 2012 due to budget cuts; the Sackville transmitter site was dismantled in 2014.

Broadcasting Decision CRTC 2012-602-1, CFFB Iqaluit – New transmitters in Puvirnituq, Kuujjuarapik, Inukjuak, Salluit and Kuujjuaq (Fort Chimo) – Correction, CRTC, November 5, 2012 Additionally, the Radio One stations in St. John's and Vancouver operated shortwave relay transmitters, broadcasting at 6160 kHz. Some have suggested that CBC/Radio-Canada create a new high-power shortwave digital radio service for more effective coverage of isolated areas. In November 2004, the CBC, in partnership with Standard Broadcasting and Sirius Satellite Radio, applied to the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) for a licence to introduce satellite radio service to Canada.

Shortwave antennas of the Nador transmitter Nador transmitter is the main transmission facility for longwave and shortwave of Medi 1 Radio, a privately owned broadcasting company of Morocco. It is situated approximately 18 kilometres south of the city of Nador and a few kilometres south of Selouane at 35°2'29"N and 2°55'7"W. The longwave transmitter of the Nador facility, which works on 171 kHz, had originally a transmission power of 2000 kilowatts. After 2009 the original equipment had been replaced by a new set of Thomson Broadcast S7HP solid-state transmitters with an output of 1600 kW.

The Voice of Greece (), also known as ERA 5, is the international service of Greek state radio on shortwave and via satellite and the internet. On 11 June 2013, the Greek government announced the closure of the state broadcaster ERT from 12 June 2013 as an austerity measure. As of 24 June 2013, The Voice of Greece from ERT Open was broadcasting intermittently again on shortwave on 9420 kHz, 9935 kHz, 11645 kHz, but the live online streaming internet transmission had not resumed. A live internet broadcast stream began operating again in mid-2015 at the link below.

After German shortwave broadcaster Deutsche Welle was founded in 1953, the Jülich radio transmitter was built in 1956 to transit shortwave radio broadcasts. In preparation for the 1972 Summer Olympics at Munich, Deutsche Welle decided to build a new transmitter site because the nine 100 kW transmitters in Jülich were too small. Construction began in 1969 on a near Amberg. The transmitters were supplied by AEG-Telefunken and the antennas by Brown, Boveri & Cie. About 600 people worked to build the site. By September 1971, six out of 25 towers had been completed, with heights reading to 125 m.

By the 1930s transatlantic communication had switched to short waves, and vacuum tube shortwave transmitters were installed in the main building, and a log periodic shortwave antenna on the roof. The Alexanderson alternator found a second use as a naval transmitter to communicate with submarines, as VLF frequencies can penetrate a short distance into seawater. During the Second World War 1939-1945, the station experienced a heyday, when it was Scandinavia's gateway to the outside world. Underwater communication cable connections had once again been quickly severed by nations at war and the radiotelegraphy transmissions were a link to the outside world.

This led Westinghouse to begin evaluating the commercial potential of shortwave transmissions. In 1924, Conrad demonstrated to RCA's David Sarnoff that low-powered shortwave signals from East Pittsburgh could be readily received in London, using a simple receiver with a curtain rod as an antenna. This matched, at a small fraction of the cost, the performance of the then-current RCA method for transatlantic radio, which used massive longwave Alexanderson alternator transmitters for producing signals that were sent and received using antennas with lengths measured in kilometers. Conrad's last license for 8XK was deleted on November 3, 1924.

Old Town Hall Schloss Rennhof Worth mentioning is the Schloss Rennhof built by Baron Rothschild in 1853 and the old schoolhouse built in 1906 and 1907, both in Hüttenfeld. In the Schloss Rennhof is found the Litauisches Gymnasium Hüttenfeld (“Lithuanian Gymnasium”), originally established as a school for Lithuanian émigrés’ children after their homeland was overrun by the Soviet Union in the Second World War. It is the only recognized Lithuanian school in Western Europe. The many transmission masts of the shortwave broadcaster Radio Free Europe Lampertheim, one of the biggest shortwave transmission facilities in Germany, are up to 125 m tall.

Farmer was a devout Quaker, and worked for and with numerous local projects in Newcastle-Upon-Tyne aiming to improve the lives of the homeless, especially in retirement. He was also a member of Friends of the Earth and environmental campaigner, living a frugal life with a solar panel installed on the roof of his house, and a public opponent of nuclear power and nuclear weapons. He was also a keen amateur shortwave radio enthusiast. In 1977 the Wireless Institute of Australia awarded him the Cook Bicentenary Award for his dedication to the shortwave radio community.

Greenville was the largest transmitter site for the Voice of America shortwave broadcasts under the auspices of the U.S. government's International Broadcasting Bureau. Both transmitter buildings and three large antenna 'farms' were located just outside Greenville. The Greenville Transmitting Station provided shortwave broadcasts for U.S. government-funded, non-military, international broadcasting and served as a standby, alternate gateway for the Satellite Interconnect System to use to uplink programming, should the Washington, D.C., SIS gateway have become unavailable. The station was also a backup facility for uplinking programming to the Atlantic Ocean Region satellite and served as the primary return link of that satellite.

High-power (50 kW and above) international shortwave broadcasting stations change frequencies seasonally – even daily – to adapt to ionospheric propagation conditions, so their signals can reach their intended audience. Frequent transmitting frequency changes require frequent adjustment of antenna matching and phasing circuitry. Modern shortwave transmitters typically include built-in impedance-matching circuitry for SWR up to 2:1 that can adjust to a new frequency and hence new output impedance within 15 seconds. The matching networks in transmitters sometimes incorporate a balun or an external one can be installed at the transmitter in order to feed a balanced line.

Shortwave radiation (SW) is radiant energy with wavelengths in the visible (VIS), near-ultraviolet (UV), and near-infrared (NIR) spectra. There is no standard cut-off for the near-infrared range; therefore, the shortwave radiation range is also variously defined. It may be broadly defined to include all radiation with a wavelength of 0.1μm and 5.0μm or narrowly defined so as to include only radiation between 0.2μm and 3.0μm. There is little radiation flux (in terms of W/m²) to the Earth's surface below 0.2μm or above 3.0μm, although photon flux remains significant as far as 6.0μm, compared to shorter wavelength fluxes.

Damage swath of the tornado across eastern Mississippi The environmental conditions leading up to the April 2011 Super Outbreak were among the "most conducive to violent tornadoes ever documented". On April 25, a vigorous upper-level shortwave trough moved into the Southern Plains states. Ample instability, low-level moisture, and wind shear fueled a significant tornado outbreak from Texas to Tennessee; at least 64 tornadoes touched down that same day. An area of low pressure consolidated over Texas on April 26 and traveled east while the aforementioned shortwave trough traversed the Mississippi River and Ohio River valleys.

Listeners would mail "reception reports" to radio broadcasting stations in hopes of getting a written acknowledgement or a QSL card that served to officially verify they had heard a distant station. Collecting these cards became popular with radio listeners in the 1920s and 1930s, and reception reports were often used by early broadcasters to gauge the effectiveness of their transmissions. Although international shortwave broadcasts are on the decline, DXing remains popular among dedicated shortwave listeners. The pursuit of two-way contact between distant amateur radio operators is also a significant activity within the amateur radio hobby.

Through advanced radio control software, the radios can be automatically ganged together, so that tuning one radio can tune all the others in the group. This DXing technique is sometimes referred to as diversity reception and facilitates easy "A to B" comparison of different antennas and receivers for a given signal. For more details on "PC Radios" or computer controlled shortwave receivers see the discussion in Shortwave listening. Having a minimum of two dipole antennas at right angles to each other (for example, one running north–south and one running east–west) can produce dramatically different reception patterns.

Sometimes the sounds of instruments and existing musical recordings are altered by remixing or equalizing, with various distortions added, to replicate the garbled effects of shortwave radio reception. The first attempts by serious composers to incorporate radio effects into music may be those of the Russian physicist and musician Léon Theremin, who perfected a form of radio oscillator as a musical instrument in 1928 (regenerative circuits in radios of the time were prone to breaking into oscillation, adding various tonal harmonics to music and speech); and in the same year, the development of a French instrument called the Ondes Martenot by its inventor Maurice Martenot, a French cellist and former wireless telegrapher. Karlheinz Stockhausen used shortwave radio and effects in works including Hymnen (1966–1967), Kurzwellen (1968) – adapted for the Beethoven Bicentennial in Opus 1970 with filtered and distorted snippets of Beethoven pieces – Spiral (1968), Pole, Expo (both 1969–1970), and Michaelion (1997). Cypriot composer Yannis Kyriakides incorporated shortwave numbers station transmissions in his 1999 ConSPIracy cantata.

While investigating transmitter "harmonics" – unwanted additional radio signals produced at higher frequencies than a station's normal transmission frequency – Westinghouse's Frank Conrad unexpectedly found that in some cases the harmonics could be heard farther than the primary signal, something previously thought impossible, as high-frequency shortwave signals, which had poor groundwave coverage, were thought to have a very limited transmission range. In 1924, Conrad demonstrated to Sarnoff that a low-powered shortwave station in East Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania could be readily received in London by a simple receiver using a curtain rod as an antenna, matching, at a small fraction of the cost, the performance of the massive alternator transmitters. In 1926 Dr. Harold H. Beverage further reported that a shortwave signal, transmitted on a 15-meter wavelength (approximately 20 MHz), was received in South America more readily during the daytime than the 200-kilowatt alternator transmissions.Dr. Harold H. Beverage interview (hard-core-dx.

Retrieved Aug. 06, 2020. The IARS represents the interests of Iraqi amateur radio operators and shortwave listeners before Iraqi and international telecommunications regulatory authorities. Recognized in May, 2005, IARS is the national member society representing Iraq in the International Amateur Radio Union.

Neither the dance, nor the music caught on outside of Cuba. In spite of this, members of Eddie Palmieri's Conjunto la Perfecta did hear this new music over shortwave radio, inspiring them to create a similar rhythm which they also called mozambique.

Kujang is a town in Kujang County, North Pyongan Province, North Korea. It is near Hyangsan. The Kujang station, broadcasting the radio programme Voice of Korea, is 25 km from the town, about 100 km north of Pyongyang.Kujang shortwave transmitter site at northkoreatech.org.

However, shortwave services were terminated in June 2012, and RCI became accessible exclusively via the Internet. It also reduced its services to five languages (in contrast with the 14 languages it used in 1990) and ended production of its own news service.

Its name and format were probably inspired by the BBC Light Programme. Until recently it was transmitted on long wave, medium wave and shortwave. Advertising was introduced in the 1980s. The station's trademark Moscow Nights tuning signal is played every 30 minutes.

The playlist is among the most diverse and eclectic of the world's state run classical music networks. Other services offered by Radio New Zealand include the Radio New Zealand International Pacific shortwave service, the AM Network Parliamentary broadcaster and The Wireless youth website.

Alex Jones, journalist, radio show host and filmmaker, produces his talk show The Alex Jones Show in Austin which broadcasts nationally on more than 60 AM and FM radio stations in the United States, WWCR Radio shortwave and XM Radio: Channel 166.

The group primarily consists of numerous North Korean refugees and defectors. In late September 2017, the BBC World Service launched shortwave broadcasts in Korean aimed at the Korean Peninsula from its transmitters in Taiwan and Tashkent, which North Korea quickly began jamming.

As of 2008, Armenia has 9 AM stations, 17 FM stations, and one shortwave station. Additionally, there are approximately 850,000 radios in existence.CIA World Factbook, 2009: Armenia Primary network provider is TRBNA. The Public Radio of Armenia is the national public radio channel.

Graetz multiband radio receiver from the time of Kurzwellen's composition Kurzwellen (Short Waves), for six players with shortwave radio receivers and live electronics, is a composition by Karlheinz Stockhausen, written in 1968. It is Number 25 in the catalog of the composer’s works.

Condor refuses. It is then revealed that the president is alive in a Federal Emergency Management Agency bunker outside of Olney, Maryland. He learns that the Soviet premier is attempting to make contact through shortwave radio. The two negotiate a cease-fire.

Since there was no blueprint or precedent for real-time news coverage, early efforts of the new division used the shortwave link-up CBS had been using for five years to bring live feeds of European events to its American air.Barnouw, Tower, pp.

However, by the end of the year development had been cancelled when it was pointed out how easily the system was interfered with by local shortwave sources; an enemy could easily jam the radar using low-cost commercial transmitters while still well below the horizon.

Additional scenes were also added of two ham radio operators in a wilderness Lapp cabin trying to communicate by shortwave radio with the outside world. Both characters never turn up again in the story.Henenlotter, Frank (2001). Terror in the Midnight Sun (DVD liner notes).

In the Northwest Territories, Yukon, Nunavut, and northern Quebec, CBC North airs a modified Radio One schedule to accommodate programming in Native languages and Radio Nord Quebec, which airs a combined Radio One / Première schedule via shortwave mixed in with programming in native languages.

The WRNY homemade television receiver consists of a modified TRF radio receiver. For WRNY, this would be an AM receiver. For other TV stations of the day, this would be a shortwave set. After the detector stage, the receiver requires a three-tube TV adapter.

The balance between this loss and the energy gained by radiative heating from incoming solar shortwave radiation determines global heating or cooling of the Earth system (Energy budget of Earth's climate). Local differences between radiative heating and cooling provide the energy that drives atmospheric dynamics.

Popular Communications was a magazine with content relating to the radio hobby, including scanners, shortwave radio, CB, amateur radio, AM and FM broadcast band listening, radio history, and vintage radio restoration. The magazine existed between 1982 and 2013. It was based in Hicksville, New York.

DARC promotes amateur radio by organizing classes and technical support to help enthusiasts earn their amateur radio license. The DARC also represents the interests of German amateur radio operators and shortwave listeners before German and international telecommunications regulatory authorities.Deutsche Amateur-Radio-Club e.V. (2019).

Folkman et al., "Calibration of a shortwave reference standard by transfer from a blackbody standard using a cryogenic active cavity radiometer", IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, pp. 2298–2300, 1994. only based on witness samples (see slide 9 of Priestley et al. (2014)).

Near Lampertheim, the American foreign broadcasting service Radio Free Europe runs a shortwave transmission facility, and US troops run a United States Army and USAF base, Coleman Barracks, in neighbouring Mannheim-Sandhofen. Furthermore, American soldiers also train at a shooting range in the Lampertheim woods.

P. Wenaas, Radiola: the Golden Age of RCA, 1919 - 1929, Chandler, AZ: Sonoran Publishing LLC, 2007, p. 336, and later to diode detectors. The grid leak detector has been popular for many years with amateur radio operators and shortwave listeners who construct their own receivers.

They are also the company responsible for the Realistic Mach speaker line. A very wide range of products was marketed under the Realistic brand. These included record players, stereo receivers, cassette decks, ham radios, musical synthesizers and a few quadraphonic receivers and shortwave radios.

One of the most popular programs on Radio Sweden was Sweden Calling DXers, founded in 1948 by Arne Skoog. He reasoned that shortwave listening or DXing was a very young hobby, and that by providing information in a weekly program for shortwave listeners about their hobby, Radio Sweden was teaching its own audience about how to listen better. While the first program was based solely on Arne's own listening, listeners were encouraged to write in with their own news, and soon virtually all of the program was based on listener's letters (an early example of interactvity). The program was carried on Tuesdays in all of Radio Sweden's services except Swedish.

The Grigoriopol transmitter (Russian designation: Mayak Radio Centre) is a very large broadcasting facility situated in Grigoriopol, a town 13 km southeast of Maiac, Transnistria (Moldova). Construction work on this facility with an area of 950 hectares, which hoisted at the beginning of the 1990s over 20 transmitters working in the short- and mediumwave range, took place between 1968 and 1975. The antennas consist of several antennas for shortwave with heights between 60 and 160 metres and a large rotatable shortwave antenna, which can focus its radiation to every point on Earth. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, its transmitters were used by several foreign broadcasting companies.

Nikolaus Ritter, to make contact with Duquesne. Ritter had been friends with Duquesne back in 1931, and the two spies reconnected in New York on 3 December 1937. Ritter employed several other successful agents across the U.S., most notably Herman Lang, who delivered to the Germans the blueprints for the Top Secret Norden bombsight, but he also made the mistake of recruiting a man who would later become a double agent, William Sebold. On 8 February 1940, Ritter sent Sebold to New York under the alias of Harry Sawyer and instructed him to set up a shortwave radio-transmitting station to establish contact with the German shortwave station abroad.

The station was designed to serve a dual purpose, of providing an agricultural service, and for testing the practicality of using shortwave transmitters to link together radio networks, with KFKX receiving much of its programming by shortwave from KDKA in Pittsburgh. In 1928 the project was abandoned, although it was announced that the KFKX programming was being consolidated with KYW. Westinghouse now controlled two stations in addition to KYW in the Chicago area: KFKX and WEBH. On September 1, 1928 the Federal Radio Commission (FRC) ordered that their operations should be consolidated.Annual Report of the Federal Radio Commission For the Year Ended June 30, 1928, page 162.

SINPO code is most frequently used in reception reports written by shortwave listeners. Each letter of the code stands for a specific factor of the signal, and each item is graded on a 1 to 5 scale (where 1 stands for nearly undetectable/severe/unusable and 5 for excellent/nil/extremely strong). The code originated with the CCIR (a predecessor to the ITU-R) in 1951, and was widely used by BBC shortwave listeners to submit signal reports, with many going so far as to mail audio recordings to the BBC's offices. SINPO and SINPFEMO are the official signal reporting codes for international civil aviation and ITU-R.

A one-way voice link (OWVL) is typically a radio based communication method used by spy networks to communicate with agents in the field typically (but not exclusively) using shortwave radio frequencies. Shortwave frequencies were and are generally highly preferred for their long range, as a communications link of 1200 km is easily possible. VHF and UHF frequencies can be used for one-way voice circuits, but are generally not preferred as their range is at best 300 km (on flat terrain). Since the 1970s infrared point-to-point communication systems have been used that offer OWVLs, but the number of users was always limited.

AT&T; 2 wire rhombic in Dixon, California, in 1937, used for telephone service to Shanghai, China The rhombic antenna was designed in the 1931 by Edmond Bruce and Harald Friis, It was mostly commonly used in the high frequency (HF) or shortwave band as a broadband directional antenna. Prior to World War II, the rhombic was one of the most popular point- to-point high frequency antenna arrays. After World War II the rhombic largely fell out of favor for shortwave broadcast and point-to-point communications work, being replaced by log periodic antennas and curtain arrays. Larger log periodics provide wider frequency coverage with comparable gain to rhombics.

Between 1959 and 1989 21 transmitters with power up to 100 kW and 45 antenna systems were installed for worldwide radio communication. Between 1971 and 1981 three 500 kW superpower shortwave transmitters were installed, feeding 23 high gain curtain antennas positioned to broadcast to politically important countries. As the Eastern Bloc's second most powerful radio station after Moscow, it became important as a dissemination channel of Cold War propaganda to both Western and other East Bloc countries. In 1964 two German companies built one of the first prototype rotating shortwave broadcast antennas nearby at the Dechtower dyke, which was used until the end of the Cold War.

The idea for Superrock KYOI was first proposed in 1980, due to the popularity of shortwave radio in Japan, which led to the idea of using the medium of shortwave to satisfy Japanese teenagers' and young adults' appetite for Western pop and rock music, as the Western concept of Top-40 or Album Rock radio formats did not exist in Japan at the time. The station began transmitting December 17, 1982. Initial frequencies were 11.9, 15.19, 15.405, and 9.67 MHz. To promote a new standard of broadcasting, Superrock KYOI had a carefully selected name: "Super" having a very strong, positive meaning in Japan, and "YOI" meaning "good" in Japanese.

At about the same time Weiner's federal court case for illegal broadcasting was also underway. As a part of his defense in that case his attorney cited Radio Caroline as an example of why offshore radio broadcasting was a legal enterprise. At the time of that hearing the new Radio Caroline ship was the host to three broadcasting services: one in the English language, another in the Dutch language and a third on a shortwave service started some time after Weiner's visit to the ship. The shortwave service called World Mission Radio (WMR), advertised on air that its mailing address was in California, USA.

He provided the Abwehr a large drawing of the bomb-sight and later went to Germany to work on and finish an improved version. While in Germany, Lang met with Canaris and Hermann Göring. Ritter employed several other successful agents across the U.S., but he also made the mistake of recruiting a man who would later become a double agent for the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), William Sebold. On 8 February 1940, Ritter sent Sebold to New York under the alias of Harry Sawyer and instructed him to set up a shortwave radio-transmitting station to establish contact with the German shortwave station abroad.

Offices of KNLS on Norman Lowell Road, outside of Anchor Point near the transmission towers. The idea for KNLS came about during World War II, when Maurice Hall, a young Army Signal Corps officer, was involved in delivering shortwave radio transmitters to the Yalta Conference so that President Franklin D. Roosevelt could stay informed of news from Washington. Hall, a devout Christian, realized that Christian programming could also be sent to the entire world in the same way. After World War II, Hall became a minister, educator and missionary, but still dreamed of an international shortwave station that would reach the entire world with Gospel messages.

Radio Australia, a division of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, produces Indonesian language programming broadcast on shortwave radio, by satellite, and online from studios in Southbank, Melbourne. In 2013, the potential closure of the station's shortwave broadcasts to Indonesia was flagged as a result of high costs and the growing popularity of news coverage online and through social media. A daily Indonesian-language breakfast program is broadcast, in addition to English educational programming. SBS Radio produces a regular Indonesian- language program targeted at Indonesian communities in Australia, while a number of newspapers, magazines and community radio stations including Ozip, BUSET, 3ZZZ and Buletin Indonesia also produce Indonesian-language content.

This communication method is variable and unreliable, with reception over a given path depending on time of day or night, the seasons, weather, and the 11-year sunspot cycle. During the first half of the 20th century it was widely used for transoceanic telephone and telegraph service, and business and diplomatic communication. Due to its relative unreliability, shortwave radio communication has been mostly abandoned by the telecommunications industry, though it remains important for high-latitude communication where satellite-based radio communication is not possible. Some broadcasting stations and automated services still use shortwave radio frequencies, as do radio amateur hobbyists for private recreational contacts.

The FM network includes support for Radio Data System. The only AM transmitter still in use is at Ingøy, which broadcasts NRK P1 to the fishing fleet in the Barents Sea. Kvitsøy remains the only shortwave transmitter, broadcasting Polish Radio External Service and Radio Romania International.

She also was featured on Barry Wood's Million Dollar Band program and starred in "a weekly program broadcast over CBS shortwave for Latin America." Knight was also a regular on Club Fifteen,Sies, Luther F. (2014). Encyclopedia of American Radio, 1920-1960, 2nd Edition. McFarland & Company, Inc. .

The Great Depression in America, p. 345. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. NBC expanded the program's coverage in 1942, adding it to the schedules of international shortwave stations. In 1946 it switched to the ABC Radio Network and aired until 1952 on Saturday nights from 6:30 p.m.

Shijak transmitter was a broadcasting station for mediumwave and shortwave south of Shijak, Albania. It had 5 masts taller than 100 metres, whereby the tallest mast with a height of 130 metres was the tallest man-made structure in Albania. All antennas were demolished in 2019.

Agrellite (NaCa2Si4O10F) is a mineral found in Quebec, Canada and a few other locations. Agrellite displays pink fluorescence under both shortwave and longwave ultraviolet light.Handbook of Mineralogy It is named in honour of Stuart Olof Agrell (1913–1996).first reported in the Canadian Mineralogist (1976), vol.

Israel Amateur Radio Club "IARC QSL Bureau (Hebrew)". The IARC represents the interests of Israeli amateur radio operators and shortwave listeners before Israeli and international telecommunications regulatory authorities. IARC is the national member society representing Israel in the International Amateur Radio Union.International Amateur Radio Union (2008).

Noblejas is a municipality located in the province of Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 3332 inhabitants. Radio Exterior (the Spanish state's international shortwave station) has transmitter its 0.5 km (500 yards) south of Noblejas.

Interactive phone-in discussions on local and national issues are very popular on Ghanaian radio. In addition to English-language stations, there are several in local dialect.Ray, D. (1986), Ghana: Politics, Economics and Society, Lynne Reinner Publishers. In 2007, 86 FM and three shortwave stations existed.

The Malawi Broadcasting Corporation is a state-run radio company in Malawi. It was founded in 1964. It has two radio stations, Radio 1 and Radio 2, and transmits on FM, Medium Wave and Shortwave frequencies and Online. It also runs the national television station, Television Malawi.

In 1925 Crosley received a license for an experimental shortwave station, 8XAL (W8XAL after 1928)."WLW to Try Shortwave", Cincinnati Enquirer, May 4, 1925, Radio Section, page 1. In August 1926 the company announced that it was planning to establish a shortwave link to relay programs from Cincinnati for retransmission by a newly acquired station, WARC, located near Boston, Massachusetts,"Crosleys to Enter Short Wave Field", Omaha (Nebraska) World Herald, August 22, 1926, page 53. however this link was never implemented. In 1926 8XAL was on air with 100 watts, which increased to 10,000 watts in 1931. In 1940 the station was relicensed as a commercial station, with the call letters WLWO. In early 1941 it was operating with 75 kilowatts, with a program service particularly aimed at South America, and was known as "The Inter-Nation Station"."On Short Waves: Crosley's International Voice" by Charles A. Morrison, March 28, 1941, page 40. The station transmitted on 5.690 MHz from 1924–1929 and 6.060 MHz (June 1929 November 1, 1942).

As of 2014, Stair leases airtime globally on five Free-to-air satellites (Galaxy 19, Hot Bird 8, Optus D2, Thaicom 5, and Eutelsat 25B) and on seven international shortwave radio stations (WHRI, WWRB, WTWW, WWCR, WBCQ, WRMI, and Media Broadcast GmbH) to convey his message to listeners in the United States as well as listeners in locations as far-flung as South America, Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Europe, Israel, Russia, India, and Asia. In addition to international satellite and shortwave, Stair also broadcasts worldwide via internet streaming from his ministry's web site and leases time on terrestrial AM and FM radio stations throughout the United States, some of which are large-coverage stations. In the 1990s, Brother Stair was heard on 120 such stations, though by 2007 and continuing through 2014, that total had been reduced to approximately 25. In 2016, however, the broadcast was dramatically increased due to a large contribution which allowed Brother Stair to purchase hundreds of hours per day of broadcasting time to create one of the most extensive shortwave broadcasts in history.

The output stages of professional AM radio broadcast transmitters of up to 50 kW need to be linear and are now usually constructed using solid state technologies. Large vacuum tubes are still used for international long, medium, and shortwave broadcast transmitters from 500 kW up to 2 MW.

Cubic zirconia has no cleavage and exhibits a conchoidal fracture. Because of its high hardness, it is generally considered brittle. Under shortwave UV cubic zirconia typically fluoresces a yellow, greenish yellow or "beige". Under longwave UV the effect is greatly diminished, with a whitish glow sometimes being seen.

The international shortwave service started in 1964 and was renamed "Voice of Mongolia" in 1997. The Ölgii station also carries local programming in Kazakh. In 2011 Р3 was launched as a youth programme. Television broadcasts started in September 1967, and a second channel was launched in July 2011.

"AM'er" Joe Walsh WB6ACU on the air. Audio recording of Joe Walsh on the air. Amplitude modulation (AM) was once the main voice mode in amateur radio before being superseded by Single-sideband modulation (SSB). But AM has recently become a nostalgic specialty interest on the shortwave ham bands.

The local municipality recorded unemployment in 2007 to be at around 10%, but is considered to be higher when accounting for all the persons able to work. Around 130 homeless families lived in Shijak in 2007. South of Shijak, there is a broadcasting station for mediumwave and shortwave.

The OLF has offices in Washington, D.C. and Berlin and is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. It operates a shortwave radio station, SBO (Sagalee Bilisummaa Oromoo) or VOL (Voice of Oromo Liberation), in Berlin. VOL radio transmits in Afan Oromo as well as in Amharic.

Black light fluorescent lamp Fluorescent stamps can be detected with a black light fluorescent tube. Phosphorescent stamps can be detected using a shortwave UV lamp. The effects of both processes can be recorded photographically. Lamps for both ranges of wavelengths as well as combinations of both are available.

While Radio Dabanga has a large audience in Sudan, the organization has been criticized by the Sudanese government in the past. The station has survived a number of government efforts to take TV Satellite and shortwave radio broadcasts off-air, including attempts at jamming and prosecution of reporters.

Mark Potok, spokesman for the Southern Poverty Law Center, notes that Cooper was well known within the militia movement for his anti-government shortwave radio program. Reportedly, Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh was a fan. The program, broadcast from 1993 to 2001, was titled The Hour of the Time.

World Telephone Numbering Guide Saint Helena and Tristan da Cunha Ascension Island has the calling code +247 and also has four-digit numbers on the island.World Telephone Numbering Guide Ascension Island Ascension Island also held an extensive broadcast facility for international shortwave transmissions to Africa and South America.

The eight-man staff at Isachsen usually consisted of four Americans and four Canadians. The Americans were usually two weather observers, a cook, and a mechanic. The Canadians were usually two weather observers and two radio operators. All communication to and from Isachsen Station was via shortwave radio radiotelegraphy.

Several broadcasters recorded some sports from Japan and flown over to their countries. TRANSPAC-1, the first trans-Pacific communications cable from Japan to Hawaii was also finished in June 1964 in time for these games. Before this, most communications from Japan to other countries were via shortwave.

The Inertia Variations features Johnson narrating John Tottenham's epic poetic cycle. "Midnight To Midnight includes interviews and soundscapes taken from Johnson's 12-hour UK Election Day Radio Cineola shortwave broadcast plus the electronic score from The Inertia Variations documentary," said a spokesperson for the band, speaking to The Quietus.

Founded in April 2013, Puntland TV and Radio broadcasts locally in Somali via terrestrial service. It also airs programs globally through satellite. Radio Puntland broadcasts internationally via shortwave, with its transmission reaching as far as Finland. Its standard programming includes general news, focusing on regional developments, sports and entertainment.

Thermotherapy increase the extensibility of collagen tissues. Using heat, it can relieve the stiffness in joints in different cases. Shortwave and Microwave heat application may reduce muscle spasms, and selective heating with microwaves can accelerate absorption of hematomas. This will, in turn, allow the stiff muscle to stretch.

These live, shortwave broadcasts relayed on CBS electrified radio audiences as news programming never had: previous war coverage had mostly been provided by newspaper reports, along with newsreels seen in movie theaters; earlier radio news programs had simply featured an announcer in a studio reading wire service reports.

WMLK (9.275 MHz) is a shortwave radio station in Bethel, Pennsylvania owned by the Assemblies of Yahweh. WMLK takes its name from MLK, representing the consonants of the Hebrew word "malak" (מַלְאָךְ) meaning a "messenger" or angel. A vocalisation of the word will also yield the definition salt.

The programmes of BBC Bangla are broadcast on FM radio, mediumwave and shortwave, their website and their internet radio and video services. BBC Bangla reaches 13,000,000 Bengali speaking people. Its radio and online services have listeners from many Bengali communities including those in Bangladesh, West Bengal, Tripura and Assam.

Since Radio Österreich International was closed, ORF started to broadcast the Ö1 station worldwide on shortwave, but in strongly reduced coverage and audio quality. Only one element from the old RÖI remained: the "Report from Austria". It replaces the normal Ö1 schedule at various times during the day.

Some control software designers have even integrated Google Earth to the shortwave databases, so it is possible to "fly" to a given transmitter site location with a click of a mouse. In many cases the user is able to see the transmitting antennas where the signal is originating from. Since the Graphical User Interface to the radio has considerable flexibility, new features can be added by the software designer. Features that can be found in advanced control software programs today include a band table, GUI controls corresponding to traditional radio controls, local time clock and a UTC clock, signal strength meter, a database for shortwave listening with lookup capability, scanning capability, or text- to-speech interface.

Although World Christian Broadcasting was formed in 1976, the idea came about 30 years earlier when Army Signal Corps officer Maurice Hall prepared shortwave transmitters for the Yalta Conference for use by President Franklin D. Roosevelt and his staff so they could keep up with news from Washington. Hall began to realize that if shortwave radio could transmit political news across long distances, it could also broadcast Gospel messages to large parts of the world. Dr. Lowell G. Perry, a communications professor at Abilene Christian University, served as the first president of World Christian Broadcasting. In 1977, Perry died in a plane crash as he and others sought a location for the station's transmitter.

In the United States, amateur radio AM activity can be found on mediumwave, MF and shortwave, HF frequencies (in MHz) which include 1.880-1.890, 3.885, 7.290, 14.286, 21.390, and 29.000-29.200, and feature swap nets that cater to interest in vintage AM equipment. AM operation has drawn interest from people outside the hobby, such as shortwave radio listeners using inexpensive receivers available to the public. While focused on simple technologies from the past, AMers may also mix state-of-the-art technology with their vintage interests, such as experimenting with synchronous detection to enable reception of AM signals free of static and fading. Conversations ("QSO"s in ham slang) are typically configured as "roundtables" consisting of several participants.

It was initially produced by CRCT in Toronto and carried on the CRBC's network including shortwave stations CRCX (Bowmanville), CJRO/CJRX (Winnipeg), and VE9DN (Drummondville, Quebec) - the shortwave stations would continue to broadcast the programme throughout the 1930s. When the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation was formed as the successor to the CRBC, the programme was continued by CBC Radio into the 1970s. During its first year, Canadian Northern Messenger relayed 1,754 messages, and would handle six times that many by its fourth year. CBC produced the programme out CBO in Ottawa in the 1930s, and then from its Winnipeg studio in the 1950s and early 1960s and finally from its Montreal studios beginning in 1965.

Of particular interest was intelligence on shipyards, airplane factories, and rocket-testing facilities. The mission was intended to last for 2 years, and called for information to be communicated to Germany by morse code radiotelegraphy using a shortwave radio transmitter the agents were expected to build. In the event they could not transmit by radio, they were to send the information via postal letters written in secret ink and addressed to a number of "mail drops", which included both American prisoners of war and intermediaries in Spain. It was thought that the agents would eventually build additional shortwave radio transmitters for use of other German agents sent to the United States in the future.

For these tests KDKA, in addition to its normal operation on 360 meters, transmitted on shortwave wavelengths from 80 to 100 meters (3750 to 3000 kHz), for local rebroadcasts on 360 meters by both KDPM and WBZ in East Springfield, Massachusetts."Is Short-wave Relaying a Step Toward National Broadcasting Stations?" by W. W. Rodgers, Radio Broadcast, June 1923, pages 119-122. During its time as a broadcasting station, almost all of KDPM's programming originated at KDKA. The shortwave relay used by KDPM was judged to be successful, however Westinghouse soon decided to move its relay target to the geographical center of the United States, and switched to a newly constructed station, KFKX in Hastings, Nebraska.

His research interests involve modeling of climate feedbacks that can either amplify or diminish global climate change, and interpreting surface and satellite remote sensing data. He has been a part of studies which have found problems with the ability of model the transmission of shortwave radiation through a cloud-free atmosphere, and designed an experiment to test the accuracy of the models. They reported that they found agreement between the models and the observations of clear-sky shortwave radiation at the surface for the period studied, 1985 to 1988. Cess was a lead author of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and worked with the National Science Foundation on understanding greenhouse warming and its associated policy implications.

During the mid-1980s, the RCA transmitters were replaced by three Harris transmitters. With the end of Radio Canada International's shortwave service in June 2012, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation tried to sell the Sackville transmitter complex to another international broadcaster or a wind-farm company. According to CBC transmission director Martin Marcotte, "[The Sackville complex] will be fairly costly to dismantle and as a last resort we would dismantle the facility, return it to bare land as it was when we first acquired that site.""RCI ends shortwave broadcast - Sackville, N.B. transmitters will be sold", CBC News, June 26, 2012 On October 30, the CRTC granted a CBC request to revoke CKCX's broadcast license effective November 1.

Both Heistek and Craven performed with the band Sackville. Heistek was also part of The Mile End Ladies String Auxiliary, Set Fire to Flames, HṚṢṬA, and Land of Kush. Craven was associated with Shortwave, HṚṢṬA, and formerly Thee Silver Mt. Zion Memorial Orchestra & Tra-La-La Band."Hangedup: Clatter for Control".

The island has a variety of communication systems including standard telephone and fax lines, a mobile network, and internet access. The old telex system still operates. Bequia has its own heavy-duty, long-range shortwave radio antenna. Many inhabitants use the marine VHF radio system on channel 68 for local communication.

STAR reporter Wellington Geevon Smith with U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice STAR radio is an FM radio station in the West African nation of Liberia. Founded in 1997, it is independent of the country's government. Headquartered in Monrovia, it broadcasts at the 104 FM frequency and via shortwave radio.

Mediumwave transmitters previously owned by the NBC were transferred to the individual state governments where the transmitters were located. At the same time, the states transferred shortwave transmitters to the FRCN. In 1996, VON installed three high power transmitters at its Ikorodu transmitter site, allowing worldwide transmissions for the first time.

In 1927 AT&T; had demonstrated a system that sent television images and sound over telephone lines. The General Electric Research Laboratory in Schenectady NY was sending experimental television over their shortwave radio station in early 1928. General Electric Television Demonstration. Westinghouse had a system that would broadcast motion pictures.

SOH Network radio programs are primarily in Chinese (Mandarin and Cantonese). SOH also offers a small English service called America Daily. SOH is headquartered in San Francisco, California, and has two main operations. One serves Chinese Americans in the U.S. via AM/FM and the other serves China via shortwave radio.

The China radio broadcasts to mainland China through more than 100 shortwave stations. Programs of SOH can also be listened to via online streaming and mobile apps. SOH also produces YouTube video programs. The YouTube channel 江峰时刻 had more than half a million subscribers as of 2020.

For this, a new quadrant-antenna was installed for transmissions to Europe.Quadrant-Antenna (omnidirectional for 6 and 7 MHz) to serve central Europe. In the background are the main towers of the Wertachtal shortwave transmitter site.Other broadcasters using the site included Adventist World Radio from 1996, et Family Radio from 2001.

It operated as many as five shortwave radio stations, using the call signs WLWK, WLWL, WLWO, WLWR and WLWS. Many of these stations were later incorporated into the Voice of America. Crosley operated the facilities for the government until 1963. In 1945, the Crosley interests were purchased by Aviation Corporation.

Thenardite crystallizes in the orthorhombic system and often forms yellowish, reddish to gray white prismatic crystals although usually in massive crust deposits. Thenardite is fluorescent, white in shortwave and yellow-green in longwave UV radiation. In humid conditions, thenardite gradually absorbs water and converts to the mineral mirabilite, Na2SO4·10H2O.

Another member of his group, the pathologist Beck Weathers, is already severely weakened. Because his eyes cause him problems, he has given up and waits for the return of the two. 1\. Prologue: "Is this how it ends?". At the beginning only the crackling of the shortwave receiver can be heard.

Strontianite is almost always fluorescent. It fluoresces bright yellowish white under shortwave, mediumwave and longwave ultraviolet radiation. If the luminescence persists after the ultraviolet source is switched off the sample is said to be phosphorescent. Most strontianite phosphoresces a strong, medium duration, yellowish white after exposure to all three wavelengths.

QSL card of John Kraus sent to shortwave listener, 1933 Kraus was born in 1910 in Ann Arbor, Michigan. He received his Ph.D. in physics from the University of Michigan in 1933. In addition to his professional achievements, he also contributed to amateur radio. His father was scientist Edward Henry Kraus.

In Brazil, radio and TV stations are identified by a ZY, a third letter and three numbers. ZYA, ZYB, ZYR, and ZYT are allocated to television stations; ZYI, ZYJ, ZYK and ZYL designate AM stations; ZYG is used for shortwave stations; ZYC, ZYD, ZYM and ZYU are given to FM stations.

Gordon became a typhoon on the morning of August 28. By early on August 30, the cyclone reached its maximum intensity. A building ridge to its north directed Gordon westward until September 3, when its motion slowed. A shortwave trough deepened to its northwest, and the cyclone turned northward in response.

As of 2014, Azerbaijan has 9 AM stations, 17 FM stations, and one shortwave station. Additionally, there are approximately 4,350,000 radios in existence. Primary network provider is the Ministry of Communications and Information Technologies of Azerbaijan (MCIT). According to MCIT, the FM radio penetration rate is 97% according to 2014 data.

He developed the shortwave radio "Sweetheart". He was hired as a technical consultant for the Norwegian High Command after the war. In 1947 he started the company Simonsen Radio in Oslo, and in 1957 the company Simonsen & Mustad followed in Horten. He received initial capital from Halfdan and John Mustad.

Welcome sign at KNLS compound KNLS is an international shortwave radio station near Anchor Point, Alaska, United States. The station is operated by World Christian Broadcasting, a non-profit company based in the United States. KNLS broadcasts 20 hours a day of Christian-themed programming in Chinese, English and Russian.

The domestic channels are broadcast on FM and AM frequencies. Radio Bulgaria broadcasts principally on shortwave plus one medium-wave frequency. All stations are also available online. On 26 May 2008, RPTS of Kostinbrod in Bulgaria started the country's first regular broadcasts in digital format, using Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM).

East of Biblis is found a transmission facility used by the American shortwave overseas broadcaster Radio Free Europe with antenna masts up to 125 m tall which bear the “curtain” antennae. Near Nordheim, three parallel high-voltage network overhead transmission lines cross the Rhine on pylons up to 103 m tall.

At its height, the Voice of America Jazz Hour was listened to by up to 30 million people. Although the Voice of America was prohibited from broadcasting in the United States by the Smith-Mundt Act, the shortwave signal was receivable in the US and had a sizable USA audience.

Shortwave radio transmission were tested the same year, but proved no higher quality.Espeli: 179 The following year the Telegraphy Administration introduced high frequency transmission lines between Oslo and the radio transmitters. This was in part financed through a NOK 2-million grant from the state and NOK 230,000 in annual subscription fees.

Other participants included the Louisiana Network and independent stations KLCL in Lake Charles and KJEF in Jennings. It eventually included stations broadcasting in Louisiana, Texas, Alabama, Mississippi and Florida. It also broadcast over the Internet and on a few shortwave frequencies. United Radio Broadcasters of New Orleans was disbanded on November 4, 2005.

The shortwave outlet was intended to serve coastal communities that had no existing AM service, in particular Queen Charlotte Islands and upper Vancouver Island. A 10-watt transmitter (output power) and new antenna sent the CKFX signal in a north westerly direction. CKFX operated in the 49-metre band at 6.08 MHz.

221–222; Smith, p. 129; Griffith, pp. 129–130. In Tasimboko, Edson's troops discovered Kawaguchi's main supply depot, including large stockpiles of food, ammunition, medical supplies, and a powerful shortwave radio. After destroying everything in sight, except for some documents and equipment carried back with them, the Marines returned to the Lunga perimeter.

The errors were reported by Bergling to Moscow who called them back home. To get in touch with the Soviets he wrote letters with "invisible writing", which was done with the help of carbon paper. The writings were then presented with a special liquid. He got messages back using a shortwave radio.

Unusually heavy rains spread across the Colorado River Valley to western Arizona ahead of an approaching shortwave trough, with a maximum of falling in Truxton, Arizona. Across the state, seven stations set 24-hour rainfall records between September 4–6, while the storm's rains would contribute to the rainiest September at 38 stations.

Berlin-Britz transmitter. Transmitter Berlin-Britz was a broadcasting facility for medium wave, shortwave and FM on the site of a former tree nursery in Berlin-Britz. It was established in 1946 and until 1993 it was the most important transmitter of RIAS. It was used by Deutschlandradio until 4 September 2013.

German broadcaster Deutsche Welle operated a shortwave and mediumwave relay station in Trincomalee, which was handed over to the Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation in 2013. It was not adversely affected by the tsunami of 2004 because of the sea terrain around Trincomalee. Deutsche Welle started broadcasting from Trincomalee Relay Station in 1984.

Early on October 27, a tropical wave developed into a tropical depression. The system strengthened into Tropical Storm Tanya later that day. Tanya initially tracked northeastward due to a shortwave trough, though an upper-level cyclone soon turned the storm toward eastward. Early on October 29, Tanya was upgraded to a hurricane.

After turning due west, Betty continued to intensify, although a Hurricane Hunter penetration later on November 1 indicated no eyewall. Early on November 2, synoptic data showed a shortwave trough moving off Asia. As such, the JTWC expected Betty to re-curve near the 125th meridian east. Instead, Typhoon Betty abruptly turned southwestward.

On 26 January 2007, he was interviewed by shortwave/Internet talk radio show The Right Perspective. It is believed to be one of the very few, if not the only, interviews Malan gave outside of South Africa. In 2006, he published an autobiography titled My Life With the SA Defence Force.Baines, Gary.

Amateur radio operators in many countries are allocated several shortwave bands for private, non-commercial use. Amateur radio is a communications service, educational tool and hobby. It is particularly useful in providing emergency communication where standard telecommunications infrastructure is compromised or nonexistent, such as a disaster area or remote region of the globe.

The novel's title is on one level a reference to Orff's preference for sitting up late at night listening to female classical singers on shortwave radio. During one of Orff's "conversations" with The Kraken, it tells him that Medusa is the only woman, or female archetype, to whom he can be truly faithful.

Radio Voice of the Gospel was the brainchild of Norwegian missionary Dr. Sigurd Aske. It had two '100 kW shortwave transmitters, which could reach much of Africa and Asia. It also had a medium wave transmitter serving Addis Ababa. It broadcast in English, French, and a number of African and Asian languages.

The Giuis-2 also interfered with ultra-shortwave radio reception. Korall radar-jammers were mounted on either side of the mainmast as well as a Machta system on the foremast. Solentse-1P infrared detectors were carried on either side of the superstructure. Fakel-MO and Fakel-MZ antenna comprised the IFF system.

CFGB-FM is a radio station broadcasting at 89.5 MHz (FM) from Happy Valley- Goose Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, and is the local Radio One station of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, serving as that network's primary outlet in Labrador. A shortwave relay, CKZN rebroadcasts CFGB's signal to remote areas of Labrador.

Public Cowboy No. 1 is a 1937 American Western film directed by Joseph Kane and starring Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, and Ann Rutherford. Based on a story by Bernard McConville, the film is about a singing cowboy who chases down rustlers who are using airplanes, shortwave radios, and refrigerated trucks to steal cattle.

In 1992, due to war operations in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, two transmitters were moved from the Bijeljina centre to the shortwave centre in Stubline. During the 1999 NATO bombing of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the main building of the Stubline transmission centre was destroyed, along with all transmitters.

The Soviet Union, Iran, Iraq and Myanmar/Burma have all jammed the BBC in the past. Mandarin was heavily jammed by the People's Republic of China until shortwave transmissions for that service ceased but China continues to jam transmissions in Uzbek and has since started to jam transmissions in English throughout Asia.

Radio Canada International's shortwave service was shut down in June 2012 due to Canadian Broadcasting Corporation budget cuts as a result of reduced federal subsidies. As a result the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation sought to sell the Sackville site to either another international broadcaster or a wind farm company. According to Martin Marcotte, director of CBC Transmission: "[The Sackville complex] will be fairly costly to dismantle and as a last resort we would dismantle the facility, return it to bare land as it was when we first acquired that site.""RCI ends shortwave broadcast - Sackville, N.B. transmitters will be sold", CBC News, June 26, 2012 The transmission site was officially closed on October 31, 2012, at the conclusion of several contracts leasing transmitter time to international broadcasters.

The shortwave signal was transmitted from Razorback, NSW at 1kw. Pulse FM's shortwave signal was regularly received in all states of Australia and parts of New Zealand clearly, and Pulse FM received regular signal reports from long distance reception enthusiasts across Europe and Northern America, who said they could pick up the station clearly. On 29 August 2018, Pulse FM dropped the "Kingborough and Huon" branding from its name, re-branding itself as "Pulse FM Tasmania", while still keeping a strong focus on the Kingborough and Huon region, which is its primary FM broadcast area. On 27 March 2019, Pulse FM rebranded to Pulse FM Hobart to broaden its focus area from the initial Kingborough and Huon region and to allow future expansion.

The music was shortened and a name change was also planned for the middle of 1981, with Media Network being the name suggested by Roger Broadbent, a colleague producer. Audience reactions suggested a demand for a new style of programme to be not just about when and on what frequency one could listen to a given station on shortwave, but also about why one should listen.Jonathan Marks on the history of Media Network 25th Anniversary vodcast (Copyright Critical Distance B.V.) During the early 1980s, a time when international telephony was still of a potentially mediocre sound quality (making it unsuitable for shortwave broadcasts), Media Network went against the established wisdom and made extensive use of the telephone. Calls were made to the show's various contributors.

ARTS. In addition the black-body radiation for a body at surface temperature Ts and at tropopause temperature Tmin is shown. Many applications call for calculation of long-wave radiation quantities: the balance of global incoming shortwave to outgoing long-wave radiative flux determines the Energy budget of Earth's climate; local radiative cooling by outgoing long-wave radiation (and heating by shortwave radiation) drive the temperature and dynamics of different parts of the atmosphere; from the radiance from a particular direction measured by an instrument, atmospheric properties (like temperature or humidity) can be retrieved. Calculations of these quantities solve the radiative transfer equations that describe radiation in the atmosphere. Usually the solution is done numerically by an Atmospheric radiative transfer code adapted to the specific problem.

In late 1934, the Tizard Committee asked radio expert Robert Watson-Watt to comment on the repeated claims of radio death rays and reports suggesting Germany had built some sort of radio weapon. His assistant, Arnold Wilkins, demonstrated that a death ray was impossible but suggested radio could be used for long-range detection. In February 1935, a demonstration was arranged by placing a receiver near a BBC shortwave transmitter and flying an aircraft around the area; an oscilloscope connected to the receiver showed a pattern from the aircraft's reflection. Funding quickly followed. Using commercial shortwave radio hardware, Watt's team quickly built a prototype pulsed transmitter, and on 17 June 1935 it successfully measured the angle and range of an aircraft that happened to be flying by.

The Conet Project: Recordings of Shortwave Numbers Stations is a four (later five) CD set of recordings of numbers stations and noise stations: shortwave (HF) radio stations of unknown origin believed to be operated by government agencies to communicate with deployed spies. The collection is released by Britain's Irdial-Discs record label in 1997, based on the work of numbers station enthusiast Akin Fernandez. The project's name comes from a mishearing of the Czech word konec, or "end", which marks the end of transmissions on the Czech numbers station. In keeping with its "free music philosophy", the Irdial-Discs label made the entire collection available for free to download as a collection of MP3 files (along with a PDF version of the included booklet).

U.S. Navy Relocatable Over-the-Horizon Radar station The most common type of OTH radar uses skywave or "skip" propagation, in which shortwave radio waves are refracted off an ionized layer in the atmosphere, the ionosphere. Given certain conditions in the atmosphere, radio signals transmitted at an angle into the sky will be refracted towards the ground by the ionosphere, allowing them to return to earth beyond the horizon. A small amount of this signal will be scattered off desired targets back towards the sky, refracted off the ionosphere again, and return to the receiving antenna by the same path. Only one range of frequencies regularly exhibits this behaviour: the high frequency (HF) or shortwave part of the spectrum from 3–30 MHz.

Although few numbers stations have been tracked down by location, the technology used to transmit the numbers has historically been clear—stock shortwave transmitters using powers from 10kW to 100kW. Amplitude modulated (AM) transmitters with optionally–variable frequency, using class-C power output stages with plate modulation, are the workhorses of international shortwave broadcasting, including numbers stations. Application of spectrum analysis to numbers station signals has revealed the presence of data bursts, radioteletype-modulated subcarriers, phase-shifted carriers, and other unusual transmitter modulations like polytones. (RTTY-modulated subcarriers were also present on some U.S. commercial radio transmissions during the Cold War.) The frequently reported use of high-tech modulations like data bursts, in combination or in sequence with spoken numbers, suggests varying transmissions for differing intelligence operations.

In 1915, Robert Watson-Watt used radio technology to provide advance warning to airmen and during the 1920s went on to lead the U.K. research establishment to make many advances using radio techniques, including the probing of the ionosphere and the detection of lightning at long distances. Through his lightning experiments, Watson-Watt became an expert on the use of radio direction finding before turning his inquiry to shortwave transmission. Requiring a suitable receiver for such studies, he told the "new boy" Arnold Frederic Wilkins to conduct an extensive review of available shortwave units. Wilkins would select a General Post Office model after noting its manual's description of a "fading" effect (the common term for interference at the time) when aircraft flew overhead.

A strong shortwave trough on the base of the synoptic feature was expected to phase with a second shortwave over Utah, collectively progressing across the northern and central Plains throughout March 6\. The northern half of the trough, meanwhile, was expected to evolve into a closed low in the middle levels of the atmosphere as it lifted into The Dakotas and then on up to southern Canada. At the surface, a rapidly-deepening area of low pressure (expected to fall to near by 00:00 UTC on March 7) was noted across South Dakota, with a cold front extending southward into New Mexico and a warm front extending eastward into the Great Lakes region. A dry line extended from central South Dakota down to northern Mexico.

Apex radio stations (also known as skyscraper and pinnacle) was the name commonly given to a short-lived group of United States broadcasting stations, which were used to evaluate transmitting on frequencies that were much higher than the ones used by standard amplitude modulation (AM) and shortwave stations. Their name came from the tall height of their transmitter antennas, which were needed because coverage was primarily limited to local line-of- sight distances. These stations were assigned to what at the time were described as "ultra-high shortwave" frequencies, between roughly 25 and 44 MHz. They employed amplitude modulation (AM) transmissions, although in most cases using a wider bandwidth than standard broadcast band AM stations, in order to provide high fidelity sound with less static and distortion.

Dr. Wilder Penfield, with a grant from the US Rockefeller Foundation founded the Montreal Neurological Institute at the Royal Victoria Hospital (Montreal), in 1934 to study and treat epilepsy and other neurological diseases. Research into the design of nuclear weapons was conducted at the Montreal Laboratory of the National Research Council of Canada during World War II. In the post-war years Canada formalized its wartime shortwave radio broadcasting activities with the creation of Radio Canada International. In 1945, this international radio broadcasting service was established with production facilities in Montreal and a huge shortwave transmitter site at Sackville, New Brunswick. Television was introduced to Canada by CBC, first in the French language by CBFT in Montreal on 6 September 1952.

WEWN is the shortwave radio outlet of the EWTN, a large Catholic international broadcaster. It was launched by Mother Angelica on December 28, 1992. The station broadcasts from the city of Irondale, Alabama, on the outskirts of Birmingham. There are four transmitters capable of 500 kilowatts each, but are run no higher than 250 kW.

The remaining transmitters for mediumwave, shortwave and longwave were shut down between 1992 and 1999 and the whole area was transformed into a museum, which is marked by the 210-metre-high mast. For mobile phone services and low power FM broadcasting, a 67-metre-high free-standing tower of concrete was built in 1994.

Over the years the Protestant denomination has shown a commitment to mission which includes a worldwide humanitarian work, and international volunteer program, satellite television and shortwave radio blanketing the globe, an extensive publishing program, thousands of schools, a large network of hospitals and clinics, the Global Mission pioneer program, and hundreds of cross-cultural missionaries.

With 24 and 30 line systems, only about 10 kHz of bandwidth was needed, so standard radio channels could be used. Some stations also broadcast in the shortwave band. Beginning in 1930, the 2-3 Mc. band was used for television, with 100 kHz channel width. 60 line systems required about 40 kHz of bandwidth.

Dario Viganò has indicated that he plans to pare down short-wave radio operations and institute cost control measures in the service's other broadcast operations. On 24 March 2017, Vatican Radio made its final English-language shortwave transmission to Asia after 59 years of service. Vatican Radio's English Service for Asia has then continued online.

However, the Kurmuk station went off-air in 2011 following outbreak of fighting in Blue Nile State. Radio Tamazuj operates on shortwave during morning and evening time slots only, broadcasting in local dialect Arabic. BBC World Service operates FM relay transmitters in Juba, Wau and Malakal. BBC Arabic can be heard on 90.0 MHz.

Currently retired from his post in the Israel Broadcasting Authority, he continues to host his radio program. Amir hosts a daily 1.5 hour radio program in Persian,Persian-Israeli radio makes waves, Ynet. which is broadcast every evening to Iran on shortwave radio.Israel's defence establishment is looking east with concern, BBC, 11 August 2004.

Area Handbook for Burundi, Foreign Area Studies, The American University, 1969. p. 90 Radio Cordac went off the air in 1977 when the Burundi government decided to stop private radio stations and only allow government stations.PDF document on African Shortwave stations The president at the time, decided no western missionaries could stay in the country.

In the 1920s the development of vacuum tube machines allowed frequencies to be increased to 10 - 300 MHz, called "shortwave" diathermy. The energy was applied to the body with inductive coils of wire or capacitive plates insulated from the body, which reduced the risk of burns. By the 1940s microwaves were being used experimentally.

The RNZ Pacific network (known outside New Zealand as RNZ International, or RNZI) broadcasts on shortwave and via Digital Radio Mondiale to New Zealand's neighbouring countries in the Pacific from transmitters located at Rangitaiki, near Taupo, in the North Island. There also is a relay via WRN Broadcast and a livestream on the internet.

After the war, the U.S. military briefly ran a station, operated by the Mosquito Radio Network. Shortwave radio broadcasting in the British Solomon Islands began in 1956. The Solomon Islands Broadcasting Corporation was founded in 1976, replacing the Solomon Islands Broadcasting System (SIBS). It began the first television service on the islands in 1992.

Agriculture is Delano's major industry. The area is particularly well known as a center for the growing of table grapes. Delano is also home to two California state prisons, North Kern State Prison and Kern Valley State Prison. The Voice of America once operated its largest, most powerful shortwave broadcast facility outside Delano at .

In February 2017, it was announced that CKZU was unlikely to return to shortwave. The CBC stated that the transmitter was in a state of disrepair with no replacement parts available due to aging equipment. Purchasing a new transmitter would be too costly due to the minimal number of listeners who tune into the facility.

From 1942 Ferré performed his secondary studies at the Collège Saint-Stanislas in Poitiers, a Jesuit school. After his baccalaureate, he undertook mathélem, then studied in the École spéciale de mécanique et d'électricité. He did not finish his studies. Towards the end of 1945, he constructed a shortwave transceiver with double frequency change and lamps.

Wahlern hamlet The municipality is called Wahlern, although the chief settlement shares the name of the administrative district, Schwarzenburg. It is known as one of the transmitters of the shortwave radio station Schweizer Radio International. Other settlements in the municipality include Lanzenhäusern and Steinenbrünnen. Wahlern lies in the Alpenvorland south of the Sense River.

These two effects are usually > referred to as the SW (shortwave) and LW (longwave) components of the cloud > radiative forcing (CRF). The balance between these two components depends on > many factors, including macrophysical and microphysical cloud properties. In > the current climate, clouds exert a cooling effect on climate (the global > mean CRF is negative).

Telephone satellite earth stations include 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat. Medarabtel is the regional microwave radio relay telephone network. Radio Television of Djibouti is the state-owned national broadcaster. It operates the sole terrestrial TV station, as well as the two domestic radio networks on AM 1, FM 2, and shortwave 0.

From October 1940, ZOW sent numerous reports about the camp and its means of genocide to Polish resistance's Home Army Headquarters in Warsaw. ZOW's first report reached the Polish resistance in November 1940. A shortwave transmitter hidden in Block 11 also sent information directly to the Polish government-in- exile in London.Rubeigh James Minney.

It is a much slower method of still picture transmission, usually taking from about eight seconds to a couple of minutes, depending on the mode used, to transmit one image frame. Since SSTV systems operate on voice frequencies, amateurs use it on shortwave (also known as HF by amateur radio operators), VHF and UHF radio.

When Hammarlund- Roberts went out of business in 1931, Hammarlund Mfg. Co., Inc. entered into the shortwave receiver market with the introduction of the "Comet Pro", the first commercial short wave superheterodyne receiver. Professional listening post installations made great use of the Comet Pro, and it was used also on many major exploration expeditions.

It was later painted green (rather than white) to reduce its obtrusiveness. Shortwave aerials in front of the house were removed. In the 1980s, the formal name of the service was shortened to "BBC Monitoring". In 2016 it was announced that BBC Monitoring would move to London with the loss of a number of jobs.

They are constructed to be sensitive to the infra-red radiation spectrum that extends approximately from 4.5 μm to 100 μm, thus excluding the main shortwave (solar) spectrum. Since the mean free path of IR radiation in the atmosphere is ~25 meters, this device typically measures IR flux in the nearest 25 meter layer.

His earliest recorded audio experiments were also made at this time, including work with Michael LeDonne-Bhennet, McCarthy, Recchion and Nilsen. His first solo LP Organic was released in 1979. His first solo recordings with shortwave radio were released in 1982 on the EP Creed which also included the complete broadcast of Happy Homes.

At 6:00 a.m. CST (12:00 UTC) on December 18, 1957, a vigorous shortwave trough entered the Great Plains with a cold front moving east across Oklahoma and Kansas. A dissipating stationary front over Oklahoma underwent frontolysis and later redeveloped as a warm front which extended across central Illinois. By 3:00 p.m.

A HAARP QSL card for the 40 meter moonbounce experiment in January 2008 Standard frequency and time stations, such as WWV, will also send QSL cards in response to listeners reports. Other shortwave utility stations, such as marine and aviation weather broadcasters, may QSL, as do some pirate radio stations, usually through mail drop boxes.

Both Radio One transmitters broadcast 1 kW Effective radiated power. These shortwave relays could be difficult to receive, due to increased terrestrial noise from electrical and electronic systems. Also, nighttime broadcasting on 9.625 MHz is difficult due to interference from Radio Exterior de España, which uses that frequency at night for transmission to North America.

A modern parallel to ancient miners seeking luminous gems at nighttime is mineworkers using portable shortwave ultraviolet lamps to locate ores that respond with color-specific fluorescence. For instance, under short-wave UV light, scheelite, a tungsten ore, fluoresces a bright sky-blue, and willemite, a minor ore of zinc, fluoresces green (Ball 1938: 501).

After these AM transmitters became unserviceable, a Canadian Nautel 10 kW AM transmitter was installed. A shortwave transmitter was used briefly on 6240 KHz but this was abandoned due to interference problems. The 20 kW FM transmitter installed in Israel was manufactured by Harris. This, with the antenna array, delivered around 80 kW ERP (Effective Radiated Power) of stereo.

WNYW (Radio New York Worldwide) was a shortwave radio station that broadcast from Scituate, Massachusetts, in the United States. During WWII the station became important for the British and the Norwegian information services. On October 20, 1973, Family Stations, Inc., acquired the station to be part of its Family Radio network and changed the call letters to WYFR.

All the BBC’s transmitting facilities were privatised in the 1990s. The shortwave sites were sold to Merlin Communications, which was acquired by VT Group plc trading under the name VT Communications until acquired by Babcock International Group in March 2010. Subsequently, Babcock's Media Services was acquired by global technology services company Encompass Digital Media in September 2018.

Wang Jinlong (; born March 1963) is a Chinese scientist and educator in the fields of shortwave communication. He has been President of the PLA Ground Force Engineering University since September 2015, and formerly served as Vice-President of PLA Information Engineering University. He holds the rank of major general (shao jiang) in the People's Liberation Army (PLA).

The next month the frequency was changed to 1594 kHz, and a number of shortwave frequencies were authorized. The call sign was changed to W5XA. The station officially went on the air on January 11, 1932 with both audio and video transmissions. The audio was transmitted on 1594 kHz and the video on the 160 meter amateur radio band.

C. Crane Skywave SSB Battery Operated Portable Travel Radio AM, FM, Shortwave, NOAA Weather Alert, Scannable VHF Aviation Band and Single Side Bands C. Crane is an American electronics retailer based in Fortuna, California. The company mainly deals in specialty radio and lighting equipment and is best known for its GeoBulb line of LED light bulbs.

In the case of the Broadcasting Services of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, both governmental and religious programming is provided. Stations also broadcast to international audiences for cultural reasons. Often a station has an official mandate to keep expatriates in touch with the home country. Many broadcasters often relay their national domestic service on shortwave for that reason.

RTBF International was the Belgian (Wallonia) and (Brussels) international radio station owned by RTBF, available in Europe and Central Africa via satellite and online. On 26 June 2006, RTBF International began broadcasting in FM in Kinshasa on 99.2 MHz. RTBF ceased its shortwave service on December 31, 2009. Around July 2019, the radio station seemed to have ceased operations.

During the day the ionosphere only weakly reflects shortwave signals, and LORAN was usable at using the groundwaves. At night these signals were suppressed and the range dropped to . At night the skywaves became useful for measurements, which extended the effective range to . At long ranges the hyperbolic lines approximate straight lines radiating from the center of the baseline.

Initially, Feba Radio (UK) was an idea initiated by Douglas Malton and John Wheatley who, together with other individuals in UK, were interested in supporting what FEBC-USA was doing. FEBC-USA had difficulty reaching audiences in North India and identified Seychelles as a promising location to build an international shortwave transmitting station for this purpose.

SITOR is used commonly on shortwave bands, where it is used to transmit maritime-related information such as weather forecasts and storm warnings. SITOR-B is used for narrow-band direct printing (NBDP). NAVTEX marine weather and safety messages are broadcast using SITOR-B. The NAVTEX messages have a specific format that is interpreted by NAVTEX receivers.

Flavius Jankauskas, age 16, with his shortwave receiver in 1942. Some of these belonged to clubs such as “SWAM”, the Short-Wave Amateur Monitors Club, a group of listeners organized by Mrs. Ruby Yant of Lima, Ohio. Yant assigned each member a specific night of the week to monitor so that no messages would be missed.

The practice of monitoring POW broadcasts sometimes provoked the U.S. government to react strongly against individual listeners. Spahr documents a number of cases, among them, John R. Fike, of Omaha, Nebraska. Fike sent a letter to Martha Spahr on May 9, 1943. Shortly after, the FBI investigated Fike's shortwave radio listening and accused him of being a German spy.

However, Colonel Green continued his extensive support of groundbreaking scientific work. The radio laboratory was used to explore shortwave phenomena, and provided communication with the Byrd Antarctic Expedition of 1928-30. In addition, both an airfield and dirigible hangar were built on the estate grounds."A Patron of Sciences", Popular Science Monthly, October 1929, pages 148-149.

Wavre is the location of the Wavre Transmitter, a broadcasting facility for shortwave, medium wave, FM and TV of the Belgian broadcasting society. As aerial for medium wave a guyed steel framework mast is used. It is the third tallest structure in Belgium. The aerials for FM and TV are on a free standing lattice tower.

"Canadian Troops in UK Soon Will Hear Own Shows", Canadian Press, Evening Citizen, July 28, 1945, page 2 The station, which transmitted programs to Canadian Forces stationed in Europe after World War II, was established with the cooperation of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and the BBC and augmented broadcasts by the CBC International Service on shortwave from Canada.

They purchased a used General Electric broadcast radio receiver which Gimpel intended to convert to an 80 watt shortwave radio transmitter by modifying it with additional electronic components, however there is no evidence this was ever accomplished.David Kahn. Hitler's Spies: German Military Intelligence In World War II. Perseus Books Group; 14 July 2000. . p. 20–.Robert A. Miller.

Stubline transmitter is a broadcasting facility for mediumwave and shortwave near Zvečka, Serbia. The mediumwave transmitter broadcast on 684 kHz and, until its destruction on May 30, 1999, it was one of the strongest in Europe having used 2000 kilowatts of power. The station was rebuilt with a 225.5 metres tall mast, but nowadays uses less power.

World Harvest Radio International (WHRI) is a shortwave radio station in the United States, broadcasting conservative religious programming worldwide in the English language on a number of frequencies. Part of the Family Broadcasting Corporation Christian broadcasting group, WHRI is based in Cypress Creek, South Carolina, with programs for audiences in Asia broadcast from T8WH in Palau.

In 1936, Radio Educación, which had briefly carried the callsign XEXM, was transferred to the Autonomous Department of Press and Propaganda (DAPP), which would operate it as a governmental station. On March 15, 1937, XEXM became XEDP. Two years later, the DAPP was dissolved, with XEDP and its shortwave counterpart XEXA becoming "Radio Gobernación", with a decidedly political tone.

The 1L6 is a 7 pin miniature vacuum tube of the pentagrid converter type. It was developed in the United States by Sylvania. It is very similar electrically to its predecessors, the Loktal-based 1LA6 and 1LC6. Released in 1949 for the Zenith Trans-Oceanic shortwave portable radio, this tube was in commercial production until the early 1960s .

Rádio Clube do Mindelo was a local radio station in Cape Verde broadcasting in the Portuguese language. A shortwave station (CR4AB), it could be heard 7092kc, and later 4719kc. The station served Mindelo as well as a part of the entire Barlavento island group including Santo Antão, São Vicente and São Nicolau. It was renamed Barlavento Radio in 1955.

Because of widespread availability of internet links providing higher audio quality and more flexibility, shortwave broadcasts by RNW-Bonaire were discontinued and at the end of October 2012, the radio station was closed and installations dismantled. Bonaire has two island radio stations that broadcast general information: Bon FM and Radiodifucion Boneriano. The language spoken for both is Papiamento.

Upon retiring in 1980 he devoted time to the National Cancer Society. He was inducted into the Georgia Broadcasters Hall of Fame in 1997. Heald was the voice of the National Bureau of Standards atomic clock broadcast on shortwave station WWV from May 1955 until August 13, 1991. He is also credited for being the voice of the Audichron.

Meyer was awarded a tribute on March 21, 2004 for over 40 years of dedication and fortitude, to send the message of the ministry out in to the world. Meyer served as board member of the National Association of Shortwave Broadcasting, and was nominated as township constable in Philadelphia, a position which he had not sought.

As of 2020, two of WTWW's three transmitters carry religious programming from Scriptures for America, consisting of re-enactments of Bible narratives and the Christian radio drama Unshackled!. The other transmitter, which operates only during evening hours, operates as an oldies station, making WTWW a rare example of a shortwave station carrying a secular music radio format.

Satellite towers in Zamboanga City In 2004, the Philippines had 225 television stations, 369 AM radio broadcast stations, 583 FM radio broadcast stations, 10 internet radio stations, 5 shortwave stations and 7 million newspapers in circulation.Philippines country profile. Library of Congress Federal Research Division (March 2006). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

The next month Westinghouse arranged to have the callsign of an experimental station in East Pittsburgh changed from 8XAU to 8XK, and the historic call began to be heard worldwide, conducting shortwave transmission tests. In 1928, Conrad demonstrated a movie-film-to-television converter at Westinghouse, and he also did research in narrow-band FM transmissions.

It is not known if it had been broadcasting before this. The rest of the SLBS's facilities fell into disrepair. From 1999 on-wards, the UK's Department For International Development renovated the radio services including the Goderich shortwave station. The Goderich station transmitted for a year before part of the antenna system was destroyed by lightning in June 2002.

These early transmissions were longwave, so called due to the long wavelength. Frequencies, and corresponding wavelengths, from to were used. These transmissions required special equipment such as the installation at Wilson Hall to receive them. By the 1930s it had become common to use a simple and inexpensive shortwave radio of the kind used to receive broadcast programs.

Wertachtal has three arms of HRS type antennas spaced at about 120 degrees, allowing for near-360-degree global coverage. The Sackville site was built in 1938 for local CBC broadcasting over CBA. Five years later, two RCA shortwave transmitters were installed. In 1970, all CBC operations moved to Moncton, New Brunswick for the installation of new Collins transmitters.

In 2011, under pressure from Chinese authorities, the Vietnamese government tried two Falun Gong practitioners who had been operating a shortwave radio station and broadcasting information into China. The pair was charged with unlicensed broadcasting, and sentenced to 2 and 3 years in prison.Freedom House, ‘Freedom House Condemns Prison Sentences for Vietnamese Broadcasters’ 10 November 2011.

As with neodymium glasses, such minerals change their colors under the differing lighting conditions. The absorption bands of neodymium interact with the visible emission spectrum of mercury vapor, with the unfiltered shortwave UV light causing neodymium- containing minerals to reflect a distinctive green color. This can be observed with monazite-containing sands or bastnäsite-containing ore.

Radio Exterior (REE) is a Spanish international radio station operated by Radio Nacional de España and founded in 1942. The station is primarily intended for Spaniards living abroad. It broadcasts 24-hours a day on satellite and the Internet but for limited hours on shortwave. Transmissions are in Spanish, French, Arabic, Ladino, Portuguese, Russian and English.

Although Weiner made further attempts to use ships to restart Radio Newyork International, these plans did not succeed. For a time he contracted with licensed US shortwave station WWCR in Tennessee to carry Radio Newyork International as a paid program. In 1990 and 1991, there were also RNI programs carried on WRNO and Radio for Peace International.

The longer wavelengths have the advantage of diffracting more, and so line of sight is not as necessary to obtain a good signal. Because the frequencies that cell phones use are too high to reflect off the ionosphere as shortwave radio waves do, cell phone waves cannot travel via the ionosphere. (See Diffraction and Attenuation for more details).

The nearby village of Porto Covo attracts many tourists owing to its coastline and the well-preserved historical buildings. There is a large shortwave broadcasting station at Sines. The most remarkable antenna towers are the rotatable towers looking like a big "V". . It was used by Deutsche Welle and was switched off on November 1, 2011.

NBC also had a chain of shortwave stations, called the "NBC White Network", in the 1930s. In 1941, the Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) Report on Chain BroadcastingFederal Communications Commission: Report on Chain Broadcasting (May 1941). reviewed the alleged monopolistic practices of the radio networks. The FCC was concerned NBC Red and NBC Blue were anti-competitive.

CFFB began operation in Frobisher Bay, now Iqaluit, on February 6, 1961. The service consisted of local programming in Inuktitut, English and French, and news and other programs from the CBC network received via shortwave. With the advent of the Anik series of satellites, Inuktitut and English radio programming from CFFB became accessible in most Eastern Arctic communities.

Radio Belarus has broadcast on the international shortwave bands since 11 May 1962. Originally the programs were broadcast in Belarusian. In 1985, broadcasting in German was launched, and in 1998 they began broadcasting Russian and English versions. Since 2006 the radio has started broadcasting in Polish, while 2010 saw the launch of French and Spanish language programming.

Jerome S. Berg, The Early Shortwave Stations: A Broadcasting History Through 1945. McFarland, 2013: 158. Not long after Cárdenas was replaced by Miguel Alemán, XEFO was sold in 1941 to Francisco Aguirre Jiménez, who changed the callsign to XEQR-AM and used it to launch what became Grupo Radio Centro—which would end up buying Radio Red in 1994.

Autodefensas have been known to communicate by telephone with radios and shortwave radios. The "gabacha" is a radio transmitter and receiver they use to communicate among themselves and, as they also pick up signals from enemy groups, to spy on the posters that also use this device. The most popular name for the device is "el escaner".

Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria Kaduna, formerly known as Radio Kaduna, was founded in 1962. It now has the largest radio listenership in sub-Saharan Africa. The station broadcasts in Hausa English, Nupe and Kanuri. The Hausa programme can be heard in Kaduna state and worldwide on 6090 kHz shortwave, and the English programme on 4770 kHz.

Radio Österreich International (RÖI) (Austrian Radio International) was an international radio station broadcast by ORF. RÖI was launched in 1955 by order of the Federal Chancellery, to increase awareness of Austria in other countries. The radio station was broadcast worldwide on various shortwave frequencies. At the end of the 1990s, it was also broadcast on Astra Digital Radio.

Radio broadcast stations: AM 190, FM 88, shortwave 24 (1999) Radios: 120.5 million (1997) Television broadcast stations: 7,108 (plus 441 repeaters; note – in addition, US Forces are served by 3 TV stations and 2 TV cable services) (1999) Televisions: 86.5 million (1997) Amateur radio: 446,602 licensed stations as of October 2011. See Amateur radio call signs of Japan.

On July 28, 1938,Fernando Mejía Barquera, Historia mínima de la radio en México the UASLP's radio efforts began with the sign-on of XEXQ-AM, the second university broadcaster in Mexico. Only a year prior, XEXX-AM in Mexico City, the station of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. The original station, licensed for 1250 kHz with a power of 50 watts, began formal transmissions the next day with programming from 1 to 3 pm and 6 to 8 pm, Monday through Saturday."Radio Universidad XEXQ am 1190khz 75 años al aire", Emsavalles 27 July 2013 The new AM radio station came with a shortwave counterpart, also XEXQ, on 6045 kHz, which by the 1950s was one of 16 shortwave radio stations in Mexico and is still in operation.

Roeder also disclosed blueprints of the complete radio instrumentation of the new Glenn Martin bomber, classified drawings of range finders, blind-flying instruments, a bank-and- turn indicator, a navigator compass, a wiring diagram of the Lockheed Hudson bomber, and diagrams of the Hudson gun mountings. Ritter employed several other successful agents across the U.S., but he also made the mistake of recruiting a man who would later become a double agent, William Sebold. On 8 February 1940, Ritter sent Sebold to New York under the alias of Harry Sawyer and instructed him to set up a shortwave radio-transmitting station to establish contact with the German shortwave station abroad. Sebold was also instructed to use the code name TRAMP and to contact a fellow agent code named DUNN, Fritz Duquesne.

The voice of a woman repeating words and numbers in German during "Even the Waves" is from a famous numbers station broadcast on shortwave frequencies. "S.O.S." was one of the first songs Moore wrote for the album. The spoken sample is of a German man Moore met in Santa Fe who described his experiences of hitch-hiking from LA to Santa Fe.

McNicol, Donald (1946) Radio's Conquest of Space, p. 336-340 Convenience features like large lighted dials, tone controls, pushbutton tuning, tuning indicators and automatic gain control (AGC) were added. The receiver market was divided into the above broadcast receivers and communications receivers, which were used for two-way radio communications such as shortwave radio. Terman, Frederick E. (1943) Radio Engineers' Handbook, p.

The ChinaSat 6B satellite was manufactured by Thales Alenia Space, based on the Spacebus 4000C2 platform. It has 38 transponders, and is being used for TV transmissions and shortwave jamming across China, Southeast Asia, the Pacific and Oceania. It has a planned useful life of 15 years. The launch, on a Long March 3B rocket, was successfully conducted on 5 July 2007.

He makes occasional Sunday broadcasts for the radio station The Mighty KBC on 6095 kHz (49m shortwave) in Europe. On 14 August 2017, Emperor Rosko made a special guest broadcast on Radio Caroline to mark the 50th Anniversary of the Marine Offences Act 1967. In 2018, Rosko joined the line-up for the new United DJs DAB and online radio station.

The W2XCW callsign disappeared around 1932. By 1930, GE had begun audio transmission on shortwave; one of these transmitters, W2XAF, was pressed into service during off-hours for further television experiments, which continued through the 1930s. Toward the end of that decade, General Electric teamed up with other experimental broadcasters to adopt an all-electronic TV standard that was created by RCA.

Königs Wusterhausen transmitter, 2006 The Königs Wusterhausen transmitter () was a large transmission facility for longwave, mediumwave and shortwave radio, located near Königs Wusterhausen southeast of Berlin, Germany. Initially built by the telegraph battalion of the German Army, operation began during World War I in 1916. On 22 December 1920, the transmission of a Christmas concert marked the birth of public broadcasting in Germany.

There are important automotive assembly plants; Ford Motor Argentina and Volkswagen plus Kraft Foods located in the area. In addition the Techint Group has an industrial plant there. There are 161 occupied factories with a total of 7,135 workers. The shortwave-transmitter of Radiodifusión Argentina al Exterior is located in General Pacheco and can be heard all over the world.

All songs written and performed by The Shortwave Set. Produced by Danger Mouse. #"Harmonia" #"Glitches 'N' Bugs" #"Replica" #"House of Lies" #"Now Til '69" #"Distant Daze" #"No Social" #"Yesterdays to Come" #"I Know" #"Sun Machine" #"The Downer Song" Orchestration on tracks 3,4,8,9 arranged by Van Dyke Parks. John Cale of The Velvet Underground is also credited for 'Viola, synths and atmospheres'.

The firm was authorized by the Federal Radio Commission to create the first nationwide telegraph message system.Universal Wireless, Wall Street Journal, June 24, 1930, pg. 11. The company was incorporated under Delaware laws in August 1928. The Federal Radio Commission authorized the construction of two 10,000 watt stations in New York City and Chicago, Illinois, to experiment on three shortwave channels.

His first solo CD, Ghosts, was released by Klanggalerie in February 2012. The accompanying video presentation was premiered in Vienna in March 2012, and was subsequently shown at Dean Clough Galleries October 2012. Dean Clough Galleries presented The Romance of Shortwave Radio Numbers Stations as a video installation in 2018. Russell was the co-creator of C.W. Blubberhouse with Mark Valentine.

BSF is the callsign of the time signal transmitter for Taiwan, which transmits time information on 77.5 kHz in the longwave range. It is broadcast from Chung-Li using a T-antenna located at . The station used to also transmit on shortwave frequencies of and 15 MHz, but this was discontinued due to "low demand" as of July 1, 2004.

W1WX is Boston's second television station (the first being W1XAY). This station started up in April 1929, and was owned by Shortwave and Television Laboratory, Inc., (which was founded on December 5, 1928 by A.M. "Vic" Morgan, Hollis Baird, and Butler Perry). The station started off broadcasting on 2.12 MHz, alternating between 48 and 60 vertical lines and 15 frames per second.

On September 4, 1945, the Library of Congress announced the acceptance of CBS's gift of the total files — 24 million words — of the international shortwave broadcasts captured since 1939, translated from more than 15 languages. The Library of Congress transferred some 96,000 typewritten pages into 8,000 feet of 35 millimeter microfilm, and made copies available to libraries throughout the United States.

Radio and television broadcast services in Malawi are also regulated by the Malawi Communications Regulatory Authority (MACRA). There are 45 licensed radio broadcast stations, of which 31 are operational: AM 9, FM 5 (plus 15 repeater stations), shortwave 2 (plus a third station held in standby status)) () Radios: 2.6 million () There are 20 licensed television broadcast stations, of which 5 are operational ().

Novosibirsk is home to Russia's most powerful shortwave relay station east of the Ural mountains. This relay station can reach most of South Asia, the Middle East, and China. The Magadan and Vladivostok relay stations when operated in conjunction with Novosibirsk can guarantee that the Voice of Russia or any other broadcaster renting time at Novosibirsk is heard in the intended target area.

Aldrans Transmitter was a facility for medium wave broadcasting at Aldrans near Innsbruck in Austria. Originally built in 1927, using a T-antenna hung on two 151 metre tall guyed masts, the station was modernized between 1953 and 1955. The power of the transmitters were increased and two mast radiators insulated against the ground were built. There was also a shortwave transmitter installed.

National programs were broadcast from two shortwave transmitters and one medium wave transmitter located in Sogunle, near Lagos. In late 1960, the Federal Parliament amended the NBC Ordinance to allow the sale of commercial advertisements. The first ads ran on October 31, 1961, and were broadcast from Lagos. By 1962 regional and provincial broadcasters began selling ads to local businesses.

On November 2, 1928, the FRC limited television broadcast to shortwave stations above 1500 kHz. The broadcast would be limited to a 10 kHz bandwidth and for periods of not more than one hour per day. They were not allowed between 6 PM and 11 PM. The commission would review television broadcasting in January 1929. FRC limits television in AM broadcast band.

In its role of providing the physical infrastructure for broadcasting the NRTA plays a similar role in China as TDF Group plays in France, or Crown Castle plays in the US or Australia. It owns and operates, as well as manages many thousands of MW, FM, TV and Shortwave relay transmitters in China (as well as those leased abroad for external broadcasting).

In the Soviet Union, the tune became the time signal sounded every 30 minutes on the Mayak music and news radio station in 1964. The shortwave radio station Radio Moscow's English-language service has played an instrumental version of "Moscow Nights", between informing listeners of frequency changes and the hourly newscast since the start of its 24-hour English Service in 1978.

Civilians recruited as stay-behind partisans were equipped with a clandestine shortwave radio with a fixed frequency. It had a keyboard with digital encryption, making use of traditional Morse code obsolete. They had a cache of further equipment for signalling helicopters or submarines to drop special agents who were to stay in the partisan's homes while mounting sabotage operations against the communists.

The content of "DX Jukebox" also revolved around shortwave broadcasting, giving information on schedules for various other stations as well as a variety of details on improving reception. As the name suggested, a portion of the show was devoted to music. Marks decided that the show needed to be updated to reflect a new era. Fewer listeners were building their own radios.

Lester strengthened to reach a peak intensity of 115 mph (185 km/h) on October 22, about 355 miles (570 km) southwest of Manzanillo, Colima. Coinciding with its peak intensity, a shortwave trough caused Lester to stall before turning to the southwest and weakening. At 0200 UTC on October 23 Lester rapidly lost deep convection, and weakened to Category 1 status.

Meyerton is often reported as being the home of the Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy for Girls which officially opened in January 2007 at Henley-on-Klip, but Henley on Klip is in fact separated from Meyerton. Henley on Klip is a small village and a bird sanctuary outside of Meyerton. Meyerton is the location of SABC shortwave broadcasting facilities at Bloemendal.

The WSHB callsign was previously used from 1988 to 2004 at a shortwave station owned by Herald Broadcasting, a unit of the Christian Science Church which was sold in 2004 to LeSEA Broadcasting and is now WHRI located at Cypress Creek, South Carolina. WHRI previously broadcast from a transmitter site near Noblesville, Indiana which is also home to LeSea- owned WHMB-TV.

Radio Hoa- Mai is based in Southern California, dedicated to promote human rights and democracy in Vietnam. Radio Hoa-Mai formed in February 2005, started with Webcast broadcasting program. In May 2005, Radio Hoa-Mai contracted with KHWR Corp., an international radio broadcasting provider, expanded its Vietnamese language service with a shortwave program, broadcasts two days a week to Vietnam.

Radio Hoa-Mai is privately funded by democracy advocates, and operated by a group of young professionals and volunteers in the United States of America. The studio of Radio Hoa-Mai is currently located in Houston, Texas. Radio Hoa- Mai currently has two Vietnamese language programs. The specific purposes of the shortwave radio program are: \- Helping victims of oppressions, labor abuses, corruptions, etc.

However, wind shear drastically increased, displacing convection to the northwest of the circulation center. By this time, the storm began to undergo an extratropical transition. Due to the influence of a major shortwave trough approaching from the west, Meranti took a sharp northward turn. The JTWC issued their final advisory on the weakening cyclone around 0600 UTC on August 8.

The 16th Academy Awards, in 1944, was the first Oscar ceremony held at a large public venue, Grauman's Chinese Theatre. Free passes were given out to men and women in uniform. Originating on KFWB, the complete ceremony was internationally broadcast by CBS Radio via shortwave. Jack Benny served as master of ceremonies for the event, which lasted fewer than 30 minutes.

The eye later became slightly disorganized and the cloud tops around the center warmed. However, the storm reorganized the next day and was upgraded to a Category 3 typhoon by the JTWC with winds of 185 km/h (115 mph 1-minute winds). The intensification was the result of the influence of an approaching shortwave trough which enhanced poleward outflow.

Withheld under the Soviet Block developments in Moldova have only been more recent. In 2003 Moldova held its first World Religion Day observance which was organized by the Baháʼís of Chişinău. Payâm-e-Dust Radio ("Radio Message from a Friend") began shortwave radio broadcasts from Moldova in 2001 and has since begun transmissions from other locations and gained internet-broadcast capacity.

Yosemite Sam is the nickname given by DXers to a possible numbers station that first surfaced on December 19, 2004. It transmits on several shortwave frequencies in dual side band: 3700 kHz, 4300 kHz, 6500 kHz, and 10500 kHz. The nickname is taken from the Warner Bros. cartoon character Yosemite Sam, whose voice is played as part of the unusual transmission.

The government-owned network provides both national and local programs in Hindi, English, and sixteen regional languages. Commercial services, which were inaugurated in 1957, are provided by Vividh Bharati Service, headquartered in Mumbai. Vividh Bharati, which accepts advertisements, broadcasts from thirty-one AM and FM stations in the mid-1990s. India has an extensive network of medium wave and shortwave stations.

Sherman was born in Manistee, Michigan. As a boy he was a committed naturalist, studying and collecting insects with a particular fascination for Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths). His public school education was complemented by his experimentation in amateur radio and electronics (he was licensed as WN8CES), shortwave listening and medium wave DXing. This early involvement with communications technologies evolved into cultural pursuits.

The Germans commandeered the transmitters in Huizen to use for pro-Nazi broadcasts, some originating from Germany, others concerts from Dutch broadcasters under German control. Philips Radio was absorbed shortly after liberation when its two shortwave stations were nationalised in 1947 and renamed Radio Netherlands Worldwide, the Dutch International Service. Some PCJ programs, such as Happy Station, continued on the new station.

For use on shortwave-bands spreaders are commonly made of bamboo or glass-fiber reinforced plastics, carrying a radiator and reflector made from wire. Such antennas can be built with little wind load and minimal weight. AC6LA provides a calculator which is developed from former algorithms of L.B. Cebik, W4RNL. W4NRL has made detailed comparisons and calculations on several different antennas.

Canada's only high-power shortwave relay station, Sackville also broadcast CBC North to northern Quebec and Nunavut. The CBC-SRC network runs three 1 kW relays of domestic radio, one of which originated from Sackville. Sackville's northern-hemisphere transmission-targeting capabilities were similar to those of the Wertachtal relay station in Bavaria. Its site layout was similar to Wertachtal's, with a few differences.

Fu Hsing Broadcasting Station headquarters Fu Hsing Broadcasting Station was founded on 1 August 1957, with units in Taipei, Taichung, and Kaohsiung. The station currently operates two radio networks. The first network acts as a "cross- strait" information service for domestic audiences. The second network and a shortwave network provides mainland Chinese audiences with propaganda about Taiwan and the Republic of China.

Still being carefully watched, Reynolds meets another stranger on the street. Keith (Roger Clark), the new contact, provides him with the identity papers of a beer truck driver. An Allied agent with a shortwave radio is operating in the area, and Reynolds arranges to meet him later that night. At home, Anita is still dealing with Zellfritz, but finds Reynolds waiting for her.

Originally, there were plans for a shortwave radio station broadcasting Memphis music, an observation deck with an inclinator along the side of the building, a Hard Rock Cafe, a music museum, and a theme park on Mud Island along with other things. However, the plans were scrapped because of a fallout between Tigrett and Shlenker and the latter's financial difficulties.

MobuzzTV generally highlighted stories about technology and Internet-related topics not typically covered in traditional news media. However, a variety of current events were also covered. Editorially it was similar to the earlier science, technology and media news service Radiofax (radio station), which broadcast on shortwave between 1988 and 1992. The MobuzzTV presentation was rather light, often funny, and sometimes campy.

Hexbeam amateur radio antenna A hexbeam, or hexagonal-beam, is a type of a directional antenna for shortwave, most often used in amateur radio. The name comes from the hexagonal outer shape of the antenna. It may also sometimes be known as a W-antenna, referring to the shape of the driver. The design looks something like an upturned umbrella.

John Duncan is an artist currently living and working in Bologna (Italy). His body of work includes performance art, installations, contemporary music, video art and experimental film, often involving the extensive use of recorded sound. His music is composed mainly of recordings from shortwave radio, field recordings and voice. His events and installations are a form of existential research, often confrontational in nature.

For TV and radio stations the letters ZY are used, followed by one letter and three numbers. ZYA and ZYB are allocated to television stations, ZYI, ZYJ, ZYL and ZYK designate AM stations, ZYG is used for shortwave stations, ZYC, ZYD, ZYM and ZYU are given to FM stations. For example, ZYB-883 (analog channel 18) is TV Tribuna in Santos.

XEBH-AM was the first radio station in Hermosillo. It came to air on November 20, 1935, inaugurated by Governor Ramón Ramos. The 500-watt station initially broadcast on 930 kHz and was soon joined by shortwave simulcast XEBR on 11,820 kHz. The first concessionaire was Carlos G. Balderrama. By the 1960s, XEBH had moved down the dial to 920.

During the night the village of Mantu is raided for its supply of dynamite by what appear to be black Africans. The village doctor and radio operator interrupt the robbery and are fatally shot. Before dying, the radio operator gasps, "Slade" over the shortwave radio. The next morning, Tarzan is awakened by African drums that alert him to something wrong.

Broadcasts to Latin America were coordinated by the OCIAA with CBS' "La Cadena de Las Américas" (Network of the Americas) shortwave radio and radiotelephone systems as envisioned by William S. Paley.Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of La Onda Deborah R. Vargas. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2012 p. 152-153 OCIAA and William S. Paley's Cadena De Las Americas on google.books.

In those two countries, the BBC World Service was only available via shortwave and the Internet. As of September 2007, a satellite transmission (subscription required) became available by Skylife (Channel 791) in South Korea. In November 2016, the BBC World Service announced it plans to start broadcasts in Korean. BBC Korean, a radio and web service, started on 25 September 2017.

HF transceiver with a spectrum analyzer and DSP capabilities The transceiver first appeared in the 1920s. Before then, receivers and transmitters were manufactured separately and devices that wanted to receive and transmit data required both components. Almost all amateur radio equipment today uses transceivers, but there is an active market for pure radio receivers, which are mainly used by shortwave listening operators.

Usually this is in front of a wire grid reflector. The phasing is often switchable to allow Beam steering in azimuth and sometimes elevation. More modest phased array longwire antenna systems may be employed by private radio enthusiasts to receive longwave, mediumwave (AM) and shortwave radio broadcasts from great distances. On VHF, phased arrays are used extensively for FM broadcasting.

Cleavage is perfect in two directions parallel to the length of the crystals; the mineral is brittle with an irregular fracture. Twinning is common on , twin axis [001], as penetration or contact twins producing V-shaped or fishtail terminations. Scolecite is pyroelectric and piezoelectric, sometimes fluorescent yellow to brown in longwave and shortwave ultraviolet light. It is soluble in common acids.

Radio Maria's programming mostly emanates from one centrally located studio or station in a given region or country, and is then re-broadcast (or "simulcast") on a network of repeater transmitters on the AM and FM bands. Some employ the use of a subcarrier, also known as SCA (for "Subsidiary Communications Authority") facilities of FM stations, requiring the use of a receiver designed to receive SCA signals. Since the emergence of the internet, audio-streaming has been used extensively as a means to help fill in gaps left by the unavailability of AM or FM frequencies in metropolitan areas already taken up by commercial, public, or other religious broadcasters. Starting in June 2008, there have been shortwave transmissions originating from Italy at 26,000 kHz and at 26,010 kHz DRM making it the only (and last) shortwave service originating in Italy besides Vatican Radio.

On November 19, 1946, the SEP returned to radio in the waning days of Manuel Ávila Camacho's presidency with the name "Radio Educación" on two frequencies: XEOF as the "Cultural Voice of Mexico" () on 560 kHz and XEEP on shortwave. However, just five months later on March 16, 1947, new president Miguel Alemán Valdés decided that the stations should be given to the Secretaría de Gobernación. Radio Educación was consolidated with Radio México, which was labeled "the radio agency of the Government of the Republic", and the SEP sent its programs to be aired on that station and over all other stations during the time that all broadcasters were required to cede to the SEP. On April 29, 1964, Radio Educación's future shortwave station was authorized as XEICM-OC, operated by the (Federal Teacher Training Institute).

The site at Sackville was originally built in 1938 for CBC local broadcasting over radio station CBA. In 1943, two RCA shortwave transmitters were installed. In 1970, all CBC operations moved to Moncton, New Brunswick -- this move was necessary so as to allow new Collins transmitters to be installed. In the mid-1980s, the RCA transmitters were replaced by the three, more modern, Harris transmitters.

"energy budget" This system is made up of Earth's water, ice, atmosphere, rocky crust, and all living things. "climate system" Quantifying changes in these amounts is required to accurately model the Earth's climate. Incoming, top-of- atmosphere (TOA) shortwave flux radiation, shows energy received from the sun (26–27 Jan 2012). Outgoing, longwave flux radiation at the top-of-atmosphere (26–27 Jan 2012).

Very few boron atoms are required for this to happen—a typical ratio is one boron atom per 1,000,000 carbon atoms. Boron- doped diamonds transmit light down to ~250 nm and absorb some red and infrared light (hence the blue color); they may phosphoresce blue after exposure to shortwave ultraviolet light. Apart from optical absorption, boron acceptors have been detected by electron paramagnetic resonance.

Shortwaves are often associated with warm air advection (WAA) or cold air advection (CAA), which influence temperature. Due to the way they move the air around them and the way air moves away from them, shortwaves produce positive curvature vorticity and positive shear vorticity, respectively. Ahead of a shortwave there is large- scale lift due to divergence from positive vorticity advection (PVA). This lift often causes precipitation.

Digital Radio Mondiale, commonly used in shortwave broadcasting, can use less, the same, or more bandwidth as AM, to provide high quality audio. Digital Radio Mondiale requires digital detection circuitry not present in conventional AM radios to decode programming. Special CAM-D receivers provide the benefit of better frequency response and a slow auxiliary data channel for display of station ID, programming titles, etc.

On October 20, 2010, Radio Sweden ceased broadcasts on shortwave and medium wave, as Swedish Radio's management decided that the Internet had matured enough to support international broadcasts. At the same time the English Service was extended to national broadcasts on FM, but programming on weekends was discontinued. Services in English also continue on satellite, both using Sveriges Television's satellite and the World Radio Network.

WRNO (also known as WRNO Worldwide) is a commercial shortwave radio station which began international broadcasting on February 18, 1982 and continued regular broadcasting through the early 1990s from Metairie, Louisiana, with a continuation of periodic broadcasts starting in 2009. These call letters are still in use by the New Orleans station WRNO-FM; both were founded and originally owned by Joseph Costello III.

STAR broadcasts at 104 FM in the capital of Monrovia for 17 hours each day. There is also a shortwave radio broadcast each day for one hour at 7:00 am on the frequency 9525 throughout Liberia. Broadcasts are provided in 21 different languages and are rebroadcast on the internet. The station's studio is on Broad Street in the Snapper Hill section of Monrovia.

Moroccans have access to approximately 2,000 domestic and foreign publications. Many of the major dailies and weeklies can now be accessed on their own Web sites. Morocco has 27 AM radio stations, 25 FM radio stations, 6 shortwave stations, and 11 television stations including the channels of the public SNRT, the mixed-ownership (half public-half private) 2M TV and the privately owned Medi 1 TV.

Curtain arrays at Radio Free Europe transmitter site, Biblis, Germany Curtain array at international shortwave broadcasting station, Moosbrunn, Austria. It consists of 4 columns of horizontal wire dipoles, suspended in front of a wire screen. The vertical parallel wire feedlines to each column of dipoles are visible. The entire antenna is mounted on a rotating truss structure, allowing it to be pointed in different directions.

As late as the 1960s, glowbugs were part of many beginner ham stations because of their simple, tube-based designs. Glowbugs are popular among QRP enthusiasts and others with a penchant for constructing their own equipment. Enthusiasts may assemble glowbugs on steel chassis, tin cakepans, and wooden boards. Glowbug enthusiasts can often be heard communicating on the shortwave bands via CW using Morse code.

Since 2005, Patrick works at National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, Maryland. She is the project lead on ROSI (the Robotic Optical Scatter Instrument), a new NIST facility for ultraviolet to shortwave infrared spectral- and angle-resolved reflectance and scattering measurements. Patrick's research focuses on applications of scattering and reflectance measurements, advanced light sources, and robotics to the characterization and metrology of optical materials.

He formed the TGW Orchestra and developed a series of classical and folk music programs to be transmitted throughout Guatemala. One of his favorite projects was a shortwave program called Chapinlandia, which was created to reach Guatemalans living abroad. Sandoval composed a short instrumental piece, called Chipinitas, which became the program's theme song. In 1947, Sandoval composed a prelude to honor the Guatemalan musicologist, Jesús Castillo.

The epilimnion is closest to the water surface and absorbs long- and shortwave radiation to warm the water surface. During cooler months, wind shear can contribute to cooling of the water surface. The thermocline is an area within the water column where water temperatures rapidly decrease. The bottom layer is the hypolimnion, which tends to have the coldest water because its depth restricts sunlight from reaching it.

Wildfires poses an additional threat to alpine plants and animals, with many species apparently vulnerable to an increase in fire frequency. Increased levels of UV radiation may penetrate to the earth's surface as a consequence of damage to the ozone layer in recent times. As a consequence the detrimental effects of shortwave UV may become more apparent in Tasmania's alpine regions especially in the lower latitudes.

WBCQ-FM (94.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to Monticello, Maine, United States. The station is currently Broadcasting a locally originated Classic Country format with News and Weather at the top of the hour. WBCQ-FM resumed full-time as of October 7, 2013. WBCQ-FM is owned by Barbara Weiner and Allan Weiner, who also owns the shortwave station WBCQ and AM station WXME.

Several weak tornadoes also occurred across the Ohio Valley, where a well-defined shortwave trough combined with abundant moisture and sufficient instability to produce supercell thunderstorms. This included an EF1 tornado that caused moderate damage in Carrollton, Ohio. Hundreds of damaging wind reports were received as well. Through the evening hours, earlier discrete activity across Texas and Oklahoma congealed into an organized mesoscale convective system.

International Public Radio of Armenia () is the international broadcasting service, established in 1967 under the label Radio Yerevan.Jerome S. Berg, Broadcasting On The Short Waves, 1945 To Today (McFarland, 2008), p159 International Public Radio of Armenia broadcast on shortwave before 2006, then switching to online broadcasts. It broadcasts in a number of languages, including Armenian,Kurdish,Arabic, Azerbaijani, English, Persian, French, Georgian, German, Russian, Spanish, and Turkish.

At 00:00 UTC on September 7, Songda made landfall on Nagasaki in western Kyushu with 10 minute winds of 140 km/h (85 mph). Influenced by an approaching shortwave trough, the storm raced into the Sea of Japan and weakened to tropical storm status. Late on September 7, the JTWC issued their last advisory on Songda, noting that the storm was becoming extratropical.

Matthew Linzee Sands was born in Oxford, Massachusetts, on October 20, 1919. His parents were Linzee Sands and Beatrice Goyette, both of whom were bookkeepers. He had a brother, Roger, and a sister, Claire, who was seven years younger. As a 12-year-old Boy Scout, Sands was motivated by his scoutmaster, who was a radio amateur, to build his own shortwave radio receiver.

Tandy's position in the market had some similarities with its local competitor, Dick Smith Electronics. Both companies produced a substantial annual catalogue, though Tandy's was more consumer-oriented with no data section. Its CB radio ranges were similar to DSE but its amateur radio gear range was limited, focusing on scanners and shortwave radio. In 2000, Tandy launched its ecommerce business, as announced in November 1999.

The authorities also said that Myers usually relied on his memory or notes for information rather than stealing documents. The couple allegedly used shortwave radio to communicate with Cuban intelligence and also were said to have met with Cuban agents in numerous locations both inside and outside the United States. Myers told undercover agents that he had spent an evening with Fidel Castro in 1995.

In particular, a portion between Naples and Santa Barbara was badly damaged and displaced. Seaside bluffs fell into the ocean, and a slight tsunami was noted by offshore ships. The town was completely cut off from telephone and telegraph, and news from the outside world arrived by shortwave radio. The absence of post-earthquake fire permitted scientists to study earthquake damage to various types of construction.

Physical therapists may utilize joint mobilizations directly at the glenohumeral joint to decrease pain, increase function, and increase range of motion as another form of treatment. There are some studies that have shown that intensive passive stretching can promote healing. Additional interventions include modalities such as ultrasound, shortwave diathermy, laser therapy and electrical stimulation. Another osteopathic technique used to treat the shoulder is called the Spencer technique.

Radio Netherlands Worldwide built two shortwave transmitters on Bonaire in 1969. The second major hotel (Bonaire Beach Hotel) was completed in 1962. Salt production resumed in 1966 when the salt pans were expanded and modernized by the Antilles International Salt Company, a subsidiary of the International Salt Company. Part of the facilities extend into the Caribbean Sea and form the popular dive site known as Salt Pier.

Kocin and Uccellini, p. 391 It originated in an area of low pressure that developed over the western Gulf of Mexico on December 10, downstream from an upper-level cyclone.Kocin and Uccellini, p. 397 The surface low tracked northward to Oklahoma before turning eastward as it gradually intensified. Simultaneously, a shortwave trough swung southeastward around the periphery of a large vortex over central and eastern Canada.

Radio has long been the most widespread source of information in Afghanistan. Radio broadcasting went into air in 1925 with Radio Kabul being the first station. By the late 1970s nearly every home owned at least one radio, especially in the major cities. As of 2019, the country has 284 radio stations, with AM, FM and shortwave, broadcasting mainly in Pashto and Dari languages.

WTWW is a shortwave station located in Lebanon, Tennessee. WTWW, according to their website, stands for "We Transmit World Wide". WTWW, according to the FCC, was originally licensed a construction permit as WBWW on June 30, 2009. Testing began in January 2010 and ending mid-February 2010. Testing frequencies used were 5.755 MHz and 9.48 MHz, and recorded by several listeners who uploaded the audio to YouTube.

Throughout the 1980s, Basinski created a vast archive of experimental works using tape loop and delay systems, found sounds, and shortwave radio static. He was a member of many bands including Gretchen Langheld Ensemble and House Afire. In 1989, he opened his own performance space, "Arcadia" at 118 N. 11th Street. On one occasion, he opened for David Bowie, playing saxophone with rockabilly band The Rockats.

A few hours later they again had a short contact on 80m to get the SARSAT/COSPAS information. When shortwave propagation failed, they had to wait until the UoSAT satellite was overhead and listen to the Digitalker. The morning routine included a quick breakfast and tent break-down. The skiers reported building igloospicture of igloo made by R.Weber during the Skitrek expedition to dry clothing.

The transit observations resumed on April 10, 1917 due to a US government order to dismantle the radio set at Ladd when the U.S. entered the First World War. These calibration observations continued through October 16, 1919. A 1930s Hammarlund Comet Pro shortwave radio used to receive time signals. Calibration by Naval Observatory time signals from radio station WWV resumed after the war ended.

Homebuilt Armstrong one-tube regenerative shortwave radio with construction characteristic of the 1930s - 40s. The controls are (left) regeneration, (lower center) filament rheostat, (right) tuning capacitor. Rear view of the above radio, showing the simplicity of the regenerative design. The tickler coil is visible inside the tuning coil and is turned by a shaft from the front panel; this type of adjustable transformer was called a variocoupler.

The HD Radio technology and trademarks were subsequently acquired by Xperi in 2016. HD Radio is one of several digital radio standards which are generally incompatible with each other. In Europe, Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB, aka Eureka 147) is the most common standard, with Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM30 and DRM+ configurations) intended mostly for shortwave applications and Compatible AM-Digital (CAM-D) for AM radio.

Those declared communist by the Committee had no right to any kind of defense or appeal if they were charged of a crime under the Preventive Penal Law; they could not own shortwave radios or hold any kind of public office, local or national. By 21 November 1954, the Castillo administration and the National Committee had compiled a list of 72,000 persons deemed to be communists.

On 6 November 1988 two new aerial masts were taken out to the Ross Revenge. On 4 January 1989 were taken aboard to give the ship as much stability as possible while erecting the new transmitter masts. On 12 February the front mast had been rebuilt bar one section, and the shortwave aerial had been restored. The work on the two new masts continued until May.

International communication, the intellectual field that deals with issues of mass communication at a global level, is sometimes also called development communication. This field includes the history of the telegraph, submarine communication cables, shortwave or international broadcasting, satellite television, and global flows of mass media. Today it includes issues of the Internet in a global perspective and the use of new technologies such as mobile phones.

Audio signal processing is used when broadcasting audio signals in order to enhance their fidelity or optimize for bandwidth or latency. In this domain, the most important audio processing takes place just before the transmitter. The audio processor here must prevent or minimize overmodulation, compensate for non-linear transmitters (a potential issue with medium wave and shortwave broadcasting), and adjust overall loudness to desired level.

A search of the residence uncovered a German-made shortwave radio in the attic. The purported radio operator (whose occupation was listed only as "traveler") was arrested. The Chickasaw Council became a leader in racial integration in Scouting. Bolton Smith, the first Council President, became the Vice President of the National Boy Scouts of America and helped form the National Committee on Interracial Activities in 1926.

For the VOA, the main target areas for the station's shortwave broadcasts were Latin America, the Caribbean with special emphasis on Cuba, and Africa. Three complexes, one for management, distribution, and monitoring, and the other two for actual transmitting, formed an approximately equilateral triangle around Greenville. At one time, these formed the largest international broadcasting site in the world. Two of the three sites have been decommissioned.

However, lamps using deuterium have a longer life span and an emissivity (intensity) at the far end of their UV range which is three to five times that of an ordinary hydrogen arc bulb, at the same temperature. Deuterium arc lamps, therefore, despite being several times more expensive, are considered a superior light source to light-hydrogen arc lamps, for the shortwave UV range.

Gould lived on MacDougal Street in Greenwich Village and later in Old Greenwich, Connecticut, where, according to his obituary in The New York Times, his office contained "a shortwave radio, two telephones, a small black book of unlisted telephone numbers, and a typewriter". He retired in 1972 and moved to California; he died in Concord. He married Carmen Letitia Lewis in 1938; they had three sons.

Instrumentals were featured as closing songs after the main theme was performed. These were recorded together with the rest of each program and at the same session. The Uncle Sam Presents programs were recorded at NBC for the Office of War Information (OWI) and were broadcast for allied service personnel on the OWI "Voice of America" shortwave service and local OWI and Army radio globally.

Radio Bremen transmitted on 936 kHz medium wave until 13 March 2010 using the mediumwave transmitter at Leher Field. The FM and TV signals (including DVB-T) are broadcast in Bremen from the Bremen-Walle Telecommunication Tower, which is operated by Deutsche Telekom. Another transmitter, also operated by Deutsche Telekom, is used in Bremerhaven. Radio Bremen also formerly transmitted its first programme on 6190 kHz shortwave.

Thad moved north and northeast, maturing into a typhoon by late morning on August 18. On August 22 Thad accelerated northward between a subtropical ridge to its east and a deepening shortwave to its west, striking eastern Japan with a forward motion near . Thereafter, the cyclone rapidly transitioned into an extratropical cyclone by late on August 23. Twenty died during Thad's passage of Japan.

Some of the ionized molecules then recombine as O3, ozone. Equipment that uses short-arc lamps as the light source must contain UV radiation and prevent ozone build- up. Many lamps have a shortwave UV blocking coating on the envelope and are sold as "ozone free" lamps. These "ozone free" lamps are used commonly in indoor applications, where proper ventilation is not easily accessible.

Command Performance broadcast with Jane Russell, Bob Hope and, in background, Major Meredith Willson conducting the AFRS band (c. 1944) Command Performance was a radio program which originally aired between 1942 and 1949. The program was broadcast on the Armed Forces Radio Network (AFRS) and transmitted by shortwave to the troops overseas—with few exceptions, it was not broadcast over domestic U.S. radio stations.

The Lawson Tower remains and the Dreamworld condiminum complex pays tribute. During World War II the Fourth Cliff Military Reservation defended the Scituate area with a battery of two 6-inch guns. It is now a recreation area for Hanscom Air Force Base. Scituate used to be the site of international broadcasting radio station WNYW, which broadcast on the shortwave bands in the late 1960s.

The Soviet Duga early warning over-the- horizon radar system was made operational in 1976. The extremely powerful radio transmissions needed for such a system led to much disruption of civilian shortwave broadcasts, earning it the nickname "Russian Woodpecker". The idea that any nuclear conflict would eventually escalate was a challenge for military strategists. This challenge was particularly severe for the United States and its NATO allies.

Amateur radio is used for the first (and possibly only) time in the series, with Danny and Irene attempting to get a homework question answered. The callsigns used would have been accurate for mid-western operators in that era but not for the mode used (shortwave). In any event, there was too much static and the kids resorted to opening the windows and talking across the alley.

In 1989, a shortwave relay of CBN--St. John's with the call sign CKZN operating on 6.16 MHz (in the 49m band) was granted authority to rebroadcast CFGB part-time as well as CBN. In 1994, CKZN became a full-time rebroadcaster of CFGB. Operating at 1,000 watts, it can be heard over much of the North American continent and in Europe, particularly at night.

Weegee's rubber stamp for signing his pictures In 1938, Fellig became the only New York freelance newspaper photographer with a permit to have a portable police-band shortwave radio. Weegee worked mostly at night; he listened closely to broadcasts and often beat authorities to the scene.Bonanos, p. 100–101. Five of his photographs were acquired by the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in 1943.

On April 2, upper-level southwesterly flow overspread the Ozarks and Ohio River Valley, where an Enhanced risk for severe weather was introduced by the SPC. A surface low tracked into Ontario, supporting a cold front down into southern Missouri. Throughout the afternoon hours, a shortwave trough tracked across the Central Plains, providing ample lift for the development of severe thunderstorms. Several weak tornadoes were recorded.

There is much discussion and debate in the hobby about the relative merits of lesser priced shortwave receivers vs. their multi-thousand dollar "big brother" radios. In general, a good desktop or "PC Radio" will be able to "hear" just about what a very expensive high-performance receiver can receive. The difference between the two types comes into play during difficult band or reception conditions.

Music was composed by Cale along with Danger Mouse (real name Brian Burton) and lyrics by Cale himself. The song was recorded after Burton asked Cale to contribute to album of The Shortwave Set in 2008. The original studio version of the song featured alongside Cale (vocals, acoustic guitar, electric guitar, organ, synthesizers, percussion) and Burton (bass guitar, synthesizers, drum programming) also Dustin Boyer (electric guitar).

Shortwave radio would deployed as a means to communicate internationally with smaller transmitters and more directional antennas than had been possible on the former longwave system. These directional-antenna (or "beam antenna") installations were known as the Imperial Beam system; Marconi Beam as a geographic place name still refers to a section of modern Cape Town, South Africa, as one location where such facilities historically had operated.

AFSK is still widely used in amateur radio, as it allows data transmission through unmodified voiceband equipment. AFSK is also used in the United States' Emergency Alert System to transmit warning information. It is used at higher bitrates for Weathercopy used on Weatheradio by NOAA in the U.S. The CHU shortwave radio station in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada broadcasts an exclusive digital time signal encoded using AFSK modulation.

RHC was off the air temporarily in late August 2004 due to damage caused by Hurricane Charley. The English- language service of the station broadcasts an hour-long program which is repeated throughout the day at different times and frequencies (AM and international shortwave as well as FM in Havana). The program consists of a mix of news, commentary, history, music (both traditional and contemporary Cuban music) as well as a series of rotating special programs including the Mailbag Show (in which listener mail is read over the air), Music with a Message (normally featuring an internationally-known musician whose music touches on social justice themes), World of Stamps, the sports program with Eduardo Gonzalez, and DXers Unlimited, a program on the technical aspects of amateur radio and shortwave listening from announcer Arnie Coro (Ham radio call sign CO2KK). The current lead announcers are Ed Newman and Lena Valverde.

As part of an engineering upgrade in the 1980s,"Listening to Others" Article in Voice for the World, BBC World Service, 1988 a number of satellite dishes were installed, joining the Beverage and rhombic aerials and curtain arrays already on the site."The BBC Monitoring Service, Caversham" Article in World Radio TV Handbook, 2001 edition Additional rhombic aerials were erected to boost shortwave reception from the Middle East and North Africa, alongside those already used for signals from Europe and the Soviet Union, the latter having been the station's priority target during the Cold War. One of the two curtain aerials (which had been used for the relaying by the BBC of the Voice of America) was taken down.VOA shortwave transmissions from the USA were received at Crowsley and fed to the BBC transmitting station at Woofferton to be rebroadcast to their target audiences.

Gimarc announced the show as being heard on the flagship station KZEW and the Four Freedoms World Service (4FWS) which relayed the program via recordings for retransmission by a network of unlicensed pirate radio stations that transmitted on AM, FM and shortwave in Europe, and shortwave from New Zealand via KIWI Radio, to Australasia. A Texas network of Public-access television cable TV channels called 4FTN, also aired special editions of Gimarc's programs. While Gimarc was hosting The Rock & Roll Alternative on KZEW-FM, in 1983 he also became music director on its sister AM station KRQX (K-Rocks) and turned it into a new format designed to be the flipside to the AOR sister station KZEW. While the Zoo was playing Kansas, The Eagles and Eddie Money, this new station played the older items they could no longer fit into the playlist - the Beatles, CCR, and Hendrix.

On February 28, the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) issued a day four risk for severe thunderstorms across a broad region of the Southeast United States stretching from northern Louisiana through northwestern Georgia. A broad slight risk was introduced the following day, and a more narrow enhanced risk was raised across portions of southeastern Alabama and southwestern Georgia later on March 2 where the threat for tornadoes, some potentially strong, appeared most likely. GOES-16 satellite animation showing the Lee County, Alabama tornado The severe weather prediction for March 3 came to fruition that morning as a broad mid-level cyclone in the northern jet stream pushed eastward over northern Ontario and James Bay. A series of shortwave troughs rotated around the southern semicircle of this low-pressure system, with an especially well-defined shortwave progressing from the South Central United States eastward across the Appalachian Mountains and into the Atlantic Ocean.

RCI's parent, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, was the owner and operator of the Sackville transmission site, call sign CKCX. RCI's only transmitter site was located on the Tantramar Marshes several kilometres east of the town of Sackville, New Brunswick. RCI leased or bartered its spare transmission capacity with other international broadcasters. Sackville was the only high power shortwave relay station in Canada and also transmitted CBC North broadcasts to northern Quebec.

A cluster of thunderstorms developed over Florida in late May. A shortwave trough brought it to the northeast, enhancing convection around a developing center of circulation. The low pressure area, which formed on May 31, developed into a subtropical depression on June 1. Operationally, it was treated as a frontal low, but post-analysis suggested it remained separate throughout its lifetime, and was classified as an unnamed subtropical storm.

Later on July 2, a shortwave trough forced Ana to northeastward, into a region of increasing vertical wind shear. Simultaneously, Ana began to weaken, as it was moving into an area of decreasing sea surface temperatures (SST). By late on July 3, Ana weakened to a tropical depression. The storm also lost tropical characteristics and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone early on July 4, over the western Atlantic Ocean.

WWRB uses four 100 kW to 150 kW transmitters and six antennas to provide their services to regions of the world specifically requested by broadcasters. At this time, not all of their antennas appear to be in use. WWRB operates 24 hours a day, seven days a week, changing frequencies as shortwave propagation changes to maintain their target reception areas. Their main targeted services are titled Global-I through Global-IV.

Replica Sun Machine is the second album by The Shortwave Set. Work began on the album shortly after the release of The Debt Collection. In an interview for Swedish television, singer and songwriter Andrew Pettitt said that by February 2007 the album was completed as far as they were concerned. However, around this time, Danger Mouse heard they were working on a new album, and offered to produce it for them.

An approaching shortwave further turned the system to the east- northeast while also acting to increase wind shear, causing Fay to begin weakening. It fell below hurricane intensity on October 12 and degenerated into an open trough by 06:00 UTC on October 13. A few tropical cyclone warnings and watches were issued in anticipation of Fay's impact on Bermuda. Public schools were closed in advance of the storm.

La Sonora Matancera's most successful period was from 1947 until 1959. By the early 1950s, the ensemble made live broadcasts from the studios of Radio Progreso, Radio CMBG, and Radio CMQ. These stations broadcast on shortwave radio, which helped increase the collective's popularity in Latin America. During this decade, the band—besides these regular bookings on Cuban radio—had its calendar filled with club dates, film appearances, and tours overseas.

The intercept network ran special stations called Out Stations, described by Colonel Mettig as being directly subordinated to Group I at OKW/Chi instead of Lauf and deemed to be fairly small and often in foreign countries. They were administered by the Abwehr. Two were known to exist, one in Spain and one in Sofia. The Sofia outstations had considerable difficulty in contact OKW/Chi often using shortwave radio.

Others offer continuous tuning over the whole shortwave frequency range, allowing the user to listen to amateur radio, marine, air, and utility stations as well as broadcasters. Tuners on analog receivers may include a bandspread control to allow accurate tuning of closely spaced frequencies. Receivers with digital tuning usually allow direct entry of frequencies with sufficient accuracy and precision so as not to require additional fine-tuning adjustment.

Kamina transmitter Kamina Funkstation was a shortwave radio transmitter in the German-occupied colony of Togoland (now Togo) in West Africa. The wireless station was built by Telefunken near the village of Kamina, in Togoland, where the nearest large settlement was Atakpamé. Telefunken, on behalf of the German government from 1911 to 1914. The station was designed as a node and switching point for other German colonial radio stations.

During the morning of May 21, a strong shortwave trough over the Texas Panhandle moved eastward into Oklahoma. Moderate instability in the region led to the formation of thunderstorms across the state, with strong thunderstorms developing near the Oklahoma City metropolitan area, including the devastated city of Moore. Ahead of the main line of storms, a loosely organized squall line formed over central Tennessee by 11:15 a.m. CDT (1615 UTC).

During Iraqi missile strikes on Israel during the 1991 Gulf War, Kol Israel relayed its domestic service on its shortwave service. Besides ideological reasons, many stations are run by religious broadcasters and are used to provide religious education, religious music, or worship service programs. For example, Vatican Radio, established in 1931, broadcasts such programs. Another station, such as HCJB or Trans World Radio will carry brokered programming from evangelists.

On May 13, steering currents weakened around the cyclone due to a shortwave trough over India, causing Viyaru to slowly move northwestward. Wind shear also increased once again as the outflow degraded. By May 14, the exposed and elongated circulation of Viyaru turned northeastward as the ridge became more pronounced. The majority of convection remained sheared to the west, though upper-level conditions were anticipated to become somewhat favorable for restrengthening.

At 02:15 soldiers stationed in Bous were attacked by Germans in civilian clothes. One soldier was badly injured, as was one German who was detained. Shortly thereafter a gendarmerie lieutenant and his chauffeur were ambushed and exchanged fire with German-speaking cyclists; no one was hurt. Fifth columnists successfully severed the telephone wires between the capital and the border posts, forcing the gendarmes to communicate via shortwave radio.

From 1946 on, XEB's live musical programming was steadily supplanted by recordings, which was more economical, but high profile stars like Miguel Prado, Blanca Estela Pavón and Raquel Moreno remained on the air. By 1950, XEB was branded as "La Emisora de las Américas" (The Station of the Americas). On AM, it was already broadcasting at 1220 kHz, its current frequency. On shortwave, XEBT was at 9.625 MHz.

UVB-76, also known by the nickname "The Buzzer", is a shortwave radio station that broadcasts on the frequencies 4625 and 4810 kHz. It broadcasts a short, monotonous , repeating at a rate of approximately 25 tones per minute, 24 hours per day. Sometimes, the buzzer signal is interrupted and a voice transmission in Russian takes place. The first reports of a station on this frequency were made in 1973.

129–130; Peatross, Bless 'em All, pp. 95–96; Jersey, Hell's Islands, p. 222. At this time Kawaguchi and most of his forces were about six miles west of Tasimboko near Tetere and had just begun to head into the island's interior (Alexander p. 124). In Tasimboko, Edson's troops discovered the supply base for Kawaguchi's forces, including large stockpiles of food, ammunition and medical supplies, and a shortwave radio.

By February 8, the low-pressure system had moved into Georgia. Both the system in the Gulf of Mexico and the system in the Midwestern United States were supported by the same shortwave trough. Due to blocking steering patterns, both storms began to gravitate towards the Eastern Seaboard. The HPC began issuing periodic storm summary bulletins on the two low-pressure areas at 0300 UTC on February 8\.

The government boosted the new company's capital and became its majority shareholder. In 1926, the company established two large beam wireless stations on 180 hectare sites; a receiver site in Victoria at Rockbank near Melbourne and a transmitter site at Ballan near Ballarat which eventually become known as Fiskville. A shortwave beam radiotelegraph service between Australia and Britain,Paul Hewitt, Tetney Beam Station, 1993, tetneybeamstation.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2010-03-16.

The Unión de Radioaficionados Españoles (URE) (in English, Spanish Amateur Radio Union) is a national non-profit organization for amateur radio enthusiasts in Spain. The organization has approximately 8,000 members, predominantly amateur radio operators in Spain. URE promotes amateur radio by sponsoring amateur radio operating awards and radio contests. The URE also represents the interests of Spanish amateur radio operators and shortwave listeners before Spanish and international telecommunications regulatory authorities.

Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation is the use of high-intensity shortwave ultraviolet light for disinfecting smooth surfaces such as dental tools, but not porous materials that are opaque to the light such as wood or foam. Ultraviolet light is also used for municipal water treatment. Ultraviolet light fixtures are often present in microbiology labs, and are activated only when there are no occupants in a room (e.g., at night).

A cold front developed along the southern portion of Faxai, a feature of extratropical cyclones. Around that time, the JMA upgraded Faxai to a severe tropical storm with (10-minute sustained) winds of . The JTWC subsequently upgraded the depression to a tropical storm based on the development of a very impactful central dense overcast. A shortwave trough over the Korean peninsula provided a favorable upper-level environment for Faxai to intensify.

2, 2003, pp. 371–383., . In 2007, the AMRC, in addition to its Antarctic composites, started to create complete Arctic satellite composite images under the Arctic Satellite Composite Project. Beginning in 2012, AMRC worked with NOAA OSPO (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Satellite and Product Operations) to develop real-time satellite composite imagery in infrared, shortwave, longwave, water vapor, and visible channels with 4 km spatial resolution.

With the depletion of the mineral deposits at the Kosaka Mine from the 1990s, the economy of Kosaka is now largely based on agriculture, forestry and seasonal tourism. Dowa Holdings, the owner of the Kosaka Mine is active in the metal recycling industry. In terms of light manufacturing, the Towada Audio Corporation, a manufacturer of shortwave radio sets, TV tuners and AC adapters in the Sony group, is based in Kosaka.

Radio Havana Cuba (, RHC) is the official government-run international broadcasting station of Cuba. It can be heard in many parts of the world including the United States on shortwave frequencies. Radio Havana, along with Radio Rebelde, Cubavision Television and other Cuban ,radio and television broadcasts to North, Central and South America via free-to-air programming from the Hispanisat satellite over the Atlantic Ocean and via Internet streaming.

High marks in a subject garner a distinction known as gondu (). Students who achieve distinctions in five or more subjects are generally guaranteed placement in one of Myanmar's medical universities, the most selective of universities. In recent years, the combined score of students who receive 5 subject distinctions has been above 500 out of 600. The scores of students at remote testing sites are announced via shortwave radio.

KEK had four long wave receivers. Two for ship work and two for shortwave reception. Three of four signals from Federal's San Francisco operating room (KFS transmitter in Palo Alto, California) were picked up simultaneously by KEK and passed down to the main office in Portland where the operating room was located. The signals came in on a long wavelength automatically and were received on a paper tape.

Turbulence and radiative transfer are the most important physical processes that have to be parameterized in a prognostic mesoscale model. In the MEMO model, radiative transfer is calculated with an efficient scheme based on the emissivity method for longwave radiation and an implicit multilayer method for shortwave radiation (Moussiopoulos 1987). The diffusion terms may be represented as the divergence of the corresponding fluxes. For turbulence parameterizations, K-theory is applied.

The upper limit of operation is about 3 MHz, so it's not suitable for a shortwave radio. However it can be used as an IF amp. The high input impedance means a valve (tube) radio IFT (IF transformer) is much more suitable than a ceramic filter or transistor IFT. Many designs using an SA612 as local oscillator / mixer and the ZN414 / TA7642 have been published on the Internet.

There are also some AM radio stations that are dedicated to the brokered format, selling time for as little as 15 minutes or even selling the entire broadcasting day to a single entity, with the station holding the broadcast license and providing the facilities. That long- form type of brokered programming is especially popular among ethnic and religious broadcasters as well as with privately owned U.S.-based shortwave radio broadcasters.

The storm significantly weakened inland and emerged into the Bay of Campeche as a tropical storm. Several shortwave troughs and ridges caused Roxanne to track aimlessly through the southern Gulf of Mexico. By October 14, it re- strengthened into a hurricane. After making a close approach to the Yucatán Peninsula while heading southeastward, Roxanne weakened to a tropical storm on October 17 as it doubled back to the northwest.

Satellite station and antenna farm Usingen is home to a ground station with satellite dishes and various other antennas run by T-Systems. After the Second World War, during which the property had been used as an aerodrome, a shortwave transmission station was built here. In 1979 came the first big parabolic antenna. The station now houses more than 90 antennas, among them three dishes measuring 19 m across.

Northeast of Noratus, there is Gavar transmitter, a huge Soviet-type facility for longwave, mediumwave and shortwave radio broadcasting. There are a great number of medieval monuments and records in the village and around it. One of the famous churches in Noratus is St. Astvacacain church, which is located in the middle of the village. It was built in the late of 9th century by the Gegharkunik prince Sahak.

In 1994 there were eighty-five FM stations and seventy-three shortwave stations that covered the entire country. The broadcasting equipment is mostly Indian made and reaches special audiences, such as farmers needing agroclimatic, plant protection, and other agriculture-related information. The number of radio receivers increased almost fivefold between 1970 and 1994, from around 14 million to nearly 65 million. Most radios are also produced within India.

The foreign broadcast service is a function of the External Services Division of All India Radio. In 1994 seventy hours of news, features, and entertainment programs were broadcast daily in twenty-five languages using thirty-two shortwave transmitters. The principal target audiences are listeners in neighbouring countries and the large overseas Indian community. Satellite Radio was introduced to the Indian market in 2000 by WorldSpace, a Washington-DC based company.

The youth programs of DWSY named "Youth Service" usually air on Saturdays. At the end of 2010, DWSY has changed back to DZSR. On September 18, 2017, Sports Radio was rebranded as Radyo Pilipinas 2, merging its programming with Radyo Magasin, which was shut down permanently the previous day. Initially, it was planned to be rebranded as Radyo Pilipinas 3, but turned out to be for the shortwave service counterpart.

The activities the Svazarm provided were extremely diverse, ranging from medical training to dog training. Dog lovers would be instructed in the training and breeding of dogs suitable for military purposes, especially German Shepherds. Shortwave radio operation was another popular activity, and was also useful for creating future radio operators in the army. A more specialised branch of the Svazarm, based at Košice, trained pilots for the air force.

When Lasar was eleven, he began to learn piano, and was trained extensively in jazz and classical. It was his mother, who was a classical artist from Germany, that ignited a love for music in him. Lasar has been interested in technology as long as he can remember. Using a stopwatch, a cassette player, and a shortwave radio, he demonstrated multi-track sequencing before it was ever invented.

In 1934 the Sierra Leone Broadcasting Service (SLBS) was formed from the Freetown Rediffusion Service making it the earliest English language radio broadcast service in West Africa. Television broadcasts started in 1963 as a cooperation between the SLBS and commercial interests. Coverage was extended to all districts in 1978 when the service was also upgraded to colour. Before the country's civil war, SLBS had FM and shortwave transmissions from Freetown.

VOA Indonesia is the Indonesian service of the Voice of America (VOA). Broadcasting from Washington, DC, USA, the service produces programs for radio, television and website that especially catered for the Indonesian audience in their native language, Indonesian. VOA Indonesia first aired programs in Indonesian through shortwave radio in 1942. VOA Indonesia produces 9.5 hours of original radio programming per day and an average of 6.5 hours of television each week.

Shortwave radio reached all of Bhutan in 1991. In June 2000, FM stations opened in the south and west of the country, expanding to central Bhutan in January 2001. By the end of 2005, FM radio service reached the entire country. Since November 2009, radio airs for 24 hours a day (23 hours and 21 minutes taking into account pauses and connection breaks), with the low listening times of 2 a.m.

17, 2006 He worked for the Marconi Company in 1901 in London at the time the first radio signal was transmitted across the Atlantic. At the age of eighteen he came to the United States. In New York City he met Nikola Tesla and became an expert in shortwave radio. He received a jeweled gold watch from Czar Nicholas II for setting up a radio communication system for the Russian fleet.

The district is also the site of former Czechoslovakia (now Radio Slovakia International, RSI) shortwave radio antenna tower facility, using a 250 kW transmitter to reach listening audiences as far away as North America. The towers and masts of the station have heights up to 171 metres. Rimavská Sobota's tourist industry is as yet largely undeveloped, due to a lack of infrastructure, although the area possesses natural, historical, and cultural potential.

Isotron is the trade name for a shortwave antenna marketed by Bilal Co. for use as an amateur radio transmitting antenna for restricted spaces.Ralph Bilal, Bilal Company website, 2011, Florissant, Colorado It is physically short as compared to a dipole antenna for a given frequency. It consists of a coil placed between two angled sheet metal plates. The bandwidth of the Isotron is quite narrow as compared with a dipole antenna.

During the second stage, the light-independent reactions use these products to capture and reduce carbon dioxide. Most organisms that utilize oxygenic photosynthesis use visible light for the light-dependent reactions, although at least three use shortwave infrared or, more specifically, far-red radiation. Some organisms employ even more radical variants of photosynthesis. Some archaea use a simpler method that employs a pigment similar to those used for vision in animals.

In April 1935, the tower was used to make experimental low-resolution television transmissions, using a shortwave transmitter of 200 watts power. On 17 November, an improved 180-line transmitter was installed. On two separate but related occasions in 1925, the con artist Victor Lustig "sold" the tower for scrap metal. A year later, in February 1926, pilot Leon Collet was killed trying to fly under the tower.

The service was discontinued on 1 January 2002. All NRK broadcasting activities on shortwave ceased on 1 January 2004. NRK's mediumwave transmitter at Kvitsøy on 1314 kHz used to be widely heard internationally and was one of the most commonly heard trans-Atlantic DX signals in eastern North America. The frequency carried a mixture of NRK's radio channels P1 and P2, and was called Europakanalen (literally "The Europe Channel").

There was a severe weather outbreak every day during the week. There were 48 people killed by the tornadoes, and damages totaled nearly $1 billion. Also six F4s touched down. The main meteorological factor for this series of tornado outbreaks was the presence of a persistent 500 mb trough over the western United States, coupled with a series of shortwave disturbances which propagated through the central and eastern United States.

An English-language classic rock digital station from RTL Group called Radio Luxembourg began in 2005. It was briefly available in the UK using DRM (digital broadcasts over shortwave) but the transmitter power was reduced, and by 2008 was not receivable outside Luxembourg itself (essentially, a test transmission). The digital station continues broadcasting over the Internet. Both the station and its website make numerous references to the old 208 service.

In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, called the NBC White Network. In 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown. NBC outgrew the Fifth Avenue facilities in 1933. In 1930, General Electric was charged with antitrust violations, resulting in the company's decision to divest itself of RCA.

Furnished as a gift of the Allies, the 19-room building included a broadcasting facility. Freedom House sponsored influential radio programs including The Voice of Freedom (1942–43) and Our Secret Weapon (1942–43), a CBS radio series created to counter Axis shortwave radio propaganda broadcasts. Rex Stout, chairman of the Writers' War Board and representative of Freedom House, would rebut the most entertaining lies of the week.

Snowfall over the Midwest on December 21 On December 17, an upper-level shortwave and associated trough made landfall along the coast of the Pacific Northwest. The system initially moved towards the southeast, strengthening over the Rocky Mountains. This led to the development and formation of a surface low over eastern Colorado early on December 19\. The low began to curve towards the northeast, and its barometric pressure began to deepen.

Radio Newyork International was the name of a pirate radio station which broadcast from a ship anchored in international waters off Jones Beach, New York, United States in 1987 and 1988. The history of Radio Newyork International (RNI) is linked with the Falling Star Network and other New York City area pirate radio stations. The owner of RNI, Allan Weiner, is currently the licensee of WBCQ shortwave in Monticello, Maine.

Amateur Radio, Volume 59, Issues 1-6 "Steve Bowden, ZC4BX, recently returned to the UK after three years on Cyprus, where he initiated and managed the ZC4 award." There are about 52 amateurs licensed in this manner. Amateur radio direction finding identified RAF Akrotiri as the location of the powerful but now defunct shortwave numbers station "Lincolnshire Poacher". Several curtain antennas there have been identified as being used for these transmissions.

On 21 September 1924 several amateurs in California completed two-way contacts with an amateur in New Zealand. On 19 October amateurs in New Zealand and England completed a 90 minute two-way contact nearly halfway around the world. On 10 October the Third National Radio Conference made three shortwave bands available to U.S. amateurs at 80 meters (3.75 MHz), 40 meters (7 MHz) and 20 meters (14 MHz).

Vanguardia de la Ciencia was a Spanish science podcast and radio program which was broadcast on the shortwave band by Radio Exterior de España, one of the stations of Radio Nacional de España (RNE). The program aired weekly, without interruption, from April 1995 until June 2007. It was available for download as mp3-files from the web pages of RNE from September 2003. The program was created by Ángel Rodríguez Lozano.

Arthur A. Collins founded Collins Radio Company in 1933 in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. It designed and produced both shortwave radio equipment and equipment for the burgeoning AM Broadcast industry. Collins was solicited by the military, the scientific community and by the larger AM radio stations for special equipment. Collins supplied the equipment to establish a communications link with the South Pole expedition of Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd in 1933.

In the early 1990s, KWIX-KRES radio's on-air staff included St. Louis-area transplants such as Bryan Polcyn, Doug Stewart, Mike Roberts and Paul Lewandowski. This is a reassignment of a callsign. The original KWIX was a shortwave radio station based in San Francisco, California, commissioned by the federal government in World War II. It served as the basis for what later became the Voice of America.

Radio México Internacional is a Mexican government-run radio service based in Mexico City. It broadcast as a shortwave radio station with the broadcast callsign XERMX-OC from 1969 to 2004, and was relaunched as an Internet-only radio service in 2011. Since 1983 it has been under the control of the Instituto Mexicano de la Radio (IMER). The -OC suffix is from onda corta, Spanish for "short wave".

UBA supports amateur radio operators in Belgium by sponsoring amateur radio operating awards, radio contests, and Amateur Radio Direction Finding competitions. The UBA also operates a QSL bureau for those members who regularly communicate with amateur radio operators in other countries. UBA represents the interests of Belgian amateur radio operators and shortwave listeners before Belgian and international telecommunications regulatory authorities. The UBA also publishes a monthly membership magazine called CQ QSO.

Working as a broadcaster for shortwave radio service Radiojournal, a forerunner of Radio Prague, Skilling was in Prague in September 1938 when the Munich Agreement was signed, and was still in the country the following March when the Nazi occupation of Czechoslovakia began. During this period he also worked on news broadcasts for NBC and CBS. Skilling left Prague in April 1939, to finish his doctoral research in Nazi-ruled Vienna.

In 1969, Edel moved to Sioux Falls, South Dakota to anchor the television newscasts for KSOO-TV (later renamed KSFY-TV). In 1980, he moved to Washington, DC, where he worked at ABC as a news writer for Good Morning America. In 1982, Edel anchored the newscasts on the Voice of America shortwave radio service for eighteen years. After his retirement in 2000, Al Edel moved to Utah.

This was a daily pastime, an occasion for locals to meet and enjoy the programming. At first the programming was limited to news, government bulletins and recorded music. However, during the 1940s the station acquired a more powerful transmitter, reaching audiences in faraway countries with its shortwave signal. HRN was important during War World II, since it rebroadcast information from the BBC in London and NBC in the United States.

Radio towers of Transmitter Mühlacker in September 2004 (from left to the right): Steel framework tower for directional radio, height: 93 m, built in 2004; reflector mast for medium wave with antennas for mobile phone services, height: 80 m, year of construction 1977; Main transmission mast for medium wave and FM, height: 273 m, built in 1950; reflector mast for medium wave, height: 130 m, built in 1954. Between the main transmission mast and the reflector mast there are the two small grey masts, which can be hardly seen in the picture and which carry the shortwave antenna The Mühlacker Broadcasting Transmission Facility is a radio transmission facility near Mühlacker, Germany, first put into service on November 21, 1930. It uses two guyed steel tube masts as aerials and one guyed steel framework mast, which are insulated against ground. It has two transmission aerials for shortwave and one free standing steel framework tower for directional radio services.

During the rise of Hollywood, NBC's radio operation was moved to Los Angeles. In 1941, just before World War II, NBC constructed Radio City at 420 Taylor Street, considered one of the best radio facilities built during radio's golden age. However, with the network control having been moved to Los Angeles, the San Francisco NBC building was never fully utilized. (Later, the building housed KBHK-TV, and now houses the headquarters of Reddit.) During World War II, KPO's news bureau was the major source of NBC of news about the war in the Pacific, and operated shortwave radio stations (transmitters located in Dixon) serving the world. It was at the KPO (RCA) shortwave facility that the message was received that Japanese emperor Hirohito had surrendered, ending World War II. On November 23, 1947, NBC changed KPO's call sign to KNBC, to strengthen its identity as an NBC station (and the only radio station NBC ever owned on the West Coast).

Mexican broadcast stations are assigned call signs beginning with "XE" (for mediumwave and shortwave stations) or "XH" (for FM radio and television stations), followed by one and up to five letters and a suffix according to the band in which they broadcast, these suffixes are: "-AM", "-OC" (shortwave or Onda Corta), "-FM" and "-TDT" (Terrestrial Digital Television). The "-OL" (longwave or Onda Larga) and "-TV" suffixes are currently phased out as those bands are no longer used. Some FM and television stations have call signs beginning with "XE", usually reserved for AM radio stations. Most of these "XE" cases in FM and television stations were solicited by the concessionaires themselves so the stations would have the same call sign as an existing AM station (as it is the case of XEW-AM, XEW-TV and XEW-FM, all founded and owned by the Azcárraga family), while others are for disambiguation (like XHTV-TV and XETV-TV or XEIMT-TV and XHIMT-TV).

Upward vertical motion will often follow. Specifically, a cold front, sea/lake breeze, outflow boundary, or forcing through vorticity dynamics (differential positive vorticity advection) of the atmosphere such as with troughs, both shortwave and longwave. Jet streak dynamics through the imbalance of Coriolis and pressure gradient forces, causing subgeostrophic and supergeostrophic flows, can also create upward vertical velocities. There are numerous other atmospheric setups in which upward vertical velocities can be created.

Skywave modes of radio communication operate by bending (refracting) radio waves (electromagnetic radiation) through the Ionosphere. During the "peaks" of the solar cycle, the ionosphere becomes increasingly ionized by solar photons and cosmic rays. This affects the propagation of the radio wave in complex ways that can either facilitate or hinder communications. Forecasting of skywave modes is of considerable interest to commercial marine and aircraft communications, amateur radio operators and shortwave broadcasters.

The CBC operates Radio Canada International (RCI), an online service. RCI ended its shortwave radio broadcast in June 2012. In some remote Canadian tourist areas, such as national or provincial parks, the CBC also operates a series of transmitters which broadcast weather alerts from Environment Canada's Weatheradio Canada service. The CBC formerly operated Galaxie, a digital television radio service which provides 45 channels of music programming to digital cable subscribers in both English and French.

Collins R-390A shortwave communications receiver Older vacuum tube-based communications receivers are affectionately known as boatanchors for their large size and weight. Such receivers include the Collins R-390 and R-390A, the RCA AR-88, the Racal RA-17L and the Marconi Elettra. However, even modern solid-state receivers can be very large and heavy, such as the Plessey PR2250, the Redifon R551 or the Rohde & Schwarz EK070.Osterman, Fred (1998).

Assuming that other servicemen had similar problems receiving mail from the folks back home, Jill conceived a radio program that featured recorded music and friendly talk. Officials in the United States Office of War Information approved the idea, and the Jack and Jill show was born featuring Jill and her husband. When he entered the Army, Jill began doing the program as a solo host. The show was broadcast from San Francisco via shortwave radio.

'IMAGINATION' came about as a therapeutic way of passing the time whilst recovering from that illness. TIME: Each Thursday evening between 8pm and midnight UK time (1900 to 2300 UTC European summer, 2000 to 0000 UTC European winter). FREQUENCY: First via Shortwave, later as part of Radio Caroline via the Astra satellites at 19.2° east and 28.2° east (from UK), first in analogue as a subcarrier of the Travel Shop TV program, later in digital.

A similar system continued for many years in Canada's far north; Alma or Val-d'Or were points directly reachable by wire from which calls going further north were at one time carried manually by shortwave radio links. These manual links were gradually rendered obsolete by communications satellites and satellite telephony; even the North Pole, well beyond the reach of geosynchronous satellites, should be within the costly but automated reach of the Iridium satellite constellation.

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Heat Island Group has converted a portion of a parking lot into a cool pavement exhibit. Cool pavement is a road surface that uses additives to reflect solar radiation unlike conventional dark pavement. Conventional dark pavements contribute to urban heat islands as they absorb 80–95% of sunlight and warm the local air. Cool pavements are made with different materials to increase albedo, thereby reflecting shortwave radiation out of the atmosphere.

In parallel, the church purchased a shortwave radio station and syndicated radio production to National Public Radio. However, revenues fell far short of optimistic predictions by church managers, who had ignored early warnings by members and media experts. In October 1991, after a series of conflicts over the boundaries between Christian Science teachings and his journalistic independence, John Hart resigned."Ex-anchor cites interference at Monitor" The Baltimore Sun September 2, 1992.

The first show reached the West Coast of the continental United States through shortwave radio. At its height, it was heard on over 750 stations around the world. However, when it went off the air in 1975, only 10 stations were airing the show. Because of its positive portrayal of Hawaii, the show received a subsidy for many years—first from the government of the Territory of Hawaii, and then from the State of Hawaii.

Bergling's shortwave radio with which he could receive Moscow's orders to him. Alongside the work home in Sweden, Bergling served several times in various UN battalions around the world. Bergling was a reserve officer in the Swedish Coastal Artillery, and in 1968 he was stationed in Cyprus as a military police chief. In November 1972 he came to the Middle East as a UN observer, at first in Israel and the following year in Lebanon.

The Russian agents used private Wi-Fi networks, flash memory sticks and text messages concealed in graphical images to exchange information. Custom steganographic software developed in Moscow was used where concealed messages were inserted into otherwise innocuous files. This program was initiated by using the Control-Alt-E keys and entering a 27-character password, which the FBI found written down. Coded bursts of data sent by a shortwave radio transmitter were also used.

This means that radio waves transmitted at an angle into the sky can be reflected back to Earth beyond the horizon, at great distances, even transcontinental distances. This is called skywave propagation. It is used by amateur radio operators to talk to other countries, and shortwave broadcasting stations that broadcast internationally. Skywave communication is variable, dependent on conditions in the upper atmosphere; it is most reliable at night and in the winter.

Long before automatic telephony became available, most countries, even in central Africa and Asia, had at least a few high-frequency (shortwave) telex links. Often, government postal and telegraph services (PTTs) initiated these radio links. The most common radio standard, CCITT R.44 had error-corrected retransmitting time- division multiplexing of radio channels. Most impoverished PTTs operated their telex-on-radio (TOR) channels non-stop, to get the maximum value from them.

Earth's radiation balance is quite closely achieved since the OLR very nearly equals the Shortwave Absorbed Radiation received at high energy from the sun. Thus, the Earth's average temperature is very nearly stable. The OLR balance is affected by clouds and dust in the atmosphere. Clouds tend to block penetration of long-wave radiation through the cloud and increases cloud albedo, causing a lower flux of long-wave radiation into the atmosphere.

Retrieved July 3, 2009. The organization was founded in 1992.Soyuz Radiolyubitelei Rossii (2009). Общие сведения, структура СРР . Retrieved July 3, 2009. SRR promotes amateur radio by sponsoring amateur radio operating awards and radio contests. SRR will be the host organization for the 2010 World Radiosport Team Championship, to be held in Moscow. The SRR also represents the interests of Russian amateur radio operators and shortwave listeners before Russian and international telecommunications regulatory authorities.

They are almost universally used in AM broadcast receivers. Other names for this type of antenna are loopstick, ferrite rod antenna or aerial, ferroceptor, or ferrod antenna. Often at shortwave frequencies Litz wire is used for the winding to reduce skin effect losses. Elaborate “basket weave” patterns are used at all frequencies to reduce self-capacitance in the coil and raise the loop self-resonance above the operating frequency, consequently improving the loop Q factor.

In 1931, Arnold Frederic Wilkins joined Watt's staff in Slough. As the "new boy", he was given a variety of menial tasks to complete. One of these was to select a new shortwave receiver for ionospheric studies, a task he undertook with total seriousness. After reading everything available on several units, he selected a model from the General Post Office (GPO) that worked at what was at that time very high frequencies.

Kvitsøy used to be the site of high power short wave and medium wave broadcasting transmitters of the national broadcasting company, NRK. The aerial tower of the medium-wave transmitter is the Kvitsøy Tower. The transmitter for the medium-wave channel 1314 kHz was switched off at 22:00 UTC (Midnight local time) on Friday June 30, 2006, shortwave broadcasts continued until 2011. In May and June 2012, the entire site was dismantled.

WLW's broadcasts from Ohio could be heard as far away as South America and Europe. The 500-kilowatt transmitter was crated for shipment to Asia, but the war ended before it was shipped. WLW's engineers also built high-power shortwave transmitters on a site about north of Cincinnati. Crosley Broadcasting, under contract to the U.S. government, began operating the Bethany Relay Station, which was dedicated on September 23, 1944, to broadcast "Voice of America" programming.

CFA Training College, Fiskville was the training college for members of the Country Fire Authority (CFA), a large, predominantly volunteer fire and emergency service which has legislative responsibility for fire and emergencies in regional Victoria (Australia). The site is also known as Fiskville, named for Ernest Fisk, of Amalgamated Wireless (Australasia). The college was located on the site of the old beam wireless shortwave transmitter, about 10 kilometres south of Ballan.Ballarat Tourism's CFA webpage.

It also provides a science-orientated internet channel: Deutschlandfunk Nova. ARD's best known radio station outside Germany is Deutsche Welle, which broadcasts its radio services around the world in many languages, mostly on analogue shortwave radio, online and FM partner stations. Deutsche Welle has no FM distribution in Germany. "Archivradio" is an ARD internet radio station which streams raw audio material from German sound archives, mainly the ARD radio archives and the DRA.

The Wertachtal transmitter site () in Bavaria, Germany, was from 1972 to 2013 the biggest shortwave broadcasting facility in Europe. It was located in the valley of the Wertach River near the village of Amberg (Swabia), and was originally operated by Deutsche Bundespost, and later by Media Broadcast GmbH. Before the site was closed, it included 14 500 kW radio transmitters and two 100 kW radio transmitters. It was built in 1969 and demolished in 2014.

Five transmitters needed to be installed before the beginning of the Summer Olympics. Test transmissions began on 10 April 1970 using the 500 kW transmitters; they stopped at the beginning of the Olympics. One of the four transmitters was used to transmit the Olympic program ARD-Olympiawelle on 5995 kHz while the others were used for foreign-language broadcasts. After the Olympics finished, the site was used by Germany's national shortwave broadcaster Deutsche Welle.

Their command wrote a report which stated that during the operation they had killed 12 Chetnik officers and soldiers, captured 482 men and two women, seized 317 guns, 21,000 bullets, three cars, 37 horses, two telegraph stations, one shortwave radio station, and other items. Having failed to eliminate the headquarters of Colonel Mihailović, Paul Bader announced on 9 December through radio, fliers and posters a bounty of 200,000 dinars for the head of Mihailović.

Carolyn and Jones began to live together more openly in Jonestown, sharing a cabin. Annie and another lover and aide of Jones', Maria Katsaris, also shared their quarters, as did Kimo and John Victor Stoen - a child Jones claimed to have fathered with a former Temple member, Grace. Carolyn divided her time between Jonestown and the Temple's headquarters in Georgetown, Guyana, often working as a shortwave radio operator. She also taught in Jonestown's high school.

Gregory Hammond Olsen (born April 20, 1945) is an American entrepreneur, engineer and scientist who, in October 2005, became the third private citizen to make a self-funded trip to the International Space Station with the company Space Adventures. Olsen was the co-founder and chairman of Sensors Unlimited Inc., a company developing optoelectronic devices such as sensitive near- infrared (NIR) and shortwave-infrared (SWIR) cameras. One of Sensors Unlimited's major customers is NASA.

The Squeaky Wheel (a nickname given by radio listeners) is a utility shortwave radio station that broadcasts a distinctive sound. From around 2000 until 2008 the station's attention tone was a high-pitched two tone signal that vaguely resembled a squeaky wheel. From 2008 the channel marker changed to two different tones in a short sequence repeated with a short silent gap. The frequencies were 5473 kHz (day) and 3828 kHz (night).

The Qatar Amateur Radio Society (QARS) is a national non-profit organization for amateur radio enthusiasts in Qatar. The organization uses QARS as its official international abbreviation, based on the English translation of the organization's name. QARS operates a QSL bureau for those members who regularly communicate with amateur radio operators in other countries. The QARS represents the interests of amateur radio operators and shortwave listeners in Qatar before national and international telecommunications regulatory authorities.

ALLISS technology, due to its cost and complexity—is out of reach to most consumers as a consumer product. Cheaper solutions to ALLISS exist in the shortwave broadcasting technology area. As a rule of thumb ALLISS systems should only be purchased if 360 degrees of coverage is necessary. ALLISS is only used by well funded broadcasting and telecommunications operations that intend to use the modules over their design lifespan of 50–60 years.

At 16:00 UTC that day, Betty made landfall in central Luzon south of Cape San Ildefonso, with the JTWC reporting winds of and the JMA estimating winds of . As Betty weakened over land, a subtropical ridge to Betty's north broke down. Betty began to turn north in response to a shortwave through offshore Taiwan. According to both the JTWC and JMA, the cyclone had weakened below typhoon intensity once it moved back over water.

Shortwave troughs embedded within the flow around larger scale troughs are smaller in scale, or mesoscale in nature. Both Rossby waves and shortwaves embedded within the flow around Rossby waves migrate equatorward of the polar cyclones located in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres. All share one important aspect, that of upward vertical motion within the troposphere. Such upward motions decrease the mass of local atmospheric columns of air, which lowers surface pressure.

The Unió de Radioaficionats Andorrans (URA) (in English, Andorran Amateur Radio Union) is a national non-profit organization for amateur radio enthusiasts in Andorra. URA operates a QSL bureau for those members who regularly communicate with amateur radio operators in other countries. URA represents the interests of Andorran amateur radio operators and shortwave listeners before Andorran and international telecommunications regulatory authorities. URA is the national member society representing Andorra in the International Amateur Radio Union.

RFA broadcasts in nine languages, via shortwave, satellite transmissions, medium-wave (AM and FM radio), and through the Internet. The first transmission was in Mandarin Chinese and it is RFA's most broadcast language at twelve hours per day. RFA also broadcasts in Cantonese, Tibetan (Kham, Amdo, and Uke dialects), Uyghur, Burmese, Vietnamese, Lao, Khmer (to Cambodia) and Korean (to North Korea). The Korean service launched in 1997 with Jaehoon Ahn as its founding director.

Radio New Zealand headquarters in Wellington. New Zealand radio is dominated by twenty-seven networks and station-groups, but also includes several local and low-powered stations. Radio New Zealand operates four public service networks: the flagship Radio New Zealand National, the classical music network Radio New Zealand Concert, the Pacific shortwave service Radio New Zealand International and the Parliamentary broadcasters AM Network. Two companies have a staunch rivalry in the commercial radio market.

It also provided programs directed toward Taiwan and overseas Chinese listeners. Radio Beijing broadcast to the world in thirty-eight foreign languages, Standard Mandarin, and a number of Chinese varieties, including Xiamen, Cantonese, and Hakka. It also provided English-language news programs aimed at foreign residents in Beijing. Medium- wave, shortwave, and FM stations reached 80 percent of the country — over 160 radio stations and 500 relay and transmission stations — with some 240 radio programs.

FM and AM transmissions continued throughout Greece with some interruptions and shortwave transmissions continued with a weaker transmission power. All radio stations were also available as webstreams. The TV channel was sporadically transmitted in conventional means (analogue transmitters in Thessaloniki), and was always available as a webstream. In April 2015, the Hellenic Parliament approved the draft of re-opening ERT S.A. and also voted and approved the draft of re-opening this broadcaster.

That morning, Nora turned more northwesterly in response to a weakening in a subtropical ridge and an approaching shortwave trough over China. Steady weakening continued over the following days, with the storm brushing the northeastern tip of Luzon, Philippines, with winds of 175-185 km/h (110-115 mph) on October 7. Nora's intensity leveled out around 130 km/h (80 mph) on October 8 as it tracked between the Philippines and Taiwan.

Jahren: 163 A one-kilowatt shortwave broadcasting transmitter for radio was built at Jeløy in 1934. This was used to send radio broadcasts to Vadsø, where they were re-transmitted.Horn: 18 This proved difficult to achieve high standards with and instead a high frequency transmission was installed and taken into use on 1 September 1935.Horn: 19 With the 1939 opening of Oslo Airport, Fornebu, the North American receiver station was moved to Ski.

During the Cold War it served as the GDR's (East Germany's) international shortwave station Radio Berlin International (RBI), and was the East Bloc's second most powerful radio station, disseminating Communist propaganda to other countries. Since German Reunification in 1991 it has been operated by Deutsche Telekom, Germany's state telecommunication service. The original 1920 transmitter building designed by architect Herman Muthesius is still used; it is the only remaining building designed by that architect.

The broadcasts on shortwave from Yle were closed at the end of 2006. Expatriate organisations had been campaigning for a continued service, but their efforts did not succeed in maintaining the service or even in slowing the process. The decision also affected a high-powered medium wave on 963 kHz (312m). A smaller medium wave covering the Gulf of Finland region (558 kHz, 538m) remained on air for a few more years.

The Rush Limbaugh Show airs on a network of approximately 590 AM and FM affiliate stations throughout the United States, almost all of which air the program live. During its existence, WRNO broadcast the program on shortwave radio. Limbaugh also hosts his own online Internet streaming audio and video broadcast, through Streamlink. This broadcast is restricted to members of Limbaugh's “Rush 24/7” service, but can also be heard on some stations' streaming audio feeds.Streamingradioguide.

The former abbreviation SRI originally stood only for "Swiss Radio International", which was SRG SSR's international broadcasting arm (1935-2004), aimed at expatriates and others interested in Switzerland. In October 2004, SRI ceased broadcasting on shortwave and satellite, and instead concentrated its efforts on its multimedia internet platform Swissinfo.ch, which now takes most of the resources. The Swissinfo website is produced in English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Arabic, Chinese, Russian and Japanese.

During the Yan'an Rectification Movement, Li protected top technical experts such as and from persecution. In May 1944, he was appointed President of Yan'an Natural Science Institute, the CPC's first technical university, and reformed its curriculum to serve industrial and agricultural production. During the Chinese Civil War, Li oversaw arms production in Communist- controlled areas. He also established a shortwave radio station for the Xinhua News Agency to broadcast messages from the CPC leadership.

On 31 January 1945, the facility was destroyed by the largest part of the withdrawing Wehrmacht armed forces. After World War II a transmitter was operated on the site by the Soviet Foreign Service. From the mid 1950s until the mid 1990s a local program was broadcast there with low power. A shortwave facility for cross-border skywave jamming beamed towards the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia and Bulgaria has existed in Lidzbark Warmiński.

This was believed to be the first time that this was done in the world. WIXAL was the brainchild of Walter Lemmon, who had been an aide to Woodrow Wilson at the Paris Peace Conference. His idea was to create a radio university to promote international culture, a kind of “National Public Radio on shortwave”. (Berg, Jerome, S. (1999) On the Short Waves, 1923—1945: broadcast listening in the pioneering days of radio. McFarland.

RNARS is open to membership by people from 'allied' nations. For instance, there are members in countries such as the United States and the Netherlands, and a semi-autonomous national group in Australia that has stations in three museum ships: HMAS Vampire, HMAS Diamantina, and HMAS Castlemaine. RNARS offers several certificates for Amateurs and Shortwave listeners (SWLs) who make contacts or copy transmissions by RNARS members. There is also a Morse Code speed certificate.

The frequency was changed to 6.16 MHz in 1963. In 1965, the call sign was changed to CKZN, recognizing that, technically, the CB call sign prefix was assigned to Chile on an international basis. In 1989, the shortwave relay began to rebroadcast CFGB-FM in Happy Valley-Goose Bay, part-time as well as CBN. Eventually, in 1994, the station no longer relayed CBN, and became a full-time rebroadcaster of CFGB-FM.

This leads to more scattering of shortwave radiation i.e. an increase in the albedo of the cloud, known as the Cloud albedo effect, First indirect effect or Twomey effect. Evidence supporting the cloud albedo effect has been observed from the effects of ship exhaust plumes and biomass burning on cloud albedo compared to ambient clouds. The Cloud albedo aerosol effect is a first order effect and therefore classified as a radiative forcing by the IPCC.

The drawbacks to this system included a very limited spectrum available for long-distance communication, and the very expensive transmitters, receivers, and gigantic antennas that were required. Long waves are also difficult to beam directionally, resulting in a major loss of power over long distances. Prior to the 1920s, the shortwave frequencies above 1.5 MHz were regarded as useless for long-distance communication and were designated in many countries for amateur use.

By 1930, the Daily News began experimenting with mechanical television broadcasting. A published announcement of March 30, 1930, indicated the equipment would be installed and operable within two months. The video signal was to be sent by the shortwave radio station W9XAP, while the audio would be broadcast on the normal WMAQ radio frequency. WMAQ did not receive an experimental license from the Federal Radio Commission to operate station W9XAP until September 2, 1930.

Both albums were well received. The song "World Service", inspired by the BBC World Service, was released as a single and combines shortwave radio with heavy dance beats. Moore has worked in various European locations as a freelance composer, writing songs and film scores. He produced a number of albums, including This Heat's debut album, Angel Station by Manfred Mann's Earth Band (in conjunction with Mann who later covered his song "World Service").

P. Eötvös, D. von Biel, G. Rodens, W. Fromme, H. Albrecht; second row, second from left: H.-A. Billig; far right: C. Caskel. Also in the photograph, but who was not involved in the Expo 70 performances of Spiral, standing at the left, next to the composer, is the sound engineer Volker Müller Spiral (Spiral [adj.], Spirally), for a soloist with a shortwave receiver, is a composition by Karlheinz Stockhausen, written in 1968.

After the war ended, he married Anita Bucilli, and they had her firstborn son, Giorgio. In 1928 he participated in airship Italia polar expedition led by Nobile. On May 24, 1928 the airship crashed while flying back from the North Pole. After the crash Biagi repeatedly sent the SOS signal to the support ship Città di Milano, using small shortwave transmitter Ondina 33 S. Separate device, Burndept MK IV, was used as receiver.

During a school break in 1949, Kennedy worked at his uncle's hairdressing shop at 475 Collins Street, where he met clients who worked in the same building for the Radio Australia shortwave service of the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC). He accepted a job as a news runner from Collins Street to the ABC studios in Lonsdale Street. Shortly after he joined radio station 3UZ, working in the station's record library.Blundell (2003), p. 28.

As this occurred near the end of the Cold War, an unknown number of people worried that a nuclear first strike might be in progress. Others incorrectly considered the intense auroras to be associated with the Space Shuttle mission STS-29, which had been launched on March 13 at 9:57:00 a.m. Substantial communications blackouts occurred. The burst caused shortwave radio interference, including the disruption of radio signals from Radio Free Europe into Russia.

Its function was to oversee various Australian government programs relating to the broadcasting of ABC and SBS television and radio programs within Australia and of ABC Radio Australia on shortwave internationally. This was done primarily through administering maintenance and equipment supply contracts. The NTA's funding agreement with the Department of Finance required it to meet savings and performance targets. It had to do this while maintaining the integrity and reliability of the transmission facilities themselves.

The Besnard Lakes: "Would Anybody Come To Visit Me", Static Caravan Records, retrieved August 21, 2008. It was nominated for the 2007 Polaris Music Prize. Many songs on The Besnard Lakes Are the Dark Horse are prefaced by recordings from shortwave radio number stations as first made popular in recordings such as The Conet Project. A third studio album, The Besnard Lakes Are the Roaring Night, was released on Jagjaguwar on March 9, 2010.

The Zeesen short-wave transmitter was a 70-metre-high shortwave radio transmission mast constructed at Zeesen in Germany in 1931. Consisting of a lattice tower of pitch pine timbers, it was one of Germany's first short-wave broadcasting transmitters. It was equipped with four transmitting arms, at 90-degree separation, surmounted by two omnidirectional aerials. In 1939, the wooden tower was replaced by a 70-metre high steel mast with a single omnidirectional aerial.

The Pip (a nickname given by radio listeners) is a shortwave radio station that broadcasts on the frequency 5448 kHz by day, and 3756 kHz during the night. It broadcasts short, repeated beeps at a rate of around 50 per minute, for 24 hours per day. The beep signal is occasionally interrupted by voice messages in Russian. The Pip has been active since around 1985, when its distinctive beeping sound was first recorded by listeners.

Malpee went bankrupt in 1963, and KFIL went silent. George W. Smith bought the station out of bankruptcy the next year and changed its call sign to KYMS. The new station broadcast from studios in the Saddleback Inn Hotel in Santa Ana, with "prestige-type" easy listening music. It also received a first-of-its-kind authorization from the Federal Communications Commission to rebroadcast news programs from the BBC World Service received via shortwave.

These were limited to frequencies of 0.1 – 2 MHz, called "longwave" diathermy. The current was applied directly to the body with contact electrodes, which could cause skin burns. In the 1920s the development of vacuum tube machines allowed frequencies to be increased to 10 – 300 MHz, called "shortwave" diathermy. The energy was applied to the body with inductive coils of wire or capacitive plates insulated from the body, which reduced the risk of burns.

The BBC World Service is an international broadcaster owned and operated by the BBC. It is the world's largest of any kind. It broadcasts radio news, speech and discussions in more than 40 languages to many parts of the world on analogue and digital shortwave platforms, internet streaming, podcasting, satellite, DAB, FM and MW relays. In 2015, The World Service reached an average of 210 million people a week (via TV, radio and online).

This decision reflected the financial situation the Corporation faced following transfer of responsibility for the Service from the Foreign Office, so that it would in future have been funded from within licence-fee income. The Russian, Ukrainian, Mandarin Chinese, Turkish, Vietnamese and Spanish for Cuba services ceased radio broadcasting, and the Hindi, Indonesian, Kyrgyz, Nepali, Swahili, Kinyarwanda and Kirundi services ceased shortwave transmissions. As part of the 16% budget cut, 650 jobs were eliminated.

This means that radio waves transmitted at an angle into the sky can be reflected back to Earth beyond the horizon, at great distances, even transcontinental distances. This is called skywave propagation. It is used by amateur radio operators to talk to other countries, and shortwave broadcasting stations that broadcast internationally. Skywave communication is variable, dependent on conditions in the upper atmosphere; it is most reliable at night and in the winter.

The latter came to prominence because the continuous mode produced too much heating too rapidly, making patients uncomfortable. The technique only heats tissues that are good electrical conductors, such as blood vessels and muscle. Adipose tissue (fat) receives little heating by induction fields because an electrical current is not actually going through the tissues. Studies have been performed on the use of shortwave radiation for cancer therapy and promoting wound healing, with some success.

The station currently transmits English programming to Africa, Southeast Asia, the Middle East and Europe, and Spanish programming to South America, the Caribbean, Mexico and Central America. Programming is similar to that of the network's television channel. On March 30, 2008, EWTN ceased all Shortwave transmissions to North America and expanded its English language coverage of WEWN to India, the Middle East and Southeast Asia. Spanish Language coverage was also expanded to Cuba, South America, Mexico and the Caribbean.

Some of its programming also aired over shortwave station WWCR. On November 29, 1997, a fire broke out at KHNC's studio base, destroying the former farm store, which also housed a magazine known as American Freedom. The blaze was started by a faulty hot plate inside the residence of Suzanne Harris and Peter Ludwell, who hosted a show on the station and lived in the building; the transmitter, located on Wiedeman's farm, was not damaged. Wiedeman died in 2015.

McCutcheon was till late 2006 the host of a popular talkback radio program Australia Talks Back, since renamed "Australia Talks" on ABC Radio National . Australia Talks Back was the only whole-continent talkback radio program. It has also gathered listeners from around the world through the internet and Radio Australia shortwave broadcasts. It ran for an hour every weekday and attracted a wide variety of audiences, who discuss a particular topic every day, reviewing the week's topics on Friday.

This greatly extended range, allowing lower power transmitters to be used for very long-range communications. By 1923 a number of amateur radio operators (hams) demonstrated excellent performance at 100 m and started routine trans-Atlantic communications the next year. This led to a number of new frequency bands being defined in this shortwave region, as short as 10 m (which is very long by today's standards). By 1930 these frequencies were in widespread use for many purposes.

This interdisciplinary group is dedicated to the goal of researching into the ionosphere and developing new forms of antennae, serving as an interface between high-tech, art and science. Gruber’s expeditions – like that in 2016 to Cambodia, where he also operates a shortwave test transmitterwww.qrz.com/db/XU7AKB – illustrate his continuing restless search for new experiences and discoveries. Since 2016 he has also been publishing in the radio amateur journal HBradio, where he regularly contributes articles in the ‘Newcomer’ series.

Fluorescence of Aragonite Gemstones, minerals, may have a distinctive fluorescence or may fluoresce differently under short-wave ultraviolet, long-wave ultraviolet, visible light, or X-rays. Many types of calcite and amber will fluoresce under shortwave UV, longwave UV and visible light. Rubies, emeralds, and diamonds exhibit red fluorescence under long-wave UV, blue and sometimes green light; diamonds also emit light under X-ray radiation. Fluorescence in minerals is caused by a wide range of activators.

The first indications of a possible tornado outbreak came on May 13 as weather forecast models began depicting a multi-day severe weather event across the Central United States. On May 16, a shortwave trough, along with a surface front emerged from the Rockies into the High Plains. Only scattered thunderstorms accompanied the system, with few reaching severe levels. Only 13 reports of large hail and damaging winds in Colorado, Kansas, and Nebraska, were received by the SPC.

Rowe has also created a frequency-division multiplex (FDM) modem which carries the digital voice (DV) in only 1.3 kHz of radio bandwidth. The codec and FDM modem are used every day on amateur radio shortwave bands using both the SM1000 hardware implementation, and the FreeDV application. This modem operates at 50 Baud with a bit rate of 1600 bit/s. This is sent using sixteen QPSK FDM carriers (2 bits each), or 32 bits 50 times a second.

Transmission diagram of sound broadcasting (AM and FM) Broadcasting by radio takes several forms. These include AM and FM stations. There are several subtypes, namely commercial broadcasting, non-commercial educational (NCE) public broadcasting and non-profit varieties as well as community radio, student-run campus radio stations, and hospital radio stations can be found throughout the world. Many stations broadcast on shortwave bands using AM technology that can be received over thousands of miles (especially at night).

The goal of allowing radio advertisements was to help provide additional funding to NBC stations beyond that received from the government. The Federal Parliament approved the creation of the Voice of Nigeria (VON) external shortwave service in 1961. Broadcasts began on January 1, 1961, from Lagos State. Its initial operations were limited to two hours a day to West Africa, but by 1963 VON had expanded both its coverage and transmission times with the addition of five additional transmitters.

Sister ministries now include: Prayercast.com, One Way Africa, One Way Music and One Way Interns. MNN is also a founding member of the Alliance For The Unreached, the group behind the International Day For the Unreached, which is Pentecost Sunday. Today, MNN is heard on over 700+ radio stations in 31 different countries – plus via shortwave to Europe, Africa, the Americas and the South Pacific – and on the Internet, providing daily updates on evangelical mission activity around the globe.

In 1800 German scientist Alexander von Humboldt and French botanist Aimé Bonpland explored the river. During a 1924–25 expedition, Alexander H. Rice, Jr. of Harvard University traveled up the Orinoco, traversed the Casiquiare canal, and descended the Rio Negro to the Amazon at Manaus. It was the first expedition to use aerial photography and shortwave radio for mapping of the region. In 1968 the Casiquiare was navigated by an SRN6 hovercraft during a National Geographic expedition.

Several broadcasters recorded some sports from Japan and flown over to their countries. TRANSPAC-1, the first trans-Pacific communications cable from Japan to Hawaii was also finished in June 1964 in time for these games. Before this, most communications from Japan to other countries were via shortwave. The start of operations for the first Japanese bullet train (the Tokaido Shinkansen) between Tokyo Station and Shin-Ōsaka Station was scheduled to coincide with the Olympic games.

The Voice of America ran a shortwave transmitter site that was formerly owned and operated by NBC as KNBA from 1963–1982. NBC built the site in 1944 not too long before the end of World War II in 1945. The station served as a relay to both NBC International programming overseas, and as a relay of KNBR and its programming overseas, mostly the Pacific area. There is also a military transmission site, the Dixon Naval Radio Transmitter Facility.

Radio Nacional de Venezuela is a government radio station in Venezuela. Broadcasting began in 1936.Radio Nacional de Venezuela (RNV) - Company Profile and Analysis; Historia de Radio Nacional de Venezuela The station is currently run by the Venezuelan governments Ministry of Popular Power for Communication and Information (MINCI). For external broadcasting there is a shortwave station south-east of CalabozoCentro de Ondas Cortas “Simón Bolívar” (COCSB) de Radio Nacional de Venezuela (2011; ) replacing a mediumwave station on Paraguaná Peninsula.

Radio Antilles was a radio station operated by the Antilles Radio Corporation which began broadcasting in 1963. It was located on the Caribbean island of Montserrat. The broadcast studios were located in the capital city of Plymouth, with the transmission site at O'Garro's on the southern slopes of the Soufriere Hills volcano near Morris. Deutsche Welle became a shareholder in 1972 and added some low-power shortwave transmitters at the O'Garro's site which came into service in 1978.

The majority of EiTB's broadcasts deal with local news and entertainment. In Francoist Spain, the Basque underground had an independent voice, Radio Euskadi, which operated on shortwave from two continents."A voice from outside of town – Radio Euskadi, the Voice of the Basque underground", Radio Netherlands Archives, February 27, 1997 On 20 May 1982 the Basque Parliament unanimously approved the law that set up Euskal Irrati Telebista and on 23 November, the radio channel Euskadi Irratia started broadcasting.

The Greatest Story Ever Told is an American old-time radio religious drama. It was broadcast on ABC from January 26, 1947, until December 30, 1956. Beginning July 25, 1948, the program was also broadcast via shortwave radio to 58 other countries by the World Wide Broadcasting Foundation. The Greatest Story Ever Told, the title of which was used for Fulton Oursler's 1949 book, used dramatized sketches to depict events in the life of Jesus Christ.

In June 1945, Downs joined a group of airborne correspondents organized by Tex McCrary to cover the Twentieth Air Force. The group included journalists Bill Lawrence, George Silk, Homer Bigart, and others. They toured Europe in the weeks after V-E Day in a custom B-17 fitted with high-powered shortwave radio equipment. They started with Paris and moved on to examine first-hand the destruction from the Allied bombing campaigns on Hamburg and Dresden.

By that afternoon, it became clear that the weakening was the result of increased upper-level convergence caused by a rapidly strengthening TUTT extending southwestward from a TUTT cell. At that time, Tembin was tracking north-northwestward at and was located approximately southeast of Taipei, Taiwan. A deep mid-latitude shortwave trough was tracking northeastward across eastern China. It was expected to track north of the system and then track into the Sea of Japan and steer Tembin westward.

The "Kerbango Internet Radio" was the first stand-alone product that let users listen to Internet radio without a computer. The 2000s saw the introduction of digital radio and direct broadcasting by satellite (DBS) in the USA. Digital radio services, except in the United States, were allocated a new frequency band in the range of 1.4 GHz. Regular shortwave broadcasts using Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM), a digital broadcasting scheme for short and medium wave broadcasts have begun.

In contrast to pirate radio stations which broadcast illegally, border blasters are generally licensed by the government upon whose soil they are located. Pirate radio stations are freebooters from offshore, outside the territorial waters of the nation they target, or ones that are illegally operating in defiance of national law within its sovereign territory. They also contrast with shortwave radio broadcasters, which operate on frequencies expressly designated for international broadcasts, whereas border blasters use frequencies designated for domestic broadcasts.

Dynamic carrier control (DCC) is a method of reducing power consumption in radio transmitters during periods of low audio activity or silence. It is a type of Modulation-Dependent Carrier Level control, or MDCL. All modern high- power (>50 kW) shortwave radio transmitters incorporate DCC of some kind, as well as some mediumwave (MW) transmitters. DCC causes the carrier wave level to be automatically reduced when the audio is very weak or no audio is present.

Although Radio Caroline (which returned to the air under new management following the demise of the original Caroline Network company of the 1960s), offered two AM stations and one shortwave station in the 1980s from one ship, the power of these stations did not match the potential of the stations aboard the Olga Patricia of 1966. Radio Northsea International was theoretically capable of broadcasting with 105,000 watts of power on MW (with additional SW and FM frequencies).

As the attacks continue, it is revealed that they are not random. Instead, Lil' Slugger seems to target people in crisis, and the attacks, though violent, lead to some improvement in the life of the victim. Maniwa becomes convinced that Lil' Slugger is a supernatural force, driven to rescue the desperate from their tragedies through violence. He becomes obsessive, broadcasting his warning about Lil' Slugger via shortwave radio and seeking a way to kill the supernatural assailant.

He began his journalism career working for Herut LaNoar. During the 1960s, he spent time in London and served as broadcaster in the BBC's daily Hebrew broadcastings, that were transmitted to Israel via shortwave. Since the 1970s, Ahimeir has been a presenter on Kol Yisrael and Channel 1. He served as a political reporter and as a correspondent from Washington D.C.. During his dozens of years of journalistic work, he covered many of Israel's important political events.

Trans World Radio (TWR) is a multinational evangelical Christian media distributor. The largest Christian media organization in the world, it uses mediumwave or high-powered AM and shortwave transmitters, local FM radio stations, cable, satellite, Internet, and mobile device technologies. Currently, their programs can be heard in 190 countries in more than 275 languages and dialects. TWR distributes programs for ministries such as Thru the Bible, In Touch, and Insight for Living as well as their own programs.

Broadcasting to The Gambia and Senegal on medium wave, the station ceased transmitting in September 2002 when the antennae collapsed. This site was subsequently used by a number of visiting Amateur Radio operators from the USA and Europe for so-called DX-pedition. At the end of January 2020, the building was totally destroyed in a violent fire, which marks the end of Radio Syd. In 1984 a short comeback - now on shortwave - was a grand success.

A part-owner of the Pittsburgh Pirates, who was too superstitious to watch the Series live, Crosby listened to the decisive contest with his wife Kathryn and two friends on a shortwave radio in Paris, France. Wanting to watch the game at a later date only if the Pirates won, he arranged for a company to record it. After viewing the kinescope, he placed it in his wine cellar, where it went untouched for 49 years.

Over the years NAA eliminated its entertainment broadcasts, and the time signal broadcasts on 690 kHz were ended in 1936."Across the Editor's Desk", Radex, March 1938, p. 40. After this time signals continued to be sent, most commonly on a longwave frequency of 113 kHz and the shortwave frequency of 9.425 MHz. In the mid-1930s NAA was paired with NSS in Annapolis, Maryland to make joint transmissions, with both stations automatically controlled by the Washington observatory.

Snowfall over the Midwest on December 21 Around the beginning of winter, a potent blizzard moved across the Upper Midwest into the Ohio Valley, dumping as much as . On December 17, an upper-level shortwave and associated trough made landfall along the coast of the Pacific Northwest. The system initially moved towards the southeast, strengthening over the Rocky Mountains. This led to the development and formation of a surface low over eastern Colorado early on December 19.

At Mussoorie, Saeed and his brother Waheed would often sneak out at night to watch British and American films at the local theatres. In 1945, Jaffrey gained admission to Allahabad University where he completed his B.A. degree in 1948 and M.A. degree in 1950. At Allahabad, Saeed learned about Hindu religion and mythology for the first time. While visiting his father in Gorakhpur in the winter of 1945, Saeed discovered the BBC World Service on the shortwave radio.

In 2002, Strom published Oliver's book, The Jewish Strategy. Strom is a former broadcast engineer and holds amateur radio license WB4AIO. Between 1983 and 1991, a pirate radio station named Voice of Tomorrow operated on shortwave and mediumwave frequencies,Amazon Online Reader : Pirate Radio Stations: Tuning in to Underground Broadcasts in the Air and Online and broadcast openly racist and neo-Nazi material. According to Strom's ex-wife, Kirsten Kaiser, Voice of Tomorrow was operated by Strom.

The Hardy Boys hear a mysterious call for help on their shortwave radio set: "Help -- Hudson". Meanwhile, Fenton Hardy is investigating nation-wide thefts of radio equipment by a group of criminals called "The Hudson Gang". But of more immediate concern is the theft of several auction items, at an auction attended by Chet Morton and the Hardy Boys. The stolen items are mostly animal skins and carcasses intended for use in taxidermy, Chet's latest hobby.

At the time of being upgraded, the circulation was located on the northwest side of the convection due to wind shear. Throughout its duration, the depression maintained a northeast track, due to an approaching shortwave trough to its north. Late on May 31, the poorly organized center crossed western Cuba, accompanied by heavy rainfall but light winds. By the time the circulation reached the Florida Straits, it was exposed and removed from the convection, although slight intensification was anticipated.

The Lesotho Amateur Radio Society (LARS) is a national non-profit organization for amateur radio enthusiasts in Lesotho. LARS operates a QSL bureau for those members who regularly communicate with amateur radio operators in other countries, and offers radio equipment to its members for their use. LARS represents the interests of Lesotho amateur radio operators and shortwave listeners before Lesotho and international telecommunications regulatory authorities. LARS is the national member society representing Lesotho in the International Amateur Radio Union.

KSDA-FM (91.9 FM) is the call sign for the radio station JOY FM broadcast at 91.9 FM from Agana Heights, in the United States territory of Guam. KSDA began as "Adventist World Radio-Asia" (AWR-Asia) in 1987 and continues to broadcast on shortwave from Agat, Guam to various countries in Asia. In 1990, AWR launched a local FM station at 91.9 MHz. KSDA-FM first broadcast from AWR's Agat studio, and later from Agana Heights.

Hirohito, Emperor of Japan On July 26 (Berlin time), the Potsdam Conference issued a declaration on the terms for the surrender of Japan. When the Potsdam Declaration was received in Japan over shortwave, the Minister for Foreign Affairs Shigenori Tōgō brought a copy to the Emperor of Japan, Hirohito. After going over the declaration point by point, the emperor asked Tōgō if those terms "were the most reasonable to be expected in the circumstances". Tōgō said that they were.

Reflections from aircraft were received on separate antennas using a similar RDF technique as the storm detectors. Although crude, it could be built using minor modifications of existing commercial shortwave broadcast electronics. These so-called Chain Home systems were being set up as early as 1936, and by 1939 a complete network was ready for battle. In order to provide the maximum warning time, the CH radars were located as far forward as possible, along the coastline.

Military use of shortwave is also common, but nearly all transmissions are encrypted, with voice encrypted using modes such as ANDVT. Data transmission may make use of encrypted RTTY, use Link-11 for radar tracking data, or use of Automatic Link Establishment (ALE) modes to set up communication links automatically. Some utility stations are on other frequency bands, including NOAA Weather Radio, traveler information stations, and the like; other utility-type signals are piggybacked on FM broadcast subcarriers.

One of the first portable shortwave radio receivers: Zenith Model 7G605 Trans-Oceanic 'Clipper' circa 1942. The Zenith 'T/O' began life in 1942 as the Model 7G605 'Trans-ocean Clipper'. Priced at $75, it was released in January but ceased production in April as Zenith shifted their production to war-related equipment. During this short production run, some 35,000 units were produced and sales data showed that many were sold to customers in the 'above average' income group.

David Bryant joined Godspeed You! Black Emperor in 1997 as a third guitarist, later also doing recording, mixing, and photography for the band. In 2001 David Bryant set up the experimental music project Set Fire to Flames combining post-rock with background noise and various other non-musical sound effects, creating a brooding, eerie, and minimalist sound. "Review of Hiss Tracts Shortwave Nights". Drowned in Sound, Tristan Bath May 7th, 2014"Set Fire to Flames Sings Reign Rebuilder Review".

However, subsequent research found that tardigrades, when hydrated, still remain highly resistant to shortwave UV radiation in comparison to other animals, and that one factor for this is their ability to efficiently repair damage to their DNA resulting from that exposure. The Dsup protein has been tested on other animal cells. Using a culture of human cells that express the Dsup protein, it was found that after X-ray exposure the cells had fewer DNA breaks than control cells.

Belyuen is a mainly Aboriginal community located 14 km to the south, via Cox Peninsula Road. Charles Point, is the most northerly point of the Cox Peninsula, approximately 15 km to the west. The historic Charles Point Lighthouse is located there, as was a Radio Australia shortwave transmitter station (now closed and dismantled). Mandorah, 5 km to the south east, was the home of the Mandorah Hotel, which overlooked Darwin Harbour, but was demolished in 2014.

Alexander Hamilton Rice, 'The Rio Negro, the Casiquiare Canal, and the Upper Orinoco', The Geographical Journal, London, 58:5, Nov. 1921 His most important exploration in 1924-25 was the first to use aerial photography (from a Curtis Sea-Gull biplane with floats) and shortwave radio for mapping. This four-month expedition ascended the Rio Branco and its Uraricoera headwater (past Maraca Island and the mighty Purumame waterfall) and then, leaving its boats, cutting trails into the Parima hills.

However, the cyclone was only a slightly weakened system by the time it emerged into the South China Sea the following day. At the same time, a shortwave trough began to force the storm northwestward towards China. At 0600 UTC on July 18, the JMA upgraded the cyclone to tropical storm status, designating it with the name Koni. Though conditions were more favorable over the South China Sea than over the Philippines, persistent, moderate wind shear prevented much strengthening.

The last programme broadcast on shortwave was a daily half-hour show in Spanish for Cuba named El Toque (The Touch) on 1 August 2014. Due to government directives, the service implemented a new mandate in 2013 to promote free speech. In 2017, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs altered the organisation's mission, cut the budget by nearly half and made 70% of the staff redundant. RNW Media now works to build digital communities for social change.

On May 21, the vigorous shortwave trough, co-located with a deep surface low, produced a violent tornado in Minnesota, while additional tornadoes killed fifteen people in Missouri. At the time, a potent mid-level jet stream produced winds of , providing ample wind shear for tornado-producing supercells. On May 22, surface weather analysis indicated another low-pressure area over southwestern Oklahoma. In attendance, a series of cold fronts affected western Texas and eastern New Mexico.

Karl Erich Rudolf Formis (25 December 1894 - 23 January 1935) was a German engineer and radio engineer at the Süddeutsche Rundfunk AG (SÜRAG) subsidiary of Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft. Formis was a pioneer of the German amateur radio movement. During the period of Nazi rule in Germany, he transmitted anti-Nazi radio broadcasts from Czechoslovakia for the Black Front organisation, using a self-built shortwave radio. Formis was murdered by the Sicherheitsdienst on the orders of Reinhard Heydrich.

The opening was covered by the city's two local newspapers, the Lynn Daily Evening Item and the Lynn Telegram-News. The new station's president was A. (Avigdor) M. "Vic" Morgan, a veteran broadcaster who had been involved with mechanical television in TV's formative years; he had been the general manager of the Shortwave & Television Company in Boston in the early 1930s.. Among the air-staff were greater Boston radio veterans like Ned French and Raymond Knight.

After studies of mathematics and physics in Freiburg and Munich (with Arnold Sommerfeld), under Jonathan Zenneck he wrote a thesis on partial reflection of radio waves in an ionospheric layer. Aware of this Johannes Plendl charged him to serve as adviser for the Shortwave communications of the German Luftwaffe, since 1943 for Navy and Army as well. Rawer's code assumes zig-zag paths between Earth and ionosphere. Monthly predictions take account of day-to-day variations.

Two-inch-diameter hail was reported in Lock Haven, Pennsylvania. An isolated supercell moved across Central New York throughout much of the afternoon, producing golf ball-sized hail in Syracuse and spawning a very brief EF1 tornado in Verona Mills, which primarily caused damage to trees. Another tornado — this one being in Gilbertsville — caused significant damage to a school's athletic field. The second surface low corresponded to an area of strong upper level divergence ahead of the downstream shortwave.

In 1941, operations were described as "the only international station in the United States authorized to operate on each of the six short-wave bands with unlimited frequencies and unlimited time. WLWO's assigned frequencies are: 6.08, 9.59, 11.71, 15.25, 17.80 and 21.65 megs", with programs in English, Spanish and Portuguese. In 1943, Crosley engineers built the U.S. government's Bethany shortwave transmitter site,"Bethany S. W. Transmitters Train Engineers for OWI", NBC Transmitter, August 1945, page 5.

On 3 October, Leslie developed a ragged eye, and it intensified to a hurricane at 06:00 UTC. At the same time, Leslie became stationary due to very weak steering current. Twelve hours later, Leslie achieved its initial peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of and a minimum central pressure of . Later that day, Leslie began to accelerate northward, under the influence of a shortwave trough to the northwest and a mid-level ridge to the southeast.

On 3 October 1990, the day the GDR reunified with the Federal Republic of Germany, all transmitters were switched off and the station was provisionally transferred to German international shortwave broadcaster Deutsche Welle. In 1991 it was taken over by Deusche Bundespost Telecom, Germany's Federal telecommunications service. It was decided to upgrade the station with new transmitters and antennas. Four modular rotating ALLISS antennas and 500 kW transmitters made by Thomcast Communications were installed between 1995 and 1997.

This was broadcast to the Netherlands via shortwave radio. That country was occupied by Nazi Germany at the time, and most of its church bells had been confiscated and melted down for matériel. Those that had not were not permitted to be rung, and the broadcast was thus intended to boost morale among the Dutch population. After Bethany Chapel burned down following its sale in 1946, the church was able to salvage its 1870 bell from the ruins.

It is a great help to overcome the Rana regime run. In 1951, after the revolution, 'Radio Prajatantra' of Biratnagar transferred to capital city Kathmandu at Singha Durbar by Tarini Prasad Koirala. Renamed radio station is 'RADIO NEPAL' and regularly started broadcasting at April 2, 1951, only 250-watt short wave transmitter was used at initial time. Now Radio Nepal has six medium wave relay stations, one shortwave relay station, and 20 FM relay stations (update April 19, 2016).

The district is the site of a Voice of America (VOA) relay station, built in 1994. The Voice of America will give the station to Thailand, but will be allowed to operate it under a 25-year renewable lease expiring in 2019. Each of the station's seven shortwave transmitters is capable of broadcasting 500 kilowatts of power, covering 40 percent of the earth's surface. One of the transmitters will be dedicated for use by Radio Thailand.

The NOAA Weather Radio network is provided as a public service by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NOAA also provides secondary weather information, usually limited to marine storm warnings for sea vessels navigating the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, to HF band "time stations" WWV and WWVH. These shortwave radio stations continuously broadcast time signals and disseminate the "official" U.S. Government time, and are operated by the Department of Commerce's National Institute of Standards and Technology.

This produces a high temperature that penetrates deeper. Shortwave produces a 27MHz current, microwaves use 915 and 2456 MHz, and ultrasound is an acoustic vibration of 1MHz. The way ultrasonic waves work is they selectively superimpose the incoming wave and increase the energy for absorption, and the significant part of the longitudinal compression gets converted into shear waves. When they are rapidly absorbed, the interface between soft tissue and bone is selectively heated. Lehmann, Justus F. “Thermotherapy.” AccessScience.

By 1940, VONF operated a shortwave relay for remote areas of Newfoundland using the call sign VONG and operating on a frequency of 9.47 MHz (later 9.48, both in the 31-meter band). A second frequency of 5.98 MHz (later 5.97, both in the 49-meter band) was launched using the call sign VONH. Eventually, VONG left the air and only VONH remained. The call sign changed to CBNX in 1949 when the AM station became CBN.

Denker and Parr, p. 271. Whitaker with John H. Smythe Jr In 1920, Whitaker represented Washington, D.C. against Chicago in what is believed to have been the first American shortwave radio long-distance chess match. He faced the very experienced master Edward Lasker. A pre-arranged time limit of three hours for the game found it still unfinished after 25 moves, with Whitaker having a slight advantage, and Capablanca adjudicated the position as a win for Whitaker.chessgames.

Using a decent quality radio, a listener can sometimes nullify the South Korean jammer by re-orienting the set so its ferrite antenna points in a different direction. On shortwave, jamming is not as severe; only a very few North Korean frequencies are slightly jammed. FM jamming is also carried out and it is highly effective in Seoul. Television jamming in South Korea was widespread before the introduction of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB) in South Korea.

In 1988, it was announced that XEBCO would begin broadcasting on FM, on 98.5 MHz; this never happened. In 2004, IMER and the state government dissolved their partnership, as IMER was seeking to shed stations. In shuttering the Radio México Internacional shortwave and returning XEBCO and Campeche's XETEB to their state governments, the IMER cited their obsolete equipment and high cost to the agency. The new Instituto de la Radio Colimense (Colima Radio Institute) was formed to manage XEBCO.

"Pioneer Station to Return to Air Soon", Radio Digest, February 27, 1926, page 2. And in August 1926, it was announced that Crosley was planning to establish a shortwave transmitter that would be used to relay programs from its station in Cincinnati, Ohio, WLW, for retransmission by WARC."Crosleys to Enter Short Wave Field", Omaha (Nebraska) World Herald, August 22, 1926, page 53. However, there is no sign that the station ever returned to the airwaves.

The band consists of Andrew Pettitt (vocals, guitar), Ulrika Bjorsne (vocals, guitar) and David Farrell (samples, decks). They formed in 2003 in London, though Ulrika Bjorsne is originally from Alstermo in southern Sweden. They have toured with Goldfrapp, Rilo Kiley, Gnarls Barkley and Spiritualized.The Shortwave Set Bag Spiritualized Support Slot - Strangeglue - Music News, Views and Reviews Danger Mouse, hip-hop producer and one half of Gnarls Barkley has described the band as his favourite contemporary group.

The Realistic DX-300 is a shortwave radio manufactured by General Research of Electronics (GRE) of Chiba, Japan and marketed in the United States by Radio Shack (Tandy Corporation) from late 1978 through 1979. The radio's theory of operation is based on the principle of the Wadley Loop and was one of the first radios marketed by Tandy Corporation to have a digital frequency display. The DX-300 was succeeded by the improved DX-302 in 1980.

Tropical Storm Clara developed on August 26 southeast of Japan from an upper tropospheric circulation that separated from the Mid-Pacific trough. It quickly strengthened, and became a typhoon on the 27th at 31.9º North, one of only 16 Western Pacific typhoons to reach that strength north of 30ºN. Clara peaked at 95 mph before coming close to Japan, when a shortwave trough forced it sharply eastward. The storm maintained its intensity until becoming extratropical on September 3.

The one hour audio clip is broadcast at high power on the same frequencies used by target stations. It is being streamed through the "Sat 6B" satellite that was launched in 2007. There are also high quality recordings (mono) existing on the internet.'Firedrake - The source of China's Radio Jammer found on Chinasat 6B' The French defense electronics company Thales Group has been accused of aiding Chinese censorship efforts by selling shortwave broadcasting equipment to Chinese authorities.

Since broadcasting began in 1996, Chinese authorities have consistently jammed Radio Free Asia broadcasts.Jim Mann, "China Bars 3 Journalists From Clinton's Trip", The Los Angeles Times, June 23, 1998 In 2002, the Broadcasting Board of Governors reported that "virtually all of VOA's and RFA's shortwave radio transmissions directed to China [...] are jammed," including their Mandarin, Cantonese, Tibetan, and Uyghur language services.Statement of the Broadcasting Board of Governors Before the Congressional-Executive Commission on China "Open Forum" , 2 December 2002.

In the 1980s satirical British TV show Spitting Image, Reagan was shown as having appointed a dead taxidermied Bonzo as Vice President. In the ALF episode "Pennsylvania 6-5000" ALF is concerned about nuclear war, calls Air Force One over a shortwave radio and tells the president he wants to talk to him about his [nuclear] bombs. Reagan misinterprets this to mean the "Bonzo" film. The movie is referenced in the MMORPG video game DC Universe Online.

The Amateur Radio Association of Bahrain (ARAB) is or was a national non- profit organization for amateur radio enthusiasts in Bahrain. The organization uses ARAB as its official international abbreviation, based on the English translation of the organization's name. ARAB operates a QSL bureau for those members who regularly communicate with amateur radio operators in other countries. The ARAB represents the interests of amateur radio operators and shortwave listeners in Bahrain before national and international telecommunications regulatory authorities.

Since his death, the five-year program of Thru the Bible has continued to air on over 800 radio stations in North America, is heard in more than 100 languages, and is broadcast worldwide via radio, shortwave, and the Internet. An obituary distributed by the Associated Press reported that McGee died of heart failure at a nursing home in Templeton, California, at age 84. His wife, Ruth, died in 1997 after suffering from dementia for nearly a decade.

Residing at No. 74, Main Street in Papan, the Kathigasus secretly kept shortwave radio sets and listened to BBC broadcasts. They quietly supplied medicines, medical services and information to the resistance forces until they were arrested in 1943. Despite being interrogated and tortured by the Japanese military police, Sybil persisted in her efforts and was thrown in Batu Gajah jail. After Malaya was liberated from the Japanese in August 1945, Sybil was flown to Britain for medical treatment.

In the Philippines, DZRJ 810 AM broadcasts the BBC World Service in English from 12:00–05:00 PHT (GMT+8). Although this region has seen the launch of the only two foreign language television channels, several other services have had their radio services closed as a result of budget cuts and redirection of resources. Japan and Korea have little tradition of World Service listening, although during the 1970s to 1980s, shortwave listening was popular in Japan.

AM broadcasting is a radio broadcasting technology, which employs amplitude modulation (AM) transmissions. It was the first method developed for making audio radio transmissions, and is still used worldwide, primarily for medium wave (also known as "AM band") transmissions, but also on the longwave and shortwave radio bands. The earliest experimental AM transmissions began in the early 1900s. However, widespread AM broadcasting was not established until the 1920s, following the development of vacuum tube receivers and transmitters.

Failure of the BFO to match the original carrier frequency when receiving such a signal will cause a heterodyne. Suppressed carriers are often used for single sideband (SSB) transmissions, such as for amateur radio on shortwave. That system is referred to in full as SSB suppressed carrier (SSBSC) or (SSB-SC). International broadcasters agreed in 1985 to also use SSBSC entirely by 2015, though IBOC and IBAC digital radio (namely Digital Radio Mondiale) seems likely to make this irrelevant.

The log periodic is commonly used as a transmitting antenna in high power shortwave broadcasting stations because its broad bandwidth allows a single antenna to transmit on frequencies in multiple bands. The log-periodic zig-zag design with up to 16 sections has been used. These large antennas are typically designed to cover 6 to 26 MHz but even larger ones have been built which operate as low as 2 MHz. Power ratings are available up to 500 kW.

In the United States, radio was so widely used for propaganda that it greatly exceeded the use of other media that was typically used against other nations.Anthony Rhodes, Propaganda: The art of persuasion: World War II, pp. 147-8. 1976, Chelsea House Publishers, New York President Roosevelt's fireside chats are an excellent example of this use of radio.Anthony Rhodes, Propaganda: The art of persuasion: World War II, p148 1976, Chelsea House Publishers, New York In February 1941, Norman Corwin's This is War series was broadcast throughout the country and by shortwave throughout the world.Anthony Rhodes, Propaganda: The art of persuasion: World War II, pp. 148-9. 1976, Chelsea House Publishers, New York Other significant uses of radio overseas includes messages to the Italian Navy, which persuaded it to surrender.Anthony Rhodes, Propaganda: The art of persuasion: World War II, p. 150. 1976, Chelsea House Publishers, New York CBS Radio's counterpropaganda series Our Secret Weapon (1942–43), featuring writer Rex Stout representing Freedom House, monitored Axis shortwave radio propaganda broadcasts and rebutted the most entertaining lies of the week.

One approach had been the use of frequency modulation (FM) transmissions. Instead of varying the strength of the carrier wave as with AM, the frequency of the carrier was changed to represent the desired audio signal. In 1922 John Renshaw Carson of AT&T;, inventor of Single-sideband modulation (SSB), had published a detailed mathematical analysis which showed that FM transmissions did not provide any improvement over AM. Although the Carson bandwidth rule for FM is important today, this review turned out to be incomplete, because it analyzed only what is now known as "narrow-band" FM. In early 1928 Armstrong began researching the capabilities of FM. Although there were others involved in FM research at this time, he knew of an RCA project to see if FM shortwave transmissions were less susceptible to fading than AM. In 1931 the RCA engineers constructed a successful FM shortwave link transmitting the Schmeling–Stribling fight broadcast from California to Hawaii, and noted at the time that the signals seemed to be less affected by static. The project made little further progress.

The broadcast used for some shortwave radio jamming purposes in China is carried on one of the Chinasat 6B transponders. United States ITAR restrictions prohibited the export of satellite components for satellites launched on Chinese rockets. In response, Thales Alenia built ChinaSat 6B as an ITAR-free satellite, containing no restricted U.S. satellite components. However, the US Department of State did not accept the ITAR-free status of these satellites and fined the US company Aeroflex $8 million for exporting satellite components.

On-air staff from WRFM would also have separate shifts on WNYW. There were rumors that the station was being partially controlled by the Central Intelligence Agency to broadcast anti- communist propaganda. On June 1, 1966, WRUL changed its call letters to WNYW, which stood for Radio New York Worldwide. The station attempted to do some commercial programming, but there were few advertisers because it was difficult to estimate audience ratings for the wide geographical area that shortwave stations typically covered.

The Yaesu FT-77 is a transceiver to be used in the 3,5 – 29,9 MHz shortwave radio amateur segment. This means the coverage of the 80-40-30-20-15-17-12 and 10 meter HF bands. Its construction is based on a metal-cased transceiver with a polymer front. In its standard configuration the rig is very basic – even without a standard mike - with marginal control features and can handle the AM, CW and SSB modes on the above-mentioned bands.

A westward- moving tropical wave developed into Tropical Depression One near the Isle of Youth on May 31\. Due to strong wind shear and its proximity to land, the depression was unable to strengthen and struck western Cuba later that day. It emerged into the Straits of Florida early on June 1 and began to organize and intensify slightly further, but nonetheless remained below tropical storm intensity. Around that time, an approaching shortwave trough accelerated the depression northeastward across the western Bahamas.

Kenwood TS-480HX S-meter The R-S-T system is used by amateur radio operators, shortwave listeners, and other radio hobbyists to exchange information about the quality of a radio signal being received. The code is a three digit number, with one digit each for conveying an assessment of the signal's readability, strength, and tone.} The code was developed in 1934 by Amateur radio operator Arthur W. Braaten, W2BSR, and was similar to that codified in the ITU Radio Regulations, Cairo, 1938.

The considerably more popular method was (and still is) to use an accurate timepiece to directly measure the time of a sextant sight. The need for accurate navigation led to the development of progressively more accurate chronometers in the 18th century (see John Harrison). Today, time is measured with a chronometer, a quartz watch, a shortwave radio time signal broadcast from an atomic clock, or the time displayed on a GPS. A quartz wristwatch normally keeps time within a half- second per day.

On June 9, the cold front from the surface low over Eastern Ontario had moved into New England. A shortwave trough had formed over the region in the upper atmosphere conjuring up extremely strong wind shear values of 100 knots. At the surface, temperatures were in the upper 70s to mid 80s with dewpoints in the mid 60s to lower 70s. Numerous supercell thunderstorm formed along the cold front, spawning wind, hail, and tornadoes before weakening and moving offshore that evening.

Digital Radio Mondiale has had much more success in creating an AM system, and one that could be much less expensive to implement than any proprietary HD Radio system, although it requires new frequency. It is the only one to have been accepted mediumwave but also shortwave (and possibly longwave) by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) for use in regions I and III, but not yet in region II, the Americas. The HD Radio system has also been approved by International Telecommunication Union.

Voice of Tibet logo Voice of Tibet is a radio station based in Norway transmitting shortwave radio programmes in the Tibetan language as well as Mandarin Chinese. The station began broadcasting on 14 May 1996 and was founded by three Norwegian NGOs: Norwegian Human Rights House, The Norwegian Tibet Committee and Worldview Rights. Its broadcasts target Tibet and China as well as India, Bhutan and Nepal.Voice of Tibet - About Us It receives funds from the United States National Endowment for Democracy.

The larger trough slowly became elongated in a northeast–southwest manner late on September 7\. At the same time, the shortwave trough moved southward along the west side of the other trough. The increasing southwesterly flow along the southeast side of the broad trough caused Nate to accelerate northeastward. Nate reached its peak intensity of 90 mph (145 km/h) late on September 8 as it passed 120 miles (205 km) southeast of Bermuda, while its strongest winds remained well offshore.

He claims to have coined the term "survivalism"What is a Survivalist? Kurt Saxon, 1980 to refer to making preparations for a future collapse of society and/or a major disaster. Saxon claimed that David Letterman had once invited him to appear on his show to demonstrate recipes from his book Granddad’s Wonderful Book of Chemistry, but later cancelled Saxon's appearance after a rehearsal went badly. In the early 1990s, Saxon had a shortwave radio program over WRNO, New Orleans, Louisiana.

As the only shortwave radio station in New Zealand, RNZ International broadcasts to several island nations. It has studios in Radio New Zealand House, Wellington and a transmitter at Rangitaiki in the middle of the North Island. Its broadcasts cover from East Timor in the west across to French Polynesia in the east, covering all South Pacific countries in between. The station targets Micronesia, Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Samoa, the Cook Islands, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and Tonga during a 24-hour rotation.

In late 2004, Radio Televisión Nacional de Colombia (RTVC) replaced the liquidated Inravisión (Instituto Nacional de Radio y Televisión) as the government-run radio and television broadcasting service, which oversees three national television stations and five radio companies (which operate about a dozen principal networks). Colombia has about 60 television stations, including seven low-power stations. In 2000 the population had about 11.9 million television receivers in use. Of the approximately 515 radio stations, 454 are AM; 34, FM; and 27, shortwave.

The first curtain array to achieve popularity was the Sterba curtain, patented by Ernest J. Sterba in 1929 and this was used by Bell Labs and others during the 1930s and 1940s. The Sterba curtain is however a narrowband design and is only steerable by mechanical means. Antenna G1 at Hörby shortwave station, which was operated by Radio Sweden but was shut down in 2011. It consisted of 16 horizontal wire dipoles in a 4x4 array, suspended in front of a wire screen.

Kip reluctantly decides to return his space suit for a cash prize to help pay for college, but puts it on for one last walk. As he idly broadcasts on his shortwave radio, someone identifying herself as "Peewee" answers and requests a homing signal. He is shocked when a flying saucer lands practically on top of him. A young girl (Peewee) and an alien being (the "Mother Thing") flee from it, but all three are quickly captured and taken to the Moon.

Glowbug transmitter hand built by AI2Q "Glowbug" is a term used by US amateurs to describe a simple home-made tube-type radio set, reminiscent of the shortwave radio-building craze of the 1920s and 30s. Generally, any small, home-built tube-type transmitter or receiver may be referred to as a glowbug. The majority of glowbug transmitters are designed to be used in the CW radiotelegraphy mode. A number of radio amateurs also build their own tube receivers and AM voice transmitters.

Savage, Charles. "U.S. Charges 11 With Acting as Agents for Russia", The New York Times, June 28, 2010. Retrieved June 28, 2010. The criminal complaints later filed in various federal district courts allege that the Russian agents in the U.S. passed information back to the SVR by messages hidden inside digital photographs, written in disappearing ink, ad hoc wireless networks, and shortwave radio transmissions, as well as by agents swapping identical bags while passing each other in the stairwell of a train station.

During the Martial Law era, the National Media Production Center (NMPC) operated its own station Voice of the Philippines (VOP) on 2 frequencies: 920 kHz on AM, and 9.81 MHz on shortwave. 150px After EDSA Revolution in 1986, the NMPC and Bureau of Broadcasts (BB) were abolished, led to its stations (including VOP) were reassigned to the newly-reinstated PBS. VOP was later rebranded as Radyo Pagasa until in 1987 when the station became Radyo Pilipinas under its own callsign DZRP.

World War II Radio Heroes: Letters of Compassion is a book by psychologist Lisa Spahr, co-authored with Austin Camacho, that recounts her personal investigation of the activities of shortwave radio listeners who notified families of captured U.S. military personnel of their status as prisoners of war during World War II. It documents Spahr's search to locate and thank the listeners who wrote letters to her great-grandmother reporting details of her grandfather's capture and internment in a German prison camp in 1943.

We Interrupt This Program. Toronto: Winding Stair Press. p. 52. Also, the United States' international shortwave broadcaster, Voice of America, relayed portions of NBC's coverage (including the simulcast with the television coverage) as part of its English-language coverage of the tragic news. (A short aircheck of VOA exists in which the announcers on duty attempt to make sense of the conflicting reports about Kennedy's condition, and then the station briefly simulcasts NBC before heading into Polish language programming at 1:00 p.m.

McDonald was personally involved with its conception and manufacture, as he was in the development of the 7G605 "Clipper" The Royal 1000 like the "Clipper" was designed for standard and shortwave broadcast reception. The quality construction and engineering design efforts, a Zenith trademark were mechanically and electronically demonstrated in this model. This was McDonald's last major involvement with Zenith as he died the following year. The Trans-Oceanic is considered by many the best-designed mass-produced portable radio made.

The Oz Music Show is an Australian radio program broadcast by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Triple J as well as on Radio Australia shortwave radio network. Oz Music Show was first screened in 1991. Since 1991, the program hosted by Richard Kingsmill broadcast Wednesday nights 10pm to 1am, features included Australian music, interviews and touring information, as well as CDs played by the music programmers and djs to have a listen. Independent bands and music labels are featured as well.

In 1975, Scott began a series of broadcasts which resulted in the creation of the University Network. By 1983, this network was broadcasting his sermons 24 hours a day via satellite to the United States and Canada, as well as to much of Mexico and the Caribbean. By 1990, his network was available to 180 countries, and by 1992 his sermons were being broadcast in several languages on AM, FM and shortwave radio. Drawing from nearly 30 years of recorded programming,Thevolcanodog.

His grandfather had taught himself Hebrew at the age of 70 and used to listen to the Voice of Israel on a shortwave radio. When Edelstein's grandfather died, Yuli began to study Hebrew and read books such as Exodus by Leon Uris, which inspired him. In 1977, during his second year of university, Edelstein applied for an exit visa to immigrate to Israel. Turned down, he began to associate with a small group of Hebrew teachers who held classes in their apartments.

Foturan demonstrator in different processing steps (UV-exposure, tempering, etching, ceramization) Foturan (notation of the manufacturer: FOTURAN) is a photosensitive glass by SCHOTT Corporation developed in 1984. It is a technical glass-ceramic which can be structured without photoresist when it is exposed to shortwave radiation such as ultraviolet light and subsequently etched. In February 2016, Schott announced the introduction of Foturan II at Photonics West. Foturan II is characterized by higher homogeneity of the photosensitivity which allows finer microstructures.

The majority of glowbug transmitters are designed to be used in the CW radiotelegraphy mode. Glowbug transmitters having simple, tube-based designs were part of many beginner ham stations. According to author Richard H. Arland, interest in glowbugs has increased among QRP enthusiasts and others with a penchant for constructing their own equipment, and many hams are assembling simple HF CW transmitters. Amateur radio Glowbug enthusiasts can often be heard communicating on the shortwave bands via CW using Morse code.

Sound of Hope (SOH) is an international Chinese-language radio network. Along with New Tang Dynasty Television and The Epoch Times, it is part of a network of media organizations established by practitioners of the Falun Gong new religious movement.Chen, Kathy Chinese Dissidents Take On Beijing Via Media Empire The Wall Street Journal 15 November 2007 SOH serves the Chinese diaspora in US, Europe, Australia, Japan and South Korea via AM/FM radio and Chinese people in China via Shortwave radio.

As a young student, Werner Reichardt was a pupil in the laboratory of Hans Erich Hollmann, a pioneer of ultra-shortwave communication. Because of his knowledge he was drafted in 1941 to the German air force as a radio technician. There he came into contact with resistance elements, and built a secret radio link with the Western Allies. In 1944 Reichardt was arrested by the Gestapo and sentenced to death, but escaped, and hid in Berlin until the end of the war.

Intelligence about German interest in developing an atomic bomb, received in 1942, played a role in President Franklin Roosevelt's decision to develop an American bomb. In order to carry out the operation, several large shortwave radios were installed in the house. In order not to attract attention due to the large amount of electricity needed to run the radios and associated equipment, a Buick car engine was bolted to the floor of the basement to supply power. A muffler helped deaden the noise.

The role of AM radio was also of importance to the hundreds of thousands of persons with no other ties to news, providing emergency information regarding access to assistance for hurricane victims. Immediately after Katrina, WWL-AM was one of the few area radio stations in the area remaining on the air. This emergency service, simulcasted on shortwave outlet WHRI, was named "The United Radio Broadcasters of New Orleans." Their ongoing nighttime broadcasts continued to be available up to away.

"Is Short-wave Relaying a Step Toward National Broadcasting Stations?" by W. W. Rodgers, Radio Broadcast, June 1923, pages 119-122. The shortwave relay to KDPM was judged to be successful. However, Westinghouse soon decided to move its relay target to the geographical center of the United States, and switched to a newly constructed station, KFKX in Hastings, Nebraska, beginning on November 22, 1923,"Broadcasting Makes a Giant Stretch" by Jerome W. Howe, Wireless Age, April 1924, pages 29, 47.

An emergency radio is, broadly speaking, a radio receiver designed to remain functional in cases of power outage or isolation from contact with civilization. Such radios are often designed to run on minimal or renewable power sources, such as solar. Emergency radios are generally designed to cover the standard AM and FM broadcasting bands, and weather radio in countries that provide that service. Basic shortwave radio coverage (for situations where local radio is out or not available) is less-common.

The radio broadcasting programs serve the mass of millions Vietnamese with majority in rural areas. In February 2006, the program extended to three days a week, consisting of pro-democracy news, educational of human rights and democracy, and commentary on non-violent campaigns for democracy in Vietnam. It also relays voices of the oppressed people to the world via webcast programs, and broadcast back to Vietnam via shortwave programs as well. All broadcast programs are archived for public access at www.RadioHoaMai.com.

It turns out to be the secret clubhouse of the Bike Brigade, three boys who ride bicycles and operate a shortwave radio. When the boys return, they believe the bears are alien invaders and attack them with their squirt guns. After Yogi surrenders, they recognize him and decide to help him in his escape. Using their radio, the boys call ahead to their cohorts in other clubs around the country to watch for Yogi and help him in his getaway.

He met other apprentices there, one of whom, Gerhard Düwer, he would later recruit into his resistance movement. At a bathhouse, he met new friends, one of whom had a communist family background and, as a result, he began listening to enemy radio broadcasts. Listening to these was then strictly forbidden in Nazi Germany, being considered a form of treason. In the summer of that same year, Hübener discovered his older half-brother Gerhard's shortwave radio in a hallway closet.

The wave then slowed down and leisurely moved westward, south of Mexico for the next week or so. Meanwhile, a mid-level shortwave trough dropped southward from the United States, entering Mexico on September 9. The trough continued to track southward for the next few days and a low- to mid-level low developed just south of the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula on September 12. Around that time, the NHC noted the system had potential for future tropical development.

One must assume that only about 10% of HRS type antennas are rotatable, but compiled statistics are fragmentary. Only about 20% of rotatable HRS antennas are ALLISS, but this may be a slight overestimate. The Transmitter Documentation Project has most but not all stats on shortwave relay station antennas in use or historical. The Chinese SARFT is said to contain replicated ALLISS module technology, so to consider ALLISS technology as being exclusively in the domain of Thales is no longer true.

Radio Educación is a cultural radio station in Mexico, based in Mexico City. Radio Educación airs Spanish-language cultural and educational programming. The primary broadcast signal is XEEP-AM 1060 kHz, broadcasting on a North American clear-channel frequency and sharing Class A status with KYW in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Radio Educación also operates a shortwave station, XEPPM-OC on 6.185 MHz, and an FM radio station in Mérida, Yucatán, as well as FM stations to be built at Hermosillo, Sonora, and Morelia, Michoacán.

By 1946, CBR operated a shortwave relay for remote areas of British Columbia using the call sign CBRX and operating on a frequency of 6.16 MHz (in the 49m band). The call sign changed to CBUX in 1952 when the AM station became CBU. In 1965, the call sign changed to CKZU, recognizing that the ITU prefix CB was not assigned to Canada, but to Chile. The transmitter operates at 1,000 watts and is located adjacent to CBU's AM transmitter.

PL-259 (male) plug. The inner plug is a banana plug, without the slits down the side. The PL-259 plug is widely used as an HF cable connector;The PL-259 plug is called a "UHF" connector for historical reasons: "UHF" was redefined to be a higher range, but the plugs kept the older meaning of the name; the actual practical range is shortwave and below, or low-VHF and lower. it is a shielded form of a 4 mm banana plug.

On January 23, a low-pressure area developed off the Pacific Northwest, before moving over the Canadian Prairies by January 24. The storm system quickly moved southeastward into the Upper Midwest during the evening of January 24, taking a path typical of an Alberta clipper. As it progressed southward, the storm intensified, with frontogenesis occurring the next day. By noon on January 25, the upper-level low was centered near the border between Iowa and Missouri in correlation with a weak shortwave trough.

The Yagi-Uda array, better known as the Yagi antenna, is still widely used. Edmond Bruce and Harald T. Friis developed directional antennas for shortwave and microwave frequencies during the 1930s. AT&T;'s decision to use microwave to carry inter-city telephone traffic led to the first large-scale commercial deployment of directional antennas (based on Friis’ horn reflector design) in 1947. Directional antennas with alternating polarization enabled a single pair of frequencies to be reused over many consecutive hops.

Radio programs which are broadcast via shortwave radio and satellite TV are also uploaded on Radio Dabanga’s website and Facebook page. On 21 August 2018, Radio Dabanga had uploaded a total of 1,848 broadcasts to its SoundCloud channel. Radio Dabanga also produces news articles in Arabic which are published on the Arabic website, social media and WhatsApp groups. Arabic news is often translated and reworked to suit an international audience on the English language part of the website and social media platforms.

Until the end of the war, Kiepenheuer worked under the supervision of Johannes Plendl. The effect of solar activity on shortwave communication stimulated the observations of the Sun. For this purpose, Kiepenheuer built a network of solar observatories and also used the already existing observatories in the occupied areas of Europe. By 1942, this network spanned from Simeiz in the Crimea in the east to Paris in the west, and from Tromsö, Norway in the north to Syracuse, Sicily in the south.

A shortwave antenna was installed in the 1970s, and is still in use by the WA VHF Group. After Cyclone Tracy hit Darwin in 1975, destroying or disabling much of its communications infrastructure, the WA VHF Group helped provided communications between Darwin and Perth. In the 1980s an antenna was added to the Stores building, which became the control centre for the State Emergency Service. Since 2002 Wireless Hill has been home to Capital Community Radio's studios and one of their transmitters.

Initially Arne gathered all his own news for the program, but soon listeners were writing in with material for the program. Almost immediately a written version of the program scripts was being mailed out to everyone who contributed. At its height there were between 1500 and 2000 names on the list, and they constituted a ”Who’s Who” of the shortwave community. When Arne retired in 1978, on the program’s 30th anniversary, George Wood, who wasn’t even born in 1948, took over.

There were also Sunday night programs broadcast to Cuba, Colombia, Peru and Ecuador in Spanish and to Brazil in Portuguese. Daily Spanish and Portuguese transmissions began on July 6, 1947. At around the same time as the expansion into the Caribbean and Latin America, the CBC International Service became involved with the newly formed United Nations. United Nations broadcasts through the CBC International Service continued until November 29, 1952, when they were transferred to larger shortwave facilities run by the Voice of America.

The remaining curtain aerial was taken down in more recent years. With the decline in the use of shortwave in radio broadcasting, all of the Beverage and rhombic aerials were taken down in July 2014. In 2018, the BBC began a further modernisation of the facility, including the installation of 18 new satellite dishes."New dishes required" Henley Standard, 19 February 2018 The modernisation coincided with the closure of the BBC's Caversham Park base and the transfer of BBC Monitoring's HQ to London.

These units typically cost around US$70 . Heavy-duty ham rotators are designed to turn extremely large, heavy, high frequency (shortwave) beam antennas, and cost hundreds or possibly thousands of dollars. In the center of the reference picture, the accompanying image includes an AzEl installation rotator, so named for its controlling of both the azimuth and the elevation components of the direction of an antenna system or array. Such antenna configurations are used in, for example, amateur-radio satellite or moon-bounce communications.

Navy psychological operations policy is specified in OPNAVINST 3434.1, "Psychological Operations". The Navy provides support to Joint PSYOP programs by providing assets (such as broadcast platforms using shortwave and very high frequency (VHF) frequencies) for the production and dissemination of PSYOP materials. With the ability of naval vessels (especially the larger task forces) to produce audio-visual materials the Navy can often produce PSYOP products for use in denied areas. Leaflets are dropped utilizing the PDU-5B dispenser unit (aka Leaflet Bomb).

When the FBI searched his car, they found that he left behind his shortwave radio receiver. Believing that he was planning to leave the U.S. and make his way to Germany via Japan, the FBI arrested him at Cle Elum, Washington on August 23. They then rounded up the rest of the ring, except for Borchardt, who was arrested in December 8, Schroetter, who was arrested in Miami on September 2 and Lau, who eluded capture until October 18, 1946.

The first broadcast was on Christmas Day 1967. Radio St Helena also broadcast internationally on one day each year – on 11.0925 MHz shortwave – using the call-sign ZHH-50. Many of the station's regular presenters took part in this event, known as "Radio St Helena Day", thereby enjoying the experience of broadcasting to audiences all around the world. In March 2012 St Helena News Media Services was dissolved, and the final edition of the Herald was published on 9 March 2012.

NEC is widely used for modeling antenna designs, particularly for common designs like television and radio antennas, shortwave and ham radio, and similar examples. Examples of practically any common antenna type can be found in NEC format on the internet. While highly adaptable, NEC has its limits, and other systems are commonly used for very large or complex antennas or special cases like microwave antennas. By far the most common version is NEC-2, the last to be released in fully public form.

The documentary captures the story of blind blues musician Paul Pena. After a brush with fame and success in the 1970s, Pena's fortunes faded as he dealt with career and health problems. While listening to shortwave radio, Pena heard a broadcast of throatsinging, the Tuvan art of manipulating overtones while singing to make higher frequencies more distinguishable, essentially making it possible to sing two notes at once. Pena, over the course of several years, taught himself to throatsing to a very impressive degree.

WorldView-3 (WV 3) is a commercial Earth observation satellite owned by DigitalGlobe. It was launched on 13 August 2014 to become DigitalGlobe's sixth satellite in orbit, joining Ikonos which was launched in 1999, QuickBird in 2001, WorldView-1 in 2007, GeoEye-1 in 2008, and WorldView-2 in 2009. WorldView-3 provides commercially available panchromatic imagery of resolution, eight-band multispectral imagery with resolution, shortwave infrared imagery at resolution, and CAVIS (Clouds, Aerosols, Vapors, Ice, and Snow) data at resolution.

The station was launched in 1944 on 1240 AM with the call sign CBH. Prior to its launch, CBC Radio programming aired on private affiliate CHNS and its shortwave relay CHNX 6.13 MHz (in the 49m band). CBH's initial power was only 100 watts and remained at that level for 18 years. In 1947 the station moved to the CBC Radio Building on 5600 Sackville Street. In 1948, the frequency was changed to 1330, and then to 1340 in 1960.

The storm's slow motion caused the typhoon to upwell cold water, which contributed to a decrease in cloud top temperatures around the eye. On September 29, Ian began to recurve out to sea, in response to a shortwave trough passing north of the typhoon. The JMA downgraded Ian to a severe tropical storm that evening. The JTWC estimated that Ian transitioned into a subtropical cyclone on October 1, and the next day, Ian was downgraded into a tropical storm by the JMA.

UV-C radiation spans from 0.1μm to .28μm, UV-B from 0.28μm to 0.315μm, UV-A from 0.315μm to 0.4μm, the visible spectrum from 0.4μm to 0.7μm, and NIR arguably from 0.7μm to 5.0μm, beyond which the infrared is thermal.However, the definition of thermal infrared may start at wavelengths as short as 1.1μm (longer than which optical instruments have difficulty measuring) or anywhere between 2.0μm and 4.0μm, depending on the method of measurement and its purpose. Shortwave radiation is distinguished from longwave radiation.

The timing was intentional, because the U.S. and South Korean president Syngman Rhee were not able to agree upon the conditions of the armistice. The intent of Operation Moolah was to discourage captured Communist forces from returning to North Korea or China. The effect was to demonstrate that Communist POWs were treated better under the care of U.N. forces and did not wish to return to their motherland. General Clark announced the offer on April 27, 1953 through a shortwave radio transmission.

XEMP-AM signed on November 1, 1961, as "La charrita del cuadrante", a station devoted to ranchera music. It was originally owned by Mercedes Rivero Arredondo de Tuero. In 1965, Rivero solicited a shortwave counterpart, which would have broadcast on 11,740 kHz as XEMP-OC. On September 30, 1976, XEMP was transferred to Radio Visión Mexicana, S.A. When IMER was incorporated in 1983, it became Opus 710, a culturally- oriented format; this migrated to the new XHIMER-FM 94.5 in June 1986.

Throughout his stay in Lhasa, Ernst Schäfer remained in touch with Germany through mail and the Chinese Legation's radio.John J. Reilly, Review of Christopher Hale's "Himmler's Crusade. The Nazi Expedition to Find the Origins of the Origins of the Aryan Race" : "Not that mail was Schäfer’s only means of communication: the Chinese legation let him use their radio." Himmler is reported to have followed the expedition enthusiastically, writing several letters to Schäfer and even broadcasting Christmas greeting to him via shortwave.

Lt. Craig is distraught that the prisoners are then executed by the guerillas. The bandit leader Ramundo offers information about Japanese positions and movements in exchange for the Americans' radio. When the Americans are unable to give it to him immediately because they still need it to send information about the Japanese positions and movements, Ramundo angrily shoots the radio and flees. The Americans sneak into a Japanese shortwave station but Burnett is killed after transmitting the information through Morse code.

Meanwhile, the hurricane was tracking north-northwest due to a mid-level ridge. The tropical cyclone strengthened into a Category 3 major hurricane by 18:00 UTC as cold convection developed over the eastern and southeastern regions of the storm and wrapped around its eyewall. Cloud temperatures decreased to in the central dense overcast and were as low as in the eyewall. Michael resumed a northward trek early on October 10 as it traveled between the ridge and a mid-latitude shortwave trough.

A reading of 1.61–1.65 (birefringence 0.040, biaxial positive) has been taken from rare single crystals. An absorption spectrum may also be obtained with a hand-held spectroscope, revealing a line at 432 nm and a weak band at 460 nm (this is best seen with strong reflected light). Under longwave ultraviolet light, turquoise may occasionally fluoresce green, yellow or bright blue; it is inert under shortwave ultraviolet and X-rays. Turquoise is insoluble in all but heated hydrochloric acid.

Two people were killed in this home. At the start of the day, a cold front was analyzed from south-central Kansas southwestward into an area of low pressure across the Texas Panhandle. In advance of this front, persistent warm-air advection led to quickly-rising dewpoints across western Oklahoma and far south-central Kansas. Aloft, a deep shortwave trough across the Southwestern United States pushed eastward, resulting in cold mid-level temperatures and the development of a modestly unstable environment.

Continental Electronics is a major American manufacturer of broadcast and military radio transmitters, based in Dallas, Texas. Although Continental today is best known for its FM, shortwave, and military VLF transmitters, Continental is most significant historically for its line of mediumwave (AM) transmitters, many of which are still in active service as either main transmitters or backup facilities. Among clear-channel AM stations in the U.S. and Canada, the Continental 317C was the most popular transmitter type in the 1970s and 1980s.

There is a large road, Ken-O expressway which is being built through Shobu at this present time. The famous conservationist, Honda Seiroku, who designed many of Japan's city and National parks was born in Shobu. On March 23, 2010, Shōbu, along with the towns of Kurihashi and Washimiya (both from Kitakatsushika District), was merged into the expanded city of Kuki. At Shōbu, there was Shobu-Kuki transmitter, one of the largest stations for AM and shortwave broadcasting in Japan.

KSAI (936 AM) was a radio station owned by the Far East Broadcasting Company. Licensed to Susupe, Saipan, it served the greater Northern Mariana Islands area.KSAI Radio bids Saipan goodbyeAfter 27 years, FEBC shutting down Saipan station for good KSAI was on air from 1978 to 2002, when FEBC decided to focus on its shortwave station. Aside from airing religious programming, KSAI was also the first radio station on the island to air ethnic programming in Tagalog, Korean, and Chinese languages.

Radio equipment used in DXing ranges from inexpensive portable receivers to deluxe equipment costing thousands of dollars. Using just a simple AM radio, one can easily hear signals from the most powerful stations propagating hundreds of miles at night. Even inexpensive shortwave radio receivers can receive signals emanating from several countries during any time of day. Serious hobbyists use more elaborate receivers designed specifically for pulling in distant signals, and often build their own antennas designed for a specific frequency band.

Rai Internazionale Radio has been broadcasting from Rome to the rest of the world for the past 72 years under various names. In the 1930s Italy was one of the first countries to begin international shortwave broadcasts. Guglielmo Marconi, the man who invented radio, oversaw the construction of the first short-wave transmitter at Prato Smeraldo outside Rome on July 1, 1930. Four years later two more transmitters were completed and broadcasts began in English and Italian to North America.

Announcer-director Bill Schudt was the station's only paid employee; all other staff were volunteers. W2XAB pioneered program development including small-scale dramatic acts, monologues, pantomime, and the use of projection slides to simulate sets. Engineer Bill Lodge devised the first synchronized sound wave for a television station in 1932, enabling W2XAB to broadcast picture and sound on a single shortwave channel instead of the two previously needed. On November 8, 1932, W2XAB broadcast the first television coverage of presidential election returns.

In the aftermath of World War II, Southworth continued his radio broadcasting activities, starting his own shortwave station, Radio Tangier Internationale, in the Tangier International Zone. In addition to commentaries on the political situation in the surrounding region, such as Morocco and Algeria, as well as Franco Spain, the station also carried religious broadcasts such as The World Tomorrow and the Baltimore Gospel Tabernacle. Following the dissolution of the Tangier International Zone and its subsequent Moroccan administration, the station was nationalized in 1960.

398–399 It was broadcast outside the United States on shortwave radioThe Times, 8 May 1939, p. 13 and was reported in full by British broadsheet newspapers.e.g. The Times, 9 May 1939, p. 13 On the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939, the Duke and Duchess were brought back to Britain by Louis Mountbatten on board HMS Kelly, and Edward, although an honorary field marshal, was made a major-general attached to the British Military Mission in France.

With Allen an outspoken pacifist, war resistance and the dangers of fascism were underlying themes, and his position as a professor made it possible for Sandra Michael to incorporate literature and poetry readings into her storylines. In one memorable episode, a shortwave broadcast from England enabled real-life Poet Laureate John Masefield to speak in Allen's fictional classroom. Axel Gruenberg directed Sandra Michael's scripts. The show's theme music was by Alfred Newman, taken from his score for The Song of Bernadette.

As Simple As Snow (2005) is a mystery novel by Gregory Galloway. It tells the story of a high-school aged narrator who meets a Gothic girl, Anna Cayne. Through postcards, a shortwave radio, various mix-CDs, and other erratic interests, Cayne eventually wins the heart of the narrator. However, a week before Valentine's Day, she goes missing, leaving only a dress on the ice and secret codes to help the narrator and the reader find out where she has gone.

Announcer-director Bill Schudt was the station's only paid employee; all other talent was volunteer. W2XAB pioneered program development including small-scale dramatic acts, monologues, pantomime, and the use of projection slides to simulate sets. Engineer Bill Lodge devised the first synchronized sound wave for a television station in 1932, enabling W2XAB to broadcast picture and sound on a single shortwave channel instead of the two previously needed. On November 8, 1932, W2XAB broadcast the first television coverage of presidential election returns.

In the UK, Rediffusion was an early pioneer of AM radio cable distribution. Hybrid digital broadcast systems, which combine (mono analog) AM transmission with digital sidebands, have started to be used around the world. In the United States, iBiquity's proprietary HD Radio has been adopted and approved by the FCC for medium wave transmissions,"Digital Radio" (fcc.gov) while Digital Radio Mondiale is a more open effort often used on the shortwave bands, and can be used alongside many AM broadcasts.

To prevent interference with these services, amateur and experimental transmitters were restricted to the high frequencies (HF), felt to be useless since their ground-wave range was limited. Upon discovery of the other propagation modes possible at medium wave and short wave frequencies, the advantages of HF for commercial and military purposes became apparent. Amateur experimentation was then confined only to authorized frequencies in the range. Mediumwave and shortwave reflect off the ionosphere at night, which is known as skywave.

Because the F layer remains by day and night, it is responsible for most skywave propagation of radio waves and long distance high frequency (HF, or shortwave) radio communications. Above the F layer, the number of oxygen ions decreases and lighter ions such as hydrogen and helium become dominant. This region above the F layer peak and below the plasmasphere is called the topside ionosphere. From 1972 to 1975 NASA launched the AEROS and AEROS B satellites to study the F region. p.

This led to The Shortwave Set delaying release of the album in order to accommodate Danger Mouse's busy schedule. Production with Danger Mouse began in May 2007. The group kept in touch with their fan base during this time in Los Angeles via a series of posts on their myspace blog. Their return in July was followed by a long 'radio silence', during which time they left their then current record label Independiente Records, and signed with Wall of Sound to produce Replica Sun Machine.

In early July, a shortwave trough embedded in the westerlies crossed the United States. The system emerged over the Atlantic near the Outer Banks of North Carolina on July 12; a surface low soon developed. Traversing the Gulf Stream, convection abruptly increased on July 13 and it is estimated that a tropical depression formed by 06:00 UTC that day, roughly 255 mi (410 km) east-northeast of Cape Hatteras. Six hours later, the depression intensified into a tropical storm and was assigned the name Claudette.

The 2nd license was on 87.8 FM, and located on Mt Herringback, near Lower Longley. On 10 February 2018, after several months of preparation, Pulse FM commenced broadcasting on 87.8 FM from the top of Mt Herringback to parts of Kingborough and more of the Huon Valley. In May 2017, Pulse FM came under cyber attack when the Wannacry ransomware corrupted its computer system. For several months in late 2018, Pulse FM broadcast on Shortwave 4835khz across the Pacific and several other continents as an experiment.

It is an excellent indicator of overall solar activity levels and correlates well with solar UV emissions. Sunspot activity has a major effect on long distance radio communications, particularly on the shortwave bands although medium wave and low VHF frequencies are also affected. High levels of sunspot activity lead to improved signal propagation on higher frequency bands, although they also increase the levels of solar noise and ionospheric disturbances. These effects are caused by impact of the increased level of solar radiation on the ionosphere.

In July 1924, Marconi entered into contracts with the British General Post Office (GPO) to install telegraphy circuits from London to Australia, India, South Africa and Canada as the main element of the Imperial Wireless Chain. The UK-to-Canada shortwave "Beam Wireless Service" went into commercial operation on 25 October 1926. Beam Wireless Services from the UK to Australia, South Africa and India went into service in 1927. Electronic components for the system were built at Marconi's New Street wireless factory in Chelmsford.

Bass guitar was something Czukay had "taken up almost by default" and he readily admitted his limitations on the instrument. After Gee joined Can, Czukay made sounds using shortwave radios, Morse code keys, tape recorders and other sundry objects. He left Can in late 1977 and did not appear on the albums Out of Reach or Can, although he was involved with production work for the latter album. The band seemed to be in a hiatus shortly afterwards, but reunions have taken place on several occasions since.

' was the first of over a dozen live radio programs broadcast by Japan during the Pacific War. To reach a large geographical area these transmissions included shortwave radio frequencies in the 31 m band. The program featured Allied prisoners of war (POW) reading current news and playing prerecorded music, and sending messages from POWs to their families back home and to Allied soldiers and sailors serving in the Pacific theater. These messages were interlaced with demoralizing commentary and appeals to surrender or sabotage the Allied war effort.

The shortwave bands have greater potential range, but are more subject to interference by distant stations and varying atmospheric conditions that affect reception. In the very high frequency band, greater than 30 megahertz, the Earth's atmosphere has less of an effect on the range of signals, and line-of-sight propagation becomes the principle mode. These higher frequencies permit the great bandwidth required for television broadcasting. Since natural and artificial noise sources are less present at these frequencies, high-quality audio transmission is possible, using frequency modulation.

Another popular Radio Sweden program was The Saturday Show, with Roger Wallis and Kim Loughran, which ran from 1967 to 1981. The program was launched to showcase Swedish rock and pop music in a world dominated by American and British rock. Using Radio Sweden's relatively high-powered medium wave transmitter on 1179 kHz, the entire program was 90 minutes in length, and featured many satirical sketches, often political and sometimes controversial. A 30-minute segment of the entire broadcast was the Radio Sweden shortwave program on Saturdays.