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"protein" Definitions
  1. a substance, found within all living things, that forms the structure of muscles, organs, etc. There are many different proteins and they are an essential part of what humans and animals eat to help them grow and stay healthy.

1000 Sentences With "protein"

How to use protein in a sentence? Find typical usage patterns (collocations)/phrases/context for "protein" and check conjugation/comparative form for "protein". Mastering all the usages of "protein" from sentence examples published by news publications.

Animal protein, plant protein, alien protein, doesn't matter, just eat your protein.
Here are the best protein bars you can buy:Best protein bar overall: Optimum Nutrition High Protein Wafer BarsBest minimally-processed protein bar: Kind Protein BarsBest high-protein bar: Quest Nutrition Protein BarBest protein bar free from added sugars: RXBarUpdated on 2/14/2020: Our recommendation for the best protein brownies, from RSP, has been discontinued.
Here are the best natural protein powders you can buy:Best natural protein powder overall: Naked WheyBest natural casein protein powder: Legion Casein+Best natural goat milk protein powder: Mt. Capra Double Bonded ProteinBest natural vegan protein powder: Orgain Organic Protein PowderBest natural hemp protein powder: Nutiva Hemp ProteinBest natural Paleo-friendly protein powder: PALEOPRO Protein PowderUpdates 2/14/2020 by Rick Stella: Updated formatting, links, and prices.
For Allison, this protein was CTLA-4 protein, while Honjo studied a protein called PD-1.
Here are the best whey protein powders you can buy:Best whey protein powder overall: Cellucor Whey Protein Isolate & Concentrate Blend PowderBest sugar-free whey protein powder: Optimum Nutrition Platinum HydrowheyBest-tasting whey protein powder: Optimum Nutrition Gold Standard 100% Whey Protein PowderBest fat-free whey protein powder: Myprotein Impact Whey Isolate ProteinBest digestion-friendly whey protein powder: Dymatize ISO 100 Whey Protein PowderUpdated on 10/16/2019 by Andrew Gutman and Les Shu: Updated prices, links, and formatting.
"Most people think that they need protein, protein, protein, but that is not the case," she says.
She eats protein shakes made from plant-based protein sources such as pea protein or hemp milk.
Beyond Meat's ingredient list includes pea protein isolate, rice protein, mung bean protein, potato starch, and beet juice extract.
Fortunately, Aloha Protein Drink relies on brown rice protein, pea protein, and coconut milk and is free from dairy.
You can get protein from any number of resources, and one of the products I'm really excited about is our breakfast sausage that is protein from sunflower seeds and protein from mung beans and protein from brown rice as well as pea protein.
If you're choosing a bar for its protein content, you'd want the protein source (such as whey protein, soy protein, or nuts) to be one of the first ingredients, she says.
People tend to forget that protein synthesis is for other protein besides muscles, and it doesn't account for protein turnover.
FitJoy Protein Bars ($29.99 for 123): Each FitJoy Protein Bar has 20g protein, which makes it ideal for post-workout snacking.
I tried whey protein-dusted popcorn, pea protein-fortified water, and whey protein-spiked yogurt drinks, just to name a few.
The patty is made mostly of pea protein, rice protein, mung bean protein, and beet juice extract for that meaty color.
Optimum Nutrition Gold Standard Whey Protein Powder (908 grams) Optimum Nutrition Gold Standard Whey Protein Powder (2.27kg) Optimum Nutrition Gold Standard Pre Workout Energy Powder Drink BSN Syntha 6 Edge Whey Protein Powder BULK POWDERS Pure Whey Protein Powder USN Muscle Fuel Anabolic Muscle Gain Shake Powder SCI-MX Nutrition Protein Powder SCI-MX Nutrition PRO V-GAIN Protein Powder Grenade Thermo Detonator Weight Management Supplement Maximuscle Promax Lean Protein Powder
Up to 50% off Gatorade Protein Powders, Protein Bars, & more
It's made out of yellow pea protein, whereas Beyond gets its protein from green peas and Impossible gets its protein from soy.
Protein bars and protein powder are good to have in stock, and are often lower in sodium than other protein-rich foods.
"We have a strategy focused on protein, whether that's animal protein or plant protein," White said during a quarterly earnings call in February.
The Protein Works Whey Protein Powder — save £21 This product is high in protein and rich in taste with a seriously smooth texture.
This protein looks remarkably like a protein in the parasite, too.
Maybe you don't need a protein powder or a protein bar.
Urine, normal urine, has no protein background, essentially no protein background.
Nonanimal protein sources This includes tempeh, tofu, and textured vegetable protein.
Bailey recommends using products with protein and doing regular protein treatments.
Oats are a protein superstar, even among other high-protein grains.
And I'll travel with my protein powder and my protein shaker.
Minimal protein, so I'm glad I packed a protein bar this morning.
"Pea protein isn't designed to behave like an egg protein," Hume said.
Protein powders in your smoothies can make boosting your protein levels easier.
"Insect protein is a really sustainable way of producing protein," he added.
You can save on MaxiNutrition Max protein shake powder, BULK POWDERS pure whey protein powder shake, and Science in Sport rego rapid recovery protein shake.
SCI-MX Nutrition Nutrition Pro V-Gain Protein Powder — save £36 A protein powder formulated from a blend of premium soy, pea, and rice protein.
The bottom line: "Whey protein is a good source of protein, but most of us do not need to worry about eating more protein," Majumdar says.
The recommended dietary allowance for protein is 0.8 g protein/kg body weight/day for adults — or 64 grams of protein for a 177-lb person.
Evolve Protein Shake ($23.97 for 12 servings): The Evolve Protein shake is vegan, has 20 grams of pea protein, and a whopping 10 grams of fiber.
Most of a vegan&aposs protein will come from – you guessed it – the protein foods category, but grains also provide some protein to a lesser degree.
Bugs are high in protein, with some species up 70% protein by weight.
Protein is satiating, but the relatively low protein content may also aggravate hunger.
After a workout, muscles build protein through what's called, appropriately enough, protein synthesis.
I usually go with vegan protein powders for my post-workout protein fix.
Eat more vegetable protein, like beans and nuts, and less animal protein. 4.
OHi Organic Plant-Based Protein Bars ($31.92 for 8 bars)RSP Protein Brownie ($22.97 for 12 bars)BSN Protein Crisp Bar ($24.99 for 12 bars)Pros: Cons:Buy the Optimum Nutrition High Protein Wafer Bars (9 bars) on Amazon starting at $14.16
For this variety, soy protein powder is replaced with pea protein powder, a type of plant protein that has been having its 15 minutes of fame recently.
BSN Nutrition Protein Powder — save £10 This protein supplement contains six high-quality protein components and is ideal for bodybuilders and strength athletes looking to build muscle.
The company's line of plant-based protein bars come in seven flavors, using natural ingredients like brown-rice protein, cassava flour and almond butter as protein sources.
Researchers found the genome of the virus is cased inside multiple layers, including a lipid membrane, an envelope protein, a precursor membrane protein and a capsid protein.
MaxiNutrition Max Protein Shake Powder — £215.99 (list price £24.99) Maximuscle Promax Lean Protein Powder — £27 (list price £216.99) Maximuscle Cyclone Whey Protein Powder with Creatine — £226 (list price £383) MaxiNutrition Progain Extreme Mass and Size Protein Shake Powder — £238 (list price £217.99) MaxiNutrition Promax Extreme Protein Shake — £231.99 (list price £38) Bulk up in 2019.
I'm a huge believer in protein, and I think protein is a winner here.
What's in the protein beer and how it tastesThe protein beer is alcohol-free.
For discovering functions of molecular chaperones in mediating protein folding and preventing protein aggregation.
The diets were made up of 20% carbs and protein and 60% fat, 40% carbs and fat and 20% protein, or 60% carbs and 20% protein and fat.
Similar to the Beyond Burger, Trader Joe's Protein Patties are made with plant-based protein, do not contain soy, and are, hence the name, heavy on the protein.
"It's three meals and two snacks a day, and each meal has protein, fiber and fat, and snacks are protein and fiber or protein and fat," he says.
So if you're trying to hit a protein count, particularly if you are intolerant to the usual vegan sources of protein (there is hemp protein you can try, and rice protein, and, god, I might have seen "coconut protein" once but who knows if that's any use at all), you're already in for some measure of planetary ruin.
While "high-protein" snacks might make you think of beef jerky and Frankenfood protein bars, you'd be surprised by the range of foods that pack a lot of protein.
I like the Optimum Nutrition High Protein Wafer Bars because they taste better than any protein product I've ever had, go down easy, and have 15 grams of protein.
The point of eating eggs is to provide protein to fuel that process; throwing away the yolks was supposed to maximize protein intake, powering protein synthesis in the muscles.
Protein shake with raspberries, blueberries, banana, ice, Pure Protein Vanilla powder Lunch, 2:30 p.m.
Chocolate Banana Walnut Protein Bar "Most protein bars are pretty much candy bars," Thurman says.
But then you have Cheerios Protein, a variation on the classic but with added protein.
In the low-protein group, the beverage contained high-fat milk and no added protein.
Muscle Pharm Combat Crunch Baked Protein Bars (12-Pack), $19.70I recently bought these protein bars.
Add a savory protein powder (like pea protein) to any pasta sauce, homemade or canned.
According to Daoust's recent lifecycle analysis, soy protein is the most sustainable nutritionally complete protein and contributes 25 percent less CO2 emissions than pea/rice protein; according to Collier, pea/rice protein is the better nutritional choice and is worth the slightly higher environmental cost.
One 2013 review in the Journal of the American College of Nutrition, for example, found milk protein is better able to support muscle-protein synthesis after exercise than soy protein.
Meal 4: Shake (collagen protein powder, vanilla protein powder, spinach, cacao, unsweetened almond milk, chia seeds)
But, it is lacking in protein— it contains less than one gram of protein per serving.
" Her post-gym protein shake is "great," because she's "getting protein, which is satisfying, and calcium.
Taking whey protein is an effective and inexpensive way to add more protein to your diet.
Impossible Burger 2.0 uses soy protein instead of wheat protein, which is why it's gluten-free.
Comparing each product ingredient by ingredient — calorie to calorie, protein to protein — you see slight variations.
Aside from protein drinks, the company now also makes small, 100-calorie bars and protein powder. 
Several recent studies suggest that mortality rates decrease when plant-based protein replaces animal-based protein.
So did homemade "protein balls" — peanut butter, sunflower seeds, protein powder and 15 milligrams of THC.
Privately-held Impossible also makes its burgers with soy protein while Beyond Meat uses pea protein.
SPR is one of many methods for protein- protein and protein-ligand interaction assessment, see Methods to investigate proteinprotein interactions.
Glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial (abbreviated as GCSH) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GCSH gene. Degradation of glycine is brought about by the glycine cleavage system (GCS), which is composed of 4 protein components: P protein (a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent glycine decarboxylase), H protein (a lipoic acid-containing protein; this protein), T protein (a tetrahydrofolate-requiring aminomethyltransferase enzyme), and L protein (a lipoamide dehydrogenase). The H protein shuttles the methylamine group of glycine from the P protein to the T protein. The protein encoded by GCSH gene is the H protein, which transfers the methylamine group of glycine from the P protein to the T protein.
This requires designing protein- therapeutics for affinity toward its partner. Proteinprotein interactions can be designed using protein design algorithms because the principles that rule protein stability also rule proteinprotein binding. Proteinprotein interaction design, however, presents challenges not commonly present in protein design. One of the most important challenges is that, in general, the interfaces between proteins are more polar than protein cores, and binding involves a tradeoff between desolvation and hydrogen bond formation.
TTC32 is from a protein family of structural repeat motifs that mediate protein-protein interactions in the formation of protein-protein complexes. This may indicate the potential for C6orf10 to interact with another protein for form a complex.
Members of the FBX protein family are involved in protein-protein interactions. The encoded protein may be involved in protein-protein interactions. Multiple alternative splice variants have been described but their full-length sequences have not been determined.
GCSH has been shown to interact with the other glycine cleavage system protein components: P protein, T protein and L protein.
Regulator of G-protein signaling 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RGS3 gene. This gene encodes a member of the regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) family. This protein is a GTP-ase activating protein which inhibits G-protein mediated signal transduction. The protein is largely cytosolic, but G-protein activation leads to translocation of this protein to the plasma membrane.
The encoded protein interacts with MYH7B, LINC00174, LINC00574, Homeobox protein goosecoid-2, AIRE, OTX1, Keratin-associated protein 13-2, Keratin-associated protein 11-1, TRIM69, Zinc finger protein 581, and COX6B1.
An example of a text mining protocol used in a study of protein-protein complexes, or protein docking. Text mining applications in the biomedical field include computational approaches to assist with studies in protein docking, protein interactions, and protein-disease associations.
Histone deacetylase 6 is the protein that, in the deacetylase adaptor protein function, forms Lewy bodies (the regular wild-type protein localized to inclusion bodies). No mutation associated with disease has been linked to this protein. Parkin is the protein that, in the protein ligase function, forms Lewy bodies (the regular wild-type protein localized to inclusion bodies). Parkinson's disease has been linked to this protein when there is a protein.
Protein kinase C-binding protein NELL1 also known as NEL-like protein 1 (NELL1) or Nel-related protein 1 (NRP1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NELL1 gene.
A pentameric protein is a quaternary protein structure that consists of five protein subunits.
Graphical models have become powerful frameworks for protein structure prediction, proteinprotein interaction, and free energy calculations for protein structures. Using a graphical model to represent the protein structure allows the solution of many problems including secondary structure prediction, protein-protein interactions, protein-drug interaction, and free energy calculations. There are two main approaches to using graphical models in protein structure modeling. The first approach uses discrete variables for representing the coordinates or the dihedral angles of the protein structure.
The Vega line of products includes vegan protein powder, protein bars, protein snacks, protein shakes, and supplements. Their products are all vegan certified and Non-GMO Project verified. Vega products predominantly use pea based protein instead of the typical dairy based whey protein used in most supplemental protein products. The Vega Protein with Greens comes in seven different flavours while offering 20 grams of plant based protein, veggies and green daily servings.
In enzymology, a lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :octanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + protein \rightleftharpoons protein N6-(octanoyl)lysine + acyl carrier protein Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are octanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] and protein, whereas its two products are protein N6-(octanoyl)lysine and acyl carrier protein. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is octanoyl-[acyl-carrier- protein]:protein N-octanoyltransferase. Other names in common use include LipB, lipoyl (octanoyl)-[acyl-carrier-protein]-protein, N-lipoyltransferase, lipoyl (octanoyl)-acyl carrier protein:protein transferase, lipoate/octanoate transferase, lipoyltransferase, octanoyl-[acyl carrier protein]-protein N-octanoyltransferase, and lipoyl(octanoyl)transferase.
Transmembrane protein 131L is 36% identical and 54% similar to transmembrane protein 131. The gene for transmembrane protein 131 is found on chromosomal location 2q11.2 and the protein is 1883 amino acids long and is also an integral membrane protein. However, research indicates that the TMEM131L protein is more highly methylated than the TMEM protein.
This gene is a member of the death-associated protein (DAP) kinase-related apoptosis-inducing protein kinase family and encodes an autophosphorylated nuclear protein with a protein kinase domain. The protein has apoptosis-inducing activity.
Centrosomal protein 89, also known as Centrosomal protein of 89 kDa (CEP89), Centrosomal protein 123 (CEP123), or Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 123 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CEP89 gene.
In enzymology, a protein-glutamate O-methyltransferase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein L-glutamate \rightleftharpoons S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein L-glutamate methyl ester Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl methionine and protein L-glutamic acid, whereas its two products are S-adenosylhomocysteine and protein L-glutamate methyl ester. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring one-carbon group methyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is S-adenosyl-L- methionine:protein-L-glutamate O-methyltransferase. Other names in common use include methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein O-methyltransferase, S-adenosylmethionine-glutamyl methyltransferase, methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein methyltransferase II, S-adenosylmethionine:protein-carboxyl O-methyltransferase, protein methylase II, MCP methyltransferase I, MCP methyltransferase II, protein O-methyltransferase, protein(aspartate)methyltransferase, protein(carboxyl)methyltransferase, protein carboxyl-methylase, protein carboxyl-O-methyltransferase, protein carboxylmethyltransferase II, protein carboxymethylase, protein carboxymethyltransferase, and protein methyltransferase II. This enzyme participates in bacterial chemotaxis - general and bacterial chemotaxis - organism-specific.
Alpha-1,4-glucan-protein synthase (UDP-forming) (, UDP-glucose:protein glucosyltransferase, glycogen initiator synthase, UDPGlc:protein transglucosylase, UPTG, uridine diphosphoglucose protein transglucosylase I, proglycogen synthase, uridine diphosphoglucose-protein 4-alpha- glucosyltransferase, uridine diphosphoglucose-protein glucosyltransferase, UDP-glucose protein transglucosylase, UDP-glucose-protein glucosyltransferase, uridine diphosphate glucose-protein transglucosylase I) is an enzyme with systematic name UDP-glucose:protein 4-alpha-glucosyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction : UDP-glucose + protein \rightleftharpoons UDP + alpha-D-glucosyl-protein The enzyme builds up alpha-1,4-glucan chains covalently bound to protein.
Protein transport protein Sec24C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEC24C gene.
Protein transport protein Sec16A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEC16A gene.
Deep Mutational scanning experiments have also been used to infer protein structure and protein-protein interactions.
Less common names of the C6orf201 protein are: protein MGC87625, hypothetical protein LOC404220, OTTHUMP00000213693, and OTTHUMP00000213725.
Most commonly, the weak antigen is a polysaccharide that is attached to strong protein antigen. However, peptide/protein and protein/protein conjugates have also been developed.
AAA proteins are involved in protein degradation, membrane fusion, DNA replication, microtubule dynamics, intracellular transport, transcriptional activation, protein refolding, disassembly of protein complexes and protein aggregates.
Degradation of glycine is brought about by the glycine cleavage system, which is composed of four mitochondrial protein components: P protein (a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent glycine decarboxylase), H protein (a lipoic acid-containing protein), T protein (a tetrahydrofolate-requiring enzyme), and L protein (a lipoamide dehydrogenase).
Interaction proteomics is the analysis of protein interactions from scales of binary interactions to proteome- or network-wide. Most proteins function via proteinprotein interactions, and one goal of interaction proteomics is to identify binary protein interactions, protein complexes, and interactomes. Several methods are available to probe proteinprotein interactions. While the most traditional method is yeast two-hybrid analysis, a powerful emerging method is affinity purification followed by protein mass spectrometry using tagged protein baits.
Dyslexia susceptibility 1 candidate gene 1 protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DYX1C1 gene. This protein contains 420-amino acids with 3 tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains, thought to mediate proteinprotein interactions.
This protein associates with the rest of mitochondrial Complex III and has protein-protein interactions with PHLDA3.
The encoded protein has protein- protein interactions with RAB2A, PHC2, NDUFAF8, NDUFS5, COX6B1, ECSIT, NDUFAF4, and COA3.
The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger, a motif known to be involved in protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. This protein was reported to interact with the tumor suppressor protein RB1. Studies of the rat counterpart suggested that this protein may function as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, and facilitate the ubiquitination and degradation of syntaxin 1, which is an essential component of the neurotransmitter release machinery.
Microtubule-associated protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAP4 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a major non-neuronal microtubule-associated protein. This protein contains a domain similar to the microtubule-binding domains of neuronal microtubule-associated protein (MAP2) and microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT/TAU). This protein promotes microtubule assembly, and has been shown to counteract destabilization of interphase microtubule catastrophe promotion.
RING finger protein 122 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RNF122 gene. The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger, a motif present in a variety of functionally distinct proteins and known to be involved in protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions.
Protein shroom3 also known as shroom-related protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SHROOM3 gene. Protein shroom3 is a PDZ domain- containing protein that belongs to a family of Shroom-related proteins. This protein may be involved in regulating cell shape in certain tissues.
RING finger protein 31 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RNF31 gene. The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger, a motif present in a variety of functionally distinct proteins and known to be involved in protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions.
De novo synthesis of protein benefits from knowledge of existing protein structures. This knowledge of existing protein structure assists with the prediction of new protein structures. Methods for protein structure prediction fall under one of the four following classes: ab initio, fragment based methods, homology modeling, and protein threading.
The viral genome encodes viral structural protein. Virions consist of 1 structural protein(s) (major species located in the capsid. Viral structural protein: Capsid protein has a molar mass of 59000–71000 Da; is the coat protein. Capsid protein has a molecular mass of minor 'soluble' 28–30 kDa.
ANKRD24 is in the protein family that contains ankyrin-repeat domains. Ankyrin repeats are known for mediating protein-protein interactions. The protein also contains two coiled-coil regions.
MAP3K1 contains a protein kinase domain as well as PHD finger (which has a RING finger domain-like structure) and scaffold protein regions that mediate proteinprotein interactions.
Gem-associated protein 2 (GEMIN2), also called survival of motor neuron protein-interacting protein 1 (SIP1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GEMIN2 gene.
Ataxin-3 is the protein that, in the deubiquitinating enzyme function, forms SCA type-1 and 2 DRPLA intranuclear inclusions (the regular wild-type protein localized to inclusion bodies). SCA type-3 has been linked to this protein when there is a protein. Dynein motor complex is the protein that, in the retrograde microtubule motor function, forms an unknown protein (the regular wild-type protein localized to inclusion bodies). Motor neuron degeneration has been linked to this protein when there is a protein.
These conformational switches can be utilized as a signal for cellular localization, membrane- protein, and proteinprotein interactions.
Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VPS33A gene.
Nuclear protein localization protein 4 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NPLOC4 gene.
Vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 36 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VPS36 gene.
Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VPS33B gene.
Huntingtin-interacting protein 1-related protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HIP1R gene.
Polyadenylate-binding protein-interacting protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PAIP2 gene.
Oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OSBPL3 gene.
Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 45 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VPS45 gene.
Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 13A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VPS13A gene.
Polyadenylate-binding protein-interacting protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PAIP1 gene.
Oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OSBPL11 gene.
Tumor protein p53-inducible protein 11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TP53I11 gene.
Protein transport protein Sec61 subunit gamma is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEC61G gene.
Myelin protein zero-like protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MPZL1 gene.
Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VPS4A gene.
Functional protein microarrays (also known as target protein arrays) are constructed by immobilising large numbers of purified proteins and are used to identify proteinprotein, protein–DNA, protein–RNA, protein–phospholipid, and protein–small-molecule interactions, to assay enzymatic activity and to detect antibodies and demonstrate their specificity. They differ from analytical arrays in that functional protein arrays are composed of arrays containing full-length functional proteins or protein domains. These protein chips are used to study the biochemical activities of the entire proteome in a single experiment. The key element in any functional protein microarray-based assay is the arrayed proteins must retain their native structure, such that meaningful functional interactions can take place on the array surface.
Due to the apparent size differences by the degree of PEGylation of the protein, size-exclusion chromatography (fast protein liquid chromatography or FPLC) can be used. There is a negative correlation between molecular weight and the retention time of the PEGylated protein in the chromatogram; larger protein, or more PEGylated protein elutes first, and smaller protein, or intact protein the latest.
The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:[tau-protein] O-phosphotransferase. Other names in common use include ATP:tau-protein O-hosphotransferase, brain protein kinase PK40erk, cdk5/p20, CDK5/p23, glycogen synthase kinase-3beta, GSK, protein tau kinase, STK31, tau kinase, [tau-protein] kinase, tau-protein kinase I, tau-protein kinase II, tau-tubulin kinase, TPK, TPK I, TPK II, and TTK.
In enzymology, a crotonoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydratase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :(3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-[acyl-carrier- protein] \rightleftharpoons but-2-enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + H2O Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, (3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein], and two products, but-2-enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] and H2O. This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the hydro-lyases, which cleave carbon-oxygen bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is (3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydro-lyase (but-2-enoyl-[acyl- carrier protein]-forming). Other names in common use include (3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydro-lyase, beta-hydroxybutyryl acyl carrier protein dehydrase, beta-hydroxybutyryl acyl carrier protein (ACP) dehydrase, beta-hydroxybutyryl acyl carrier protein dehydrase, enoyl acyl carrier protein hydrase, crotonyl acyl carrier protein hydratase, 3-hydroxybutyryl acyl carrier protein dehydratase, beta-hydroxybutyryl acyl carrier, and protein dehydrase.
Ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1) starts the ubiquitination process (Figure 1). The E1 enzyme, along with ATP, binds to the ubiquitin protein. The E1 enzyme then passes the ubiquitin protein to a second protein, called ubiquitin carrier or conjugation protein (E2). The E2 protein complexes with a ubiquitin protein ligase (E3).
The protein is a nuclear encoding mitochondrial protein. The protein in humans has 1760 amino acids. The protein is considered largely neutral, though 17% of the primary structure is composed of the hydrophobic leucine-rich repeats. The leucine-rich repeat forms a structural horseshoe shape, which encourages protein-protein interactions.
Protein DEPP also known as decidual protein induced by progesterone (DEPP) and fasting-induced gene protein (FIG) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DEPP gene.
SPATS2-like protein (spermatogenesis associated, serine-rich 2-like protein) or DNAPTP6 (DNA polymerase transactivated protein 6) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPATS2L gene.
Protein UXT (Ubiquitously eXpressed Transcript protein) also known as androgen receptor trapped clone 27 (ART-27) protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UXT gene.
This polyprotein is proteolytically processed by viral proteases (NIa, HC-Pro and P1) and undergoes co- and post-translational cleavage to yield several multi-functional proteins. These include the following: P1 (P1 Protein), HCPro (Helper Component Proteinase), P3 (P3 Protein), 6K1 (6-kDa Protein 1), CI (Cylindrical Inclusion), 6K2 (6-kDa Protein 2), VPg (Viral Protein genome-linked), NIaPro (Nuclear Inclusion Protein a, Proteinase domain), NIb (Nuclear Inclusion Protein b) and the CP (Coat Protein).
Proteins shown to interact with TMEM261 include NAAA (protein-protein interaction), QTRT1 (RNA-protein interaction),ZC4H2(DNA- protein interaction) and ZNF454(DNA-protein interaction). It has also shown to interact with APP(protein-protein interaction), ARHGEF38(protein-protein interaction) and HNRNPD(RNA-protein interaction). Tissue expression of TMEM261 showing tissue enriched gene (TEG) expression Additional transcription factor binding sites (DNA-protein interaction) predicted include one binding site for MEF2C a monocyte-specific enhancement factor that is involved in muscle-cell regulation particularly in the cardiovascular system and two binding sites for GATA1 which is a globin transcription factor 1 involved in erythroblast development regulation.
Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 72 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VPS72 gene.
Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VPS18 gene.
Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VPS11 gene.
Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein VTA1 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VTA1 gene.
Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 28 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VPS28 gene.
TATA box-binding protein-like protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TBPL1 gene.
Poly(A) binding protein interacting protein 2B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PAIP2B gene.
DHFR has been used as a tool to detect proteinprotein interactions in a protein-fragment complementation assay (PCA).
TYRO protein tyrosine kinase-binding protein is an adapter protein that in humans is encoded by the TYROBP gene.
The Protein–RNA Interface Database (PRIDB) is a database of protein–RNA interfaces extracted from the Protein Data Bank.
Methylation of proteins has a regulatory role in proteinprotein interactions, protein–DNA interactions, and protein activation. Examples: RCC1, an important mitotic protein, is methylated so that it can interact with centromeres of chromosomes. This is an example of regulation of protein-protein interaction, as methylation regulates the attachment of RCC1 to histone proteins H2A and H2B. The RCC1-chromatin interaction is also an example of a protein-DNA interaction, as another domain of RCC1 interacts directly with DNA when this protein is methylated.
Protein KIBRA also known as kidney and brain expressed protein (KIBRA) or WW domain-containing protein 1 (WWC1) is a protein that in humansl is encoded by the WWC1 gene.
In addition to protein A, other immunoglobulin-binding bacterial proteins such as Protein G, Protein A/G and Protein L are all commonly used to purify, immobilize or detect immunoglobulins.
Heat shock 70 kDa protein 14 also known as HSP70-like protein 1 or heat shock protein HSP60 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HSPA14 gene.
The human gene ARMC6 encodes a protein called Armadillo repeat-containing protein 6. The function of this gene's protein product has not been determined. A related protein in mouse suggests that this protein has a conserved function. The protein is characterized by the presence of armadillo repeats in its amino acid sequence.
Protein S (also known as S-Protein) is a vitamin K-dependent plasma glycoprotein synthesized in the liver. In the circulation, Protein S exists in two forms: a free form and a complex form bound to complement protein C4b-binding protein (C4BP). In humans, protein S is encoded by the PROS1 gene.
Engulfment and cell motility protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ELMO2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene interacts with the dedicator of cyto-kinesis 1 protein. Similarity to a C. elegans protein suggests that this protein may function in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and in cell migration. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein.
In addition to other nutrients, the human body needs protein to build muscles. In the fitness and medical fields it is generally accepted that protein after exercise helps build the muscles used. Whey protein is one of the most popular protein sources used for athletic performance. Other protein sources include egg albumen protein and casein, which is typically known as the slow digestive component of milk protein.
Chromosome 11 open reading frame 86, also known as C11orf86, is a protein- coding gene in humans. It encodes for a protein known as uncharacterized protein C11orf86, which is predicted to be a nuclear protein. The function of this protein is currently unknown.
Protein RCC2 also known as telophase disk protein of 60 kDa (TD-60) or RCC1-like protein TD-60 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RCC2 gene.
These pairwise approaches have been used in predicting protein-protein interactions.Ben-Hur, A. and Noble W.S. Kernel methods for predicting protein- protein interactions. Bioinformatics. 2005 Jun;21 Suppl 1:i38-46.
IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein (IQGAP) is a carrier protein. It is associated with the Rho GTP-binding protein.
G-protein coupled receptor-associated sorting protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPRASP2 gene.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase scaffold protein 1 is a scaffold protein that in humans is encoded by the MAPKSP1 gene.
G-protein coupled receptor-associated sorting protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPRASP1 gene.
Transient receptor potential channel-interacting protein database (TRIP) is a database of proteinprotein interactions for the mammalian TRP channels.
In enzymology, a protein-disulfide reductase (glutathione) () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :2 glutathione + protein-disulfide \rightleftharpoons glutathione disulfide + protein-dithiol Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are glutathione and protein disulfide, whereas its two products are glutathione disulfide and protein dithiol. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on a sulfur group of donors with a disulfide as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is glutathione:protein-disulfide oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase, insulin reductase, reductase, protein disulfide (glutathione), protein disulfide transhydrogenase, glutathione-protein disulfide oxidoreductase, protein disulfide reductase (glutathione), GSH-insulin transhydrogenase, protein- disulfide interchange enzyme, protein-disulfide isomerase/oxidoreductase, thiol:protein-disulfide oxidoreductase, and thiol-protein disulphide oxidoreductase.
In enzymology, a palmitoyl[protein] hydrolase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :palmitoyl[protein] + H2O \rightleftharpoons palmitate + protein Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are palmitoyl[protein] and H2O, whereas its two products are palmitate and protein. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on thioester bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is palmitoyl[protein] hydrolase. Other names in common use include palmitoyl-protein thioesterase, and palmitoyl-(protein) hydrolase.
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNG11 gene. This gene is a member of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) gamma family and encodes a lipid-anchored, cell membrane protein. As a member of the heterotrimeric G protein complex, this protein plays a role in this transmembrane signaling system. This protein is also subject to carboxyl-terminal processing.
PSME2 is another subunit of the 11S regulator RNF31 encodes a protein which contains a ring finger motif found in several proteins which mediate protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions. FITM1 is a protein involved in fat storage. DCAF11 is a protein that is known to interact with COP9 and has several alternative transcripts.
In enzymology, a beta-ketoacyl-acyl-carrier-protein synthase I () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction center :an acyl-acyl-carrier-protein + malonyl-acyl-carrier-protein \rightleftharpoons a 3-oxoacyl-acyl-carrier- protein + CO2 \+ acyl-carrier-protein Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acyl-acyl-carrier-protein and malonyl-acyl-carrier-protein, whereas its 3 products are 3-oxoacyl-acyl-carrier-protein, CO2, and acyl carrier protein. This enzyme participates in fatty acid biosynthesis. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups.
Calcium and integrin-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CIB1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the calcium- binding protein family. The specific function of this protein has not yet been determined; however this protein is known to interact with DNA-dependent protein kinase and may play a role in kinase-phosphatase regulation of DNA end-joining. This protein also interacts with integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3), which may implicate this protein as a regulatory molecule for alpha(IIb)beta(3).
40S ribosomal protein S27a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPS27A gene. Ubiquitin, a highly conserved protein that has a major role in targeting cellular proteins for degradation by the 26S proteosome, is synthesized as a precursor protein consisting of either polyubiquitin chains or a single ubiquitin fused to an unrelated protein. This gene encodes a fusion protein consisting of ubiquitin at the N terminus and ribosomal protein S27a at the C terminus. When expressed in yeast, the protein is post- translationally processed, generating free ubiquitin monomer and ribosomal protein S27a.
Tudor domain-containing protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TDRD3 gene. It contains a Tudor domain and UBA protein domain and has three distinct Protein isoforms.
Espin, also known as autosomal recessive deafness type 36 protein or ectoplasmic specialization protein, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ESPN gene. Espin is a microfilament binding protein.
Receptor expression-enhancing protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the REEP5 gene. Receptor Expression Enhancing Protein is a protein encoded for in Humans by the REEP5 gene.
Protein content in foods is often measured in protein per serving rather than protein per calorie. For instance, the USDA lists 6 grams of protein per large whole egg (a 50-gram serving) rather than 84 mg of protein per calorie (71 calories total). For comparison, there are 2.8 grams of protein in a serving of raw broccoli (100 grams) or 82 mg of protein per calorie (34 calories total), or the Daily Value of 47.67g of protein after eating 1,690g of raw broccoli a day at 574 cal. An egg contains 12.5g of protein per 100g, but 4 mg more protein per calorie, or the protein DV after 381g of egg, which is 545 cal.
Interactions between proteins are frequently visualized and analyzed using networks. This network is made up of proteinprotein interactions from Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis and other diseases. Tens of thousands of three-dimensional protein structures have been determined by X-ray crystallography and protein nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (protein NMR) and a central question in structural bioinformatics is whether it is practical to predict possible proteinprotein interactions only based on these 3D shapes, without performing proteinprotein interaction experiments. A variety of methods have been developed to tackle the proteinprotein docking problem, though it seems that there is still much work to be done in this field.
ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 6-interacting protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARL6IP1 gene.
SH3-containing GRB2-like protein 3-interacting protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SGIP1 gene.
Proline-rich protein 16 (PRR16) is a protein coding gene in Homo sapiens. The protein is known by the alias Largen.
BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BNIP2 gene.
These principles, which build on both protein structure prediction and protein design, were used to design five different novel protein topologies.
Numb has demonstrated protein-protein interactions with adaptor-related protein complex 2, alpha 1, Mdm2, L1, DPYSL2, SIAH1, P53 and LNX1.
Fanconi anemia group J protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BRCA1-interacting protein 1 (BRIP1) gene.
Glycine is metabolized in the body's cells to end products of carbon dioxide and ammonia. The glycine cleavage system, which is responsible for glycine metabolism in the mitochondria is made up of four protein subunits, the P-protein, H-protein, T-protein and L-protein.
Tubulin is characterized by the evolutionarily conserved Tubulin/FtsZ family, GTPase protein domain. This GTPase protein domain is found in all eukaryotic tubulin chains, as well as the bacterial protein TubZ, the archaeal protein CetZ, and the FtsZ protein family widespread in Bacteria and Archaea.
P protein plays important and multiple roles during transcription and replication of the RNA genome. The multifunctional P protein is encoded by the P gene. P protein acts as a non-catalytic cofactor of large protein polymerase. It is binding to N and L protein.
Ubiquilin-1 is the protein that, in the protein turnover, intracellular trafficking function, forms Lewy bodies and neurofibrillary tangles (the regular wild-type protein localized to inclusion bodies). Alzheimer's disease (potential risk factor) has been linked to this protein when there is a protein.
AH receptor-interacting protein (AIP) also known as aryl hydrocarbon receptor- interacting protein, immunophilin homolog ARA9, or HBV X-associated protein 2 (XAP-2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AIP gene. The protein is a member of the FKBP family.
Different parts of the fusion protein. As illustrated in the figure, HaloTag protein consists of the synthetic ligand and reactive chloroalkane linker parts. The HaloTag protein is attached to the protein of interest. HaloTagged fusion proteins can be expressed using standard recombinant protein expression techniques.
The wet fractionation method is used to produce pea protein isolates. Pea protein isolates generally contain a higher concentration of protein than pea protein concentrates. It involves the extraction of the protein at an alkaline pH. An alkaline pH is usually between pH 9.5-10.5.
Regulator of G-protein signaling 12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RGS12 gene. This gene encodes a member of the 'regulator of G protein signaling' (RGS) gene family. The encoded protein may function as a guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase)-activating protein as well as a transcriptional repressor. This protein may play a role in tumorigenesis.
Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 17 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ANKRD17 gene. This gene encodes a protein with ankyrin repeats, which are associated with protein-protein interactions. Studies in mice suggest that this protein is involved in liver development. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Biotinylated plasmid DNA was bound by avidin. New protein was synthesized by using cell-free expression system i.e. rabbit reticulocyte lysate (RRL), and then the new protein was captured through anti-GST antibody bounded on the slide. To test protein-protein interaction, the targeted protein cDNA and query protein cDNA were immobilized in a same coated slide.
SMCO4 (Single-pass membrane protein with coiled-coil domains 4) is a human gene that encodes the FN5 protein. The FN5 protein is a single-pass transmembrane protein, which means that one end of the protein will remain in the cytoplasm, while the other end of the protein is exposed to the interior of the cell.
CENP-B is an 80kDa DNA binding protein involved in the folding of heterochromatin. CENP-C is a 140kDa protein involved in kinetochore assembly. CENP-D is a 50kDa protein of unknown function, but may be homologous to another protein involved in chromatin condensation, RCC1. CENP-E is a 312kDa protein from the kinesin motor protein family.
For simplicity, each protein structure was considered as an immiscible mixture of two solvents, protein interior and protein exterior. The local environment around individual amino acid (termed as "micro-environment") was computed for both protein interior and protein exterior. The ratio gives the relative hydrophobicity scale for individual amino acids. Computation was trained on high resolution protein crystal structures.
NGFI-A-binding protein 2 also known as EGR-1-binding protein 2 or melanoma- associated delayed early response protein (MADER) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NAB2 gene.
Proteomics permits the quantitative analysis and detection of changes to proteins or protein biomarkers. Protein biomarkers detect a variety of biological changes, such as protein-protein interactions, post-translational modifications and immunological responses.
LIM/homeobox protein Lhx2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LHX2 gene. This gene encodes a protein belonging to a large protein family, members of which carry the LIM domain, a unique cysteine-rich zinc-binding domain. The encoded protein may function as a transcriptional regulator. The protein can recapitulate or rescue phenotypes in Drosophila caused by a related protein, suggesting conservation of function during evolution.
Regulator of G-protein signaling 19 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RGS19 gene. G proteins mediate a number of cellular processes. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the RGS (regulators of G-protein signaling) family and specifically interacts with G protein, GAI3. This protein is a guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein that functions to down-regulate Galpha i/Galpha q-linked signaling.
DNA repair protein REV1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the REV1 gene. This gene encodes a protein with similarity to the S. cerevisiae mutagenesis protein Rev1. The Rev1 proteins contain a BRCT domain, which is important in protein-protein interactions. A suggested role for the human Rev1-like protein is as a scaffold that recruits DNA polymerases involved in translesion synthesis (TLS) of damaged DNA.
Protein transport protein Sec31A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEC31A gene. The protein encoded by this gene is similar to the SEC31 protein from yeast. The yeast SEC31 protein is known to be a component of the COPII protein complex, which is responsible for vesicle budding from endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This protein was found to colocalize with SEC13, one of the other components of COPII, in the subcellular structures corresponding to the vesicle transport function.
Protein purification is a series of processes intended to isolate one or a few proteins from a complex mixture, usually cells, tissues or whole organisms. Protein purification is vital for the characterization of the function, structure and interactions of the protein of interest. The purification process may separate the protein and non-protein parts of the mixture, and finally separate the desired protein from all other proteins. Separation of one protein from all others is typically the most laborious aspect of protein purification.
Protein kinase C-binding protein 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ZMYND8 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for activated C-kinase (RACK) protein. The encoded protein has been shown to bind in vitro to activated protein kinase C beta I. In addition, this protein is a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma-associated antigen. Finally, the protein contains a bromodomain and two zinc fingers, and is thought to be a transcriptional regulator.
In enzymology, a dodecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydrolase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :dodecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + H2O \rightleftharpoons [acyl-carrier-protein] + dodecanoate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are dodecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] and H2O, whereas its two products are acyl-carrier-protein and dodecanoate. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on thioester bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is dodecanoyl-[acyl-carrier- protein] hydrolase. Other names in common use include lauryl-acyl-carrier- protein hydrolase, dodecanoyl-acyl-carrier-protein hydrolase, dodecyl-acyl- carrier protein hydrolase, and dodecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] hydrolase.
The Pierce Protein Assay is a method of protein quantification. It provides quick estimation of the protein amount in a given sample.
ORF2b encodes the envelope protein. There is a newly discovered protein encoded in ORF5a that overlaps ORF5. ORF6 encodes the membrane protein.
BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3-like is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BNIP3L gene.
Facilitates RNA-dependent RNA polymerase attachment and recruits M2 protein. M1- Matrix protein. Facilitates nucleocapsid and envelope interactions. M2-1- Matrix protein.
The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional regulatory protein. It contains paired amphipathic helix (PAH) domains, which are important for protein-protein interactions and may mediate repression by the Mad-Max complex.
Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 11 also known as CARD-containing MAGUK protein 1 (Carma 1) is a protein in the CARD-CC protein family that in humans is encoded by the CARD11 gene.
Chemerin, also known as retinoic acid receptor responder protein 2 (RARRES2), tazarotene-induced gene 2 protein (TIG2), or RAR-responsive protein TIG2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RARRES2 gene.
Protein disulfide-isomerase is involved in the hydroxylation of proline residues in preprocollagen. Protein transport protein Sec24D is a protein involved in vesicle transport. How mutations in the gene cause disease is not yet clear. Cartilage associated protein is involved in post translation modifications of collagen.
Protein phosphatase methylesterase-1 (, PME-1, PPME1) is an enzyme with systematic name (phosphatase 2A protein)-leucine ester acylhydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction : [phosphatase 2A protein]-leucine methyl ester + H2O \rightleftharpoons [phosphatase 2A protein]-leucine + methanol A key regulator of protein phosphatase 2A.
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase subfamily of the Ser/Thr protein kinases, and is most highly similar to GRK4 and GRK6. The protein phosphorylates the activated forms of G protein-coupled receptors to regulate their signaling.
Small G protein signaling modulator 1 (SGSM1) also known as RUN and TBC1 domain-containing protein 2 (RUTBC2) and nurr1-interacting protein (NuIP) is a protein in humans that is encoded by the SGSM1 gene.
Protein transport protein Sec16B also known as regucalcin gene promoter region-related protein p117 (RGPR-p117) and leucine zipper transcription regulator 2 (LZTR2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEC16B gene.
A list with commonly used software tools for protein structure prediction, including comparative modeling, protein threading, de novo protein structure prediction, and secondary structure prediction is available in the list of protein structure prediction software.
Stratifin (also known as 14-3-3 protein sigma or 14-3-3σ protein) is a protein encoded by the SFN gene in humans. The protein is named for its presence in stratified epithelial cells.
Protein BEX2 also known as brain-expressed X-linked protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BEX2 gene.
Homeobox protein DBX2, also known as developing brain homeobox protein 2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DBX2 gene.
Chloride intracellular channel protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLIC3 gene. This protein is a chloride channel.
Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1-associated protein 2-like protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BAIAP2L1 gene.
Protein BEX1 also known as brain-expressed X-linked protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BEX1 gene.
FTS and Hook-interacting protein (FHIP) also known as protein FAM160A2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM160A2 gene.
Protein pigeon homolog also known as gamma-secretase activating protein (GSAP) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PION gene.
Protein NPAT also known as nuclear protein of the ATM locus is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NPAT gene.
This gene encodes a protein with similarity to both the pathogenesis-related protein (PR) superfamily and the cysteine-rich secretory protein (CRISP) family.
Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa-interacting protein 2-like protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BNIPL gene.
Angiopoietin-related protein 2 also known as angiopoietin-like protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ANGPTL2 gene.
Sal-like protein 3, also known as zinc finger protein SALL3, is a protein that in humans in encoded by the SALL3 gene.
Detecting proteinprotein interactions with a green fluorescent protein fragment reassembly trap: scope and mechanism. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 146–157 (2005).
Protein deglycase DJ-1, also known as Parkinson disease protein 7, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the PARK7 gene.
Histone RNA hairpin-binding protein or stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLBP gene.
Prion protein 2 (dublet), also known as PRND, or Doppel protein, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the PRND gene.
In enzymology, a protein-glutamate methylesterase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :protein L-glutamate O5-methyl ester + H2O \rightleftharpoons protein L-glutamate + methanol Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are protein L-glutamate O5-methyl ester and H2O, whereas its two products are protein L-glutamate and methanol. This enzyme is a demethylase, and more specifically it belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on carboxylic ester bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is protein-L-glutamate-O5-methyl-ester acylhydrolase. Other names in common use include chemotaxis-specific methylesterase, methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein methyl-esterase, CheB methylesterase, methylesterase CheB, protein methyl-esterase, protein carboxyl methylesterase, PME, protein methylesterase, and protein-L-glutamate-5-O-methyl-ester acylhydrolase.
3-hydroxydecanoyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) dehydratase (, D-3-hydroxydecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] dehydratase, 3-hydroxydecanoyl-acyl carrier protein dehydrase, 3-hydroxydecanoyl-acyl carrier protein dehydratase, beta-hydroxydecanoyl thioester dehydrase, beta-hydroxydecanoate dehydrase, beta-hydroxydecanoyl thiol ester dehydrase, FabA, beta-hydroxyacyl-acyl carrier protein dehydratase, HDDase, beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydrase, (3R)-3-hydroxydecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydro-lyase) is an enzyme with systematic name (3R)-3-hydroxydecanoyl-(acyl-carrier protein) hydro-lyase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction : (1) a (3R)-3-hydroxydecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] \rightleftharpoons a trans- dec-2-enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O : (2) a (3R)-3-hydroxydecanoyl-[acyl- carrier protein] \rightleftharpoons a cis-dec-3-enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O This enzyme is specific for C10 chain length.
Protein labeling with fluorescent molecules allows the visualization of protein dynamics, localization, and protein-protein interactions, and therefore serves as an important technique to understand protein functions and networks in living cells. The protein labeling should have a high selectivity towards the protein of interest, and should not interfere with the natural functions of the protein. Although genetic coding of fluorescent proteins, such as the green fluorescent protein (GFP), is the most popular technique due to its high specificity, fluorescent proteins are likely to interfere with the functions of the protein to which they are fused because of their large sizes. There are multiple tagging tools, such as HaloTag, SNAP tag, and FlAsH, developed in order to overcome the weakness of traditional protein labeling with fluorescent proteins.
This glycosylation is important both for protein structure and protein function.
Melanocortin 2 Receptor accessory protein (MRAP) traps MC5R protein inside cells.
Protein-protein interactions can be engineered to favor certain oligomerization states.
NUBPL has protein-protein interactions with DNAJB11, MTUS2, RNF2, and UFD1L.
Kleywegt's research focuses on protein crystallography and the Protein Data Bank.
It is an acidic molecule with a pI of 4.0. Unlike Protein A and Protein G, which bind to the Fc region of immunoglobulins (antibodies), Protein L binds antibodies through light chain interactions. Since no part of the heavy chain is involved in the binding interaction, Protein L binds a wider range of antibody classes than Protein A or G. Protein L binds to representatives of all antibody classes, including IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE and IgD. Single chain variable fragments (scFv) and Fab fragments also bind to Protein L. Despite this wide binding range, Protein L is not a universal antibody-binding protein.
A great improvement of RPMAs over traditional forward phase protein arrays is a reduction in the number of antibodies needed to detect a protein. Forward phase protein arrays typically use a sandwich method to capture and detect the desired protein. This implies that there must be two epitopes on the protein (one to capture the protein and one to detect the protein) for which specific antibodies are available. Other forward phase protein microarrays directly label the samples, however there is often variability in the labeling efficiency for different protein, and often the labeling destroys the epitope to which the antibody binds.
Large prospective cohort studies have shown a slight increase in risk of bone fracture when the quintile of highest protein consumption is compared to the quintile of lowest protein consumption. In these studies, the trend is also seen for animal protein but not plant protein, but the individuals differ substantially in animal protein intake and very little in plant protein intake. As protein consumption increases, calcium uptake from the gut is enhanced. Normal increases in calcium uptake occur with increased protein in the range 0.8 grams to 1.5 grams of protein per kilogram body weight per day.
Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UQCRH gene. Its gene product is a subunit of the respiratory chain protein Ubiquinol Cytochrome c Reductase (UQCR, Complex III or Cytochrome bc1 complex; E.C. 1.10.2.2), which consists of the products of one mitochondrially encoded gene, MTCYTB (mitochondrial cytochrome b) and ten nuclear genes: UQCRC1, UQCRC2, Cytochrome c1, UQCRFS1 (Rieske protein), UQCRB, "11kDa protein", UQCRH (cyt c1 Hinge protein), Rieske Protein presequence, "cyt. c1 associated protein", and "Rieske-associated protein".
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF34 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RNF34 gene. The protein encoded by this gene contains a RINF finger, a motif known to be involved in protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. This protein interacts with DNAJA3/hTid-1, which is a DnaJ protein reported to function as a modulator of apoptosis. Overexpression of this gene in Hela cells was shown to confer the resistance to TNF-alpha induced apoptosis, suggesting an anti-apoptotic function of this protein.
Balancing the use of mass spectrometers in proteomics and in medicine is the use of protein micro arrays. The aim behind protein micro arrays is to print thousands of protein detecting features for the interrogation of biological samples. Antibody arrays are an example in which a host of different antibodies are arrayed to detect their respective antigens from a sample of human blood. Another approach is the arraying of multiple protein types for the study of properties like protein-DNA, protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions.
G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GPCRKs, GRKs) are a family of protein kinases within the AGC (protein kinase A, protein kinase G, protein kinase C) group of kinases. Like all AGC kinases, GRKs use ATP to add phosphate to Serine and Threonine residues in specific locations of target proteins. In particular, GRKs phosphorylate intracellular domains of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GRKs function in tandem with arrestin proteins to regulate the sensitivity of GPCRs for stimulating downstream heterotrimeric G protein and G protein-independent signaling pathways.
Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UQCRC1 gene. Its gene product is a subunit of the respiratory chain protein Ubiquinol Cytochrome c Reductase (UQCR, Complex III or Cytochrome bc1 complex), which consists of the products of one mitochondrially encoded gene, MTCYTB (mitochondrial cytochrome b) and ten nuclear genes: UQCRC1, UQCRC2, Cytochrome c1, UQCRFS1 (Rieske protein), UQCRB, "11kDa protein", UQCRH (cyt c1 Hinge protein), Rieske Protein presequence, "cyt. c1 associated protein", and Rieske-associated protein.
The SPG7 protein is a nuclear-encoded metalloprotease protein that is a member of the AAA protein family. Members of this protein family share an ATPase domain and have roles in diverse cellular processes including membrane trafficking, intracellular motility, organelle biogenesis, protein folding, and proteolysis. The SPG7 protein is a transmembrane protein that is located to the inner mitochondrial membrane, and is part of the m-AAA metalloproteinase complex, which constitutes one of the known intra-mitochondrial proteases that function in mitochondrial protein quality control.
BioLiP is a comprehensive ligand–protein interaction database, with the 3D structure of the ligand–protein interactions taken from the Protein Data Bank. MANORAA is a webserver for analyzing conserved and differential molecular interaction of the ligand in complex with protein structure homologs from the Protein Data Bank. It provides the linkage to protein targets such as its location in the biochemical pathways, SNPs and protein/RNA baseline expression in target organ.
Whey protein is the collection of globular proteins isolated from whey. The protein in cow's milk is 20% whey protein and 80% casein protein, whereas the protein in human milk is 70% whey and 30% casein. The protein fraction in whey constitutes approximately 10% of the total dry solids in whey. This protein is typically a mixture of beta- lactoglobulin (~65%), alpha-lactalbumin (~25%), bovine serum albumin (~8%)(see also serum albumin), and immunoglobulins.
For example, the subset of RNA-protein interactions preserved depends highly on the protein concentrations and ionic conditions. Furthermore, the reassociation of RNA- binding proteins following cell lysis may lead to the detection of artificial interactions. Formaldehyde cross-linking methods have been used to preserve RNA-protein interactions, but also generate protein-protein cross-links. UV cross-linking methods provide a significant advantage over formaldehyde cross- linking, as they avoid protein-protein cross-links entirely.
Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFITM1 gene. IFITM1 has also recently been designated CD225 (cluster of differentiation 225). This protein has several additional names: fragilis (human homolog of the mouse protein), IFI17 [interferon-induced protein 17], 9-27 [Interferon-inducible protein 9-27] and Leu13. IFITM1 is a member of the IFITM family (Interferon-induced transmembrane protein) which is encoded by IFITM genes.
In enzymology, a protein-serine epimerase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :[protein]-L-serine \rightleftharpoons [protein]-D-serine Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, [protein]-L-serine, and one product, [protein]-D-serine. This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerases, specifically those racemases and epimerases acting on amino acids and derivatives. The systematic name of this enzyme class is [protein]-serine epimerase. This enzyme is also called protein-serine racemase.
RING-box protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RNF7 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a highly conserved ring finger protein. It is an essential subunit of SKP1-cullin/CDC53-F box protein ubiquitin ligases, which are a part of the protein degradation machinery important for cell cycle progression and signal transduction. This protein interacts with, and is a substrate of, casein kinase II (CSNK2A1/CKII).
This gene encodes a member of the GRB2/Sem5/Drk family. This member is an adaptor-like protein involved in leukocyte-specific protein- tyrosine kinase signaling. Like its related family member, GRB2-related adaptor protein (GRAP), this protein contains an SH2 domain flanked by two SH3 domains. This protein interacts with other proteins, such as GRB2-associated binding protein 1 (GAB1) and the SLP-76 leukocyte protein (LCP2), through its SH3 domains.
The protein encoded by this gene binds to the beta-amyloid precursor protein. Beta-amyloid precursor protein is a cell surface protein with signal-transducing properties, and it is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In addition, the encoded protein can form a heterodimer with UBE1C and bind and activate NEDD8, a ubiquitin-like protein. This protein is required for cell cycle progression through the S/M checkpoint.
Protein flightless-1 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FLII gene. This gene encodes a protein with a gelsolin-like actin binding domain and an N-terminal leucine-rich repeat-protein protein interaction domain. The protein is similar to a Drosophila protein involved in early embryogenesis and the structural organization of indirect flight muscle. The gene is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17.
Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 23 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ANKRD23 gene. This gene is a member of the muscle ankyrin repeat protein (MARP) family and encodes a protein with four tandem ankyrin- like repeats. The protein is localized to the nucleus, functioning as a transcriptional regulator. Expression of this protein is induced during recovery following starvation.
NTF2-related export protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NXT1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is located in the nuclear envelope. It has protein similarity to nuclear transport factor 2. This protein functions as a nuclear export factor in both RAN (Ras-related nuclear protein)- and CRM1 (required for chromosome region maintenance)-dependent pathways.
Amyloid beta A4 precursor protein-binding family B member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APBB2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene interacts with the cytoplasmic domains of amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein and amyloid beta (A4) precursor-like protein 2. This protein contains two phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domains, which are thought to function in signal transduction.
Microtubule-associated protein 6 (MAP6) or stable tubule-only polypeptide (STOP or STOP protein) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAP6 gene. This gene encodes a microtubule-associated protein (MAP). The encoded protein is a calmodulin-binding and calmodulin-regulated protein that is involved in microtubule stabilization. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene.
Prediction databases include many PPIs that are predicted using several techniques (main article). Examples: Human ProteinProtein Interaction Prediction Database (PIPs), Interlogous Interaction Database (I2D), Known and Predicted ProteinProtein Interactions (STRING-db), and Unified Human Interactive (UniHI). The aforementioned computational methods all depend on source databases whose data can be extrapolated to predict novel protein- protein interactions. Coverage differs greatly between databases.
In the field of molecular biology, transrepression is a process whereby one protein represses (i.e., inhibits) the activity of a second protein through a protein-protein interaction. Since this repression occurs between two different protein molecules (intermolecular), it is referred to as a trans- acting process. The protein that is repressed is usually a transcription factor whose function is to up-regulate (i.e.
Thrombin bound to thrombomodulin activates protein C, an inhibitor of the coagulation cascade. The activation of protein C is greatly enhanced following the binding of thrombin to thrombomodulin, an integral membrane protein expressed by endothelial cells. Activated protein C inactivates factors Va and VIIIa. Binding of activated protein C to protein S leads to a modest increase in its activity.
PDZ and LIM domain protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDLIM5 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a LIM domain protein. LIM domains are cysteine-rich double zinc fingers composed of 50 to 60 amino acids that are involved in protein-protein interactions. LIM domain-containing proteins are scaffolds for the formation of multiprotein complexes.
This gene encodes a protein with multiple PDZ domains. PDZ domains mediate protein-protein interactions, and proteins with multiple PDZ domains often organize multimeric complexes at the plasma membrane. This protein localizes to tight junctions and to the apical membrane of epithelial cells. A similar protein in Drosophila is a scaffolding protein which tethers several members of a multimeric signaling complex in photoreceptors.
In molecular biology, the Tymovirus coat protein refers to the protein coat of a virus order, named Tymovirales. More specifically this protein signature is found only in coat proteins from the related tymoviruses. The coat protein (CP) is also known as the virion protein. The virus coat is composed of 180 copies of the coat protein arranged in an icosahedral shell.
This protein was found to interact with S100A4, a calcium-binding protein related to tumor invasiveness and metastasis. In vitro experiment demonstrated that the interaction inhibited the phosphorylation of this protein by protein kinase C and protein kinase CK2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.
Basic salivary proline-rich protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRB3 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a proline-rich salivary protein. It is a major constituent of parotid saliva. This protein is proposed to act as a bacterial receptor.
Zinc finger protein 638 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF638 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a nucleoplasmic protein. It binds cytidine-rich sequences in double-stranded DNA. This protein has three types of domains: MH1, MH2 (repeated three times) and MH3.
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF123 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RNF123 gene. The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger, a motif present in a variety of functionally distinct proteins and known to be involved in protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions.
The first example of protein A being coupled to a porous bead for purification of IgG was published in 1972. Immunoprecipitation studies with protein A conjugated to beads are also commonly used to purify proteins or protein complexes indirectly through antibodies against the protein or protein complex of interest.
Nanos protein, in complex with Pumilio protein, binds to the hunchback mRNA and blocks its translation in the posterior end of Drosophila embryos. The Bicoid, Hunchback, and Caudal proteins are transcription factors. The Bicoid protein is a morphogen as well. The Nanos protein is a translational repressor protein.
The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein and member of the inward rectifier potassium channel family. The encoded protein has a small unitary conductance compared to other members of this protein family. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.
In enzymology, a triphosphate-protein phosphotransferase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :triphosphate + [microsomal-membrane protein] \rightleftharpoons diphosphate + phospho-[microsomal-membrane protein] Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are triphosphate and microsomal-membrane protein, whereas its two products are diphosphate and phospho-[microsomal- membrane protein].
Tumor protein p53 pathway corepressor 1 (non-protein coding) is a non-protein coding gene that in humans is encoded by the TP53COR1 gene.
Oxygen-regulated protein 1 also known as retinitis pigmentosa 1 protein (RP1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RP1 gene.
Macrophage-capping protein (CAPG) also known as actin regulatory protein CAP-G is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAPG gene.
Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 10 is a protein in the CARD-CC protein family that in humans is encoded by the CARD10 gene.
AP-1 complex-associated regulatory protein (Gamma1-adaptin brefeldin A resistance protein) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AP1AR gene.
Uncharacterized protein KIAA1109 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIAA1109 gene. This protein has a function that is not yet understood. KIAA1109 has 3 aliases, FSA (fragile site-associated) protein, MGC110967 and DKFZp781P0474.
The protein localizes to cytoplasmic bodies. The protein has also been localized to the nucleus, where it interacts with the activation domain of the HIV-1 Tat protein. The Tat protein activates transcription of HIV-1 genes.
Tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 protein also known as TNF-stimulated gene 6 protein or TSG-6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFAIP6 (tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 6) gene.
This gene encodes a protein with similarity to a rat protein that has an inhibitory effect on protein phosphatase-1 (PP1). The rat protein localizes to the nucleus and colocalizes with chromatin at distinct phases during mitosis.
This ubiquitin protein ligase recognizes which protein needs to be tagged and catalyzes the transfer of ubiquitin to that protein. This pathway repeats itself until the target protein has a full chain of ubiquitin attached to itself.
NONO protein was first discovered in 1993 by researchers at Cold Springs Harbor Laboratory. Due to the protein being originally identified as a RNA-binding protein it was named p54nrb for Nuclear RNA-binding protein, 54 kDa.
This method has greater protein-to-protein variability than the BCA Assay.
Protein enclosing bacterial organelles carboxysome is also made up of pentameric protein.
Proteolipid protein 1 has been shown to interact with Myelin basic protein.
Fukutin-related protein (FKRP) is a protein associated with congenital muscular dystrophy.
Agouti-related protein and Agouti-signaling protein are antagonist peptides to MC2R.
In molecular biology, YccV protein domain is also, alternatively named, Heat shock protein HspQ. This entry describes the small protein from Escherichia coli YccV and its homologs in other Proteobacteria. YccV is now described as a hemimethylated DNA binding protein. The model entry describes a protein domain in longer eukaryotic proteins.
This protein for this gene is also known as coiled coil domain containing 144A (CCDC144A) protein. It consists of 641 amino acids. This protein weighs 75.8 kDa and has an isoelecric point of 6.357. This protein localizes near the nucleus, and is a soluble protein with a hydrophobicity of -1.021842.
Zinc finger protein 655 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF655 gene. This gene encodes a zinc finger protein. The zinc finger proteins are involved in DNA binding and proteinprotein interactions. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene.
The protein C8orf48 is 319 amino acids in length. The molecular weight of this protein is 36.9 kDa and the isoelectric point is 8.86. The C8orf48 protein is predicted to be a nuclear protein particularly located in the nuclear lamina. This protein does not possess any signal peptides or transmembrane domains.
Protein-protein interactions play a major role in cellular growth and development. Modular domains, which are the subunits of a protein, moderate these protein interactions by identifying short peptide sequences. These peptide sequences determine the binding partners of each protein. One of the more prominent domains is the SH2 domain.
Individual water molecules can sometimes have a crucial structural role in the core of proteins, and in proteinprotein or protein–ligand interactions. Failing to model such waters can result in mispredictions of the optimal sequence of a proteinprotein interface. As an alternative, water molecules can be added to rotamers.
SEC24 family, member A (S. cerevisiae) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEC24A gene. The protein belongs to a protein family that are homologous to yeast Sec24. It is a component of coat protein II (COPII)-coated vesicles that mediate protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Pinoresinol biosynthesis involved a protein called a dirigent protein. The first dirigent protein was discovered in Forsythia intermedia. This protein has been found to direct the stereoselective biosynthesis of (+)-pinoresinol from coniferyl alcohol monomers. Recently, a second, enantiocomplementary dirigent protein was identified in Arabidopsis thaliana, which directs enantioselective synthesis of (−)-pinoresinol.
Similar to a western blot, the far-western blot uses proteinprotein interactions to detect the presence of a specific protein immobilized on a blotting matrix. Antibodies are then used to detect the presence of the proteinprotein complex, making the Far- Western blot a specific case of the Western blot.
Beta-catenin-like protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTNNBL1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene contains an acidic domain, a putative bipartite nuclear localization signal, a nuclear export signal, a leucine-isoleucine zipper, and phosphorylation motifs. In addition, the encoded protein contains Armadillo/beta-catenin-like repeats, which have been implicated in protein-protein interactions. Although the function of this protein has not been determined, the C-terminal portion of the protein has been shown to possess apoptosis-inducing activity.
The Bradford assay depends on the sequence of the protein. Thus, if the protein does not contain an ideal number of aromatic residues, then the dye will not be able to bind to the protein efficiently. Another disadvantage of the Bradford Protein Assay is that this method depends on comparing the absorbance of the protein to that of a standard protein. If the protein does not react to the dye in a similar way as the standard protein, it is possible that the concentration measured will be inaccurate.
Using a Beckman-Spinco Protein-Peptide Sequencer, 1970 Protein sequencing is the practical process of determining the amino acid sequence of all or part of a protein or peptide. This may serve to identify the protein or characterize its post-translational modifications. Typically, partial sequencing of a protein provides sufficient information (one or more sequence tags) to identify it with reference to databases of protein sequences derived from the conceptual translation of genes. The two major direct methods of protein sequencing are mass spectrometry and Edman degradation using a protein sequenator (sequencer).
The protein encoded by this gene is a cytoplasmic kinase that is structurally similar to the yeast Ste20p (sterile 20 protein) kinase, which acts upstream of the stress-induced mitogen- activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. The encoded protein can phosphorylate myelin basic protein and undergoes autophosphorylation. A caspase-cleaved fragment of the encoded protein has been shown to be capable of phosphorylating histone H2B. The particular phosphorylation catalyzed by this protein has been correlated with apoptosis, and it's possible that this protein induces the chromatin condensation observed in this process.
Location of the MT-CYB gene in the human mitochondrial genome (coral box). Cytochrome b is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MT-CYB gene. Its gene product is a subunit of the respiratory chain protein Ubiquinol Cytochrome c Reductase (UQCR, Complex III or Cytochrome bc1 complex), which consists of the products of one mitochondrially encoded gene, MT-CYB (mitochondrial cytochrome b) and ten nuclear genes: UQCRC1, UQCRC2, Cytochrome c1, UQCRFS1 (Rieske protein), UQCRB, "11kDa protein", UQCRH (cyt c1 Hinge protein), Rieske Protein presequence, "cyt. c1 associated protein", and Rieske-associated protein.
The protein encoded by this gene shares strong similarity with Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein Cdc27, and the gene product of Schizosaccharomyces pombe nuc 2. This protein is a component of anaphase-promoting complex (APC), which is composed of eight protein subunits and highly conserved in eucaryotic cells. APC catalyzes the formation of cyclin B-ubiquitin conjugate that is responsible for the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of B-type cyclins. This protein and 3 other members of the APC complex contain the TPR (tetratricopeptide repeat), a protein domain important for protein-protein interaction.
DNA/RNA-binding protein KIN17 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIN gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear protein that forms intranuclear foci during proliferation and is redistributed in the nucleoplasm during the cell cycle. Short-wave ultraviolet light provokes the relocalization of the protein, suggesting its participation in the cellular response to DNA damage. Originally selected based on protein-binding with RecA antibodies, the mouse protein presents a limited similarity with a functional domain of the bacterial RecA protein, a characteristic shared by this human ortholog.
The CDC23 protein shares strong similarity with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc23, a protein essential for cell cycle progression through the G2/M transition. This protein is a component of anaphase-promoting complex (APC), which is composed of eight protein subunits and highly conserved in eukaryotic cells. APC catalyzes the formation of cyclin B-ubiquitin conjugate that is responsible for the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of B-type cyclins. This protein and 3 other members of the APC complex contain the TPR (tetratricopeptide repeat), a protein domain important for protein-protein interaction.
Protein Power, 1996 Protein Power is a high-protein low-carbohydrate fad diet developed by physician Michael R. Eades and his wife Mary Dan Eades.
Iroquois-class homeodomain protein IRX-6, also known as Iroquois homeobox protein 6, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRX6 gene.
Iroquois-class homeodomain protein IRX-2, also known as Iroquois homeobox protein 2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRX2 gene.
Iroquois-class homeodomain protein IRX-4, also known as Iroquois homeobox protein 4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRX4 gene.
Iroquois-class homeodomain protein IRX-5, also known as Iroquois homeobox protein 5, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRX5 gene.
Iroquois-class homeodomain protein IRX-3, also known as Iroquois homeobox protein 3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRX3 gene.
Ras-related protein Rab-5C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB5C gene. RAB5C belongs to the Ras-related protein family.
Thioredoxin-related transmembrane protein 4 also known as thioredoxin domain- containing protein 13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMX4 gene.
Zinc finger BED domain-containing protein 3 also known as axin-interacting protein is a protein in humans that is encoded by the ZBED3 gene.
Ras-related protein Rap-1b, also known as GTP-binding protein smg p21B, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAP1B gene.
Proliferation-associated protein 2G4 (PA2G4) also known as ErbB3-binding protein 1 (EBP1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PA2G4 gene.
Azurocidin also known as cationic antimicrobial protein CAP37 or heparin- binding protein (HBP) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AZU1 gene.
DNA-binding protein Ikaros also known as Ikaros family zinc finger protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IKZF1 gene.
Rab11 family-interacting protein 1 (Rab11-FIP1) also known as Rab-coupling protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB11FIP1 gene.
Zinc finger protein Aiolos also known as Ikaros family zinc finger protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IKZF3 gene.
Glutamate-rich protein 3, also known as Uncharacterized Protein C1orf173 or Chromosome 1 Open Reading Frame 173, is a protein encoded by the ERICH3 gene.
Serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK3, also known as protein kinase lysine- deficient 3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WNK3 gene.
This can affect the non-covalent interactions that hold the protein together correctly, which can cause protein destabilization, and may cause the protein to unfold.
Protein C is a major physiological anticoagulant. It is a vitamin K-dependent serine protease enzyme that is activated by thrombin into activated protein C (APC). Protein C is activated in a sequence that starts with Protein C and thrombin binding to a cell surface protein thrombomodulin. Thrombomodulin binds these proteins in such a way that it activates Protein C. The activated form, along with protein S and a phospholipid as cofactors, degrades FVa and FVIIIa.
This gene encodes a glycosylated transmembrane protein that is cleaved to form a mature, secreted protein. The N-terminus of the precursor protein shares characteristics with other surfactant proteins and is sometimes called chondrosurfactant protein, although no biological activity has yet been defined for it. The C-terminus of the precursor protein contains a 25 kDa mature protein called leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-1 or chondromodulin-1. The mature protein promotes chondrocyte growth and inhibits angiogenesis.
Amyloid protein-binding protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APPBP2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene interacts with microtubules and is functionally associated with beta-amyloid precursor protein transport and/or processing. The beta-amyloid precursor protein is a cell surface protein with signal-transducing properties, and it is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. This gene has been found to be highly expressed in breast cancer.
The third component of the proteostasis network is the protein degradation machinery. Protein degradation occurs in proteostasis when the cellular signals indicate the need to decrease overall cellular protein levels. The effects of protein degradation can be local, with the cell only experiencing effects from the loss of the degraded protein itself or widespread, with the entire protein landscape changing due to loss of other proteins’ interactions with the degraded protein. Multiple substrates are targets for proteostatic degradation.
Ribosomal protein S27a is a component of the 40S subunit of the ribosome and belongs to the S27AE family of ribosomal proteins. It contains C4-type zinc finger domains and is located in the cytoplasm. Pseudogenes derived from this gene are present in the genome. As with ribosomal protein S27a, ribosomal protein L40 is also synthesized as a fusion protein with ubiquitin; similarly, ribosomal protein S30 is synthesized as a fusion protein with the ubiquitin-like protein fubi.
This gene encodes a component protein of the APC complex, which is composed of eight proteins and functions as a protein ubiquitin ligase. The APC complex is a cyclin degradation system that governs exit from mitosis. Each component protein of the APC complex is highly conserved among eukaryotic organisms. This protein and two other APC complex proteins, CDC23 and CDC27, contain a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR), a protein domain that may be involved in protein-protein interaction.
In molecular biology, the Cofactor transferase family is a family of protein domains that includes biotin protein ligases, lipoate-protein ligases A, octanoyl-(acyl carrier protein):protein N-octanoyltransferases, and lipoyl- protein:protein N-lipoyltransferases. The metabolism of the cofactors Biotin and lipoic acid share this family. They also share the target modification domain (), and the sulfur insertion enzyme (). Biotin protein ligase (BPL) is the enzyme responsible for attaching biotin to a specific lysine at the biotin carboxyl carrier protein.
Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member G (MRGG) also known as G-protein coupled receptor 169 (GPR169) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRGPRG gene. MRGG is an orphan G-protein coupled receptor.
The word dimer has roots meaning "two parts", di- + -mer. A protein dimer is a type of protein quaternary structure. A protein homodimer is formed by two identical proteins. A protein heterodimer is formed by two different proteins.
S100 calcium-binding protein G (S100G) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the S100G gene. This gene encodes calbindin D9K, a vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein. This cytosolic protein belongs to a family of calcium-binding proteins that includes calmodulin, parvalbumin, troponin C, and S100 protein. In the intestine, the protein is vitamin D-dependent and its expression correlates with calcium transport activity.
Yerbury is researching potential effective treatments for MND. His research interests include: protein misfolding, aggregation and neurodegenerative disease, protein aggregation and neuro-inflammation and the Propagation of protein misfolding, and protein homeostasis and Motor Neurone Disease. This video shows Yerbury demonstrating the role of protein folding in the progress of MND. His team studies single molecules of protein, grow cells and are carrying out some drug trials.
Apoptosis-stimulating of p53 protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPP1R13B gene. This gene encodes a member of the ASPP (apoptosis- stimulating protein of p53) family of p53 interacting proteins. The protein contains four ankyrin repeats and an SH3 domain involved in protein-protein interactions. ASPP proteins are required for the induction of apoptosis by p53-family proteins.
Proteinprotein interactions are involved in most biotic processes. Many of the hardest-to-treat diseases, such as Alzheimer's, many forms of cancer (e.g., TP53), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection involve proteinprotein interactions. Thus, to treat such diseases, it is desirable to design protein or protein- like therapeutics that bind one of the partners of the interaction and, thus, disrupt the disease-causing interaction.
The generation of a protein sequence is much easier than the determination of a protein structure. However, the structure of a protein gives much more insight in the function of the protein than its sequence. Therefore, a number of methods for the computational prediction of protein structure from its sequence have been developed. Ab initio prediction methods use just the sequence of the protein.
A dodecameric protein has a quaternary structure consisting of 12 protein subunits in a complex. Dodecameric complexes can have a number of subunit 'topologies', but typically only a few of the theoretically possible subunit arrangements are observed in protein structures. A dodecamer (protein) is a protein complex with 12 protein subunits. A common subunit arrangement involves a tetrahedral distribution of subunit trimers (or 3-4-point symmetry).
Endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) also known as activated protein C receptor (APC receptor) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PROCR gene. PROCR has also recently been designated CD201 (cluster of differentiation 201). The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for protein C that enhances its activation. Protein C is an anti-coagulant serine protease activated by the blood coagulation pathway.
Rice protein is a vegan protein isolate that is an alternative to the more common whey and soy protein isolates. Brown rice can be treated with enzymes that will cause carbohydrates to separate from proteins. The resulting protein powder is then sometimes flavored or added to smoothies or health shakes. Rice protein powder has a more distinctive taste than most other forms of protein powder.
Myotubularin-related protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MTMR3 gene. This gene encodes a member of the myotubularin dual specificity protein phosphatase gene family. The encoded protein is structurally similar to myotubularin but in addition contains a FYVE domain and an N-terminal PH- GRAM domain. The protein can self-associate and also form heteromers with another myotubularin related protein.
The viral genome encodes viral structural protein. Virions consist of 1 viral structural protein (major species), or 2 Viral structural proteins (detected in Norwalk virus, amyelosis chronic stunt virus and porcine enteric calicivirus located in the capsid. Viral structural protein: Capsid protein has a molar mass of 58000–60000 Da; is the coat protein. Capsid protein has a molecular mass of minor 'soluble' 28–30 kDa.
In enzymology, an oleoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydrolase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :oleoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + H2O \rightleftharpoons [acyl-carrier-protein] + oleate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are oleoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] and H2O, whereas its two products are acyl-carrier-protein and oleate. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on thioester bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is oleoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydrolase. Other names in common use include acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydrolase, acyl-ACP-hydrolase, acyl-acyl carrier protein hydrolase, oleoyl-ACP thioesterase, and oleoyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase.
Ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase, Rieske iron-sulfur polypeptide 1, also known as UQCRFS1, Rieske iron-sulfur (Fe-S) protein, Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 5, or Complex III subunit 5 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the UQCRFS1 gene. UQCRFS1 is a subunit of the respiratory chain protein Ubiquinol Cytochrome c Reductase (UQCR, Complex III or Cytochrome bc1 complex), which consists of the products of one mitochondrially encoded gene, MTCYTB (mitochondrial cytochrome b) and ten nuclear genes UQCRC1, UQCRC2, Cytochrome C1, UQCRFS1 (this protein, a type of Rieske protein), UQCRB, ("11kDa protein"), UQCRH (cyt c1 Hinge protein), UCRC ("cyt. c1 associated protein"), and ("Rieske-associated protein").
Chloride channel accessory 4, also known as CLCA4, is a protein which in humans CLCA4 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a chloride channel. Protein structure prediction methods suggest the N-terminal region of CLCA4 protein is a zinc metalloprotease, and the protein is not an ion channel per se.
HIV-2 contains both a Vpr protein and a related (by sequence homology) Vpx protein (Viral Protein X). Two functions of Vpr in HIV-1 are split between Vpr and Vpx in HIV-2, with the HIV-2 Vpr protein inducing cell cycle arrest and the Vpx protein required for nuclear import.
So, the BV of a protein is related to the amount of protein given. BV is measured at levels below the maintenance level. This means that as protein intake goes up, the BV of that protein goes down. For example, milk protein shows a BV near 100 at intakes of 0.2 g/kg.
Zinc finger protein with KRAB and SCAN domains 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZKSCAN5 gene. This gene encodes a zinc finger protein of the Krüppel family. The protein contains a SCAN box and a KRAB A domain. A similar protein in mouse is differentially expressed in spermatogenesis.
Three of the principal members of the pentraxin family are serum proteins: namely, C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid P component protein (SAP), and female protein (FP). PTX3 (or TSG-14) protein is a cytokine-induced protein that is homologous to CRPs and SAPs, but its function has not yet been determined.
HuD otherwise known as ELAV-like protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ELAVL4 gene. The HuD/ELAVL4 protein is an RNA-binding protein. HuD contains three RRM protein domains, enabling RNA binding. HuD is expressed only in neurons and it binds to AU-rich element-containing mRNAs.
The protein encoded by this gene is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein. It binds directly, with several other proteins, to retinoblastoma protein which regulates cell proliferation. It was formerly known as Retinoblastoma Binding Protein 2 (RBP2). This protein also interacts with rhombotin-2 which functions distinctly in erythropoiesis and in T-cell leukemogenesis.
Fox-1 homolog A, also known as ataxin 2-binding protein 1 (A2BP1) or hexaribonucleotide-binding protein 1 (HRNBP1) or RNA binding protein, fox-1 homolog (Rbfox1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RBFOX1 gene.
This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) family of protein kinases. The protein contains ankyrin repeat, protein kinase and serine-rich domains and is thought to play a role in cardiac physiology.
Amyloid beta A4 precursor protein-binding family B member 1-interacting protein (APBB1IP), also known as APBB1-interacting protein 1 or Rap1-GTP- interacting adapter molecule (RIAM) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APBB1IP gene.
Swiss Model predicts two potential protein structures, as seen in the images. The first structure predicts the protein forms a protein dimer, the second as a monomer. Rual et al. found that Fam158a interacts with a protein called TTC35.
Vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B/C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VAPB gene. The VAPB gene is found on the 20th human chromosome. Together with VAPA, it forms the VAP protein family.
Zinc finger protein 57 homolog (ZFP57), also known as zinc finger protein 698 (ZNF698), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZFP57 gene.
Elongator complex protein 5 (ELP5) also known as dermal papilla-derived protein 6 (DERP6) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ELP5 gene.
Sushi repeat-containing protein SRPX is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SRPX gene. Bioinformatics analysis suggests the SRPX protein is a peroxiredoxin.
Intraflagellar transport protein 80 homolog (IFT80), also known as WD repeat- containing protein 56, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFT80 gene.
Metadherin, also known as protein LYRIC or astrocyte elevated gene-1 protein (AEG-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MTDH gene.
Absence of the Kell protein (K0), however, does not affect the XK protein. The Kell protein has also recently been designated CD238 (cluster of differentiation 238).
Heat shock protein beta-3 (HspB3) also known as heat shock 27kDa protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HSPB3 gene.
The protein encoded by UQCRQ has protein-protein interactions with UQCRC1, OPTN, ERCC8, GRINL1A, Dctn1, K8.1, XRCC3, PML, RAB7A, HNRNPA1L2, CDC73, NLRP3, HAUS2, TMEM248, and GOLT1B.
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein also known as 5-lipoxygenase activating protein, or FLAP, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ALOX5AP gene.
Nuclear receptor-interacting protein 1 (NRIP1) also known as receptor- interacting protein 140 (RIP140) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NRIP1 gene.
TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43, transactive response DNA binding protein 43 kDa), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TARDBP gene.
Protein digestibility refers to how well a given protein is digested. Along with the amino acid score, protein digestibility determines the values for PDCAAS and DIAAS.
The detection method can also be used to determine the molar concentration of analytes. Protein activity determination by NMR multi-nuclear relaxation measurements, or 2D-FT NMR spectroscopy in solutions, combined with nonlinear regression analysis of NMR relaxation or 2D-FT spectroscopy data sets. Whereas the concept of water activity is widely known and utilized in the applied biosciences, its complement—the protein activity which quantitates proteinprotein interactions—is much less familiar to bioscientists as it is more difficult to determine in dilute solutions of proteins; protein activity is also much harder to determine for concentrated protein solutions when protein aggregation, not merely transient protein association, is often the dominant process. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), is considered as the most quantitative technique available for measuring the thermodynamic properties of proteinprotein interactions and is becoming a necessary tool for proteinprotein complex structural studies.
The PER1 gene encodes the period circadian protein homolog 1 protein in humans.
Peripheral myelin protein 22 has been shown to interact with myelin protein zero.
TRAPP (TRAnsport Protein Particle) is a protein involved in particle transport between organelles.
This protein interacts with phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate, and is involved in protein trafficking.
The protein has two transmembrane domains. It associates with FK506 binding protein 11.
LDL-receptor-related protein-associated protein has been shown to interact with LRP2.
VPS35L is a gene encoding the VPS35 Endosomal Protein Sorting Factor Like protein.
WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 (WIPI-1), also known as Atg18 protein homolog (ATG18) and WD40 repeat protein interacting with phosphoinositides of 49 kDa (WIPI 49 kDa), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WIPI1 gene.
Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) also known as MLX- interacting protein-like (MLXIPL) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MLXIPL gene. The protein name derives from the protein's interaction with carbohydrate response element sequences of DNA.
The fish are typically fed a pelleted food consisting of 40–50% protein and 15% fat. The fish food is usually made from fish oil, animal protein, plant protein and vitamins and minerals. The protein is often sourced from soy beans.
Nephrocystin-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NPHP4 gene. This gene encodes a protein which contains a proline-rich region. The encoded protein may function in renal tubular development and function. This protein interacts with nephrocystin.
A computer program (PROXIMO) has also been written to help model protein complexes using data from the RP-MS/Protein footprinting approach. RP-MS/Protein footprinting studies of protein complexes can also employ computational approaches to assist with this modeling.
The presence of the Leucine-Rich Repeat motif provides structural framework for protein-protein interactions. HES4 is the only identified protein that interacts with LRRIQ1. HES4, is a transcription factor found in humans. The protein binds DNA on N-box motifs.
KIAA0895 is a protein that in Homo sapiens is encoded by the KIAA0895 gene. The gene encodes a protein commonly known as the KIAA0895 protein. It's aliases include hypothetical protein LOC23366, OTTHUMP00000206979, OTTHUMP00000206980, 9530077C05Rik, and 1110003N12Rik. It is located at 7p14.2.
Protein interactions: To screen for proteinprotein interactions and protein interactions with other molecules such as metabolites, lipids, DNA and small molecules.;He, M. and M. W. Wang (2007). "Arraying proteins by cell-free synthesis." Biomol Eng 24(4): 375–80.
Protein fibers originate from animal sources and are made up of protein molecules. The basic elements in these protein molecules being carbon, hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen. Natural protein fibers include: wool, silk, angora, camel, alpaca, llama, vicuna, cashmere, and mohair.
Melanocyte protein PMEL also known as premelanosome protein (PMEL) or silver locus protein homolog (SILV) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PMEL gene. Its gene product may be referred to as PMEL, silver, ME20, gp100 or Pmel17.
Neuropeptides B/W receptor 2, also known as NPBW2, is a human protein encoded by the NPBWR2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein and G protein-coupled receptor. The encoded protein is similar in sequence to another G protein-coupled receptor (GPR7), and it is structurally similar to opioid and somatostatin receptors. This protein binds neuropeptides B and W. This gene is intronless and is expressed primarily in the frontal cortex of the brain.
Protein complex formation using BiFC. Interaction between protein A and protein B occurs first, followed by the re-formation and fluorescence of fluorescent reporter protein Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (also known as BiFC) is a technology typically used to validate protein interactions. It is based on the association of fluorescent protein fragments that are attached to components of the same macromolecular complex. Proteins that are postulated to interact are fused to unfolded complementary fragments of a fluorescent reporter protein and expressed in live cells.
Kalirin, also known as Huntingtin-associated protein-interacting protein (HAPIP), protein duo (DUO), or serine/threonine-protein kinase with Dbl- and pleckstrin homology domain, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KALRN gene. Kalirin was first identified in 1997 as a protein interacting with huntingtin-associated protein 1. Is also known to play an important role in nerve growth and axonal development. Kalirin is a member of the Dbl family of proteins and is a Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the formin-binding-protein family. The protein contains an N-terminal Fer/Cdc42-interacting protein 4 (CIP4) homology (FCH) domain followed by a coiled-coil domain, a proline-rich motif, a second coiled-coil domain, a Rho family protein-binding domain (RBD), and a C-terminal SH3 domain. This protein binds sorting nexin 2 (SNX2), tankyrase (TNKS), and dynamin; an interaction between this protein and formin has not been demonstrated yet in human.
A transport protein (variously referred to as a transmembrane pump, transporter, escort protein, acid transport protein, cation transport protein, or anion transport protein) is a protein that serves the function of moving other materials within an organism. Transport proteins are vital to the growth and life of all living things. There are several different kinds of transport proteins. Carrier proteins are proteins involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, or macromolecules, such as another protein, across a biological membrane.
PDZ and LIM domain protein 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDLIM7 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is representative of a family of proteins composed of conserved PDZ and LIM domains. LIM domains are proposed to function in proteinprotein recognition in a variety of contexts including gene transcription and development and in cytoskeletal interaction. The LIM domains of this protein bind to protein kinases, whereas the PDZ domain binds to actin filaments.
Uteroglobin, also known as secretoglobin family 1A member 1 (SCGB1A1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCGB1A1 gene. SCGB1A1 is the founding member of the secretoglobin family of small, secreted, disulfide-bridged dimeric proteins found only in mammals. This antiparallel disulfide linked homodimeric protein is multifunctional and found in various tissues in various names such as: uteroglobin (UG, UGB), uteroglobin-like antigen (UGL), blastokinin, club-cell secretory protein (CCSP), Clara-cell 16 kD protein (17 in rat/mice), club-cell-specific 10 kD protein (CC10), human protein 1, urine protein 1 (UP-1), polychlorinated biphenyl-binding protein (PCB-BP), human club cell phospholipid-binding protein (hCCPBP), secretoglobin 1A member 1 (SCGB1A1). This protein is specifically expressed in club cells in the lungs.
In enzymology, a long-chain-fatty-acid-[acyl-carrier-protein] ligase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :ATP + an acid + [acyl-carrier- protein] \rightleftharpoons AMP + diphosphate + acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, acid, and acyl-carrier-protein, whereas its 3 products are AMP, diphosphate, and acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]. This enzyme belongs to the family of ligases, specifically those forming carbon-sulfur bonds as acid-thiol ligases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is long-chain-fatty-acid:[acyl-carrier-protein] ligase (AMP-forming). Other names in common use include acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthetase, acyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthetase, acyl-ACP synthetase, acyl-[acyl- carrier-protein]synthetase, stearoyl-ACP synthetase, and acyl-acyl carrier protein synthetase.
This approach has a lower rate of reproducibility and tends to yield higher amounts of false positives compared to the matrix approach. Plasmids are engineered to produce a protein product in which the DNA-binding domain (BD) fragment is fused onto a protein while another plasmid is engineered to produce a protein product in which the activation domain (AD) fragment is fused onto another protein. The protein fused to the BD may be referred to as the bait protein, and is typically a known protein the investigator is using to identify new binding partners. The protein fused to the AD may be referred to as the prey protein and can be either a single known protein or a library of known or unknown proteins.
Surfactant protein A1 (SP-A1), also known as Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A1 (PSP-A) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SFTPA1 gene.
Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 80 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCDC80 gene. Bioinformatics analysis suggests the CCDC80 protein is a peroxiredoxin.
SUN domain-containing protein 5, formerly known as sperm-associated antigen 4-like protein (SPAGL4), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SUN5 gene.
LysM and putative peptidoglycan-binding domain-containing protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LYSMD3 gene. This protein contains a LysM domain.
Zinc finger protein 74 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF74 gene. Schizophrenia susceptibility has been associated with a mutation in this protein.
Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 44 (ERp44) also known as thioredoxin domain-containing protein 4 (TXNDC4) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ERP44 gene.
Regulator of G protein signaling 4 also known as RGP4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RGS4 gene. RGP4 regulates G protein signaling.
Formin-like protein 3 (FMNL3), also known as WW domain-binding protein 3 (WBP-3), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FMNL3 gene.
Transmembrane protein 33 is a protein that in humans, is encoded by the TMEM33 gene, also known as SHINC3. Another name for the TMEM33 protein is DB83.
Bone morphogenetic protein 7 or BMP7 (also known as osteogenic protein-1 or OP-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP7 gene.
Growth factor receptor-bound protein 10 also known as insulin receptor-binding protein Grb-IR is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRB10 gene.
Surfactant protein A2 (SP-A2), also known as Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A2 (PSP-A2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SFTPA2 gene.
Paired box protein Pax-6, also known as aniridia type II protein (AN2) or oculorhombin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PAX6 gene.
Tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRADD gene. TRADD is an adaptor protein.
Tumor suppressor p53-binding protein 1 also known as p53-binding protein 1 or 53BP1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TP53BP1 gene.
SH2 domain-containing protein 3A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SH2D3A gene. The protein may be useful in Western Blots and ELISAs.
DCA has been used in the inference of protein residue contacts, RNA structure prediction, the inference of protein-protein interaction networks and the modeling of fitness landscapes.
Alternative protein bars may use insect protein as an ingredient. Vegan protein bars contain only plant-based proteins from sources like peas, brown rice, hemp, and soybeans.
Ras-related protein Rap-2a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAP2A gene. RAP2A is a member of the Ras-related protein family.
High-mobility group protein B2 also known as high-mobility group protein 2 (HMG-2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HMGB2 gene.
Ribosome biogenesis protein BRX1 homolog (BRIX1) also known as brix domain- containing protein 2 (BXDC2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BRIX1 gene.
ORC6 has been shown to interact with MCM5, ORC2, Replication protein A1, ORC4, DBF4, ORC3, CDC45-related protein, MCM4 and Cell division cycle 7-related protein kinase.
Protein kinase C-binding protein NELL2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NELL2 gene. This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein that contains epidermal growth factor (EGF) -like repeats. The encoded heterotrimeric protein may be involved in cell growth regulation and differentiation. A similar protein in rodents is involved in craniosynostosis.
The protein encoded by this gene is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein and belongs to a highly conserved subfamily of WD- repeat proteins. It is found among several proteins that bind directly to retinoblastoma protein, which regulates cell proliferation. The encoded protein interacts preferentially with the underphosphorylated retinoblastoma protein via the E1A-binding pocket B.
The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger, a motif present in a variety of functionally distinct proteins and known to be involved in protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. The specific function of this protein has not yet been determined. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding two distinct isoforms have been reported.
BAI1-associated protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BAIAP3 gene. BAIAP3 was identified as a protein-binding partner of BAI1. BAI1 is a p53-target gene that encodes a brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor. The protein is a seven-span transmembrane protein and a member of the secretin receptor family.
Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RIPK4 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a serine/threonine protein kinase that interacts with protein kinase C-delta. The encoded protein can also activate NFkappaB and is required for keratinocyte differentiation. This kinase undergoes autophosphorylation.
Several predicted interacting proteins and functional sites on the protein have been identified. One of the predicted interacting protein is MAP2K1IP1, which is a scaffold protein. This protein is known to be involved in the MAP Kinase pathway. The MAP Kinase pathway is associated with the Alzheimer's pathway through a protein called Tau or MAPT.
Protein C may be up-regulated by platelet factor 4. This cytokine is conjectured to improve activation of protein C by forming an electrostatic bridge from protein C's Gla domain to the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) domain of thrombomodulin, reducing the Michaelis constant (KM) for their reaction. In addition, Protein C is inhibited by protein C inhibitor.
The protein encoded by this gene is an RNA binding protein and possible splicing factor. The encoded protein is found in the nucleus, where it colocalizes with core spliceosomal proteins. Studies of a mouse protein with high sequence similarity to this protein suggest that this protein may act as a transcriptional coactivator for JUN/AP-1 and estrogen receptors. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been observed for this gene.
Tripartite motif-containing protein 55 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRIM55 gene. The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING zinc finger, a motif known to be involved in protein-protein interactions. This protein associates transiently with microtubules, myosin, and titin during muscle sarcomere assembly. It may act as a transient adaptor and plays a regulatory role in the assembly of sarcomeres.
SEC23-interacting protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEC23IP gene. COPII-coated vesicles are involved in protein transport from the Endoplasmic Reticulum to the Golgi Apparatus. The protein encoded by this gene was identified by its interaction with a mouse protein similar to yeast Sec23p, an essential component of the COPII. This protein shares significant similarity with phospholipid-modifying proteins, especially phosphatidic acid preferring-phospholipase A1.
WAS/WASL-interacting protein family member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WIPF2 gene. This gene encodes a WASP interacting protein (WIP)-related protein. It has been shown that this protein has a role in the WASP-mediated organization of the actin cytoskeleton and that this protein is a potential link between the activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor and the actin polymerization machinery.
Targeting protein-protein interaction with small molecule is known to be extremely difficult due to the fact that binding regions consist of wide, shallow surfaces.Nature. 2007 Dec 13;450(7172):1001-9. There are few protein-protein interaction inhibitors with specific and non-toxic effect in various cancer types. The first and best characterized protein-protein interaction inhibitor in cancer therapy is Nutlin.Science. 2004 Feb 6;303(5659):844-8.
RING finger protein 32 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RNF32 gene. The protein encoded by this gene contains two RING ring finger motifs. RING finger motifs are present in a variety of functionally distinct proteins and are known to be involved in protein-DNA or protein-protein interactions. This gene was found to be expressed during spermatogenesis, most likely in spermatocytes and/or in spermatids.
RAP1 GTPase activating protein 2 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the RAP1GAP2 gene. This gene encodes a GTPase-activating protein that activates the small guanine-nucleotide-binding protein Rap1 in platelets. The protein interacts with synaptotagmin-like protein 1 and Rab27 and regulates secretion of dense granules from platelets at sites of endothelial damage. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
If a protein can form a stable well-folded structure on its own (without any other associated protein) in vivo, then the complexes formed by such proteins are termed "non-obligate protein complexes". However, some proteins can't be found to create a stable well-folded structure alone, but can be found as a part of a protein complex which stabilizes the constituent proteins. Such protein complexes are called "obligate protein complexes".
The PDBbind database is updated on an annual basis to keep up with the growth of the Protein Data Bank. The current release, i.e. version 2014, is based on the contents of Protein Data Bank released on Jan 1st, 2014. This release provides two basic types of information: # Basic information of ~13000 complex structures formed between protein-small molecule ligand, protein-protein, protein-nucleic acid and nucleic acid-small molecule ligand.
The morpheein model of allostery exemplified by PBGS adds an additional layer of understanding to potential mechanisms for regulation of protein function and complements the increased focus that the protein science community is placing on protein structure dynamics. This model illustrates how the dynamics of phenomena such as alternate protein conformations, alternate oligomeric states, and transient protein-protein interactions can be harnessed for allosteric regulation of catalytic activity.
Phosducin-like protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDCL gene. Phosducin-like protein is a putative modulator of heterotrimeric G proteins. The protein shares extensive amino acid sequence homology with phosducin, a phosphoprotein expressed in the retina and pineal gland. Both phosducin-like protein and phosphoducin have been shown to regulate G-protein signaling by binding to the beta-gamma subunits of G proteins.
This protein interacts with the cytoplasmic domains of the precursor but not the processed forms of a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain 9 and 15. This protein binds the beta-appendage domain of adaptor protein 2 and may function to assist adaptor protein 2 in its role at the plasma membrane. This protein interacts with activated Cdc42-associated kinase-2 to regulate the degradation of epidermal growth factor receptor protein.
Most PPI methods require some computational data analysis. The methods in this section are primarily computational although they typically require data generated by wet lab experiments. Proteinprotein docking, the prediction of proteinprotein interactions based only on the three-dimensional protein structures from X-ray diffraction of protein crystals might not be satisfactory. Network analysis includes the analysis of interaction networks using methods of graph theory or statistical methods.
In enzymology, a 3-hydroxyoctanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :(3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-[acyl- carrier-protein] \rightleftharpoons oct-2-enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + H2O Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, (3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-(acyl-carrier- protein), and two products, oct-2-enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] and H2O. This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the hydro-lyases, which cleave carbon-oxygen bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is (3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydro-lyase (oct-2-enoyl-[acyl- carrier protein]-forming). Other names in common use include D-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-[acyl carrier protein] dehydratase, D-3-hydroxyoctanoyl- acyl carrier protein dehydratase, beta-hydroxyoctanoyl-acyl carrier protein dehydrase, beta-hydroxyoctanoyl thioester dehydratase, beta-hydroxyoctanoyl- ACP-dehydrase, and (3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydro-lyase.
Protein POF1B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POF1B gene.
NIP30 protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM192A gene.
RPA3 has been shown to interact with replication protein A1 and replication protein A2.
Homo sapiens E2F1 mRNA or E2F1 protein sequences from NCBI protein and nucleotide database.
The Protein Ontology (PRO) is another popular database released by the Protein Information Resource.
Protein SSX5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSX5 gene.
Protein LMBR1L is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LMBR1L gene.
Protein YIPF1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the YIPF1 gene.
Protein GPR107 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR107 gene.
Protein TSSC1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TSSC1 gene.
Protein CXorf40A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CXorf40A gene.
Protein VPRBP is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VPRBP gene.
Protein FAM3B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM3B gene.
Protein ELYS is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AHCTF1 gene.
In addition to co- complexes, NDUFAF3 has protein-protein interactions with NDUFAF4 and SNRPA.
GPR113 is a gene that encodes the Probable G-protein coupled receptor 113 protein.
Protein ENED is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM198B gene.
Protein FAM20B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM20B gene.
Protein FAM13A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM13A gene.
Protein FAM32A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM32A gene.
Protein FAM57B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM57B gene.
Protein FAM186B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM186B gene.
Protein YIPF5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the YIPF5 gene.
Protein ajuba is a protein that in humans is encoded by the JUB gene.
Protein ENL is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MLLT1 gene.
Protein piccolo is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PCLO gene.
Protein SGT1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ECD gene.
Protein FAM76B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM76B gene.
Protein MRVI1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRVI1 gene.
Protein LBH is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LBH gene.
40S ribosomal protein S21 is a protein, encoded in humans by the RPS21 gene.
Protein SMG7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMG7 gene.
Protein CBFA2T2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CBFA2T2 gene.
Protein CLN8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLN8 gene.
Protein YIF1A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the YIF1A gene.
Protein FAM3C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM3C gene.
Major basic protein has been shown to interact with Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A.
Protein ZNF365 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF365 gene.
KIAA0999 protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SIK3 gene.
Protein LDOC1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LDOC1 gene.
Protein GPR89 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR89B gene.
Protein FAM156A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM156A gene.
Protein EVI2B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EVI2B gene.
Protein FAM50A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM50A gene.
Protein FAM122B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM122B gene.
Protein HEXIM2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HEXIM2 gene.
Protein FAM25 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM25BP gene.
The Human Protein Reference Database (HPRD) is a protein database accessible through the Internet.
The protein synthesized when a fusion gene is expressed is called a fusion protein.
Protein AMBP is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AMBP gene.
Protein SET is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SET gene.
Protein CBFA2T1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RUNX1T1 gene.
Protein Mdm4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MDM4 gene.
Tpr-Met fusion protein is an oncogene fusion protein consisting of TPR and MET.
Protein XRP2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RP2 gene.
Protein TFG is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TFG gene.
Protein ECT2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ECT2 gene.
A protein coat assembles and disassembles due to an ADP ribosylation factor (ARF) protein.
Protein HEXIM1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HEXIM1 gene.
Protein SSXT is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SS18 gene.
Protein Tob1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TOB1 gene.
Protein AATF is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AATF gene.
HMP19 protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HMP19 gene.
Protein BEX3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NGFRAP1 gene.
Protein CASC3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CASC3 gene.
Protein FAM107A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM107A gene.
Protein Dr1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DR1 gene.
Protein BTG1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BTG1 gene.
Gem-associated protein 6 has been shown to interact with gem-associated protein 7.
Protein FAM136A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM136A gene.
Protein THEMIS is a protein that in humans is encoded by the THEMIS gene.
Inhibition or activation of the protein by these domains is specific to each protein.
CED-9 encodes the apoptosis regulator CED-9 protein which is an important negative regulator protein in the apoptosis pathway of C. elegans. The protein consists of 280 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 31824.42 Da. The structure of this protein has been solved using X-ray diffraction revealing 9 Helices, 2 Beta strands, and 2 turn motifs. The CED-9 protein belongs to the Bcl-2-like protein family. This refers to the homology between the ced-9 protein and the B-cell lymphoma proteins (Bcl) found in humans, specifically the Bcl-2 protein.
Protein combining (or protein complementing) is a dietary theory for protein nutrition that purports to optimize the biological value of protein intake. According to the theory, vegetarian and vegan diets may provide an insufficient amount of some essential amino acids, making protein combining with multiple foods necessary to obtain a complete protein. The terms complete and incomplete are outdated in relation to plant protein. The position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics is that protein from a variety of plant foods eaten during the course of a day supplies enough of all essential amino acids when caloric requirements are met.
This gene is a homolog of the Drosophila polyhomeotic gene, which is a member of the Polycomb group of genes. The gene product is a component of a multimeric protein complex that contains EDR2 and the vertebrate Polycomb protein BMI1. The gene product, the EDR2 protein, and the Drosophila polyhomeotic protein share two highly conserved domains, named homology domains I and II. These domains are involved in proteinprotein interactions and may mediate heterodimerization of the protein encoded by this gene and the EDR2 protein. Mutations in this gene have been associated to cases of primary microcephaly.
The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger protein containing a KRAB domain. Studies in mouse suggest that this protein may function as a transcriptional repressor.
The Hsp90 protein contains three functional domains, the ATP- binding, protein-binding, and dimerizing domain, each of which playing a crucial role in the function of the protein.
DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein (DEPTOR) also known as DEP domain-containing protein 6 (DEPDC6) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DEPTOR gene.
Synaptonemal complex protein SC65, also known as Leprecan-like protein 4 (LEPREL4) or nucleolar autoantigen No55, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LEPREL4 gene.
Serine/threonine protein kinase MST4, also known as mammalian STE20-like protein kinase 4 (MST-4), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MST4 gene.
Radial spoke head protein 4 homolog A, also known as radial spoke head-like protein 3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RSPH4A gene.
Lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2 (SH2 domain containing leukocyte protein of 76kDa), also known as LCP2 or SLP-76, is a gene that encodes a signal- transducing adaptor protein.
Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-associated protein 1 also known as LRPAP1 or RAP is a chaperone protein which in humans is encoded by the LRPAP1 gene.
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IBP-1) also known as placental protein 12 (PP12) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGFBP1 gene.
Synaptobrevin-like protein 1 (SYBL1), also known as vesicle-associated membrane protein 7 (VAMP7), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VAMP7, or SYBL1, gene.
T-complex protein 1 subunit delta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCT4 gene. The CCT4 protein is a component of the TRiC complex.
Protein NMR gives comparatively lower resolution of protein structure. It is limited to smaller proteins. However, it can provide information about conformational changes of a protein in solution.
T-complex protein 1 subunit theta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCT8 gene. The CCT8 protein is a component of the TRiC complex.
Ras-related protein Rab-33A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB33A gene. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the small GTPase superfamily, Rab family. It is GTP-binding protein and may be involved in vesicle transport.
Some transcription factors that have the higher matrix similarity are Kruppel-like zinc finger protein 219, zinc finger protein 263, ZKSCAN12 (zinc finger protein with KRAB and SCAN domains 12), chorion-specific transcription factor GCMa, and Ras-responsive element binding protein 1.
This gene was identified by its similarity to the gene for human adenylyl cyclase-associated protein. The function of the protein encoded by this gene is unknown. However, the protein appears to be able to interact with adenylyl cyclase-associated protein and actin.
Golgi membrane protein 1 (GOLM1) also known as Golgi phosphoprotein 2 or Golgi membrane protein GP73 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GOLM1 gene. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described for this gene.
G-protein coupled receptor 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR3 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the G protein- coupled receptor family of transmembrane receptors and is involved in signal transduction.
Phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PCTP) also known as StAR-related lipid transfer domain protein 2 (STARD2) is a specific intracellular phospholipid binding protein that can transfer phosphatidylcholine between different membranes in the cytosol. In humans, phosphatidylcholine transfer protein is encoded by the PCTP gene.
This gene encodes a cytosolic protein which belongs to a family of lipid-binding proteins including Sec14p, alpha-tocopherol transfer protein, and cellular retinol-binding protein. The encoded protein stimulates squalene monooxygenase which is a downstream enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway.
This protein and RII PKA colocalize at the cell periphery. This protein is a cell growth-related protein. Antibodies to this protein can be produced by patients with myasthenia gravis. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms.
The systematic name of this enzyme class is triphosphate:[microsomal-membrane- protein] phosphotransferase. Other names in common use include diphosphate:microsomal-membrane-protein O-phosphotransferase, (erroneous), DiPPT (erroneous), pyrophosphate:protein phosphotransferase (erroneous), diphosphate-protein phosphotransferase (erroneous), diphosphate:[microsomal- membrane-protein] O-phosphotransferase, and (erroneous).
A membrane transport protein (or simply transporter) is a membrane protein that acts as such a carrier. A vesicular transport protein is a transmembrane or membrane associated protein. It regulates or facilitates the movement by vesicles of the contents of the cell.
Up-regulated during skeletal muscle growth protein 5 (USMG5), also known as ATP synthase membrane subunit DAPIT (ATP5MD), Diabetes-associated protein in insulin-sensitive tissues, or HCV F-transactivated protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the USMG5 gene.
RING finger protein 13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RNF13 gene. The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING zinc finger, a motif known to be involved in protein-protein interactions. The specific function of this gene has not yet been determined. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.
Probable G-protein coupled receptor 61 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR61 gene. This gene belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. G protein-coupled receptors contain 7 transmembrane domains and transduce extracellular signals through heterotrimeric G proteins. The protein encoded by this gene is most closely related to biogenic amine receptors.
The protein encoded by this gene is highly similar to the protein product encoded by gene INSIG1. Both INSIG1 protein and this protein are endoplasmic reticulum proteins that block the processing of sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) by binding to SREBP cleavage- activating protein (SCAP), and thus prevent SCAP from escorting SREBPs to the Golgi.
G-protein-signaling modulator 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPSM1 gene. G proteins propagate intracellular signals initiated by G protein- coupled receptors. GPSM1, a receptor-independent activator of G protein signaling, is one of several factors that influence the basal activity of G protein signaling systems (Pizzinat et al., 2001).
WD repeat-containing protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WDR1 gene. This gene encodes a protein containing 9 WD repeats. WD repeats are approximately 30- to 40-amino acid domains containing several conserved residues, mostly including a trp-asp at the C-terminal end. WD domains are involved in protein-protein interactions.
Chromobox protein homolog 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CBX5 gene. It is a highly conserved, non-histone protein part of the heterochromatin family. The protein itself is more commonly called (in humans) HP1α. Heterochromatin protein-1 (HP1) has an N-terminal domain that acts on methylated lysines residues leading to epigenetic repression.
LIM and SH3 domain protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LASP1 gene. This gene encodes a member of a LIM protein subfamily which is characterized by a LIM motif and a domain of Src homology region 3. This protein functions as an actin-binding protein and possibly in cytoskeletal organization.
Hepatitis B virus X-interacting protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HBXIP gene. This gene encodes a protein that specifically complexes with the C-terminus of hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx). The function of this protein is to negatively regulate HBx activity and thus to alter the replication life cycle of the virus.
Cysteine and glycine-rich protein 3 also known as cardiac LIM protein (CLP) or muscle LIM protein (MLP) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CSRP3 gene. CSRP3 IS a small 194 amino acid protein, which is specifically expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle. In rodents, CSRP3 has also been found to be expressed in neurons.
The protein encoded by this gene is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein. It binds directly, with several other proteins, to retinoblastoma protein (pRB) which regulates cell proliferation. pRB represses transcription by recruiting the encoded protein. This protein, in turn, serves as a bridging molecule to recruit HDACs and, in addition, provides a second HDAC-independent repression function.
Carboxybiotin decarboxylase (, MadB, carboxybiotin protein decarboxylase) is an enzyme with systematic name carboxybiotinyl-(protein) carboxy-lyase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction : a carboxybiotinyl-[protein] + n Na+in \+ H+out \rightleftharpoons CO2 \+ a biotinyl-[protein] + n Na+out (n = 1--2) This enzyme is an integral membrane protein MadB from the anaerobic bacterium Malonomonas rubra.
Aquaporin 6, kidney specific is a protein in humans that is encoded by the AQP6 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is an aquaporin protein, which functions as a water channel in cells. Aquaporins are a family of small integral membrane proteins related to the major intrinsic protein (MIP or AQP0). This protein is specific for the kidney.
Regulator of microtubule dynamics protein 3 (RMDN3), more commonly known as Protein tyrosine phosphatase interacting protein 51 (PTPIP51), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RMDN3 gene on chromosome 15. This protein contributes to multiple biological functions, including cellular differentiation, proliferation, motility, cytoskeleton formation, and apoptosis, and has been associated with numerous cancers.
GSK-3-binding protein FRAT2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FRAT2 gene. The protein encoded by this intronless gene belongs to the GSK-3-binding protein family. Studies show that this protein plays a role as a positive regulator of the WNT signaling pathway. It may be upregulated in tumor progression.
The protein encoded by this gene is highly similar to human hippocalcin protein and hippocalcin like-1 protein. It also has similarity to rat neural visinin- like Ca2+-binding protein-type 1 and 2 proteins. It is a member of the neuronal calcium sensor family. This encoded protein may be involved in the calcium-dependent regulation of rhodopsin phosphorylation.
This process can be reversed and the phosphate group removed by the enzyme protein phosphatase. Phosphorylation can create a binding site on the phosphorylated protein which enables it to interact with other proteins and generate large, multi-protein complexes. Alternatively, phosphorylation can change the level of protein activity by altering the ability of the protein to bind its substrate.
RoXaN (Rotavirus 'X'-associated non-structural protein) also known as ZC3H7B (zinc finger CCCH-type containing 7B), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZC3H7B gene. RoXaN is a protein that contains tetratricopeptide repeat and leucine-aspartate repeat as well as zinc finger domains. This protein also interacts with the rotavirus non-structural protein NSP3.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the type 3 G protein-coupled receptor family. Members of this superfamily are characterized by a signature 7-transmembrane domain motif. The specific function of this protein is unknown; however, this protein may mediate the cellular effects of retinoic acid on the G protein signal transduction cascade.
Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein large subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MTTP gene. MTP encodes the large subunit of the heterodimeric microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) completes the heterodimeric microsomal triaglyceride transfer protein, which has been shown to play a central role in lipoprotein assembly. Mutations in MTP can cause abetalipoproteinemia.
SPINE stands for strep–protein interaction experiment. SPINE is a powerful tool to detect proteinprotein interactions in vivo. The bait protein has to be expressed with a Strep-tag under the conditions when the potential interaction partners are presumably present in the cells. The addition of formaldehyde links the bait protein to its potential interaction partners.
Cellular retinol binding protein (CRBP) was first discovered in 1973 from lung tissues by Bashor et al. There have been three cellular retinol binding protein categories discovered; Cellular retinol-binding protein, cellular retinoic acid-binding protein and cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein(CRALBP). CRALBP was first discovered in 1977, after it was purified from retina and retinal pigment epithelial cells.
Second, the C-terminus of the protein can stimulate glucocorticoid receptor-dependent transcriptional activation. It is thought that the protein encoded by this gene confers specificity to the SWI/SNF complex and may recruit the complex to its targets through either protein-DNA or protein-protein interactions. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
RPTOR encodes part of a signaling pathway regulating cell growth which responds to nutrient and insulin levels. RPTOR is an evolutionarily conserved protein with multiple roles in the mTOR pathway. The adapter protein and mTOR kinase form a stoichiometric complex. The encoded protein also associates with eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein-1 and ribosomal protein S6 kinase.
Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. APPBP1 (Amyloid Precursor Protein- Binding Protein 1) binds to the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) carboxy terminal domain. APPBP1 is a multi-functional protein with activities in neuronal tissues. APPBP1 also bonds with UBA3 (ubiquitin-like protein- activating enzyme 3) to form the NEDD8 activating enzyme (NAE).
Each G protein is a heterotrimer of three subunits: α-, β-, and γ- subunits. The α-subunit (Gα) typically binds the G protein to a transmembrane receptor protein known as a G protein-coupled receptor, or GPCR. This receptor protein has a large, extracellular binding domain which will bind its respective ligands (e.g. neurotransmitters and hormones).
Ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex (7.2 kD), also known as UCRC or UQCR10, is a human gene. Its gene product is a subunit of the respiratory chain protein Ubiquinol Cytochrome c Reductase (UQCR, Complex III or Cytochrome bc1 complex), which consists of the products of one mitochondrially encoded gene, MTCYTB (mitochondrial cytochrome b) and ten nuclear genes: UQCRC1, UQCRC2, Cytochrome c1, UQCRFS1 (Rieske protein), UQCRB, UQCRQ ("11kDa protein"), UQCRH (cyt c1 Hinge protein), Rieske Protein presequence, UCRC("cyt. c1 associated protein"), and UQCR ("Rieske-associated protein").
WW domain-containing adapter protein with coiled-coil is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WAC gene. The protein encoded by this gene contains a WW domain, which is a protein module found in a wide range of signaling proteins. This domain mediates protein-protein interactions and binds proteins containing short linear peptide motifs that are proline-rich or contain at least one proline. This gene product shares 94% sequence identity with the WAC protein in mouse, however, its exact function is not known.
Heat shock 70 kDa protein 13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HSPA13 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the heat shock protein 70 family and is found associated with microsomes. Members of this protein family play a role in the processing of cytosolic and secretory proteins, as well as in the removal of denatured or incorrectly folded proteins. The encoded protein contains an ATPase domain and has been shown to associate with a ubiquitin-like protein.
Protein design is the rational design of new protein molecules to design novel activity, behavior, or purpose, and to advance basic understanding of protein function. Proteins can be designed from scratch (de novo design) or by making calculated variants of a known protein structure and its sequence (termed protein redesign). Rational protein design approaches make protein-sequence predictions that will fold to specific structures. These predicted sequences can then be validated experimentally through methods such as peptide synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, or artificial gene synthesis.
A protein with 3 functional domains A mosaic protein is a protein that is made up of different protein domains, giving the protein multiple functions. These proteins have quaternary structures, as they are made up of multiple tertiary structured protein domains. Protein domains can combine to form different types of proteins, creating a diversity of proteins. These domains are spread throughout the genome because they are mobile, which is why some domains can be found in a variety of proteins, even though they are seemingly unrelated.
In terms of enzymology, a histidine kinase (, EnvZ, histidine protein kinase, protein histidine kinase, protein kinase (histidine), HK1, HP165, Sln1p) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :ATP + protein L-histidine \rightleftharpoons ADP + protein N-phospho-L-histidine. Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and protein L-histidine, whereas its two products are ADP and protein N-phospho-L-histidine. This type of enzyme is involved in signal transduction pathways upstream of many cellular processes including various metabolic, virulence, and homeostatic pathways.
In enzymology, a protein-histidine pros-kinase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :ATP + protein L-histidine \rightleftharpoons ADP + protein Nπ-phospho-L-histidine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and protein L-histidine, whereas its two products are ADP and protein Npi- phospho-L-histidine. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring a phosphate group to the sidechain of histidine residues in proteins (protein-histidine kinases). The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:protein-L-histidine Npi-phosphotransferase. Other names in common use include ATP:protein-L-histidine N-pros- phosphotransferase, histidine kinase, histidine protein kinase, protein histidine kinase, protein kinase (histidine), and HK2.
In enzymology, a protein-histidine tele-kinase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :ATP + protein L-histidine \rightleftharpoons ADP + protein Nτ-phospho-L-histidine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and protein L-histidine, whereas its two products are ADP and protein Ntau- phospho-L-histidine. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring a phosphate group to the sidechain of histidine residues in proteins (protein-histidine kinases). The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:protein-L-histidine Ntau-phosphotransferase. Other names in common use include ATP:protein-L-histidine N-tele- phosphotransferase, histidine kinase, histidine protein kinase, protein histidine kinase, protein kinase (histidine), and HK3.
Before the development of proximity labeling, determination of protein proximity in cells relied on studying protein-protein interactions through methods such as affinity purification-mass spectrometry and proximity ligation assays. DamID is a method developed in 2000 by Steven Henikoff for identifying parts of the genome proximal to a chromatin protein of interest. DamID relies on a DNA methyltransferase fusion to the chromatin protein to nonnaturally methylate DNA, which can then be subsequently sequenced to reveal genome methylation sites near the protein. Researchers were guided by the fusion protein strategy of DamID to create a method for site-specific labeling of protein targets, culminating in the creation of the biotin protein labelling-based BioID in 2012.
Applications for the mEos4 protein include photoactivation localization microscopy (PALM), correlative light/ electron microscopy (CLEM), protein activity indication and activity integration (post-hoc imaging for protein activity over time).
WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 (WIPI-3), also known as WD repeat-containing protein 45-like is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene.
Homozygous protein C defect constitutes a potentially life-threatening disease, and warrants the use of supplemental protein C concentrates.Liver transplant may be considered curative for homozygous protein C deficiency.
WD repeat-containing protein 11 (WDR11) also known as bromodomain and WD repeat-containing protein 2 (BRWD2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WDR11 gene.
Bromodomain and WD repeat-containing protein 1 (BRWD1) also known as WD repeat-containing protein 9 (WDR9) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BRWD1 gene.
Transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMED5 gene.National Center for Biotechnology Information. "Transmembrane p24 trafficking protein 5". NCBI Gene.
Radial spoke head protein 3 homolog (RSPH3), also known as radial spoke head- like protein 2 (RSHL2), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RSPH3 gene.
Overexpression of this protein delays lysosomal degradation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Because of its bifunctional role, this protein may link heterotrimeric G protein signaling and vesicular trafficking.
This gene encodes a protein with similarity to the Caenorhabditis elegans unc93 protein. The Unc93 protein is involved in the regulation or coordination of muscle contraction in the worm.
The neoplastic cells are S100 protein positive (approximately 80%), and show membrane and vacuole CD31 immunoreactivity. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a unique brown fat mitochondrial protein, is also positive.
Leucine-rich repeat neuronal protein 3, also known as neuronal leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRR-3), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LRRN3 gene.
Fatty acid-binding protein 2 (FABP2) also known as Intestinal-type fatty acid- binding protein (I-FABP) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FABP2 gene.
Protein C-ETS2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ETS2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the ETS family of transcription factors.
Centromere protein B also known as major centromere autoantigen B is an autoantigen protein of the cell nucleus. In humans, centromere protein B is encoded by the CENPB gene.
Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein family member 1, also known as WASP-family verprolin homologous protein 1 (WAVE1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WASF1 gene.
Retinaldehyde-binding protein 1 (RLBP1) also known as cellular retinaldehyde- binding protein (CRALBP) is a 36-kD water-soluble protein that in humans is encoded by the RLBP1 gene.
Mesoderm posterior protein 2 (MESP2), also known as class C basic helix-loop- helix protein 6 (bHLHc6), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MESP2 gene.
Golgi reassembly-stacking protein of 65 kDa (GRASP65) also known as Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 (GORASP1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GORASP1 gene.
Axin-2 also known as axin-like protein (Axil) or axis inhibition protein 2 (AXIN2) or conductin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AXIN2 gene.
Coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain-containing protein 10, mitochondrial, also known as Protein N27C7-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHCHD10 gene.
Macbecins mechanism of action is in part due to heat shock protein Hsp90 protein inhibition.
Docking protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DOK3 gene.
Nucleolar protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NOL4 gene.
Protein MICAL-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MICAL2 gene.
Cartilage associated protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CRTAP gene.
SFRS2-interacting protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SFRS2IP gene.
Protein MAK16 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAK16 gene.
Protein BAT2-like is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BAT2L gene.
Transmembrane protein 25 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM25 gene.
Uncharacterized protein C17orf50 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the C17orf50 gene.
Transmembrane protein 51 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the TMEM51 gene.
Transmembrane protein 160 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM160 gene.
Kizuna centrosomal protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIZ gene.
Centlein, centrosomal protein is a protein in humans that is encoded by the CNTLN gene.
Trpc4-associated protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRPC4AP gene.
Protein Muted homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MUTED gene.
Translocation protein SEC62 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEC62 gene.
Transmembrane protein 106B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM106B gene.
Protein Wnt-7b is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WNT7B gene.
Docking protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DOK5 gene.
Protein Mis18-alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MIS18A gene.
Protein SDA1 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SDAD1 gene.
Protein TRS85 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIAA1012 gene.
Protein capicua homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CIC gene.
Kinetochore protein Spc24 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPC24 gene.
UPF0449 protein C19orf25 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C19orf25 gene.
Transmembrane protein 109 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM109 gene.
Uncharacterized protein KIAA1539 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIAA1539 gene.
Homeobox protein ESX1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ESX1 gene.
Transmembrane protein 22 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM22 gene.
Centromere protein L is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CENPL gene.
Nucleolar protein 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NOL9 gene.
Protein orai-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ORAI2 gene.
Docking protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DOK4 gene.
Centromere protein N is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CENPN gene.
Centromere protein K is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CENPK gene.
TIMELESS-interacting protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TIPIN gene.
Uncharacterized protein C12orf43 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C12orf43 gene.
Homeobox protein SIX2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SIX2 gene.
Nucleolar protein 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NOL7 gene.
Protein CWC15 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CWC15 gene.
Homeobox protein SIX4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SIX4 gene.
Transmembrane protein 184B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM184B gene.
Small acidic protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMAP gene.
Uncharacterized protein CLBA1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLBA1 gene.
Trophinin-associated protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TROAP gene.
Protein cornichon homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CNIH gene.
Immunological characteristics of this protein are species specific. This protein also undergoes N-terminal myristoylation.
Transmembrane protein 49 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM49 gene.
UPF0528 protein FAM172A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM172A gene.
Transmembrane protein 117 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM117 gene.
RPA-interacting protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPAIN gene.
Transmembrane protein 47 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM47 gene.
Uncharacterized protein KIAA1683 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIAA1683 gene.
Transmembrane protein 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM9 gene.
Denticleless protein homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DTL gene.
RAB3A-interacting protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB3IP gene.
Homeobox protein OTX1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OTX1 gene.
Polycomb protein SCMH1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCMH1 gene.
Transmembrane protein 130 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM130 gene.
Transmembrane protein 94 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM94 gene.
Uncharacterized protein KIAA1267 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIAA1267 gene.
Gamalost is rich in protein with low fat content, measuring 1% fat and 50% protein.
2) as well as TolA (2.C.1.2.1). These domains probably mediate protein-protein interactions.
Transmembrane protein 215 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM215 gene.
Cytoplasmic protein NCK1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCK1 gene.
Centromere protein I is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CENPI gene.
Protein OS-9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OS9 gene.
Protein deltex-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DTX1 gene.
BET1-like protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BET1L gene.
Protein homolog 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CBY1 gene.
Protein AF-9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MLLT3 gene.
VIP36-like protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LMAN2L gene.
Homeobox Protein HB24 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLX gene.
Homeobox protein SIX5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SIX5 gene.
Nucleolar protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NOL3 gene.
Homeobox protein Emx2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EMX2 gene.
Protein lyl-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LYL1 gene.
Tumor protein D54 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TPD52L2 gene.
Protein AF-10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MLLT10 gene.
Tumor protein D52 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TPD52L1 gene.
Centromere protein H is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CENPH gene.
Protein boule-like is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BOLL gene.
Centrosomal protein 128kDa is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CEP128 gene.
Transmembrane Protein 205 (TMEM205) is a protein encoded on chromosome 19 by the TMEM205 gene.
Transmembrane protein 216 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the TMEM216 gene.
IgGFc-binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FCGBP gene.
Numb-like protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NUMBL gene.
Centromere protein T is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CENPT gene.
Protein MIS12 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MIS12 gene.
UPF0705 protein C11orf49 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C11orf49 gene.
Nucleolar protein 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NOL8 gene.
The encoded protein is 94% identical to the mouse protein at the amino acid level.
Speedy protein A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPDYA gene.
MAD2L1-binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAD2L1BP gene.
Protein MON2 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MON2 gene.
Uncharacterized protein C6orf89 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C6orf89 gene.
Uncharacterized protein C9orf78 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C9orf78 gene.
Proteolipid protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PLP2 gene.
ERC protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ERC2 gene.
Transmembrane protein 150A is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the TMEM150A gene.
LAS1-like protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LAS1L gene.
Centrosomal protein 85 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CEP85 gene.
Transmembrane protein 182 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM182 gene.
BRCA1 associated protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BRAP gene.
Transmembrane protein 229b is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM229b gene.
UPF0739 protein C1orf74 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C1orf74 gene.
Transmembrane protein 44 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM44 gene.
Thus, highly protein-bound drugs have fewer opportunities for protein binding, leading to increased distribution.
GSK3B interacting protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GSKIP gene.
Transmembrane protein 243 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM243 gene.
Transmembrane protein 243 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM243 gene.
Transmembrane protein 196 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM196 gene.
Transmembrane protein 150B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM150B gene.
Acrosin binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACRBP gene.
Phospholipid transfer protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PLTP gene.
Docking protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DOK1 gene.
Crk-like protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CRKL gene.
Checkpoint protein HUS1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HUS1 gene.
Transmembrane protein 201 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM201 gene.
Docking protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DOK2 gene.
Drebrin-like protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DBNL gene.
Protein Wnt-5a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WNT5A gene.
Thioredoxin-interacting protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TXNIP gene.
STAM-binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STAMBP gene.
Tumor protein D52 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TPD52 gene.
Ski-like protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SKIL gene.
Polycomb protein EED is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EED gene.
InaD-like protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PATJ gene.
Polycomb protein SUZ12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SUZ12 gene.
Transmembrane protein 26 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM26 gene.
Transmembrane protein 57 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM57 gene.
CD2-associated protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD2AP gene.
Protein enabled homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ENAH gene.
Homeobox protein Meis1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MEIS1 gene.
Centromere protein U is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MLF1IP gene.
Deubiquitinating protein VCIP135 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VCPIP1 gene.
Homeobox protein OTX2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OTX2 gene.
Protein Wnt-7a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WNT7A gene.
MARCKS-related protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MARCKSL1 gene.
Protein argonaute-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EIF2C1 gene.
Nuclear protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NUPR1 gene.
Nucleolar protein 58 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NOP58 gene.
Centromere protein R is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGB3BP gene.
Microspherule protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MCRS1 gene.
Transmembrane protein 72 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM72 gene.
Homeobox protein SIX3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SIX3 gene.
Methylosome protein 50 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WDR77 gene.
Binary subcomplexes in proteins database (BISC) is a proteinprotein interaction database about binary subcomplexes.
Transmembrane protein 230 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM230 gene.
MYCBP associated protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYCBPAP gene.
COA5 has been known to have unique proteinprotein interactions with APP, KRT31, and CHCHD4.
Dynactin associated protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DYNAP gene.
In enzymology, a 3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :(3R)-3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl- carrier-protein] \rightleftharpoons hexadec-2-enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + H2O Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, (3R)-3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl- carrier-protein], and two products, hexadec-2-enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] and H2O. This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the hydro- lyases, which cleave carbon-oxygen bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is (3R)-3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydro-lyase (hexadec-2-enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein]-forming). Other names in common use include D-3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase, beta- hydroxypalmitoyl-acyl carrier protein dehydrase, beta-hydroxypalmitoyl thioester dehydratase, beta-hydroxypalmityl-ACP dehydrase, and (3R)-3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydro-lyase.
Conserved glycation sites at epsilon amino groups of lysines are predicted at Lys101, Lys239, and Lys374 with possible disrupting effects on molecular conformation and function of the protein. S-palmitoylation, which help the protein bind more tightly to the membrane by contributing to protein hydrophobicity and membrane association, is predicted at Cys261 and Cys438. S-palmitoylation can also modulate protein- protein interactions of SLC46A3 by changing the affinity of the protein for lipid rafts.
Screens for biologically relevant protein-protein interactions have been performed using Tandem Affinity Purification (TAP) with the SBP-Tag and Protein A, for interaction proteomics and transcription factor complexes with the SBP-Tag and Protein G, for proteins that interact with the Dengue Virus protein DENV-2 NS4A with the SBP-Tag and the Calmodulin Tag. and for proteins that interact with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) with the SBP-Tag and the hemagglutinin (HA)-tag.
Tripartite motif-containing protein 68 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRIM68 gene. The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger domain, a motif present in a variety of functionally distinct proteins and known to be involved in protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. This gene is expressed in many cancer cell lines. Its expression in normal tissues, however, was found to be restricted to prostate.
Salting out is the most common method used to precipitate a protein. Addition of a neutral salt, such as ammonium sulfate, compresses the solvation layer and increases proteinprotein interactions. As the salt concentration of a solution is increased, the charges on the surface of the protein interact with the salt, not the water, thereby exposing hydrophobic patches on the protein surface and causing the protein to fall out of solution (aggregate and precipitate).
Fusion of two genes (BCR-ABL) to encode a recombinant oncogenic protein. A recombinant fusion protein is a protein created through genetic engineering of a fusion gene. This typically involves removing the stop codon from a cDNA sequence coding for the first protein, then appending the cDNA sequence of the second protein in frame through ligation or overlap extension PCR. That DNA sequence will then be expressed by a cell as a single protein.
Infection begins when G protein binds to lipopolysaccharides on the bacterial host cell surface. H protein (or the DNA Pilot Protein) pilots the viral genome through the bacterial membrane of E.coli bacteria most likely via a predicted N-terminal transmembrane domain helix. However, it has become apparent that H protein is a multifunctional protein. This is the only viral capsid protein of ΦX174 to lack a crystal structure for a couple of reasons.
Efflux pumps generally consist of an outer membrane protein, middle periplasmic protein, inner membrane protein, and transmembrane duct. The transmembrane duct is located in the outer membrane of the cell. The duct is also bound to two other proteins: a periplasmic membrane protein and an integral membrane transporter. The periplasmic membrane protein and the inner membrane protein of the system are coupled to control the opening and closing of the duct (channel).
Like whey hydrolysate, this flavor is not effectively masked by most flavorings; however, the taste of rice protein is usually considered to be less unpleasant than the bitter taste of whey hydrolysate. This unique rice protein flavor may even be preferred to artificial flavorings by consumers of rice protein. Rice protein is commonly mixed with pea protein powder. Rice protein is high in the sulfur-containing amino acids, cysteine and methionine, but low in lysine.
FK506-binding protein 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FKBP8 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the immunophilin protein family, which play a role in immunoregulation and basic cellular processes involving protein folding and trafficking. Unlike the other members of the family, this encoded protein does not seem to have PPIase/rotamase activity. It may have a role in neurons associated with memory function.
Protein C's anticoagulant role in the human body was first noted by Seegers et al. in 1960, who gave protein C its original name, autoprothrombin II-a. Protein C was first isolated by Johan Stenflo from bovine plasma in 1976, and Stenflo determined it to be a vitamin K-dependent protein. He named it protein C because it was the third protein ("peak C") that eluted from a DEAE-Sepharose ion-exchange chromotograph.
Phenotypes that do not correlate (i.e. where the inhibition of either of two proteins results in two different phenotypes) indicate a negative or inactivating relationship. If protein A is dependent on protein B for activation then the inhibition of either protein A or B will result in a cell losing the service that is provided by protein A and the phenotypes will be the same for the inhibition of either A or B. If, however, protein A is inactivated by protein B then the phenotypes will differ depending on which protein is inhibited (inhibit protein B and it can no longer inactivate protein A leaving A active however inactivate A and there is nothing for B to activate since A is inactive and the phenotype changes). Multiple RNAi screens need to be performed in order to reliably appoint a sign to a given protein- protein interaction.
In enzymology, a beta-ketoacyl-acyl-carrier-protein synthase II () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :(Z)-hexadec-11-enoyl-[acyl- carrier-protein] + malonyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] \rightleftharpoons (Z)-3-oxooctadec-13-enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + CO2 \+ [acyl-carrier- protein] Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are (Z)-hexadec-11-enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] and malonyl-[acyl-carrier- protein], whereas its 3 products are (Z)-3-oxooctadec-13-enoyl-[acyl-carrier- protein], CO2, and acyl-carrier-protein. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is (Z)-hexadec-11-enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]:malonyl-[acyl-carrier-pr otein] C-acyltransferase (decarboxylating). Other names in common use include KASII, KAS II, FabF, 3-oxoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase I, and beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase II. This enzyme participates in fatty acid biosynthesis.
The unknown transfers describe: a protein being copied from a protein, synthesis of RNA using the primary structure of a protein as a template, and DNA synthesis using the primary structure of a protein as a template - these are not thought to naturally occur.
Death-associated protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DAP gene. DAP gene encodes a basic, proline-rich, 15-kD protein. Death-associated protein acts as a positive mediator of programmed cell death that is induced by interferon-gamma.
G-protein coupled receptor 31 also known as 12-(S)-HETE receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR31 gene. The human gene is located on chromosome 6q27 and encodes a G-protein coupled receptor protein composed of 319 amino acids.
This gene encodes a protein sharing sequence similarity with ribosomal protein L10 (RPL10). It is not currently known whether the encoded protein is a functional ribosomal protein or whether it has evolved a function that is independent of the ribosome. This gene is intronless.
Rho GTPases play a fundamental role in numerous cellular processes that are initiated by extracellular stimuli that work through G protein-coupled receptors. The encoded protein may form complex with G proteins and stimulate Rho-dependent signals. This protein is similar to the NET1A protein.
MORC family CW-type zinc finger protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MORC3 gene. This gene encodes a protein that localizes to the nuclear matrix. The protein also has RNA binding activity, and has a predicted coiled-coil domain.
A protein fold refers to the general protein architecture, like a helix bundle, β-barrel, Rossmann fold or different "folds" provided in the Structural Classification of Proteins database. A related concept is protein topology that refers to the arrangement of contacts within the protein.
Then active Smoothened protein is able to inhibit PKA and Slimb, so that the Ci protein is not cleaved. This intact Ci protein can enter the nucleus, associate with CPB protein and act as a transcriptional activator, inducing the expression of Hedgehog-response genes.
The part of the activator that makes proteinprotein interactions with the general transcription machinery is referred to as an "activating region". The part of the general transcription machinery that makes proteinprotein interactions with the activator is referred to as an "activation target".
Transmembrane protein 261 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM261 gene located on chromosome 9. TMEM261 is also known as C9ORF123 and DMAC1, Chromosome 9 Open Reading Frame 123 and Transmembrane Protein C9orf123 and Distal membrane-arm assembly complex protein 1.
Hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 2 (HAPLN2) also known as brain link protein 1 (BRAL1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HAPLN2 gene. HAPLN1 codes for a related link protein that is expressed in cartilage while Bral1 is expressed in brain.
Peripheral plasma membrane protein CASK is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CASK gene. This gene is also known by several other names: CMG 2 (CAMGUK protein 2), calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase 3 and membrane-associated guanylate kinase 2.
E3 SUMO-protein ligase PIAS4 is one of several protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS) proteins. It is also known as protein inhibitor of activated STAT protein gamma (PIASg or PIASy), and is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PIAS4 gene.
This gene encodes a member of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase subfamily of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family, and is most highly similar to GRK4 and GRK5. The protein phosphorylates the activated forms of G protein-coupled receptors to regulate their signaling.
Dissociation of this protein from syntaxin determines the kinetics of postfusion events. This protein is essential for presynpatic vesicle release and is rapidly phosphorylated by protein kinase C upon neuronal depolarization. The protein participates in the secretory pathway between the Golgi apparatus and cell membrane.
Protein hairless is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HR gene. This gene encodes a protein whose function has been linked to hair growth. A similar protein in rat functions as a transcriptional corepressor for thyroid hormone and interacts with histone deacetylases.
F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAPZA1 gene. CAPZA1 is a member of the F-actin capping protein alpha subunit family. This gene encodes the alpha subunit of the barbed-end actin binding protein.
Binary interactions. Rajagopala et al. (2014) have carried out systematic yeast two-hybrid screens with most E. coli proteins, and found a total of 2,234 protein-protein interactions. This study also integrated genetic interactions and protein structures and mapped 458 interactions within 227 protein complexes.
SPRY domain-containing protein 7 (SPRYD7) also known as chronic lymphocytic leukemia deletion region gene 6 protein (CLLD6) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPRYD7 gene.
Protein SOGA1 also known as SOGA family member 1 or suppressor of glucose, autophagy-associated protein 1 (SOGA1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOGA1 gene.
Closer analysis shows very little potential for these interactions to be real, thus none should be considered actual protein-protein interactions. The protein interaction from the STRING analysis is shown.
EIF5 is a GTPase-activating protein. Furthermore, YopE is a protein domain that is a Rho GTPase-activating protein (GAP), which targets small GTPases such as RhoA, Rac1, and Rac2.
Protein ETHE1, mitochondrial, also known as "ethylmalonic encephalopathy 1 protein" and "per sulfide dioxygenase", is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ETHE1 gene located on chromosome 19.
Disks large-associated protein 4 (DAP-4) also known as SAP90/PSD-95-associated protein 4 (SAPAP-4) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DLGAP4 gene.
Zinc finger protein ZIC2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZIC2 gene. ZIC2 is a member of the Zinc finger of the cerebellum (ZIC) protein family.
ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 13B (ARL13B), also known as ADP- ribosylation factor-like protein 2-like 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARL13B gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is similar to the yeast Mob1 protein. Yeast Mob1 binds Mps1p, a protein kinase essential for spindle pole body duplication and mitotic checkpoint regulation.
Radial spoke head protein 6 homolog A (RSPH6A) also known as radial spoke head-like protein 1 (RSHL1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RSPH6A gene.
N-myc proto-oncogene protein also known as N-Myc or basic helix-loop-helix protein 37 (bHLHe37), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYCN gene.
While native whey protein does not aggregate upon renneting or acidification of milk, denaturing the whey protein triggers hydrophobic interactions with other proteins, and the formation of a protein gel.
Protein C-ets-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ETS1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the ETS family of transcription factors.
Computational studies of protein folding includes three main aspects related to the prediction of protein stability, kinetics, and structure. A recent review summarizes the available computational methods for protein folding.
Synaptosomal-associated protein 23 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNAP23 gene. Two alternative transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms have been described for this gene.
Protein kinase C stimulates NHE3, while protein kinase A inhibits it.852 Page 852 There is a specific protein functioning as an NHE3 regulator, Sodium-hydrogen antiporter 3 regulator 1.
Protein ERGIC-53 also known as ER-Golgi intermediate compartment 53 kDa protein or lectin mannose-binding 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LMAN1 gene.
G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNJ5 gene and is a type of G protein-gated ion channel.
Transport and Golgi organization protein 6 homolog also known as transmembrane and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TANGO6 gene.
A complete protein or whole protein is a food source of protein that contains an adequate proportion of each of the nine essential amino acids necessary in the human diet.
This gene encodes the human homolog of the yeast Imp3 protein. The protein localizes to the nucleoli and interacts with the U3 snoRNP complex. The protein contains an S4 domain.
Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 52 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VPS52 gene. This gene encodes a protein that is similar to the yeast suppressor of actin mutations 2 gene. The yeast protein forms a subunit of the tetrameric Golgi-associated retrograde protein complex that is involved in vesicle trafficking from both early and late endosomes, back to the trans-Golgi network. This gene is located on chromosome 6 in a head-to-head orientation with the gene encoding ribosomal protein S18.
Another study determined that muscle protein synthesis was elevated even 72 hours following training. A small study performed on young and elderly found that ingestion of 340 grams of lean beef (90 g protein) did not increase muscle protein synthesis any more than ingestion of 113 grams of lean beef (30 g protein). In both groups, muscle protein synthesis increased by 50%. The study concluded that more than 30 g protein in a single meal did not further enhance the stimulation of muscle protein synthesis in young and elderly.
In enzymology, an arginyltransferase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :L-arginyl-tRNA + protein \rightleftharpoons tRNA + L-arginyl-protein Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-arginyl-tRNA and protein, whereas its two products are tRNA and L-arginyl-protein. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the aminoacyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-arginyl- tRNA:protein arginyltransferase. Other names in common use include arginine transferase, arginyl-transfer ribonucleate-protein aminoacyltransferase, arginyl-transfer ribonucleate-protein transferase, and arginyl-tRNA protein transferase.
In enzymology, a leucyltransferase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :L-leucyl-tRNA + protein \rightleftharpoons tRNA + L-leucyl-protein Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-leucyl-tRNA and protein, whereas its two products are tRNA and L-leucyl-protein. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the aminoacyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-leucyl-tRNA:protein leucyltransferase. Other names in common use include leucyl, phenylalanine-tRNA-protein transferase, leucyl-phenylalanine-transfer ribonucleate-protein, aminoacyltransferase, and leucyl-phenylalanine-transfer ribonucleate-protein transferase.
This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein which contains a regulation of G-protein signaling (RGS) domain and a dishevelled and axin (DIX) domain. The encoded protein interacts with adenomatosis polyposis coli, catenin (cadherin- associated protein) beta 1, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, protein phosphatase 2, and itself. This protein functions as a negative regulator of the wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 1 (WNT) signaling pathway and can induce apoptosis. The crystal structure of a portion of this protein, alone and in a complex with other proteins, has been resolved.
IQGAP1 is a 190 kDa protein with 5 domains. A protein domain is a subsection of a protein that shows up multiple times in biology and can exist independently of the surrounding protein. It is very similar to subsections of other proteins, and could be cut out of the current protein, exist and function by itself, or be pasted in to a new protein strand and still function properly. Since this area of the protein is conserved in amino acid sequence and structure, it can be characterized by function or binding partner.
Ras protein-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 1 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the RASGRF1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) similar to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC25 gene product. Functional analysis has demonstrated that this protein stimulates the dissociation of GDP from RAS protein. The studies of the similar gene in mice suggested that the Ras-GEF activity of this protein in the brain can be activated by Ca2+ influx, muscarinic receptors, and G protein beta-gamma subunit.
There are 7 consecutive MORN repeats in the Morn1 protein The MORN1 gene encodes a protein of 497 amino acids and contains two overlapping conserved protein domains. The first is the MORN repeat region in which the protein contains 7 MORN repeats (at residues 38-211) belonging to protein family: pfam02493. The second is a multidomain uncharacterized protein conserved in bacteria: COG4642 which contains the MORN repeat region plus the beginning target sequence (1–211). The other 286 amino acids are less conserved among orthologs (especially distant orthologs) and belong to no known protein family.
Tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 3 or A20 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFAIP3 gene. This gene was identified as a gene whose expression is rapidly induced by the tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger protein and a deubiquitinating enzyme, and has been shown to inhibit NF-kappa B activation as well as TNF- mediated apoptosis. The A20 protein is ancient, and protein homolog can be found as far back as cnidaria (corals, jellyfish, anemones) with a conserved protein domain composition.
Dual specificity protein phosphatase CDC14A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDC14A gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the dual specificity protein tyrosine phosphatase family. This protein is highly similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc14, a protein tyrosine phosphatase involved in the exit of cell mitosis and initiation of DNA replication, which suggests the role in cell cycle control. This protein has been shown to interact with and dephosphorylates tumor suppressor protein p53, and is thought to regulate the function of p53.
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 (GRK4) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GRK4 gene. This gene encodes a member of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase subfamily of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family, and is most highly similar to GRK5 and GRK6. G protein-coupled receptor kinases phosphorylate activated G protein-coupled receptors, which promotes the binding of an arrestin protein to the receptor. Arrestin binding to phosphorylated, active receptor prevents receptor stimulation of heterotrimeric G protein transducer proteins, blocking their cellular signaling and resulting in receptor desensitization.
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF216 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RNF216 gene. This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein which specifically colocalizes and interacts with the serine/threonine protein kinase, receptor- interacting protein (RIP). Zinc finger domains of the encoded protein are required for its interaction with RIP and for inhibition of TNF- and IL1-induced NF-kappa B activation pathways. The encoded protein may also function as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which accepts ubiquitin from E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and transfers it to substrates.
ZFP14 zinc finger protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZFP14 gene.
Zinc finger protein 107 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF107 gene.
Zinc finger protein 239 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF239 gene.
Peroxisomal membrane protein 11A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PEX11A gene.
CAAX box protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM127A gene.
Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 35 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TTC35 gene.
RING finger protein 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RNF10 gene.
Spermatogenesis-associated protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPATA2 gene.
RNA-binding protein 39 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RBM39 gene.
Crumbs protein homolog 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CRB3 gene.
Plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PLVAP gene.
Cortactin-binding protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTTNBP2 gene.
Forkhead box protein N1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOXN1 gene.
Zinc finger protein 34 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF34 gene.
RING finger protein 146 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RNF146 gene.
Sarcolemmal membrane-associated protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLMAP gene.
Zinc finger protein 414 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF414 gene.
Guanylate binding protein 5 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the GBP5 gene.
Notum, palmitoleoyl-protein carboxylesterase is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NOTUM gene.
Odorant-binding protein 2B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OBP2B gene.
Ribosomal protein L36a like is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL36AL gene.
Ribosomal protein S27 like is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPS27L gene.
Chromobox protein homolog 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CBX1 gene.
Hydrolethalus syndrome protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HYLS1 gene.
Kinesin-like protein KIFC3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIFC3 gene.
Homeobox protein MOX-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MEOX1 gene.
Zinc finger protein 44 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF44 gene.
60S ribosomal protein L26 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL26 gene.
Protein pellino homolog 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PELI1 gene.
Kelch-like protein 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLHL8 gene.
Zinc finger protein 471 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF471 gene.
Synaptojanin-2-binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SYNJ2BP gene.
Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TTC1 gene.
Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TTC3 gene.
Upstream-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UBP1 gene.
Zinc finger protein 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF7 gene.
Zinc finger protein 22 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF22 gene.
Zinc finger protein 33B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF33B gene.
Muscleblind-like protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MBNL3 gene.
Forkhead box protein J2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOXJ2 gene.
Ring finger protein 183 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the RNF183 gene.
Zinc finger protein DZIP1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DZIP1 gene.
RNA-binding protein 34 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RBM34 gene.
Bladder cancer-associated protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BLCAP gene.
Peroxisomal membrane protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PXMP4 gene.
Formin-like protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FMNL2 gene.
Kelch-like protein 18 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLHL18 gene.
Obscurin-like protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OBSL1 gene.
Seizure protein 6 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEZ6 gene.
Zinc finger protein 664 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF664 gene.
Zinc finger protein 268 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF268 gene.
SP140 nuclear body protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SP140 gene.
Zinc finger protein 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF8 gene.
Zinc finger protein 182 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF182 gene.
Zinc finger protein 436 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF436 gene.
Stomatin-like protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STOML1 gene.
Zinc finger protein 264 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF264 gene.
Ring finger protein 103 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RNF103 gene.
Oxidation resistance protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OXR1 gene.
RING finger protein 220 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RNF220 gene.
Elongator complex protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ELP2 gene.
SCY1-like protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCYL2 gene.
Rab-like protein 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RABL6 gene.
Zinc finger protein 83 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF83 gene.
RNA-binding protein 26 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RBM26 gene.
Putative survival-related protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CASZ1 gene.
Odontogenic ameloblast-associated protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ODAM gene.
RNA-binding protein PNO1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PNO1 gene.
Kelch-like protein 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLHL7 gene.
Protein pellino homolog 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PELI2 gene.
Kelch-like protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLHL1 gene.
Zinc finger protein 23 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF23 gene.
Zinc finger protein 33A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF33A gene.
Zinc finger protein 37A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF37A gene.
Zinc finger protein 76 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF76 gene.
Zinc finger protein 79 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF79 gene.
Zinc finger protein 133 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF133 gene.
Zinc finger protein 193 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF193 gene.
Zinc finger protein 224 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF224 gene.
Zinc finger protein 225 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF225 gene.
Synaptonemal complex protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SYCP1 gene.
Zinc finger protein Rlf is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RLF gene.
PHD finger protein 12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PHF12 gene.
Prickle-like protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRICKLE4 gene.
Kinesin-like protein KIF24 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIF24 gene.
PHD finger protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PHF1 gene.
Androgen-induced protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AIG1 gene.
Ancient ubiquitous protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AUP1 gene.
Sperm flagellar protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPEF1 gene.
Zinc finger protein 473 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF473 gene.
Kinesin-like protein KIF3C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIF3C gene.
Microfibrillar-associated protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MFAP1 gene.
Seizure 6-like protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEZ6L gene.
Heme-binding protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HEBP2 gene.
SHC-transforming protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SHC2 gene.
RNA-binding protein NOB1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NOB1 gene.
Keratinocyte differentiation-associated protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KRTDAP gene.
Zinc finger protein 571 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF571 gene.
RING finger protein 115 is a protein, that in humans, is encoded by the RNF115 gene.
FK506-binding protein 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FKBP9 gene.
Neuralized-like protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NEURL2 gene.
50S ribosomal protein L25 is a protein that in Escherichia coli is encoded by the gene.
Homeobox protein GBX-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GBX2 gene.
Protein sprouty homolog 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPRY4 gene.
Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 25 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TTC25 gene.
Membrane frizzled-related protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MFRP gene.
Ubiquitin-like protein 4A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UBL4A gene.
Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPL13 gene.
Zinc finger protein 197 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF197 gene.
Neuralized-like protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NEURL gene.
RIMS binding protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RIMBP2 gene.
Zinc finger protein 497 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF497 gene.
Synaptotagmin-like protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SYTL1 gene.
RNA-binding protein 25 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RBM25 gene.
60S ribosomal protein L34 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL34 gene.
RAD50-interacting protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RINT1 gene.
ERO1-like protein beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ERO1LB gene.
Retinoblastoma-binding protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RBBP5 gene.
Homeobox protein Hox-C10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXC10 gene.
Ubiquitin-associated protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UBAP2 gene.
Peroxisome assembly protein 26 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PEX26 gene.
Spermatogenesis-associated protein 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPATA7 gene.
Actin-like protein 6B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTL6B gene.
Zinc finger protein 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF10 gene.
Zinc finger protein 24 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF24 gene.
Zinc finger protein 143 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF143 gene.
Protein cornichon homolog 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CNIH4 gene.
Placental protein 13 (PP13) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LGALS13 gene.
C-Myc-binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYCBP gene.
Protein ariadne-1 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARIH1 gene.
Plasminogen-related protein B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PLGLB2 gene.
Protein Hook homolog 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOOK1 gene.
Synaptophysin-like protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SYPL1 gene.
Nuclear transition protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNP2 gene.
COX6B1 has been shown to have 548 binary protein-protein interactions including 547 co-complex interactions.
Oxysterol-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OSBP gene.
TOM1-like protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TOM1L1 gene.
PDZK1-interacting protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDZK1IP1 gene.
Protein sprouty homolog 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPRY1 gene.
Peroxisomal membrane protein PEX16 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PEX16 gene.
Integral membrane protein 2A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITM2A gene.
Homer protein homolog 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOMER3 gene.
NIF3-like protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NIF3L1 gene.
60S ribosomal protein L13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL13 gene.
Myotubularin-related protein 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MTMR9 gene.
Epithelial membrane protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EMP2 gene.
Forkhead box protein F1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOXF1 gene.
PAX-interacting protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PAXIP1 gene.
Homeobox protein Hox-C5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXC5 gene.
Immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGBP1 gene.
Zinc finger protein 383 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF383 gene.
Zinc finger protein 791 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF791 gene.
Zinc finger protein 541 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF541 gene.
ZFP41 zinc finger protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZFP41 gene.
Zinc finger protein 84 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF84 gene.
ZFP69 zinc finger protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZFP69 gene.
Holliday junction recognition protein is a protein in humans that is encoded by the HJURP gene.
Ring finger protein 43 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RNF43 gene.
Mastermind-like protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAML1 gene.
Craniofacial development protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CFDP1 gene.
Vesicle-trafficking protein SEC22b is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEC22B gene.
Epithelial membrane protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EMP1 gene.
Zinc finger protein Helios is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IKZF2 gene.
Ergosterol biosynthetic protein 28 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ERG28 gene.
Zinc finger protein 784 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF784 gene.
Zinc finger protein 280B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF280B gene.
Zinc finger protein 648 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF648 gene.
National Center for Biotechnology Information. "Transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein 5 isoform 1 precursor". NCBI Protein.
Homeobox protein Hox-C9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXC9 gene.
Alpha-hemoglobin-stabilizing protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ERAF gene.
Magnesium transporter protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAGT1 gene.
Zinc finger protein 43 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF43 gene.
Kinesin-like protein KIF18A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIF18A gene.
Slit homolog 1 protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLIT1 gene.
Slit homolog 3 protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLIT3 gene.
KLF13 has been shown to interact with CREB-binding protein, Heat shock protein 47 and PCAF.
Forkhead box protein E1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOXE1 gene.

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