138 Sentences With "positive discrimination"

In several countries, the most heated debates around positive discrimination concern education.

India's elaborate system of positive discrimination stems from the constitution adopted in 1949.

The main point of "Expect Equal Respect" is that positive discrimination is still discrimination.

To sceptics, those changes might look like woolly political correctness, or tokenistic positive discrimination.

Might there be some sort of positive discrimination in favor of men going on?

So, as ever, the shiny algorithm can absolutely reflect existing social prejudices, including positive discrimination.

Advocates of positive discrimination often argue that such policies are necessary to correct historical injustice.

Cuba, in third, uses "positive discrimination," putting women in almost half the seats in the National Assembly.

These men and their lackeys have been the beneficiaries of positive discrimination, to say the least, for centuries.

Cuba, which is third, uses "positive discrimination," putting women in almost half the seats in the National Assembly.

Most highly selective American universities indulge in "legacy preferences"—positive discrimination for relatives of alumni—that disproportionately benefit the already rich.

For example, Malaysia has positive discrimination for native Malays, who are poorer and do worse in school than their Chinese and Indian compatriots.

It is not clear, for example, whether Rawls's principle of equality of opportunity would permit affirmative action, or any other form of positive discrimination.

Strikingly, they estimate that positive discrimination results in fewer blacks successfully qualifying as lawyers than would have been the case under colour-blind policies.

Constitutional mandates of affirmative action are constantly flouted, and positive discrimination in university recruitment has similarly been reduced through a new system of hiring.

"The movies that were selected were chosen for their quality," he replied, adding that there would "never be positive discrimination" at the Cannes Festival.

" Rothman goes on to say that he thinks affirmative action is "positive discrimination," but modern activists have shifted more toward a focus of "negative discrimination.

One possibility is that lesbians might face positive discrimination, perhaps if employers expect them to be more competitive and more committed to work than their straight female colleagues.

They could face positive discrimination, if employers promote them on the assumption that they will not have children and so devote more time to work than straight colleagues.

In light of this, we decided to investigate if we could we benefit from positive discrimination divisions in club culture as a way to redress the ongoing gender imbalance.

In this context, finishing the exhibition with female-only contemporary painters, each represented by a single piece and awkwardly crammed together into a tiny final room, feels like tokenism and positive discrimination.

Mahathir ousted the long-ruling coalition led by the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), which has pushed positive discrimination for Malays to avoid a repeat of bloody Chinese-Malay riots in 1969.

This could mean renewed focus on the country's decades-old positive discrimination policy for majority Malays, who enjoyed preferential access to everything from public financing to a 30% quota for equity holdings in businesses.

" And while Mr. Frémaux, the artistic director, has acknowledged criticisms of gender imbalance at Cannes, he also has said that films are chosen on merit and that he opposes the idea of pro-women quotas and "positive discrimination.

KUALA LUMPUR (Reuters) - Malaysia's Prime Minister Najib Razak on Wednesday pledged to stay true to a decades-old positive discrimination policy for the country's majority ethnic group, ahead of national polls that could be called in the coming months.

Frances McDormand suggested inclusion riders in her Oscar speech — and while positive discrimination can feel like pandering to some, the data seems to suggest that waiting for the industry to catch up with the times is too complacent to work.

They will need to replace the old-guard of regulations within the banking system with an independent body of data and AI experts that can provide stringent guidelines on how to ethically train systems to avoid positive discrimination or favorability.

But UMNO clung on to its rural Malay Muslim heartlands and the votes of rank-and-file civil servants - most of whom are ethnic Malays due to a decades-old positive discrimination policy that gives them priority for government jobs.

For Lee, whose son, Lee Hsien Loong, is now prime minister, the answer to social cohesion lay in creating a culture of meritocracy, rather than adopting policies of positive discrimination to boost the chances of advancement for Singapore's Malay and Indian minorities.

The return to power of parties that lost the last election may mean renewed focus on the country's decades-old positive discrimination policy for majority Malays, who enjoyed preferential access to everything from public financing to a 30% quota for equity holdings in businesses.

Issues of minority rights may intersect with debates over historical redress For example: or over positive discrimination.

The Ezhavas are classified as an Other Backward Class by the Government of India under its system of positive discrimination.

According to the report "institutional racism" did not exist, but positive discrimination to tackle racial disadvantage was "a price worth paying".

Admissions to UoH are highly competitive. The university follows the positive-discrimination reservation system as per University Grants Commission of India guidelines.

The Mandal Commission designated the Agrahari of Bihar and Jharkhand as Other Backward Class in the Indian caste system of positive discrimination.

The Bhil are classified as a Scheduled Tribe in Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Tripura under the Indian government's reservation program of positive discrimination.

Manjhi, sometimes recorded as Majhwar and as Majhi, is a community in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, where they are classified as a Scheduled Tribe for the purposes of India's system of positive discrimination.

They are not among those groups who have noticeably suffered historically from the effects of social degradation or lack of access to opportunity, although in Maharashtra they are listed among the Other Backward Classes under India's system of positive discrimination.

Ganiga is a caste found in the state of Karnataka, India. They were originally oil pressers and also oil-mongers in the Mysore region of Karnataka. They are classified as an Other Backward Class in India's system of positive discrimination.

Libertarian perspectives on affirmative action consistently coincide with the way that libertarians view the state as a coercive power. Many libertarians believe that the state should not be used as an instrument of power in enforcing what they call positive discrimination.

People of India Gujarat Volume XXII Part One edited by R.B Lal, S.V Padmanabham & A Mohideen page 226 to 230 Popular Prakashan , the Vasava in Rajasthan were classified as a Scheduled Tribe under the Indian government's reservation program of positive discrimination.

She opposes positive discrimination to address gender imbalance, and led the argument against positive discrimination to select her party's candidates at their national party conference in 2002, wearing a pink T-shirt inscribed with the slogan, "I am not a token woman". Swinson has also called for a "wellbeing index" to be introduced, to be compared against GDP, and tabled an early day motion on the issue in 2008, gaining 50 signatures. She found support from MPs such as Vince Cable and Angela Eagle. Swinson cited the fact that although standard of living had increased, people's level of wellbeing had been virtually static for some time, according to polls.

The Kandu or Kanu are a Hindu Bania caste in India. The community was traditionally engaged in the sale of "foodstuffs and sundry eats". In 2001, they were granted the status of Other Backwards Class in the state of Uttar Pradesh under India's system of positive discrimination.

Today, the Gurjars are classified under the Other Backward Class category in some states in India. However, in Jammu and Kashmir and parts of Himachal Pradesh, they are designated as a Scheduled Tribe under the Indian government's reservation program of positive discrimination. Hindu Gurjars were assimilated into several varnas.

Kanchari is a community in Andhra Pradesh, also known as Kanchara, Kanchera and Musarlu. The community's name is derived from kanchu (bronze) and their traditional profession was bronze-making. They are part of Viswakarma group. They are classified as a Backward Class in India's system of positive discrimination.

Like the wider Bhil community, they currently practise gotra exogamy, and are endogamous.Marginal Muslim Communities in India edited by M.K.A Siddiqui pages 1 to 13 Institute of Objective Studies , the Tadvi Bhil of Rajasthan were classified as a Scheduled Tribe under the Indian government's reservation program of positive discrimination.

In 1991 in Jammu and Kashmir the Bakarwal were first recognized as an Indian Scheduled Tribe. , the Bakarwal were classified as a Scheduled Tribe under the Indian government's general reservation program of positive discrimination. They are mentioned in the Afghan National Anthem as one of the integral tribes present in Afghanistan.

31–32 The Chekavar, a warrior section within the Thiyyar community, served the army of the Chera dynasty; there were also renowned Kalaripayattu experts among Chekavars. In the present day, the Ezhavas are classified as an Other Backward Class by the Government of India under its system of positive discrimination.

Kammas and Reddys are politically dominant castes prior to the formation of Andhra Pradesh in 1956 and after. Reddys are classified as a Forward Caste in modern India's positive discrimination system. They are a politically dominant community in Andhra Pradesh, their rise having dated from the formation of the state in 1956.

McGregor-Smith is a member of and past chairman of the Women's Business Council, a working group that seeks to maximize women's contribution to economic growth. Her views on gender diversity in management have been widely reported in the mainstream media, specifically her opposition to positive discrimination in the form of quotas.

After a time as deputyAda Arnstad innstilles som ny leder i Senterungdommen ; senterungdommen.no, she had led the Senterungdommen who are opposed to the European Union since November 2016.Ada Arnstad er valgt til ny leder i Senterungdommen ; senterungdommen.no, Arnstad is a strong supporter of positive discrimination to achieve a gender balance in politics.

The Kadaiyars belong traditionally to the Marutham Sangam landscape. They are mentioned in Puram as involved in agriculture. They were one of the earliest Tamils to convert to Roman Catholicism along with the Paravars under Francis Xavier. , the Kadaiyar were a listed as a Scheduled Caste in Tamil Nadu under India's system of positive discrimination.

Reservation as a form of positive discrimination should be welcomed for the national interest. But this shouldn't mean reducing the opportunity for the general categories. Government should try to accommodate all by creating more number of educational institutions. Some people consider the additional procedures for admission into the IITs as unnecessary and counter-productive.

According to the 2011 Census of India, Dullar had a population of 1254. Males and females constituted 51.36 per cent and 48.64 per cent respectively of the population. Literacy at that time was 56.7 per cent. People classified as Scheduled Castes under India's system of positive discrimination accounted for 43.3 per cent of the population.

Yıldırım also presided over privatisation of the state commercial ferry services, with the newspaper Yeni Şafak, although currently pro-government, alleging that Yıldırım had given unlawful concessions to TAV Airports Holding in 2012 when the Holding was purchasing İDO from the state. In 2015, Yıldırım announced plans to introduce positive discrimination for women mariners.

"This award is the type of action which the Commission supports and recommends", he said. Davies rejected "positive discrimination" and said he believed in "true equality". In May 2018, Davies said that police stop and search numbers had reduced dramatically as a result of "politically correct chatter". He said that black people are "more likely to be murderers".

According to the 2011 Census of India, Bashla had a population of 634 and a total area of 2.24 km2. Males and females constituted 50.79 per cent and 49.21 per cent respectively of the population. Literacy at that time was 70.66 per cent. People classified as Scheduled Castes under India's system of positive discrimination accounted for 39.75 per cent of the population.

Shareef is a Muslim of Punjabi heritage. He refuses to label himself as an "ethnic comedian", and has written about his objection to positive discrimination. He has described his comedy as "neither left-wing nor right- wing" and cites George Carlin, Omid Djalili and Bill Hicks as influences. Shareef has been called "one of the bad boys of British comedy".

According to the 2011 Census of India, Barel had a population of 27,207 and a total area of . Males and females constituted 54.83 per cent and 45.17 per cent respectively of the population. Literacy at that time was 73.86 per cent. People classified as Scheduled Castes under India's system of positive discrimination accounted for 13.34 per cent of the population.

No place for French Muslims on party list, Jon Henley, The Guardian, February 13, 2004. In 2004, he published Discrimination positive, pourquoi la France ne peut y échapper (Positive discrimination, why France cannot escape from it) with his brother Yacine, a journalist.Discrimination positive: Pourquoi la France ne peut y échapper, Equall.fr.Discrimination positive: Pourquoi la France ne peut y échapper on Google Books.

According to the 2011 Census of India, Borani had a population of 863 and a total area of 7.33 km2. Males and females constituted 51.45 per cent and 48.55 per cent respectively of the population. Literacy rate at that time was 35.69 per cent. People classified as scheduled tribes under India's system of positive discrimination accounted for 45.42 per cent of the population.

The Kol people are a tribe in Uttar Pradesh, India, who migrated there from central India around five centuries ago. Mostly landless and dependent on forest produce to make a living, they are Hindus and are designated a Scheduled Caste under India's system of positive discrimination. The tribe has several exogamous clans, including the Barawire, Bhil, Chero, Monasi, Rautia, Rojaboria and Thaluria. They speak the Baghelkhandi dialect.

The Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950 lists 1,108 castes across 28 states in its First Schedule, and the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950 lists 744 tribes across 22 states in its First Schedule. Since the independence of India, the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes were given Reservation status, guaranteeing political representation. The Constitution lays down the general principles of positive discrimination for SCs and STs.

Aderca was similarly troubled by philosemitism. He believed that positive discrimination was counterproductive, and favored race blindness: "When [an intellectual] secretly confesses philosemitism, all of a sudden I have a hunch. I would prefer to know he is indifferent."Oișteanu, p.22-23 Looking back on Romanian antisemitism, Aderca sided with other Jewish thinkers who looked favorably on ethno-nationalists such as Mihai Eminescu.

On proposal of SRS the electoral boards has changed the electoral rules for the minority parties, which now need the standard 10,000 signatures instead of privileged 3,000. This has caused an outbreak of public protest amongst Roma and Albanian minorities, who consider this a scandalous removal of positive discrimination of the national minorities, as it opens the question whether they could accumulate that many signatures in time.

They are listed as a Scheduled Tribe for the purpose of India's system of positive discrimination. They are an Adivasi group (indigenous people) of India The Gond are also known as the Raj Gond. The term was widely used in the 1950s, but has now become almost obsolete, probably because of the political eclipse of the Gond Rajas. The Gondi language is closely related to Telugu.

Orientalist Constructions of India. Modern Asian Studies, 20(3), 401–446. Madura, India in 1837, which confirms the popular perception and nature of caste as Jati, before the British made it applicable only to Hindus grouped under the varna categories from the 1901 census onwards. Upon independence from Britain, the Indian Constitution listed 1,108 castes across the country as Scheduled Castes in 1950, for positive discrimination.

According to the 2011 Census of India, Panjeta had a population of 1761. Males and females constituted 52.13 per cent and 47.87 per cent respectively of the population. Literacy at that time was 73.94 per cent, which was lower than the state average of 76.75 per cent. People classified as Scheduled Castes under India's system of positive discrimination accounted for 32.65 per cent of the population.

Ezhuthachan(, , '), also known as Kadupattan(, , ') is a caste native to the Indian state of Kerala. It is classified as an Other Backward Class by the Government of India under its system of positive discrimination. They mainly belong to the districts of Kozhikode, Malappuram, Palakkad and Thrissur of Kerala, has also presence outside and other parts of India. There are more people in the teaching sector in the community.

According to the 2011 Census of India, Chikkajala had a population of 6,154 and a total area of 2.52 km2. Males and females constituted 55.72 per cent and 44.28 per cent respectively of the population. Literacy at that time was 76.97 per cent. People classified as Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes under India's system of positive discrimination accounted for 25.33 per cent and 3.67 per cent respectively of the population.

Saharanwas is a village in Rewari district, Haryana, India. It is situated from the city of Rewari, on the Narnaul-Mahendragarh road. A report published in 2003 described the village as "large", with around 600 households and 2000 voters present. In the same year, the majority of the population were listed as being Scheduled Caste in the Indian system intended to aid positive discrimination in the spheres of employment and education.

Jatav, also known as Jatava/ Jatan/ Jatua/ Jatia, is an Indian social group that are considered to be a part of the Chamar sub-caste, one of the untouchable communities (now often termed Dalit), who are classified as a Scheduled Caste under modern India's system of positive discrimination. According to the 2011 Census of India, the Jatav community of Uttar Pradesh comprised 54% of that state's total 22,496,047 Scheduled Caste population.

Ambedkar himself believed Walangkar to be the progenitor. Another early social reformer who worked to improve conditions for Dalits was Jyotirao Phule (1827-1890). The 1950 Constitution of India, introduced after the country gained independence, included measures to improve the socioeconomic conditions of Dalits. Aside from banning untouchability, these included the reservation system, a means of positive discrimination that created the classifications of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes for Dalits.

Today, the government of India does not treat the Nair community as a single entity. It classifies some, such as the Illathu and Swaroopathu Nairs, as a forward caste but other sections, such as the Veluthedathu, Vilakkithala and Andhra Nairs, as Other Backward Classes. These classifications are for the purpose of determining which groups of people in certain areas are subject to positive discrimination policies for the purposes of education and employment.

186 As noted in 1935 by the Bulgarian-Romanian paper Dobrudzhanski Glas, the proposal effectively meant that the FR could never recruit members from among the minorities."Les Bulgares de Roumanie et M. Vaida-Voevode", in Glasul Minorităților, Issue 4/1935, pp. 90–91 Numerus Valachicus replicated Guardist tactics, but did so in a positive discrimination manner, one not ostensibly antisemitic.Berți, pp. 144–145, 146, 147–148, 150, 152; Heinen, pp. 242, 249, 273, 298.

The then Shadow Education Secretary Damian Green accused the government of trying to "fiddle admissions for political ends". Liberal Democrat MP Phil Willis said that "social engineering is coming ahead of merit and the development of talent." Sir Howard Newby chief- executive of the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE), the university funding body argued that Bristol's admissions policies were fair and accused sections of the media of becoming involved in a "moral panic" over positive discrimination.

On 16 October 2009 Lauvergeon addressed journalists outside the "Women’s Forum" organised in Deauville. She declared: "To be clear, with same competences, sorry, we will choose the woman or something else rather than the white male." She said these words during the France 2 evening news. L'extrême droite critique Lauvergeon This statement generated reaction and was chosen as an example by Éric Zemmour and Marine Le Pen to explain that positive discrimination was a kind of racism.

Quota systems favouring certain castes and other communities existed before independence in several areas of British India. Demands for various forms of positive discrimination had been made, for example, in 1882 and 1891. Shahu, the Maharaja of the princely state of Kolhapur, introduced reservation in favor of non-Brahmin and backward classes, much of which came into force in 1902. He provided free education to everyone and opened several hostels to make it easier for them to receive it.

Malaysia is a multi–ethnic country, with Malays making up the majority—close to 52% of the 28 million population. About 30% of the population are Chinese Malaysians (Malaysians of Chinese descent), and Indian Malaysians (Malaysians of Indian descent) comprise about 10% of the population. Government policies of positive discrimination often favour the Malay majority with Bumiputra status, particularly in areas such as housing, finance and education. Such policies are protected by article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia.

This incident again affirmed the low status of women in the Rajput community and the leaders of this pro-sati movement gained in political terms. The Rajputs, in states such as Madhya Pradesh are today considered to be a Forward Caste in India's system of positive discrimination. This means that they have no access to reservations here. But they are classified as an Other Backward Class by the National Commission for Backward Classes in the state of Karnataka.

The Age Discrimination Act 2004 is an Act of the Parliament of Australia that prohibits age discrimination in many areas including employment, education, accommodation and the provision of goods and services. Persons of any age can be discriminated against within the meaning of the act. Some exemptions are provided, including for religious organisations, charitable organisations and positive discrimination. Complaints of discrimination must first be made to the Australian Human Rights Commission (AHRC), where a conciliation process can be initiated.

Initially the party leader Neil Kinnock was said to have welcomed the idea, and in 1983, a composite motion (several CLPs had submitted Black Sections-supporting resolutions) setting out a framework for implementation by the National Executive Committee (NEC) was debated at party conference and then sent to the NEC for further consideration. After this, the NEC set up a "Positive Discrimination" working party to investigate the demand for Black Sections, which, recommended that they be made official, following its wide-ranging consultation among Constituency Labour Parties (CLPs), trade unions and socialist societies throughout the country, which favoured Black Sections, by a four to one majority. Positive discrimination were the preferred words of the influential left-wing Campaign for Labour Party Democracy, which had helped draft early Black Sections resolutions and circulated them among its extensive network of CLPs. Labour deputy leader Roy Hattersley, who was MP for the Birmingham Sparkbrook, UK, constituency with a large Asian party membership he feared would replace him if they were allowed to get organised, was bitterly against Black Sections.

Chamar is a dalit community classified as a Scheduled Caste under modern India's system of positive discrimination. Historically subject to untouchability, they were traditionally outside the Hindu ritual ranking system of castes known as varna. They are found throughout the Indian subcontinent, mainly in the northern states of India and in Pakistan and Nepal. Ramnarayan Rawat posits that the association of the Chamar community with a traditional occupation of tanning was constructed, and that the Chamars were instead historically agriculturists.

He later died in a battle between Sharanas and the army of Bijjala II at Kakkeri, in Belagavi district. It is from this myth that synonyms for Dhor include Kakkayya and Kankayya. Although the umbrella term Dalit has been claimed by various untouchable communities as a means to define themselves, in Maharashtra the Dhor are among the communities that prefer to be known instead by their caste name. The Dhor are classed as a Scheduled Caste in India's system of positive discrimination.

The BESIX Foundation operates in the sectors of the environment (renewable energies, waste treatment), education (literacy, vocational training) and construction (access to housing, sustainable construction). Created in 2009, it supports existing non-profit organizations, either through project financing or through skills provision. The BESIX Foundation also developed its own projects, including KiddyBuild and Right 2 Learn. Right 2 Learn organizes computer training for workers in the Middle East, while KiddyBuild organizes presentations on construction trades for students in positive discrimination schools in Belgium.

The Gamalla are an Indian caste whose traditional occupation was that of toddy tapping. They also produced and sold the arrack. The Gamalla community of Andhra Pradesh and the then Madras State was classified by the First Backward Classes Commission as an Other Backward Class in India's positive discrimination system for socio-economically deprived communities. Those of Puducherry were similarly classified by the Second Backward Classes Commission, and in both cases they were listed with the Gouds and the Kalalis.

In 2008, The New York Times reported that some individuals avoid genetic testing out of fear that it will would impede their ability to purchase insurance or find a job. They also reported that evidence of actual discrimination was rare. In November 2016 insurance company GWG Life was found to be collecting saliva samples in order to offer lower rates to people who are epigenetically healthier than others of their age. While this is positive discrimination, this does suggest future potential classification of clients by genetic data.

Small private companies were encouraged, protectionist import restrictions were loosened, and the government reduced positive discrimination (affirmative action), to encourage free market trade and to force the chaebol to be more aggressive abroad. Daewoo responded by establishing a number of joint ventures with U.S. and European companies. It expanded exports of machine tools, defense products (under the S&T; Daewoo company), aerospace interests, and semiconductor design and manufacturing. Eventually, it began to build civilian helicopters and airplanes, priced considerably cheaper than those produced by its U.S. counterparts.

Discrimination law is "blind" in that motive is irrelevant to discrimination and both minorities or majorities could make discrimination claims if they suffer less favourable treatment. Positive discrimination (or "affirmative action" as it is known in the US) to fill up diversity quotas, or for any other purpose, is prohibited throughout Europe, because it violates the principle of equal treatment just as much as negative discrimination. There is, however, a large exception. Suppose an employer is hiring new staff, and they have 2 applications where the applicants are equally qualified for the job.

Some in the Thiyya community have objected to being treated as Ezhava by the government of Kerala. They have campaigned for the right to record themselves as Thiyya rather than as Ezhava when applying for official posts and other jobs allocated under India's system of positive discrimination. They claim that the stance of the government is contrary to a principle established by the Supreme Court of India relating to a dispute involving communities who were neither Ezhava nor Thiyya. The Thiyya Mahasabha has also opposed the SNDP's use of the Thiyya name at an event.

Jadav is a caste of India who are classified as an Other Backwards Class in the country's system of positive discrimination. They have a presence in the states of Gujarat and Rajasthan. The Jadav claim to a Rajput heritage, and thus to be kshatriya in the traditional varna ritual ranking system of Hinduism, is rejected by most other Rajput communities. Their endogamy, which is commonly thought to be an implicit feature of Indian castes, is a recent development, according to Ghanshyam Shah; they previously practised hypergamy by marrying their women with Rajputs.

The order only applied to members of the Army Reserve or who had enlisted for the duration of the Emergency; pre-war soldiers who deserted remained liable to court-martial.Canny 1999, p.246 Canny lists four motivations for the order: as positive discrimination for those who had remained in the Defence Forces; to deter future desertions; to allow deserters to return to Ireland; and to provide a simpler, cheaper alternative to courts-martial. A list of personnel affected by the order was maintained by the government; it was published in 2011.

Munnuru Kapu is a caste in Telangana, India. Prior to the establishment of Telangana as a state separate from that of Andhra Pradesh, of which previously it had been a region, there were four different Kapu communities in the various districts of Andhra Pradesh, being the Munnuru in Telangana itself, the Toorpu in the areas of Srikakulam, Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam, the Balija in Rayalaseema and those known simply as Kapu in the Godavari districts, Guntur and Krishna. Together with the Tooru Kapus, the Munnurus were already designated an Other Backwards Class in India's system of positive discrimination.

Affirmative Action Policy is to ensure the peace and stability in the pluralist society of Malaysia.It was found to address Malay grievances.The government introduced a number of policies to improve the condition of the Bumiputeras in all sectors of life.In 1971 the New Economic Policy was launched, effectively imposing a regime of positive discrimination for Malays in a variety of sectors from education and business to the bureaucracy. Later revisions of this, such as the New Development Plan (1991-2000) as well as the New Vision Policy (2000-2010),all targeted the promotion of the local Malay population.

Following the reduction in female MPs after the 2001 general election and increased lobbying by gender equality advocates, Labour introduced the Sex Discrimination (Election Candidates) Act 2002, which allows parties to use positive discrimination in the selection of candidates. They were to remain legalised until the end of 2015, due to the "Sunset Clause", but that deadline was extended to 2030 as part of the Equality Act 2010. In contrast, the Liberal Democrats rejected a proposal to use AWS in 2001; suggesting such shortlists were illiberal and unnecessary. Prominent women MPs of the party opposed the use of all-women shortlists.

A Speaker's conference was set up in 2008 to study the reasons why MPs were predominantly White, male and able-bodied. An interim report released in July 2009 called for women to make up at least 50% of new candidates at the following general election. However, all-women shortlists continued to elicit criticism. Conservative Ann Widdecombe criticised the use of AWS stating that women in the past who fought for equality such as the Suffragettes "wanted equal opportunities not special privileges" and "they would have thrown themselves under the King's horse to protest against positive discrimination and all-women shortlists".

There were proposals in 2013 that the community in the state should be reclassified as Scheduled Castes under India's system of positive discrimination; this would have involved declassifying them from the Other Backwards Class (OBC) category. Whether or not this would happen was a significant issue in the campaign for the 2014 Indian general election. They are among 17 OBC communities that were again proposed for Scheduled Caste status by the Samajwadi Party-controlled Government of Uttar Pradesh. However, this proposal, which relates to votebank politics, has been stayed by the courts; the prior attempt had been rejected by the India.

The Romanian Front (, FR) was a moderate fascist party created in Romania in 1935. Led by former Prime Minister Alexandru Vaida-Voevod, it originated as a right-wing splinter group from the mainstream National Peasants' Party (PNȚ). While in power, Vaida had an ambiguous approach to the Iron Guard, and constructed his own radical ideology; the FR had a generally xenophobic program of positive discrimination, being implicitly (and eventually explicitly) antisemitic. It was subsumed to the policies of King Carol II, maneuvering between the mainstream National Liberals, the PNȚ's left-wing, and the more radically fascist Guardists.

Although Gujarat is a "dry" state, the Rathwas also traditionally consider alcohol to be a gift from god that alleviates temporal sorrows while awaiting death, and will travel to smuggle it from neighbouring states or brew it in their own homes. Government agencies have struggled to define the Rathwa, whom Ratnagar says were not separately recorded from the Kolis until the census of 1971. However, Lal's paper notes population figures from 1961, which was also a census year. The community is classified as a Scheduled Tribe in three states under India's system of positive discrimination, those being Gujarat, Karnataka and Maharashtra.

Under Article 15(3), the Constitution of India allows for positive discrimination in favor of women. The article, under right to equality, states that: "Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any special provision for women and children." In addition, the Directive Principles of State Policy 39(A) states that: "The State shall, in particular, direct its policy towards securing that the citizens, men and women equally, have the right to an adequate means of livelihood." The Rashtriya Mahila Kosh (National Credit Fund for Women)was set up in 1993 to make credit available for lower income women in India.

First sluggish, but it intensified in the 1980s, and in the 1990s the programs of Islamization (dakwah) began where specially trained Muslim missionaries operate in indigenous communities, and in prayer halls (surau) that were opened in each village. As part of the dakwah program, policy of "positive discrimination" for newly converted Muslims was also implemented by rewarding of material goods, benefits in the field of education and promotion in the civil service. The purpose of this policy was to facilitate the assimilation of the Orang Asli into the Malay community. However, the results of the dakwah were not impressive.

Gandhi achieved some success through his hunger strike. Dalit activists faced pressure from the Hindu population at large to end his protest at the risk of his ailing health. The two sides eventually came to a compromise where the number of guaranteed seats for Untouchables would be increased at both central and provincial levels, but there would be a common electorate. The 1950 national constitution of India legally abolished the practice of untouchability and provided measures for positive discrimination in both educational institutions and public services for Dalits and other social groups who lie within the caste system.

2, 1 September 2005. # The right granted to Jews along with their relatives under the Law does not necessarily or automatically discriminate against non-Jews, but is a form of "positive" discrimination. Israel has residency and citizenship laws for non- Jews that are equivalent to those in other liberal democracies. Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America (CAMERA) argues that the Law of Return is consistent with Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination Article I(3), which CAMERA says allows for preferential immigration treatment of some groups without discrimination against a particular group.

Overall, a majority of conservatives support tax-cuts and other laissez-faire (reduced governmental interference) policies, oppose same-sex marriage, oppose abortion, oppose stricter gun control laws on the grounds of the Second Amendment and public safety and favor increased military spending as opposed to other federal expenditures. Conservatives tend to favor racial color-blindness and oppose affirmative action/positive discrimination quotas. Nationalist conservatives are more likely to allow torture on suspected terrorists for interrogation while some social conservatives oppose secularism and atheism in public schools. Conservatives tend to favor state governments over the federal, reserving the federal for matters of national security.

Unlike many genera that can be described by commonalities inherited exclusively from their common ancestor, the classification of a species as being in the genus Loligo is not based on positive discrimination. The only positive distinction is not based on any form of inheritance and has to do with its Eastern Atlantic distribution. Other than this, the grounds for grouping a squid in this taxon is exclusively based on its lacking of characteristics that would put it in another taxon. Thus all squid in Loligo have rhomboidal fins as adults, elongated mantles, fins whose length exceeds their breadth, and lack photophores, but all other squid genera do as well.

However, it could also come from dhanush, meaning bow, which may reflect a historic association with that weapon. Tribal people - as agriculturists and hunters - historically carried bows with them everywhere. Anthropologist Megan Moodie says that their history and culture is poorly documented and that what does exist "tend[s] to be brief and stress their 'insignificance' and lowness". She notes that they are a sub-tribe of the Bhil people, that they are today found throughout much of western India, and that there has been much official confusion regarding their identity, which has tended to impact on their position as a Scheduled Tribe (ST) entitled to various positive discrimination benefits.

He stated that the tax would be "a small gesture towards reconciliation and redress". He criticised the FW de Klerk Foundation for rejecting the idea of a reparations tax, and for saying in a media statement that it would be unconstitutional to do so, writing on his blog: "Such measures are not 'reverse discrimination' or 'positive discrimination' but are rather 'integral to the reach of our equality protection'". In November 2015, De Vos wrote several articles arguing in favour of a change to the language policy at the University of Stellenbosch to eradicate the indirect racial discrimination imposed by the use of Afrikaans at the University.

Sumption said that an attempt to rapidly achieve gender equality in the Supreme Court through quotas or positive discrimination could end up discouraging male applicants and so "have appalling consequences for justice". Sumption has been described as "conservative neo-liberal and libertarian." He has criticised the historical curriculum in English schools as "appallingly narrow", warning that by forcing English schoolchildren to study 1918–1945 in isolation they "are being taught about Germany and Europe during its most aberrant period". Sumption has written about his concerns regarding law and order and the justice system, most notably in his book Trials of the State: Law and the Decline of Politics (2019).

He continued his criminal activities while a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA), leading a notorious sectarian gang, described by the Hindustan Times as a "private army", during the 1990s. The gang attacked people who supported reservation, which is India's system of positive discrimination for disadvantaged socio-economic communities. It ran riot until challenged by the rival gang of Pappu Yadav, at which time the situation in the Kosi area descended into a state akin to civil war. When the JD appeared to be aligning itself in support of the Mandal Commission, which proposed to further extend the reservation system, Singh decided to break away.

On 30 January 2011, he wrote a comment piece for The Sunday Times on the implementation of the Equality Act. Raab argued for a meritocratic approach against positive discrimination and highlighted the lower standard of human rights protections in extradition cases compared to deportation cases. In an article in January 2011 on the Politics Home website, Raab argued in favour of transferable paternity leave and against "the equality bandwagon" "pitting men and women against each other". He argued in favour of a consistent approach to sexism against men and women commenting that some feminists were "now amongst the most obnoxious bigots" and it was sexist to blame men for the recession.

His actions are often criticised because of his use of television and the media. This, along with the relaxing of rules allowing the deportation of foreign offenders, and his declarations of support for positive discrimination and the participation of legal immigrants in local elections, has angered some suburban residents. However, Nicolas Sarkozy was the one to propose to expel all foreigners involved in the riots, which amounted to reinstate the "double penalty", a decision which has been widely criticized, for example by NGO SOS Racisme. On Wednesday, October 19, Sarkozy announced a crackdown on urban violence and black marketeers, ordering specially trained police to tackle 25 neighbourhoods across the country .

Scheduled Castes is the official term for Dalits in the opinion of India's National Commissions for Scheduled Castes (NCSC), who took legal advice that indicated modern legislation does not refer to Dalit and that therefore, it says, it is "unconstitutional" for official documents to do so. In 2004, the NCSC noted that some state governments used Dalits rather than Scheduled Castes in documentation and asked them to desist. Some sources say that Dalit encompasses a broader range of communities than the official Scheduled Caste definition. It can include nomadic tribes and another official classification that also originated with the British Raj positive discrimination efforts in 1935, being the Scheduled Tribes.

The process of amelioration of caste distinctions by various social reform movements were overtaken by the events of 1947. With independence from Britain came the Indian constitution, and Article 15 of that document outlawed discrimination on the grounds of caste and race.Constitution. Myron Weiner has said that the ideological basis for caste "... may be (almost, but not quite) moribund"Weiner (2001), p. 195. and that: Weiner points out that despite the ideological demise: Despite being outlawed, the Indian governments – both at national and at regional level – do still recognise distinctions between the various communities but this recognition is for the purpose of positive discrimination.

In 1947, the fisheries became a monopoly of the new independent Indian government. , Paravars were classified as a Most backward caste in most of Tamil Nadu and as a Scheduled caste in Kanniyakumari District and Shenkottai taluk of Tirunelveli District by the Government of Tamil Nadu. In 2009 the government of Tamil Nadu issued an order designating Christian Paravars within its jurisdiction as being of the Most Backward Classes (MBC), a designation regarding their socio-economic status which entitles them to various assistance measures, primarily in the form of positive discrimination, if they should require it. Prior to that decision, some Paravars in the jurisdiction had been in the Scheduled caste group, although others were already MBC.

He maintains personal contact with senior members of the party, including former Prime Minister David Cameron. ICAP and Spencer have made £4.6m in donations to the party although Spencer was critical of the May government's business policies; he has not donated to the party since the 2017 UK general election. Spencer was nominated for a peerage in Cameron's resignation honours list for charity fundraising and service to the Conservative Party while its treasurer, but reportedly, his nomination was blocked by the Cabinet Office. Spencer has been reported to favour positive discrimination employment policies for women but is against gender-based employment quotas since he believes that they wrongly presuppose prejudice by all male employers.

Burbidge left the RGO in 1974, fifteen months after joining, due to controversy over moving the Isaac Newton Telescope from RGO headquarters at Herstmonceux Castle to Roque de los Muchachos Observatory in the Canary Islands. Burbidge campaigned in opposition to discrimination against women in astronomy and was also opposed to positive discrimination. In 1972 she turned down the Annie J. Cannon Award of the American Astronomical Society (AAS) because it was awarded to women only: "It is high time that discrimination in favor of, as well as against, women in professional life be removed". Her letter declining the prize caused the AAS to set up its first committee on the status of women in astronomy.

Johnson had always been aware that her colour and education were an advantage within the force, and that they had led to her promotion in the climate of positive discrimination rather than on her real ability to do the job. This didn't mean that she was incompetent, but like a lot of the fast track promotions, she lacked a lot of basic ground experience. She put in the hours and got her hands dirty, but always found it difficult to accept that she was in charge now, and not one of the lads. And if there was an inner core of loneliness beneath the ambitious exterior, she took care to keep it hidden.

The company also produces two blends, Té Bheag nan Eilean ("small dram of the islands") and Mac na Mara (the "Son of the Sea"). Although not a native Gaelic speaker Noble became an enthusiastic learner of the language and used his position as landowner to support the language, introducing an employment policy of positive discrimination in favour of Gaelic speakers. He was directly responsible for the erection of the first Gaelic road signs in Scotland, and the holder of the first ever Gaelic cheque book, issued for him by the Bank of Scotland. Noble was the original founder of the Gaelic medium college Sabhal Mòr Ostaig which is located in Sleat, Skye.

The main provisions of the regulations are to make direct and indirect discrimination against an employee or potential employee on the grounds of religion unlawful. They also make it unlawful to discriminate by way of victimization, or to harass an employee on grounds of religious belief. The regulations also extend to cover providers and of vocational training in relation to those undergoing training for any employment, and to those acting as employment agencies and giving careers advice. There are exceptions for genuine occupational requirements, for national security, and for positive discrimination for overcoming disadvantages pertaining to adherents of a religious belief or to encourage religious adherents to take advantage of opportunities for work.

The Dhimar are a caste in India, sometimes referred to as a subcaste of boatmen. Communities that are related to the Dhimar by occupation in Uttar Pradesh include the Bind, Bhar, Dhinwar, Dhewar, Gariya, Gaur, Godia, Gond, Jhimar, Jhir, Jhinwar, Jhiwar, Kahar, Keot, Kewat, Kharwar, Khairwar, Kumhar, Machua, Majhi, Majhwar, Mallah, Nishad, Rajbhar, Tura, Turah, Turaha, Tureha and Turaiha. There were proposals in 2013 that some or all of these communities in the state should be reclassified as Scheduled Castes under India's system of positive discrimination; this would have involved declassifying them from the Other Backwards Class category. Whether or not this would happen was a significant issue in the campaign for the 2014 Indian general election.

The Student Equity policy directly refers to the concerns of the disproportionate student body. These policies came out of the passing of three particular reports and acts: The White Paper on Higher Education; the Higher Education Act; the National Plan on Higher Education. The equity policy aims to promote equality of access through positive discrimination in admissions, or affirmative action, aiming to admit and matriculate students from underrepresented backgrounds, as well as a promotion of equality in outcomes by providing support to students once they are on campus. Similarly, the University is also attempting to diversify the faculty, especially in regards to the number of tenured faculty of color and women of color.

The Jhinwar is a caste found in the states of Punjab and Uttar Pradesh in India. Traditionally, the Jhinwar community found in Punjab , Uttar Pradesh and haryan was associated with occupations such as boating, carrying water and river fishing. Communities that are related to the Jhinwar by occupation in Uttar Pradesh include the Batham, Bind, Bhar, Dhewar, Dhimar, Gariya, Gaur, Godia, Gond, Guria, Jhimar, Jhir, Jhiwar, Kahar, Kashyap, Keot, Kewat, Kharwar, Khairwar, Kumhar, Machua, Majhi, Majhwar, Mallah, Nishad, Prajapati, Rajbhar, Riakwar, Tura, Turah, Turaha, Tureha and Turaiha. There were proposals in 2013 that some or all of these communities in the state should be reclassified as Scheduled Castes under India's system of positive discrimination; this would have involved declassifying them from the Other Backwards Class category.

Until that important court case, it was generally accepted that a female rape victim, unlike the victims of other crimes, had to show that she had put up "heroic resistance" in order to prove that she had not enticed the rapist or otherwise encouraged him to attack her. In recent years, the role of women has largely increased in Spain, especially in politics but also in the labor market and other public areas. New laws have officially eliminated all kinds of discrimination, and are even perceived by some as positive discrimination, but a conservative part of the society is still ingrained in the macho culture. Anyway, Spanish women are quickly approaching their European counterparts, and the younger generations perceive machismo as outdated.

She believes that positive discrimination measures and gains as a consequence of land reform legislation have been important factors in at least some areas. Lucia Michelutti notes that J. S. Alter notes that in North India the majority of the wrestlers are of the Yadav caste. He explains this as being due to their involvement in the milk business and dairy farms, which thus provides easy access to the milk and ghee deemed to be essential to a good diet. Although the Yadavs have formed a fairly significant proportion of the population in various areas, including 11% of that of Bihar in 1931, their interest in pastoral activities was not traditionally matched by ownership of land and consequently they were not a "dominant caste".

Rt Hon Lynne Featherstone MP launches 16 days of activism for the elimination of violence against women with the Minister of Gender and Child Development, Inonge Wina MP, in Zambia in November 2012. Under the Conservative – Liberal Democrat coalition in 2010 she was appointed as a Minister in the Home Office as Parliamentary Under- Secretary for Criminal Information and Equalities. Equalities. Featherstone caused waves by pre-announcing her appointment prior to the official announcement in the expectation of forcing compromises from the Tories regarding her policy "aims", despite Home Secretary Theresa May being noted for not favouring homosexual equality. In December 2010, Featherstone introduced a move that would allow positive discrimination which is primarily aimed at addressing female under-representation in the workforce.

Until that important court case, it was generally accepted that a female rape victim, unlike the victims of other crimes, had to show that she had put up "heroic resistance" in order to prove that she had not enticed the rapist or otherwise encouraged him to attack her. In recent years, the role of women has largely increased in Spain, especially in politics but also in the labor market and other public areas. New laws have officially eliminated all kinds of discrimination, and are even perceived by some as positive discrimination, but a Conservative part of the society is still ingrained in the macho culture. Even so, Spanish women are quickly approaching their European counterparts, and the younger generations perceive machismo as outdated.

The team has had success with batsmen like Herschelle Gibbs, who was one of the sport's most dominating batsmen, all-rounders like Jacques Kallis and Shaun Pollock, the former being one of the greatest all rounders of the game, and bowlers such as Makhaya Ntini, who reached number two in the ICC Player Rankings in 2006. Dale Steyn is currently ranked as one of the best test bowlers, and former captain Graeme Smith was one of the most dominant left- handed batsmen in recent world cricket history. Wicketkeeper Mark Boucher has the world record for the most dismissals for a wicketkeeper. Kevin Pietersen, who is white, left the country claiming that he was put at a disadvantage by positive discrimination, and within a few years became one of the world's top batsmen, playing for England.

Communities that are related to the Bhar by occupation in Uttar Pradesh include the Batham, Bind, Dhimar, Dhinwar, Dhewar, Gariya, Gaur, Godia, Gond, Guria, Jhimar, Jhir, Jhinwar, Jhiwar, Kahar, Kashyap, Keot, Kewat, Kharwar, Khairwar, Kumhar, Machua, Majhi, Majhwar, Mallah, Nishad, Prajapati, Rajbhar, Riakwar, Tura, Turah, Turaha, Tureha and Turaiha. There were proposals in 2013 that some or all of these communities in the state should be reclassified as Scheduled Castes under India's system of positive discrimination; this would have involved declassifying them from the Other Backwards Class (OBC) category. Whether or not this would happen was a significant issue in the campaign for the 2014 Indian general election. They are among 17 OBC communities that were again proposed for Scheduled Caste status by the Samajwadi Party-controlled Government of Uttar Pradesh.

Her appointment was accompanied by the appointments of Andrew Cheung and Beverley McLachlin. The appointment was gazetted by the Chief Executive of Hong Kong Carrie Lam and took effect 30 July 2018 for a three-year term. In December 2018, during an interview to mark the centenary of the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919, Lady Hale argued that the judiciary needed to become more diverse so that the public have greater confidence in judges. Hale called for a more balanced gender representation on the UK's highest court and swifter progress promoting those from minority ethnic backgrounds and with “less privileged lives”. However, Hale objected to the idea of positive discrimination because “no one wants to feel they have got the job in any way other than on their own merits”.

However this was not done in previous borders, for example, the historic homeland of lower Terek, Naursky and Schyolkovsky districts were incorporated into the Chechen-Ingush ASSR, whilst the Kizlyar district was passed onto Dagestan. Old problems of land ownership quickly resurfaced, and many returning Chechens and Ingush, forbidden to re-settle in the mountains, were settled in Cossack stanitsas. The politics of Stagnationed USSR towards titular nations was also two-faced, on one hand all signs of nationalism were repressed, on the other hand Soviet authorities actively encouraged assignation of jobs and selection to the minorities rather than Russians. As a result, of the positive discrimination and better economic prospects in other regions of the USSR, many Russians migrated from the Northern Caucasus to other regions, such as the Tselina, Russian Far East and the Baltic Republics.

"Indirect discrimination" is also unlawful, and this exists when an employer applies a policy to their workplace that affects everyone equally, but it has a disparate impact on a greater proportion of people of one group with a protected characteristic than another, and there is no good business justification for that practice. Disability differs from other protected characteristics in that employers are under a positive duty to make reasonable adjustments to their workplace to accommodate the needs of disabled staff. For age, belief, sex, race, gender reassignment and sexuality there is generally no positive obligation to promote equality, and positive discrimination is generally circumscribed by the principle that merit must be regarded as the most important characteristic of a person. In the field of equal pay between men and women, the rules differ in the scope for comparators.

In the post-colonial period, according to Michelutti, it was the process of yadavisation and the concentration on two core aims – increasing the demographic coverage and campaigning for improved protection under the positive discrimination scheme for Backward Classes – that has been a singular feature of the AIYM, although it continues its work in other areas such as promotion of vegetarianism and teetotalism. Their proposals have included measures designed to increase the number of Yadavs employed or selected by political and public organisations on the grounds of their numerical strength, including as judges, government ministers and regional governors. By 2003 the AIYM had expanded to cover seventeen states and Michelutti believed it to be the only organisation of its type that crossed both linguistic and cultural lines. It continues to update its literature, including websites, to further its belief that all claimed descendants of Krishna are Yadav.

In more recent times, the All-India Kashyap Rajput Mahasabha pressure group was established prior to the 1941 census of British India to lobby the census authorities to record the caste as Kashyap Rajput rather than by any other name. Communities that are related to the Kashyap by occupation in Uttar Pradesh include the Batham, Bind, Bhar, Dhimar, Dhinwar, Dhewar, Gariya, Gaur, Godia, Gond, Guria, Jhimar, Jhir, Jhinwar, Jhiwar, Kahar, Keot, Kewat, Kharwar, Khairwar, Kumhar, Machua, Majhi, Majhwar, Mallah, Nishad, Prajapati, Rajbhar, Raikwar, Tura, Turah, Turaha, Tureha and Turaiha. There were proposals in 2013 that some or all of these communities in the state should be reclassified as Scheduled Castes under India's system of positive discrimination; this would have involved declassifying them from the Other Backwards Class category. Whether or not this would happen was a significant issue in the campaign for the 2014 Indian general election.

Gail Omvedt, An open letter to > Bangaru Laxman - II, The Hindu, 2000. Omvedt posits that Hindutva groups foster an ethnic definition of Hinduism based on geography, ancestry and heritage in order to create a solidarity amongst various castes, despite the prevalence of caste-based discrimination.Gail Omvedt, Hindutva and ethnicity, The Hindu, Feb 25, 2003 Omvedt endorsed the stand taken by Dalit activists at the 2001 World Conference Against Racism that caste discrimination is similar to racism in regarding discriminated groups as "biologically inferior and socially dangerous". She has called the United States a "racist country" and has advocated for affirmative action; however, she compares American positive- discrimination policies favorably to those of India, stating: > It is a sad comment on the state of Indian industrialists' social > consciousness that such discussions have begun in an organised way in the > U.S. before they have been thought of in India itself.

Unlike two other historic autochthonous minorities of Slovenia, the Hungarians and Italians, the Croats have not been granted minority status, although they are the second largest ethnic minority in Slovenia, after the Serbs (also not granted minority status). According to the Slovenian constitutional framework, only "historical minorities who have been living on clearly defined territories for centuries (and the Romani people, who have formed a distinct community since at least the 13th century can have the status of a minority". This would carry several constitutionally guaranteed rights, such as visible bilingualism and an autonomous educational system. All remaining minority members are guaranteed the right to express and develop freely their cultural and linguistic heritage, under the same laws applying to citizens in general, but lack the positive discrimination policies applied to the three constitutionally recognized minority communities, as well as the right to have state-sponsored schools in their languages.

The PT then allied with the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam in the hope that this would lead to the renaming but by 2015 had become frustrated with the inaction and was organising protests. In 2016, the national government, run by the Bharatiya Janata Party, announced it would appoint anthropologists to investigate the DKV claim in relation to the Pallar, Kudumbar, Pannadi, Kaladi, Kadayan, Devendra Kulathan and Vadhiriyar communities. It said that the decision was not motivated by a desire for political support from the affected communities but rather a reaction to a petition organised by the Thevendrar Thannarva Arakattalai (TTA) that had attracted over 500,000 signatories. Whilst the TTA said at the time that the change of name would have no effect on the Scheduled Caste status enjoyed by the communities under India's system of positive discrimination, by 2018 the PT leader, K. Krishnasamy, was demanding that they be removed from that classification.

An increasing number of EU member states, though not yet the UK, require company boards of directors to have gender quotas. For example, Finland requires that companies comply with the standard of a 50-50 gender split, or explain to the market if they do not reach the target. For characteristics other than disability, "hard" positive discrimination, through privileged contract terms, hiring and firing based on gender, race, sexuality, belief or age, or setting quotas for underrepresented groups in most jobs, is generally unlawful in the EU. This policy, however, leaves open the issue of historical disadvantage, and sub-conscious exclusion, which may not be addressed through ordinary direct and indirect discrimination claims. The EU has permitted "soft" positive action, in contrast to the United States or South Africa, where "affirmative action" operates in many workplaces.See United Steelworkers of America v Weber, 443 US 193 (1979) and the SA Employment Equity Act 1998 s 15 and Sch 4, for large employers.

Preamble of the Convention reaffirms dignity and equality before the law citing Charter of United Nations and Universal Declaration of Human Rights and condemns colonialism citing Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination and also cites ILO Convention on Employment and Occupation (C111) and Convention against Discrimination in Education against discrimination. Article 1 of the Convention defines "racial discrimination" as: Distinctions made on the basis of citizenship (that is, between citizens and non-citizens) are specifically excluded from the definition, as are positive discrimination policies and other measures taken to redress imbalances and promote equality. This definition does not distinguish between discrimination based on ethnicity and discrimination based on race, in part because the distinction between the ethnicity and race remains debatable among anthropologists.A. Metraux (1950) "United Nations Economic and Security Council Statement by Experts on Problems of Race" in American Anthropologist 53(1): 142–145 The inclusion of descent specifically covers discrimination on the basis of caste and other forms of inherited status.