The cataclysm itself appears, from the direction the knocked-over trees are pointing in, to have been a flood resulting from the melting and sudden rupturing of Myrdalsjokull, the glacier that overlies Katla.
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Opponents want the pipeline, if not rejected outright, to be re-routed well away from Nebraska's Sandhills region, named for its sandy soil, which overlies one of the largest freshwater aquifers in the United States.
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It had been recovered from the crypt of the Dominican Church of the Holy Spirit in Vilnius, which overlies a number of subterranean chambers which hold mummified and skeletonized human remains of both clergy and laypeople.
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The western central parts of the Surat Basin unconformably overlies the Palaeozoic igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks of the Lachlan Fold Belt. Dalby, 2010 In the east and northern parts of Queensland it unconformably overlies the sedimentary basin rocks of the Hunter-Bowen Orogen. The Surat Basin overlies parts of the Bowen Basin in southern Queensland, and overlies the Gunnedah Basin in central New South Wales. Palaeozoic basement highs mark the western and eastern boundaries of the Surat Basin.
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Tobífera Formation unconformably overlies metamorphic and igneous basement complexes of Cambrian age.
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In the Semmering area of Austria, where the name Wettersteindolomit is used, the formation is unconformably overlain by the Kapellener Shale and overlies the Reifling Formation, in the Kalkkögel and Radstadt Tauern the dolomite overlies the Partnach Formation and is overlain by the Raibl Formation, while in Tyrol the formation, called Wettersteinkalk/dolomit unconformably overlies the Gutenstein and Steinalm Formations and unconformably underlies the Reingraben Formation. In the Aggtelek-Rudabánya mountains of Hungary, the formation, called Wetterstein Limestone Formation overlies the Reifling and Steinalm Formations and is overlain by the Szádvárborsa Formation.
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It overlies a bed of saliferous sandstone which has been worked for salt.
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On the east side of the Affliction Glacier, rhyodacite of the Job Assemblage overlies porphyritic andesite of the older Pylon Assemblage. The more recently formed Capricorn Assemblage overlies the Job Assemblage at the head of Affiction Glacier and Capricorn Glacier.
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Overlies Biloxi Formation. Age is late Pleistocene. Gulfport Formation is limited to a 1- to 3-km-wide discontinuous barrier ridge belt that borders the Gulf mainland shore. Commonly overlies Prairie Formation (alluvium) landward and Biloxi Formation (shelf deposits) near shore.
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The geology of Parkes has been studied in great detail. Canberra Formation, calcareous shale is found in the lower parts. This overlies middle Silurian Camp Hill Sandstone. The sandstone unconformably overlies the early Silurian Black Mountain Sandstone and State Circle Shale.
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The Cashaqua Shale is a geologic formation in New York. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period. The Cashaqua shale underlies the Rhinestreet Shale member of the West Falls Group, and overlies various other members of the Sonyea Group. In the western part of New York State, it overlies the Middlesex Shale, and moving eastward, it overlies the Pulteney shale and then the Rock Stream Formation in west-central New York.
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The approximately thick Barzalosa Formation overlies the Olini Group and the Seca Formation in the west and is overlain by the Honda Group. In the east towards Fusagasugá, the formation overlies the La Tabla Formation and is overlain by the Carmen de Apicalá Conglomerate.
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The geology of Capital Hill has been studied in great detail. Canberra Formation, calcareous Shale is found in the south west and north east. This overlies middle Silurian Camp Hill Sandstone. The sandstone unconformably overlies the early Silurian Black Mountain Sandstone and State Circle Shale.
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In other parts of the Neuquén Basin, the formation overlies the Early Miocene Cerro Bandera Formation or the Late Cretaceous Angostura Colorada Formation.Geologic Map, 2007, p.112Prez & Massaferro, 2013, p.223 In the Cañadón Asfalto Basin, the Collón Curá Formation overlies the Ñirihuau Formation,Echaurren, 2017, p.
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Most of SR 43 is a four-lane divided highway, which either overlies or bypasses its original route.
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The Pease River Group is the most recent deposition, occurring during the Guadalupian epoch. The Clear Fork Group is in between the other two, being deposited during the Kungurian age. The stratigraphic groups are layered such that the Pease River Group overlies the Clear Fork Group, which overlies the Wichita group.
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The TRACON's airspace overlies a total of four states including New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania, and extreme north east Maryland.
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The Antalo Limestone overlies the Adigrat Sandstone, and is covered by the Agula Group or Agula Shale and the Mugher Mudstone.
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The pterion region, which overlies the middle meningeal artery, is relatively weak and prone to injury.Shepherd S. 2004. "Head Trauma." Emedicine.com.
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Di Giorgio overlies the large Mountain View Oil Field, and gives its name to one of the field's many productive areas.
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The formation overlies the Brawley Formation and the Palm Spring Formation. In the Mecca Hills, it is younger than 765,000 years.
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D. minnesotensis also occurs in the Reno Member of the Lone Rock formation. The most common location of the species is the St. Laurence Formation, which directly overlies the deposits of the Tunnel City Group. The youngest know finds come from the Van Oser Member of the Jordan Formation, that in turn overlies the St. Laurence Formation.
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The El Peñón Formation, part of the Villeta Group, conformably overlies the Trincheras Formation and is conformably overlain by the Capotes Formation.
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Consequently, the Subathu Formation is only partially preserved in the Krol nappe and under the Garhwal thrust, and unconformably overlies the Tal Formation.
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The Haman Formation is an Early Cretaceous geological formation in South Korea. It has been dated to the Albian, with an estimated maximum depositional age of 105.4 ± 0.4 Ma. The deposit is known for its tracks, including those of dinosaurs, pterosaurs and birds. It overlies the Silla Congomerate which overlies the Chilgok Formation. It is laterally equivalent to the Sagog Formation.
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The strata of the Boston Bay Group lie within a faulted bounded basin. They are bounded by normal faults to the north and west. Within the Boston Basin, Roxbury Conglomerate lies unconformably upon Dedham Granite, Westwood Granite, and much older Middlesex Fells Volcanic Complex. To the south, the Roxbury Conglomerate unconformably overlies Mattapan Volcanic Complex, which, in turn, overlies the Dedham Granite.
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A Silurian reef complex in Gotland. The reef belongs to the Sundre formation, and overlies the Hamra. Gotland is made up of a sequence of sedimentary rocks of a Silurian age, dipping to the south-east. The main Silurian succession of limestones and shales comprises thirteen units spanning of stratigraphic thickness, being thickest in the south, and overlies a thick Ordovician sequence.
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The Eagle Ford community overlies rocks of the Eagle Ford Shale. The Eagle Ford shale consists of organic-rich, pyritic, and fossiliferous marine shales.
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10 The terrane overlies the Tahamí, Arquía and Quebradagrande Terranes along the Romeral Fault System.Paris et al., 2000, pp.20–26Gómez Tapias et al.
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In addition the new scheme include the Mitrauquén Formation that overlies both the Guapitrío and Río Pedregoso Formations as a third formation in the group.
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It overlies the San Joaquin Formation, and can be up to thick. Its sediments consist mainly of unconsolidated deposits of clay, silt, sand, and gravel.
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Within the Bajuvaric Unit the Ruhpolding Formation conformably overlies the Chiemgau Beds, further west in the Allgäu Alps it overlies the upper Allgäu Beds. It is conformably overlain by the so-called Aptychus Limestone of the Ammergau Formation. The changeover to the Aptychus Limestone is gradual. The lower contact of the Ruhpolding Formation is very distinct and outlined by a several centimeter thick bedding joint.
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The Lohan Cura Formation is a geologic formation with outcrops in the Argentine provinces of Río Negro, Neuquén, and Mendoza. It is the second oldest Cretaceous terrestrial formation in the Neuquén Basin. The Lohan Cura Formation unconformably overlies the terrestrial La Amarga Formation. In some places it also overlies the older marine Agrio and Bajada Colorada Formations of the Mendoza Group through the same Middle Miranican unconformity.
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Newell et al. 1953 It overlies the Yates Formation.King 1948 The formation is part of the Artesia Group, which is interpreted as a shelf rock sequence.
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This flow overlies fossil vertebrate-bearing volcaniclastic sediments that include a grayish-black vitric tuff that may be correlative with the unit A1 tuff at Dmanisi.
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It conformably overlies the Mount Hawk Formation or the Southesk Formation, and is conformably overlain by the Sassenach Formation or the Palliser Formation, depending on the location.
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The Calcare di Altamura overlies the Calcare di Bari, separated by an unconformity and is overlain by the Calcare di Caranna, separated by a transgressive angular unconformity.
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Stucchi, 2007, p.368 The total thickness of the formation is estimated at .Altamirano Sierra, 2013, p.3 The formation unconformably overlies the Chilcatay and Caballas Formations.
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Sediment overlies the mantle, so this could be considered as crust. Since the Miocene there has been shortening of the ocean crust absorbed by folding, and thrusting.
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The formation overlies the Oligocene Period Vasquez Formation, and underlies the Upper Miocene Mint Canyon Formation. North of the Tick Canyon fault, the beds are almost vertical.
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The Lynx Group overlies the Arctomys Formation and the contact is gradational. It is overlain by the Survey Peak Formation and the contact is concordant but abrupt.
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The Fairholm Group overlies the Beaverhill Lake Group in the southern Alberta plains, and unconformably overlies the Middle Devonian Yahatinda Formation or pre-Devonian formations in the mountains. It is overlain by the Crowfoot Formation in the plains, and the Sassenach, Alexo or, rarely, the Palliser Formation in the mountains. It is equivalent to the Woodbend Group and the lower part of the Winterburn Group of the plains.
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Over the centuries, the weight of these deposits crushed the shell fragments and compressed them into stone. It overlies the thin Glenwood Shale, which overlies the thick St. Peter Sandstone. It is shot through with dolomitic mottles in an anastomose pattern; this dolotimization occurred after deposition but prior to the development of joints in the rock. About 100 million years later, geologic forces raised southeastern Minnesota above the ocean surface.
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220px The White Rim Sandstone is a sandstone geologic formation located in southeastern Utah. It is the last member of the Permian Cutler Group, and overlies the major Organ Rock Formation and Cedar Mesa Sandstone; and again overlies thinner units of the Elephant Canyon and Halgaito Formations. The White Rim is eponymous, as the sandstone is named for its prominent white color, and forms the rims of cliffs.
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The formation overlies the Silica Beds unit and is overlain by the Blaubok Conglomerate.Dauteuil et al., 2018, p.6 The Langental Formation provides many fossil invertebrates and fish.
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The Dibdibba Formation from the Miocene to the Pleistocene overlies the fossil bearing Lower Fars Formation with gypsum bearing sandy clay beds and coarse igneous and metamorphic gravels.
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517-607 The formation that reaches a thickness of about ,Tofalo et al., 2011, p.616 overlies the Guichón Formation and is overlain by the Asencio Formation.Tofalo et al.
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The Tamiami formation overlies the Hawthorn at every locality where the Hawthorn has been penetrated and is overlain unconformably by the Caloosahatchee marl of the Pliocene in Charlotte County.
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The formation consists of red sandstones and mudstones and has a total thickness in excess of . It conformably overlies the Shinarump Conglomerate and conformably underlies the Petrified Forest Formation.
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15 In this part, the formation is overlain by the Río Negro and Tibú-Mercedes Formations. In the central area at the type locality in the Lebrija River valley, the formation unconformably overlies the Bocas Formation and is overlain by the Tambor Formation. On the Mesa de Los Santos and the Bucaramanga Massif, the formation overlies the Jordán Formation with an angular unconformity dipping 10 to 15°.Ayala et al., 2005, p.
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Later, a locally preserved lower member (ferruginous unit and weathered zone) that unconformably overlies the Cardenas Basalt and is unconformably overlain by the upper member of the Nankoweap - was recognized.
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The sandy soil overlies talus, and the often steep canyon slopes are easily eroded. The habitat is dry and relatively warm native grassland with some shrubs.Mirabilis macfarlanei. The Nature Conservancy.
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The trail crosses Phillies Bridge Road north of the hamlet, with an overpass carrying the trail over Forest Glen Road farther. The road overlies the Catskill Aqueduct and Delaware Aqueduct.
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The Schooler Creek Group is unconformably overlain by the Fernie shale, or by the Bullhead or Fort St. John Group. It conformably overlies the Toad Formation or the Doig Formation.
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The Colalura Sandstone is a Middle Jurassic geologic formation of the Perth Basin of Western Australia. The formation overlies the Moonyoonooka Sandstone. Dinosaur remains have been recovered from the formation.
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It overlaps the Keres Group to the south and has a maximum thickness of about . It overlies the Abiquiu Formation and Santa Fe Group and is overlain by the Tewa Group.
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The Aquia formation is overlain by the Nanjemoy Formation and overlies the Brightseat Formation. The Aquia formation is broken down into two members: the lower Piscataway member and upper Paspotansa member.
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The Floresta Formation overlies the El Tíbet Formation and is overlain by the Cuche Formation. The age has been estimated to be Late Emsian to Early Givetian.Morzadec et al., 2015, p.
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Blanco et al., 2014, p.3 While in Benabarre, the Tremp Formation overlies the Arén Formation, in Fontllonga the formation rests on top of the Les Serres Limestone.López Martínez et al.
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The Rosablanca Formation overlies the Arcabuco Formation and is overlain by the Ritoque Formation. The age has been estimated to be Valanginian. Stratigraphically, the formation is time equivalent with the Macanal Formation.
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Fountain Formation unconformably overlying Precambrian rocks at the parking lot of Red Rocks Park The Fountain unconformably overlies Precambrian granite and gneiss. Outcrops of the formation typically dip steeply to the east.
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Bouchard Lake has given its name to the Bouchard Formation, a geologic unit "composed principally of interbedded micaceous quartzite and quartzose argillite that conformably overlies the Sloway formation" exposed near the lake.
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The Three Forks Group conformably overlies the Saskatchewan Group and is disconformably overlain by the Madison Group. It is equivalent to the sum of the Wabamun Group and Exshaw Formation in Alberta.
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21 which it partly underlies. It overlies the Santa Maria Formation.Da Rosa & Faccini, 2005, p.18 The formation is correlated with the Ischigualasto Formation of the Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin in northwestern Argentina.
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Locally it immediately overlies other rock units. The Bidahochi Formation extends approximately 112 milesChronic, Halka, 1983. Roadside Geology of Arizona, roadtrip: Interstate 40 - Petrified Forest to New Mexico, pp. 210–212, p. 210.
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The Ste. Genevieve Limestone is a geologic formation named for Ste. Genevieve, Missouri where it is exposed and was first described. It is a thick-bedded limestone that overlies the St. Louis Limestone.
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The Holder Formation consists of limestone, red and gray calcareous shale, sandstone, and conglomerate. The maximum thickness is . The formation overlies the Beeman Formation and is overlain by the Laborcita Formation.Kues et al.
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Second, the lower-middle member is composed of purple cross-bedded quartzite, sometimes is subdivided into two units, and overlies the lower member. The purple quartzites of the lower-middle member exhibit crisp, well- defined reduction spots. Third, the upper-middle member is composed of "rusty red" quartzite and overlies the lower-middle member. The "rusty-red" quartzite of the upper-middle member grades downward into the lower-middle member through an interval of interbedded purple and red-brown quartzite.
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In the Cenozoic, the Laramide orogeny uplifted the Rocky Mountains. Near Flaming Gorge, the Paleocene Fort Union Formation angularly overlies the Cretaceous Ericson Sandstone while on the south slope of Uintas Mountain, the Wasatch Formation overlies the Cretaceous Mesaverde Sandstone. The Wasatch Conglomerate formed as the coarsest debris accumulated in basins near the uplifted areas, with sediments growing finer further east and reaching up to 13,000 feet thick through the Eocene in the Uinta Basin. Large lakes played an important role as well.
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South and east of the Grand Canyon, the evaporites and contorted sandstones (sabkha deposits) of Toroweap Formation interfinger with and are replaced by cross- bedded sandstones of the Coconino Sandstone. As a result, the Kaibab Limestone directly overlies the Coconino Sandstone in the Mogollon Rim region. The Kaibab Limestone directly overlies the White Rim Sandstone in northeastern Arizona and southeastern Utah. The upper contact of the Kaibab Limestone (Harrisburg Member) with the overlying Moenkopi Formation is an erosional unconformity and disconformity.
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It extends only a short distance in front of the eye, and is not connected to the area of blue (basally) and green (distally) bare skin that overlies the basal quarter of the bill.
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The two old federal routes then struck west across the desert and state line, picking up the Southern Pacific mainline at Indio, California, and I-10 overlies the old roads most of that distance.
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The Bogotá Formation, with a thickness of close to Tunja to near Bogotá,Bayona et al., 2013, p.8Guerrero Uscátegui, 1992, p.5 overlies the Cacho Formation and is overlain by the Regadera Formation.
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The uranium mineralization at Agnew Lake is contained within a pyritic quartz-pebble conglomerate that unconformably overlies granitic rocks. This is similar to the style of mineralization found in the Elliot Lake uranium camp.
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It overlies a rounded hump, also from the upper lip to just before the eye orbits. This is the source of their specific name, since it resembles the projecting bar of medieval nasal helmets.
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This sequence was formerly called 'Silgará Formation'.Mantilla Figueroa et al., 2015, p.43 Following a hiatus, typical for Colombian geology spanning the Silurian, the Devonian Floresta Formation unconformably overlies the Lower Paleozoic section.
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252 The subgroup overlies the Río Limay Subgroup and is overlain by the Río Colorado Subgroup.Leanza et al., 2004, p.63 Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.
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The Santa Teresa Formation conformably overlies the San Juan de Río Seco Formation and is covered by subrecent alluvium. The formation is part of the sequence after the Eocene unconformity.Lamus Ochoa et al., 2013, p.
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The formation overlies the marine Paraná Formation and is unconformably overlain by the Puerto Alvear,Brunetto, 2013, p.22 Hernandarías and Yupoí Formations of Early Pleistocene (Uquian and Ensenadan respectively) age.Cione et al., 2000, p.
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It overlaps the Polvadera Group to the north and has a maximum thickness of about . It overlies the Santa Fe Group to the south and is overlain by the Tewa Group.Smith et al. 1969, pp.
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The Castillo Formation is an Early Miocene (Burdigalian, Colhuehuapian to Santacrucian in the SALMA classification) geologic formation in the Falcón Basin of Venezuela. The formation unconformably overlies the Matatere, Misoa, El Paují and Jarillal Formations.
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The Ishbel Group is disnconformably overlain by the Spray River Group and unconformably overlies the Tunnel Mountain Formation and the Kananaskis Formation. It is partly equivalent to the Phosphoria Formation of Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, and Utah.
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The site lies in the Cotswold Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and is nationally important Jurassic limestone grassland which supports locally rare plants. The majority of the site overlies old limestone workings, resulting in uneven terrain.
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The total thickness varies from . The formation overlies the Tecovas Formation. The formation crops out along Palo Duro Canyon and the Canadian River and their tributaries. It is also widespread in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains.
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Mancuso et al., 2020 The formation overlies the Tarjados Formation and is overlain by the Ischichuca Formation. The formation is exposed in the Ischigualasto Provincial Park, a World Heritage site in Argentina.Kent et al, 2014, p.
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The Outram is present in the Rocky Mountains of Alberta and British Columbia. Its thickness and shale content increase toward the west. It overlies the Survey Peak Formation and underlies the Skoki Formation. Both contacts are gradational.
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The upper surface of the lateral parts of occipital bone presents an oval eminence, the jugular tubercle, which overlies the hypoglossal canal and is sometimes crossed by an oblique groove for the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves.
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The Caballos Formation in some parts concordantly overlies the Yaví Formation and in other parts rests unconformably on the Saldaña Formation and Ibagué Batholith.Velandia et al., 2001, p.34 The formation is overlain by the Hondita Formation.
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Internal Wave trains around Trinidad, as seen from space Most people think of waves as a surface phenomenon, which acts between water (as in lakes or oceans) and the air. Where low density water overlies high density water in the ocean, internal waves propagate along the boundary. They are especially common over the continental shelf regions of the world oceans and where brackish water overlies salt water at the outlet of large rivers. There is typically little surface expression of the waves, aside from slick bands that can form over the trough of the waves.
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The outer slab (H 1.12m; dims. 1.1m x 0.22m) now overlies the inner one (H 1.15m; dims. 1.4m x 0.13m). An earlier report (OPW 1969) noted a third similar slab incorporated into the field boundary 4.5m to ENE.
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The Chipaque Formation overlies the Une Formation and is overlain by the Guadalupe Group. The core of the Zipaquirá Anticline consists of the Chipaque Formation.García & Jiménez, 2016, p.24 The age has been estimated to be Cenomanian-Turonian.
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The Jagüel Formation is a geological formation, located in Patagonia, Argentina. It underlies the Roca Formation and overlies the Allen Formation. All of these formations belong to the Malargüe Group. Its name was coined by Windhausen in 1914.
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Balabusic et al., 2001, p.26 The formation, part of the Agua de la Peña Group, overlies Los Rastros Formation and is overlain by Los Colorados Formation. The Ischigualasto Formation strongly contrasts with the bounding formation in color.
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GB Gruffy includes of neutral to acid species-rich grassland which overlies the GB Cave system. The of Ubley Warren are another site deeply affected by the lead mining in the area which lasted until the 19th century.
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The formation consists of a massive cobble conglomerate with a dark yellowish- brown coarse-grained sandstone matrix. The conglomerate has dispersed lenses of fossiliferous crossbedded sandstone. It overlies the Friars Formation, and underlies the sandstone Mission Valley Formation.
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At its base it consists of green shale and sandstone and coarsens upwards to arkosic conglomerates. The lower Ordovician Aydos Formation conformably overlies the Soḡuksu. It is a conglomerate of quartzitic sandstone and is 50–200 meters thick.
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The Anacacho Limestone overlies the Upson Clay, and is overlain by the Corsicana Marl.Swezey, C.S., and Sullivan, E.C., 2004, Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Anacacho Limestone, Texas, USA: Cretaceous Research, v. 25, p. 473-497.
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It unconformably overlies the Manokin or St. Mary's formations and it is up to 75-100 feet thick. The extent of the Beaverdam Formation is recognized from Delmar to the west and to Milford and Georgetown to the northeast.
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The La Naveta Formation overlies the Útica Formation and is overlain by the Trincheras Formation. The age has been estimated to be Hauterivian to Barremian. Stratigraphically, the formation is time equivalent with the Las Juntas, Ritoque and Paja Formations.
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La Negra Formation deposited diachronously along a series of intra-arc basins and overlies conformably the formations of Pan de Azúcar and Posada de los Hidalgo. The formation is intruded by plutons of varied composition including gabbro and granite.
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The Socotá Formation overlies the Trincheras Formation and is partly overlain by and partly time equivalent with the El Peñón Formation.Acosta & Ulloa, 2002, p.42 In other areas, the formation underlies the Capotes and Hiló Formations.Acosta & Ulloa, 2002, p.
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The Simijaca Formation conformably overlies the Chiquinquirá Sandstone, and the Hiló and Pacho Formations, and is overlain by the La Frontera Formation.Acosta & Ulloa, 2001, p.32 The age has been estimated to be Turonian, or Cenomanian.Acosta & Ulloa, 2001, p.
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Chartist Cave (or sometimes Chartist's or Chartists' Cave) is a culturally significant cave on Mynydd Llangynidr in southern Powys, Wales. The entrance is a broad arch formed of Twrch Sandstone ('Millstone Grit') which overlies the Carboniferous Limestone immediately beneath.
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The largest avalanches form turbulent suspension currents known as powder snow avalanches or mixed avalanches.Simpson JE. 1997. Gravity currents in the environment and the laboratory. Cambridge University Press These consist of a powder cloud, which overlies a dense avalanche.
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The elevation near the mouth of Warrior Creek is above sea level. The elevation of the creek's source is between above sea level. The headwaters of Warrior Creek are in strip mines. Most of the watershed overlies coal measures.
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Gillis et al (2014). Primitive layered gabbros from fast-spreading lower oceanic crust. Nature 505, 204-208 The crust overlies the solidified and uppermost layer of the mantle. The crust and the solid mantle layer together constitute oceanic lithosphere.
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Olsson, R.K. 1987. Cretaceous stratigraphy of the Atlantic coastal plain, Atlantic highlands of New Jersey. Geological Society of America Centennial Field Guide–Northeastern Section: 87–90. This formation overlies the Navesink Formation, from which potential Dryptosaurus referred material has been reported.
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The Mörnsheim Formation is a geologic formation in Germany. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period such as the stem-Avialan Alcmonavis. It overlies the older Altmühltal Formation in its northwestern extent, and the Painten Formation to the east.
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Contact lens intolerance can also result from the elevation of the peripheral edge of the contact lens if it overlies a pinguecula. The plural form of pinguecula is pingueculae. Pinguecula is derived from the Latin word "pinguis" for fat or grease.
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The Mealla Formation comprises sandstones ranging upward to siltstones with a basal conglomerate bed. The formation unconformably overlies the Yacoraite Formation and is overlain by the Thanetian Maíz Gordo Formation. The thickness of the formation ranges from .Narváez, 2009, p.
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To the northeast lies Seram Island which overlies the subduction of the Bird's Head Plate of West Papua. The deepest point of the sea, Weber Deep, is an exposed oceanic fault and the world's deepest forearc basin, with depth more than .
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Pennsylvania Geology V. 34 n. 4. The Passaic Formation overlies the Lockatong Formation deep lake sediment cycles, which were deposited during wetter climatic cycles during the Late Triassic. These sediments came from the northwest and contain clasts from Appalachian formations.
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The Regadera Formation overlies the Bogotá Formation and is overlain by the Usme and Tilatá Formations. The age has been estimated, based on palynological data of Echitriporites trianguliformis var. orbicularis, Nothofagidites sp. and Multiporopollenites pauciporatus, to be Middle to Late Eocene.
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The Hiló Formation overlies the Capotes Formation and is overlain by the Simijaca Formation. The age has been estimated to be Late Albian to Early Cenomanian. Stratigraphically, the formation is time equivalent with the Une and Pacho Formations.Acosta & Ulloa, 2001, p.
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Hay Valley is a small locality in South Australia, north of Nairne. It overlies the geographical feature of the same name and was originally established as a named subsection within the Hundred of Kanmantoo. In 2016 the population was 25.
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Above this are layers of dolomite, and shale followed by limestone. The highest part of the formation is black shale again. Above the formation is the Piyuancun formation consisting of silicious rock. The Lantian formation overlies diamictite from the Cryogenian.
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The formation consists of sandstone, siltstone, and anhydrite. The sandstone is fine to very fine grained and contains scattered large rounded and frosted quartz grains. The formation overlies the Seven Rivers Formation and underlies the Tansill Formation. Its total thickness is .
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Danjon overlies the southeastern corner of the slightly smaller satellite crater Danjon X. The outer rim of this crater is worn and eroded, particularly at the southern end, and the interior floor is irregular and marked by several small craterlets.
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Vampire Formation is a formation of delta-front siliciclastics deposited in the early Cambrian. The upper unit is trilobitic Cambrian. Some authors place the underlying Ingta formation at least partially in the Cambrian; in places it overlies the sub-Cambrian unconformity.
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To the northwest of the Santander Massif, the formation overlies the Bocas Formation and is unconformably overlain by the Tablazo Formation. In some locations in this area, the formation is found in faulted contact with the Bucaramanga Gneiss, La Virgen Formation and the Tablazo and La Luna Formations. In the Serranía de San Lucas, the Noreán Formation conformably overlies the Morrocoyal Formation and in this area is overlain by the Tablazo Formation and the Arenal Conglomeratic Unit. Across the San Lucas mountains, the formation is in faulted and discordant contact with the Norosí Batholith, the San Lucas Gneiss and the Sudán Formation.
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The McKittrick Oil Field in Kern County, California. Other oil fields are shown in gray. The McKittrick Oil Field is a large oil and gas field in western Kern County, California. The town of McKittrick overlies the northeastern portion of the oil field.
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The formation consists of limestones, yellowish calcareous marls and coastal conglomerates and fine calcareous sandstones. The Loma Candela Formation was deposited in a marine environment. It overlies the Universidad Formation and is correlated with the Tallahassee and Lake City Formations of Florida.
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La Matilde consists primarily of sedimentary rocks. It includes claystone, coal beds, conglomerates, siltstones, sandstones, and volcanic tuff. La Matilde overlies but sometimes intersperses with the Middle Jurassic Chon Aike Formation. The two formations are the subunits of the Bahía Laura Group.
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The site comprises ancient Beech woodland and unimproved grassland. It overlies Jurassic limestones and is at the western edge of the Cotswolds. It is located around the villages of Sheepscombe and Cranham, and along the top of the scarp between Painswick and Birdlip.
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The Marichuela Formation unconformably overlies the Cretaceous rocks of the Guadalupe Group. The age has been estimated to be Late Miocene to Early Pliocene.Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.67 The depositional environment has been interpreted as alluvial fans, caused by earthquakes or heavy rains.
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The Guaduas Formation unconformablyVillamil, 2012, p.208 overlies the Arenisca Labor-Tierna Formation of the Guadalupe Group and is overlain by the Cacho Formation. The age has been estimated to be Upper Maastrichtian-Lower Paleocene, spanning the K-T boundary.Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.
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The slightly younger C. w. regulari is known from the lower Carlile Shale, which overlies the Greenhorn. It has been found in U. S. western interior from as far west as northern Arizona and eastern Utah and from New Mexico to Montana.
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BS ritgerð. Leiðbeinandi Ármann Höskuldsson. (Mai 2010) Retrieved 26 July 2020. "Vífilsfell directly overlies" a tuya, called "Northern Bláfjöll" by Hamilton "and encompasses a conical mound of palagonite with isolated welded scoria, volcanic bombs, dikes with pillowed surfaces, and peripheral slump deposit". (C.
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A cleithrum is a type of dermal bone that overlies the scapula, and is usually found in more primitive bony fish and tetrapods. The head of the interclavicle of Mesosaurus is triangular, unlike those of other early reptiles, which are diamond-shaped.
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The Stuart Shelf is a region of platform deposits on the western rift shoulder that overlies the Gawler Craton. It experienced deposition in the late Neoproterozoic after the Sturtian Glaciation during a period of marine transgression and remains relatively undeformed to this day.
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The Seca Formation, part of the Ancón Group, conformably overlies the Socorro Formation and is overlain by the Punta Ancón Formation. The Seca Formation comprises grey to greenish shales deposited in a marine platform with submarine fans environment.Lorenzo et al., 2018, p.
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The formation regionally overlies the Martinez Formation or the Chico Formation. Google Books: "The stratigraphic and faunal relations of the Martinez formation to the Chico and Tejon of Southern California", Clarence A. Waring; Stanford University Dept. of Geology; Jun 4, 2011 . accessed 1.16.2016.
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At the west end of the Betics lies the Guadalquivir Basin. It unconformably overlies the South Portugal Zone, Ossa Morena Zone and Central Iberian Zone. It contains Neogene to Quaternary aged material. The Betics were compressed about 300 km in the Cenozoic.
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32 The Bayfield group overlies the much thicker Oronto Group.Bulletin 1912, p. 48 The formation, 4300 feet thick, is divided into three: Chequamegon Sandstone, Devils Island Sandstone, and Orienta Sandstone. The Chequamegon Sandstone is a red and white sandstone 1000 feet thick.
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The Ankazomihaboka Formation is a Coniacian geologic formation in the Mahajanga Basin of northwestern Madagascar. The formation comprises claystones and sandstones deposited in a fluvial to lacustrine environment.MAD 96 at Fossilworks.org The formation is overlain by the Marovoay Beds and overlies basalt.
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The Kirusillas Formation is a Homerian geologic formation of central Bolivia. The formation comprises black shales, overlies the Llallagua Formation and is overlain by the Pampa and Guayabillas Formations. The Kirusillas Formation is laterally equivalent to the Lipeón Formation.Veizaga Saavedra et al.
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The Perdrix Formation overlies the Maligne Formation or, where the Maligne is absent, the Flume Formation. It is conformably overlain by the Mount Hawk Formation and the contact is gradational. Laterally it interfingers with the Peechee Formation and the reefs of the Cairn Formation.
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The Survey Peak Formation is present in the Rocky Mountains of Alberta and British Columbia. It thickens westward. It overlies the Mistaya Formation or the top of the Lynx Group, and is overlain by the Outram Formation. The basal contact is conformable but abrupt.
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The Gracias Formation is a sedimentary unit, consisting of sandstone, siltstone, claystone and a few conglomeratic beds. The formation crops out in western Honduras and ranges from in thickness. The formation overlies the Padre Miguel Group, while it is overlain by Pleistocene basalts.N.N., s.a.
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Abietinella abietina favor soils which are shallow mostly in unimproved grassland which overlies calcareous sandy soil, dune slacks, and banks in quarries. It is known to hardly ever occur on base-rich slopes or rocky ledges in mountains. It would be extremely rare if found.
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Sandy beds may be crossbedded, which is evidence of shallow water origin. The Patuxent is the basal unit of the Coastal Plain sedimentary formations and unconformably overlies the crystalline basement rocks. This underlying unconformity is the subsurface equivalent of the Atlantic Seaboard Fall Line.
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The Capotes Formation, part of the Villeta Group, overlies the Socotá and El Peñón Formations, and is overlain by the Hiló Formation. The age has been estimated to be Early Albian. Stratigraphically, the formation is time equivalent with the Simití Formation.Acosta & Ulloa, 2001, p.
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The Guadalupe Group overlies the Conejo Formation in the central part of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense and the Chipaque Formation in the eastern part and is overlain by the Guaduas Formation. Some authors define the Guadalupe Group as a formation and call the individual formations members.
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The Marjum Formation is a Cambrian geological formation that overlies the Wheeler Shale in the House Range, Utah. It is known for its occasional preservation of soft-bodied tissue, and is slightly younger than the Burgess Shale, falling in the Ptychagnostus praecurrens trilobite zone.
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The site is in the Severn Vale and is subject to annual winter flooding. It is low-lying and comprises two sections. It overlies the only cited significant area of peat in Gloucestershire. It is a wetland site of local botanical and ornithological importance.
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The Coombalarnie Platform, like the Stuart Shelf, is a region of platform deposits; however, it overlies the Curnamona Province to the north- east of the main depocentre. Deposition occurred only after a major marine transgression event during the late Neoproterozoic after the Sturtian Glaciation.
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The Ilek Formation is a Lower Cretaceous geologic formation in Western Siberia. Many different fossils have been recovered from the formation. It overlies the Late Jurassic Tyazhin Formation and underlies the Albian Kiya Formation. The formation was described by L. A. Ragozin in 1935.
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The Macanal Formation, a unit of the Cáqueza Group, concordantly overlies the Guavio, Santa Rosa, Ubalá, Chivor and Batá Formations,Terraza et al., 2013, p.110 and is concordantly overlain by the Las Juntas Formation. The age has been estimated to be Berriasian to Valanginian.
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The satellite crater Lundmark B overlies the north-northeastern rim, and Lundmark D lies across the eastern rim. There is a cluster of several small craterlets in the southeastern interior floor, and another grouping of craters in the uneven terrain between Lundmark and Koch.
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The Stanton Formation overlies and underlies the Vilas Shale and the Weston Shale Member of the Stranger Formation respectively. The Stanton Limestone outcrop is found between the Platte River Valley of eastern Nebraska to the Oklahoma border, traversing through Iowa, Missouri and eastern Kansas.
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Coed y Bwl is a Site of Special Scientific Interest in Glamorgan, south Wales. The site is managed by The Wildlife Trust of South and West Wales. It is an ancient ash woodland on the northwest side of the Alun Valley and overlies Carboniferous limestone.
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The 570+ million years old formation underlies the Zabriskie Quartzite Formation, and overlies the Stirling Quartzite Formation. Springer.com: "Tidal Deposits in the Zabriskie Quartzite (Cambrian), Eastern California and Western Nevada"; John J. Barnes, George deVries Klein. It has members of quartzite, shale, sandstone, and dolomite.
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The Dinlence Formation overlies the Cemaller and consists of andesites and andesitic tuffites. It is possible that the Dinlence is the Yemislicay Formation since it too contains andesites and andesitic tuffites. The Dinlence is overlain by the marls, and limestones of the Alapý Formation.
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A. G. Unklesbay, Jerry D. Vineyard. Missouri Geology — Three Billion Years of Volcanoes, Seas, Sediments, and Erosion, University of Missouri Press, 1992. Grey dolomite laid down c. 500 mya nonconformally overlies reddish rhyolite that formed close to 1500 mya in the St. Francois Mountains.
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However, the material is determined to be mostly caliche that formed after deposition of the sand and gravel from the mountain rivers was sharply reduced and the climate became arid or semiarid. This extensive and resistant material established the broad flat expanses of the High Plains. Most of the material that overlies this bed is wind-blown Pleistocene loess, while the Blanco Formation overlies the Ogallala in Texas and southwestern Kansas. Much of the underlying sand and gravel is unconsolidated or poorly consolidated such that it easily erodes away, leaving in western Kansas, Nebraska, and Texas a range of dramatic high bluffs that define the boundary of a "high plain".
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The park overlies the productive West Montalvo Oil Field and oil wells are in an enclosure just behind the beach, and slant-drill into the offshore part of the field."Record of Survey: McGrath Beach State Park." 26 RS 85. Ventura County Recorder 15 February 1963.
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The Naiset Formation is present in Rocky Mountains of southeastern British Columbia. It unconformably overlies the Gog Group. It is overlain by the Cathedral Formation, and the contact is gradational. Equivalent strata to the east of the Kicking Horse area are assigned to the Mount Whyte Formation.
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The Tetori Group is a stratigraphic group in Japan, found within several basins in and around Fukui Prefecture. It is Early Cretaceous in age. It primarily consists of freshwater continental deposits, with some beds of volcanic tuffite. It primarily overlies Jurassic marine sediments or gneiss basement.
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20 The formation mainly consists of marls and turbiditic sandstones and conglomerates deposited in the northeastern part of Hispaniola.Díaz de Neira, 2017, p.663 The formation overlies the Los Hidalgos Formation and is overlain by the La Jaiba Conglomerate and in places by the Villa Trina Formation.
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The Fómeque Formation overlies the Las Juntas Formation and is overlain by the Une Formation. The age has been estimated to be Barremian to Late Aptian. Stratigraphically, the formation is time equivalent with the Mercedes Formation. The formation has been deposited in a shallow marine environment.
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The Pastos Bons Formation is a Late Jurassic (Oxfordian to Kimmeridgian) geologic formation of the Parnaíba Basin in Maranhão, northeastern Brazil. The formation forms part of the sag phase of the basin. It overlies the Sardinha Formation and is overlain by the Mosquito Formation.De Castro et al.
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There is also a Romano-British or later ditch, running east to west, which turns south sharply at the southwest corner of the hillfort, and which partly overlies the earlier Iron Age earthworks. The main ramparts appear to have been built in the 1st century BC.
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The La Frontera Formation overlies the Simijaca Formation and is overlain by the Conejo Formation, all units belong to the Villeta Group. The age has been estimated to be Turonian. Stratigraphically, the formation is time equivalent with the Chipaque, Hondita and La Luna Formations.Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.
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The La Cruz Formation is an Aptian geologic formation in Argentina. Pterosaur fossils of Pterodaustro guinazui have been recovered from the formation.Hualtarán at Fossilworks.org The formation, the uppermost unit of the El Gigante Group, overlies the El Toscal Formation, and is overlain by the Lagarcito Formation.
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The Paris Basin is a geological basin of sedimentary rocks. It overlies geological strata folded by the Variscan orogeny. It forms a broad shallow bowl in which marine deposits from throughout periods from the Triassic to the Pliocene were laid down. Their extent generally decreases with time.
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The Belloy Formation is disconformably overlain by Triassic or younger beds (Montney Formation, Fort St. John Group). It is unconformably overlies Mississippian sediments such as those of the Rundle Group. The Belloy Formation is homotaxial with the Belcourt Formation and Kindle Formation of the Rocky Mountains.
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The Pomerado Conglomerate is of the Late Eocene Epoch, and is a massive cobble conglomerate. It is lithologically identical to the local Stadium Conglomerate. It overlies the sandstone Mission Valley Formation. It is the uppermost formation of the Poway Group, and has a maximum thickness of .
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The rocks of the Stratheden Group have also previously been referred to as the Upper Old Red Sandstone. It unconformably overlies a variety of other rock sequences including the Strathmore Group around Dumbarton, Stirling and Arran and the Arbuthnott-Garvock Group in Fife and the Kinross area.
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The Monitor Butte Member overlies the Shinarump in most areas. The Monitor Butte is an overbank (distal floodplain) facies with lacustrine deposits. This is overlain in western areas by the channel-deposit facies Moss Back Member. More commonly, the Monitor Butte grades into the Petrified Forest Member.
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The Bokkeveld Group is the second of the three main subdivisions of the Cape Supergroup in South Africa. It overlies the Table Mountain Group and underlies the Witteberg Group. The Bokkeveld Group rocks are considered to range between Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) to Middle Devonian (Givetian) in age.
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The formation conformably overlies the Perdrix Formation or, in the Crows Nest Pass area, the Borsato Formation. It is overlain by Sassenach Formation. It is laterally equivalent to the reefal carbonate rocks of the Southesk Formation, and in some areas it interfingers with or is overlain by the Southesk.
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The Girón Formation in large areas of its extent overlies the Precambrian Bucaramanga Gneiss,Royero Gutiérrez, 2001, p.13 in the northern area the Arboleda Granite,Fúquen, 2011, p.46 and the Carboniferous to Permian Diamante Formation in the area around Toledo, Norte de Santander.Royero Gutiérrez, 2001, p.
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6 and comprises red sandstones and siltstones deposited in a fluvial meandering environment. The Río Loro Formation unconformably overlies the Cretaceous Los Blanquitos Formation and is overlain by the Río Nío Formation. The Río Loro Formation is correlated with the Mealla Formation of the Salta Basin to the northeast.
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The formation consists of coal with carbonaceous shale, brown to buff sandstone, and conglomerate (usually at the base). It is about thick at the type locality. The formation unconformably overlies the Vermejo Formation, and unconformably (?) underlies the Poison Canyon Formation. It is of late Cretaceous to Paleocene age.
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The Utica Shale underlies the Lorraine Group and overlies the Trenton Group limestone and the Canajoharie shale in the Mohawk River valley. The Utica Shale is divided into the Nowadaga Zone, Loyal Creek Zone and Holland Patent Zone. It lies a few thousand feet under the Marcellus Shale.
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The structure overlies an earlier version that was built using pumice. Structure C12 is a south-facing platform built from pumice. It divides the West Plaza in two. The upper surface of the platform is marked by a circle of burnt clay formed by the burning of incense.
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The ZIP Code is 92304 and the community is inside area code 760. The Cadiz Valley area overlies a large aquifer and is located approximately north of the Colorado River Aqueduct. Cadiz, Inc., a Los Angeles-based land and water-resource-management company, owns more than around Cadiz.
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The Judith River Formation conformably overlies the Claggett Formation and Pakowki Formation. It is overlain by the Bearpaw Formation. It is equivalent to the Belly River Formation in the southern Canadian Rockies foothills, the Lea Park Formation in central Alberta and the Wapiti Formation in the northwestern plains.
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Krystyn, L.(1971). Stratigraphie, Fauna und Fazies der Klaus-Schichten (Dogger/Oxford) in den östlichen Nordalpen (Österreich). Verh. Geol. Bundesanst., p. 486-509. Wien. – as can be seen in the Tauglboden Basin of the northern Tirolic Unit where the Ruhpolding Formation overlies the red limestone of the Klaus Formation.
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Just on the opposite side of the pole is the crater Peary. This formation is a large crater of the form called a walled plain. The outer rim is heavily eroded and rugged, with a somewhat polygonal outline. The relatively young crater Rozhdestvenskiy K overlies the southern rim.
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The Lagarcito Formation is an Albian geologic formation in Argentina. Pterosaur fossils have been recovered from the formation. The formation overlies the La Cruz Formation and is overlain by the San Roque Formation. The sandstones and mudstones of the formation were deposited in a fluvial and mostly lacustrine environment.
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In the southern part of the basin, thick sequences of volcanic rock are common. Black shale near Badakshan has been found to contain extensive Triassic fossils. In the east, Jurassic limestone, marl, shale and sandstone conformably overlies Triassic sediments. Volcanic rocks intercalate these units between Kabul and Khost.
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Synaresis cracks in the Random Formation, Trinity Bay, Newfoundland Some studies assign the Random Formation as the lowest unit of the Adeyton Group, but strictly it is below that group. It overlies the Chapel Island formation, which contains the Precambrian/Cambrian boundary. The unit is often strongly folded.
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The formation consists of about of brown, yellow, or gray limestone and siltstone and brown to greenish-gray shale. It disconformably overlies the Onate Formation and is overlain by the Percha FormationKues 2004 or the Contadero Formation. It pinches out in the west in the Basin and Range province.
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Tyrannosaurus rib cage, University of California Museum of Paleontology In herpetology, costal grooves refer to lateral indents along the integument of salamanders. The grooves run between the axilla to the groin. Each groove overlies the myotomal septa to mark the position of the internal rib.Duellman, W.E., Trueb, L. (1986).
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On them rest rounded sandstone boulders, gravel and sand, up to a metre thick, often cemented by manganese and iron. In places scree partially overlies these deposits. In the same vicinity raised boulder beaches, similar to those on the peninsula, occur at 3 to 5m above sea level.
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The Upper Greensand Formation is a Cretaceous formation of Albian to Cenomanian in age. It is found within the Wessex Basin and parts of the Weald Basin in southern England. It overlies the Gault Clay and underlies the Chalk Group. It varies in thickness from zero to 75 m.
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The reserve consists of two meadows and supports one of the largest United Kingdom populations of the rare Meadow Clary. It is on Inferior Oolitic limestone and Fuller's Earth and faces south. It overlies extensive mine workings. These produced high quality freestone used for building in the Stroud area.
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The Calcaires de Laize is a Cambrian limestone unit that crops out in Normandy, France. It was deposited during a sea level highstand, and overlies the siliciclastic schists and limestones of Carteret.Doré F. 1972. La transgression majeure du Paléozoïque inférieur dans le Nord-Est du Massif Armoricain. Bull.
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Lichtenberg overlies a larger, ring-shaped ghost crater to the northwest, which has a low central rise. This feature is covered by ray material. Lichtenberg has been noted in the past for occurrences of transient lunar phenomenon. These typically take the form of a temporary, red-hued patch.
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In the headwaters area, coarse grained decomposed granite overlies heavily fractured granitic based bedrock aquifers. This upper pocket groundwater complex feeds down-basin alluvial fan deposits on the coastal plain. These alluvial fans exhibit some characteristics of a confined aquifer, but also respond to recharge from precipitation.Geoconsultants Inc.
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300 BC. The excavator, Angeliki Simossi thus dated the surviving structure to the early Hellenistic period, making it later and larger than that described by Herodotus. She suggested that the structure known to Herodotus might be underneath the surviving remains, perhaps in the northern section which is covered by the modern harbour mole.Simossi (1991), 287-291 Subsequent excavations suggested that some of this structure might be part of the 19th century construction work,Blackman (1998-99), 105 but it overlies a Byzantine sea wall, which itself overlies an ancient rubble mole. Further traces of an ancient rubble mole have been found on the east side of the modern mole, but very little could be discerned about it.
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The Owen Creek Formation is present in the southern Canadian Rockies and is equivalent to the black shales Glenogle Formation to the west. It is also present in some areas of the central Rockies in northeastern British Columbia. It overlies the Skoki Formation, and unconformably underlies the Mount Wilson Formation.
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The younger Imperial Formation occurs in the Colorado Desert, in Imperial County of Southern California. It dates to the Zanclean−Lower Pliocene stage of the Pliocene Epoch, during the Quaternary Period of the Cenozoic Era. It underlies the Palm Spring Formation, and overlies the Ocotillo Formation. San Diego State University.
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The Dandan volcanic flow is the final rock unit of the Umatac Formation. The Bonya limestone overlies the Dandan member on the eastern coast. Parts of the island experienced underwater erosion as they began to uplift above the water surface. When they were exposed to rainfall, they rapidly weathered to clay.
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The Divisadero Group is a group of geological formations in the Magallanes Basin (Chile) or Austral Basin (Argentina) of northwestern Patagonia. It overlies the Coihaique Group. The group is chiefly made up of pyroclastic rocks and lavas of the calc-alkaline magma series. Rocks are of andesite and rhyolite composition.
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This crater has been worn and eroded by a history of impacts. Vega B overlies the southern part of the southern floor and inner wall. The east-northeastern section of the rim is overlain by a merged pair of small craters. A cluster of small craters lies along the northwestern rim.
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The thick Cacho Formation overlies the Guaduas Formation and is overlain by the Bogotá Formation.Guerrero Uscátegui, 1992, p.5 The age has been estimated to be Late Paleocene, based on paleoflora studied by Thomas van der Hammen in 1957. The formation is laterally equivalent to the Lower Socha and Barco Formations.
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The micropaleontological content of the Jagüel Formation made it possible to classify it as Maastrichtian–Danian (Early and Late). This formation conformably overlies the Allen Formation and it also conformably underlies the Roca Formation . The Pircala–El Carrizo Formation lies above these formations. All of them belong to the Malargüe Group.
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The Haskard Group and Turnpike Bluff Group rest unconformably on the Archean- Middle Proterozoic Shackleton Range Metamorphic Complex. The Ordovician-Early Devonian Blaiklock Glacier Group (475 Ma) also unconformably overlies the Shackleton Range Metamorphic Complex. This group is composed of sandstones and conglomerates, and is unconformably overlain by the Beacon Supergroup.
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The Chandler Bridge Formation is a geologic formation in South Carolina. It preserves fossils dating back to the Chattian (Late Oligocene) of the Paleogene period, corresponding to the Arikareean in the NALMA classification.Chandler Bridge Formation at Fossilworks.org The formation overlies the Ashley Formation and is overlain by the Edisto Formation.
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Relative age dating of the Bald Eagle places it in the Ordovician period. It rests atop the Axemann Formation (Oa), or the Nittany Formation, for example between Tyrone and Water Street, Pennsylvania, where the Axemann is missing, and the Loysburg Formation of interbedded limestone and dolomite conformably overlies the Bellefonte Formation.
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An angular unconformity separates weathered basement rock from the Merkys Formation fanglomerates, formed in the Neoproterozoic. Salica Formation arkose and siltstone overlies these units, overlain in the east by the Kieva Formation with siltstone, clay and sandstone. Sedimentary rocks up to 2.3 kilometers thick define the entire Phanerozoic rock record.
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The acrotelm is one of two distinct layers in undisturbed peat bogs. It overlies the catotelm. The boundary between the two layers is defined by the transition from peat containing living plants (acrotelm) to peat containing dead plant material (catotelm). This typically coincides with the lowest level of the water table.
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At the north end a small crater overlies the rim, and there are smaller impacts across the rim to the east and south. But the rim is generally round and symmetrical, with a slightly narrower inner wall to the northeast. Within the rim, the interior floor is level and nearly featureless.
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Mount Augustus is composed of sandstone and conglomerate, a formation known to geologists as the Mount Augustus Sandstone, which overlies older granite near its northern end.Muhling P.C. & Brakel A.T. 1985. Geology of the Bangemall Group — The evolution of an intracratonic Proterozoic basin. Western Australia Geological Survey, Bulletin 128, 266 p.
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The formation consists of limestone, shale, and siltstone. The total thickness is at the type section. It overlies the Sly Gap Formation and underlies the Lake Valley Limestone. The formation is divided into three members (in ascending stratigraphic order): the Salinas Peak Member, the Thurgood Member, and the Rhodes Canyon Member.
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The Santa Cruz Mudstone is a geologic formation in California. The siliceous organic mudstones of the formation were deposited in deep water and fluvial environments. The formation overlies the Santa Margarita Sandstone and is overlain by the Purisima Formation. The Santa Cruz Mudstone was formerly considered part of the Monterey Formation.
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The formation's sandstone characteristics are: soft and friable, light olive gray, fine to medium grained, and composed mostly of quartz and potassium feldspar. The Mission Valley Formation thins from the west to the east, with a maximum thickness of . It overlies the Stadium Conglomerate formation, and underlies the Pomerado Conglomerate formation.
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The formation, with Shoemaker Gravel in other areas, overlies the Pliocene epoch Crowder Formation.Caltech Thesis: "Neotectonics of the north frontal fault system of the San Bernardino Mountains, southern California : Cajon Pass to Lucerne Valley", Meisling, Kristian Erik (1984), Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. The Harold Formation preserves Cenozoic Era fossils.
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It overlies the Bald Peak Basalt formation, and underlies the Pleistocene epoch Leona Rhyolite formation. It is composed of siltstone, sandstone, and conglomerates. It has fluviatile and lacustrine deposits. Descending under the Bald Peak Basalt formation are the Pliocene epoch units of the Siesta Formation, Moraga Formation, and Orinda Formation.
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These basalts have ages between 2.1 and 4.4 Ma. The Dry Valley Drilling Project (1971–75) determined the Pleistocene layer within the Taylor Valley was between 137 and 275 m thick, and composed of interbedded sandstones, pebble conglomerates, and laminated silty mudstones. This Pleistocene layer disconformably overlies Pliocene and Miocene diamictites.
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The Gething Formation is the uppermost unit of the Bullhead Group. It conformably overlies the Cadomin Formation and is disconformably overlain by the Bluesky Formation. It is correlated with the Gladstone Formation in the southern foothills, and is equivalent in age to the McMurray Formation that contains the Athabasca Oil Sands.
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The Hollebeke Formation is present in Rocky Mountains of southeastern British Columbia and southwestern Alberta, west of the Lewis Thrust Fault and south of about 50°N latitude. It unconformably overlies Ordovician or Cambrian formations, or the late Precambrian Purcell Supergroup, depending on the location. It is overlain by the Borsato Formation.
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This crater overlies an older crater along the southwest side. There is a small crater along the exterior of the rim to the northeast. The interior floor is relatively level and is marked by several small and tiny craterlets, particularly in the western half. In some publications name has been spelt as Ceraski.
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The Consuelo Formation was described by Bermúdez in 1950 based on a section of marls in the Consuelo El Tejar quarry in La Habana Province.Gutiérrez Domech, 1969, p.32 The formation overlies the Príncipe and Capdevila Formations with an unconformity,Gutiérrez Domech, 1969, p.33 and is overlain by the Tinguaro Formation.
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The Blairmore Group unconformably overlies the Kootenay Group and is gradationally overlain by the Crowsnest Formation or, where the Crowsnest Formation is absent, is disconformably overlain by the Alberta Group. It is equivalent to the Luscar Group north of the Clearwater River and to the Mannville Group in the plains to the east.
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The Une Formation, part of the Villeta Group, overlies the Fómeque Formation and is overlain by the Chipaque Formation. The age has been estimated to be Albian-Cenomanian. Stratigraphically, the formation is time equivalent with the Simijaca, Aguardiente, Caballos and Pacho Formations. The formation has been deposited in a near shore deltaic environment.
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Pacific Highway, Chatswood, Australia Wianamatta Shale, or Wianamatta Group, is a geological feature of the Sydney Basin, New South Wales, Australia. The Wianamatta Group directly overlies the older (but still Triassic in age) Hawkesbury sandstone. The shales generally comprises fine grained sedimentary rocks such as shales and laminites with less common sandstone units.
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The Rya Formation is a geologic formation in Skåne County, southern Sweden. It is Early to early Middle Jurassic (early Sinemurian to late Aalenian) in age. The Rya Formation comprises siltstones, claystones, sandstones, mudstones and rare coal beds. The formation overlies the Höganäs Formation and is overlain by the Vilhelmsfält and Mariedal Formations.
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Burianosaurus femur, found in 2003 near Mezholezy. Peruc-Korycany Formation is a geologic unit of Upper Cretaceous age, located mostly in the Czech Republic. It is the oldest unit of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin, which overlies metamorphosed rocks of the Bohemian Massif. It it is consists of fluvial to shallow marine sediments.
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The Trincheras Formation is the lowermost unit of the Villeta Group,Acosta & Ulloa, 2001, p.22 and conformably overlies the Murca, La Naveta and Útica Formations. The formation is overlain in a transitional pattern by the Socotá and El Peñón Formations. The Trincheras Formation is subdivided into the El Tigre and Anapoima Members.
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Overlaying these deposits are Cenozoic volcanic rocks, including the thick, Eocene-aged Ohanapecosh Formation, comprised by chemically altered basalt and andesite lava flows and bedded andesite and dacite volcaniclastic rock. In turn, the Stevens Ridge Formation overlies the Ohanapecosh layer, featuring quartz-bearing silicic tuff, rhyolite, and other volcaniclastic rocks.Church et al.
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The Usme Formation unconformably overlies the Regadera Formation and is overlain by the Tilatá Formation.Guerrero Uscátegui, 1992, p.6 The age has been estimated, based on palynological data, to be Late Eocene to Early Oligocene. The depositional environment has been interpreted as marine with the upper part deposited in a deltaic setting.
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The Smalfjord diamictite, Bigganjargga Tillite or Reusch's Moraine is a diamictite in Finnmark, northern Norway. The rock was first identified as a tillite by Hans Reusch in 1891, hence its name. The tillite overlies sandstone whose contact surface is striated. Reusch's Moraine belong to the Smalfjord Formation, a geological formation of Neoproterozoic age.
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The Cleveland Shale (or Cleveland Member) is a sub-unit of the Ohio Shale Formation. The Chagrin Shale underlies the Cleveland Shale. The Bedford Shale generally overlies the Cleveland Shale, with a sharp distinction between the two. In west-central Ohio, more than of Bedford Shale may lie above the Cleveland Shale.
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33Plancha 120, 2010 The formation is divided into the Lutitas Negras Inferiores, Arcillolitas Abigarradas and Arcillolitas con Nódulos Huecos Members, and stretches across from northeast to southwest. The Paja Formation overlies the Ritoque and Rosablanca Formations and is overlain by the Simití and Tablazo Formations and dates from the Hauterivian to Late Aptian.
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The formation comprises marine shales and limestones. The thick Jagua Vieja Member consists of black shales and horizontally laminated marly micritic to biomicritic limestones. The latter contains calcareous concretions which the fossils are found in.Iturralde Vinent & Norell, 1996 The formation overlies the San Cayetano Formation and is overlain by the Guasasa Formation.
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The unit is typically redder than the other members of the Ceja Formation. The Rio Puerco Member named for the Rio Puerco. It forms a very poorly sorted mesa-capping gravel along Ceja del Rio Puerco. It disconformably overlies the Atrisco Member to the north but interfingers with the Atrisco Member further south.
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Group A occupies a central hill upon the peninsula. The ceremonial centre has been dated to the Postclassic period but overlies earlier occupation levels dating to the Middle Preclassic and Late Classic periods. The group contains two open halls and a short causeway that bisects the plaza.Rice et al 1998, p. 231.
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A flat spot can result from the increase in acoustic impedance when a gas-filled porous rock (with a lower acoustic impedance) overlies a liquid- filled porous rock (with a higher acoustic impedance). It may stand out on a seismic image because it is flat and will contrast with surrounding dipping reflections.
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The San Juan Formation () is a geologic formation in Argentina. The formation comprising limestones, mudstones and marls was deposited in a shallow marine reefal environment and preserves many fossils dating back to the Ordovician period. The formation overlies the La Silla Formation and crops out in the Precordillera of San Juan Province.
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The Elk Formation is the uppermost unit of the Kootenay Group. It gradationally and conformably overlies the Mist Mountain Formation. It is disconformably overlain by the Cadomin Formation and to the east it was truncated by pre- Cadomin erosion. To the north Elk strata may correlate with part of the Nikanassin Formation.
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Overlying these are regressive beach type deposits, displaying large-scale foresets and a coarsening upward sequence. Passing from open-water the facies change to nearshore and alluvial deposits. A 1000 m basinwide fanglomeratic unit overlies these deposits. The second sedimentary phase is marked by a dramatic increase in subsisdence, unmatched by sedimentation.
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The Lake Valley Limestone consists of gray cherty limestone with thin shale beds. It overlies the Caballero Formation and is overlain by Pennsylvanian beds. The total thickness is .Laudon and Bowsher 1941 Members of the formation, in ascending stratigraphic order, are the Andrecito, Alamogordo, Nunn, Tierra Blanca, Arcente, and Dona Ana Members.
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The formation is mostly reddish-brown clay-rich siltstone and fine-grained sandstone, with sandstone beds up to thick. The formation also contains conglomerate lenses up to . The total thickness of the formation is . The formation unconformably overlies the Baldy Hill Formation and underlies the Sloan Canyon Formation or locally the Exeter Sandstone.
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It overlies the Ardath Shale, and underlies the Friars Formation. Sea level rose and fell often during this period of the Eocene Epoch in geologic history. About 42 million years ago, sea level rose again and more sand was deposited. Compressed and cemented, it makes the rock known as the Scripps Formation.
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The Smithsonian Book of Mars; Konecky & Konecky: Old Saybrook, CT, p. 103. . The northern rise partially overlies sparsely cratered, lowland plains north of the dichotomy boundary. This region is dominated by Alba Mons and its extensive volcanic flows. Alba Mons is a vast, low-lying volcanic construct that is unique to Mars.
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The Kozlu is composed of successional conglomerate, sand, silt, mud, and coal deposits. The Karadon Formation conformably overlies the Kozlu. The Karadon is lithologically similar to the Kozlu Formation, but contains less coal seams. An angular unconformity spans the top of the Karadon formation and ranges from 46.5 Ma–194 Ma in duration.
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Nicot et al., 2010, p.38 The Goliad Formation is recognized regionally across the Texas coastal plain as an interval of dominantly fluvial siliciclastic strata that overlies the Miocene Fleming Formation and underlies Pleistocene terrace deposits. The formation is now interpreted as a basinward-thickening progradational wedge of Middle and Late Miocene age.
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The Laguna Palacios Formation is a Maastrichtian geologic formation of the Chubut Group in the Golfo San Jorge Basin in Patagonia, Argentina. The formation partly overlies and partly is laterally equivalent to the Lago Colhué Huapí Formation and is overlain by the Salamanca Formation of the Río Chico Group.Casal et al., 2015, p.
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This is a small, bowl-shaped feature with a generally circular, sharp-edged rim, although there is a slight elongation at the northern tip. The inner walls are simple slopes that run down to the featureless interior floor. Schönfeld partly overlies an older, crater-like feature of comparable dimensions along its western side.
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The Warwickshire Group is a lithostratigraphic unit of rock strata defined within the British Carboniferous system. Within the Pennine Basin it overlies (i.e. postdates) the Coal Measures Group and is deemed to be of late Westphalian and Stephanian age. In the South Wales Coalfield it consists of the Pennant Sandstone Formation and overlying Grovesend Formation.
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In the palate region of the skull, the anterior process of the vomer ventrally overlies the premaxilla at the anterior margin of the choana. This overlap is also seen in dinocephalians. However, unlike any other therapsid, the choanae are short and extend only from the level of the fourth incisor back to the first canine.
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The Huab Formation is a lithological unit with an approximate maximum thickness of , deposited in the eponymous basin where it underlies the Gai-As Formation, separated by a significant hiatus,Wanke, 2000, p.25 and overlies the basement.Horsthemke et al, 1990, p.68 The formation crops out south of the Huab River,Duncan et al.
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The Clearwater Formation is part of the Mannville Group. It is conformably overlain by the Grand Rapids Formation and conformably overlies the McMurray Formation. It is equivalent to the Bluesky Formation and the lower Spirit River Formation in the Peace River region, and may be equivalent to the Cummings Member in the Lloydminster region.
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Lavas of modern volcanoes, like Antuco, unconformbly overlies the formations and dykes associated to modern volcanoes intrude it. In some localities the formation is covered by moraines. The Cola de Zorro Formation is largely undeformed except from some minor tilting caused by block tectonics. The strata of Cola de Zorro Formation are sub-horizontal.
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The Fremouw Formation is mostly Triassic in age, with the oldest rocks dating back to the latest Permian. Much of the formation is quartzose sandstone that was deposited in stream beds. It overlies the Permian Buckley Formation, which consists of coal and Glossopteris fossils. The formation is informally divided into lower, middle, and upper units.
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Ganswindt is a lunar impact crater that lies near the southern pole of the Moon's far side. It is attached to the southwestern exterior of the huge walled plain Schrödinger. Ganswindt partly overlies the smaller crater Idel'son to the south. The rim of Gandswindt is roughly circular but somewhat irregular, particularly at the southern edge.
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Schematic showing the graded relationship of the Cleveland Member and Huron Member of the Ohio Shale to the Chagrin Shale. In Ohio, the Chagrin Shale underlies the Cleveland Shale and overlies the Huron Shale. It is a member of the Ohio Shale. The Chagrin Shale grades into and between the Cleveland and Huron Shales.
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This layer is unique for it bridges the exocaldera and intracaldera sequences. A layer of saprolite (chemically weathered rock) separates the Bailey Rock Rhyolite formation from the overlying Caldera-Fill Sequence-era rocks. The exposed part of the flow overlies part of the Carrow formation, and is colored pink in the diagram above-right.
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Extensional faults were reactivated during the Eocene Alpine orogeny. The Ionian Zone is thrust westward over the Preapulian Zone and overlain by molasse facies. The Gavrovo-Tripolis Zone underlies Crete, the Dodecanese islands and much of the western mainland. Bauxites indicate a dry time in the Eocene and Oligocene flysch unconformably overlies older carbonates.
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The formation is composed of massive gray limestone with a few thin beds of brown sandstone, with a total thickness of . It is exposed in the Finlay Mountains (), the Sierra de Juarez,Kottlowski 1973 and the Cerro de Cristo Rey uplift (). The formation overlies the Cox Sandstone and is overlain by the Del Norte Formation.
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The Johnson Spring Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period. Previously described as undifferentiated upper part of Eureka group by Langenheim and others, Pestana formally named the formation in 1960. The Johnson Springs Formation underlies the Barrel Spring Formation and overlies the Ely Springs Dolomite.
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The Yellowknife Supergroup, also known as the Yellowknife greenstone belt, was deposited over 300 million years from ca. 2.9-2.6 Ga, and directly overlies the CSBC including much of the Eastern Slave Province.Bleeker, W.; Davis, B.; Ketchum, J.; Stern, R.; Sircombe, K.; Waldron, J. (2004). "The Slave Craton From On Top: The Crustal View" (PDF).
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The Hoko River Formation is a Late Eocene marine sedimentary geologic formation. The formation is exposed in outcrops along the Strait of Juan de Fuca on the Olympic Peninsula in Washington state, USA. It is known for containing numerous fossils of crabs. It overlies the older Lyre Formation and underlies the younger Makah Formation.
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The Angostura Colorada Formation was defined by Volkhaimer in 1973 and unconformably overlies the Late Triassic volcanics of the Sañicó Formation. The formation is partly overlain by the Huitrera and Collón Cura Formations,Prez & Massaferro, 2013, p.223 and in other parts by the Coli Toro Member of the Los Alamitos Formation.Ottone, 2009, p.
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The rim of this crater is worn and eroded, particularly along the southern face and in the northeast where a small crater overlies the rim. The interior floor forms a nearly plain except for a tiny central peak offset to the west of the midpoint, and is marked by a number of tiny craterlets.
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The total thickness is in excess of . The formation is present around Elephant Butte Reservoir, in the Caballo Mountains, and under much of the Jornada del Muerto. It overlies the Mesaverde Group, from which it derives much of its sediments. The formation is divided into the lower Jose Creek Member and upper Hall Lake Member.
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It overlies the Abrahamskraal Formation (the western correlate of the Middleton Formation). The Teekloof Formation does not underlie other units other than the younger Karoo dolerites and sills that relate to the emplacement of the Early Jurassic Drakensberg Group to the east.Kitching, J. W. (1970). A short review of the Beaufort zoning in South Africa.
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In the headwaters reach high on Montara Mountain, coarse grained decomposed granite overlies heavily fractured granitic based bedrock aquifers. This upper pocket groundwater complex feeds down-basin alluvial fan deposits on the coastal plain. These alluvial fans exhibit some characteristics of a confined aquifer, but also respond to pressure and recharge from precipitation.Geoconsultants Inc.
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A small crater overlies the north rim, which forms a notch in the side. Tiny craters also lie across the rim northeast and at the southern edge. The interior is level and nearly featureless, with only a few tiny scattered craterlets to mark the surface. This floor has the same albedo as the surrounding terrain.
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It overlies a comparably sized crater formation Zsigmondy S along the western rim. A pair of small craters lies across the low western rim, and another pair is situated on the inner wall to the southeast. On the interior, the floor is relatively flat in the western half with a low central rise near the midpoint.
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In the northern part, the Glen Rose is laterally continuous with the Paluxy Formation.Sellards, pp. 320-321. The Glen Rose overlies the Hensel Sand and is overlain in turn by formations of the Fredericksburg division. In 1974, Keith Young concluded, based on ammonite zonation, that the formation ranges from late Upper Aptian into the Lower Albian,Young p. 175.
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The Skoki is present in the Canadian Rockies of Alberta and British Columbia. It reaches a thickness of up to 186 metres (610 ft) in the southern Rockies and about 500 metres (1800 ft) in the northern Rockies. It conformably overlies the Outram Formation or the Tipperary Quartzite, depending on the location, and underlies the Owen Creek Formation.
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The Verulam Formation belongs to the Simcoe Group and overlies the Bobcaygeon Formation. Both the Bobcaygeon and Verulam Formations are composed of bioclastic wackestones, grainstones, and packstones interbedded with calcareous shales and siltstones. The Verulam contains more shale than the underlying Bobcaygeon Formation. Several hardgrounds have been documented in detail from the upper Bobcaygeon and lower Verulam.
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These impacts have distorted the shape of the crater, and have nearly obliterated the southern rim. Ejecta from Longomontanus overlies part of the southern floor. The satellite crater Montanari D lies across the western rim, and covers part of the interior floor. The northern part of the floor is more regular and featureless than the south.
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Lagalla is the remnant of a lunar impact crater. Wilhelm partly overlies the northeastern rim, and Montanari is attached to the southeast. The remainder of the rim is heavily eroded, with small craters overlaying sections along most of the sides. The rim is nearly nonexistent to the south, and the most intact portion is along the northwest.
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Hecataeus is a worn and eroded walled plain with wide inner walls. Its northern part overlies half of Hecataeus K, a fairly substantial crater. Along the southern rim, the outer rampart of ejecta from Humboldt forms a rugged interior surface across the southern floor. Several small, bowl-shaped craters lay across the eastern rim and inner wall.
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Its geographic range is restricted to the Messel pit. There it unconformably overlies crystalline Variscan basement and its Permian cover (Rotliegend) as well as Eocene volcanic breccias derived from the basement rocks. The formation mainly comprises lacustrine laminated bituminous shale (‘oil shale’) renowned for its content of fossils in exceptional preservation, particularly plants, arthropods and vertebrates (e.g. Darwinius masillae).
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The Röt Formation or Rötton Formation (German for Röt Shale) is a geologic formation of the Buntsandstein in Germany. It preserves fossils dating back to the Middle Triassic period (Anisian or Aegean or Bithynian in the regional stratigraphy).Röt Formation at Fossilworks.org The formation overlies the Plattenstein and Solling Formations and is overlain by the Jena Formation.
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Leven, 1998, p.302 The open marine limestones of the formation reach a thickness of in the Julfa section of northwestern Iran. In Iran, the formation overlies the Dorud Formation and is overlain by the Khachik Formation, while in Armenia the formation rests on top of the Asni Formation and is overlain by the Arpa Formation.Leven, 1998, p.
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Steinheil is a lunar impact crater that is located in the rugged highlands in the southeastern part of the Moon. It was named after German astronomer and physicist Carl August von Steinheil. It forms a prominent crater pair with the similar-sized Watt, which it partly overlies to the southeast. To the northwest is the large walled plain Janssen.
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Los Llanos Formation unconformably overlies the Permian Los Sauces Formation in the Sierra de Velasco and the Permian Patquía Formation or Ordovician granitic basement in other places. The maximum recorded thickness in the Sanagasta Geologic Park is ,Hechenleitner, 2017, p.26 while in the region of Tama the formation reaches an estimated thickness of .Hechenleitner, 2017, p.
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LRO image terminator Kovalevskaya is a prominent lunar impact crater that is located on the far side of the Moon. It lies to the southwest of the larger walled plain Landau. To the south of Kovalevskaya are the craters Poynting and Fersman. This crater overlies nearly half of the large Kovalevskaya Q along the southwest rim.
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Highbury Wood overlies mostly alkaline soils and contains a range of woodland species such as ash, oak and lime. It also has whitebeam which is on the western edge of its geographical range. The ground flora is mostly bramble, dog's mercury, bluebell and wild garlic. There is a range of rarer species including the greater butterfly orchid.
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Oenoanda or Oinoanda () was an ancient Greek city in Lycia, in the upper valley of the River Xanthus. It is noted for the philosophical inscription by the Epicurean, Diogenes of Oenoanda. The ruins of the city lie west of the modern village İncealiler in the Fethiye district of Muğla Province, Turkey, which partly overlies the ancient site.
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The Statenville Formation partly overlies the Coosawhatchie Formation.Burnette, William C., Cook, P. J., Riggs, Stanley R., Stanley R. Riggs, Shergold, J. H., Phosphate deposits of the world: Neogene to modern phosphorites, Cambridge University Press, 1990. Its permeability is generally low, forming part of the intermediate aquifer system. The phosphate content is of enough quantity to warrant mining.
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The basin overlies the Lachlan Fold Belt and Late Carboniferous volcanoclastic sediments. The basin formed during extension in the Early Permian, with half-graben infilled with the Dalwood and Talaterang Groups. Foreland loading followed with the compression of the Currarong Orogen in the Early Permian.Crawford, E. A., Herbert, C., Taylor, G., Helby, R., Morgan, R. & Ferguson, J., 1980 – 15.
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Karpinskiy (upper left), Ricco (lower left), and Milankovic (lower right), from Lunar Orbiter 5 Ricco is a lunar impact crater. It is located in the northern part of the Moon's far side. This crater overlies the southeastern rim of the larger crater Milankovic. Less than one crater diameter to the southwest is Karpinskiy, while to the southeast is Roberts.
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Organic-rich shale overlies a major unconformity in the area, acting as the source rock for hydrocarbons. Plate rotation produced the Brooks Range with a plate collision visible at the surface in the Kobuk River. Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks separated from the descending slab, leaving mineral deposits in the Brook Range related to older rock units.
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To the south, Beanland is bordered by massive pillowed andesite and basalt flows, which comprise the Younger Volcanic Complex. These two flow units are separated by a large, highly deformed iron formation that overlies the Younger Volcanic Complex. The northeasterly trending Net Lake-Vermilion Lake Deformation Zone follows the two flow units, as well as the iron formation.
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The La Amarga Formation is a geologic formation with outcrops in the Argentine provinces of Río Negro, Neuquén, and Mendoza. It is the oldest Cretaceous terrestrial formation in the Neuquén Basin. The type locality is La Amarga Arroyo and China Muerta Hill.Musacchio, 1970 The La Amarga Formation unconformably overlies the marine Agrio Formation of the Mendoza Group.
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Simplified stratigraphy of the Angoumian The Angoumian is usually divided into two formations, a lower Angoumien inférieur and an upper Angoumien supérieur. Some authors even attribute the Ligerian (in French Ligérien) to the Angoumian and then call it basal Angoumian. The Angoumian sensu stricto conformably overlies the Ligerian and closes with a hardground towards the overlying Coniacian.
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At Mammoth Cave National Park the Big Clifty overlies the Girkin Formation, the uppermost of three cave forming carbonate formations which the Mammoth-Flint Ridge cave system spans.Palmer, A.N., 1981, Geologic Guide to Mammoth Cave National Park: Teaneck, N.J., Zephyrus Press, 210 p. Below the Girkin Formation are the Ste. Genevieve Limestone, and the St. Louis Limestone respectively.
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The Eastend Formation is conformably overlain by the Whitemud Formation and gradually overlies the Bearpaw Formation. In the Frenchman River valley, the Eastend Formation is erosionally overlain by the Frenchman Formation. It is equivalent to St. Mary River Formation and Horseshoe Canyon Formation in southern Alberta, as well as the Fox Hills Formation in Montana and North Dakota.
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The marginal zone is the thickest (transversally) and is divided from the middle zone by Hensen's Stripe. It overlies the sensory inner hair cells and electrically-motile outer hair cells of the organ of Corti and during acoustic stimulation stimulates the inner hair cells through fluid coupling, and the outer hair cells via direct connection to their tallest stereocilia.
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Kuiper overlies the northern rim of the larger crater Murasaki. Kuiper crater has the highest recorded albedo of any region on the planet's surface and has a prominent ray system, suggesting that it is one of the youngest craters. (Description) Kuiper is one of the largest craters of the Kuiperian system on Mercury. The largest is Bartók crater.
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A small crater also intrudes slightly into the eastern flank. Gadomski in turn overlies the western portion of a still larger, and unnamed crater feature that is even more heavily eroded. The rim is roughly circular, but is slightly distended toward the southwest. The interior floor is relatively featureless, with a few tiny craterlets marking the surface.
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Nasal bridge is the bony part of the nose, overlying the nasal bones, above the part in blue labeled "Cartilage of Septum". The bridge is between the eyes, and just below them. The lower half of the nose is below the bridge. The nasal bridge is the upper, bony part of the human nose, which overlies the nasal bones.
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The Pierre Shale of Upper Cretaceous Age is the underlying structure of the region. At Enders Dam this formation is found at a depth of below the valley floor. The Ogallala Formation of Pliocene Age overlies the Pierre Shale. The Ogallala Formation is composed of fine to course sand, some gravel, calcareous silt, silty sands, silts and clays.
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Retrieved 8 July 2014. The Hale Formation has two named members: the Cane Hill and the Prairie Grove Members. The lower member is the Cane Hill, a primarily sandstone and shale interval that unconformably overlies the Mississippian-age Pitkin Formation. The upper member, the Prairie Grove Member, is predominately limestone and conformably underlies the Bloyd Formation.
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The formation consists of highly fossiliferous gray shale and buff calcareous sandstone with some limestone nodules. It overlies the Morrison Formation and is overlain by the Mesa Rica Sandstone. The formation is interpreted as marine shales deposited during the Kiowa-Skull Creek transgression.Holbrook and Wright Dunbar 1992 It is likely the lateral equivalent of the Glencairn Formation.
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Veiga et al., 2011, p.174 The Lotena Formation is overlain by the La Manga Formation and overlies the Lajas Formation of the Cuyo Group.Veiga et al., 2011, p.178 Initially, the fossil find of the pterosaur Herbstosaurus pigmaeus was reported from the formation,Wellnhofer, 1991, p.81 but this fossil was found in the younger Vaca Muerta.
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The Rundle Group is disconformably overlain by the Rocky Mountain Formation in the front ranges of the Canadian Rockies and by the Fernie Formation in the foothills and by Cretaceous beds in the prairies. It conformably overlies the Banff Formation. The Rundle Group can be correlated with the Mission Canyon Formation in southern Saskatchewan, northeastern Montana and North Dakota.
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The Crowder Formation was formed during the Pliocene epoch of the Neogene period. The formation was deposited by drainages carrying distinctive volcanic and metamorphic clasts from the Victorville area southward. It overlies the crystalline San Gabriel Basement Complex in its eastern section, and the San Francisquito Formation in its western section in the Antelope Valley/San Gabriels.
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The Kern River Series is divided into the lower Chanac Formation unit, and the upper Kern River Beds Formation unit, with the wedge of the Etchegoin Formation in the middle in the western section. It is composed of sandstone and cobble conglomerate. It overlies the Miocene Period Santa Margarita Formation. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.
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The Bridger Formation overlies the Green River Formation and underlies the Bishop Conglomerate. The boundary with the former occurs in the mid-Eocene after the region completed a transition to a drier environment from a moist climate in the early Eocene.Smith, M. E., Singer, B., & Carroll, A. (2003). 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of the Eocene Green River Formation, Wyoming.
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Devil Mountain, sometimes mistakenly called Devil's Mountain, is a wooded mountain in the Municipality of Temagami, Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It overlies Devil Island in Lake Temagami with an elevation of above sea level. A short trail from Angus Point leads to an overlook some above Lake Temagami. From here, Maple Mountain can be seen on a clear day.
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Deposition of the Jackson Lake Formation began at 2605 Ma. The formation is a high energy sedimentary deposit that overlies the volcanic rocks of the Kam Group. The deposit consists of polymict conglomerates and fluvial sandstones that have been subjected to a major metamorphic event as evident by similarly oriented vertical dips and lineations found in older groups.
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The group consists of sandstone, claystone, limestone, and conglomerate, with a total thickness of . In the Tombstone, Arizona, area, it overlies the Naco Formation.Butler et al. 1938 In the Bisbee area, the group is divided into four formations, which in ascending stratigraphic order are the Glance Conglomerate, the Morita Formation, the Mural Limestone, and the Cintura Formation.
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Only the lowest portion of the interior is flooded, however, and much of the inner wall of the rim remains uncovered. The inner wall is narrower along the northern edge where the crater overlies Maxwell. There is also slumped material along the base of the inner wall. This crater was formally named in 1961 by the IAU.
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The vertebral column of Typothorax is shortened, with individual vertebrae being reduced in length. However, the osteoderms that overly the vertebrae are not shortened. Instead, they are reduced in number so that each dorsal paramedian osteoderm (osteoderm that covers the back) overlies several dorsal vertebrae. In nearly all other crurotarsans, there is one row of osteoderms per vertebra.
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The Qasr el Sagha Formationis a geological formation located in Egypt The formation is part of the Wadi El Hitan World Heritage Site. The Qasr el Sagha Formation overlies the Birket Qarun Formation and is overlain by the Gebel Qatrani Formation. The sandstones and shales of the formation were deposited in a deltaic to shallow marine environment.Gingerich et al.
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Yarmouth Common with Bouldnor Cliffs in the background The basal, 20 to 23 metres, exceptionally-35 metres-thick Bembridge Marls Member is mainly composed of blueish to greenish-gray clays and marls. Interlaced are several mollusc-bearing horizons. The clays show a rhythmical, varve-like layering. The member overlies the summital mudcracks of the Bembridge Limestone Formation without any discontinuity.
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The Maligne Formation is present in Canadian Rocky Mountains and foothills between the Kakwa Lakes area of northeastern British Columbia and the Cline River area of west-central Alberta, a distance of about 300 km (186 mi). It overlies the Flume Formation and is overlain by the Perdrix Formation. It grades laterally into the carbonate rocks of the upper Cairn Formation.
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Outcrop extent of the Agrio Formation The Agrio Formation is included in the Mendoza Group, representing its youngest formation. In the east of the Neuquén Basin, the formation rests upon continental clastic deposits of the Mulichinco Formation, with the contact between the two formations characterized by a regional transgressive surface. Towards the west, the formation unconformably overlies the Bajada Colorada Formation.Olivo et al.
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Nested Craters on Mars, 40.104° N, 125.005° E. These nested craters are probably caused by changes in the strength of the target material. This usually happens when a weaker material overlies a stronger material. In the absence of atmosphere, the impact process begins when the impactor first touches the target surface. This contact accelerates the target and decelerates the impactor.
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The type locality of the Portezuelo Formation is the mountain range known as Sierra del Portezuelo in Neuquén Province.Wichmann, 1929 This formation conformably overlies the Lisandro Formation of the Río Limay Subgroup. In the top layers it grades into the Plottier Formation, the younger formation within the Río Neuquén Subgroup. Sandstones and siltstones, probably deposited under fluvial conditions, make up the Portezuelo Formation.
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The formation of the caldera was influenced by the neighbouring Pedernales-Arizaro fault. The caldera is the source of the Salar Grande ignimbrite, as well as the San Andrés ignimbrite that overlies the former. The ignimbrites erupted by Salar Grande crop out mainly east of the caldera. They are yellow, white and gray and embedded within Miocene basaltic andesite, andesite and dacite lavas.
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The Loma Gorda Formation is the uppermost unit of the Güagüaquí Group. It overlies the Hondita Formation and is overlain by the Oliní Group. The age has been estimated on the basis of ammonites to be ranging from Turonian to Coniacian. Stratigraphically, the formation is time equivalent with the upper parts of the Chipaque, La Luna and La Frontera Formations.
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In Quay County, New Mexico, where the unit was first described, it consists of poorly cemented brown sandstone and gray shale and is thick. It overlies the Mesa Rica Formation and underlies the Graneros Shale, and is assigned to the Purgatoire Group. Further north, in the valley of the Dry Cimarron, the formation consists of medium gray shale and is thick.Zeigler et al.
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It locally overlies The Devastator Assemblage and older basal breccia. Porphyritic plagioclase andesite of the youngest unit underlies much of the southern and western portions of Meager. Devastator Peak, a volcanic plug at the southern end of the Meager massif, was the source for these lava flows between 1,000,000 and 500,000 years ago. The Pylon Assemblage represents the largest geological formation comprising Meager.
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The otopetrins are required for normal formation of otoconia/otoliths in the inner ear. Otoconia are minute biomineral particles embedded in a gelatinous membrane that overlies the sensory epithelium in the inner ear. Gravity and acceleration cause the octoconia to deflect the stereocilia of sensory hair cells. Otoconia are required for normal processing of information regarding spatial orientation and acceleration.
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The Maria Farinha Formation crops out in the Parnaíba Basin in the northeastern state of Pernambuco of Brazil. The formation registers the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary at the base of the formation, where it overlies the Maastrichtian Gramame Formation. The thick formation is overlain by the Eocene Tambaba Formation which is overlain by the Plio-Pleistocene Barreiras Formation.Ribeiro de Santana et al.
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The site overlies an outcrop of Kentish ragstone and from this the name is thought to originate. Hasted's History of Kent mentions that during the reign of Edward II one John Ellys resided here. A will from a century later records another John Ellis who died a wealthy man. His son (also called John Ellys) built the hall house in the 1480s.
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The Tunjuelo Formation conformably overlies the Marichuela Formation and in other parts the Subachoque Formation. The Tunjuelo Formation is overlain by the thin Chía Formation. The age has been estimated to be Pleistocene based on palynology and radiocarbon dating, covering the Pleistocene from 2.6 to 0.01 Ma.Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.72 The depositional environment has been interpreted as fluvio- glacial terraces.
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At Valley Forge National Historical Park, the visitor center parking lot is built within an old quarry of the Ledger, and the former quarry walls are exposed. The rocks contain stromatolites. In the nearby Port Kennedy Quarry, the Triassic Stockton Formation unconformably overlies the folded Ledger.Valley Forge National Historical Park, Montgomery and Chester Counties, The Geologic History, 2nd Ed, 1993.
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This is a considerably worn crater, although it retains its generally circular formation. A pair of smaller craters overlies most of the south-southeastern rim. Attached to the northwestern rim is Marinus R, and the crater intrudes into Marinus B to the west. Within the crater, the floor is nearly level and has a slightly lower albedo than its surroundings.
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The Castilletes Formation overlies the Jimol Formation and is overlain by the Ware Formation. The age has been estimated to be Middle Miocene (16.7 to 14.2 Ma), Colloncuran and Friasian in the SALMA classification. The invertebrate fauna of the Castilletes Formation is highly similar not only to that of the underlying Jimol Formation, but also to the Cantaure Formation of Venezuela.Moreno et al.
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Lithostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy of the Mesoproterozoic Sibley Group, northwestern Ontario, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 44, pp. 1131–1149. The Sibley Group unconformably overlies highly deformed and metamorphosed Archean turbiditic sandstones and metavolcanic and granitic rocks. The strata of the Sibley Group fill and are limited to a rift basin known as the Nipigon Embayment that underlies Lake Nipigon.
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The Conejo Formation is the uppermost unit of the Villeta Group. It overlies the La Frontera Formation and is overlain by the Guadalupe Group. The age has been estimated on the basis of ammonites to be ranging from Turonian to Santonian. Stratigraphically, the lower part of the formation is time equivalent with the upper part of the Chipaque,Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.
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The Chorrera Formation unconformably overlies the Late Cretaceous Guadalupe Group. The formation is overlain by the Pleistocene Subachoque Formation. The age of the Chorrera Formation has been estimated to be Late Pliocene based on its stratigraphical position. The depositional environment is characterised by alluvial fans formed during the main phase of tectonic uplift of the Eastern Ranges in the Late Pliocene.
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The Kinzers overlies the Vintage Dolomite at the type section of the Vintage at a railroad cut at Vintage, Pennsylvania. The section at Vintage. The Kinzers is the darker, layered rock above the lighter Vintage. High quality fossil specimens (Lagerstätte) were obtained from the Noah Getz Quarry, one mile north of Rohrerstown, Pennsylvania, but the quarry location is overgrown and disturbed by development.
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Farellones Formation () is a geological formation of Miocene age in the Andes of Central Chile up almost entirely of volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks. At some location reaches thicknesses in excess of . It overlies the Oligo–Miocene Abanico Formation across a diachronous unconformity. The best exposure of the formation is said to be at the ski resort of Farellones east of Santiago.
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The Grayling Formation unconformably overlies the Permian Fantasque Formation. It is equivalent to the lower Montney Formation in the subsurface of the Peace River plains and to the Phroso Siltstone Member of the Sulphur Mountain Formation in west-central and southwestern Alberta. Its contact with the overlying Toad Formation is gradational. The Toad Formation is conformably overlain by the Liard Formation.
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Within the Dox Formation, the Comanche Point Member overlies the Solomon Temple Member. Within the central Grand Canyon, it has been removed by pre-Tapeats Sandstone erosion. The strata of this member consist mainly of interbedded fine grained, slope-forming, argillaceous sandstone and sandy argillite, and subordinate claystone. The colors exhibited by these strata are variegated, typically alternating between purplish and red-brown.
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The Bajada Colorada Formation, first defined by Roll in 1939, pertains to the Mendoza Group.Moyano Bohórquez, 2004 It overlies the Quintuco and Picún Leufú Formations and is overlain by the Agrio Formation. The contact with the Agrio Formation is discordant and the unconformity has been dated to 134 Ma.Leanza, 2005, p.151 The formation is laterally equivalent with the Mulichinco Formation.
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Tubul Formation () is an Early Pleistocene (formerly described as Middle Pliocene in 1968 and Late Pliocene in 1976)Las Peñas (Tubul Fm) at Fossilworks.org sedimentary formation located in Arauco Province in south–central Chile. Its sediments were deposited in marine conditions. It overlies unconformably the folded sedimentary formations of Ranquil (Miocene–Pliocene), Quiriquina (Late Cretaceous) and the Lebu Group (Paleocene-Eocene).
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The coarse sandstones and beds of conglomerates, about in thickness. The formation is resistant to erosion and is largely barren, but at a few places there are lenses or interbeds filled with finely preserved fossils. The formation overlies the Viche Formation, and is overlain by the lower Onzole Formation. The Angostura Formation is time-equivalent with the fossiliferous Gatún Formation of Panama.
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In the Drava River valley, the Neogene is seven kilometers thick. Many units contain lignit and oil is found in lower units. Sand and clay from the last 2.5 million years of the Quaternary unconformably overlies Neogene rocks beneath the Adriatic. Karst rivers often contain glacial sediments and terra rossa is common both offshore and on the Main Dinaric Ridge.
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The Lompico Sandstone is a sedimentary rock formation of lower to middle Miocene age. It overlies the Salinian basement rocks of Santa Cruz County, California. It interfingers with and is overlain by the Miocene Monterey Formation. These are in turn overlain by the mid to upper Miocene Santa Margarita Sandstone which is in turn overlain by the upper Miocene Santa Cruz Mudstone.
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Davy is a small lunar impact crater that is located on the eastern edge of the Mare Nubium. It was named after British physicist Humphry Davy. It overlies the lava-flooded remains of the satellite crater Davy Y to the east, a formation which contains a crater chain designated Catena Davy. To the southeast of Davy is the prominent crater Alphonsus.
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The Ma Butte Formation is also known as the Mill Creek Formation. It disconformably overlies the Beaver Mines Formation. It is conformably overlain by the Crowsnest Formation in the south and the contact between the two is gradational. It is disconformably overlain by the Blackstone Formation in the north, and it is correlative with the Bow Island Formation to the east.
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Cementum is the outer layer of the tooth root; it overlies the dentine layer of the tooth and provides attachment for the collagen fibres of the periodontal ligament. It also protects the dentine and provides a seal for the otherwise exposed ends of the dentinal tubules. It is not as hard as enamel or dentine and is typically a light yellow colour.
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The formation consists of uniform, very well sorted, fine-grained pink to buff sandstone with lesser amounts of shale and siltstone. It has a total thickness of . The sandstone is highly bioturbated and in some place shows ripple marks and low- angle crossbedding. It overlies and intertongues with the Mancos Shale and is overlain and intertongues with the Crevasse Canyon Formation.
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Alternatively, Tomichi Dome has been described as an extrusive, volcanic feature where the initial eruptions deposited breccia and tuff that is over thick. A flow or dome of topaz rhyolite overlies the tuff. Whether plutonic or volcanic, Tomichi Dome is possibly one of a string of igneous structures associated with the Rio Grande Rift, which stretches from Mexico to Colorado.
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The Baldonnel Formation is the middle member of the Schooler Creek Group. It is conformably overlain by the Pardonet Formation limestone and siltstone or unconformably overlain by the Fernie Formation shale. North of the Williston Lake it overlies the dolomite beds of the Charlie Lake Formation. It is equivalent to the upper parts of the McLearn Formation and Ludington Formation.
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The Redknife Formation is conformly overlain by the Kakisa Formation and overlies the Tathlina Formation in northern Alberta and the Fort Simpson Formation in British Columbia and Northwest Territories. The Fort Simpson Formation replaces the Redknife Formation to the west. The Redknife Formation can be correlated with the Nisku Formation and upper part of the Ireton Formation in central Alberta.
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Lunar Orbiter 2 image. Mandel'shtam A is in the center of Mandel'shtam, and Mandel'shtam R is similar in size to A and to the left, and it overlies the smaller Mandel'shtam T. The floor of Mandel'shtam, showing a typical highlands scarp at right. From Apollo 16. Apollo 13 image Mandel'shtam is the remains of a large crater on the Moon's far side.
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The hypoglossal nucleus bulges into the floor, creating the hypoglossal trigone, located slightly superiorly to the inferior fovea, within the median eminance. The dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve, within the medulla oblongata, comprises cells that are spindle shaped, also creating a bulge—the vagal trigone—in the region of the floor which overlies them; this is the region inferior of the inferior fovea.
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The flooded, broken rim of Winthrop overlies the western wall. The rim is the most intact along the eastern stretch, forming a mountainous promontory into the mare. A small cluster of central rises lie at the midpoint of the crater. The wrinkle ridge Dorsa Rubey traverses the floor from north to south,Map quadrangle LAC-75, Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature.
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The Bullhead Group overlies a major regional unconformity caused by pre-Bullhead erosion. It rests unconformably on the Fernie Formation, the Nikanassin Formation, the Minnes Group or the Kootenay Group, depending on the location and the extent of the erosion. It is overlain conformably by the glauconitic sandstones and marine shales at the base of the Fort St. John Group.
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Mount Painter Volcanics cream rhyolite in the mid north. In Lyons it is evident that the Deakin Volcanics are laid on top of the Yarralumla Formation, which in turn overlies the Mount Painter Volcanics. A fault running east west shows itself as a line of quartz on the surface of the ground. An anticline heads in a north-south orientation through the east of the suburb.
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The Southesk Formation is discontinuously present in the Canadian Rockies from Jasper National Park to the Flathead area of southeastern British Columbia. It is also present in the subsurface beneath the adjacent plains to the east. It conformably overlies the Cairn Formation or, in the Crows Nest Pass area, the Borsato Formation. At its margins it may interfinger with the Perdrix and Mount Hawk Formations.
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Smith is a lunar impact crater that is located within the huge walled plain Apollo, on the far side of the Moon. This crater is attached to the west- southwestern outer rim of Scobee and it overlies the northern edge of the inner mountain ring within Apollo. To the north lies Barringer. This crater is roughly circular and bowl-shaped, with a mildly worn outer rim.
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This crater has been heavily worn and eroded by subsequent impacts. A small crater overlies the northern rim and there is a short arc of smaller craters running south of this impact across the interior floor of Shternberg. The rim has also been damaged along the eastern side and to the southwest. The interior floor is pock-marked by a number of small craterlets.
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Unconformities mark both the base and, possibly, the top of the Nankoweap Formation. The red beds of the Nankoweap Formation unconformably overlie the Cardenas Lavas of the Unkar Group. At most places, the upper member of the Nankoweap Formation directly overlies the Cardenas Basalt. In Basalt Canyon, an angular discordance in this lower contact reflects the erosion of 60 m of Cardenas Basalt has been recognized.
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The Mount Whyte Formation outcrops in the southern Rocky Mountains of southwestern Alberta and southeastern British Columbia, and is present in the subsurface beneath the southwestern Alberta plains where it grades onto the Earlie Formation. It grades into the Snake Indian Formation to the north and Naiset Formation to the west. It disconformably overlies the Lower Cambrian Gog Group and is conformably overlain by the Cathedral Formation.
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Paleogeographic evolution with Barremian-Aptian (C) Los Adobes Formation, the lower unit in the Chubut Group was first described in 1970 by Tasch and Volkheimer. The formation underlies the Cerro Barcino Formation and unconformably overlies the Late Jurassic Cañadón Calcáreo Formation. The formation crops out in the southern Cañadón Asfalto Basin, south of the North Patagonian Massif until the Meseta de Canquel.Figari et al.
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In human anatomy, the adductor pollicis muscle is a muscle in the hand that functions to adduct the thumb. It has two heads: transverse and oblique. It is a fleshy, flat, triangular, and fan-shaped muscle deep in the thenar compartment beneath the long flexor tendons and the lumbrical muscles at the center of the palm. It overlies the metacarpal bones and the interosseous muscles.
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The Pacho Formation, pertaining to the Villeta Group, partly overlies and is partly lateral equivalent with the Hiló Formation and is partly overlain by and partly time equivalent with the Simijaca Formation. The age has been estimated to be Late Albian to Cenomanian. Stratigraphically, the formation is time equivalent with the Une Formation. The formation has been deposited in an outer marine platform environment.
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The Soncco Formation is a Late Eocene to Early Oligocene geologic formation in southern Peru. The base of the formation at the contact with the K'ayra Formation is dated using fission track analysis at 43 Ma and the top, the contact with the Punacancha Formation, at 30 Ma.Carlotto, 2016, p.522 In other places the Tinajani Formation overlies the Soncco Formation.La Torre et al.
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Pan de Azúcar Formation (, Sugar-loaf formation) is a geologic formation of Hettangian–Sinemurian (Jurassic) age made up of chiefly by sandstone, tuff, mudstone and limestone. The formation is located in the Coast Range of northern Chile. The formation interdigitates and is coeval with the Posada de los Hidalgo Formation. It concordantly overlies the Cifuncho Formation and is overlain by the La Negra Formation.
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The Barun Goyot Formation preserves an environment of sand dunes, created from wind-eroded rocks (aeolian dunes). The Nemegt Formation is a Late Cretaceous sedimentary formation in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia. It overlies, and in some places interdigitates with, the Barun Goyot Formation. It consists of river channel sediments and contains fossils of fish, turtles, crocodilians, birds and a diverse fauna of dinosaurs.
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The Pierre Shale is about 700 feet (210m) thick at the type locality. It overlies the Niobrara division and underlies the Fox Hills beds. It was named for an occurrence near Fort Pierre on the Missouri River in South Dakota.M.E. Maclachlan, New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook, 27th Field Conference, Vermejo Park, 1976 The Pierre Shale is of marine origin and was deposited in the Western Interior Seaway.
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The formation overlies across an angular unconformity older sedimentary rocks of continental origin as well as dykes and plutons that intruded these sediments. The unconformity has an irregular form attesting to a topography that was flattened out by the deposition of the Cola de Zorro sediments. Cola de Zorro Formation was deposited in Pliocene and Pleistocene times. The formation interdigitates with lavas of old and eroded volcanoes.
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The Amba Aradam Formation overlies the Agula Shale at Imba Aradom and in the eastern part of Dogu’a Tembien; further to the west, it rests on the Antalo Limestone and then on the Adigrat Sandstone. After the deposition of the sands that were to become the Amba Aradam Formation, planation has occurred. This was then followed by the deposition of the Tertiary Trap Volcanics.
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The Jimol Formation overlies the Uitpa Formation and is overlain by the Castilletes Formation. The age has been estimated to be Early Miocene (17.9 to 16.7 Ma), corresponding to the Santacrucian in the SALMA classification. The invertebrate fauna of the Jimol Formation is similar to the fauna found in the latest Early Miocene Cantaure Formation of Venezuela and the Culebra Formation of Panama.Moreno et al.
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47 The group unconformably overlies the Perijá Formation and is overlain by an unnamed Carboniferous sequence. The Río Cachirí Group is time-equivalent with the Floresta and Cuche Formations of the Floresta Massif, Altiplano Cundiboyacense and the Quetame Group of the Eastern Ranges.Ayala, 2009, p.21 The sediments of the Río Cachirí Group were deposited in an epicontinental sea at the edge of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean.
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1073 Paleontological data and carbon isotope stratigraphy indicate that the Shackleton Limestone ranges from lower Atdabanian through upper Botomian. The formation is a thick carbonate deposit with a lower unit of unfossiliferous interbedded quartzite and limestone, overlies the Late Proterozoic argillaceous turbidite Goldie Formation and underlies the Starshot Formation. Other lithologies noted in the Shackleton Limestone are marble with breccia, conglomerate, sandstone and shale.Laird et al.
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The Trout River Formation is conformably overlain by the Tetcho Formation and disconformably overlays the Kakisa Formation. In its western extent, it overlies and grades into the Fort Simpson Formation. It is equivalent to the Sassenach Formation in the central Alberta Rockies, with the Graminia Formation in central Alberta, the Crowfoot Formation in southern Alberta, the Torquay Formation in Saskatchewan and Lyleton Formation in Manitoba.
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The Kootenay Group conformably overlies the marine shales of the Fernie Formation. In most areas it is disconformably overlain by the nonmarine strata of the Blairmore Group, although in some western areas the contact may be conformable. North of the North Saskatchewan River the Kootenay Group grades into the Nikanassin Formation. To the south it may correlate with the upper part of the Morrison Formation in Montana.
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Field photo of the Dagshai formation exposed in the town of Palampur, North India.The Dagshai Formation has been dated back to the Oligocene-Miocene Epoch where it consists of primarily fine grained material of alluvial origins. The Dagshai is distinctive by its red color consisting of mostly red mudstone, siltstone and grey sandstone. It is the oldest continental deposits and overlies the Subathu formation.
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The stratigraphy at Swan Point is slightly different from the other sites in the Tanana River Valley; it is thinner because it is farther from the Tanana River. It consists of one meter of late Quaternary aeolian sediments overlying bedrock. The stratigraphic sequence is firmly dated spanning the last 11,700 cal years. Grayish aeolian sand overlies the bedrock and overlying that is a pebble layer.
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Shirakatsi is an impact crater that is located on the Moon's far side. It is attached to the southern exterior rim of the larger crater Perepelkin, and overlies the northwestern rim of Dobrovol'skiy. This is a relatively fresh crater that has not been significantly eroded by subsequent impacts. The rim edge is well-defined, and there are some terrace structures along parts of the inner wall.
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The Las Juntas Formation, the uppermost unit of the Cáqueza Group, overlies the Macanal Formation and is overlain by the Fómeque Formation and the Apón Formation in the Sierra Nevada del Cocuy.Villamil, 2012, p.168 The formation is subdivided into three members, from old to younger; Arenisca de El Volador, Lutitas Intermedias and Arenisca de Almeida. The age has been estimated to be Hauterivian.
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Plowing the soil during times of the year when this annual plant has not yet matured and set seed can prevent the species' propagation. The floodplain soil is silty and overlies limestone substrates. The habitat includes natural floodplains and farm land such as crop fields and pastures. Other rare plants in the Nashville Basin include Boechera perstellata, Dalea foliosa, Dalea gattingeri, and Echinacea tennesseensis.
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Mariner 10 image with Popova near center Popova is a crater on Mercury. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 2012, after the Russian painter and designer Lyubov Popova. The crater has a bright ray system that overlies surrounding features and is thus young. The peak-ring basin Chekhov is to the southeast of Popova, and the flat-floored Unkei is to the northeast.
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Structure 7 is a high pyramid on the south side of the Main Plaza. The south and west sides of the pyramid have been damaged by looters. Two burials (Burials 4 and 8) were found under the pyramid. Structure 7 overlies an earlier substructure known as Structure 7 Sub 1, the floor of which lies under the summit of the later phase of construction.
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The group consists mostly of dolomitePray 1953 but with some limestone and a basal sandstone. The total thickness is about .Pope 2004, p.46 The group overlies the El Paso Formation and is overlain by the Fusselman Formation or Percha Formation,Pope 2004, p.52 with both contacts difficult to define in some exposure areas.Paige 1916 Biostratigraphy of the group is consistent with deposition in the Cincinnatian.
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The land around the village is used for arable farming and grassland. The soil overlies Lias Limestone with shallow well-drained calcareous clays and clay loams. To the south west of the village and close to the route of the Wansdyke is the Newton Park campus of Bath Spa University. The site includes the Michael Tippett Centre, named after the composer, with a modern concert hall.
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The Dawson Arkose consists of alluvial fan and fluvial deposits that accumulated at the foot of the growing Rocky Mountain Front ranges. It overlies and interfingers with the Denver Formation which spans the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, and is of early Paleocene (Puercan) age.Barclay, R.S., Johnson, K.R., Betterton, W.J., and Dilcher, D.L., 2003. Stratigraphy and megaflora of a K-T boundary section in the eastern Denver Basin, Colorado.
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The Dunvegan Formation is conformably overlain by marine shales of the Kaskapau Formation in the Peace River Country and overlies conformably and transitionally the shale of the Fort St. John Group. The relationship between the Dunvegan and the overlying/underlying units is diachronous and the boundaries of the Dunvegan are placed at the first and last appearances of sandstone within the shale- dominated succession.
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Within a crater diameter to the northwest lies Berkner, and farther to the east is Bell. This is an eroded crater formation which overlies Helberg C along the east-northeastern side and Helberg H to the southeast. The southern rim is somewhat uneven, with an area of intrusion to the southwest. The interior floor has the remains of a crater rim at the northern end.
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The Straight Cliffs Formation overlies the Cenomanian- Turonian Tropic Shale Formation and underlies the Campanian Wahweap Formation. It preserves fluvial and marginal marine strata from the Kaiparowits Basin of the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway. The formation is primarily composed of sandstone and has lesser amounts of siltstones, mudstones, coals, and conglomerates. It is the partial lateral equivalent of the Mancos Shale formation further east.
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Temuco Formation a sedimentary formation near the city of Temuco in southern Chile. The formation crops out in the western part of Labranza Basin at the footfills of the Chilean Coast Range. It overlies the Bahía Mansa Metamorphic Complex and underlies sediments of Holocene age. The formation is thought to represent ancient river systems of low and intermediated energy near an area of volcanism around cerro Ñielol.
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On top are found, often several metres deep, great layers of periglacial deposits much of which contains carbonate-free to weakly carbonate loess loam. Oligocene shingle (Vallendar facies) overlies the older surface near Kettenbach and Hausen über Aar. Well known in professional circles are the occurrences of soil erosion (gullies and similar channels) in broad parts of the community which began in historical times.
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Bonnyrigg House The house is a Colonial Georgian residence, of sandstock brick, two storeys with cellars. Hipped iron roof overlies timber shingles and windows are double hung sash with sandstone lintels. A number of blind windows are centrally located on the upper floors, possibly linked to the use of the building by visiting magistrates. Inside it contains painted cedar joinery and a cedar staircase.
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The Neuquén Group is a group of geologic formations found in Argentina. Rocks in the Neuquén Group fall within the Cenomanian to early Campanian stages of the Late Cretaceous Period. It overlies the older Lohan Cura Formation and is itself overlain by the younger Allen Formation of the Malargüe Group, separated from both by unconformities, dated to 98 and 79 Ma respectively.Leanza et al.
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The Escucha Formation is a geological formation in La Rioja and Teruel provinces of northeastern Spain whose strata date back to the late Aptian to middle Albian stages of the Early Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.Weishampel, et al., 2004 The approximately thick formation underlies the Utrillas Formation and overlies Castrillo de la Reina, Benassal & Oliete Formations.
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The Belly River Formation is conformably overlain by the Bearpaw Formation and gradually overlies the Wapiabi Formation, the Colorado Group shale or the Lea Park Formation shale. It is equivalent to the Milk River Formation and Pakowki Formation. The Belly River has group status in the Canadian Rockies foothills and is replaced by the Oldman Formation (Judith River Formation in Montana) and Foremost Formation in southern Alberta.
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The St. Mary River Formation conformably overlies the Blood Reserve Sandstone, or the Bearpaw Formation where the Blood Reserve Sandstone is absent, and it is conformably overlain by the Willow Creek Formation. It extends from Glacier County, Montana to as far north as the Little Bow River in Alberta, where it grades into and intertongues with the contemporaneous strata of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation.
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The total maximum thickness is . It overlies the Atarque Sandstone and is in turn overlain by the Fence Lake Formation. The formation is laterally equivalent to the Tres Hermanos Formation, Pescado Tongue of the Mancos Shale, Gallup Sandstone, and lower Crevasse Canyon Formation. It represents beds southwest of the pinchout of the Pescado Tongue where the Tres Hermanos Formation and Gallup Sandstone are no longer lithologically distinguishable.
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The Tunnel Mountain Formation is present in the front ranges of the Canadian Rockies of western Alberta, and reaches a maximum thickness of about 200 metres (600 ft). It unconformably overlies the Etherington Formation or the Todhunter Formation of the Mississippian Rundle Group, and is conformably overlain by the Late Pennsylvanian Kananaskis Formation. In areas where the Kananaskis is not present, it is unconformably overlain by the Permian Ishbel Group.
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The Soncor magma chamber may have been too deep to collapse when it was emptied, explaining why no significant caldera was formed. The Soncor deposit was subsequently affected by glaciation and the stage I edifice by a debris avalanche, which was radiocarbon dated at 22,310 +2,700/−2000 years ago in the Quebrada de Chaile. This debris avalanche is thick and long. The Capricorn Lava overlies the Soncor deposits.
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The Beaver Mines Formation is part of the Blairmore Group. It disconformably overlies the Gladstone Formation and grades into the Gates Formation of the Luscar Group north of the Clearwater River. It is disconformably overlain by the Ma Butte Formation in the southern foothills and by the Blackstone Formation north of the Red Deer River. To the east, it is correlated with the upper part of the Mannville Group.
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The Chagres Formation is exposed in the northern part of the Panama Canal Zone. The formation overlies and partly overlaps the Gatún Formation. The outcrop area lies entirely west of the Panama Canal, extending from the Canal Zone southwestward along the Caribbean coast, about southwest of Colón. Calcareous strata at the base of the formation throughout most of the outcrop area in the Canal Zone constitute the Toro limestone member.
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The Isakov Terrane is a series of imbricated volcanic and sedimentary units containing ophiolite, which is underlain be volcanics, metamorphics and sedimentary rock. Unconformably overlying it is the Vorogovka group, a series of basins which were thrust over the Isakov. This terrane overlies the Central Angara terrane, having been thrust eastward over it. The Central Angara Terrane is intruded by alkaline granites with NNW trend in the elongated bodies.
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This unit constitutes the bulk of the basin-fill of the Willamette Lowland basin-fill aquifer. The basin-fill sediments are due to erosion from rock formations located above that have filled in the basin below. Local sand and gravel beds can have moderate to high productivity for water. This Map of the Hydrogeological Units of the Willamette Lowland Aquifer The middle sedimentary unit overlies the lower sedimentary unit.
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A fluvial and upper coastal plain facies that has been deposited since the Oligocene and, like the Akata and Agbada Formations, extends across the entire delta. The Benin Formation overlies the Agbada Formation, and consists of sands that are up to 2000 meters thick at some places in the delta.Avbovbo, A. A., 1978, Tertiary lithostratigraphy of Niger Delta: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 62, p. 295-300.
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The Marquette Range Supergroup also overlies an Archean basement. Originally termed the Animikie Series, it was proposed to be renamed in 1970 to avoid confusion with the Animikie Group in Ontario and Minnesota. On the map it is the dark grey area south of Lake Superior with four iron ranges shown. This supergroup consists of the Chocolay, Menominee, Baraga and Paint River groups, in descending order of age.
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A piece of the Becraft Formation showing an abundance of crinoid and brachiopod fossils. The Becraft Formation is a geologic formation of marine sedimentary rock found in New York State. The Becraft is a part of the lower Devonian Helderberg Group and conformably overlies the New Scotland Formation and is overlain by the Alsen Formation throughout the lower Hudson Valley of New York State. The formation is Gedinnian in age.
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The Chachao Formation is a geological formation in the Mendoza Province in northern Patagonian Argentina. It is Valanginian in age and is predominantly marine, being deposited at a time of marine transgression in the Neuquén Basin, and predominantly consists of carbonate rocks. The formation belongs to the Mendoza Group, sediments deposited on the Mendoza Shelf. The formation overlies the Vaca Muerta and is overlain by the Agrio Formation.
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The Bjorne Formation is a formation of sandstones and shales in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The southern edge of the formation includes petroleum reserves in Melville Island. The basin also includes Mackenzie King Island, Lougheed Island and portions of Prince Patrick Island, Borden Island, Ellef Ringnes Island, Amund Ringnes Island, and Cornwall Island. The formation underlies the Murray Harbour Formation and overlies the Blind Fiord, Lindstrom and Trold Fiord Formations.
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Lunar Orbiter 4 image Rheita is a lunar impact crater located in the southwestern sector of the Moon. It was named after Czech astronomer and optician Anton Maria Schyrleus of Rheita. It lies to the northeast of the crater Metius, and northwest of Young. The southwestern rim overlies the edge of Vallis Rheita, a long lunar valley stretching for over 200 kilometers on a line running northeast to southwest.
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Ahlberg et al., 2003, p.528 The formation overlies the Höganäs Formation and is overlain by the Vilhelmsfält Formation in the Helsingborg area and by the Mariedal Formation in the area of Landskrona and Kävlinge.Ahlberg et al., 2003, p.530 The Rya Formation is subdivided, from base to top, into the Döshult, Pankarp, Katslösa and Rydebäck Members. The formation is found in the Ängelholm, Helsingborg, Landskrona and Kävlinge areas.
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The type locality of the Huincul Formation is near the town of Plaza Huincul in Neuquén Province after which the formation was named by Wichmann in 1929.Wichmann, 1929 This formation conformably overlies the Candeleros Formation, and it is in turn overlain by the Lisandro Formation. The Huincul Formation is thought to represent an arid environment with ephemeral or seasonal streams.Coria & Currie, 2006 In some areas, it is up to thick.
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It is situated within the Wye Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and is at the head of a small side valley of the River Wye south of English Bicknor. It overlies Carboniferous Lower dolomite and Lower Limestone Shales which produces calcareous soils. It is part of the range of ancient broadleaved woodlands in the Wye Valley. In this vast collection of woodland there are many rare and local species.
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Subaerial tephra and volcanic bombs are the main volcanics comprising the volcano. These volcanics surround eroded remains of the basalt lava flows and are composed of the mineral olivine. Kitasu Hill rests on till that overlies glacially scoured bedrock. Satellite image of Kitasu Hill and its circular volcanic crater Near the northeastern shore of Price Island, a small eroded monogenetic cinder cone composed of basalt is covered by mature forest.
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The outside portion of spot seven overlies the interior edge of spot six on its forewing. In females, the orange band is thicker and the inner end of spot nine on its forewing is pointed. Both genders have a wingspan that ranges from . The caterpillar form of the orange giant-skipper has a body that is usually a greenish or bluish white with a dark brown headAllen, Thomas J., et al.
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The most prominent of these surface features are two enormous craters, the -wide Rheasilvia crater, centered near the south pole, and the wide Veneneia crater. The Rheasilvia crater is younger and overlies the Veneneia crater. The Dawn science team named the younger, more prominent crater Rheasilvia, after the mother of Romulus and Remus and a mythical vestal virgin. Its width is 95% of the mean diameter of Vesta.
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When sunlight does enter the interior of this crater, it does so at a very oblique angle. The crater rim is overlaid by several lesser craters, the most notable being a formation about half the diameter of Nobile along the western rim. There are also small craters along the southwest and northern parts of the rim. The outer rampart of Amundsen overlies the eastern rim and inner wall.
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The Eldon Formation is present in the southern Rocky Mountains of southwestern Alberta and southeastern British Columbia. It reaches a maximum thickness of about 500 metres (1,640 feet) at Mount Bosworth on the Alberta-British Columbia border. The Eldon conformably overlies the Stephen Formation, which hosts the fossils of the Burgess shale, in the south, and the Snake Indian Formation in the north. It is conformably overlain by the Pika Formation.
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The glenoid is directed backwards, and overlies a strongly developed knob-like process on the coracoid. The shaft of the humerus is straight and only slightly twisted. Several aspects of the humerus, such as the small deltopectoral crest connected to the humeral head by a thick ridge, do not resemble the situation in dinosaurs. Many of the joint surfaces at the shoulder and elbow are roughly textured and well-delineated.
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This crater has been heavily damaged by impacts and much of the rim has disintegrated, leaving a rugged region of small craters. The most intact section of the rim is in the southeastern part, which separates this formation from the adjacent mare. The satellite crater Repsold G overlies the southwestern part of the crater. The interior floor of Repsold contains a system of rilles named the Rimae Repsold.
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The Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone correlates with the Abrahamskraal Formation, Adelaide Subgroup of the Beaufort Group. Outcrops of this biozone are known from the south-western and central margins of the Abrahamskraal Formation where it conformably overlies the Eodicynodon Assemblage Zone in its south-western localities. In its northern and eastern localities it inter-fingers with Ecca Group-aged deposits. This biozone is considered to be Middle Permian (Guadalupian) in age.
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Located in the rearmost portion of the skull, the occipital lobes are part of the posterior cerebrum. The lobes of the brain are named from the overlying bone and the occipital bone overlies the occipital lobes. The lobes rest on the tentorium cerebelli, a process of dura mater that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum. They are structurally isolated in their respective cerebral hemispheres by the separation of the cerebral fissure.
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The lowest Chao I flow covers an area of . The Chao III flow has a smaller volume of than Chao I and II. It has less ogives than Chao I and II and forms a single lobe, high. The flow overlies the pumice cone and parts of the Chao II on its eastern side. A lava dome formed above its vent and underwent several collapses, generating collapse scars.
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The crater lies between the Salar de Atacama and the Western Cordillera at an elevation of on the Cordón de Tujle ridge, south-east of Peine. The crater is wide, elliptical and surrounded by volcanic deposits. The crater appears to have formed, after an initial lava flow eruption turned phreatomagmatic. It is embedded in the Tucúcaro Ignimbrite, which overlies an Ordovician basement and Paleozoic- Mesozoic volcanic and Neozoic mixed sediments.
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The Subathu formation containing predominantly of shales and minor amounts of sand. Field picture taken close to the city of Simia, India.The Paleogene Subathu Formation of India (correlative to the Bhainskati Formation of Nepal, and the Kohat Formation of Pakistan) represents the oldest known foreland basin deposits, and unconformably overlies older strata. The Subathu Formation and equivalents are relatively thin intervals (<150 m) predominantly composed of fossiliferous, organic-rich black shale.
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Guest is a lunar impact crater that is located on the far side of the Moon, just west of the large crater Fermi and north of Izsak. Guest overlies an unnamed crater of similar size to the north, forming a pair. With its high albedo, the crater is probably young. The crater is named after the British geologist, vulcanologist and planetary scientist John E. Guest by the IAU in 2017.
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The satellite crater Abel A overlies the southern rim, while Abel M and Abel L intrude into the western wall. The eastern floor of Abel has been resurfaced by past lava flows, leaving a relatively smooth, flat surface with a low albedo. The remains of a small crater rim protrude near the northeast wall. The western floor is rougher in texture and matches the albedo of the surrounding surface.
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Between Asra and Khost, calcareous sediments interfinger with volcanic rocks. In east-central Afghanistan, 500 meters of sandstone, shale, marl and conglomerate overlies Paleozoic and Precambrian rocks. Conglomerate, greywacke and sandstone grading into limestone (rich in rudist fossils), sandstone and marl in the north and southeast suggests a large sedimentary basin. Limestone, marl and claystone up to 1.5 kilometers thick indicates a major marine transgression in the Aptian, from the north.
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The Luscar Group is correlative with the Blairmore Group of the southwestern Alberta foothills; with the Bullhead Group and the lower part of the Fort St. John Group of northeastern British Columbia; and with the Mannville Group of the Alberta plains. It disconformably overlies either the Nikanassin Formation or the Minnes Group, and is disconformably overlain by either the Shaftesbury Formation or Blackstone Formation, depending on the location.
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At its type locality the marine Canaveilles Group reaches a thickness of 3000 meters, otherwise its thickness varies between 2000 and 4000 meters. On Mount Canigou the group's base overlies leptynitic, so-called “transitional gneisses” with underlying augen gneisses. The group's age reaches back to the Ediacarian, to about 580 million years. Essentially the group consists of shales (with subordinate black shales) and greywackes, intercalated are carbonates and rhyodacites.
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The Sassenach Formation is present in the Rocky Mountains and foothills of Alberta, extending from northern Jasper National Park to the North Saskatchewan River, and it has also been tentatively recognized in some areas farther south. It overlies the Southesk Formation or the Mount Hawk Formation, depending on the location. It is overlain by the Palliser Formation, and is laterally equivalent to the upper beds of the Alexo Formation.
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The Conasauga shale overlies the Rome Formation, and in turn is overlain by the Knox Formation. The Conasauga Shale is present as far south as Talladega County, Alabama, and extends north to Calhoun, Cleburne, St. Clair, Etowah, Cherokee, and DeKalb Counties, and into Northwest Georgia. The Conasauga has one of the thickest shale sections in the world. Total organic content of the shale ranges from 0.5% to 1.5%.
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Though therizinosaurs are not known from the formation, it overlies the Bayan Shireh Formation where Segnosaurus, Erlikosaurus, and Enigmosaurus were found. The multiple clutches indicate some therizinosaurs were colonial nesters like hadrosaurs, prosauropods, titanosaurs, and birds. The eggs were found in a single stratigraphic layer, suggesting the dinosaurs nested at the site on a single occasion and did not exhibit site fidelity (always returning to the same site to breed).
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Oblique Lunar Orbiter 5 image (band crossing image is artifact of original) Von Zeipel is a lunar impact crater on the Moon's far side. It partly overlies the eastern rim of the larger crater Fowler, and intrudes into the interior floor. To the north of Von Zeipel is the crater Esnault-Pelterie, and due south lies Klute. This is an eroded crater formation, particularly along the western and southwestern sides.
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Sääksjärvi is a lake in Kokemäki, Satakunta, western Finland, east from the town of Pori. The lake is notable because it overlies an impact crater. The crater is in diameter and is completely buried under the lake and is not visible at the surface. The age of the impact structure is estimated to be about 543 ± 12 Ma (million years ago), at the boundary between the Ediacaran and Cambrian periods.
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The lower unit is defined by the Resting Springs Member, the upper unit by the Emigrant Pass Member. It overlies the Wood Canyon Formation, and underlies the Carrara Formation. Springer.com: "Tidal Deposits in the Zabriskie Quartzite (Cambrian), Eastern California and Western Nevada"; John J. Barnes, George deVries Klein. The Quartzite is mostly massive arid granulated due to shearing, in beds thick within the park, and up to elsewhere.
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The formation is composed most of massive gray fossiliferous limestone with some shale and sandstone, with a thickness in excess of . It overlies the Panther Seep FormationKelley and Matheny 1983 with a slight disconformity, and its base is typically a thick biostromal limestone bed.Kues and Giles 2004 The formation unconformably underlies the Wilkie Ranch Formation.Cys 1976 It intertongues with the Abo Formation in the southern San Andres Mountains.
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View of the excavations in 1898. View of the excavations in 1905. The Corinth Excavations by the American School of Classical Studies at Athens began in 1896 and have continued with little interruption until today. Restricted by the modern village of Ancient Corinth, which directly overlies the ancient city, the main focus of School investigations has been on the area surrounding the mid-6th century B.C. Temple of Apollo.
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Boreholes indicate that the Rus Formation lies atop the Umm er Radhuma Formation. Due in part to anhydrite beds, the Rus Formation has salty brines at its base overlain by the freshwater Zone C aquifer. Limestone from the formation is widely used for concrete production. The Sharks Tooth Shale of the Dammam Formation from the middle Eocene overlies the Rus Formation with gray-yellow shale, marl and dolomite.
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The Hardyston unconformably overlies Precambrian crystalline basement rocks where it was deposited on an irregular surface and fills only the troughs or depressions. It gradationally underlies the Leithsville Formation of the Kittatinny Supergroup. Miller and Myers extended the formation into Pennsylvania in 1939,Miller, B.L., and Myers, P.B., 1939, Hardyston formation, IN Miller, B.L., and others, Northampton County, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geological Survey County Report, 4th series, no. 48, p. 206-223.
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The strata of the formation is composed by grey-blue marl & limestones. The formation overlies Sinemurian to Pliensbachian deposits of the Orava Unit, where there is disposed a southwest bedding dipping. The lowermost part of the strata recovers spotted limestone beds & alternations of dark Marls that are equivalent to the uppermost Allgäu Formation.Gawlick, H.-J., S. Missoni, F. Schlagintweit, H. Suzuki, W. Frisch, L. Krystyn, J. Blau, and R. Lein. 2009.
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On top of the Archean basement, the Aravalli Supergroup overlies with clear unconformities separating the two strata. The Aravalli Supergroup is divided into three groups: lower Delwara Group, middle Debari Group, and Upper Jharol Group.Meert, Joseph G.; Pandit, Manoj K.. The Archean and Proterozoic history of Peninsular India: tectonic framework or Precambiran edimentary basins in India. In: Mazumder, R. & Eriksson, P. G. (eds), Precambrian Basins of India: Stratigraphic and Tectonic Context.
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The occurrence at Dalarna (Dala sandstone), with its 50 km x 150 km area, constitutes the largest region known to be covered at present with Jotnian sediments. The sandstone extends beyond Sweden's border into Hedmark in Norway where it is known as the "Trysil sandstone". At Idre drilling has revealed that the Dala sandstone extends beneath the Caledonian nappes. The Dala sandstone unconformably overlies the Transscandinavian Igneous Belt basement.
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Milk River at Writing-On-Stone Provincial Park The Foremost Formation is the basal unit of the Belly River Group (called the Judith River Group in the United States). It gradationally overlies the marine shales of the Pakowki Formation. It consists of sediments that were eroded from the mountains to the west and carried northeastward by river systems, where they gradually prograded into the Western Interior Seaway.Eberth, D.A. 2005.
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The Tahora Formation is a Late Cretaceous geologic formation that outcrops in northeastern New Zealand near Gisborne. It is Haumurian in age according to the New Zealand geologic time scale (mainly Campanian, but ranging from Santonian to lower Maastrichtian). It forms part of the Upper Cretaceous to Teurian (Danian) (lower Paleocene) Tinui Group. It unconformably overlies the Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous Urewera Group or the Upper Cretaceous Matawai Group.
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The Pebbly Arkose Formation is part of the Upper Karoo Group, overlies the Escarpment formation (in the Mid-Zambezi and Limpopo basins) and the Angwa Sandstone Formation (in the Mana Pools and Cabora Bassa Basins) and underlies the Forest Sandstone Formation. The Pebbly Arkose has been correlated to the Elliot Formation of the Great Karroo Basin, South Africa and the Mpandi Formation of the Thuli Basin in Botswana and Zimbabwe.
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The San Benito Formation is a Katian geologic formation of central Bolivia. The formation belongs to the Cochabamba Group, overlies the Anzaldo Formation and is overlain by the Cancañiri Formation. The thick formation comprises a succession of shallow water quartzitic sandstones with minor interbeds of dark grey micaceous siltstones. Shelly fossils have been found at few horizons and consist mainly of linguliformean brachiopods, bivalves, and a few homalonotid trilobite remains.
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The Alexo Formation is present in the central Rocky Mountains of Alberta and the adjacent foothills, extending from the Crows Nest Pass area in the south to the North Saskatchewan River in the north. It overlies the Southesk or Mount Hawk Formation, depending on the location. It is overlain by the Palliser Formation. The Alexo was originally considered to extend as far north as Jasper but was revised by McLaren and Mountjoy in 1962.
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The inner walls have slumped, forming a ledge around the base of the slope. The interior floor is circular, but is offset to the east due to the asymmetry of the wall. The rim of the crater is sharp-edged, and is not significantly eroded. The crater overlies the southwest part of a similar- sized crater with the designation Horrebow A. This satellite crater also joins the southeast rim of J. Herschel.
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The Hell Creek Formation is an intensively-studied geological formation of mostly Upper Cretaceous and some Early Paleocene rocks in North America, named for exposures studied along Hell Creek, near Jordan, Montana. The formation stretches over portions of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming. In Montana, the Hell Creek Formation overlies the Fox Hills Formation. In 1966, the Hell Creek Fossil Area was designated as a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service.
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Oblique view from Lunar Orbiter 3, facing south Rosseland is a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon. It lies less than one crater diameter to the northeast of Carver, and about the same distance to the west of the larger Roche. To the northwest lies the smaller Coblentz. This formation overlies the southern rim of the larger satellite crater Rosseland V. The rim of Rosseland is worn and uneven.
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These dark compressed pyroclastics have been interpreted to be pumice. Some of the subsequence pyroclastic deposits contain fragments of pyrite and quartz, suggesting that discharged sulfide hydrothermal activity took place throughout the volcanic source area. Resedimented felsic, epiclastic and turbiditic sediments compose the Turtle Lake Formation. The base of this formation consists of a heterolithic, volcaniclastic, matrix-supported conglomerate unit that overlies felsic lava flows and pillowed, calc-alkaline basalts of the Link Lake Formation.
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Rutherfurd is somewhat oval in shape, with the long axis oriented approximately in a north–south direction. The northern outer ramparts have a series of radiating ridges on the floor of Clavius. The rim overlies the inner wall of Clavius, and thus the rim of Rutherfurd is higher above the surface along the north and west sides. The floor is irregular in shape, and there is a central peak somewhat offset to the northeast.
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There is some slight terracing along the southeast inner wall, but the remainder displays more of a radially grooved appearance. The inner wall is narrower along the northern side where it overlies Roche. The interior floor has been flooded with lava, leaving a low- albedo surface that is darker than the surrounding terrain. In this respect it is similar to the crater Jules Verne located about four crater diameters to the northeast.
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Lunar Orbiter 4 image Kaguya image Drygalski is a large lunar impact crater that lies along the southern limb of the Moon. It partly overlies the crater Ashbrook to the west on the far side of the Moon. Just to the north of Drygalski is the smaller Boltzmann. The location of this crater restricts its observation from the Earth, and even under conditions of favorable libration it is viewed from the edge.
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The upper and lower contacts of the Redwall Limestone are both unconformities. Locally, the Redwall Limestone directly overlies the unconformity that forms its lower contact consisting of a basal conglomerate. This basal conglomerate is typically composed of gravel that is locally derived from either the underlying Temple Butte Formation or Muav Limestone. The Temple Butte Formation consists of a thin layer of Devonian strata that fills paleovalleys cut into the underlying Cambrian Muav Limestone.
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Both sites are on the road net. The gold deposit at Rock Creek consists of sheeted gold and sulfide-bearing quartz veins in metamorphosed and deformed pelitic sediments. A placer gold deposit exploited in the early and late 1900s overlies the hardrock deposit. Early miners sunk workings to explore for hardrock gold, but did not find the large and high-grade gold-in-quartz veins necessary to be economic at that time.
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The Guavio Formation, the lowermost unit of the Cáqueza Group, overlies the Batá Formation and is overlain by the Macanal Formation. The unit is subdivided into five members, from old to younger; Conglomerado de Miralindo, Lutitas de Miralindo, Caliza de Malacara, Lutitas de Las Mercedes and Caliza de Las Mercedes. The age has been estimated to be Tithonian to Berriasian, spanning the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary. Stratigraphically, the formation is time equivalent with the Arcabuco Formation.
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Terlingua stratigraphic column - Buda Limestone The Buda Limestone is a dense white to yellow sparry limestone with numerous calcite veins that weathers to yellowish or pinkish due to its iron content. In far western Texas, the formation overlies the Del Rio Formation and is in turn overlain by the Eagle Ford Group. The total thickness is about . In trans-Pecos Texas, the formation rests on the Grayson Formation and is overlain by the Boquillas Formation.
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Los Bastos Formation is a geologic formation of the Neuquén Basin in the northern Patagonian provinces of Mendoza and Neuquén. The formation dates to the Late Cretaceous, early to middle Coniacian, and belongs to the Río Neuquén Subgroup of the Neuquén Group. The formation overlies the Portezuelo Formation, in which it was formerly included and is overlain by the Sierra Barrosa Formation. Los Bastos Formation comprises mudstones and sandstones deposited in a fluvial environment.
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The formation overlies the Lytle Formation and is overlain by the Glancairn Formation and comprises resistant, brown-weathered sandstones, and dark shales and siilstones, also described as bioturbated brownish sandstones with black and grey silty or shaley sandstone intervals. The formation was deposited in a variety of near-shore and/or marginal marine environments. The tracks occur in the upper part of an estuarine point bar sequence, overlain by brackish bay or lagoon deposits.
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Alberta, which overlies the most prolific petroleum-producing sedimentary rock of the Western Canada Basin. The Leduc discoveries put Alberta on the world petroleum map. News of the finds spread quickly, due in large part to a spectacular blowout in the early days of the development of this field. In March 1948, drillers on the Atlantic Leduc #3 well lost mud circulation in the top of the reef, and the well blew out.
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It has a destroyed crater to the northwest. Prehistoric lava flows on its western flank; one of them, the so-called Florida flow, was perhaps created by Platanar's most recent activity. Cerro Porvenir has a truncated caldera at the summit with a cone inside. Both of these are part of a composed stratovolcano of Upper Pleistocene age that on Platanar's side overlies the remains of Palmera's collapsed caldera, of probable late Pleistocene age.
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Adamsia is a genus of sea anemones in the family Hormathiidae. Species in this genus are mutually symbiotic with hermit crabs. The anemone gets a place to live and discarded scraps of the crab's food in exchange for its help in the crab's defence. As these anemones grow, they secrete a horny membrane, known as a carcinoecium, which overlies the crab's original snail shell and expands the living space of the crab.
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Paschen is a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon. The relatively large satellite crater Paschen M partly overlies the southern rim of Paschen, and they nearly form a merged pair with only a section of irregular terrain along their common border. The smaller but well-formed crater Paschen S lies across the southwestern rim of Paschen. As a result, most of the southern rim of Paschen is now gone.
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Beyond that line of ridges, the city slopes up toward the Horse Heaven Hills. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water. The former community of Vista is now a neighborhood fully contained within Kennewick. The city overlies basalt laid down by the Columbia River Basalt Group, which was a type of volcanic eruption known as a flood basalt.
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Butterflies of France Unlike most European Pyrgus species this skipper can usually be readily identified in the field as it is noticeably paler than its congeners. This is due to a heavy dusting of yellowish scales which overlies the dark brown base colour. The eggs are yellowish, roundish and flattened at both ends, with up to twenty strong longitudinal ribs on the surface. The caterpillars range from light to dark brown with bright sideline lines.
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This crater is a younger formation than the two craters it overlies, particularly the worn Huggins to the west. This crater retains much detail, including a terraced inner wall and a sharp rim to the south and east where the inner wall has slumped. The interior floor is relatively level, but rough-surfaced. There are a few low central peaks near the midpoint of the interior, and a few tiny craterlets to mark the surface.
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The central tendon of this muscle varies much in length and form, and is held in position by a process of the deep cervical fascia, which sheaths it, and is prolonged down to be attached to the clavicle and first rib; it is by this means that the angular form of the muscle is maintained. The tendon overlies the internal jugular vein, and can be used as a landmark for this vein during surgery.
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The palace has a central stairway on the south side, giving access to the upper levels of the building. The first and second levels of the Great Palace contain substructures that were demolished to build the surviving building. The first level overlies a substructure that dates to the Late Classic. The causeway runs south from the Great Palace to a complex located to the south, which consists of a group of structures with multiple rooms.
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Oblique Lunar Orbiter 5 image Schlesinger (lower left), from Lunar Orbiter 5 Esnault-Pelterie is a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon, named after French rocketry and astronautics pioneer Robert Esnault-Pelterie. It is located in the northern hemisphere, to the south of the crater Carnot. Esnault-Pelterie overlies the western side of the crater Schlesinger. To the south is the crater Von Zeipel and to the southwest is Fowler.
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By 1885 a rebuilt plant was selling high quality iron for railroad car wheels and cruiser engines for the United States Navy. Production ceased in 1890 when the costs of diminishing supplies of charcoal became uncompetitive with large supplies of coke available to Pennsylvania producers. The gossan deposit overlies a pyrrhotite deposit of iron sulfide ore. Assuming the depth matches the known surface area, this deposit would be among the world's largest sulfide deposits.
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Late Triassic (220 Ma) The Elliot Formation unconformably overlies the Molteno Formation and is conformably overlain by the Clarens Formation. Due to the reddish colour of the rocks, the Elliot Formation is colloquially referred to as the “Red Beds” in older literature. The Elliot Formation is dominated by mudstones and siltstones that can be finely laminated. However, the internal structures in the mudstones are often not visible due to locally poor laminations.
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This is a relatively fresh crater formation that has not been degraded through impact erosion. The rim edge is well-defined except along the southwestern edge. Along that side skirt of ejecta from Karpinsky overlies the edge and the inner wall, reaching to the edge of the interior floor. The remainder of the inner wall has a slumped in places, forming a steep top section and shelves or terraces of slumped material.
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There are small craters across several other parts of the rim. The northwestern rim and outer rampart of Seares overlies half of an old crater that is nearly as large in radius. The interior floor is nearly level in places, but is marked by a multitude of tiny craterlets of various dimensions. A series of ridges, grooves, and small craters forms a band across the central part of the floor from west to east.
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The Middleton Formation is a geological formation that extends through the Northern Cape, Western Cape, and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa. It overlies the lower Abrahamskraal Formation, and is the eastern correlate, East of 24ºE, of the Teekloof Formation. Outcrops and exposures of the Middleton Formation range from Graaff-Reinet in the Eastern Cape onwards. The Middleton Formation's type locality lies near the small hamlet, Middleton, approximately 25 km south of Cookhouse.
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It is the lowest unit of the Nanxiong Basin, a small graben created during Mesozoic rifting. Buck et al. state that it overlies Jurassic granite basement, and is conformably overlain by the Shanghu Formation. Alternative stratigraphic schemes for the Nanxiong basin have been proposed, one of which refers to the Nanxiong succession as the Nanxiong Group, and dividing it into the Yuanfu, Zhutian and Zhenshui formations, and overlying the Albian to Turonian Changba Formation.
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Within the Dox Formation, the Solomon Temple Member overlies the Escalante Creek Member. The Solomon Temple Member consists of cyclical sequences of red mudstone, siltstone, and quartz sandstone. The lower of this member consist of slope-forming red-to-maroon shaley siltstone and mudstone interbedded with quartz sandstone. The upper of the member consists primarily of maroon quartz sandstone that exhibits numerous channel features, and contains low-angle, tabular, and channel-like festoon cross beds.
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Buttes form by weathering and erosion when hard caprock overlies a layer of less resistant rock that is eventually worn away. The harder rock on top of the butte resists erosion. The caprock provides protection for the less resistant rock below from wind abrasion which leaves it standing isolated. As the top is further eroded by abrasion and weathering, the excess material that falls off adds to the scree or talus slope around the base.
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Il Redentore has one of the most prominent sites of any of Palladio's structures, and is considered one of the pinnacles of his career. It is a large, white building with a dome crowned by a statue of the Redeemer. On the façade a central triangular pediment overlies a larger, lower one. This classical feature recalls Palladio's façade for San Francesco della Vigna, where he used an adaptation of a triumphal arch.
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The parietal pleura is supplied by the intercostal nerves and the phrenic nerve. The costal pleura is innervated by the intercostal nerves. The diaphragmatic portion of the parietal pleura overlies the diaphragm and is innervated by the phrenic nerve in its central portion and by the intercostal nerves in its peripheral portion. The mediastinal portion of the parietal pleura forms the lateral wall of the mediastinum and is innervated by the phrenic nerve.
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The Clent Hills are a major outcrop of the Clent Formation consisting of Clent Breccia (predominantly a red-brown mudstone matrix) dating from the early part of the Permian period. The formation unconformably overlies the mudstones and sandstones of the Salop Formation which forms the lower ground to the north and east; both are assigned to the Warwickshire Group. The bedrock is cut by numerous faults, most of which are aligned NE-SW.
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The Wessex Formation is a fossil-rich English geological formation that dates from the Berriasian to Barremian stages (about 145–125 million years ago) of the Early Cretaceous. It forms part of the Wealden Group and underlies the younger Vectis Formation and overlies the Durlston Formation. The dominant lithology of this unit is mudstone with some interbedded sandstones. It is exposed in both the Isle of Purbeck and the Isle of Wight.
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The Río Colorado Subgroup, formerly named as Río Colorado Formation, is a Late Cretaceous (Santonian to Early Campanian) geologic subgroup of the Neuquén Basin in northern Patagonia, Argentina. It belongs to the Neuquén Group and contains the Anacleto and Bajo de la Carpa Formations. The subgroup overlies the Río Neuquén Subgroup and is overlain by the Allen Formation of the Malargüe Group, separated by an unconformity dated to 79 Ma.Leanza et al., 2004, p.
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The Liubava Formation from the Paleocene lies disconformably atop Maastrichtian age rocks and includes marl and glauconite silt 56 meters thick. It is overlain disconformably by the Eocene Alka Formation glauconite sands, silts and phosphorite up to 27 meters thick. The Prusai Formation with 10 to 12 meter thick amber, phosphorite and glauconite silts overlies both units. Carbonaceous sands with layers of silt and clay up to 18 meters thick deposited during the Miocene.
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2002 The formation is generally overlain and interbedded with flows of the Paliza Canyon Formation. It overlies beds of the Santa Fe Group. Radimetric ages for this formation range from 12 to 8 million years. Peralta Tuff at Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks National Monument The Bearhead Rhyolite is a thick stack of rhyolite tuffs, flows, domes, and associated shallow intrusions exposed from the northeastern Valles caldera rim to north of Cochiti Pueblo.
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The Umm er Rhaduma Formation, named by S.B. Henry and C.W. Brown in 1935 is the oldest Cenozoic sedimentary unit in Saudi Arabia, from the Paleocene to the early Eocene. It is visible in the walls of Wadi al Batin and overlies the dolomite and limestone of the Aruma Formation. The formation spans 1200 kilometers from Wadi Jabaliyah to the Iraq-Saudi Arabia border. Karst commonly forms in the uplands along with river channels.
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The Reindeer zone to the north is a 500 km wide collage of Paleoproterozoic (1.92-1.83 Ga) arc volcanic rocks, plutons, volcanogenic sediments, and younger molasse, divisible into several lithostructural domains. Most of these rocks evolved in an oceanic to transitional, subduction-related arc setting, with increasing influence of Archean crustal components to the northwest. The zone overlies Archean basement exposed in structural window that are now recognized as the Sask craton.
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The Morro Solar Group () is a stratigraphic group of Mesozoic-aged sedimentary formations exposed near Lima, Peru. The groups formations more specifically of Berriasian and Valanginian age (Early Cretaceous) and overlies the Jurassic Puente Piedra Group and underlies the Cretaceous Pamplona Formation. The Morro Solar Group is intruded by sills of andesitic composition. Together with the Casma and Imperial Groups, the Morro Solar Group contains clastic volcanosedimentary material derivative of the Mesozoic Casma Volcanic Arc.
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Nemegt and Barun Goyot The most recent stratigraphy divides the Nemegt Formation into three informal members. The lower member is dominated by fluvial deposits, while middle and upper members consist of alluvial plain, paludal, lacustrine, and fluvial deposits. The colour of the sediments is usually light grey to tan in colour in comparison to the typically red colour of the underlying Barun Goyot Formation. It overlies and sometimes interfingers with the Barun Goyot Formation.
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The Blomidon Formation is a unit of Upper Triassic (Norian-Rhaetian) sedimentary rocks, which outcrops in Nova Scotia. At outcrop they reach a maximum thickness of , but up to has been proven from well data and a thickness of up to has been inferred from seismic reflection data. It overlies the mainly Carnian Wolfville Formation and underlies the North Mountain Basalt. The type section is exposed between Cape Blomidon () and Paddy Island ().
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The Qutb Shahi Tombs are located in the Ibrahim Bagh (garden precinct), close to the famous Golconda Fort in Hyderabad, India. They contain the tombs and mosques built by the various kings of the Qutb Shahi dynasty. The galleries of the smaller tombs are of a single storey while the larger ones are two storied. In the centre of each tomb is a sarcophagus which overlies the actual burial vault in a crypt below.
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Page 15 The Group is the lowermost of two geological units that take their name from their colouration due to the presence of the mineral glauconite, the other being the Upper Greensand. The unit was deposited in shallow marine conditions. In southern England the unit sharply but continuously overlies rocks of the Wealden Group. While elsewhere as the sea level rose it covered previously emergent highs of Jurassic rocks, unconformably overlying them.
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Oblique view from Apollo 15 Panoramic Camera Delporte is a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon. It overlies part of the northwestern rim of the huge walled plain Fermi, and the crater Litke is nearly attached to the southeastern rim. The crater is named after Eugène Joseph Delporte. The rim of this crater is only marginally worn, although it is not quite circular and the edge is somewhat uneven.
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Rocks of Paleocene age are represented by the Esna Shale Formation which overlies the Sudr Formation. This is succeeded by Eocene age limestones of either the Thebes or Waseiyit Formations. Together with the middle to late Eocene Mokattam Formation this sequence reaches a combined maximum thickness of 500 m. These limestones are followed by continental to locally shallow marine red sandstones of the Tayiba Formation, which represent the last of the pre-rift deposits.
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The beach at Hampden looking south Hampden is situated beside a broad bay stretching from Aorere Point to Moeraki Point, on a coastal plain which rises westward to the foothills of the Horse Range and the Kakanui Range. The soil of this surrounding plain overlies a limestone formation. The Moeraki Boulders are located two kilometres south of Hampden. Much of the town lies between the Big Kuri (Kurinui) and Little Kuri Creeks.
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The site is in the Cotswold Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, is on the north-facing slope of the scarp and is steep. It overlies limestone of the Inferior Oolite and clays and sands of the Upper Lias layer. The designated site is part of a larger woodland area which has been replanted with conifers and broad-leaved species. There are seepage areas and a spring in the north of the site.
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The fields are in the Forest of Dean, near Sedbury, and are brackish pasture which overlies alluvia soil. They lie adjacent to the lower, tidal part of the River Wye, and are unique in Gloucestershire. The area is made up of a collection of fields which are crossed by rhines and water-filled ditches. This pastureland, which is flooded by spring tides (the Wye being a tidal river), is traditionally grazed in the summer months.
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A small outlier of largely Jurassic age Lias strata lies at the northern margin of the Porlock Basin up against the southwesterly down-throwing fault which marks the northeastern edge of this half-graben. Perhaps as much as a 100m thickness of the Blue Lias overlies the Penarth Group. The lowermost part of the Lias may be latest Triassic in age. In character it is grey mudstones and shales with thin limestones.
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In most areas of the state, landowners whose property overlies percolating groundwater may pump it for beneficial use without approval from the State Water Board or a court. In several basins, however, groundwater use is regulated in accordance with court decrees. Further, in Ventura, Los Angeles, San Bernardino, and Riverside counties, groundwater pumpers are required to report their groundwater extraction amounts to either the State Water Board or a local groundwater management agency.
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The volcano is formed from alternating layers of ignimbrite and lava, and consists of coalesced stratovolcanoes and seven separate coulees. Ice cover makes discerning its structure difficult, but about six separate peaks as well as six not readily recognisable summit craters have been counted. Additional lava domes form a southeastward trending line on the southwestern side of the volcano and dikes crop out close to Lake Pallarcocha. Coropuna overlies the margin of a buried caldera.
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The fault-bound Waterberg Basin is shown in light blue Late Permian (260 Ma) Late Triassic (220 Ma) The Omingonde Formation is named after a water well in Mount Etjo, Namibia. The formation is a lithological unit with an approximate maximum thickness of , deposited in the Waterberg Basin where it overlies the Damara basement,Thickness variations of the Omingonde Formation and is unconformably overlain by the Early Jurassic Etjo Sandstone.Wanke et al., 2000, p.
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TRSAs are areas where participating pilots can receive additional radar services. The purpose of the service is to provide separation between all IFR operations and participating VFR aircraft. The primary airport(s) within the TRSA become(s) Class D airspace. The remaining portion of the TRSA overlies other controlled airspace, which is normally Class E airspace beginning at 700 or 1,200 feet and established to transition to/from the en route/terminal environment.
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While the Hoko River formation overlies the Lyre Formation in many places, the two formations intertongue in others. The Makah and Hoko River formations are separated by a major unconformity. Calcareous clasts in the formation contain crab, gastropod, cephalopod, and wood fossils. Magnetostratigraphy performed in 2008 on samples taken from the type section of the Hoko River formation showed a correlation of age with either Chron C18r (40.0–41.2 Ma) or Chron C17r (38.0–38.2Ma).
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The Gai-As Formation is named after the ruins of a colonial German police station located at a spring in the central Huab area.Wanke, 2000, p.11 The formation is a lithological unit with an approximate maximum thickness of , deposited in the Huab Basin where it overlies the Huab Formation, separated by a significant hiatus,Wanke, 2000, p.25 and is unconformably overlain by the Etjo Sandstone,Horsthemke et al, 1990, p.
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An additional anterior expansion of the neural spine is seen in all vertebrae after the 14th. These expanded distal regions exhibit some sculpturing, and may have penetrated the dermis. Another unusual characteristic of hupehsuchians is the presence of dermal plates over the neural spines of the approximately 34 presacral vertebrae. A small dermal bone overlies each space between the posterior expansion of one distal neural spine and the anterior expansion of the one behind it.
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Generally, the Greater Himalayan crystalline complex is a belt of high-grade metamorphic rocks that extends along the east-trending length of the Himalayan range. It contains leucogranites interspersed throughout the entire complex, and they are early to middle Miocene of age. The complex is sandwiched by two major faults, with the Main Central Thrust in the south and the South Tibetan Detachment to the North. Additionally, the Tethyan Himalayan sequence overlies the complex.
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AP radiograph demonstrating companion shadow of the clavicle A rib companion shadow (indicated by two arrows) Companion shadow is a term used in describing radiographs that denotes the appearance of a smooth, homogenous, radiodensity with a well-defined margin that runs parallel with a bony landmark. Companion shadows represent soft tissue that overlies the respective bony landmark in profile. They are not seen in every radiograph and can be misinterpreted as pathology.
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Almesåkra Group overlies the plutons of the Transscandinavian Igneous Belt. At least in some outcrops the lowermost sediments are arkoses, presumably of local origin as grus. Geologists Eva-Lena Tullborg and co-workers consider the Almesåkra Group as originating from first phases of erosion of the uplifted Sveconorwegian region to the west. Near Brevik and Röjda there are diabases dykes hosting numerous rounded clasts of red Jotnian sandstone including both quartz arenite and arkose.
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The North Horn Formation is a non-marine, stratigraphic unit located in east and central Utah which unconformably overlies the Late Cretaceous Price River Formation west of the San Rafael Swell, and the Tuscher Formation east of the swell. The formation is overlain by the late Paleocene-early Eocene Flagstaff Formation, also called the Flagstaff Limestone. The North Horn type section is located on North Horn Mountain in Emery County, Utah.Spieker, E. M. (1946).
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Oblique view of Langemak crater facing south, from Apollo 17 Oblique view of Langemak crater facing west, from Apollo 17 Langemak is a prominent impact crater on the far side of the Moon. It is located less than one crater diameter west-northwest of Danjon, and nearly due east of Meitner. To the southwest of Langemak is Kondratyuk. Langemak partly overlies the larger and older crater Langemak N. This feature is also attached to the northeastern rim of Kondratyuk.
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British Geological Survey 1:50,000 map sheet 231 'Merthyr Tydfil' & accompanying memoir. However recent reclassification of the sequence has resulted in the definition by the British Geological Survey of the Pennant Sandstone Formation as a sub-unit of the newly established Warwickshire Group. The formation is recognised to be of Bolsovian to 'Westphalian D' age. It overlies the uppermost strata of the newly defined South Wales Coal Measures Group and underlies the rocks of the succeeding Grovesend Formation.
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They also occur in humid to perhumid subtropical regions, where they are associated with Acrisols and Planosols. with a light-coloured, coarse-textured, surface horizon that shows signs of periodic water stagnation and abruptly overlies a dense, slowly permeable subsoil with significantly more clay than the surface horizon. In the US Soil Classification of 1938 used the name Planosols, whereas its successor, the USDA soil taxonomy, includes most Planosols in the Great Groups Albaqualfs, Albaquults and Argialbolls.
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Interstratal karst is a karstic landscape which is developed beneath a cover of insoluble rocks. Typically this will involve a cover of sandstone overlying limestone strata undergoing solution. In the United Kingdom for example extensive doline fields have developed at Cefn yr Ystrad, Mynydd Llangatwg and Mynydd Llangynidr in South Wales across a cover of Twrch Sandstone which overlies concealed Carboniferous Limestone, the last-named having been declared a site of special scientific interest in respect of it.
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101 The Kupferschiefer unconformably overlies various formations of the Rotliegend Group and the Varsican basement and forms the basal unit of the Zechstein Group.Paleo-ecosystems, p.2 In some parts of the Zechstein Basin, the Kupferschiefer is underlain by the Mutterflöz Limestone, an organic-lean thin limestone unit. Despite its distinctive nature, the Kupferschiefer is not ranked as a formation but is officially declared a sub-unit of the Werra Formation, the lowest formation of the Zechstein Group.
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Further outcrops occur between Belfast and Lurgan and between Dungannon and Magherafelt. It unconformably overlies a variety of units from the Metamorphic Precambrian Southern Highland Group to the Lower Jurassic Lias. The current names replace an earlier situation where the present group was considered to be a formation and each of the present formations was considered a 'member'. Several other stratigraphic naming schemes were in use during the nineteenth century and much of the twentieth century.
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The Casselman Formation overlies the Ames Limestone, which represents the last marine submergence of the Appalachian Basin. The earliest portions of the Casselman Formation, consisting of sandstones and siltstones, are overbank levee deposits that were formed at the shoreline of the retreating Ames Sea. Overlying these deposits is the Grafton Sandstone, a cross-bedded channel-phase sandstone deposited by a meandering river. Above the sandstone lies the Birmingham Shale, which includes fine-grained siltstone and shale overbank deposits.
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The Villeta Group overlies the La Naveta Formation and is overlain by the Guadalupe Group. The age has been estimated to be Aptian-Coniacian and the unit is subdivided into the Conejo, La Frontera, Simijaca, Hiló, Pacho Formations, the Chiquinquirá Sandstone, and the Capotes, Socotá, El Peñón, and Trincheras Formations. The core extent of the group has been defined by Cáceres and Etayo in 1969, running from Apulo in the south to Muzo in the north.Acosta & Ulloa, 2002, p.
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The Sierra Barrosa Formation is a geologic formation of the Neuquén Basin in the northern Patagonian provinces of Mendoza and Neuquén. The formation dates to the Late Cretaceous, middle to late Coniacian, and belongs to the Río Neuquén Subgroup of the Neuquén Group. The formation overlies the Los Bastos Formation and is overlain by the Plottier Formation. As the underlying Los Bastos Formation, the Sierra Barrosa Formation comprises mudstones and sandstones deposited in a fluvial environment.
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The Yorktown unconformably overlies the Miocene Eastover Formation, and conformably underlies the Pliocene Croatan Formation. The Yorktown was divided into members by Ward and Blackwelder (1980). These are in ascending order: Sunken Meadow Member, Rushmere Member, Morgarts Beach Member, and Moore House Member.Ward, L.W., and Blackwelder, B.W., 1980, Stratigraphic revision of upper Miocene and lower Pliocene beds of the Chesapeake Group, middle Atlantic Coastal Plain, IN Contributions to stratigraphy: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin, 1482-D, 61 p.
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The type locality and the western branch are tectonically emplaced in the lower plagioclase-bearing paragneisses. These outcrops are spatially very close to the northern edge of the Chéronnac Leucogranite, a Pennsylvanian leucogranite with a very pronounced, east-west-striking foliation. The only exception are the serpentinites from Les Soumagnes and Bonnefont situated somewhat farther north and which are already associated with leptynitic gneisses. The southeastern branch generally overlies leptynitic augen gneisses folded into the paragneisses.
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This portion of the rim overlies the interior of an unnamed depression in the surface; most likely a damaged crater. In the remaining arc between the eastern rim clockwise to the north, the inner wall is much wider. As a result, the level inner floor is offset toward the northeast. The interior has a central peak located near the midpoint of the crater, then forming a linear ridge that continues until it reaches the western inner wall.
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From the Earth this crater is viewed nearly from the side, and it is illuminated by oblique sunlight. This is a worn, eroded crater with a rugged outer rim that is notched and incised from past impacts. A crater overlies the southwestern rim, and the two formations have merged to share a common interior floor. A pair of small craters lies along the southern part of the rim, and a small crater is also attached near the northern end.
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Because the Exshaw Formation is a widespread unit, it overlies different formations in different areas. It rests disconformably on the Wabamun Formation in the Alberta plains, the Kotcho Formation in northeastern British Columbia, and the Palliser Formation in the Canadian Rockies and foothills. It is disconformably overlain by the Banff Formation in most areas. The Exshaw Formation is equivalent to the lower and middle members of the Bakken Formation in southern Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, Montana and North Dakota.
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Oblique view from Apollo 17 Swasey is a small lunar impact crater that lies along the eastern limb of the Moon. It lies near the southeastern edge of the Mare Smythii, to the west of the walled plain Hirayama. About one crater diameter to the northeast is Hume, and to the southwest is the merged crater pair of Kao and Helmert. The outer rim of this crater is roughly circular, and a small crater overlies the northwestern side.
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Where there is crust, it is very thin, so that the Moho comes up to the sea floor. Sediment overlies the mantle, so this could be considered as crust. Since the Miocene Era there has been shortening of the ocean crust absorbed by folding, and thrusting. A 2003 study of the ridge's gravity and magnegic anomalies concluded that the Moho is relatively flat across the ridge, and that the ridge's upper part corresponds to a northwestwards vergent fold.
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The Ware Formation overlies the Castilletes Formation and is overlain by Quaternary alluvium. The age has been estimated to be Late Miocene to Early Pleistocene (5.2 to 1.22 Ma), Uquian, Chapadmalalan and Montehermosan in the SALMA classification, with a narrow definition in the Pliocene (3.5 to 2.8 Ma). The marine invertebrate fauna of the Ware Formation shows a greater similarity with modern assemblages offshore of the Guajira Peninsula than with those of the underlying units.Moreno et al.
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A plaza group directly overlies the principal chamber of the Cueva de El Duende (not to be confused with the similarly named Cueva de Río El Duende), which lies just southwest of the El Duende pyramid. A 2 meter deep midden was discovered in this cave showing heavy use during the Preclassic and Classic periods. A ceramic vessel bearing the earliest dynastic text yet recovered from Dos Pilas was found in this midden.Brady 1997, p. 608.
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The late mafic eruption products and the Cerro Blanco volcanics are geologically classified as making up the "Purulla Supersynthem". From the Miocene to the Pliocene the La Hoyada volcanic complex was active southwest of Cerro Blanco; afterwards came a 2 million years long hiatus. Cerro Blanco overlies this volcanic complex and outcrops of La Hoyada are found inside and around the calderas. The basement is formed by metamorphic and sedimentary rocks of Paleozoic to Mesozoic age.
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The Keyser is a nodular limestone overlain by thick- and thin- bedded limestone and laminated limestone at its type locality in Keyser, West Virginia. In central Pennsylvania, the basal "calico" limestone is a fossiliferous, medium-light- to medium-gray very thick bedded calcilutite containing numerous small irregular patches of clear calcite. The abundantly fossiliferous, nodular limestone at the base overlies the "calico". Overlying this is 5 to 6 m of fragmental calcarenite containing abundant crinoid columnals.
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Diagram showing deposition of sand that would become Berea Sandstone In the Appalachian Basin, Berea Sandstone is present in eastern Ohio, western Pennsylvania, western West Virginia, and eastern Kentucky. In the Michigan Basin, the sandstone is present in the eastern part of the state, thickest near Michigan's Thumb. The two deposits are separated by the Cincinnati Arch and are disconnected from each other. The sandstone overlies the Bedford Shale and the Ohio Shale and underlies the Sunbury Shale.
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The entire Grand Canyon Supergroup overlies deeply eroded granites, gneisses, pegmatites, and schists that comprise Vishnu Basement Rocks.Elton, DP, and EH McKee (1982) Age and correlation of the late Proterozoic Grand Canyon disturbance, northern Arizona. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 93(8):681-699.Karlstrom, KE, BR Ilg, Bradley, D Hawkins, ML Williams, G Dumond, KK. Mahan, and SA Bowring, Samuel (2012) Vishnu Basement Rocks of the Upper Granite Gorge: Continent formation 1.84 to 1.66 billion years ago.
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Chalk heath occurs where a thin layer of acidic soil (often loess or sand) overlies a basic (alkaline) one, such as chalk. Shallow- rooted plants grow only in the acidic soil (typically a few centimetres thick), and so these are species characteristic of acidic habitats. Deeper- rooted plants can reach the underlying alkaline substrate, and so these include species characteristic of alkaline habitats. Plants also occur which are able to tolerate both acidic and basic conditions.
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The Kesrouane Formation is the most prominent formation from the Jurassic in Lebanon, forming a thick succession of shallow marine dolomite. Thermal subsidence in the Palmyra Basin, may have opened additional room in the basin for deposition. The Bhannes Formation, a basalt complex that also includes shale, marl and carbonates overlies the Kesrouane. Potassium and argon dating found that volcanic rocks, outcropping near faults were up to 25 million years younger than Bhannes Formation sedimentary rocks.
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The Bearpaw Formation conformably overlies the Dinosaur Park Formation of the Belly River Group in central Alberta, and the Judith River Formation in the plains to the east and Montana. It is overlain by the Horseshoe Canyon Formation in central Alberta; by the Blood Reserve Formation and the St. Mary River Formation in southern Alberta; by the Eastend Formation in southern Saskatchewan; and by the Fox Hills Formation in Montana. To the east, it merges into the Pierre Shale.
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Cambrian through Ordovician rocks from the Paleozoic are found in all Kazakhstan's orogenic belts. A thin sequence, 200 to 400 meters thick overlies Vendian rocks in the Kazakh Upland, including coal shale, deepwater chert, limestone, phosphate and barite deposits. The Early Ordovician gives way to 200 meters of shale and chert, followed by flysch up to 3.5 kilometers thick and another thick sequence of andesite, basalt and coarse clastics. Silurian rocks are absent in the uplands.
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The type locality of the Candeleros Formation is Candeleros Hill in Neuquén Province, after which the formation was named by Wichmann in 1929.Wichmann, 1929 This formation unconformably overlies the Lohan Cura Formation, and it is in turn overlain by the Huincul Formation, also a unit of the Neuquén Group. The sediments of the latter are of lighter greenish and yellow colors and the boundary between the Candeleros and Huincul formations is easily recognizable.Leanza et al.
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Several well-preserved spherical and breadcrust bombs as well as poorly preserved bipolar fusiform varieties occur with the irregular volcanic blocks. A breach on the south side of the cone permitted drainage of a lava lake in the crater. The most recently formed part of the Flourmill Centre is a well-preserved composite cone on the northwest flank. It partially overlies deposits from the southwestern vent and consists of loosely consolidated volcanic bombs pervasively interlayered with agglutinate.
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This crater joins the satellite crater Van Gent X to the northwest to form a double crater. Van Gent also partly overlies what appears to be an older crater remnant to the southeast. This in turn is joined to Van Gent N, which is joined to Van Gent P along its southeastern side. The result is a crater chain of sorts, consisting of five craters forming an arc with the concave side facing to the west.
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Early Ordovician (470 Ma) Early Silurian (440 Ma) The Letná Formation was first formally defined in 1966 by Havlíček and Vaněk and crops out in the Prague Basin, a northeast–southwest trending minibasin stretching over between Rokycany in the southwest and Úvaly in the northeast. The Prague Basin contains an Ordovician to Devonian succession in the larger Bohemian Massif.Mikuláš, 1998b, p.143 The formation conformably overlies the Libeň Formation and is overlain by the Vinice Formation.
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The Pitkin Formation, or Pitkin Limestone, is a fossiliferous geologic formation in northern Arkansas that dates to the Chesterian Series of the late Mississippian. This formation was first named the "Archimedes Limestone" by David Dale Owen in 1858, but was replaced in 1904. The Pitkin conformably overlies the Fayetteville Shale and unconformably underlies the Pennsylvanian- age Hale Formation. Some workers have considered the top of the Pitkin Formation to be a separate formation called the Imo Formation.
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The San Francisquito Formation is from marine deposits of the Late Cretaceous period of the Mesozoic Era, and the Early Paleocene epoch in the Paleogene period of the Cenozoic Era. It is overlain by the Punchbowl Formation (east) and Castaic Formation (west), both of the Miocene and Pliocene epochs. It overlies the crystalline San Gabriel Basement Complex. It is found between the San Andreas Fault on its north, and the Devil's Punchbowl Fault on its south.
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The lithology of the Burro Canyon Formation is dominated by medium- to fine-grained sandstone, much of which has rounded chert and quartz pebbles above scour surfaces. The Burro Canyon Formation was deposited in a braided-stream system. The formation overlies the Morrison Formation, with the boundary placed at the first conglomeratic sandstone bed. It underlies the Dakota Formation, from which it is distinguished by the presence of green mudstone and the absence of carbonaceous material.
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The site partly overlies carboniferous rocks of the Forest of Dean. Some of the site is heath vegetation which is over Drybrook sandstone, and some is vegetation which grows on the calcareous soils on Drybrook limestone. This nature of this site is, therefore, of significant regional importance because of this complexity of habitats. The land (as its name would indicate) was historically allocated under an Enclosure Award (1814) and was to be managed for the benefit of the poor.
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Tunnel valleys play a role in identifying oil-rich areas in Arabia and North Africa. The Upper Ordovician–Lower Silurian materials there contain a roughly thick, carbon-rich layer of black shale. Approximately 30% of the world's oil is found in these shale deposits. Although the origin of these deposits is still under study, it has been established that the shale routinely overlies glacial and glacio-marine sediment deposited ~445 million years before the present by the Hirnantian glaciation.
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The Oldman Formation is a member of the Belly River Group (also known as the Judith River Group). It conformably overlies the Foremost Formation, and is separated from the overlying Dinosaur Park Formation by a regional disconformity. The sediments of the Oldman are superficially similar to those of the Dinosaur Park, which was included in the Oldman Formation prior to the recognition of the disconformity. The two formations can also be distinguished by petrographic and sedimentologic differences.
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The Soom Shale is a member of the Late Ordovician (Hirnantian) Cederberg Formation (Table Mountain Group) in South Africa, renowned for its remarkable preservation of soft-tissue in fossil material. Deposited in still waters, the unit lacks bioturbation, perhaps indicating anoxic conditions. It overlies the Pakhuis tillite and is overlain by the Disa Siltstone. It contains typical Ordovician microfossils, such as chitinozoa, acritarchs and spores, and its shelly fauna is also typical of this time period.
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Oblique Apollo 14 Hasselblad camera image Dziewulski is a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon. It lies between the craters Edison to the north and Popov to the south. The outer rim of this crater has been considerably worn by impacts, particularly along the southwest quadrant where the satellite crater Dziewulski Q overlies the rim and the interior floor. The northern rim is also heavily disrupted, and several small crater lie along the southeast rim.
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Henry lies on a segment of a river terrace that is about long just over wide. This fluvial terrace is underlain by stratified; yellowish brown to grayish brown; calcareous; and usually clean and moderately well sorted sand and gravel with cobbles and boulders. These sands and gravels contain occasional beds of silt and clay and unconformably overlies older sand and gravel deposits, glacial till, or bedrock.McKay III, E.D., Berg, R.C., Stumpf, A.J. and Weibel, C.P., 2010.
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Most rauisuchids have a crest on the illium called the supra-acetabular process that overlies the head of the femur, allowing them to have a "pillar-erect" stance. As an early rauisuchid Vjushkovisaurus lacks this crest, but it does have a small thickening on the surface of the illium. The humerus differs from other better known rauisuchids in that it is shorter and broader. However, it has been suggested that the only known humerus of Vjushkovisaurus may actually belong to an aetosaur.
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The most recent explosive eruption occurred about 2,350 years ago and the latest effusive eruption took place less than 1,500 years ago. Three echelon segments comprise the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt and are consequently referred to as the southern, central and northern segments. Each segment has at least one principal volcano along with several smaller edifices. The northern segment intersects the older Pemberton Volcanic Belt near the Mount Meager massif where it overlies uplifted and deeply eroded remains of Pemberton Belt subvolcanic plutons.
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The Huronian Supergroup on the north shore of Lake Huron in Ontario overlies an Archean basement. On the map it is the formation north of both Lake Huron and the Grenville Front Tectonic Zone. Huronian sedimentary rocks form a east-west fold belt and reach a thickness of near Lake Huron. Deposition of sediments began 2,450 to 2,219 million years ago and continued until 1,850 to 1,800 million years ago when the rocks were deformed and metamorphosed during the Penokean orogeny.
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Toba supervolcano eruption Talos Dome () (sometimes spelled Thalos Dome) is a large ice dome rising to 2,300 m to the southwest of the Usarp Mountains in Antarctica. The dome overlies the east margin of the Wilkes Subglacial Basin. The feature was delineated by the Scott Polar Research Institute (SPRI)-National Science Foundation (NSF)-Technical University of Denmark (TUD) airborne radio echo sounding program, 1967–79, and was named after Talos of Greek mythology, who assisted Minos in the defense of Crete.
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The Trujillo Sandstone, channel-deposits, and Cooper Canyon Formation, overbank deposits with minor channel and lacustrine deposits, are separated from the Santa Rosa-Tecovas by an unconformity. In eastern New Mexico, the Redonda Formation overlies the Cooper Canyon Formation. The Redonda has gradational eastward transition into the upper Cooper Canyon Formation. The Santa Rosa-Tecovas sequence has sediments made up of clasts derived from the north, northeast, and east of the Dockum, very similar to clasts found in the lower Chinle.
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The Winton Formation thins out just north of Winton due to regional dip and the semicircular outcrop pattern of the Eromanga Basin. Winton Formation overlies the older marine deposits of the Mackunda Formation. The Mackunda Formation represents the final phase of the inland sea that receded from the Winton area approximately 100-98 million years ago. The bones of "Elliot" and "Wade" were discovered 80 km north-east of Winton and were deposited very close to the shores of the retreating inland sea.
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The Tarjados Formation is an Early to Middle Triassic geologic formation in the Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin of La Rioja Province in northwestern Argentina. The red to whitish sandstones and conglomerates of the formation were deposited in an arid fluvial environment. The formation overlies the Talampaya Formation and is overlain by the Chañares Formation of the Agua de la Peña Group. The formation has provided fossils of an archosaur and a kannemeyeriid dicynodont, both not yet placed in a dedicated genus.
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They fade out in the gentler anticline of the downs and Weald of southern England which overlies the edge of the island. The axis of this anticline is normally called the northern Variscan front. However, the chalk of the downs is Upper Cretaceous, so the process continued well after the Permian. The point in the present context is that the stability of the island contrasts with the relatively unstable crust to its south, which was forced into a long mountain ridge.
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The Subachoque Formation is the lowermost of the lagunal and alluvial sequence of the Bogotá savanna. In parts, it conformably overlies the Tilatá Formation and other parts unconformably the Cretaceous Guadalupe Group and the Paleogene Guaduas, Cacho, Bogotá, and Regadera Formations. The Subachoque Formation is overlain by other Quaternary deposits of Lake Humboldt. The age has been estimated to be Early to Middle Pleistocene based on fission track analysis, with reported ages between 2.5 and 1 Ma.Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.
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Those Famennian strata represent the top of the Paleozoic series pleated with north dipping. Above, the transgressive Upper Cretaceous overlies horizontally with unconformity. It includes from the bottom to the top a paleozoic boulder conglomerate mixed with a sandy and glauconitic marl matrix, coarse clayey and glauconitic sands, containing Chlamys asper, Ostrea diluviana, Praeactinocamax plenus and finally marl with Terebratulina gracilis. These strata belong to the Cenomanian- Turonian and were deposited between 90 and 100 million years ago, during a transgressive phase.
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The formation consists of a light gray, soft, friable sandstone and shale, which is carbonaceous in part, and may have coal seams or thin coal beds. The Vermejo Formation is about 375 feet (116m) thick at the type locality which is Vermejo Park in Colfax County, New Mexico. The Vermejo Formation unconformably overlies the Trinidad Sandstone, and unconformably underlies the Raton Formation. The Rail Canyon sandstone member is a sandstone bed up to thick that is found above the base of the formation.
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The Bajada Colorada Formation overlies the Quintuco and Picún Leufú Formations. At its top, it is separated by the overlying Agrio Formation by an unconformity (sedimentation hiatus) that has been dated at 134 mya. Bajadasaurus stems from the Bajada Colorada locality, the type locality of the formation. The locality yielded the remains of another sauropod, the diplodocid Leinkupal laticauda, as well as of several species of theropod that can be ascribed to basal tetanurans and possibly to abelisauroids and deinonychosaurians.
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Metamorphism, often associated with faulting, may also be used to bracket depositional intervals in a chronostratigraphic column. Metamorphic rocks can occasionally be dated, and this may give some limits to the age at which a bed could have been laid down. For example, if a bed containing graptolites overlies crystalline basement at some point, dating the crystalline basement will give a maximum age of that fossil assemblage. This process requires a considerable degree of effort and checking of field relationships and age dates.
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The Gravelbourg Formation is conformably overlain by the Shaunavon Formation. It conformably overlies the Watrous Formation in Manitoba and southeastern Saskatchewan, and unconformably overlays the Madison Group in south-eastern Alberta. The Lower Gravelbourg is equivalent to the Reston Formation in Manitoba and parts of the Nesson Formation in North Dakota and Montana, while the Upper Gravelbourg is equivalent to the lower Melita Formation in southeastern Manitoba and the Tampico Shale of the Piper Formation in North Dakota and Montana.
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It was believed that the cranial skull—like a glove on the hand—accommodates to the different sizes of these areas of the brain, so that a person's capacity for a given personality trait could be determined simply by measuring the area of the skull that overlies the corresponding area of the brain. Phrenology, which focuses on personality and character, is distinct from craniometry, which is the study of skull size, weight and shape, and physiognomy, the study of facial features.
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Pikel'ner is an impact crater on the Moon's far side, named for the Russian astronomer Solomon Pikelner. It lies to the southeast of the larger crater Van der Waals, and to the north of the Vallis Planck cleft. Pikel'ner overlies more than half of the satellite crater Pikel'ner Y to the north. Almost contacting the southwestern outer rim of Pikel'ner is a larger concentric crater formation with the smaller crater of the pair, Pikel'ner S, along the northern edge of the pair.
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A schematic diagram of the rocks beneath the Etherow Longdendale is a steep-sided V-shaped valley that is glacial in origin. Longdendale is in the Dark Peak, where a thick blanket of peat overlies the Millstone Grit sandstone, formed on a bed of shale through which flows the Etherow. Directly beneath the upper valley lie areas of Carboniferous Millstone Grit, shales and sandstone. It is on the edge of the Peak District Dome, at the southern edge of the Pennine anticline.
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It is a thick accumulation of volcanic rocks that were either erupted from or eroded from the slopes of two belts of Eocene stratovolcanoes. These rocks accumulated within an intermountain basin between these belts. Before they were destroyed by erosion, these volcanoes are estimated to have had peaks that rose about to above adjacent intermountain valleys. Depending on location, the Lamar River Formation unconformably overlies either older lavas, conglomerates, tuffs, volcanic breccias of the Sepulcher Formation; Mississippian limestones and dolomites; or Precambrian gneiss.
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Zidini Formation interglacial lakebed sediments overlie the Latgale up to 23.5 meters thick. The overlying Letiza Formation correlates with formations such as the Oka in Russia or Sangaste in Estonia, associated with the Elsterian glaciation and includes till atop Jurassic rock. Eight meters of lacustrine sediment in the Pulvernieki or marine clays in the Akmenrags Formation line up with the mid-Pleistocene Holsteinian glaciation. Along the Baltic coast, up to 60 meters of brackish sand—the Jurkalne Member—overlies the Akmenrags Formation.
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The Middle Jurassic Isrutis Formation overlies both Triassic rocks and the Lava Formation with black sands 100 meters thick. Seventy meters of the Liepona Formation calcareous sandstones and gray clays lies above both the Lava and Isrutis formations. The Papile Formation is associated with the Callovian time period and includes marl, limestone, sandstone, sands, siderite and clay. Late Jurassic Oxfordian, Kimmeridgian and Volgian rocks 68, 36 and 20 meters thick lie above these units with approximately the same sedimentary makeup.
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New Siberia Island consists of clastic sediments ranging from Late Cretaceous to Pleistocene in age. The Late Cretaceous sediments consist of extensively folded layers of gray and greenish gray tuffaceous sand, tuffaceous silt, pebbly sand, and layers of brown coal exposed in sea cliffs along it southwest coast. The sand and silt often contain either volcanic glass, fossil plants, rhyolite pebbles, or some combination of them. Eocene sand, silt, clay, and brown coal overlies an erosional unconformity cut into the Late Cretaceous sediments.
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It dates to the Late Classic but overlies construction dating to the Middle Preclassic. A stairway ascended the front of the building, under which were found the remains of Late Classic polychrome ceramics, perhaps belonging to a pre-construction ritual offering. The stucco floors on top of the mound supported asymmetric walls that perhaps date to the Postclassic Period, being associated with a mix of Late Classic and Postclassic pottery. Structures 7, 8 and 9 were long, low rectangular platforms.
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Selsley Common () is a biological and geological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Gloucestershire, notified in 1966.Natural England SSSI information for citation, map and unit detail It is a large open expanse and a rich habitat for rare flora and fauna. During the summer, bird song mingles with the sound of cattle as commoners can, and still do, exercise grazing rights. The common and village are in the Cotswold Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and overlies the Jurassic limestone of the Cotswolds.
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The Morrissey Formation abruptly but conformably overlies the "Passage Beds" at the top of the Fernie Formation, and is in turn abruptly but conformably overlain by the Mist Mountain Formation. To the north in the vicinity of the North Saskatchewan River it interfingers with and grades into the Nikanassin Formation. To the east it was truncated by pre-Aptian erosion and is unconformably overlain by the Cadomin Formation. Its correlation south of the Canada-United States border in Montana is uncertain.
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The formation is highly variable in lithology, consisting of interbedded black to reddish sandy, silty, or calcareous shale; brown to olive calcarious siltstone, brown to gray calcareous arkosic sandstone; gypsum; and gray argillaceous to silty limestone. It varies in thickness from . It overlies the Lead Camp Limestone or Bishop Cap Formation and is overlain by the Hueco Group.Kues and Giles 2004 The unit likely correlates with Bar B Formation in the Caballo Mountains and the Holder Formation in the Sacramento Mountains.
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In the grounds stands a Class I Pictish symbol stone, attesting to the area's long history. The circular nature of the grave yard suggests that the church overlies an earlier, Dark Age site. It was listed in 1971 as a category A building.St Brendon's Church Of Scotland, Birnie Parish Church, Burial Ground, and Gatepiers There is a legend that in November 1704 Sir Robert Gordon, known as the "Wizard of Gordonstoun", was pursued by the Devil as he rode towards Birnie Kirk.
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The Kandreho Formation is an Early Jurassic (middle or late Toarcian) geological formation of the Mahajanga Basin of Madagascar. The marly limestones of the formation were deposited in a subtidal lagoonal environment. The formation overlies the Bouleiceras and Spiriferina beds of the early Toarcian and has been correlated to the Marrat Formation of Saudi Arabia. Fossils of the marine crocodylian Andrianavoay (originally classed as a species of Steneosaurus) as well as bivalves and the ammonite Nejdia have been found in the formation.
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The peat overlies a bedrock of coal measures and millstone grit. During the building phase, a crack in the bedrock, as a result of the earthworks, diverted a watercourse and the cabling works caused the peat to dry out. This has been cited by opponents of wind farm schemes across the United Kingdom when challenging the application process at the approvals stage. Access from the local roads onto the moorland was developed using a special floating road of interwoven plastic grids.
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In the area surrounding Mount Jefferson, monogenetic volcanoes constructed an upland area composed of basaltic lava flows and small volcanic vents. Within this region, basaltic vents occur at Olallie Butte, Potato Butte, Sisi Butte, North Cinder Peak, and South Cinder Peak, with basaltic lava flows at Cabot Creek, Jefferson Creek, and upper Puzzle Creek. There are several hundred other basaltic volcanoes within the central Oregon High Cascades, extending up to away. Mount Jefferson overlies an silicic volcanic field from the early Pleistocene.
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The date of the ring is more likely to be incorrect. Other estimates indicate that Pampa Chamaca overlies the Corral de Coquena deposits, an as yet unsettled question. The Atana ignimbrite that clearly pre-dates the Coquena ring has been reassessed as being 3.9-4.2 ± 0.1-0.2 mya old, reducing the estimated age of Corral de Coquena as well. The rampart is formed by glassy rhyolite, or dacite, typical of the potassium-rich calc-alkaline series of the Central Volcanic Zone.
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Lunar Orbiter 4 image Poczobutt is a large lunar impact crater that is located on the far side of the Moon, just beyond the northwestern limb in an area occasionally brought into sight due to libration effects. This is a damaged formation that is partly overlain by several named craters. Across the rim to the north-northeast is the crater Smoluchowski. The crater Zsigmondy overlies the northeastern rim, and Omar Khayyam is located in the western part of Poczobutt's interior.
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Cross-bedding in sandstone of the Beacon Supergroup suggests a fluvial environment. The Taylor Group is separated from the overlying Victoria Group by a disconformity called the Maya Erosion Surface. Taylor Group formations in the Darwin Mountains region include the Brown Hills Conglomerate (34 m), which overlies pre-Devonian plutonic rocks, of igneous and metamorphic nature, with over 30 m of erosional relief, and igneous and metamorphic clasts. The conglomerate is poorly sorted at the base, with influxes of coarser material.
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The Nikanassin is roughly equivalent to the Kootenay Group of the southern Alberta foothills and the Minnes Group north of northeastern British Columbia. It conformably overlies and interfingers with the "Passage Beds" at the top of the Fernie Formation. A major period of regional erosion occurred after the deposition of the Nikanassin, removing some of the uppermost Nikanassin strata prior to the deposition of the overlying conglomerates of the Cadomin Formation. The contact between the two formations is thus sharp and unconformable.
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The Tropic Shale is predominantly marine mudstone and claystone, with several radioisotopically-dated bentonite marker beds, and occasional sandstone layers deposited during the late Cretaceous Period during the Upper Cenomanian through the Middle Turonian (95-92 Ma). The Tropic Shale has an average thickness range from 183–274 m. The Tropic Shale conformity overlies the Dakota Formation and underlies the Straight Cliffs Formation. The top of the Dakota Formation is known for its sandier coarsening up sequences and estuarine shell beds.
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Leptocleidus capensis (Andrews, 1911) from the Sundays River Formation The Sundays River Formation overlies the Kirkwood Formation which it grades laterally into in certain areas, meaning that they correlate in age in some localities. The sedimentary rock of the Sundays River comprises mainly fine to medium grained grey sandstones which often contain shell fragments, siltstones, and mudstones. The sandstone layers are frequently cemented with calcite layers. These were deposited in a shallow marine environment which likely included estuarine and lagoonal settings.
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The sandstones within the Kitadani Formation are light gray and green and range in clast size from fine to coarse. The type section of the Kitadani Formation occurs along the Nakanomatadani branch of the Takinami River:ja:滝波川 near the city of Katsuyama, where it is approximately 100 m (~328 feet) in thickness. The Kitadani Formation conformably overlies the Akaiwa Formation and is unconformably overlain by the Omichidani Formation. The Kitadani Formation has had varying nomenclature throughout the history of its study.
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The soil forming process (pedogenesis) can begin without the aid of biology but is significantly quickened in the presence of biologic reactions. Soil formation begins with the chemical and/or physical breakdown of minerals to form the initial material that overlies the bedrock substrate. Biology quickens this by secreting acidic compounds that help break rock apart. Particular biologic pioneers are lichen, mosses and seed bearing plants, but many other inorganic reactions take place that diversify the chemical makeup of the early soil layer.
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Terminology in archaeology is not definitive but the following are typical uses of terms: # Cuts: A context is said to cut another context if the former's creation removed a part of the latter. For example a ditch cut, cuts all the contexts that made up the ground the ditch was dug into. Reciprocally, a context may be said to be cut by another. # Overlies: A context is said to overlie another when the overlying context is later in time and makes physical contact with the earlier context.
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The Adoudounian Series overlies the Ouarzazate and marks the start of the Cambrian, formed in parallel with the rapid expansion of multicellular life. The base of series is conglomerate, followed by marl, sandstones and additional carbonate sequences. The Amouslek Formation, within the Adounian Series is made up of shale and limestone and is laden with trilobite and archaeocyathid fossils, from an Early Cambrian shallow marine environment. The Goulimine Quartzitic Series from the Middle Cambrian also contains trilobites, although the Late Cambrian is not exposed.
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The adult human brain weighs on average about which is about 2% of the total body weight, with a volume of around 1260 cm3 in men and 1130 cm3 in women. There is substantial individual variation, with the standard reference range for men being and for women . The cerebrum, consisting of the cerebral hemispheres, forms the largest part of the brain and overlies the other brain structures. The outer region of the hemispheres, the cerebral cortex, is grey matter, consisting of cortical layers of neurons.
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The formation overlies the Knorringfjellet Formation and is overlain by the Rurikfjellet Formation. The formation comprises the lower Oppdalsåta and upper Slottsmøya Members The sediments comprise mudstones, dolomites and shales deposited in an open to deep marine low oxygen environment. The Slottsmøya Member, which averages in thickness in the study area, consists of dark-grey to black silty mudstone, often weathering to paper shale, and discontinuous silty beds with local occurrences of red to yellowish sideritic concretions as well as siderite and dolomite interbeds.
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528 is a sedimentary formation of the Santa Maria Group (also called Santa Maria Supersequence) in the Paraná Basin in Rio Grande do Sul, southeastern Brazil.Candelária Formation at Fossilworks.org The formation dates to the Carnian of the Late Triassic, locally referred to as Tuvalian, from 231.4 to approximately 222 Ma. The Candelária Formation is composed of mudstones and sandstones deposited in a lacustrine to deltaic (distal floodplain) environment. It overlies the Santa Maria Formation and is partly overlain by and partly laterally equivalent to the Caturrita Formation.
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This species is very similar to Mycalesis nicotia. It differs only in the conspicuously darker ground colour of the underside, in having the tuft of hairs that overlies the sexual patch of specialized scales on the upperside of the hindwing in the male brown not black, and in the sex-mark on the underside of the forewing being larger and much paler in colour. These differences, slight as they are, seem constant through a series. Only the wet-season ocellated form of this species has been recorded.
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The Khatyspyt Formation is a Neoproterozoic formation exposed in the Olenëk Uplift of north central Siberia, which contains the only known instance of the Ediacara biota preserved in a limestone bed. The Khatyspyt Formation forms one of the major parts of the Khorbusuonka Group; underlying the Khatyspyt are dolomites of the Mastakh Formation and their overlying red beds; the Turkut Formation overlies the Khatyspyt. The Khatyspyt and part of the overlying Turkut comprise a major shallowing upward marine carbonate sequence. Khatyspytia is named after this formation.
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The Bearpaw Formation, also called the Bearpaw Shale, is a sedimentary rock formation found in northwestern North America. It is exposed in the U.S. state of Montana, as well as the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan, east of the Rocky Mountains. It overlies the older Two Medicine, Judith River and Dinosaur Park Formations, and is in turn overlain by the Horseshoe Canyon Formation in Canada and the Fox Hills Sandstone in Montana. To the east and south it blends into the Pierre Shale.
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Hell Creek Formation is well exposed in the badlands in the vicinity of Ft. Peck Reservoir. The Hell Creek Formation is an intensely studied division of Upper Cretaceous to lower Paleocene rocks in North America, named for exposures studied along Hell Creek, near Jordan, Montana. The Hell Creek Formation occurs in badlands of eastern Montana and portions of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming. In Montana, the Hell Creek Formation overlies the Fox Hills Formation and is the uppermost formation of the Cretaceous period.
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Galvani is a lunar impact crater that lies close to the northwestern limb of the Moon, due south of the larger walled plain Volta. It partly overlies the southeast rim of the crater Langley, which occupies half the gap between Volta and Galvani. To the northeast is the large walled plain Repsold, and to the west-southwest, on the far side of the Moon, is the crater McLaughlin. Due to its location, Galvani is viewed from an oblique angle from the Earth, and it appears highly foreshortened.
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The type section of the Emu Bay Shale crops out on the east side of Emu Bay where it conformably overlies the White Point Conglomerate. Here it yields a rich assemblage of Estaingia, Redlichia, hyolithids, brachiopods, and the scleritome-bearing Chancelloria. At the Big Gully locality (8 km east of White Point), its presumed correlative is unconformable on the White Point Conglomerate and yields soft-bodied fossils in addition to the trilobites, including two species of the giant predator Anomalocaris (A. briggsi and Anomalocaris cf.
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The Sonoma Valley is part of the Coast Range Physiographic provence. Basement rocks that make up the valley at great depth are the Great Valley Sequence shale, sandstone and conglomerate deposited in a continental slope- to abysmal plain environment via turbidite flows. The Cretaceous Great Valley Sequence overlies and contacts the Franciscan Complex along the Coast Range Thrust. The Jurassic-Cretaceous Franciscan Complex includes crumpled, uplifted terranes that have resulted from the subduction of the former oceanic Farallon Plate under the North American continent.
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Older lava dated from the toe of the ridge was estimated to be roughly between 1.1 and 1.2 million years old. Geologists have classified the volcano's lava flows into two units. The Hawi Volcanic layers were deposited in the postshield stage of the volcano's life, and the younger Pololu Volcanics were deposited in the volcano's shield-building stage. The rock in the younger Hawi section, which overlies the older Pololu flows, is mostly 260,000 to 140,000 years old, and composed mainly of hawaiite and trachyte.
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Argon-argon dating of the Ischigualasto Formation (which locally overlies the Los Rastros) in 1993 also produced an age near the Ladinian-Carnian boundary, thus constraining the Chañares to the Ladinian. However, more accurate uranium-lead dating subsequently necessitated revisions of the geological time scale. The Ischigualasto was reassigned to the late Carnian, making a Carnian age possible for the Chañares. This was reaffirmed by uranium-lead dating of Chañares deposits in 2016, indicating an early Carnian age of 236 to 234 million years.
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This rock formation is particularly prominent in the Grand Canyon, where it is visible as a prominent white cliff- forming layer. The thickness of the formation varies due to regional structural features; in the Grand Canyon area it is only 65 ft thick in the west, thickens to over 600 ft in the middle and then thins to 57 ft in the east. Either the Kaibab Limestone or Toroweap Formation overlies the Coconino Sandstone. The Coconino Sandstone is typically buff to white in color.
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Refraction is strongly affected by temperature gradients, which can vary considerably from day to day, especially over water. In extreme cases, usually in springtime, when warm air overlies cold water, refraction can allow light to follow the Earth's surface for hundreds of kilometres. Opposite conditions occur, for example, in deserts, where the surface is very hot, so hot, low-density air is below cooler air. This causes light to be refracted upward, causing mirage effects that make the concept of the horizon somewhat meaningless.
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The rim is somewhat worn but retains much detail. The crater partly overlies the older and smaller Pontécoulant E along the southern rim, and has several tiny craterlets on the eastern inner wall and one to the southwest. The inner floor is nearly flat, with some rough ground near the southern rim and some low central peaks located southwest of the midpoint. There is a small but prominent crater located at the center of the floor, and several other tiny craterlets scattered across the inner surface.
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The lithology of the unit is a cyclic variation of conglomerate, sandstone, variegated siltstone, clay and marl layers with some sporadic thin coal seams. It is uncomfortably overlies the Late Triassic Main Dolomite Formation, which has deposits of the Upper Cretaceous Nagytárkány Bauxite Formation within deep karstic sinkholes in the formation. There is a basal conglomerate of dolomite clasts at the base of the Csehbánya formation. The main exposed portion of the formation is called the Iharkút locality, which is a disused bauxite quarry.
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The Trempealeauan is the upper or latest stage of the Upper or Late Cambrian in North America, spanning about 4 million years from about 492.5 to 488.3 m.y.a., equivalent to the Fengshanian of China. The name comes from the Trempealeau Formation, named for the town of Trempealeau in western Wisconsin, located on the Mississippi River. The Trempealeauan follows, or overlies, the Franconian, which is the middle stage of the Upper Cambrian in North America and is followed by the Gasconadian in the Lower Ordovician.
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Paneth is a lunar impact crater that is located on the far side of the Moon, just beyond the northwestern limb. It lies just to the north-northeast of the crater Smoluchowski, and to the east-southeast of Boole on the near side. The rim of Paneth is worn but not inordinately so; the edge remains well-defined and marked only by small craters along the northwest and southeast. This formation partly overlies a shallower crater Paneth K along the southeast of the rim.
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It was named for Fish Haven Creek, in the Bear River Range near the Utah-Idaho state line. Other locations it is found in include the Schell Creek Range, Goshute Mountains, Deep Creek Range, Pilot Range, and Toana John Mountains. The Dolomite formation overlies the Eureka Quartzite formation, and underlies the Laketown Dolomite formation. The Fish Haven Dolomite, like the Ely Springs Dolomite, was formed by subtidal to intertidal shallow shelf carbonates, deposited in water depths of or less in lagoonal and shallow shoal settings.
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The formation regionally overlies the Chico Formation and regionally underlies the Tejon Formation or the Ione Formation. It is exposed in the Clevelin Hills in Riverside County, Santa Ana Mountains in Orange County, northwestern Santa Monica Mountains near Calabasas in Los Angeles County, and north of Mount Diablo/south of the Sacramento Delta in Contra Costa County. Google Books: "The stratigraphic and faunal relations of the Martinez formation to the Chico and Tejon of Southern California", Clarence A. Waring; Stanford University Dept. of Geology; Jun 4, 2011 .
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Tharsis is commonly called a volcano-tectonic province, meaning that it is the product of volcanism and associated tectonic processes that have caused extensive crustal deformation. According to the standard view, Tharsis overlies a hot spot, similar to the one thought to underlie the island of Hawaii. The hot spot is caused by one or more massive columns of hot, low- density material (a superplumeDohm, J.M. et al. (2007). Traits and Evolution of the Tharsis Superplume, Mars in Superplumes: Beyond Plate Tectonics, D.A. Yuen et al.
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The Banff Formation is overlies the Palliser Formation in the Canadian Rockies, the Wabamun Formation in central Alberta, the Exshaw Formation in southern Alberta and in the Fort Nelson area. It is overlain by the Pekisko Formation and the Livingstone Formation in north- central and southern Alberta respectively, and it is followed by the Shunda Formation in north-eastern British Columbia. An unconformity is observed between Banff and the Rundle Group in outcrop. The Banff Formation is equivalent to the Lodgepole Formation in Montana.
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The upper Delhi Supergroup overlies on the Aravalli Supergroup with a clear unconformity. This supergroup hosts two main types of rocks: a thick sequence of volcanic rocks that is of continental affinity; and sedimentary rocks that represent fluvial and shallow marine environments and deep marine depositional environment. The depositional age of these sequences is approximately from 1.7 to 1.5 Ga. In the ‘North Delhi belt’, the Delhi Supergroup is classified into three groups: lower Raialo Group, middle Alwar Group, and upper Ajabgarh Group.Roy, A.B., Jakhar, S.R., 2002.
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The Cadomin Formation overlies a major regional unconformity caused by pre-Cadomin erosion, although little or no evidence of the angular nature of that unconformity is apparent at most outcrops. It rests unconformably on the Fernie Formation, the Nikanassin Formation, the Minnes Group or the Kootenay Group, depending on the location and the extent of the erosion. It is conformably overlain by the Gladstone Formation in Alberta and Gething Formation in northeastern British Columbia, and it is equivalent to the base of the Mannville Group.
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In central Alberta the Leduc Formation conformably overlies the platform limestones and dolomites of the Cooking Lake and Beaverhill Lake Formations. In northern Alberta near the Peace River Arch it rests on older red beds or on the Granite Wash. The Leduc reefs are surrounded by shales of the Duvernay and Ireton Formations and the Woodbend Group that were deposited in non-reefal, open marine environments. The Leduc reefs are the same ages as, but not contiguous with, the reefs of the Cairn Formation farther west.
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One of its tephras overlies an older formation that was erupted 1400 BP. Lavas from this cone form a peninsula in Lake Epulafquen and modified the local hydrography. Another cinder cone La Angostura formed a peninsula separating the lakes Epulafquen and Huechulafquen. This cone has three craters. A tephra layer of black trachyandesite has been linked to Huanquihue and is dated 4028-4212 BP. Varve count dating has indicated that tephras in Lake Villarrica and Lake Calafquen erupted presumably in 1591 are compositionally similar to Huanquihue scorias.
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The MirrorBit read is performed very simply by reversing the source and drain contacts. The junction depletion region extending from the drain side shields the channel from the charge on the side of the charge trapping cell that overlies the drain. The net result of this is that the drain-side charge has little effect on the current running through the channel, while the source-side charge determines the threshold of the transistor. When source and drain are reversed, the opposite side's charge determines the transistor's threshold.
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AAPG Search and Discovery Article #20152. The Woodbine overlies the Maness Shale, Buda Limestone, or older rocks, and underlies the Eagle Ford Group or Austin Chalk. In outcrop the Woodbine Group has been subdivided into the Lewisville Sandstone, Dexter Sandstone, and/or Pepper Shale formations. Thin-bedded sands of the Woodbine and Eagle Ford are collectively referred to as the "Eaglebine" oil and gas play in the southwestern portion of the East Texas region.Hentz, T. F., Ambrose, W. A., and Smith, D. C. (2014).
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The Smoky Hill Chalk Member of the Niobrara Chalk formation is a Cretaceous conservation Lagerstätte, or fossil rich geological formation, known primarily for its exceptionally well-preserved marine reptiles. Named for the Smoky Hill River, the Smoky Hill Chalk Member is the uppermost of the two structural units of the Niobrara Chalk. It is underlain by the Fort Hays Limestone Member; and the Pierre Shale overlies the Smoky Hill Chalk. The Smoky Hill Chalk outcrops in parts of northwest Kansas, its most famous localities for fossils, and in southeastern Nebraska.
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Moiseev overlies the southern rim of the larger satellite formation Moiseev Z. The crater is not significantly worn, and is marked only by a few tiny craterlets in the interior. The rim is generally circular, but has an outward bulge and a wider interior wall to the west-southwest. There are some terrace structures around the inner eastern wall, while the western inner wall has more of a slumped appearance. At the midpoint of the flattened interior is a formation of low hills forming the crater's central peak complex.
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The Unkar Group is about thick and composed, in ascending order, of the Bass Formation, Hakatai Shale, Shinumo Quartzite, Dox Formation, and Cardenas Basalt. In ascending order, the Cardenas Basalt is overlain by the Nankoweap Formation, about thick; the Chuar Group, about thick; and the Sixtymile Formation, about thick. The Grand Canyon Supergroup, of which the Unkar Group is the lowermost part, overlies deeply eroded granites, gneisses, pegmatites, and schists that comprise Vishnu Basement Rocks.Elston, DP, and EH McKee (1982) Age and correlation of the late Proterozoic Grand Canyon disturbance, northern Arizona.
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The settlers would be allocated fertile plots from lands confiscated from the defeated native peoples. This was the precise function of the Via Aemilia: its period of construction also saw the foundation of Roman colonies along its whole length at Bononia (Bologna) (founded 189 BC), Mutina (Modena), Regium (Reggio Emilia), and Parma (all founded in 183 BC). The Via Emilia as it crosses central Bologna. This modern street, known in this stretch as the Via Rizzoli, overlies the old Roman road, which bisected the Roman colony of Bononia.
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It is a form of fluid instability found in thermally stratified atmospheres in which a colder fluid overlies a warmer one. When an air mass is unstable, the element of the air mass that is displaced upwards is accelerated by the pressure differential between the displaced air and the ambient air at the (higher) altitude to which it was displaced. This usually creates vertically developed clouds from convection, due to the rising motion, which can eventually lead to thunderstorms. It could also be created in other phenomenon, such as a cold front.
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The Beaverfoot Formation is present in the western ranges of the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia and forms cliffs along the eastern wall of the Rocky Mountain Trench. It is also present in the Purcell Range west of Radium, British Columbia, and in the main ranges of the Alberta Rockies between the Clearwater and North Saskatchewan Rivers. It disconformably overlies the Mount Wilson Formation or older rocks. It is conformably overlain by the Tegart Formation in the western ranges, and unconformably overlain by the Late Devonian Cairn Formation to the east in Alberta.
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The thickness of the formation, which overlies the Mount Moore Formation, reaches about . Radiometric dating of the formation provided ages of 52.6 ± 1.9 Ma (2010) and 53.7 ± 0.6 Ma (2017). The area where the formation was deposited in the Early Eocene experienced a much warmer climate than the High Arctic today, with mean annual temperatures ranging from and warmest month mean temperatures from . The deltaic to swamp environment of the Margaret Formation has provided a diverse fauna of various groups of mammals, birds (Presbyornis and Gastornis), reptiles (turtles, snakes, lizards and crocodiles) and fish.
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The island consists of alluvium that has been deposited by the Columbia River since the Pleistocene and overlies the Columbia River Basalt Group. Much of this is eroded remains of the Ringold Formation, which was placed by the Columbia River between 9 and 3 million years ago. The White Bluffs, which are a series of cliffs created by this erosion, are immediately east of the island. The White Bluffs became destabilized by water from the Columbia Basin Irrigation Project entering the groundwater system and flowing toward the Columbia River.
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Paleontological camp of Museum of the Rockies in eastern Montana – Hell Creek Formation (summer dig season 2009) The Hell Creek Formation is an intensively- studied division of mostly Upper Cretaceous and some lower Paleocene rocks in North America, named for exposures studied along Hell Creek, near Jordan, Montana. The formation stretches over portions of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming. In Montana, the Hell Creek Formation overlies the Fox Hills Formation. The site of Pompeys Pillar National Monument is a small isolated section of the Hell Creek Formation.
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Alluvial gold is relatively common in South Sudan and is often extracted through artisanal mining. Copper and gold ore, associated with radioactive minerals, occurs at Hofrat Ennahas in Western Bahr El Ghazal state, and has been explored by major companies such as Billington. Bauxite layers between four and 20 meters thick formed in laterite east of Juba, west of Wau and west of Yambio. Often, a 10 to 30 meter thick section of iron ore overlies bauxite, particularly west of Wau and close to the border of Central African Republic and Sudan.
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The Liard Formation overlies the Toad Formation, and the contact is conformable in most areas. It is conformably overlain by the Charlie Lake Formation in the southern part of its extent. To the north in the Liard River area, it is unconformably overlain by the Garbutt Formation and Buckinghorse Formation. It is laterally equivalent to the Halfway Formation in the subsurface of the Peace River plains, and to the upper part of the Llama Member of the Sulphur Mountain Formation in the southern Canadian Rockies and their foothills.
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The Grand Canyon Supergroup, of which the Nankoweap Formation is part, unconformably overlies deeply eroded granites, gneisses, pegmatites, and schists that comprise Vishnu Basement Rocks.Elston, DP (1989) Middle and late Proterozoic Grand Canyon Supergroup, Arizona. In DP Elston, GH Billingsley, and RA Young, RA., eds., pp. 94-105, Geology of the Grand Canyon, Northern Arizona (with Colorado River Guides). American Geophysical Union Fieldtrip Guidebook T115/315 for International Geologic Congress, 28th. American Geophysical Union, Washington DC. 239 pp.Ford, TD, and CM Dehler (2003) Grand Canyon Supergroup; Nankoweap Formation, Chuar Group, and Sixtymile Formation.
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They overlie firm alluvial soils which contain two sand layers at 92 and 110 feet (29 and 35 meters), respectively. This section, in turn, overlies shale of the Franciscan Complex, a heterogeneous mixture of sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rock gathered together in the course of the tectonic evolution of the region from the Late Jurassic to the Middle Miocene. These assemblages of Franciscan rocks are referred to as tectonostratigraphic terrains and two of them, the Central Belt and the Coastal Belt, are in fault contact near Richardson Bay.
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Overall, the strata within it are conformable with the exception of a significant disconformity between the Hakatai Shale and Shinumo Quartzite. The Unkar Group is overlain in ascending order by the Nankoweap Formation, about thick; the Chuar Group, about thick; and the Sixtymile Formation, about thick. The Unkar Group, as the base section of the Grand Canyon Supergroup, overlies deeply eroded granites, gneisses, pegmatites, and schists that comprise Vishnu Basement Rocks.Elton, DP, and EH McKee (1982) Age and correlation of the late Proterozoic Grand Canyon disturbance, northern Arizona.
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The Agbada Formation, which overlies the Akata Formation, contains paralic siliciclastics and are considered to be the main deltaic sequence. The formation contains the most economically exploitable hydrocarbon in the region. According to biostratigraphy— specifically the presence of Sphenolitus heteromorphis, Praeorbulina glomerosa, Discoster deflandreim and Sphenolithus moriformis—the formation was deposited over 6-7 million years during the Middle to Late Miocene. In the Delta Field, gamma ray logs show a coarsening upward trend within the Agbada Formation, which shows the regression of depositional environments within the delta.
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This formation has been dated to the early to middle Callovian stage of the latest Middle Jurassic.USGS GEOLEX database The type locality and place for which the unit is named is Entrada Point, located in the northern part the San Rafael Swell in Emery County, Utah.Gilluly and Reeside, 1928 The Entrada Sandstone was named as one of the four formations of the San Rafael Group by James Gilluly and Reeside in 1928. In the 1928 description, the Entrada is overlain by the Curtis Formation, and overlies the Carmel Formation.
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The tip and upper side of the snout were not preserved, but most of the other skull bones are known. The orbits (eye holes) were large, and the skull was longer in front of the eyes than behind them. The lower edge of each orbit was formed by a long forward branch of the jugal bone, which overlies an equally elongated rear branch of the tooth-bearing maxillary bone. The skull was somewhat broader than that of most other "younginiforms", as indicated by the width and curvature of the frontal and prefrontal bones.
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The Ojo Alamo formation is divided into two subunits separated by a large unconformity—a gap in the geologic record. The lower Naashoibito member (sometimes considered part of the Kirtland Formation) was deposited during the Maastrichtian age of the Cretaceous period, specifically between about 69-68 million years ago. It overlies the De-na-zin member of the Kirtland formation, though the two are separated by another large unconformity that spans a period of geologic time equivalent to 73-69 million years ago.Sullivan, R.M., and Lucas, S.G. 2006.
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The discovery of fossilized embryos at the Nanchao Formation and multiple egg nests from other formations indicates that therizinosaurs had a colonial nesting-style similar to other herbivores like some sauropodomorphs, titanosaurs and hadrosaurs, supporting a social life-style for these animals. Nestling therizinosaurs were precocial—capable of movement after birth—and did not necessarily depend of their parents. It is also known that therizinosaurs do not had a philopatric behaviour when nesting based on a large nesting site in the Javkhlant Formation, a formation that overlies Bayan Shireh.
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Except in the cramped section, when there are overstrikes, the inner symbol overlies the outer symbol. Jean Faucounau has proposed a reconstruction of the scribe's movements, which would also require an inward direction; Yves Duhoux says that any outward reading may be discarded. Despite this consensus, there are still a few such attempted decipherments (See Phaistos Disc decipherment claims). In addition to the question of the directionality of the text on the disc itself, different viewpoints are held as to how the Phaistos Disc characters should be displayed when transcribed into text.
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The formation was named by Garrido in 2010 as sandy unit conformably and transitionally overlying the Los Bastos Formation, which in turns overlies the Portezuelo Formation within which both units were formerly included. The formation in the same manner underlies the Plottier Formation, all belonging to the Río Neuquén Subgroup of the Neuquén Group in the Neuquén Basin. The unit now known as Sierra Barrosa Formation was included in the original definition by Herrero Ducloux (1938, 1939) as "Portezuelo Superior", as part of the "Portezuelo Beds" he described.Garrido, 2011, p.
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Tarquinia's town square with the city hall (Palazzo Comunale) on the right. Tarquinia (), formerly Corneto, is an old city in the province of Viterbo, Lazio, Italy known chiefly for its ancient Etruscan tombs in the widespread necropoleis or cemeteries which it overlies, for which it was awarded UNESCO World Heritage status. In 1922 it was renamed after the ancient city of Tarquinii (Roman) or Tarch(u)na (Etruscan). Although little is visible of the once great wealth and extent of the ancient city, archaeology is increasingly revealing glimpses of past glories.
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This metaharzburgite might be associated with the close by, by far less metamorphicThiviers-Payzac Unit – thus escaping the stronger metamorphism in the North. As mentioned above the western branch of serpentinites lies spatially close to the Chéronnac Leucogranite. The southern branch overlies the leptynitic augengneisses, which in turn are thrust over the mica schists of the Parautochthonous Micaschist Unit (PMU) or the Saint-Mathieu Leucogranite. In a wider perspective all the serpentinites rim the so-called Saint-Mathieu Dome, a dome-like basement uplift of the northwestern Massif Central.
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Study of rock exposures and drillholes demonstrates that no displacement of the rock layers occurs at the escarpment: this is not a fault line but the result of unequal erosion. The escarpment's caprock is dolomitic limestone, also known as dolostone, which is more resistant and overlies weaker, more easily eroded shale as a weathering- resistant "cap". The escarpment thus formed over millions of years through a process of differential erosion of rocks of different hardnesses. Through time the soft rocks weather away or erode by the action of streams.
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The Passaic is Late Triassic with an astronomically calibrated age of 219 to 201.7 million years ago (Ma) and is about 13,000 ft (~4 km) thick in the basin depocenter. It conformably overlies the Lockaton Formation (darker, generally gray shales and mudrocks) and is overlain by the first Watching(Orange Mountain Formation) basalt. The Triassic/Jurassic boundary and correlated by pollen is located in the uppermost part of the formation, ~ 2 precessional cycles (~10-12 m) below the Orange Mountain Basalt. There are numerous diabase intrusions into the Passaic with local contact metamorphic rocks.
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The Chalk Group either directly overlies the impermeable uppermost Lower Cretaceous Gault Clay or permeable Upper Greensand Formation above the Gault Clay. Since its deposition, the chalk in southern England has been uplifted, faulted, fractured and folded by the distant effects of the Alpine Orogeny. The fracturing has greatly increased the chalk's permeability, such that it is a major aquifer. Sedimentary basins formed by rifting during the Triassic to Early Cretaceous were inverted during the Late Paleogene to Miocene leading to the formation of structures such as the Wealden Anticline and the Portland-Wight Monocline.
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In the early Cenozoic, changes in regional structural geology led to widespread erosion and fission track analysis of apatite indicates that in the Beaufort-Mackenzie area, rocks cooled from temperatures around 110 degrees Celsius after one mile of rock eroded above them in the early Eocene. The Northwest Territories was heavily glaciated during the Pleistocene. In the Mackenzie Mountains, moraine glacial till overlies older Paleogene gravel, paleosols and different till shed off of mountains. In the vicinity of the Mackenzie River delta and Sitidgi Lake till and sediments formed into the unglaciated Eskioma Lakes area.
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The N13 road is a national highway (Route nationale)Road travel report: Morocco, ASIRT in Morocco linking Taouz near Merzouga close to the Algerian border Chris Scott, Morocco Overland, 2017with Azrou, Meknes and other northern locations.Mark Ellingham et al., The Rough Guide to Morocco, New York, 2007 North of Meknes there are views of the Zerhoun Mountains and along the N13 is the ancient Roman and Carthaginian settlement of Volubilis, the westernmost provincial capital of the Roman Empire. This Roman city overlies one of the earliest archaeologically recorded Neolithic settlements in Morocco.
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Like the Rainbow and Itcha–Ilgachuz Ranges at the western end of the Chilcotin Plateau farther south, the range's name derives from the brilliant colours that are symptomatic from heavy mineralization comprising the material forming the range. The Spectrum Range is one of four large stratovolcanoes that make up the Mount Edziza volcanic complex. A predominantly lava dome overlies a basal shield volcano. The range is Pliocene in age and on its southwestern flank contains Pleistocene subglacial and subaerial cones and its northwest and southwest sides contain Holocene pyroclastic cones and lava flows.
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Dharmachakra mudrā is two hands close together in front of the chest in vitarka with the right palm forward and the left palm upward, sometimes facing the chest. There are several variants such as in the Ajanta Caves frescoes, where the two hands are separated and the fingers do not touch. In the Indo-Greek style of Gandhara, the clenched fist of the right hand seemingly overlies the fingers joined to the thumb on the left hand. In pictorials of Hōryū-ji in Japan the right hand is superimposed on the left.
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The outer rim to the north-northeast is joined to the smaller Manzinus R, and the crest along that side is lower and forms a saddle. There is a cluster of small craters along the southern side that partly overlap each other, consisting of the craters D, E, G, and N listed in the table below. The heavily eroded satellite crater Manzinus A lies along the southeastern inner wall. Similarly the small crater Manzinus S lies along the northern inner wall, and the cup-shaped Manzinus J overlies the northwest rim.
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Stagonosuchus is an extinct genus of loricatan, or possibly a species of Prestosuchus. Fossils have been found from the Late Triassic Manda Formation in Tanzania that are Anisian in age. Unlike other rauisuchians, which have a prominent ridge on the illium called the supra-acetabular buttress that overlies the femur, Stagonosuchus possesses only a slight thickening on the surface of the bone. In Stagonosuchus, the pubis is broad and plate like, while in other genera it is narrower and may have a prominent "foot" like that of some theropod dinosaurs.
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The locality where Gracilisuchus was discovered is known as the Los Chañares locality, and is located at . It consists of badlands at the base of a latitudinal escarpment, with the exposed rocks being composed of feldspar and quartz grains, along with glass shards, embedded in a geology silica and clay. These rocks belong to the lower portion of the Chañares Formation, which locally overlies the Tarjados Formation and underlies the Los Rastros Formation. Starting about above the boundary between the Tarjados and Chañares Formations, brown concretions of carbonate are present throughout the rock.
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The enhanced melting in this region prevents the depleted mantle from getting re-enriched and thus allows it to flow until it overturns. It is then carried back down beneath the back-arc as subduction continues. The ELSC located right on top of the highly depleted mantle thus experiences a diminished magma supply which results in a thinner layer of crust and a faster spreading rate. The CLSC, on the other hand, has thicker crust because it overlies the fertile mantle that is largely removed from effect of the volcanic front.
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The Tumblagooda ranges between in thickness.Tumblagooda Sandstone - Australian Stratigraphic Units Database The base of the formation is not exposed, but geophysical data (primarily magnetic) indicate the sandstone unconformably overlies a Proterozoic basement. The formation is divided into four facies associations (FAs), numbered stratigraphically, that occur sequentially from bottom to top. These lithified sediments portray an environment dominated by high-energy braided streams flowing into the sea; some parts have been interpreted as reflecting deposition in ephemeral pools controlled by water table rise and fall, but alternative interpretations favour deposition on tidal sand flats.
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The Tilatá Formation is the lowermost of the lacustrine and alluvial sequence of the Bogotá savanna. It unconformably overlies the Cretaceous Guadalupe Group and the Paleogene Guaduas, Cacho, Bogotá, and Regadera Formations, and is overlain by the Quaternary Subachoque Formation of Lake Humboldt. Helmens and Van der Hammen (1995) subdivided the formation into three members; Tequendama, Tibagota (Lower Tilatá) and Guasca (Upper Tilatá). The age has been estimated to be Late Miocene to Late Pliocene based on fission track analysis and palynology, with reported ages between 5.3 and 2.7 Ma.Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.
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Originally called the Hagman andesite by R. Tayama during initial research efforts in 1938, the Hagman Formation is exposed as cliffs along the Hagman Peninsula and deposited during the early development of the Mariana fore arc. The andesite lava flows, conglomerate and sandstone of the unit date to between 26 and 28 million years ago, during the Oligocene. The Densinyama Formation includes andesitic breccia, conglomerate, tuff sandstone and tuff limestone, centered around Mount Talafofo and discontinuously exposed by Achuguo Spring in the west. It overlies the Hagman Formation and is present close to Papago.
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The Hawthorn Group extends from Suwannee County in the north and southward to Hernando County. It encompasses in part the counties of Gilchrist, Levy, Dixie, Citrus, Sumter, Alachua and Marion County. The Hawthorn is also present below undifferentiated sediments (TQu) as well as the Tamiami Formation from Polk County south through Highlands, Glades, Hendry, Dade, Collier, and Monroe County at depths ranging from mean sea level near Polk to below 600 meters in Monroe Co.USGS Florida Geology The Hawthorn overlies Ocala LimestoneGlen L. Faulkner, Geological Survey (U.S.), United States. Army.
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The remainder of the sea is much shallower, much of it averaging less than deep, as it overlies the Sahul Shelf, part of the Australian continental shelf. The Big Bank Shoals is an area on the sloping seabed between the continental shelf and the Timor Trough where a number of submerged banks are located. The ecosystem of the shoals differs significantly from the deeper waters surrounding them. In May 2010, it was announced that a crater about wide has been discovered on the seabed of the Timor Sea.
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The rim overlies about half of the heavily worn satellite crater Wiener K along the south-southeast. The smaller satellite crater Wiener Q lies along the southwestern rim, and the relatively fresh and polygon-shaped Wiener F is attached to the eastern rim. Within the crater, much of the interior floor is relatively level, with a clump of small ridges forming a central peak structure near the midpoint. There is a small craterlet to the east-northeast of these ridges, and there are several small craterlets near the southwestern inner wall.
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The karstification processes of the evaporite layers, created a ruiniform relief featuring escarpments, depressions and sinkholes. # Stage VI - A new transgressive event triggered by a new relative lake level rise created the depositional sequence that comprises the Romualdo Formation that overlies the Ipubi Formation. The marine influence on this transgression, that established a seaway in the interior of Northeast Brazil, is well documented by abundant occurrence of marine fossils (sharks and rays). This new transgression, that followed the erosion of evaporite beds, caused a renewed syndepositional karstification of these deposits.
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The eruption was one of several postglacial mafic events in the area, which are more common in the Sisters Reach than anywhere in the Cascade arc. It was part of a pulse of more than a dozen mafic eruptions during the late Holocene epoch in the McKenzie and Santiam Passes region between 4,500 and 1,100 years ago. Isopach mapping of the deposits from Blue Lake Crater suggest an eruptive volume of . The eruption was predominantly fed by magma and produced thick scoria fall, which overlies phreatomagmatic surge deposits with thicknesses up to .
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The view from St. Nicholas's Chapel during a storm Ilfracombe overlies slates formed from sedimentary rock that underwent geological stress (creating faults and folds), towards the end of the Carboniferous Period, around 300 million years ago. These are known as the Ilfracombe slates. Ilfracombe lies within the North Devon Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty which is renowned for its dramatic coastal cliffs and landscape. Hillsborough, lying close to the town centre is a local nature reserve, and around the town are many other havens for wildlife, notable including the Cairn.
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In the 1930s, Winifred Goldring, New York's state paleontologist and the first female state paleontologist in the nation, continued the work of pioneering geologists and in 1933 wrote a guide to Thacher State Park that is still in use to this day. The escarpment features rocks of the Upper Silurian and Upper and Middle Ordovician ages resting below the Devonian rocks. At the base of the escarpment, the Schenectady beds are visible. The Rondout "waterlime" or dolomite overlies the Schenectady beds and is most pronounced below Minelot Falls.
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The Oliní Group conformablyAcosta & Ulloa, 2001a, p.60 overlies the Loma Gorda Formation of the Güagüaquí Group and is overlain by the Cimarrona Formation in the VMM, the Córdoba Formation in the Guaduas Syncline and the La Tabla Formation near Tocaima and in Huila and Tolima. The age has been estimated on the basis of ammonites to be ranging from Coniacian to Campanian. Stratigraphically, the lower part of the formation is time equivalent with the upper part of the Chipaque Formation and the Conejo Formation,Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.
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Frontal sinus fractures occur from trauma to the part of the frontal bone that overlies the sinus, often from motor vehicle accidents and falls. The hallmarks of a frontal sinus fracture is a frontal depression in the anterior table of the bone. Additionally, clear fluid leaking from the nose may indicate that fractures to the posterior table have torn into the dura mater, creating a cerebrospinal fluid leak. Goals in management are to protect the intracranial structure, control any existing CSF leakage, prevent late complications, and aesthetically correct the deformity caused, if any.
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On the north, the basin extends offshore into the southern Kara Sea. > On the west, north, and east, the basin is surrounded by the Ural, Yenisey > Ridge, and Turukhan- Igarka foldbelts that experienced major deformations > during the Hercynian tectonic event and the Novaya Zemlya foldbelt that was > deformed in early Cimmerian (Triassic) time. On the south, the folded > Caledonian structures of the Central Kazakhstan and Altay-Sayan regions dip > northward beneath the basin’s sedimentary cover. The basin is a relatively > undeformed Mesozoic sag that overlies the Hercynian accreted terrane and the > Early Triassic rift system.
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Lithostratigraphically, the Hagerman Horse Quarry is located within the upper member of the Glenns Ferry Formation and lies 9.5 meters below the contact with the overlying Tuana Gravel. The Plio-Pleistocene Tuana Gravel unconformably overlies the Glenns Ferry Formation and is described as a series of cyclic beds of silt, pebble sands and cobble gravel. Sedimentological data of the Tuana Gravel indicates the gravel beds were deposited on a northwest sloping alluvial plain. Thickness of the gravel beds varies, but is about 50 feet in Fossil Gulch area.
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Hydrocarbon shows were first encountered in Province 045 during the mid-nineteenth century while drilling water wells. Sporadic exploration began following the Civil War, and the first commercial oil discoveries occurred in the early 1900s. In 1917, discovery of Ranger field stimulated one of the largest exploration and development "booms" in Texas. The Ranger field produces from the Atoka-Bend formation, a sandstone-conglomerate reservoir that directly overlies the Barnett formation. Operators drilled more than 1,000 wildcats in and around the Fort Worth Basin attempting to duplicate the success of Ranger.
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The forest on the lower portions of the mountain is more mixed with black birch, red maple and sugar maple, and occasionally hemlock and non-native conifers. Near the base of the mountain there is a hay field. Much of the area, especially the slopes, is covered with glacial till that overlies bedrock and glacial outwash with associated sand and gravel deposits fill in the lower elevations. Soils throughout the reservation are described as strongly acidic to moderately acidic, sandy loam and are typically well to excessively drained except where ground water accumulates creating wetlands.
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Construction in marine clays thus presents a geotechnical engineering challenge."Overcoming Problems with Marine Clays", Fairfax County, Virginia Where clay overlies peat, a lateral movement of the coastline is indicated and shows a rise in relative sea level Swelling of marine clay has the potential to destroy building foundations in only a few years. Due to the changes in climatic conditions on the construction site, the pavement constructed on the marine clay (as subgrade) will have less durability and requires lot of maintenance cost. Some simple precautions, however, can reduce the hazard significantly .
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The Uncompahgre Formation is a sequence of quartzite and black phyllite some in thickness. It is exposed in a curving belt from the northwestern to northeastern Needle Mountains with outliers near Ouray and Rico, Colorado. It is interpreted as metamorphosed marine and fluvial sandstone, mudstone, and shale. The formation overlies plutons with an age of 1707 Ma and detrital zircon geochronology confirms a maximum age of 1709 Ma. Ar40Ar/39Ar dating of muscovite in an intruding dike gives a minimum age of 1704 Ma, allowing the age of the Uncompahgre Formation to be tightly constrained.
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The continental sandstones and siltstones of the Abu Zenima Formation represent the earliest syn-rift deposits of late Oligocene (Chattian) to early Miocene (Aquitanian) age. Locally the Abu Zenima Formation is capped by basalts. The lower Miocene age conglomerates, sandstones and marls of the Nukhul Formation were deposited in shallow marine conditions as the sea began to flood the developing rift. The Nukhul Formation overlies the Abu Zenima Formation in some place but elsewhere is probably age equivalent, reflecting a diachronous change to marine conditions within the rift.
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The east-southeastern part of the interior floor of Omar Khayyam is overlain by a smaller and younger crater. The remainder of the interior floor is split in half by a ridge attached to the western outer rim of this crater, giving Omar Khayyam the appearance of a formation composed of multiple merged impacts. The outer rim of Omar Khayyam is heavily eroded, and has a wide gap to the southeast. A small crater overlies the western rim, and multiple small craterlets mark the sides and parts of the interior.
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Located in the right upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity, it rests just below the diaphragm, to the right of the stomach and overlies the gallbladder. The liver is connected to two large blood vessels: the hepatic artery and the portal vein. The hepatic artery carries oxygen-rich blood from the aorta via the celiac trunk, whereas the portal vein carries blood rich in digested nutrients from the entire gastrointestinal tract and also from the spleen and pancreas. These blood vessels subdivide into small capillaries known as liver sinusoids, which then lead to lobules.
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The Miami Limestone is less than 49 ft (15 m) thick, and in general, is found behind the Key Largo Limestone reef, but overlies it in the western extent of the keys. It consists of a bryozoan facies and an oolitic facies and represents a subtidal shoal. Additionally, excellent examples of Holocene carbonate-sand deposits are found in the Dry Tortugas, consisting mainly of disarticulated Halimeda plates. Between the Dry Tortugas and Key West is a 39 ft (12 m) thick example of these sand deposits, known as "the quicksands".
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The Eycott Volcanic Group is a group of volcanic rock formations of Ordovician age (Llandeilo to Caradoc epochs) named after the locality of Eycott Hill in the English Lake District.British Geological Survey 1997 Cockermouth England and Wales sheet 23 Solid 1:50,000 Keyworth, Nottingham, BGS The group overlies the Skiddaw Group and is unconformably overlain by a variety of different Devonian and Carboniferous age rocks. This rock sequence has previously been known as the Eycott Group. It consists largely of andesitic lavas and sills with tuffs, breccias and volcaniclastic sandstones.
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This boundary between the Morrison and Cedar Mountain is commonly marked by a horizon of carbonate nodules or by highly polished pebbles that are allegedly gastroliths. Although not part of the Cedar Mountain Formation, the Naturita Formation immediately overlies the Cedar Mountain and marks the encroaching Western Interior Seaway. The Naturita is not uniformly distributed and was eroded away in places by the advancing Seaway so that the marine shales of the Mancos Formation lay directly on the Mussentuchit or its equivalent. The name Dakota Formation has been improperly used for these strata.
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The rim has a notable bulge to the northeast, and a lesser bulge along the southern rim. The later remains as an imprint of a ghost crater in the surface that overlies the southern rim, and leaves a remnant of its northern rim in the crater floor. The bulge to the northeast has left a remnant of its origin in the crater floor, as a series of low hills extending from the north and southeast. These enclose the northeastern third of the floor, and are suggestive of an overlapping crater formation.
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Lower House Stream Section is a Site of Special Scientific Interest in the Rhymney Valley, in Caerphilly County Borough, south Wales. The stream is just south of the Lower House Reservoir and is north of Rhymney. The geological interest of the site centres on the best exposure of the Middle Shales Formation, part of the South Wales Coalfield, in south Wales. The exposed sequence is just under thick, at the top is a layer of cross-bedded sandstone which overlies of shales and a thin layer of limestone.
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There may be trismus (difficulty opening the mouth), facial swelling, and rubor (flushing) of the cheek that overlies the angle of the jaw. Persons typically develop pericoronitis in their late teens and early 20s, as this is the age that the wisdom teeth are erupting. Treatment for acute conditions includes cleaning the area under the operculum with an antiseptic solution, painkillers, and antibiotics if indicated. After the acute episode has been controlled, the definitive treatment is usually by tooth extraction or, less commonly, the soft tissue is removed (operculectomy).
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The formation consists of highly fossiliferous nodular argillaceous limestone at its base and in its upper portion, with shale dominating the middle section and interbedding with the limestone towards the top of the formation. Total thickness is . The formation conformably overlies the Smeltertown Formation and grades into the overlying Mesilla Valley Formation. The formation is interpreted as an outer shelf formation that later experienced shallowing and deposition of limestone in an inner shelf environment subject to storm influence, then deepened again to deposit shale with some storm layers.
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The Azilal Formation, also known as Toundute Continental Series and Wazzant Formation, is a geological unit in the Azilal & Ouarzazate provinces of the High Atlas of Morocco, that cover the middle Toarcian to early Aalenian stages of the Jurassic Period. It is a terrestrial deposit which overlies marine dolomites of equivalent age to the Budoš Limestone of Montenegro or the Marne di Monte Serrone of Italy.Moragas Rodriguez, M. (2017). Multidisciplinary characterization of diapiric basins integrating field examples, numerical and analogue modelling: Central High Atlas Basin (Morocco) (Doctoral dissertation, Universitat de Barcelona).
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Madreporite of Asterias In sea stars, water enters the system through a sieve-like structure on the upper surface of the animal, called the madreporite. This overlies a small sac, or ampulla, connected to a duct termed the stone canal, which is, as its name implies, commonly lined with calcareous material. The stone canal runs to a circular ring canal, from which radial canals run outwards along the ambulacral grooves. Each arm of a sea star has one such groove on its underside, while, in sea urchins, they run along the outside of the body.
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There is also a shale horizon called the Ban Na Shale, interbedded with Ordovician limestone. The presence of shale suggests a deeper water environment in the Silurian. The Thong Pha Phum Group conformably overlies the Thung Song Group in the west with a thick sequence of non-fossil bearing clastic marine sedimentary rocks that likely deposited in a forearc basin. Volcanic activity was common in the Devonian and Carboniferous as limestone accumulated on a western facing continental margin (exposures of these rocks are visible at Petchabun-Loei in east-central Thailand).
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The formation, first named as Wasatch Group in 1873 by Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden, was deposited in alluvial, fluvial and lacustrine environments and comprises sandstones, siltstones, mudstones and shales with coal or lignite beds representing wet floodplain settings. The Wasatch Formation is a tight gas reservoir formation in the Uinta and Piceance Basins of Utah and the coal seams of the formation are mined in Wyoming. At the Fossil Butte National Monument, the formation crops out underlying the Green River Formation. In the Silt Quadrangle of Garfield County, Colorado, the formation overlies the Williams Fork Formation.
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Taforalt's stratigraphy in Sector 8. The yellow series appears grey because some of the overlying grey sediment has trickled onto it. The stratigraphy in Grotte des Pigeons, going as deep as as in the case of Roche’s excavations, differs slightly throughout the cave but follows a simple pattern based on their colour: the Grey Series overlies the Yellow Series. The Yellow series goes from the beginning of the occupation of the cave about 85,000 years ago to c. 15,000 cal BP. The overlying Grey Series dates from c.
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Plutonic rocks around San Martín de los Andes crystallized from magma in the Devonian in connection to the onset of the Gondwanide orogeny. Plutonic rock types in the area are granodiorites, tonalites and less voluminous gabbros. Plutonic and metamorphic rocks make up the basement around San Martín de Los Andes, yet near Cerro Chapelco this basement is overlain by volcaniclastic and sedimentary rock belonging to Huitre Formation. The higher parts of Cerro Chapelco are made up of basaltic and andesitic lavas of Chapelco Formation which overlies Huitre Formation.
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The turbines on the site would start generating power at and would reach their optimum power generation at . The power output from the site was fed via a sub-surface 11 kilovolt cable eastwards into the National Grid near to the village of Denholme. The first generation site provided enough power for 5,600 homes and stopped over of carbon dioxide and over of sulphur dioxide being released into the atmosphere. The development of the wind farm included many groundworks to locate the foundations in the peat that overlies the bedrock.
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The Gai-As Formation gradationally overlies the lacustrine deposits of the Huab Formation in the western part of the basin, but in the east succeeds the fluvial deposits of the Huab Formation with a sharp contact. The basal beds of the formation are ubiquitously represented by fine-grained distal deposits and imply a much larger extent of the formation due to the absence of sediments from marginal environments.Horsthemke et al, 1990, p.73 The lower part of the succession is formed by approximately of thick reddish-violet, slightly calcareous shales.
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Flat-lying Ligérian in the Nizonne valley, near Champeaux-et-la-Chapelle-Pommier The Ligérian, abbreviated as c3a on French geological maps, is the lowest substage of the Turonian. It overlies the Cenomanian and is in turn overlain by the Angoumian. In the northern Aquitaine Basin the Ligérian, also known as the Villars Formation, shows the following stratigraphy: At its base the Ligérian consists of an alternating succession of nearly meter-sized limestone beds and very thin intervening grey marly horizons. The limestone is white and very chalky.
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Within the Grand Canyon region, the Kaibab Limestone overlies gypsum and contorted sandstones of the Toroweap Formation. Originally, geologists interpreted the lower contact of the Kaibab Limestone to be an unconformity based on the presence of local intraformational breccias and erosional surfaces. However, additional research has concluded that these local intraformational breccias and erosional surfaces are the result of collapse following the dissolution of evaporite deposits within the upper part of the Toroweap Formation. As a result, this contact is inferred to be conformable or only locally a disconformity.
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The unconformity and disconformity are inferred to represent most of Permian time (including the Leonardian) and part of Early Triassic time. Although the Moenkopi Formation overlies the Kaibab Limestone, its redbeds have been removed almost entirely by erosion because they are less resistant to erosion than the strata of the Kaibab Formation. As a result, the Kaibab Limestone forms the surface of many of the vast plateaus that border the Grand Canyon. Within these plateaus, the uppermost beds of the Kaibab Limestone have also been largely removed by erosion.
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Within the Darwin Mountains region, the Junction Sandstone (290 m) overlies the Brown Hills Conglomerate, with abundant Skolithos. This is followed by the Hatherton sandstone (330 m), with brachiopod and bivalve shell fragments in places. Trough cross beds and current rippling are present, with abundant ichnofauna. Drainage was to the north east, with the depositional environment presumed to be marine, though also present are subaerial features such as desiccation cracks, rain drop impressions, surface run-off channels, muddy veneers, and redbeds, besides river-like features such as small channels.
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The Two Medicine overlies the Virgelle Sandstone, which formed from the beach sands exposed on northern and western shores of the receding Colorado Sea. A Cretaceous Interior Seaway transgression submerged the area briefly early on in Two Medicine history leaving anomalous paralic sediments and isolated shale bodies about 100 m above the base of the formation. The Middle portion of the two medicine formation is about 225 m thick, deposited while the Clagette Sea was receding and the Bearpaw Sea transgressing. This portion is stratigraphically equivalent to the Judith River Formation and Judith River Group.
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The type locality of H. clarki occurs within a succession of red beds and carbonates above the Crow Mountain Formation which in turn overlies the Alcova Limestone within the Chugwater Group. The Chugwater Group is exposed as an outcrop belt along the trend of the Casper Arch flanking the southeastern Big Horn Mountains. The age of the type locality is not precisely known, but since it is lithostratigraphically equivalent to the lower Popo Agie Formation, though possibly chronostratigraphically older, it is probably Carnian or late Ladinian. Zawiskie et al.
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Late Triassic (220 Ma) Extent of the formation in the Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin Los Colorados Formation is a unit with an approximate thickness of of the Agua de la Peña Group in the Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin, where it is exposed in the Ischigualasto Provincial Park, a World Heritage site in Argentina. The formation gradually overlies the Ischigualasto Formation and is unconformably overlain by the Cretaceous Cerro Rajado Formation. The formation comprises red-colored, fine- to medium-grain–size sandstones together with siltstones and ancillary floodplain mudstones with early calcisol development. The formation was deposited in a fluvial to lacustrine environment.
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The valley that the river runs through has been described as an "exquisite valley". The river starts on the moorland west of Masham and astride the watershed that feeds water to Coverdale (to the north) and Nidderdale (to the south). It is named the River Burn from where New House Gill and Thorny Crane Gill meet, however it has been traditionally taken as starting as a small fountain on the hill of Great Haw. The river flows at first across the peat moorland which overlies the coal measures and millstone grit beneath, and over waterfalls at High House Farm.
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The Sulphur Mountain Formation is laterally equivalent to Montney, Doig, and Halfway Formations in the subsurface beneath the plains of Alberta and northeastern British Columbia, and to the Toad, Grayling, and Liard Formations in the foothills of northeastern British Columbia. It unconformably overlies the Permian Ishbel Group or, in some areas, the Mississippian Rundle Group. It is conformably overlain by the Whitehorse Formation in the southern part of its extent and by the laterally equivalent Charlie Lake Formation in the north. In areas where those formations were removed by erosion it is unconformably overlain by the Jurassic Fernie Formation.
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Map of the Hell Creek and Lance Formations in western North America The Hell Creek Formation in Montana overlies the Fox Hills Formation and underlies the Fort Union Formation, and the boundary with the latter occurs near the Cretaceous- Paleogene boundary (K-Pg), which defines the end of the Cretaceous period and has been dated to 66 ± 0.07 Ma old.Husson et al., 2011 The thickness of the formation is estimated to have been deposited in about 2 million years.LeCain, 2010 Fauna characteristic of the Hell Creek (Lancian land vertebrate age) are found as high as a few meters below the boundary.
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The Bohío Formation is characterized by the presence of poorly sorted debris, mostly basaltic: very coarse debris in the form of boulders and cobbles, and finer debris forming beds of sandstone, and the matrix of conglomerate. The facies are non-marine, but marine fossils are found in thin units in the upper part of the formation, in algal limestone and in both poorly sorted and fairly well sorted subgraywacke. The Bohío Formation overlies the Gatuncillo Formation conformably in most areas, although may lap onto the Gatuncillo Formation or basement. The thickness of the formation is about .
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The Boulder Creek Formation is part of the Fort St. John Group. Originally described as a member of the Commotion Formation, the Boulder Creek was elevated to formational status along with the other members of the Commotion by D.F. Stott in 1982, who proposed that the term 'Commotion Formation' be abandoned. The Boulder Creek Formation conformably overlies the marine shales of the Hulcross Formation, and is conformably overlain by the marine shales of the Hasler Formation. It is equivalent to the Cadotte Member, and possibly the Paddy Member, of the Peace River Formation of the Peace River plains.
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It measures from east to west and from north to south. The terrace shows various phases of construction, it overlies a substructure built from large worked blocks of basalt, which dates to the Late Preclassic, later phases of construction date to the Late Classic and the terrace has traces of the Postclassic K'iche' occupation of the site. The terrace lies within the San Isidro Piedra Parada and Buenos Aires plantations and the land is currently dedicated to the cultivation of rubber and coffee. A modern road cuts the eastern corner of Terrace 6.Wolley Schwarz 2001, pp. 1010–11.
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Richat Structure, Mauritania The Richat Structure in Mauritania has also been proposed as the site of Atlantis. This structure is generally considered to be a deeply eroded domal structure that overlies a still-buried alkaline igneous intrusion. From 1974 onward, prehistoric artifacts of the area were mapped, finding an absence of prehistoric artifacts or Paleolithic or Neolithic stone tools from the structure's innermost depressions. Neither recognizable midden deposits nor manmade structures were found nor reported in the area, thus concluding that the area was used only for short-term hunting and stone tool manufacturing during prehistoric times.
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Volcán Espíritu Santo is a pleistocene stratovolcano at the center of the San José volcanic group, located at from Santiago de Chile at the end of the Cajón del Maipo on the Chile-Argentina border. The -wide summit crater of Espíritu Santo volcano overlaps the southern slope of the Marmolejo volcano and partially overlies La Engorda. The San José complex includes - a part of Espíritu Santo, La Engorda and San José - the Plantat and Marmolejo volcanoes, the latter of which is the highest () and located on the North-end of the group. San José volcanic complex.
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Starting at the basement of the structure, the area of interest overlies Variscan externides consisting of Devonian and Carboniferous sediments in imbricated thrust sheets. The Hercynian basement was rather thin in origin with the thrust emplacement in a north-northwest trend developed most likely with a strike-slip fault. After the conclusion of the initial Hercynian deformation, normal reactivation of these same faults occurred along with differential subsidence beginning in the late Carboniferous as a direct result from the northwest/southeast trending wrench movements. The sands created within this period lie in an unconformable manner above the Devonian and Carboniferous basement.
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Humboldt Fault (red) and Midcontinent Rift (green) in Kansas and Nebraska The Nemaha uplift is a deep fault zone which runs diagonally across east Kansas and extends from just south of Omaha, Nebraska to Oklahoma City. This fault zone directly overlies a granite "high" in the Precambrian basement and is structurally active as the Humboldt Fault. Some fifty miles to the west the southernmost extension of the Proterozoic Midcontinent Rift System extends into northeastern Kansas. Earthquakes in Kansas KGS The northern two-thirds of Kansas is underlain by a Proterozoic sequence known as the Central Plains Orogen.
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The Marsh Station Road interchange was replaced in 2011, with the railroad mainline rerouted in 2012 and the railroad overpass removed in 2013. The remainder of the old US 80 section was rebuilt to interstate standards, with completion in 2014. East of Tucson, I‑10 parallels and in some cases overlies old US 80 to Benson, and was originally co-signed as US 80 and SR 86\. The section of I-10 from Valencia Road to Rita Road was the first construction project in the state of Arizona funded by the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956.
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Map of the Bering Sea, with the Aleutian Basin clearly discernable here in the southwest portion of the sea. The Aleutian Basin is an oceanic basin under the southwestern Bering Sea. While the northeastern half of the Bering Sea overlies the North American Plate in relatively shallow water, the Aleutian Basin consists of oceanic plate--the remnant of the Kula Plate that was mostly subducted under the North American Plate.New Views of the U.S. Continental Margins (University of New Hampshire) Subduction of the Kula Plate ceased after the creation of the Aleutian Trench to its south.
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The Berivotra Formation is a Maastrichtian sedimentary formation of the Mahajanga Basin in Boeny, Madagascar. The claystones of the formation were deposited in a shallow marine environment. The Berivotra Formation overlies the fossil-rich Maevarano Formation, in which more fossils of Beelzebufo, also recovered from the Berivotra Formation, have been found. Many shark and ray teeth were collected by surface prospecting on outcrops of the Berivotra Formation, which is readily distinguished by its yellowish grey to pale olive colour, as opposed to the white and green fluvial sandstones that form the upper of the underlying Maevarano Formation.
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The Animikie Basin, measuring 700 x 400 km (420 mi x 240 mi), is an elongated oval straddling the North Shore of Lake Superior, mainly in Minnesota. Approximately the northwestern two-thirds lies to the northwest of the shoreline; the southeastern third lies to the southeast of the shoreline (so is under Lake Superior's waters). During the Middle Precambrian a shallow inland sea covered much of the Lake Superior region and formed the Animikie Group, which are layers of sedimentary rocks which unconformably overlies 2700-million-year-old Archean rocks. This group contains both the Rove and Gunflint Iron formations.
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The Po series overlies the Lipak series, and the Fenestella shales are interbedded within a sequence of quartzites and dark shales. In many places Carboniferous strata are overlaid by grey agglomeratic slates, believed to be of volcanic origin. Many genera of productids are found in the limestones of the Permo-Triassic, which has led to these rocks being referred to as "productus limestone". This limestone is of marine origin and is divided into three distinct lithostratigraphic units based on the productus chronology: the Late Permian Chideru, which contains many ammonites, the Late — Middle Permian Virgal, and the Middle Permian Amb unit.
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This lag layer overlies an unconformity eroded into older glacial till, lake sediment, or bedrock. This surface extends from the lower reaches of the Kettle River valley as far south as Sunrise, Minnesota. The Chengwatana surface likely was cut by water flowing down the Kettle River from the Moose Lake outlet of glacial Lake Nemadji and the Epi- Duluth level of glacial Lake Duluth. The association of the Chengwatana surface with glacial Lake Nemadji and the Epi-Duluth level of glacial Lake Duluth would make it most likely range in age from before 12,100 to about 11,700 BP calibrated.
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The enclosure round the Norse church overlies a Pictish graveyard, and an important Pictish carved stone was found in pieces in this enclosure during site clearance (also on display in Edinburgh: replica on site). The most interesting Pictish artifact found is a stone slab showing three figures and some additional Pictish symbols. It is not known what the subject of this carving is, but it likely shows aristocratic Picts as they wished to be perceived. This early eighth century slab shows a striking procession of three Picts dressed in long robes and bearing spears, swords and square shields.
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As the Stikinia, Cache Creek and Quesnellia terranes converged in the Middle Jurassic the Whitehorse Trough developed as a basin, filling with three kilometers of Laberge Group sandstone, conglomerate, shale, coal, deep-water turbidite and Nordienskiold Formation pyroclastic flows. The Laberge Group overlies the Quesnellia and Stikinia terranes unconformably and had Jurassic-age volcanism around it during its formation. Tantalus Formation coal, sandstone and conglomerate from the early Cretaceous marks the final filling of the trough. Two terranes, held together by a Middle Pennsylvanian pluton collided with the western edge of Laurentia in the Middle Jurassic.
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Between the two Tanglewood horsts, an area of deeper water served as the environment of deposition for the Brannon Member. The unit is thickest in this area, reaching a thickness of about 6-8 meters, indicating that environmental conditions favorable to its deposition were present here for the longest amount of time. However, the Brannon Member was not limited purely to this graben structure - it gradually pinches out northeastward as well, and overlies the southwestern Tanglewood area, apparently as a result of its horst subsiding. It lies atop a hardground that was rapidly flooded by waters coming from the western Sebree trough.
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The Bylot Supergroup in Baffin Island and Bylot Island is six kilometers thick with a combination of undeformed volcanic, clastic and carbonate rocks deposited during a phase of renewed rifting. The Borden Peninsula is divided into horst and graben structures by normal faults from local rifting and subsidence 1.27 billion years ago. The Nanisivik Mine extracts zinc and lead from these carbonates. The Bylot Supergroup is known as the Fury Group and Hecla Group along the Fury and Hecla Strait, where it overlies Archean and Paleoproterozoic rocks with nearly six kilometers of material, likely deposited over the span of 75 million years.
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A trail cuts across a large Toreva block bench several hundred feet below the level of the parent cliff in White Rock Canyon. The weaker base is the Tesuque Formation, the stronger overburden is the Cerros del Rio basalt, and the eroding agent is the Rio Grande. A Toreva block landslide is a distinctive landslide type which may occur when a stronger material such as sandstone or limestone overlies a weaker material such as shale and an eroding agent undercuts the weaker lower layer. The type was first recognized by Parry Reiche in 1937, and takes its name from Toreva, Arizona.
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The Himalayan foreland basin has been divided on the basis of modern drainage divides, and subsurface topography. Subdivisions based on drainage divides are most commonly used, with the Indus Basin reflecting the drainage area of the Indus River, and the Ganga Basin representing the drainage area of the Ganges River. The basin overlies a series of Indian Plate depressions and ridges, that have also been used to subdivide the foreland basin. The rock units that make up the Indian plate vary dramatically along the length of the basin, changing from Proterozoic Mobile Belt rocks, to Archean Craton, and Proterozoic Vindhyan Supergroup sedimentary rocks.
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Riccioli is older than the Orientale basin to the southwest because the ejecta from the impact that created the Orientale basin overlies the crater. This debris lies in ridges that regionally trend northeast-southwest, but trend in a direction parallel to Riccioli's northeast wall in that part of the crater. A system of rilles named the Rimae Riccioli lies across the interior, and crosscut the ejecta ridges. In the northern half of the interior, the dark covering of lava that resurfaced the floor is visible, and apparently covers some of the ejecta ridges and floods some of the rilles.
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The Angoumian forms part of two very open synclines striking NW-SE (the Combiers-Saint-Crépin-de-Richemont syncline in the NE) and WNW-ESE (the Gout-Rossignol-Léguillac synline in the SW) respectively. The group is therefore mainly flat-lying, yet in some places (like near Champeaux it dips 5° to the SW. Only near Beaussac a greater dip (of about 30°) can be found caused by local faulting. Nearby in the Aucors quarry, a slump overlies the rudist reef, followed by a grain flow. These synsedimentary structures point to a tectonically disturbed setting possibly related to the rising Mareuil Anticline.
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The western Snake River Plain consists of rift basin sediments that accumulated during the Miocene through Pleistocene Epochs. These clastic sedimentary packages, interbedded with basaltic flows, pyroclastic tephra and silicic volcanic ashes, have a cumulative thickness of 1524 meters (5000 feet), span about 10.5 Ma, and comprise the seven formations of the Idaho Group. The seven formations, in ascending order, are the Poison Creek, Branbury Basalt, Chalk Hills, Glenns Ferry, Tuana Gravel, Bruneau and Black Mesa Gravel (Richmond and others, 2002). The Pliocene Glenns Ferry Formation spans 5.0 to 1.5 Ma. The formation overlies the Branbury Basalt in the Hagerman area.
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The tectorial membrane (TM) is one of two acellular membranes in the cochlea of the inner ear, the other being the basilar membrane (BM). "Tectorial" in anatomy means forming a cover. The TM is located above the spiral limbus and the spiral organ of Corti and extends along the longitudinal length of the cochlea parallel to the BM. Radially the TM is divided into three zones, the limbal, middle and marginal zones. Of these the limbal zone is the thinnest (transversally) and overlies the auditory teeth of Huschke with its inside edge attached to the spiral limbus.
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Ordovician rocks include numerous limestone and marl sequences in the Kunda, Aseri, Lasnamae, Uhaku, Idavere, Johvi, Keila, Rakvere, Nabala, Vormsi, Pirgu and Porkuni stages. Juuru Stage microcrystalline nodular limestone and red marl from the Silurian transgressively overlies Ordovician rocks, ascending through a sequence that includes the Raikkula, Adavere, Jaani, Jaagarahu, Siesartis, Dubysa, Pagegiai, Minija and Jura stage rocks, which include argillite, dolomite, marl, clay and other basin sediments. The early DevonianTilzee and Stoniskiai Stage rocks are disconformably overlain by the Kemeri Stage with clays and siltstones up to 170 meters thick. This is in-turn overlain disconformably by the Rezekne Stage.
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Bathymetric map of the Ross Sea, Antarctica The Ross Sea (and Ross Ice Shelf) overlies a deep continental shelf. Although the average depth of the world's continental shelves (at the shelf break joining the continental slope) is about 130 meters, the Ross shelf average depth is about 500 meters. It is shallower in the western Ross Sea (east longitudes) than the east (west longitudes). This over-deepened condition is due to cycles of erosion and deposition of sediments from expanding and contracting ice sheets overriding the shelf during Oligocene and later time, and is also found on other locations around Antarctica.
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The Ischigualasto Formation is a Late Triassic fossiliferous formation and Lagerstätte in the Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin of the southwestern La Rioja Province and northeastern San Juan Province in northwestern Argentina. The formation dates to the Carnian age and ranges between 231.7 and 225 Ma, based on ash bed dating. The up to thick formation is part of the Agua de la Peña Group, overlies Los Rastros Formation and is overlain by Los Colorados Formation. The formation is subdivided into four members, from old to young; La Peña, Cancha de Bochas, Valle de la Luna and Quebrada de la Sal.
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The angular unconformity between the Deadwood Formation and the underlying Precambrian metamorphic rocks near Rapid City, South Dakota.At the type locality in the Black Hills of South Dakota and in many other areas, the Deadwood Formation rests unconformably on Precambrian metamorphic rocks that were exposed to a long period of erosion prior to the deposition of the formation. In western Montana, western Saskatchewan and Alberta it overlies the Middle Cambrian rocks of the Earlie Formation or the Pika Formation. In the Williston Basin it is overlain by the Winnipeg Formation in the center and by the Red River Formation near the margins.
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The shallow-water marine sandstone formation is found across the central and southern San Joaquin Valley, and with the overlying Pliocene nonmarine sand San Joaquin Formation, is associated with the numerous oil fields there. The White Wolf Fault forms its southern boundary. It overlies the Antelope Shale unit of the Monterey Formation in its central and western sections. In its southeastern section it is part of the Kern River Series, which is divided into an upper unit named the Kern River Beds Formation, a lower unit named the Chanac Formation, with the wedge of the Etchegoin Formation in the middle.
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The craters Weierstrass (lower center), Van Vleck (lower right), Nobili (upper left) and Jenkins (upper right) from Lunar Orbiter 1 Oblique view of interior from Apollo 16 Nobili is a lunar impact crater that lies near the eastern limb of the Moon, giving it a foreshortened appearance when viewed from the Earth. The crater overlies the western rim of the slightly larger crater Schubert X, and the eastern rim of this satellite crater is overlain in turn by Jenkins, resulting in a triple crater formation. To the south lies Gilbert. Nobili is a circular crater formation with a worn, circular rim.
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The Mine Series is a Schist-Dolomite System postulated to be in the Roan System. This schistose-dolomite appears structurally between two contacts of the Kundelungu System, the Middle Kundelungu and the Lower Kundelungu, of the Katanga Group. The Lower and Upper Kundelungu form a double syncline, the northern limb of which overlies the Shinkolobwe Fault. These structural complexities aside, the Katanga stratigraphic column consists, top to bottom, of the Precambrian Kundelungu System (Upper, Middle and Lower), the Grand Congomerate and Mwashya Systems, the Schist-Dolomite System (Roan System-Mine Series of R.G.S., C.M.N., S.D., R.S.C., R.S.F., D. Strat.
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Cole, 2014, p.4 The formation is found at the edge of the Karoo Basin at distances of north to south and east to west.Cole, 2014, p.15 The formation is part of the Karoo Supergroup, more precisely the Ecca Group, where it overlies the Prince Albert Formation and is overlain by the Collingham Formation,Evans & Bender, 1999, p.175 and in the southern Karoo by the Tierberg Formation.Cole, 2014, p.28 Single zircon U-Pb SHRIMP dating yielded an age of 279.1 ± 1.5 Ma for the Uhabis River Tuff present in the upper strata of the underlying Prince Albert Formation.
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Oblique view from Apollo 8 at a high sun angle, demonstrating the crater's dark floor Oblique Apollo 14 Hasselblad camera image Lomonosov is a lunar impact crater that is located just behind the western limb of the Moon. It is almost attached to the east-northeastern outer rim of the larger crater Joliot, and overlies the southern rim of Maxwell. Attached to the southern rim of Lomonosov is the smaller Edison. The interior floor of Lomonosov has been resurfaced with lava flows, leaving a dark, level surface marked only by a few tiny craterlets and some streaks of ray material from Giordano Bruno.
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The ears are triangular with a tragus that has been described as "hatchet-shaped". The thumbs of banana pipistrelles bear an unusual pad composed of ridged hairy skin with multiple sebaceous glands. The surface of the pads overlies a patch of connective tissue and a small piece of cartilage that connects to the end of a muscle. The attachment of this muscle to the pads enables the bat to form them into a cup shape, although it is unclear whether this can form an effective suction cup, rather than simply improving the bat's grip onto objects through friction alone.
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During the first eruptive period between 2,200,000 and 1,900,000 years ago, eruption of intermediate to felsic pyroclastic rocks occurred at the southern end of the massif. Basal breccia, perhaps from an exhumed vent, underlies andesite and tuffs, flows, lava domes and breccia of Devastator Peak. It has a maximum thickness of and overlies a high ridge of bedrock that formed between 251,000,000 and 65,500,000 years ago during the Mesozoic era. At the southwestern end of the massif, dacite with sparse phenocrysts (large and conspicuous crystals) of quartz, plagioclase and hornblende represents a thick remnant of subhorizontal lava flows.
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This sharpley-defined zone of surface weathering and soil formation overlies relatively fresh rock exhibiting columnar jointing. The Bombo Latite Member was subsequently intruded by at least 5 basaltic (monchiquite) dykes of probable tertiary age which flowed around and between the columns of latite often taking 90 degree changes in direction. Early workersJaquet 1905 & Harper 1915 mapped and described these dykes but subsequent development of the quarry provided further exposures and obliterated others. Today dykes are mainly in the northern half of the quarry but at least one extends across the floor of the excavation in the vicinity of the isolated columnar stacks.
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For ECTR or any carpal tunnel release surgery while there are many different blades and techniques the primary goal is to release the transverse carpal ligament (TCL) that overlies and compresses the median nerve within the carpal tunnel. It is this compression on the median nerve that leads to the characteristic 'pins and needles' paresthesia in the thumb, index, long and ring fingers. The primary benefit of endoscopic releases versus traditional open carpal tunnel release is often perceived to be the smaller incision size. ECTR incisions are commonly less than compared to a longitudinal incision with a traditional carpal tunnel release.
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The Kongsvegen is classified as a polythermal glacier, with large variations in the temperature of the ice below. The ice near the surface (between 50 and 160 metres down (160-520 feet)) is very cold, and overlies a much warmer base of ice. This leads to increased mass flow and velocity over the summer months, usually because of the build-up of meltwater at the base, which lubricates the glacier in basal sliding. The glacier is of a surge type, meaning that its length and characteristics can vary rapidly over time, making the ice field very unpredictable.
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The Point Loma Formation was first described as the middle formation of the Rosario Group by Kennedy and Moore in 1971. Their description is that the lower half is composed of interbedded fine-grained, dusky yellow sandstone and olive-gray clay shale in ledgy graded beds about 20 cm thick, which grades into massive grayish-black siltstone in the top half of the formation. Part of the Rosario Group, it overlies the Lusardi Formation, and underlies the Cabrillo Formation. The formation is found from Point Loma north to La Jolla, within the city of San Diego.
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The Yezo Group is a stratigraphic group in Hokkaido, Japan and Sakhalin, Russia which is primarily Late Cretaceous in age (Aptian to Earliest Paleocene). It is exposed as roughly North-South trending belt extending 1,500 kilometres through central Hokkaido from Urakawa to Cape Sōya and Sakhalin from the south coast to Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky District. It consists of marine forearc basin sediments, typically turbiditic and bioturbated mudstones and sandstones with subordinate conglomerate primarily deposited on the continental shelf and slope of the ancient Yezo subduction margin. It forms a continuous depositional sequence with the Sorachi Group, which overlies the Horokanai Ophiolite.
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Haplic Planosol profile near Abiy Addi in Ethiopia Distribution of Planosols Soil profile of a Eutric Planosol A Planosol in the World Reference Base for Soil ResourcesMajor Soils of the World. ISRIC Wageningen, The Netherlands, 2001 is a soil with a light-coloured, coarse-textured, surface horizon that shows signs of periodic water stagnation and abruptly overlies a dense, slowly permeable subsoil with significantly more clay than the surface horizon. In the US Soil Classification of 1938 used the name Planosols, whereas its successor, the USDA soil taxonomy, includes most Planosols in the Great Groups Albaqualfs, Albaquults and Argialbolls. These soils are typically in seasonally waterlogged flat lands.
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The Joggins Formation overlies the Little River and Grand Anse Formations, and underlies the Polly Brook Formation. It is part of the Cumberland Group of geological formations, which extends from the early Namurian stage to the Westphalian stage of the Carboniferous period. The deposit represents a time when the region was dominated by a tropical rainforest, and consists of an enormous quantity of sedimentary rock. This material was deposited by rivers and flood water moving northwards, leaving behind sediment that subsided between two fault blocks: the Cobequid Mountains and Caledonia Mountain (present-day Caledonia Mountain, New Brunswick), both of which were active in the Carboniferous.
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Out of a total of 15 clutches, at least 9 successfully hatched, which represents a nesting success rate of at least 60% for the entire site. The prominent nesting site of the Javkhlant Formation indicates that colonial nesting first evolved in non-avian dinosaur species to increase hatching success in ecosystems subject to high nest predation pressure (such as this formation). Lastly, though dendroolithid eggs are also attributed to megalosauroids, and therizinosaurids are not known from the Javkhlant Formation, it overlies the Bayan Shireh Formation, where other dendroolithid eggs and the therizinosaurs Enigmosaurus, Erlikosaurus and Segnosaurus were found. Moreover, the absence of megalosauroids on these formations is notable.
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Entrada Sandstone conformably overlies the Carmel Formation, Park Avenue, Arches National Park The Entrada Sandstone is a formation in the San Rafael Group found in the U.S. states of Wyoming, Colorado, northwest New Mexico, northeast Arizona, and southeast Utah. Part of the Colorado Plateau, this formation was deposited during the Jurassic period sometime between 180 and 140 million years ago in various environments, including tidal mudflats, beaches, and sand dunes. The Middle Jurassic San Rafael Group was dominantly deposited as ergs (sand seas) in a desert environment around the shallow Sundance Sea.The formation of the Entrada Sandstone: Tectonics, Accommodation space, Wind and lots of Sand.
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The Main Chapel, located to the southeast of the walled village, is the largest and best understood, having been protected from robbers by piles of spoil from the excavations in the 1920s. It was built in the last stage of the occupation of the village, during the reign of Tutankhamun given it partly overlies earlier construction in the stratigraphy. The structure had two entrances: a formal one to the east and another further to the south which was probably for everyday use. The formal entrance seems to have had a pylon structure, while the southern entrance was approached by a line of T-shaped basins set into the ground.
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Just south, near Petersville, the Bedford has almost no siltstone layer. There are only a few thin siltstone beds present, and the Bedford grades almost imperceptibly into the Berea—both of which are composed of bluish-gray to gray clay shales and some gray silty shale. In southern Lewis County, there is no Bedford siltstone; the upper portion of the Bedford is a noticeably soft bluish-gray shale. Near Olympia in Bath County, the Berea Sandstone is not found and the Sunbury Shale overlies the Bedford, while near Irvine in Estill County to the south both the Berea and Bedford are missing and the Sunbury lies atop the Ohio Shale.
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The SNc is composed of a thin band of cells that overlies the SNr and is situated laterally to the A10 group of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) that forms the mesolimbic dopamine pathway. The SNc is easily visualized in human brain sections because the dopamine neurons contain a black pigment called neuromelanin which is known to accumulate with age. The dopaminergic cell bodies in the SNc are densely packed with approximately 200,000 to 420,000 dopamine cells in human SNc and 8,000 to 12,000 dopamine cells in mouse SNc. These dopamine cell bodies are localized to one of two chemically defined layers.
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The first remains of Erketu were found back in 2002 by the American Museum of Natural History–Mongolian Academy of Sciences expedition conducted in Mongolia. The team discovered the outcrops of the new locality Bor Guvé, which overlies the Khara Kuthul locality and therefore is referable to the Bayan Shireh Formation. The unearthed specimen, IGM 100/1803, was found in exposure at the sediments of Bor Guvé, mainly composed by sandstone and interbedded grey siltstones, suggesting a fluvial environment that is consistent with the Bayan Shireh Formation. Collected elements are mainly represented by cervical vertebrae and postcranial remains, such as the partial right sternum, tibia and fibula with astragalus and calcaneum.
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The Santa Marta Formation was deposited during the Santonian and Campanian ages of the Late Cretaceous. It overlies the Gustav Group laid down during the Barremian and Santonian ages and is succeeded by the Snow Hill Island Formation of late Campanian age. Together, the Santa Marta Formation, Snow Hill Island Formation, the overlying López de Bertodano Formation (deposited from the late Campanian age of the Late Cretaceous to the early Paleocene epoch of the early Paleogene), and the Sobral Formation (deposited during the early Paleocene) form the Marambio Group. Originally, the formation was subdivided into three informal members termed the Alpha, Beta, and Gamma members.
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This is the Röt formation, which crops up in the headwaters of the many small brooks around the town. The Lower or Middle Muschelkalk that overlies it can only be found in a narrow, west-to-east running rift stretching between Heenes and Oberrode, north of the inner town. The newest mineral layer from the Triassic – the Lower Keuper (for example the so-called Lettenkohlensandstein) – is only preserved in the region under a lava flow, which does not show itself above ground anywhere near the town. Owing to uplift in the Jurassic and Cretaceous, there are no mineral layers from these geological time periods.
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The Doig Formation is unconformably overlain by the Halfway Formation of the Schooler Creek Group; the contact is marked by a dolomitic bed and a chert and quartz conglomerate bed. To the west it is overlain by younger Jurassic beds. It conformably overlies the Montney Formation and the contact is marked by a phosphate pellet bed in the base of the Doig. The formation correlates with the lower Llama Member of the Sulphur Mountain Formation in the southern ranges of the Canadian Rockies, with the Whistler Member of the Whitehorse Formation in the Muskwa Ranges, and with the Toad Formation in the upper Liard River area.
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The Great Bear Magmatic Zone (GBMZ) is a Paleoproterozoic (1.875–1.86 Ga) multi-collisional orogenic belt of which is exposed in the northwestern Canadian Shield east of Great Bear Lake, Northwest Territories. Covering , the GBMZ forms part of the Wopmay orogen together with the Coronation Margin and Hottah terrane and overlies these two tectonic elements. The GBMZ, in turn, is covered by Paleozoic and Proterozoic sediments and, as indicated by a long aeromagnetic line, the sub-aerial part of the GMBZ is probably long. Volcanics of the GBMZ range from basalt to rhyolite and geologic studies show it is part of an early Proterozoic continental volcanic arc.
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The sunny, south facing slopes have agaves and several species of cactus including opuntia, echnocereus and cholla. The floor of the canyon is home to several species of walnut trees, for which the canyon is named. The rocks in the canyon walls are formed of three distinct layers - the upper third of Walnut Canyon's walls contain Kaibab Limestone that varies in layers and hardness, where the cliff dwellings are found, which overlies steep, scrub covered slopes of the Toroweap Formation, while the lowest third is the sheer-walled, cross-bedded Coconino Sandstone. Many layers of the limestone eroded, creating alcoves that the Sinagua Indians used as cave- dwellings.
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Oblique Lunar Orbiter 2 view, facing south Mare Ingenii, with Obruchev to the south (bottom center) Obruchev is a disintegrating lunar impact crater that lies along the southern shore of Mare Ingenii, on the far side of the Moon. Less than three crater diameters to the south of Obruchev is the crater Chrétien, and about the same distance to the southeast lies Oresme. The outer rim of this crater has been heavily damaged and now forms an irregular, rugged ring about the interior. The crater partly overlies the satellite crater Obruchev M to the south, and there is a pair of smaller craters along the western rim and inner wall.
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The Unkar Group is overlain in ascending order by the Nankoweap Formation, about thick; the Chuar Group, about thick; and the Sixtymile Formation, about thick. The Grand Canyon Supergroup, of which the Bass Formation is the lowermost formation, overlies deeply eroded granites, gneisses, pegmatites, and schists that comprise Vishnu Basement Rocks.Elton, DP, and EH McKee (1982) Age and correlation of the late Proterozoic Grand Canyon disturbance, northern Arizona. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 93(8):681-699.Karlstrom, KE, BR Ilg, Bradley, D Hawkins, ML Williams, G Dumond, KK. Mahan, and SA Bowring, Samuel (2012) Vishnu Basement Rocks of the Upper Granite Gorge: Continent formation 1.84 to 1.66 billion years ago.
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It overlies the older Shawsheen gneiss and takes on a rusty, yellow appearance in the east. Other Nashoba terrane rocks of Paleozoic age include the Mississippian Indian Head Hill granite and diorite, the Sharpners Pond, Straw Hollow and Assabet diorites, pink Andover granite and Marlboro Formation amphibole schist and gneiss. The large Bloody Bluff Fault (named for Bloody Bluff in Minute Man National Historical Park in Lexington) is a west-dipping brittle deformation zone that formed between the Avalon terrane and Nashoba terrane, likely in the late Paleozoic. During the Silurian, the Burlington mylonite zone finished forming due to intense shearing along the Nashoba-Avalon contact.
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Irritator mounted as attacking an anhanguerid, both from the Romualdo Formation, National Museum of Brazil Thalassodromeus is known from the Romualdo Formation, which dates to the Albian stage of the Early Cretaceous period (about 110 million years ago). The formation is part of the Santana Group and, at the time Thalassodromeus was described, was thought to be a member of what was then considered the Santana Formation. The Romualdo Formation is a Lagerstätte (a sedimentary deposit that preserves fossils in excellent condition) consisting of lagoonal limestone concretions embedded in shales, and overlies the Crato Formation. It is well known for preserving fossils three-dimensionally in calcareous concretions, including many pterosaur fossils.
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Off the coast of Peru, the Nazca Plate subducts at beneath the South America Plate, causing volcanism in three of the four volcanic belts in the Andes, including the Central Volcanic Zone where Tutupaca is located. Other Peruvian volcanoes include Sara Sara, Solimana, Coropuna, the Andagua volcanic field, AmpatoSabancaya, Chachani, Ubinas, Ticsani, Yucamane, and Casiri. During historical times, major eruptions took place in Peru at El Misti 2,000 years ago and at Huaynaputina in 1600, the latter of which claimed 1,500 fatalities and disrupted the climate of Earth. The basement of the region consists of folded Mesozoic sediments, and Cenozoic volcanic and sedimentary cover which overlies the Mesozoic rocks.
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Oblique Lunar Orbiter 5 image facing west of Antoniadi (above center) and Numerov (below center) Numerov is a lunar impact crater that is located on the Moon's far side, deep in the southern hemisphere. It is attached to the larger and younger crater Antoniadi to the west, and the outer rampart of Antoniadi overlies the inner wall and part of the western interior floor of Numerov. To the east-southeast is the larger walled plain Zeeman, and to the east- northeast is the old crater Crommelin. The rim and inner wall of Numerov has undergone considerable erosion, and much of the eastern side is pock-marked by small craterlets.
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Salt fingering is a mixing process that occurs when relatively warm, salty water overlies relatively colder, fresher water. It is driven by the fact that heated water diffuses more readily than salty water. A small parcel of warm, salty water sinking downwards into a colder, fresher region will lose its heat before losing its salt, making the parcel of water increasingly denser than the water around it and sinking further. Likewise, a small parcel of colder, fresher water will be displaced upwards and gain heat by diffusion from surrounding water, which will then make it lighter than the surrounding waters, and cause it to rise further.
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Well known fossiliferous outcrops of the formation occur near Villa de Leyva, also written as Villa de Leiva, and neighboring Sáchica. The formation was named after Quebrada La Paja in Betulia, Santander, and stretches across from northeast to southwest. The Paja Formation overlies the Ritoque and Rosablanca Formations and is overlain by the San Gil Group and the Simití and Tablazo Formations and dates from the late Hauterivian to late Aptian. The Paja Formation comprises mudstones, shales and nodules of sandstones and limestones, deposited in an anoxic environment, in the warm and shallow sea that covered large parts of the present Colombian territory during the Cretaceous.
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Overlying the Coeymans Formation, at the top of the escarpment, the Kalkberg Formation contains brachiopods and crinoids and is interpreted as even deeper marine deposits. The New Scotland Formation contains interbedded shale and sandstone; an exposure is found in Minelot Creek, up creek of the Paint Mine parking area. The Becraft Formation overlies the New Scotland Formation and is a coarse-grained limestone with abundant crinoid debris; it is best exposed in the northern section of the park near Carrick Road, where an unconformity separates the Becraft and overlying Oriskany Sandstone. Due to its predominant limestone bedrock, the park features karst topography which includes numerous disappearing streams, caves, sinkholes, and grikes.
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A debate has arise of whether the Dagshai Formation overlies conformably or unconformably on top of the Subathu formation. recent research by dating detrital micas and fission track dating of detrital zircons shows conclusively that there is an unconformable nature between the Subathu and Dagshai Formation. Magnetostratigraphic data suggests that the Daghsai formation was deposited at approximately 27 Ma with 2 Ma uncertainty. Previously, multiple studies of facies interpretation of the Dagshai formation has been conducted with varying results regarding the past depositional environment; the presence of quartzitic sandstones was thought to be leftovers of an extensive and prolonged weathering in alluvial plains in which time tropical weathering was intensifying.
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These include an ash bed correlated to the 3.28 Ma Nomlaki Tuff. At Cat Mesa, the formation overlies a lava flow with a Ar-Ar age of 3.00 ± 0.01 Ma. A second flow within the formation has an Ar-Ar age of 2.68 ± 0.04 Ma. The formation is overlain by a third flow with a K-Ar age of 2.68 ± 0.04 Ma. A fossil pocket gopher is also consistent with a Pliocene age. Interbedded flows near Las Lunas give ages of 1.25 ± 0.02 Ma and 3.80 ± 0.04 Ma, extending the formation into the Pleistocene. The formation is divided into the Atrisco Member, Rio Puerco Member, and Santa Ana Mesa member.
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This built up zone also overlies lost Bromkinsthorpe in Braunstone Gate, Leicester.Ordnance Survey Explorer Map 233 Leicester and Hinckley, Southampton, 2000 Currently, there may be profitable outcomes of further field-walking, documentary and place-name research in several Leicestershire parishes. Ashby de la Zouch and Bottesford, at opposite sides of the county, seemingly have a greater density of lost places than many other areas of the county.Cox, B., A Dictionary of Leicestershire and Rutland Place-names, Nottingham, 2005 In Bottesford, Becklingthorpe, Easthorpe and Normanton settlements are known and thrive, but not much is known about Hardwick, Toston and Westthorpe, whose precise locations are uncertain.
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The tuff, Gao and Ren argued, contains crystals with a variety of diverse radiometric ages, some up to a billion years old, so using dates from only a few of these crystals could not determine the overall age of the deposits. Gao and Ren went on to defend a Middle Jurassic age for the beds based on biostratigraphy (the use of index fossils), and the bed's relationship to a layer that is known to mark the Middle Jurassic-Late Jurassic boundary. Another study, published in 2006 by Wang et al., argued that the 159-164 million years old Tiaojishan Formation underlies, rather than overlies, the Daohugou Beds.
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The Miners Delight formation which hosts several epigenetic shear zone and vein gold deposits is subdivided into several lithologic units, the relative ages of which are not known. The Roundtop Mountain Greenstone is predominantly greenstone, greenschist, and amphibolite, but also includes mica schist, hornblende-mica schist, and metabasalt, accompanied by minor metagreywacke, metatuff, chlorite schist, tremolite-actinolite schist and rare grunerite schist. The unit is exposed on both limbs of the South Pass synclinorium, and in most places conformably, but locally unconformably, overlies the Goldman Meadows Formation. Much of the unit is composed of metamorphosed pillow basalts and cusp-shaped pillow structures are preserved on Roundtop Mountain.
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A broad zone of carbonated breccias and intensely folded schists, representing a major break in the geologic record, is found at the top of the formation. The Goldman Meadows Formation overlies the Diamond Springs Formation and contains two distinct lithologies: a schist member that includes pelitic schists, quartzites and massive to schistose amphibolites; and iron formation members composed of banded quartz-magnetite-amphibolite iron formation. The iron formation consists of laminated dark gray to black, fine-grained, hard, dense alternating layers of magnetite and metachert and varying amounts of amphibole. The average iron content in the Atlantic City area is about 33.5% and ranges as high as 56.23%.
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Oblique Lunar Orbiter 5 image, facing west Oblique Apollo 14 Hasselblad camera image, with the large crater Compton in the background Fabry is a large lunar impact crater of the form termed a walled plain. It is located on the far side of the Moon, just beyond the northeastern limb. Parts of this area are sometimes brought into view by the effects of libration, but the terrain is seen from the edge and so not much in the way of detail can be observed. This formation is of significant dimensions in its own right, but it overlies the northeast rim of an even larger basin named Harkhebi.
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For purposes of radiographic visualization, the most reliable indicator of junction location is to find the carina, then observe the vertebrae it overlies. The junction will lie two vertebral body units (VBUs) below the carina, counting the single intervertebral disc between them, but not the disc below them. It has been demonstrated that the more ordinary method of looking for the "bulge" in the cardiac outline is unreliable, since cardiac or other thoracic pathology can shift the apparent position of that landmark. Hospitalized patients may need to receive solutions and medications that, if given through an ordinary intravenous therapy catheter, would severely damage both blood cells and the vascular system.
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Since the mid-Cretaceous, North America had been divided in half by this seaway, with much of Montana and Alberta below the surface of the water. However, the uplift of the Rocky Mountains forced the seaway to retreat eastwards and southwards. Rivers flowed down from the mountains and drained into the seaway, carrying sediment that formed the Two Medicine Formation and the Judith River Group. About 73 million years ago, the seaway began to advance westwards and northwards again, and the entire region was covered by the Bearpaw Sea, now preserved throughout the Western US and Canada by the massive Bearpaw Shale, which overlies the Two Medicine.
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The Marie Byrd Land Volcanic Province is a volcanic field in northern Marie Byrd Land of West Antarctica, consisting of over 18 large shield volcanoes, 30 small volcanic centres and possibly many more centres buried under the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. It overlies a wide and long dome that has formed as a result of fault blocking within the West Antarctic Rift System. Volcanism in the Marie Byrd Land Volcanic Province commenced at least 36 million years ago during the latest Eocene epoch. This activity has continued into the current Holocene epoch, with the largest volcanic eruption in the last 10,000 years having possibly taken place about 2,300 years ago.
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The Kirtland Formation is the product of alluvial muds and overbank sand deposits from the many channels draining the coastal plain that existed on the inland seashore of North America, in the late Cretaceous period. It overlies the Fruitland Formation. It is found in the San Juan Basin in the states of New Mexico and Colorado, in the United States of America. The base of the Kirtland Formation and its lowest sub-unit, the Hunter Wash member, has been dated to 75.02 ± 0.13 Ma.Fowler 2017 Together with the upper part of the underlying Fruitland Formation, this contains fossils representing the Hunter Wash local fauna.
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Spectrum Range ice and red volcanic rock from heavy mineralization The second phase of activity began three million years ago, emplacing rhyolitic magma thick and long during a single event of activity. A broad circular lava dome was eventually created called the Spectrum Range. This is the southernmost of the four central volcanoes and is over wide and up to thick on the southwestern flank of Armadillo Peak and north of the Arctic Lake Plateau. Named for its extensive colourful alteration, it overlies a basal shield volcano and contains deeply carved circular valleys displaying portions of massive silica-rich comendite and trachyte lava flows which comprise the lava dome.
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Retrieved 2014-01-31. The ridge is primarily Shawangunk Conglomerate, a hard, silica- cemented sedimentary conglomerate of white quartz pebbles and sandstone that directly overlies the Martinsburg Formation, a thick sequence of turbidite deposits of dark gray shale and greywacke. The Martinsburg Formation was deposited in a deep ocean basin during the Ordovician (470 million years ago). The Shawangunk Conglomerate was deposited over the Martinsburg Formation in thick braided river deposits during the Silurian (about 420 million years ago); both sequences of sedimentary rock were subsequently deformed in a continental collision associated during the assembly of the Pangean supercontinent during the Permian (about 270 million years ago).
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Typical aquifer cross-section Diving in a flooded cave An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock, rock fractures or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt). The study of water flow in aquifers and the characterization of aquifers is called hydrogeology. If an impermeable layer overlies the aquifer, pressure could cause it to become a confined aquifer. Aquifers may be classified as porous or karst, where a porous aquifer contains the water in the spaces between the grains of a loose sediment or rock (typically sand or sandstone), while a karst aquifer contains water mainly in relatively large voids in relatively impermeable rock, such as limestone or dolomite.
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Map of the Powder and Wind River and Bighorn Basins Map of the Green River Basin Map of the Uinta and Piceance Basins The Wasatch Formation is found across six states in the northwestern United States, from MontanaWasatch Formation - Montana - USGS and Idaho in the north across UtahWasatch Formation - Utah - USGS and Wyoming to Colorado in the southwest. The formation is part of several geologic provinces; the eponymous Wasatch uplift, Uinta uplift, Green River, Piceance, Powder River, Uinta and Paradox Basins and the Colorado Plateau sedimentary province and Yellowstone province.Wasatch "Group" - USGS In Montana, the formation overlies the Fort Union Formation and is overlain by the White River Formation.Widmayer, 1977, p.
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The Klondike Mountain Formation is an Early Eocene (Ypresian) geological formation located in the northeast central area of Washington state. The formation, named for the type location designated in 1962, Klondike Mountain north of Republic, Washington, is composed of volcanic rocks in the upper unit and volcanics plus lacustrine (lakebed) sedimentation in which a lagerstätte with exceptionally well-preserved plant and insect fossils has been found, along with fossil epithermal hot springs. The formation is the youngest in a group of formations which belong to the Challis Sequence rocks. The formation unconformably overlies rocks of the Eocene Sanpoil Volcanics and much older Triassic and Permian formations.
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The formation of three major sedimentary basins on the western edge of Madagascar occurred as a result of crustal extension in the center of Gondwana since Permo-Carboniferous times. These basins include Morondava, Mahajanga, and Ambilobe basins. The Morondava basin overlies the Precambrian basement and is composed of a thick sequence of Carboniferous to Late Triassic sedimentary rocks from the Karoo Supergroup as well as Middle Jurassic to Cenozoic rocks. The Mahajanga, the second largest basin in Madagascar, extends 400 km along the northwestern coast and is filled by a thick sequence of sediments from the Karoo Supergroup deposited during the Late Permian to early Jurassic.
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The summit of the hill is formed in sandstones and siltstones of the Cae'r Mynach Formation which like all of the rocks are tilted steeply to the southeast as part of a geological structure called the Myddfai Steep Belt. The flaggy micaceous sandstones of the Tilestones Formation immediately overlies these beds and this is followed in turn by the thick sequence of the Raglan Mudstone Formation. These latter two formations are assigned as the oldest parts of the Old Red Sandstone though date from the Silurian. To the northwest are the various sandstones, mudstones and siltstones of the Aberedw, Hafod Fawr, Cwm Graig Ddu and Halfway Farm Formations.
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The Nonesuch Shale is a Proterozoic geologic formation that outcrops in Michigan and Wisconsin, United States, but has been found by drill holes to extend in the subsurface as far southwest as Iowa. The Nonesuch is a lacustrine sequence of shale, siltstone, and sandstone, 150 to 210 m thick, that conformably overlies the alluvial Copper Harbor Conglomerate and is conformably overlain by the fluvial Freda Sandstone. Together, the Copper Harbor, Nonesuch, and Freda make up the Oronto Group.Scott W. Imbus and others, "Organic geochemistry and sedimentology of middle Proterozoic Nonesuch Formation - hydrocarbon source rock assessment of a lacustrine rift deposit," in Lacustrine Basin Exploration, Tulsa, Okla.
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The Stephen Formation is a geologic formation exposed in the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia and Alberta, on the western edge of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. It consists of shale, thin-bedded limestone, and siltstone that was deposited during Middle Cambrian time (513 to 497 million years ago). It is famous for the exceptional preservation of soft-bodied fossils: the Burgess Shale biota. The formation overlies the Cathedral escarpment, a submarine cliff; consequently it is divided into two quite separate parts, the 'thin' sequence deposited in the shallower waters atop the escarpment, and the 'thick' sequence deposited in the deeper waters beyond the cliff.
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96 and in the area around the Chico River in the same basin, the formation overlies the La Pava Formation. In this location, the Collón Curá Formation is unconformably overlain by the Río Negro Formation.Río Chico Colloncuran at Fossilworks.org The oldest age for the formation has been given as 16.1 Ma,Di Pietro, 2016, p.47 and the top of the formation has been dated to 11 ± 1, and more precisely to 10.7 Ma. 40Ar/39Ar analysis on amphibole crystals, collected from fresh pumice clasts, revealed an age of 14.86 ± 0.13 Ma for the middle section of the Collón Curá Formation in the Gastre Sub-basin of the Cañadón Asfalto Basin.
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The Belsa Formation is found within the Maestrazgo Basin. Within the stratigraphic sequence it overlies Jurassic rocks in a syn-rift unconformity, and underlies the Alacón Formation. The formation is up to 150 metres thick and is divided into three distinct unconformity bounded units, which are called the Lower, Middle and Upper Blesa Sequences. The Lower Blesa sequence varies greatly in thickness from less than 10 m up to 100 m is divided up into two members, the lower Cabezo Gordo Member, which consists of red clays and the upper Morenillo Member, which consists of limestones and marls, both of these sequences were deposited in a continental setting.
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The Fox Hills Formation consists of marginal marine yellow to grey sandstone with shale interbeds. It was deposited as a regressive sequence of barrier islands during the retreat of the Western Interior Seaway in Late Cretaceous time. In its eastern extents, the formation is underlain by the marine Pierre Shale in the United States and by the equivalent Bearpaw Formation in Canada, while in western ranges in Montana and Wyoming it overlies the Lewis Shale. The Fox Hills is overlain by continental sediments of the Laramie Formation in Colorado and the Lance Formation in Wyoming, the later being the equivalent of the overlying Hell Creek Formation in Montana.
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View of Puntal dels Llops from inside the fort looking down the central street towards the tower Puntal dels Llops is a small Iberian hilltop fort located near the modern town of Olocau, in Valencia province. It overlies an earlier Bronze Age site. Its original name in Iberian is unknown. It was built in the late fifth or early fourth century BC and destroyed violently around the end of the Second Punic War or in the early second century BC. The site is part of a network of fortified sites that surround the large Iberian town of Edeta (Tossal de Sant Miguel, Llíria) and so is important to understanding the formation and organisation of Iberian polities.
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The Po Plain, a foreland basin formed by the downflexing of the crust by the loading of the Apennine thrust sheets, overlies and mainly conceals the active front of the Northern Apennines fold and thrust belt, across which there is about one millimeter (0.04 in) per year of active shortening at present. Information from hydrocarbon exploration demonstrates that the area is underlain by a series of active thrust faults and related folds, some of which have been detected from anomalous drainage patterns. These blind thrust faults are roughly WNW-ESE trending, parallel to the mountain front, and dip shallowly towards the south-southwest. Several damaging historical earthquakes, such as the 1570 Ferrara earthquake, have occurred in the area.
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The sequence continues with the Rousay flagstones deposited in a similar lacustrine environment. The flagstones show a marked cyclicity in their sedimentation, with 86 such cycles being counted for the whole sequence.Lower Middle Devonian, Hall, Adrian and Brown, John, "Orkney Landscapes" (online) (Edinburgh, Scotland) September 2005, Last update 10-Nov-2008 These are interpreted as representing regular climatically driven changes in lake level caused by Milankovitch cyclicity The Eday Group overlies the Rousay Flagstones and represents a change to dominantly fluvial/aeolian deposition with only occasional lacustrine intervals. The Eday Group consists of three sandstone units, the lower, middle and upper Eday Sandstones separated by the Eday Flagstones and Eday Marl respectively.
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The Buildwas Formation comprises olive-green and grey calcareous mudstones and nodular to lenticular calcareous mudstones and argillaceous limestones with shell fragments present throughout. The basal part of the formation consists of grey-green rubbly mudstones, containing comminuted shell debris and overlies the mottled green, grey and purple mudstones of the Rubery Formation with a thick transition in colour and upward decrease in number of hard siltstone beds. The top of the Buildwas Formation shows a gradational increase in thickness of beds and a number of limestone beds, where it grades into the overlying Barr Limestone Formation. The thickness of the formation ranges from , with the thinnest outcrops occurring near Walsall thickening towards Wenlock Edge.
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The age of the Shinumo Quartzite is approximately known. Based upon recent dates of volcanic ash layers, detrital zircon grains, and detrital mica flakes, geologists agree that the Unkar Group was deposited between about 1254 and 1100 Ma. The Hakatai Shale, Shinumo Quartzite, and Dox Formation samples yield clusters of zircon as young as 1170 Ma. Thus, these strata must be younger than 1170 Ma. The Dox Formation, which overlies the Shinumo Quartzite is estimated to have accumulated between 1150 and 1140 and 1100 Ma. Thus, the Shinumo Quartzite must date to between 1170 and 1150 to 1140 Ma. This would suggest that the disconformity at the base of the Shinumo Quartzite is a minor one.
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In the human brain, the rhomboid fossa is divided into symmetrical halves by a median sulcus which reaches from the upper to the lower angles of the fossa and is deeper below than above. On either side of this sulcus is an elevation, the medial eminence, bounded laterally by a sulcus, the sulcus limitans. In the superior part of the fossa the medial eminence has a width equal to that of the corresponding half of the fossa, but opposite the superior fovea it forms an elongated swelling, the colliculus facialis, which overlies the nucleus of the abducent nerve, and is, in part at least, produced by the internal genu of the facial nerve.
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The Roxbury Conglomerate comprises the lower part of the Boston Bay Group, which is a 5,000-meter-thick (3 miles) sequence of sedimentary rocks that fill the Neoproterozoic Boston Basin in eastern Massachusetts. The upper part of the Boston Bay Group consists of the Cambridge Argillite, which overlies the Roxbury Conglomerate. The Roxbury Conglomerate traditionally has been subdivided into three subdivisions; (1.) basal Brookline Member (conglomerate and sandstone), (2.) medial Dorchester Member (mostly sandstone with minor conglomerate) and (3.) upper Squantum Member (largely diamictite). However, these three subdivisions of the Roxbury Conglomerate complexly interfinger with each other and lack the simple layer- cake distribution that past studies have described.Emerson, B.K. (1917) Geology of Massachusetts and Rhode Island.
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Volcanism in general has shifted southward over time, although more recent radiometric dating efforts indicate that volcanic activity in the fields was more contemporaneous than thought. The volcanic field overlies a high Tertiary surface between the Paleozoic to Tertiary Murzuk and Sirte Basins; the Syrte embayment during the Miocene reached into the Haruj mountains. A number of swells and tectonic lineaments, some of which are located at the margins between geologic blocks, characterize the basement beneath Haruj and have influenced the location of volcanic vents. The basement is of Eocene to Oligocene age and consists of conglomerate, dolomite, limestone, marl and sandstone, known as the Bishimah Formation; where the lavas of Haruj are thinner, it often forms white outcrops.
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Central African Copper Belt geologic map of Katanga Supergroup and mine locations Native copper, Mufulira Mine of the Copperbelt Province of Zambia where the Katanga Supergroup formations are mined for copper The Katanga Supergroup is a Neoproterozoic sequence of geological formations found in central Africa. The formation is well-studied for its rich stratiform copper- cobalt deposits mined extensively in from the Central African Copperbelt in Zambia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Particularly rich outcrops of the Roan Group of the supergroup occur in eastern Katanga Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo where open-pit copper mining has occurred. The Katanga Supergroup nonconformably overlies the 883 Ma Nchanga Granite.
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Shingle Beach at Folkestone, located at the foot of the cliffs below the Roman Villa site The Roman villa and earlier Iron Age workshop are located on the head of a low, slumped cliff, overlooking a shingle beach. The cliff here is composed of a band of gault clay that is nearly 100 feet thick, which overlies the Lower Greensand stone formation. The greensand is not actually sand: it is a loose, unconsolidated sandstone bed that forms part of the underlying structure of southeast England. The exposed greensand at Folkestone, referred to as the Folkestone Formation or the Folkestone Beds, is a unique geological feature of the area, and is rich with fossils and ichnofauna.
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The Lexington Limestone is a prominent geologic formation that constitutes a large part of the late Ordovician bedrock of the inner Bluegrass region in Kentucky. Named after the city of Lexington, the geologic formation has heavily influenced both the surface topography and economy of the region. It overlies the approximately Middle to Late Ordovician High Bridge Group, which is only exposed in some valleys of the Kentucky River, and underlies the Clays Ferry Formation. Since the time of its deposition spans several million years which were accompanied by constant sea level and topographical changes, the lithology of the Lexington Limestone varies significantly with geographic location and stratigraphic position within the rock column.
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About 160 metres of pelagic sediment in the form of sand, ooze and pelagic limestone accumulated on Allison Guyot; pelagic limestone is of Turonian to Campanian (83.6 ± 0.2 − 72.1 ± 0.2 million years ago) age while the oozes and sands were deposited starting in the early Paleocene (66–56 million years ago). In drill cores, the ooze has a sandy, watery habitus owing to the prevalence of fossil foraminifera in the sediment. The pelagic sediments have been bioturbated in some places and modified by sea currents, which have formed the large mound of pelagic sediment. In drill cores, the ooze overlies Cretaceous shallow-water limestones, which were modified by phosphatisation and manganese accumulation.
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A probably contemporaneous Oldowan site is documented at Garba IV. The magneto-stratigraphic sequence of Jaramillo lies between Tuff A, which overlies the Oldowan sites, and Tuff B, which is dated between 1.0 and 0.84 million years ago. Some important sites, such as Garba XII and Simbiro III, datable to a transitional phase from the late Oldowan to the Early Acheulean (Garba XII) or to an archaic phase of the Acheulean (Simbiro), also lie within this chronological span. A later phase of the African Acheulean is well represented by several sites in the area of Gombore II (dated to about 0.8 mya). The latest Acheulean site is Garba I, dated to ca.
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Dark green clay with sandstone and siltstone interbeds, together up to 40 meters thick, overlies Vendian age rocks, defining the Lower Cambrian and the start of the Paleozoic. It is overlain by the Lontova Stage clays. The Vergale Stage has an angular unconformity with basement rocks in the east and contains brown oolitic ironstone, sandstone, siltstone and argillite up to 45 meters thick with the 42 meter Rausve Stage sandstone and siltstone above it. The mid-Cambrian Kybartai Stage sits above the Rausve Stage with abundant glauconite and is overlain in the west by the 67 meters of clay in the Deimena Stage or the Paneriai Stage argillite and sandstone in the east.
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Fir Creek, a Bull Run River tributary Columbia River basalts, 10 to 20 million years old, that underlie much of the Bull Run watershed are exposed near the bottoms of steep canyons along the river and its tributaries. In the western half of the watershed, the Rhododendron formation, rich in sediments, overlies the basalt, and later volcanic flows of basalt and andesite overlie both older formations. Areas of thick talus occur in the eastern part of the watershed at elevations higher than above sea level, and north-facing slopes above show evidence of glaciation. Over many centuries, streams in the watershed have carved canyons through the Rhododendron formation to the level of the basalt.
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A juvenile specimen of Alamosaurus has been reported to come from the Black Peaks Formation, which overlies the Javelina in Big Bend, Texas, and which straddles the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. The Alamosaurus specimen was reported to come from a few meters below the boundary, dated to 66 million years ago, though the position of the boundary in this region is uncertain. Only one geological site in the Javelina Formation has thus far yielded the correct rock types for radiometric dating. The outcrop, situated in the middle strata of the formation about below the K-Pg boundary and within the local range of Alamosaurus fossils, was dated to million years old in 2010.
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Dinosaurs from the Bayan Shireh Formation compared in size (Segnosaurus fifth from right, in dark red) Fossils of Segnosaurus have been recovered from the Bayan Shireh Formation in Mongolia, which has been dated to about 102–86 million years ago during the Cenomanian to Turonian stages of the Late Cretaceous period, based on paleomagnetic analysis and calcite U–Pb measurements. The remains were found in poorly cemented, gray sands containing intraformational conglomerates, gravel, and gray claystone. The Bayan Shireh Formation overlies the Baruunbayan Formation and underlies the Javkhlant Formation. The sediments of these formations were deposited by meandering rivers and lakes on an alluvial plain (flat land consisting of sediments deposited by highland rivers) with a semi-arid climate.
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In a 2013 conference abstract, paleontologist Yoshitsugu Kobayashi and colleagues reported a nesting ground of theropod dinosaurs at the Javkhlant Formation, which contained at least 17 egg clutches from the same layer within an area of 22 m by 52 m. Each clutch contained 8 spherical eggs with rough surfaces which were in contact with each other and arranged in a circular structure without a central opening. Based on microscopical features in the eggshells, the researchers identified the eggs as the type Dendroolithidae, which had previously been attributed to therizinosaurs. Though therizinosaurs are not known from the Javkhlant Formation, it overlies the Bayan Shireh Formation, where Segnosaurus, Erlikosaurus, and Enigmosaurus were found.
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The Abrahamskraal Formation comprises the majority of the Middle Permian Beaufort sequence, and are thought to range between 268 - 259 million years in age. The lowermost deposits of the Abrahamskraal Formation found in the Eastern Cape until recently were named the Koonap Formation, but these outcrops have been amalgamated into the Abrahamskraal Formation due to recent stratigraphic and biostratigraphic research. The Abrahamskraal Formation incorporates the entire Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone in its upper sections and the entire Eodicynodon Assemblage Zone its lowermost southern deposits. In the west and northerly deposits the Abrahamskraal Formation overlies the Waterford Formation and the Middleton Formation in the south, both formations containing the uppermost deposits of the Ecca Group.
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The northern shore of the bay is dominated by a long and low red cliff, 2–6 m in height, of pindan soil which gives the beaches there their distinctive red colouration. It overlies yellowish-red Broome Sandstone of Cretaceous age which, when exposed at the base of the cliff, shows occasional fossil footprints of dinosaurs. Landward of the mangrove-lined creeks along the eastern shore are bare flats that are only flooded on high spring tides, with the hypersaline soil inhibiting the establishment of vegetation, except for some areas of samphire. The landward side is also known as Roebuck Plain with a pastoral lease of the name Roebuck Plains Station situated on the land.
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Eucommia jeffersonensis is known only from a single fossil, the holotype, specimen UF 11053, which is housed in the paleobotanical collections of the Florida Museum of Natural History. The specimen, a partially complete mature fruit, is preserved as a compression fossil in lacustrian shale recovered from the Gray Butte flora exposed near the base of Gray Butte in Oregon. The Gray Butte fora was formerly considered part of the youngest Clarno Formation and plants found almost exclusively in the Clarno formation are present at Gray Butte. The flora also hosts plants almost exclusively in the John Day Formation that overlies the Clarno Formation, and has more recently been considered part of the John Day Formation.
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De Sitter is a lunar impact crater that is located near the northern limb of the Moon, to the north of the Baillaud–Euctemon crater pair. Due to its location, this crater appears very foreshortened when viewed from the Earth, limiting the detail that can be viewed. The crater also receives sunlight at a low angle, when it is on the sunlit side. This crater forms part of an unusual three-crater cluster, with De Sitter overlying the northeast rim of De Sitter L and the southern rim of De Sitter M. All three craters are of comparable dimension, with the largest being De Sitter M. Where De Sitter overlies the other two craters, its outer rim appears slumped.
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The cascades around High House Farm have revealed the Red Scar Grit Sandstone that overlies the coal and both sandstone and coal were mined and quarried in the area; most of these workings were down in the steep valley carved by the river. This upper section flows through a narrow "V-shaped" valley that rises from from the riverbed to at the rim of the valley. This section of the river is designated as part of the East Nidderdale Moors SSSI because of the ancient woodland at Birks Gill, the birdlife and fauna it supports. It runs east towards Masham and is joined by numerous becks and is also home to three ancient, semi-natural woodlands; Hall Wood, Fearby Low Moor and Hawkswell Wood.
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A first eruptive episode was phreatomagmatic and generated a low eruption column which in turn gave rise to pyroclastic flows and pyroclastic surges, which were heavily influenced by the topography as they propagated and then came to rest, giving rise to several geological units which are each thick. These units include a lithic unit formed by pre-existent country rock which overlies other units and is sometimes embedded into them as lens-like forms, and a pumice fall deposit that has undergone hydrothermal alteration and fluvial erosion in part. At least three lapilli tuff units are present, the thickest of which has a massive structure and reaches a thickness of . An obsidian containing facies is found inside of one vent of the volcano.
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Map of Valle Padusa (1570) The Po Plain, which is a foreland basin formed by the of the crust by the loading of the Apennine thrust sheets, overlies and mainly conceals the active front of the Northern Apennines fold and thrust belt, across which there is about 1 mm per year of active shortening at present. Information from hydrocarbon exploration demonstrates that the area is underlain by a series of active thrust faults and related folds, some of which have been detected from anomalous drainage patterns. These blind thrust faults are roughly west-northwest–east-southeast- trending, parallel to the mountain front, and dip shallowly towards the south- southwest. The 1570 earthquake has been linked to movement on the outermost and northernmost of these thrusts.
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Restoration of the head Irritator and Angaturama are known from the Romualdo Formation, whose rocks are dated to the Albian stage of the Early Cretaceous Period, about 110 million years ago. During this time, the Southern Atlantic Ocean was opening, forming the series of circum-Atlantic basins of southern Brazil and southwestern Africa, but the northeastern part of Brazil and West Africa were still connected. The Romualdo Formation is part of the Santana Group and, at the time Irritator was described, was thought to be a member of what was then considered the Santana Formation. The Romualdo Formation is a Lagerstätte (a sedimentary deposit that preserves fossils in excellent condition) consisting of limestone concretions embedded in shales, and overlies the Crato Formation.
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A panorama of Broken Hill, New South Wales, backed by waste dumps and tailings from the line of lode Tailings are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction (gangue) of an ore. Tailings are distinct from overburden, which is the waste rock or other material that overlies an ore or mineral body and is displaced during mining without being processed. The extraction of minerals from ore can be done two ways: placer mining, which uses water and gravity to concentrate the valuable minerals, or hard rock mining, which pulverizes the rock containing the ore and then relies on chemical reactions to concentrate the sought-after material. In the latter, the extraction of minerals from ore requires comminution, i.e.
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Vector-based stack-unit maps depict the vertical succession of geologic units to a specified depth (here, the base of the block diagram). This mapping approach characterizes the vertical variations of physical properties in each 3-D map unit. In this example, an alluvial deposit (unit “a”) overlies glacial till (unit “t”), and the stack-unit labeled “a/t” indicates that relationship, whereas the unit “t” indicates that glacial till extends down to the specified depth. In a manner similar to that shown in figure 11, the stack-unit's occurrence (the map unit's outcrop), geometry (the map unit's boundaries), and descriptors (the physical properties of the geologic units included in the stack-unit) are managed as they are for a typical 2-D geologic map.
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Diagram showing the acoustic relationship that results in a seismic polarity reversal. In reflection seismology, a polarity reversal or phase change is a local amplitude seismic attribute anomaly that can indicate the presence of hydrocarbons and is therefore known as a direct hydrocarbon indicator. It primarily results from the change in polarity of the seismic response when a shale (with a lower acoustic impedance) overlies a brine-saturated zone (with a high acoustic impedance), that becomes invaded with an oil/gas sand (with the lowest acoustic impedance of the three). This changes the acoustic impedance contrast from an increase to a decrease, resulting in the polarity of the seismic response being reversed - as per the normal convention adopted by the SEG.
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The Caloris Montes Formation, which was informally called the Caloris mountains terrain by Trask and Guest, consists of a jumbled array of smooth-appearing but highly segmented mountain massifs that rise 1-2 km above the surrounding terrain. These massifs mark the crestline of the most prominent scarp or ring of the Caloris Basin and grade outward into smaller blocks and lineated terrain. The Caloris Montes Formation is very similar in morphology to and is considered the equivalent of the massif facies of the Montes Rook Formation around the Orientale Basin. The Caloris Montes is interpreted as basin rim deposits consisting of ejecta from deep within Caloris that is mixed with but generally overlies uplifted and highly fractured prebasin bedrock.
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Trending east-west between Australia and Antarctica, the SEIR traverses the Australian-Antarctic Discordance (AAD), a morphologically complex region overlying an area of mantle down-welling. Located midway between the ASP-Kerguelen and the Balleny-Tasmantid hotspots, the AAD overlies a region where cooler mantle temperatures have produced a thin oceanic crust and a rough topography with deep valleys. Between the AAD and the Amsterdam and St. Paul islands, spreading rate is constant at 69–75 mm/yr while axial depth increases by more than 2300 m. This has been interpreted as an eastward decrease in mantle temperature of perhaps 100 °C caused by a magma flow from the Kerguelen–ASP hotspots to the AAD 'cold spot' at 120–128°E.
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The plate interface above the subducted part of the ridge has a shallower dip than the area to both north and south, the boundaries interpreted to consist of two large tears in the downgoing Nazca Plate. The northern part of Ecuador overlies the subducted part of the Carnegie Ridge and is an area where the Nazca Plate is interpreted to be strongly coupled to the South American Plate, causing an unusually large degree of intraplate deformation. The main active fault zones of Ecuador are SSW-NNE trending dextral strike-slip faults running parallel to the main subdivisions of the Andes, two major SW-NE dextral strike-slip zones, the Pallatanga and Chingual faults, and north-south trending reverse faults such as the Quito fault.
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The formation consists of three facies. These are piedmont slope and alluvial fan deposits, typically composed of light-brown to light-reddish-brown sandstone and fanglomerate; axial stream deposits, which are composed of light-gray to light-yellowish-brown fine- to medium-grained sand and sandstone with fluvial cross-bedding and cut-and-fill channels; and piedmont slope and alluvial flat deposits, which are light-brown to light-reddish-brown fine-grained sand and silt to coarse angular fanglomerate. The formation also has some interbedded basalt in the type area, with a K-Ar age of 4.5 +/-0.1 Ma. The total thickness is in excess of . The formation unconformably overlies or is in fault contact with the Popotosa Formation or older formations.
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Soluble organic substances formed by decomposition of the forest litter attack soil minerals in surface horizons, and much of the iron and aluminum released combines with this organic material. When the proportion of aluminum and iron to organic matter reaches a critical level, the organic complex becomes insoluble and is deposited in the B horizon. Dissolved aluminum and iron may also move downward in inorganic forms and be deposited as aluminum-silicon complexes and iron oxides. An Ae (light grey, strongly leached) horizon usually overlies the Podzolic B horizon. Podzolic soils occupy about 1 429 000 km2 (15.6%) of Canada's land area and are dominant in vast areas of the humid Appalachian and Canadian Shield regions and in the humid coastal region of British Columbia.
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The Alajuela Formation, originally Alhajuela Formation (Tau),Geologic Map, 1980 is a Late Miocene (Tortonian, Early Hemphillian or Latest Clarendonian in the NALMA classification) geologic formation in the Panama Canal Zone of central Panama. The formation overlies the Caimito Formation and comprises sandstones, limestones and conglomerates deposited in a tidal-dominated estuarine to shallow marine environment. The formation crops out in a small area along the southern and western shores of Lake Alajuela, of which it derives its name, and preserves a rich fossil faunal assemblage of mammals, fish (among which fossil teeth of megalodon), invertebrates and flora. The fauna is of paleontological significance as an insight into the ecosystem of Central America preceding the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI).
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On the south side, the massif of the Tödi is mainly composed of gneiss, which, according to Escher von der Linth, overlies a pioritic granite with large felspar crystals. The summit and the northern flank are mainly composed of metamorphic slate, in which talc predominates, but is sometimes replaced by felspar, so that the rock sometimes approaches the condition of gneiss and sometimes that of mica slate. There are manifest traces of anthracite, especially at the Bifertengrätli, where the rock in some places assumes the appearance of a quartzite mixed with fragment of talc, which has elsewhere in this region been referred to the Verrucano. To these strata succeed dolomite and Jurassic limestone, similar in character to those developed on a large scale in the canton of Glarus.
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Although the total thickness of the Great Valley Sequence in places is upwards of , most of these rocks today are buried beneath the thick Cenozoic sedimentary fill of the Great Valley of California. A number of gas and oil wells do penetrate these rocks in the subsurface of the valley, and these same rocks also crop out extensively along the west margin of the valley and to a lesser extent along the northern and eastern margins. The sequence overlies the Franciscan Assemblage along the west margin of its extent, and onlaps onto granitic rocks of the Sierra Nevada in the east. The rocks in Great Valley Sequence are largely shale deposited in a deep-marine setting with thick bodies of sandstone and minor conglomerate that represent ancient deep-sea submarine fans and submarine canyons.
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Note that the fingers shown here are not interlaced normally (with all ten fingers showing from the top), but interlaced as in finger rafting (with only five fingers visible from either the top or bottom). Whereby the first finger in one hand overlies the same finger in the other hand), the second finger in one hand underlies the second finger in the other hand, the third fingers do as the first fingers, etc. Finger rafting develops in an ice cover as a result of a compression regime established within the plane of the ice. As two expanses of sea ice converge toward another, one of them slides smoothly on top of the other (it is overthrusted) along a given distance, resulting in a local increase in ice thickness.
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The site contains the entrance to St Cuthbert's Swallet cave, and overlies a large part of the cave complex reached through St Cuthbert's Swallet. This cave is an integral part of the Priddy Caves system which contains over 10 miles of surveyed cave passages divided between two major systems and four minor systems, all interconnected. All the caves are sink hole systems, fed by sink holes at the ground surface, and 3 of them exceed 100 metres in depth; in all the caves the detailed disposition and form of the passages can be seen clearly to have followed marked lines of natural weakness in the rocks. St Cuthbert's Swallet was formed by the erosive action of water flowing beneath the water-table at considerable depth (so called "phreatic development").
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Evidence of fluvial activity was observed early on in the mission at the Shaler outcrop (first observed on Sol 120, investigated extensively between Sols 309-324). Observations made by the rover Curiosity at the Pahrump Hills strongly support the lake hypothesis: sedimentary facies including sub mm- scale horizontally-laminated mudstones, with interbedded fluvial crossbeds are representative of sediments which accumulate in lakes, or on the margins of lakes which grow and contract in response to lake-level. These lake-bed mudstones are referred to as the Murray Formation, and form a significant amount of the Mount Sharp group. The Siccar Point group (named after the famous unconformity at Siccar Point) overlies the Mount Sharp group, and the two units are separated by a major unconformity which dips toward the North.
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The current Sayes Court Park (as of 2010) only incorporates the western edge of John Evelyn's Garden, and most of it overlies the area originally shown on Evelyn's map of 1653 as the 'Broome Field'. The boundary wall of Evelyn's garden follows a line extended from the eastern edge of the modern Sayes Court Street.Google Earth .kmz file overlaying Evelyn's map of 1653 with the modern street map. The site of Sayes Court forms part of Convoys Wharf, which is currently owned by Hutchison Whampoa Limited and subject to a planning application to convert it into approximately 3,500 residential units, and 73,000 sq metres of commercial spaceHardHat Communications Convoys Wharf Site Brought Back to Life, November 2009Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners "Convoys Wharf Conception" although part of this has safeguarded wharf status.
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Radar topography reveals the ring of the crater; clustered around the crater's trough are numerous sinkholes, suggesting a prehistoric oceanic basin in the depression left by the impact (Image courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech). Although cenotes are found widely throughout much of the Yucatán Peninsula, a higher-density circular alignment of cenotes overlies the measured rim of the Chicxulub crater. This crater structure, identified from the alignment of cenotes, but also subsequently mapped using geophysical methods (including gravity mapping) and also drilled into with core recovery, has been dated to the boundary between the Cretaceous and Paleogene geologic periods, 66 million years ago. This meteorite impact at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary is therefore associated with the mass extinction of the dinosaurs and is also known as the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.
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The Ordovician Kittatinny Formation or Kittatinny Limestone is a dolomitic limestone formation in New Jersey. The Kittatinny Limestones are located primarily in the Kittatinny Valley where it lies above the Ordovician Martinsburg Formation within the long valley running from Picatinny Arsenal in Rockaway Township, southwest toward Chester Township. It overlies the Cambrian Hardyston Quartzite. The Kittatinny is now usually considered a Supergroup, rather than a Formation, as it includes several other Groups and Formations. Drake and Lyttle made this revision in 1980.Drake, A.A., Jr., and Lyttle, P.T., 1980, Alleghanian thrust faults in the Kittatinny Valley, New Jersey, IN Manspeizer, Warren, ed., Field studies of New Jersey geology and guide to field trips: New York State Geological Association Guidebook, 52nd Annual Meeting, Newark, NJ, no. 52, p. 92-114.
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Historically the term "Clinton" has also been assigned to several lower Silurian stratigraphic units in Ohio and Kentucky which are now known to be significantly older than the Clinton Group as it was originally defined. Many parts of this succession are richly fossiliferous, making the Clinton Group an important record of marine life during the early Silurian. Several economically valuable rock-types are found within this interval, though it is perhaps best known as a significant source of iron ore Stratigraphically, the Clinton Group overlies the coarse siliciclastics of the Medina Group in New York, The Albion Group in the Subsurface of Ohio, the Clinch Sandstone in Virginia and West Virginia, and the Tuscarora Sandstone in Pennsylvania. It is overlain by the shales and carbonates of the Lockport Group in New York, the McKenzie Formation in Pennsylvania, and the Sneedville Limestone in Tennessee.
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This symphony was a commission from the city of Turku to celebrate its 750th anniversary. Lasting 22 minutes, and in less sombre mode than its predecessors, it was first played by the Turku City Symphony Orchestra conducted by Pertti Pekkanen in August 1979. The UK première was given by the Hallé Orchestra conducted by Okko Kamu in the Free Trade Hall in October 1980. Composed shortly after his Dies Irae for voices and orchestra (1978) which was influenced by thoughts of nuclear devastation, the symphony maintains a sense of fear: a striking opening march interweaves with quiet, bleak passages, while the sound of bells overlies the last movement. Especially in the first movement of this symphony Sallinen begins to develop a ‘mosaic technique’, which he would make a central part of his approach to the fifth symphony.
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One of the galleries in the King Richard III Visitor Centre in Leicester After the discovery, Leicester City Council set up a temporary exhibition about Richard III in the city's medieval guildhall. The council announced it would create a permanent attraction and subsequently spent £850,000 to buy the freehold of St Martin's Place, formerly part of Leicester Grammar School, in Peacock Lane, across the road from the cathedral. The site adjoins the car park where the body was found, and overlies the chancel of Greyfriars Friary Church. It was converted into the £4.5 million King Richard III Visitor Centre, telling the story of Richard's life, death, burial and rediscovery, with artefacts from the dig including Philippa Langley's Wellington boots and the hard hat and high-visibility jacket worn by archaeologist Mathew Morris on the day he found Richard's skeleton.
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The jugular notch may be divided into two by a bony spicule, the intrajugular process, which projects lateralward above the hypoglossal canal. The under surface of the jugular process is rough, and gives attachment to the Rectus capitis lateralis muscle and the lateral atlanto-occipital ligament; from this surface an eminence, the paramastoid process, sometimes projects downward, and may be of sufficient length to reach, and articulate with, the transverse process of the atlas. Laterally the jugular process presents a rough quadrilateral or triangular area which is joined to the jugular surface of the temporal bone by a plate of cartilage; after the age of twenty-five this plate tends to ossify. The upper surface of the lateral part presents an oval eminence, the jugular tubercle, which overlies the hypoglossal canal and is sometimes crossed by an oblique groove for the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves.
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The Kam Group is a 0.3–6 kilometre thick sequence that overlies banded iron formations of the Central Slave Cover Group. The contact between these two groups is not well preserved due to the intrusion of gabbro sills and moderate shearing. The Kam group is separated into a lower and upper group based on the existence of a thin felsic volcaniclastic layer (Ranney Chert) dated at 2722 Ma. The lower Kam group consists of the Chan Formation which contains flows of pillowed basalts intruded by a series of gabbroic sills and dikes that were produced in an extensional back-arc basin setting. Sedimentary rocks exposed in the northern part of the formation are between 2.84 and 2.80 Ga. The Upper Kam Group contains three formations deposited between 2772 and 2701 Ma. It is composed mainly of intermediate and basaltic volcanic rocks with thin intercalated rhyolite tuff layers and minor komatiite flows.
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The Shales With Beef Member is around 28–30 metres thick in the Lyme Regis- Charmouth region and predominantly consists of thinly bedded medium to dark grey mudstone, blocky calcareous pale-weathering mudstone and brown grey organic rich mudstones with frequent interbeds of fibrous calcite ("beef"), that are usually less than 10 centimetres thick. Several beds of nodular and tabular limestone are also present. It is the lowest unit of the formation and directly overlies the Blue Lias Formation, with the boundary being marked by a prominent bioturbated horizon. Notable persistent marker beds within the member include the laminated calcareous siltstone "Fish Bed", "Table Ledge", which consists of lens beds of limestones with mud content with nests of rhynchonellid brachiopods, the Devonshire Head and the Spittles limestones and the Birchi Nodules (which are septarian concretions) The upper boundary with the Black Ven Marl Member is marked by the prominent laterally persistent limestone Birchi Tabular Bed.
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Agira stands on the site of the ancient Sicel cityThe Princeton Encyclopædia of Classical Sites asserts only that Agira is "a city of ancient but uncertain origins". of Agyrion ( - Agyrion), or Agyrium, and Agyrina (),Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica,§ A23.19 which was ruled by tyrants, one of whom, Agyris, was the most powerful ruler in the centre of Sicily. He was a contemporary of Dionysius the Elder, and with him successfully resisted the Carthaginian forces led by Mago when they invaded the territory of Agyrium in 392 BC. Agira was not colonised by the Greeks until the Corinthian general Timoleon drove out the last tyrant in 339 BC, settled 10,000 Greeks, according to Diodorus Siculus, a native of the city, and erected various splendid buildings; no traces remain, as the modern city overlies the ancient one. Diodorus Siculus credits Heracles with the foundation of sacred precincts of Iolaus and of Geryon, and the creation of a nearby lake.
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The depositional environment of the Cuche Formation has been analysed to be a low-energy tidal-dominated deltaic setting, with frequent marine incursions into continental and lagoonal areas marked by the presence of both the flora and the many fish species found in the formation The Cuche Formation in some places discordantly and in other areas transitionally defined by colour changes,Rodríguez & Solano, 2000, p.58Mojica & Villarroel, 1984, p.67 overlies the Floresta Formation in Boyacá and the Mogotes Formation in Santander,Rodríguez Gutiérrez, 2017, p.75 and is, by an angular unconformity up to 60 degrees,Mojica & Villarroel, 1984, p.68 overlain by the Upper Jurassic Girón,Rodríguez & Solano, 2000, p.41 and Early Cretaceous Tibasosa Formations.Mojica & Villarroel, 1984, p.65 The angular unconformity between the Paleozoic and Mesozoic is exposed along the road between Duitama and Sogamoso, and is the location where the first flora fossils were found in 1978.
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The Edmonton Group is disconformably overlain by the Paskapoo Formation and conformably overlies the Bearpaw Formation or, where the Bearpaw is absent, the Belly River Formation. The Edmonton Group grades into the sequence of the Blood Reserve Formation, St. Mary River Formation and Willow Creek Formation in the southern Alberta plains; into the upper part of the Wapiti Group in the northern Alberta and northeastern British Columbia; and into the upper part of the Brazeau Formation and the Coalspur Formation in the foothills of the Canadian Rockies. It is equivalent to, but not contiguous with, the Eastend Formation, Whitemud Formation, Battle Formation and Frenchman Formation in the Cypress Hills of southeastern Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan; and with the Fox Hills Formation in Saskatchewan. Formations that are stratigraphically equivalent in the western United States are the Horsethief Formation in Montana; the Fox Hills Formation and Lace Formation in Montana; and the Lennup Formation and Muteetse Formation in Wyoming.
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The Potomac Basin is located entirely on the North American Plate The Nanjemoy Formation belongs to two geologic groups; the Wilcox Group of the Gulf of Mexico Basin in the southernmost surface expression of the formation and the Pamunkey Group in the northern and central portions from Maryland in the north through Virginia and the Carolinas. Both geologic groups have been dated to the early Paleogene; the Paleocene and Eocene periods, or in the commonly used NALMA classification; Wasatchian, defined by the age-equivalent Wasatch Formation of Wyoming. The third-oldest unit in the Pamunkey Group is the Nanjemoy Formation that overlies the Marlboro Clay and is partly overlain by the Piney Point Formation and in many areas covered by the Miocene Calvert Formation, separated by an unconformity representing about 34 Ma. The upper surface reaches an elevation of about and is overlain in most places by the Calvert Formation (Tc). The unit is present only in the southeastern part of the map area of Washington D.C., and it reaches a maximum thickness of about .
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In 1787 James Hutton noted what is now known as Hutton's Unconformity at Inchbonny, Jedburgh, and in early 1788 he set off with John Playfair to the Berwickshire coast and found more examples of this sequence in the valleys of the Tower and Pease Burns near Cockburnspath. They then took a boat trip from Dunglass Burn east along the coast with the geologist Sir James Hall of Dunglass and at Siccar Point found what Hutton called "a beautiful picture of this junction washed bare by the sea", where 345-million-year-old Old Red Sandstone overlies 425-million-year-old Silurian greywacke. In the early 19th century, the paleontology of the formation was studied intensively by Hugh Miller, Henry Thomas De la Beche, Roderick Murchison, and Adam Sedgwick—Sedgwick's interpretation was the one that placed it in the Devonian: he coined the name of that period. The term 'Old Red Sandstone' was originally used in 1821 by Scottish naturalist and mineralogist Robert Jameson to refer to the red rocks which underlay the 'Mountain Limestone' i.e.
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