Lumber Liquidators stopped selling laminates sourced from China in May 2015.
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Additionally, Swank owns Watson Laminates, a skateboard manufacturer based in San Diego.
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The probe was unrelated to the issue of its laminates posing a cancer risk.
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Some of the laminates were tastefully small; some were as big as a laptop.
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For those whose laminates let them near enough, every aspect of the race is transparent.
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In lieu of papered wallboard found inside traditional RVs, the Horizon features padded vinyl textured laminates.
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Like Petraroli and Di Caprio's Milan apartment, the canteen also incorporates arches, powder-coated metal and laminates.
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Teams of men were hauling heavy beams and laminates of steel in to prop up the weakened structure.
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Each wall in this shield is made from "fiber metal laminates," which basically consist of several thing metal layers bonded together.
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Officials at Hanita Coatings, which produces polyester films and laminates for industrial and commercial applications, could not be reached for comment.
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As I approached the Speedway, however, more and more of the pedestrians wore laminates, sometimes bundles of them, hanging from lanyards.
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Kelley uses premium woods and laminates (no cheap Home Depot stuff here) and finishes them with gloss or matte stains and paints.
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Kelley uses premium woods and laminates (no cheap Home Depot stuff here) and finishes them with gloss or matte stains and paints.
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"We do a terrible job of recycling laminates, composites and even electronics," says Scott Phillips, a polymer chemist at Boise State University.
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Eat I know a guy — he collects unemployment even though he's employed — who just had his teeth veneered bright white, with ceramic laminates.
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It doesn't make fabrics but is an intermediary, treating them with chemicals and laminates, giving them special finishes and properties like fire resistance.
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The company's last COO was Robert Lynch, who became chief executive in 2012 but resigned last May following the scandal related to its laminates.
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The other was a bonding technique, which had been used for fillings; he applied it to dental imperfections using layers of laminates and veneers.
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Lumber Liquidators' last COO was Robert Lynch, who became chief executive in 2012 but resigned last May following the scandal related to its China laminates.
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Divorced from the watery, breezy world outside, each venue offered variations of faux wood-grain laminates; dark, patterned carpets; brass railings and flamboyant light fixtures.
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Sottsass's apostasy culminated in the exuberant wildness of his Memphis furniture, with its angled forms, Fiestaware hues, enlarged faux-wood grains and startling modern laminates.
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Lumber Liquidators incurred nearly $29 million in legal expenses and on a fall in the carrying value of the unsold laminates it had sourced from China.
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His Superbox, for example, designed in 1966, was an outhouse-proportioned wardrobe with a surface of plastic laminates of the buyer's choice — had it been produced.
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The company also said the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) would stop monitoring Lumber Liquidators' distribution of test kits to customers who bought its Chinese laminates.
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The company's stock and sales have been hammered since a "60 Minutes" report on CBS last March said the retailer's laminates from China contained excessive levels of formaldehyde.
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The CPSC last year prohibited the company from selling its inventory of laminates sourced from China, which resulted in about 22 million board feet of flooring remaining unsold.
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KKR bought KCFT, which makes copper foils and flexible copper clad laminates used in lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicle applications, from its Asian Fund III in 2017.
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The company's' shares and sales have been in a tailspin since March last year when CBS "60 Minutes" reported the retailer's laminates from China contained excessive levels of formaldehyde.
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Lumber Liquidators' costs jumped due to higher legal expenses and a fall in the carrying value of the laminates it sourced from China, which it decided not to sell.
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Lumber Liquidators' stock and sales have been hammered since a "60 Minutes" report on CBS last March said the retailer's laminates from China contained excessive levels of cancer-causing formaldehyde.
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Lumber Liquidators' sales and shares were hammered after the CBS program "60 Minutes" reported in March last year that the laminates from China contained excessive levels of cancer-causing formaldehyde.
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But excepting architecture, this is a fairly complete Sottsass sampler: furniture, decorative objects, textiles, office machinery and jewelry and, of course, the idiosyncratic laminates so important to the indelible Memphis look.
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Several other stocks have been Tarkio holdings since that first year, including Cognex, which makes machine-vision products like bar code readers, and the Rogers Corporation, which makes laminates and other engineered materials.
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Lagwagon, who I'm sure you know, would do a barbeque and started passing out laminates that said "Lagwagon Barbeque" and only if you had "Lagwagon Barbeque" could you come and get barbeque from Lagwagon.
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Presley, former CEO of First Capital Bancorp Inc, took the helm at Lumber Liquidators five months after Robert Lynch resigned following a report that the company sourced flooring laminates with harmful levels of a known carcinogen.
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From tile to counter tops, laminates to lighting, all the fancy finishings — about 450 of them, worth approximately $10 billion a year in expenditures nationwide — are on the list that just went from 10% tariffs to 25%.
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They host Target, a big retailer; General Mills, a food maker; Best Buy, another retailer and 3M, a maker of adhesives and laminates The University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, is one of America's public Ivy League universities.
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Lumber Liquidators on Monday reported a bigger-than-expected drop in sales for the third straight quarter as it struggles to revive demand following a report that some of its flooring laminates contained excessive levels of cancer-causing formaldehyde.
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However, the company's woes are far from over as a revised report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) showed the company's China-sourced laminates were three times more likely to cause cancer than it had initially reported.
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Designed for Oeuffice, another company he co-founded, the box was made by a Lebanese craftsman who specializes in wood inlay, but brings to mind the graphic plastic laminates of the Memphis designer Ettore Sottsass, who lived nearby most of his life.
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Wilsonart, whose products include laminates and other surfacing materials used in furniture and office space, has earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) of around $275 million and the company could fetch more than 10 times that amount, one of the people said.
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The team at Manchester say they used physical confinement to control the interlayer spacing within graphene laminates immersed in water — enabling them to achieve what they describe as "accurate and tunable ion sieving", and to provide a sieve size smaller than the diameters of hydrated ions.
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During the 1990s, wood pulp derivatives treated with phenolic resin (plastic laminates and solid grade laminates) for chemical resistance and flame spread retardance started to become widely accepted.
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In addition, the PV laminates have increased tolerance to higher temperatures, shadows, and soiling.alt= The PV laminates are adhered to standing seam metal roof panels which are then attached to ground-mounted metal racks at 20 degree angles. The PV laminates are electrically wired in series so that there are twelve 128 Watt PV laminates per string and the overall system has 400 strings, composed of 4,800 PV laminates, for a total of 614 kW DC. The DC power output from the PV laminates is fed into combiner boxes and then two grid-tied inverters, one at 225 kW and the other at 300 kW. The inverter output is fed into three-phase isolation transformers.
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Warnke makes propellers for engines up to from maple laminates.
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PEN laminates are an economical alternative for higher performance sail.
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Micarta industrial laminates are manufactured in dozens of commercial grades.
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Maica Laminates products have received various certifications related to the high-pressure laminates and compact laminates products and industry. These include the European Standard EN438Product certificates can be seen in the company's official website and Maica Australia's website: and some other certifications for anti-bacteria, anti-fungi, termite resistance, and chemical resistance. Since 2008, Maica has obtained two "green" certificates for its laminates products, the Singapore Green Label certificate which is one of the recognised Ecolabel under the Global Ecolabelling Network, and GREENGUARD.
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Maica products consist of High Pressure Laminates and Compact laminates. Under these two categories, high pressure decorative laminates may also be custom-print products that do not conform to the standard designs, which is especially catered to interior designers and architects inspiring to have customised designs in their works. There are also chemical grade products which are commonly used in laboratories.
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The company manufactures flexible laminates, films, specialized pouches, cartons, tube laminates, labels, shrink sleeves, rotogravure cylinders, packaging machinery etc. It caters to customers across sectors ranging from food and beverages, personal care to pharmaceuticals, industrial products etc.
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It uses Uni-Solar BIPV laminates designed to withstand foot traffic and marine conditions.
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OMNOVA's laminate portfolio includes realistic woodgrains, faux marbles and granites, contemporary patterns and solids, available in a variety of textures, colors, and surface decorative and protective finishes in a range of constructions from cost-effective Paper Laminates to high- performance 3D (thermofoil) Laminates. OMNOVA's laminates are used to fabricate retail fixtures and displays, casework for hospitality and food service; kitchen and bath cabinetry; residential and commercial furniture; recreational vehicle and manufactured housing interiors; and luxury vinyl tile flooring.
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The popularity of large format printing using inkjet printers have given a cheaper alternative to decorative laminates, minus the quality. For most uninformed consumers, the large format printing are similar to laminates, and seem to offer more variety of designs and applications. For example, large format prints can be printed on wall stickers, and then installed on walls. Unlike decorative laminates, there are no special adhesive to be used, and the price may sometimes seem so much cheaper comparatively.
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Nickel-aluminium laminates can be used as electrically initiated pyrotechnic initiators. NanoFoil is such material, commercially available.
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P2SI 900HT Tech Sheet. proofresearchacd.com Molded polyimide parts and laminates have very good heat resistance. Normal operating temperatures for such parts and laminates range from cryogenic to those exceeding . Polyimides are also inherently resistant to flame combustion and do not usually need to be mixed with flame retardants.
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After a 1984 management buyout from American Cyanamid, Formica diversified with products such as solid surfacing, metal laminates and flooring materials.
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Nor is true parchment considered paper; used principally for writing, parchment is heavily prepared animal skin that predates paper and possibly papyrus. In the twentieth century with the advent of plastic manufacture some plastic "paper" was introduced, as well as paper-plastic laminates, paper-metal laminates, and papers infused or coated with different products that give them special properties.
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Films are thin sheet material extruded from synthetic polymers and are typically used along with woven cloth in a laminate (see laminates below).
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Wilsonart is a global manufacturer and distributor of High Pressure Laminates and other engineered composite materials, used in furniture, office and retail space, countertops, worktops and other applications. Headquartered in Temple, Texas, Wilsonart was founded by Ralph Wilson Sr. in 1956. The company sells decorative laminates and other engineered surfaces under the Wilsonart brand and international brands Arborite, Polyrey, and Resopal.
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Maica Laminates Sdn Bhd is the first high-pressure laminate (HPL) manufacturer in Malaysia. It is one of the earliest local-foreign joint venture manufacturing company in Penang.Malaysia Aica Berhad corporate profile, printed and distributed in the 1980s. Malaysia Aica Berhad is a public listed company in Malaysia (Stock Code: MYAS), and Maica Laminates Sdn Bhd was formerly one of its substitute companies.
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The company makes wooden two and three-bladed propellers from maple laminates, with rain-proof leading edges and fiberglass tips, for engines up to .
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The inner layers are made of less expensive peeled veneers. The top layers can be selected from peeled veneers, fine wood sliced veneers or laminates.
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In later years this manufacturing method included the use of fiberglass fabric and other resin types were also used. Today Micarta high-pressure industrial laminates are produced with a wide variety of resins and fibers. The term has been used generically for most resin impregnated fiber compounds. Common uses of modern high-pressure laminates are as electrical insulators, printed circuit board substrates, and knife handles.
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Lee also set up a copper-clad laminate factory in Dongguan for Meadville. Simultaneously, Lee and his ex-colleagues from Ampex set up a trading firm that sold copper foils to manufacturers PCBs and cooper- clad laminates. In 1991, he cooperated with a Japanese buyer and set up Jada Electronics Limited, focusing on selling cooper-clad laminates and copper foils, in which partnership had continued until today.
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The PV laminates were manufactured using a roll-to-roll vapor deposition process that used less than 1/300th the amount of silicon material normally used in standard crystalline silicon solar cells. There were three semiconductor layers deposited onto a 5-mil thick sheet of stanless steel. The PV laminates are capable of capturing a greater percentage of incident light, which provides higher efficiencies and higher energy outputs, especially at lower irradiation levels and at low light. In order to maintain the series circuit when the PV laminates are shaded or covered by dirt or dust, bypass diodes are installed across each solar PV cell.
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The company built fixed-pitch and ground-adjustable propellers with two to five blades for 2si, Rotax and Zenoah engines up to from wooden laminates and composites.
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The company was established as "Mittal Laminates Private Limited" on 28 November 1990. It became a Mittal Laminates Limited in 1994, and finally Greenply Industries Limited in 1996. Its first manufacturing plant was established in 1993 at Behror, Rajasthan, followed by one at Pantnagar, Uttarakhand in 2006. Prior to which a manufacturing unit of erstwhile Greenply Industries Limited at Tizit, Nagaland was taken over, along with the company itself in 1995.
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In 1954 Permali Limited purchased Hordern-Richmond Limited, both companies were manufacturers of densified wood laminates and Bakelized products, Permali under the trade names "Permali" and "Dialam." Hordern-Richmond were manufacturers of "Hydulignum" wood laminates and other products.Flight, 10 September 1954 In 1956 a new Permali factory at Gloucester was opened. This factory brought together the various manufacturing processes within the Permali group, which includes Hordern-Richmond, Ltd.
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Multilayer laminates have a structure similar to nacre, which provides mechanical strength at water free conditions. Helium cannot pass through the membranes in humidity free conditions, but penetrates easily when exposed to humidity, whereas water vapor passes with no resistance. Dry laminates are vacuum-tight, but immersed in water, they act as molecular sieves, blocking some solutes. A third project produced graphene sheets with subnanoscale (0.40 ± 0.24 nm) pores.
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As of August 2013 there is now a new Gull available. The Mark 6 Gull has been redesigned and modernized and is now available from the builders, Hartley Laminates UK.
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Cosmetic dentistry may involve: # the addition of a dental material to teeth or gums – examples: bonding, porcelain veneers (laminates), crowns (caps), gum grafts # the removal of tooth structure or gums – examples: enameloplasty, gingivectomy # neither adding nor removing dental materials, tooth structure, or gums – examples: teeth whitening (bleaching), laser whitening, gum depigmentation # straightening of teeth accompanied by improvement in appearance of face – orthodontics # veneers, dental laminates - conservative # scaling Teeth reshaping (sculpting) and bonding performed in one office visit.
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The list of tests applicable to decorative laminates will never be exhaustive. As the technology improves, there will be many more tests to ensure the safety of the products upon use by the end consumer, for example perhaps the tests on transfer of surface substance to food materials if prepared on the decorative laminates as a kitchen surface. The core tests will then also branch out based on the specific requirements and standards adopted by different countries.
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This is from Design magazine in 1965: "Arborite decorative laminates only appeared in Britain in 1960, but already they have radically effected the decorative laminates scene here. The company established its name with its woodgrains and marbles, and has recently launched the most comprehensive plain colour range on the British market, as well as issuing an architectural manual." Then, in 1963, came one of the most pivotal changes in the history of the company. Howard Smith Paper Mills Ltd.
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Dyneema Composite Fabric is a laminated fabric constructed from Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber monofilaments and polyester, PVF, etc. films. Cuben fiber is sometimes confused with carbon fiber, one of the many fibers used as a reinforcement in some Cuben Fiber laminates. Cubic Tech Corporation's ultra-high performance flexible laminates were re-branded from Cuben Fiber to CTF3 in 2009. Cubic Tech Corp produces CTF3 with a wide variety of fibers such as Vectran, Carbon, Kevlar, etc.
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H.. Königswinter. 2005. Unfortunately, the production methods left the epoxy laminates prone to shrinkage which drastically affected performance due to the sensitive aerodynamics of the aerofoil sections used. The SZD-41A Jantar Standard was built primarily of Fibreglass-Epoxy resin composite with local strengthening from welded steel tube in the fuselage centre-section, foam ribs in the wings and plywood at equipment mounting points. The skin was composed of fibreglass laminates laid up in moulds to attain accurate profiles.
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The Micarta trademark is a registered trademark of Industrial Laminates / Norplex, Inc. (dba Norplex- Micarta). But as for many trademarks, it's often used generically, also for similar products from other producers or homemade.
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The design was built in the United States by Glass Laminates. The company was later known as Columbia Yachts. A total of 1,125 of all three models were built between 1962 and 1968.
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Wood, foam, or other core material may then be added, and a secondary spray-up layer embeds the core between the laminates. The part is then cured, cooled, and removed from the mould.
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Heated laminators use heated rollers or heated shoes to melt the glue which is applied to lamination film. The process of heating the glue prior to applying the film to a substrate allows for a faster application of the film. The laminates and adhesives used are generally cheaper to manufacture than cold roll laminates, often as much as half the cost depending on the comparison made. As the materials are non-adhesive until exposed to heat, they are much easier to handle.
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Exploratory Research on Novel Ambient Temperature Curing Techniques for Adhesives, Sealants and Laminates: Final Report. National Technical Information Service, 1979. Contributors: New York University. Dept. of Applied Science, United States Naval Air Systems Command.
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The glue is solid at room temperature, so lamination of this type is less likely to shift or warp after its application than pressure activated laminates, which rely on a highly viscous, adhesive fluid.
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Carpet plots have common applications within areas such as material science for showing elastic modulus in laminates, and within aeronautics. Another plot sometimes referred to as a carpet plot is the temporal raster plot.
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OMNOVA produces a variety of products within two Business Units - Performance Chemicals and Engineered Surfaces. The Engineered Surfaces business the following divisions: Performance Chemicals, Pool Liner Films, Performance Films, Laminates, viewnique Digital Murals and Upholstery.
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Some aluminium foil products can be recycled at around 5% of the original energy cost, although many aluminium laminates are not recycled due to difficulties in separating the components and low yield of aluminium metal.
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The International Committee of the Decorative Laminates Industry (ICDLI) was founded in 1961 by laminates associations from Belgium, France and Germany. Over the course of the following years associations from Austria, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Spain also joined. Since 1999 the ICDLI has been an association established under Belgian law and has had its official Head Office in Brussels. In 2000 the status of the ICDLI was changed from that of an umbrella association to an association with individual member companies.
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Typically, each layer of the laminate is dyed before laminating, often with alternating colors, which provides a pattern similar to wood grain when cut into shape, and with bright, contrasting colors, the results can be very striking. The disadvantage of laminate stocks is density, with laminates weighing about 4 to 5 ounces (110 to 140 g) more than walnut for a typical stock. While wood laminates have been available for many years on the custom market (and, in subdued form, in some military rifles), in 1987 Rutland Plywood, a maker of wood laminates, convinced Sturm, Ruger, Savage Arms, and U.S. Repeating Arms Company (Winchester) to display some laminate stocks on their rifles in a green, brown and black pattern (often called camo). The response was overwhelming, and that marked the beginning of laminated stocks on production rifles.
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Printed Circuit Board Laminates. Wiley Encyclopedia of Composites. 1–11. the same effect responsible for "popcorning" damage on wet packaging of electronic parts. Careful baking of the substrates may be required to dry them prior to soldering.
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Kingboard Holdings Limited, formerly known as Kingboard Chemical Holdings Limited Change of Company name and stock short names. Company announcement through stock exchange 2018-07-11. Retrieved on 2018-07-18 () is a manufacturer of laminates. Owned by Paul Cheung Kwok Wing's family,Kingboard Chemical Holdings Limited Company Profile the company manufactures and distributes laminates, copper foil, coke, methanol, caustic soda, glass fabric, glass yarn, bleached craft paper, printed circuit boards, chemicals, liquid crystal displays, and magnetic products, as well as investing surplus funds in real estate assets globally.
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This shows a peritidal phase of deposition, and includes algal laminates, oncoid beds, thin soils and other features of a significant quality for research purposes. Above this is a small amount of fluvial deposits of the Drybrook Sandstone.
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Gravure printing is used for long, high-quality print runs such as magazines, mail-order catalogues, packaging and printing onto fabric and wallpaper. It is also used for printing postage stamps and decorative plastic laminates, such as kitchen worktops.
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The gallery is built on 4.9 hectares of land and showcases the use of adhesives and wood laminates as a loadbearing architectural structure and building cladding. The gallery is internally configured as an exposition, banquet, conference and seminar centre for hire.
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More recently, carbon fiber masts have become commonplace in competition Finns. The sails, too, have evolved and are now commonly made of various laminates such as Technora, polyester, and Kevlar. The class rules are overseen by the International Finn Association.
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FR-4 epoxy resin systems typically employ bromine, a halogen, to facilitate flame-resistant properties in FR-4 glass epoxy laminates. Some applications where thermal destruction of the material is a desirable trait will still use G-10 non flame resistant.
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Hugh Welbourne advised on the laminates and under water construction, while Roger Daynes of advised on the design and construction of the "runners" on the bottom of the ice boat. The boat was built by Cris Rossiter in Christchurch, Dorset, UK.
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International Armoring Corporation (IAC) is a designer and manufacturer of armoured cars using light weight synthetic fiber armor laminates. Established in Ogden, Utah, United States on May 6, 1993 International Armoring Corporation uses light weight synthetic armor laminates called Armormax (a material designed and developed by IAC). IAC designs and molds the armor to fit the vehicle rather than modifying the vehicle to fit the armor. IAC has sold 4,000 and 5,000 vehicles annually. All design and material preparation is done in the company’s headquarters in Ogden, Utah and then shipped to its foreign facilities for installation.
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He was a senior research fellow at University of Sheffield, England during 1974–1975. He joined a US-based company Energy Conversion Devices as a senior research scientist in 1982 and later became vice-president, Photovoltaic and Information and worked on different aspects of solar cells. Subsequently, he joined United Solar Ovonic Corporation as executive vice-president and later became president and chairman. Guha led a team of scientists and engineers to manufacture using a roll-to-roll process photovoltaic laminates eighteen feet long and one foot wide, The laminates were lightweight, flexible and easy to install on conventional roofs.
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ASTM ASTM Some labels have protective overcoats, laminates, or tape to cover them after the final print is applied. This is sometimes before application and sometimes after. Labels are often difficult to peel and apply. A label dispenser can speed up this task.
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Plastic bags and other packaging is often formed and sealed by heat sealers. Medical and fluid bags used in the medical, bioengineering and food industries. Fluid bags are made out of a multitude of varying materials such as foils, filter media, thermoplastics and laminates.
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Optimal placement of building elements (e.g. windows, doors, heaters) can play a significant role in insulation by considering the impact of solar radiation on the building and the prevailing breezes. Reflective laminates can help reduce passive solar heat in pole barns, garages, and metal buildings.
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Antibacterial properties are important for decorative laminates because these laminates are used as kitchen tops and counter tops, cabinets and table tops that may be in constant contact with food materials and younger children. Antibacterial properties are there to ensure that bacterial growth is minimal. One of the standards for Anti-Bacterial is the ISO 22196:2007, which is based on the Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS), code Z2801. This is one of the standards most often referred to in the industry with regards to tests on microbial activities (specifically bacteria) and in the JIS Z2801, two bacteria species are used as a standard, namely E. Coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
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Laminate is a material made by bonding layers of material or materials. Laminate, in technical terminology, is referred to as High Pressure Laminate (HPL) or even more accurately as High Pressure Decorative Plastic Laminate since there are also industrial high pressure laminates which are not decorative. The decorative high pressure laminates in our homes and offices, etc. consist of sheets of paper that have been coated or impregnated with two types of resin, stacked on top of each other and placed into a press where they are cooked at a minimum of 265 degrees F. at a pressure of approximately 1,200 pounds per square inch (psi) for about an hour.
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This success led to more and more classes changing their rules to allow fibreglass construction. Today, the class is still a popular choice, particularly for 'club' racers and training schools. The design has been updated by Phil Morrison and has most recently been built by Hartley Laminates.
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The starting material is water-dispersed graphene oxide flakes. The aqueous dispersion is vacuum filtrated to produce free standing foils. The thickness of these foils is typically in the range of 0.1-50 micrometers. Depending on application the graphene oxide laminates are named either as papers or as membranes.
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Strands are combined from fibers; these are frequently narrow flat bands or ribbons of high strength material. Scrim is a loose weave or lattice of strands, typically bonded where they cross to maintain the grid pattern. Strands and scrims are used to strengthen or reinforce sailcloth (see laminates below).
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Cartons for liquids can be fabricated from laminates of liquid packaging board, foil, and polyethylene. Most are based on either Tetra Pak or SIG Combibloc systems. One option is to have the printed laminate supplied on a roll. The carton is cut, scored, and formed at the packager.
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The landfill closure system features a green, 60-mil scrim reinforced TPO (thermoplastic polyolefin) geomembrane cover 48 acres in total. A one-megawatt photovoltaic solar panel array is located on the southwest and southeast slopes of the landfill in an area approximately ten acres. The one- megawatt solar array features over 7,000 flexible solar laminates, composed of 36 laminates bonded one at a time to 12' wide by 120' long panels. Each photovoltaic roll was rated at 5,184 Wp DC. The closure system meets infiltration and erosion criteria as prescribed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, while also capturing the methane gas that is generated by the landfill, turning it into energy in a separate operation.
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In 1983, Perstorp, a Sweden-based chemical company, purchased Pierce. Perstorp was a manufacturer of chemicals, resins, plastics, and laminates. In 1985, researchers at Pierce Chemical Company, led by Paul K. Smith, published a method detailing the use of bicinchoninic acid (BCA) as a protein quantitation reagent.Smith, P.K., et al. 1985.
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Margaret Dye, Dinghy Cruising: the enjoyment of wandering afloat, 3rd ed. (2006), pages 172-174. The Spirit's interior was in many respects cloned from the larger Wanderer sailing dinghy (another Ian Proctor design). It was later followed by the Gull Calypso, a simplified design by Hartley Laminates with no wooden parts.
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Terahertz spectroscopy approach of the fiber orientation influence on CFRP composite solid laminates. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 26(7), 2051–2054. doi: 10.1007/s12206-012-0513-5Kawase, K., Shibuya, T., Hayashi, S., & Suizu, K. (2010). THz imaging techniques for nondestructive inspections. Comptes Rendus Physique, 11(7-8), 510–518.
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STR has developed many significant innovations since it first commercialized its products, including encapsulants with dimensional stability, advanced laminates, ultra-fast curing formulations and thermoplastic encapsulants designed specifically for thin- film photovoltaics. The company operates production facilities in five locations – three in the United States, one in Malaysia, and one in Spain.
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Some typical damage cases for composite structures are shown in Figure 2. In monolithic laminates the underlying damage can extend to a much greater extent than the barely visible evidence on its surface. Other type of damage is laminate splitting. Here the damage does not extend through the full length of the part.
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Decorative laminate Roll and sheet of decorative laminate Decorative laminates are laminated products primarily used as furniture surface materials or wall paneling. It can be manufactured as either high- or low-pressure laminate, with the two processes not much different from each other except for the pressure applied in the pressing process.
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Replacing 1-bromopropane with water or acetone-based adhesives is the preferred NIOSH option for controlling occupational exposure, but other options include engineering controls like isolation and ventilation, administrative controls, and PPE that includes respiratory and skin protection. 1-Bromopropane can penetrate most gloves, but not those made of polyvinyl alcohol or laminates.
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Cross-laminates are products that feature layers of material that are laid down at right angles to each other, in order to provide greater strength across a uniform surface. Cross-laminated timber (similar to plywood) is one example. There are also synthetic, flexible films with enhanced properties via mechanical manipulation of the film.
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Park Electrochemical Corp was founded in 1954 by Jerry Shore and Tony Chiesa. In 1957 Park developed epoxy-glass copper-clad laminates for use in making printed circuit boards. During the 1960s and 70s, the company invented a multilayer laminate printed circuit materials system. It also opened two more Nelco materials subsidiaries.
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Typical rates in aluminium foil laminates may be as low as 0.001 g/m²/day, whereas the rate in fabrics can measure up to several thousand g/m²/day. Often, barrier testing is conducted on a sheet of material. Calculations based on that can be useful when designing completed structures, clothing, and packages.
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The aircraft was powered by a two-stroke V4 40-horsepower DePalma engine . The engine was mass-produced by the Ford Motor Company for about $40 each. The fuselage was constructed of wood laminates and papier-mâché, while the wings were made of cardboard. The "Bug" could fly at a speed of .
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The Jora was designed by Oldrich Olsansky who also designed the similar Fantasy Air Allegro. It is built mostly from wood and laminates, covered by polyester fabric. The main exception is the central fuselage section, which has a riveted tube frame. The Jora has separate wings with constant chord and square tips.
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In 1999 she created the "Millennium Collection" of custom-designed laminates for Wilsonart. The collection featured the work of 22 artists, including ceramicist Jonathan Adler, furniture makers Lloyd Schwan and Nick Dine, industrial designer Karim Rasid, and illustrator Mark Todd.13 Jeffers is a listed notable alumni of The Bard Graduate Center.
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Two-dimensional stretching created sheets with greater strength, porosity, and air flow, opening up possibilities for many new applications. By 1971, Gore was experimenting with laminates, combining the stretched membrane with supporting materials for added strength. Based on this work, the company developed a waterproof laminate called expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), now trademarked as Gore-Tex.
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This is thought to indicate that compressive stress from the longitudinal stressing in combination with heat from the sun caused the problem. The bridge was then reinforced, first temporarily using outside pre-stressing bars, and then permanently using carbon fibre laminates in sections with minor fissures, and tie struts in the worst affected sections.
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Lamination paper is a paper used for laminates. Normally on particle or fiberboards giving a good-looking and resistant surface for use as furniture, decoration panels and flooring. Paper laminations are also used in packaging. For example, juiceboxes are fabricated from liquid packaging board which is usually six layers of paper, polyethylene, and aluminum foil.
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Broun 1989 CNC wood routers implement the advantages of Computer Numerical Control (CNC). Related to the router is a smaller, lighter version, designed specifically for trimming laminates. It can be used for smaller general routing work. For example, with an appropriate jig it can be used for recessing door hinges and recessing lock faceplates.
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It sold its Nelco Technology Inc. and acquired Nova Composites, Inc. In 2003, Park and Snecma Propulsion Systems signed an agreement to let Park market SPS’s Raycarb C2 carbonized rayon fabric to manufacturers of rocket motors. In February, 2013, Isola USA Corp and Park settled a patents dispute over Styrene Maleic Anhydride (SMA) in laminates.
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Schneller worked for Owens Corning as a sales manager in the company's fiberglass division. In 1947, he founded the Duracote Company in Ravenna, Ohio, and in 1964 founded John Schneller & Associates, in Kent, Ohio, which later became known as Schneller, Inc. Today, the company is the largest supplier of commercial aircraft interior decorative laminates in the world.
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Aluminium nitrate is a strong oxidizing agent. It is used in tanning leather, antiperspirants, corrosion inhibitors, extraction of uranium, petroleum refining, and as a nitrating agent. The nonahydrate and other hydrated aluminium nitrates have many applications. These salts are used to produce alumina for preparation of insulating papers, in cathode ray tube heating elements, and on transformer core laminates.
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The Monarch first flew in 1974 and was designed to be both a powered self-launching sailplane and also a pure glider, depending on whether an engine was fitted. The glider version is suitable for car-tow or winch-launching. The aircraft is built from fiberglass and epoxy laminates. The wing uses a D-cell leading edge.
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Most carry a UL rating of VTM-0. Polyimide laminates have a flexural strength half life at of 400 hours. Typical polyimide parts are not affected by commonly used solvents and oils – including hydrocarbons, esters, ethers, alcohols and freons. They also resist weak acids but are not recommended for use in environments that contain alkalis or inorganic acids.
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The company sells its steel products to customers in Brazil and 71 other countries in North America, Europe, and Asia through its sales force and distributors. It is considered one of the most productive steel-makers in the world, producing more than 6 million tons of raw steel and more than 5 million tons of laminates per year.
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The keys are wood with conventional plastic laminates for the top and front. The word 'Cembalet' appears in gold facing upward on the left hand end of the music support ledge. The ledge includes a routed recess for the bottom of the music. It has a valve pre-amplifier and a knee lever for volume control.
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The keys are wood with conventional plastic laminates for the top and front. The word 'Cembalet I' appears in gold facing upward on the left hand end of the music support ledge. The ledge includes a routed recess for the bottom of the music. It has a valve pre-amplifier and a knee lever for volume control.
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Paper phenolics are used in manufacturing electrical components such as punch-through boards, in household laminates, and in paper composite panels. Glass phenolics are particularly well suited for use in the high speed bearing market. Phenolic micro-balloons are used for density control. The binding agent in normal (organic) brake pads, brake shoes, and clutch discs are phenolic resin.
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Both metallised PET and PP have replaced foil laminates for products such as snack foods, coffee and candy, which do not require the superior barrier of aluminium foil. Metallised nylon and polyethylene are used in the meat export market. The controlled permeation extends shelf life. Metallised films are used as a susceptor for cooking in microwave ovens.
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Typical uses include long-run magazines in excess of 1 million copies, mail order catalogs, consumer packaging, Sunday newspaper ad inserts, wallpaper and laminates for furniture where quality and consistency are desired. Another application area of gravure printing is in the flexible- packaging sector. A wide range of substrates such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, BOPP, etc. can be printed in the gravure press.
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Richard “Dick” Valdes and Maurice V. Threinen founded Glass Laminates, a fiberglass contract company, in 1958. Among the early products were camper shells and producing canoes for Sears. The company eventually focused its development expertise on sailboats and became Glass Marine Industries (GMI), marketing their boats under the Columbia nameplate. Early models included the Columbia 24 and Columbia 29 (Sparkman & Stephens design).
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After retiring from the NFL, Dillon earned a bachelors degree in accounting and went on to work for Wilsonart, a manufacturer of high- pressure decorative laminates. Dillon would remain with the company for 36 years, eventually becoming president and chief executive. Dillon retired from Wilsonart in 1995. On January 27, 1951, Dillon married Ann Dillon (), whom he would have two children with.
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At that time it was renamed Hunter Boats Limited and by 1975 David Thomas became the main designer. He drew the Hunter Sonata and the Impala 28. In the mid-1970s the company produced many racing sailboats, including the designs of Steven Jones, including the Formula 28. His HB 31 was the first production boat to use kevlar laminates in its hull construction.
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A common anti-fungi standard is the ASTM G21-09. Not all manufacturers will take the initiatives for product R&D; for anti-Fungi attributes. Manufacturers like Maica Laminates send their products for laboratory tests for certification following the ASTM G21-09 standard, while Formica (South America) partners with Microban Protection, which is a company manufacturing additives, including the anti- bacterial additives.
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In 1993, the company was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. In 2004, the Group successfully acquired Elec & Eltek.Kingboard Fogang Specialty Resin Co., Ltd Kingboard Chemical Holdings Ltd. ( "Kingboard Chemical" ) established its first laminates manufacturing plant in 1988. Kingboard Copper Foil Holdings Limited, the Group’s subsidiary, was spun off for a separate listing on The Singapore Stock Exchange in December 1999.
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See, for example, density functional theory, Green–Kubo relations and Green's function. A different set of homogenization methods (evolving from a tradition in treating materials such as conglomerates and laminates) are based upon approximation of an inhomogeneous material by a homogeneous effective mediumAspnes, D.E., "Local-field effects and effective-medium theory: A microscopic perspective", Am. J. Phys. 50, pp. 704–709 (1982).
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Open- and closed-cell metal foam can also be used as core materials. Laminates of glass or carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastics or mainly thermoset polymers (unsaturated polyesters, epoxies...) are widely used as skin materials. Sheet metal is also used as skin material in some cases. The core is bonded to the skins with an adhesive or with metal components by brazing together.
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Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) can be laminated to PVC to obtain very high moisture barrier. Typical constructions used for pharmaceutical products are 250µ PVC film laminated to 15µ-150µ PCTFE film. Duplex structures are PVC/PCTFE and triplex laminates are PVC/PE/PCTFE. Deeper cavities can be formed by using the triplex structures with PE. Typical WVTR values are 0.06–0.40 g/m2/day.
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These incorporate silicate or other materials which conduct excess heat away from the material before it can deform. Outer laminates of this material vaporize easily to expose different coloured material below. Other plastics may be successfully engraved, but orderly experimentation on a sample piece is recommended. Bakelite is said to be easily laser-engraved; some hard engineering plastics work well.
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Window glass absorbs some harmful UV, but valuable artifacts need extra shielding. Many museums place black curtains over watercolour paintings and ancient textiles, for example. Since watercolours can have very low pigment levels, they need extra protection from UV. Various forms of picture framing glass, including acrylics (plexiglass), laminates, and coatings, offer different degrees of UV (and visible light) protection.
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Ashley Laminates was founded in 1955 by Peter Pellandine and Keith Waddington. The name "Ashley" was chosen as it was the name of Peter Pellandine's house in Woodford Green. They designed and built their first car using GRP for the bodyshell. The two set up a small factory in a garage next to the Robin Hood Inn at Loughton, Essex to produce shells.
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Alternative methods to prepare free standing graphene oxide multilayers/laminates is to use repeated drop casting or spin coating. These flakes may be chemically bonded, leading to the development of additional new materials. Like the starting material, graphene oxide paper is an electrical insulator; however, it may be possible to tune this property, making the paper a conductor or semiconductor, without sacrificing its mechanical properties.
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In 2019, trade between both nations totaled US$25 million. Cyprus' main exports to Mexico include: processors; alloy steel products and laminates; wire working machines; filters for lubricants in engines; and optical spectrometers and spectrographs. Mexico's main exports to Cyprus include: malt beer; vehicles; acids and their salts; dish washers; and tequila. Between January 1999 and June 2016, Cypriot companies invested over US$2.8 million in Mexico.
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In 1951, Alvin A. Goldhush, a Long Island dentist, made dental cabinets and created the company Formed Laminates, Inc. in Lindenhurst, N.Y. Goldhush eventually gave up dentistry and devoted his time to the company, now named Raygold Corp. Raygold Corp acquired a wood processing plant in Moorefield, W.V. in 1957. Boise Cascade acquired Raygold and moved the company head office from Long Island to Winchester, Virginia.
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At one time, the company generated an estimated $42.2 million in sales and had about 550 employees. NVF stopped manufacturing Vulcanized Fibre in Yorklyn after a flood in 2003 damaged the equipment. Corporate offices continued to operate until 2009, when they declared bankruptcy and dissolved the company, including the Kennett Square facility which made Industrial Plastic Laminates. At that point, NVF Company ceased to exist.
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Arborite was chosen for kitchen and bathroom surfaces in many of these model homes. 1958 saw the introduction of new lines of pastel Glitter and Metallic Tone laminates, closely followed by Stardust (a random breakup pattern) and Fantasy (abstract mid-century stars). Woodgrain patterns at this time included Sliced Walnut, Fawn English Walnut and Blond Persian Walnut. By 1962, Arborite had branched into the United Kingdom.
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Most of the film applications are via glass, acrylic or polycarbonate laminates, mainly having to do with the voltage (110VAC) required to operate the film. Companies continue to attempt various installation methods in order to use the film by itself without having to add the lamination cost. One of the advantages of smart film is that it eliminates the need for blinds, shades or window treatments.
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Hindustan Organic Chemicals Limited (HOCL) is Government of India owned company based in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It was established in 1960 to indigenise manufacture of basic chemicals and to reduce country’s dependence on import of vital organic chemicals. Its products are Phenol, Acetone, Nitrobenzene, Aniline, Nitrotoluenes, Chlorobenzenes & Nitrochlorobenzenes. Basic Organic Chemicals includes Pesticides, Drugs & Pharmaceuticals, Dyes & Dyestuffs, Plastics, Resins & Laminates, Rubber Chemicals, Paints, Textile Auxiliaries & Explosives.
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The laminates may also have a lining on the back side of laminating kraft to compensate for the tension created by the top side lamination. Cheaper particle boards may have only a lining of laminating kraft to give surface washability and resistance to wear. The decor paper can also be processed under heat and low/high pressure to create a melamine laminated sheet, that has several applications.
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The stairwell and ceilings acted as chimneys for the fire to spread. Although the bulkheads were made of steel structure with asbestos wall boards, a melamine resin laminate was used as a decorative covering and proved extremely flammable in subsequent testing, spreading fire throughout Deck 3. The burning laminates produced toxic hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide gases. The fire then spread to Deck 4 and Deck 5.
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Package sterility and seal integrity are vital for commercially packaged shelf-stable food products. With flexible packaging (plastic films, foils, laminates, etc), the choice of materials and process conditions are an important decision for packaging engineers. All aspects of food production, package filling and sealing must be tightly controlled and meet regulatory requirements. Uniformity, sterility and other requirements are needed to maintain Good Manufacturing Practices.
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In keeping with those times, originally Cunard broke from the traditional interiors of their previous liners for QE2, especially the Art Deco style of the previous Queens. Instead modern materials like plastic laminates, aluminium and Perspex were used. The public rooms featured glass, stainless steel, dark carpeting and sea green leather. Furniture was modular and abstract art was used throughout public rooms and cabins.
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Huhtamaki, headquartered in Espoo, Finland is a global packaging manufacturer and supplier for various applications. Its primary outputs include cartons and containers for foods and other consumer goods, disposable tableware and films and laminates for uses such as adhesives, plasters and labels. It has 71 manufacturing units in 34 countries and a support staff of 15,800 globally. Its net sales in 2015 were approximately €2.7 billion.
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Early Karabiner 98k rifles had solid one-piece stocks. From 1937 onwards the rifles had laminated stocks, the result of trials that had stretched through the 1930s. Plywood laminates are stronger and resisted warping better than the conventional one-piece patterns, did not require lengthy maturing, and were cheaper. The laminated stocks were, due to their dense composite structure, somewhat heavier compared to one-piece stocks.
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Rogers Corporation, a manufacturer of PTFE printed circuit board laminates, refers to Poly-Etch and FluoroEtch etchants in its Fabrication Guidelines, "Bonding PTFE Materials for Microwave Stripline Packages and Other Multilayer Circuits". Poly-Etch is a sodium naphthalene complex in tetraglyme, while Fluoro-Etch is a sodium naphthalide complex in diglyme Matheson, the manufacturer of Poly-Etch, also manufactures a monoglyme-based etchant called Poly-Etch W.
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All materials are Lloyd's Register approved as suitable for use in the marine market. These exclusive C&C; laminate schedules result in hulls and decks which despite significant weight reduction are stronger than the conventional glass laminates of the time. They are not only much lighter, but stiffer and more rigid. Additional unidirectional glass is used in highly stressed areas with aluminum and Coremat® hardware backing.
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In 2005 it was reported that U.S. military researchers were developing a class of transparent armor incorporating aluminum oxynitride (ALON) as the outside "strike plate" layer. Traditional glass/polymer was demonstrated by ALON's manufacturer to require 2.3 times more thickness than ALON's, to guard against a .50 BMG projectile.Surmet's ALON® Transparent Armor 50 Caliber Test ALON is much lighter and performs much better than traditional glass/polymer laminates.
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The company makes two-bladed propellers from maple laminates in diameters up to for engines up to . The company is also the distributor for parts for the discontinued Japanese Zenoah G-25 and G-50 line of aircraft engines. In the early 2000s they also produced their own powered parachute design, the Scout, but the aircraft is now out of production.Cliche, Andre: Ultralight Aircraft Shopper's Guide 8th Edition, page D-12.
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There are two available versions of HyperSizer, Pro and Express. Both HyperSizer Pro and Express can equally analyze and design laminates and sandwich panels, and update the FEM, and report margins. HyperSizer Express (released 2016) delivers key capabilities of HyperSizer Pro in a user-friendly packaged aimed at the composite engineer. While HyperSizer Pro specializes in aerospace and space launch, applications for Express include automotive, sporting goods, medical, industrial, and marine.
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Fällkniven is a Swedish company, but most if not all of its production is done by subcontractors. Early F1 knives made of ATS34 steel were manufactured in Germany by Linder-Solingen. Production has been moved to Seki Japan since Fällkniven replaced ATS34 steel with VG-10 and 3G (SPGS-powder steel) core laminates, in its products. Hattori manufactures all of their fixed blades, and Moki manufactures their folders.
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Greenply Industries Limited (GIL) is India's largest interior infrastructure.Greenply is India's largest interior infrastructure company The company is listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and the Bombay Stock Exchange. It has a net consolidated turnover of ₨ 2044 crores for the financial year 2012–2013. Greenply manufacturers various interior infrastructure products such as plywood, block board, decorative laminates, decorative veneers, medium-density fiberboards (MDF), Laminate flooring and restroom cubicles.
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Laminates are manufactured by curing under pressure and temperature layers of cloth or paper with thermoset resin to form an integral final piece of uniform thickness. The size can be up to in width and length. Varying cloth weaves (threads per inch or cm), cloth thickness, and resin percentage are used to achieve the desired final thickness and dielectric characteristics. Available standard laminate thickness are listed in ANSI/IPC-D-275.
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OMNOVA's Engineered Surfaces business comprises the remaining 25% of the company's sales. Laminates, coated fabrics and films are primarily rolled goods (and occasionally sheets) of vinyl, polyurethane or paper. Superior durability, cleanability, stain and chip resistance, and design flexibility are hallmarks of these products. Additionally, the Engineered Surfaces Business Unit's products include viewnique digital wall murals which can be used to create branded interior for restaurants and retail chains.
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It later became a signature design style in many Czech households. Other exponents of the "Brussels style" applied it to synthetic materials such as plastics, laminates and Formica. The success of Elka inspired Ježek to create similar extravagant sets of porcelain tableware. In 1959 his Ex, Manon and Tria designs were approved for production as luxury giftware, and his simpler Orava and Ciráno porcelain sets for everyday use.
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Micarta is a brand name for composites of linen, canvas, paper, fiberglass, carbon fiber or other fabric in a thermosetting plastic. It was originally used in electrical and decorative applications. Micarta was developed by George Westinghouse at least as early as 1910 using phenolic resins invented by Leo Baekeland. These resins were used to impregnate paper and cotton fabric which were cured under pressure and high temperature to produce laminates.
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Its span wing employs a SM 701 airfoil, has an area of and flaperons with spoilers or optionally ailerons and dive brakes. Flaperon settings are 0°, 5°, 9° and 16°, with the last setting assisted by the spoilers. The wings can be extended to with wing tips for soaring. The main landing gear legs are fabricated from fibreglass laminates and the wheels are equipped with single lever hydraulic brakes.
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RawFaith was built in Addison, Maine, by George McKay and his three sons. Construction took 28 months, spread over four years. The construction was performed using old methods and new technology. This was exemplified in the use of a half hull model ship, steam box, 16th-century lines, and other old shipbuilding techniques, but using power tools and laminates to aid in construction and bring strength to modern standards.
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Tego film is an adhesive sheet, used in the manufacture of waterproof plywood. It is applied dry and cured by heat, which allows for high-quality laminates that are free from internal voids and warping. Tego film plywoods were used in aircraft manufacture in Germany during World War II, and the loss of the plant during a 1943 bombing raid was a serious blow to several aircraft projects.
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According to Stereophile in 2015, the average price of Wilson's product range is $69,325 per pair, in standard colors and finishing, and not considering potential extras. Wilson Audio is known for building highly rigid speaker cabinets. They construct their loudspeaker enclosures from non-wood materials such as phenolic resin composites and epoxy laminates. The cabinets are painted using a high-gloss automotive process in a variety of colors.
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Contact adhesives are used in strong bonds with high shear-resistance like laminates, such as bonding Formica to a wooden counter, and in footwear, as in attaching outsoles to uppers. Natural rubber and polychloroprene (Neoprene) are commonly used contact adhesives. Both of these elastomers undergo strain crystallization. Contact adhesives must be applied to both surfaces and allowed some time to dry before the two surfaces are pushed together.
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His first designs of artistic objects were created under the influence of the history of Czech glass. Using designs for creations of the late 1970s, he started to use optical glass. This material required a different technical approach, which combined traditional techniques of cold grinding with techniques of handling optical glass for technical purposes. In the 1980s he extended this to laminates, inserting blue glass sheets and metal microlayers.
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The wing is fabric-covered and has two integral fuel tanks. The wooden structure, fabric-covered and electrically operated flaps cover 39% of the wing chord and can be lowered to fixed positions of 13°, 29° and 37°. The tail fin is of wood construction and features a NACA 0012 symmetrical airfoil. The main landing gear legs are made from fibreglass laminates and mount wheels with hydraulically operated toe-brakes.
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The heat of the steam can kill about 99 percent of the bacteria and dust mites. Steam mops can disinfect floors, restore shine, kill dust mites, and remove some stains. Some of the steam mops feature a two-sided, flip mop head that allows you to clean twice as much floor before changing the mop pad. One pad is soft for use on delicate flooring such as hardwood and laminates.
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Phenolic resins are found in myriad industrial products. Phenolic laminates are made by impregnating one or more layers of a base material such as paper, fiberglass, or cotton with phenolic resin and laminating the resin-saturated base material under heat and pressure. The resin fully polymerizes (cures) during this process forming the thermoset polymer matrix. The base material choice depends on the intended application of the finished product.
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A wooden coaster has a track consisting of thin laminates of wood stacked together, with a flat steel rail fixed to the top laminate. Steel coasters use tubular steel, I beam, or box section running rails. The supporting structure of both types may be steel or wood. Traditionally, steel coasters employed inversions to thrill riders, whereas wooden coasters relied on steep drops and sharp changes in direction to deliver their thrills.
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G-10 is a high-pressure fiberglass laminate, a type of composite material. It is created by stacking multiple layers of glass cloth, soaked in epoxy resin, and by compressing the resulting material under heat until the epoxy cures. It is manufactured in flat sheets, most often a few millimeters thick. G-10 is very similar to Micarta and carbon fiber laminates, except that glass cloth is used as filler material.
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Griffon continued its strong growth from the mid-1990s through the mid-2000s. Sales surpassed the $1 billion mark in 1999 and $1.5 billion mark in 2006. Clopay Plastics formed a joint venture named Finotech with German-based Corovin GmbH to manufacture specialty plastic films and laminates in Europe in 1996, taking a 60 percent stake in the new company. Finotech provided Clopay Plastics with a platform for further international expansion.
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In a dynamic loudspeaker, a diaphragm is the thin, semi-rigid membrane attached to the voice coil, which moves in a magnetic gap, vibrating the diaphragm, and producing sound. It can also be called a cone, though not all speaker diaphragms are cone-shaped. Diaphragms are also found in headphones. Quality midrange and bass drivers are usually made from paper, paper composites and laminates, plastic materials such as polypropylene, or mineral/fiber filled polypropylene.
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Peter Girolami purchased Airlight Industries in 2001 and reopened as Sourcemaker with the goal of creating custom lighting balloons for the film industry. Girolami rented the purchased lighting balloons but experienced difficulties purchasing replacement parts from Airstar because of bad payments. Girolami then began to manufacture his own replacement parts. He researched new materials and laminates to create a softer quality of light that is UV protected to prevent yellowing of the balloon envelopes.
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Elektro Van De Maele is a contractor active in the field of industrial, public and other electrical installations, the electrical part of airconditioning and in the installation, optimisation and automation of stables in the agricultural industry. In 2010, CFE acquires majority shareholding in Terryn, Belgian market leader in bonded laminates. Creation of "be.maintenance". CFE acquires 65% of shares of Brantegem NV. This company is specialized in HVAC (heating, ventilation, air conditioning) and sanitary equipment.
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PPMs utilise a rotating flywheel as a store of kinetic energy which is then used to power the vehicle. A typical PPM flywheel is made from steel laminates, approximately in diameter and in mass, designed to rotate at a maximum speed of 2,500 rpm. The flywheel is mounted horizontally at the centre of the unit, beneath the seating area. The flywheel is driven by an internal combustion engine or an electric motor.
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McGlasson approached Glas Laminates to build a version of his wooden Catalina Islander in fiberglass. The mold was created by using the hull of one of the wooden boats and the resulting fiberglass boats retained the distinctive wooden board imprints from the mold. The Islander 24 features a trunk cabin, but the raised deck Islander 24 Bahama version proved a bigger commercial success and the Islander 24 had a relatively short production run.
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Compared to the birch plywood laminates that are used on AKM's buttstock, lower handguard and upper heatguard. No wood is used in the manufacture of large numbers of AMD-65s. The front handguard area is made of perforated sheet metal and typically has a gray plastic vertical foregrip attached to assist in controlling fully automatic fire from this short weapon. In addition, the vertical foregrip has been canted forward to lessen interference with magazine changes.
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Laminates and composites made from nacreous shell and synthetic materials, described as "fake", "faux", or "shin paua", are sometimes used by luthiers. The channel cut for the inlay of purfling may increase the flexibility of the plates where they join the sides, affecting an instrument's pitch and sustain. In cases of heavy decorative inlay, the effective vibrational area of the sound board may be reduced. Today plastic purfling is commonplace in mass-produced instruments.
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The main stages of the Lay-Up process are the cutting, the lamination and the polymerization. Even if some of the production steps can be automatised, this process is mainly manual (hence often referred to as the Hand Lay-Up process), leading to laminates with high production costs and low production rates with respect to the other techniques. Hence, nowadays, it is mainly suitable for small series productions of 10 to 1000 parts.
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She featured in the Coca-Cola (TVC) featuring Indian cricketer Gautam Gambhir and directed by director Dibakar Banerjee. Her other commercials include Greelam laminates, directed by National award-winning director Ram Madhvani, who praised her for her comic timing in the commercial. She acted in David, directed by Bejoy Nambiar. her first acting role in 3 Indian languages, featuring Neil Mukesh, Chiyaan Vikram, Jiiva, Lara Dutta, Tabu and Naasar, who played her father.
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The hull/fuselage had poplar frames, and longerons made of ash. The plywood-skinned hull had a double-layered bottom, with an external layer of cedar, while the flanks were made from orthogonally arranged laminates of cedar. The fabric-covered wings had spruce longerons and poplar ribs, utilising the low-weight and high-strength characteristics of these woods, and were painted to render them impermeable to water. Twin stabilising floats were mounted at mid-wing.
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Such resins are characteristically durable thermosetting plastic used in high pressure decorative laminates such as Formica, melamine dinnerware, laminate flooring, and dry erase boards. Melamine foam is used as insulation, soundproofing material and in polymeric cleaning products, such as Magic Eraser. Melamine is sometimes illegally added to food products in order to increase the apparent protein content. Ingestion of melamine may lead to reproductive damage, or bladder or kidney stones, and bladder cancer.
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In one large scale application, melamine is combined with formaldehyde and other agents to produce melamine resins. Such resins are characteristically durable thermosetting plastic used in high pressure decorative laminates such as Formica, melamine dinnerware, laminate flooring, and dry erase boards. Melamine foam is used as insulation, soundproofing material and in polymeric cleaning products, such as Magic Eraser. Melamine is one of the major components in Pigment Yellow 150, a colorant in inks and plastics.
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It resisted heat, abrasion and moisture better than phenolic or urea resins and could be used to make more colors; soon after, the Formica Corporation was buying the entire output of melamine from American Cyanamid. During World War II it manufactured "Pregwood" plastic-impregnated wooden aeroplane propellers and bomb parts. Post-war, engineering uses declined, ceasing in 1970 in favor of decorative laminates. The company was headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio, for many years.
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Collaborative work by enthusiasts through online forums and personal websites are mostly developments of these original glider types. In the field of scale model design, there are at present many possibilities for advanced design. Profile gliders encounter a limitation for improvement of flight performance based on their wing types, which are typically curved-plate aerofoils. In addition, fuselages are either balsa- paper or paper laminates, prone to warping or breakage over a very short time.
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The surfaces of veneer cross- plywood and laminated veneer lumber can be designed in many different ways by pressing the top layers of fine wood sliced veneers, such as oak, maple, cherry, ash, walnut and other woods. Further design possibilities offer colored melamine films; decorative films, digital prints and decorative laminates (HPL / CPL) and of course the pickling and painting, either transparent or opaque. Modern water-based paint systems are used for this.
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The AK-47 was originally equipped with a buttstock, handguard and an upper heat guard made from solid wood. With the introduction of the Type 3 receiver the buttstock, lower handguard and upper heatguard were manufactured from birch plywood laminates. Such engineered woods are stronger and resist warping better than the conventional one-piece patterns, do not require lengthy maturing, and are cheaper. The wooden furniture was finished with the Russian amber shellac finishing process.
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Boxes and other containers may be laminated using heat seal layers, extrusion coatings, pressure sensitive adhesives, UV coating, etc. Lamination is also used in sculpture using wood or resin. An example of an artist who used lamination in his work is the American Floyd Shaman. Laminates can be used to add properties to a surface, usually printed paper, that would not have them otherwise, such as with the use of lamination paper.
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Each combination of fabric and resin has its own optimal polymerization cycles, dependent on fibres wettability and resin properties, like viscosity and gel point. Typically, the three cycles of temperature, pressure and vacuum are experimentally studied to obtain the best combination of the three parameters. Polymerization in the industrial oven is similar but without pressure control. It is less expensive and therefore used for all those laminates which do not need to have very high mechanical properties.
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The 1970s saw a shift in marketing, from the residential market to a more corporate focus. Arborite was advertised as "An excellent choice for architects, designers and furniture manufacturers alike." Over 140 patterns and colors were available at this point, including East Indian Teak and Black Leather, with "new Metallic and Fabric laminates". Many of the 52 solid colors could be seen as epitomizing the decade, from Bitter Lemon and Dusty Olive, to Pale Avocado and Minton Blue.
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As well as selecting fabrics, carpets, paint colours and laminates, Lucienne designed patterns for the bulkheads and window surrounds. As joint design consultants at the John Lewis Partnership from 1962 to 1987, the Days oversaw the introduction of a comprehensive new ‘house style’ affecting every aspect of the company's design, from interiors to stationery and packaging. After being rolled out across JLP's network of department stores, a similar scheme was developed for the expanding network of Waitrose supermarkets.
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'Peter Pellandine founded Ashley Laminates with Keith Waddington. They designed and made fibreglass sports cars bodies under the name “Ashley”. In late 1956 Peter Pellandine split from the partnership up Falcon Shells. It had the rights to the short wheel base Ashley 750, which became the Falcon Mk 1 and the Ashley Sports Racer the Falcon Mk II. Pelladine moved to New Zealand with family in 1957 and setting up a New Zealand branch of Falcon Shells.
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Irwin Elliot Smigel (October 9, 1924 – October 17, 2016) was an American aesthetic dentist, innovator and philanthropist. Smigel founded the American Society for Dental Aesthetics (ASDA), and was President of the ASDA until his death in 2016. Smigel was involved with many major developments in dentistry over the past three decades, including: tooth bonding, laminates, veneers, changing facial structures and teeth whitening. New York University College of Dentistry dubbed him "The Father of Aesthetic Dentistry" in 2000.
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Fiber tension is a critical element in building composite structures. If tension on the strand is too low, the composite laminate structure will have lower mechanical strength and performance. If the tension is too high, the strands may experience fraying of the stands or fuzz buildups. Due to excessive tension, the resin to glass ratio in the laminate may also increase to beyond an acceptable limits resulting in laminates that are unsuitable in applications that transport media and liquids.
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Cubic Tech Corporation has the exclusive rights to develop and sell "Cuben Fiber" laminates for all non-sailing applications. On 13 May 2015, a news release was announced from Heerlen, Netherlands that Cubic Tech Corporation had been bought out by Dyneema, a subsidiary of DSM Dyneema, a subsidiary of DSM, officially known as Koninklijke Dsm Nv. Additional details about the buyout and the future of Cubic Tech Corp were revealed in an online Q&A; with DSM.
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McGlasson approached Glas Laminates to build a version of his wooden Catalina Islander in fiberglass. The mold was created by using the hull of one of the wooden boats and the resulting fiberglass boats retained the distinctive wooden board imprints from the mold. The 1961 Islander 24 features a trunk cabin, but the raised deck Islander 24 Bahama version proved a bigger commercial success and, as a result the Islander 24 had a relatively short production run.
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Early Winters, Ltd. of Seattle, Washington, United States was founded in 1972 by William S. Nicolai, who formed the company after creating a tent called the Omnipotent.Bob Woodward, "Industry Trailblazers: Bill Nicolai, Founder of Early Winters," SNEWS, August 1, 2008, www.snewsnet.com, Copy on file with the W.L. Gore & Associates Archives, Newark, Delaware Early Winters was the first company to create and sell a consumer product made with Gore-Tex laminates produced by W. L. Gore & Associates in Elkton, Maryland.
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Sitka spruce, (used in propellers) and Douglas Fir have also been used in turbine blades. Beyond wood, bamboo-based composites may also be used in both large and small wind turbines due to their low density and carbon sequestration ability—which makes bamboo materials environmentally friendly. Furthermore, relative to wood, bamboo has higher facture toughness, higher strength, lower processing costs and fast growth rate. Ongoing materials developments include bamboo laminates using resins and hybrid bamboo carbon-fiber materials.
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There are number of changes in the layout of the eighth edition. The contents gives a quick look at the scope of fine architectural woodwork. Sections 100 and 200 refer to the raw materials of the trade; which include lumber, wood veneers, overlays like laminates, and the cores to which these products are attached. Sections 300 through 1400 are product sections, each devoted to the details of materials and workmanship for that wide range of work.
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The next day, Johnston oversees a complete security makeover. Rainey is again absent during this period. Improvements may include surveillance equipment, new locks, alarm systems, new doors and windows (often with shatterproof laminates applied to the glass), safes, lock boxes, and thief-deterrent landscaping (such as thorny bushes), along with advice on improving security-conscious habits. Johnston warns the homeowners that he and Rainey will return to test how well they are maintaining their new security system.
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The Lutin 80 is constructed from glassfibre/epoxy laminates. It is a mid wing monoplane with straight tapered, square tipped wings, set with 4° of forward sweep at 40% chord and 2° of dihedral. There are upper surface airbrakes near mid chord, inboard of the ailerons. The Lutin has a pod and boom style fuselage with a low set boom aft of the wings and a conventional sailplane forward section with a long, one piece, starboard hinged canopy over the single reclined seat.
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Figure 2: Typical damage cases of laminates and sandwich structures The most important damage to fibre reinforced composites is the result of impact incidents. Low velocity and high velocity impact can result in significantly different damage patterns for a given composite configuration. In metals the impact energy is dissipated through elastic and plastic deformations and still the structure retains a good margin of structural integrity. In fibre reinforced composite materials however, the damage is usually more extensive than that seen on the surface.
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Arborite is the leading Canadian manufacturer of high-pressure decorative plastic laminates (HPL). Best known as a counter top surfacing material, laminate is a durable decorative veneer applied to cabinetry, furniture, and other horizontal and vertical surfaces. The original Arborite material was developed in 1942 by the Howard Smith Paper Company as an innovative way to utilize waste by-products of the Canadian papermaking industry, and to this day laminate is commonly referred to in Canada by the trade name Arborite.
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Dry (extruded) cat food example Dry food (8–10% moisture) is generally made by extrusion cooking under high heat and pressure. Fat may then be sprayed on the food to increase palatability, and other minor ingredients, such as heat-sensitive vitamins, which would be destroyed in the extrusion process, may be added. Dry food is most often packed in multi-wall paper bags, sometimes with a plastic film layer; similar bag styles with film laminates or coextrusions are also used.
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Glass Laminates built the Islander 24 for designer McGlasson, who had designed it as a fiberglass version of his wooden boat design, the Catalina Islander. The Columbia 24 was created by increasing the freeboard height and adding a new deck and coach house, based upon the design of the Columbia 29. The Islander 24 moulds incorporated a wooden planking look that was from the original wooden boat imprint. The wooden planking effect was not used on the Columbia designs, however.
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The garage has now made way for the pub car park. In late 1956 Pellandine left the company to found Falcon Shells, another specials company. Pellandine took with him the rights and tooling to manufacture the short-wheelbase bodyshell for the Ashley 750 and the Sports Racer which he continued in production as the Falcon Mark 1 and Mark 2 respectively. In 1958, to increase manufacturing space, Ashley Laminates moved to the Potteries in Upshire, whilst retaining the Loughton premises as a showroom.
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This "naming" is referred to again in the Romanian proverb, "Names are not the pledge for things, but the things for names" that appears in the song "Twenty-Two Proverbs". The title track, "Kew. Rhone." is divided into two parts: the first is composed entirely of anagrams of the title, while the second builds up to a palindrome, "Peel's foe, not a set animal, laminates a tone of sleep." "Peel" is C. W. Peale and the "foe" is the mastodon.
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Epoxy systems are used in industrial tooling applications to produce molds, master models, laminates, castings, fixtures, and other industrial production aids. This "plastic tooling" replaces metal, wood and other traditional materials, and generally improves the efficiency and either lowers the overall cost or shortens the lead-time for many industrial processes. Epoxies are also used in producing fiber-reinforced or composite parts. They are more expensive than polyester resins and vinyl ester resins, but usually produce stronger and more temperature-resistant thermoset polymer matrix composite parts.
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After World War II, the factory was expanded, and production of plastic was initiated in 1946. In the People's Republic of Poland, the plant, called Zakłady Tworzyw Sztucznych ERG Pustków (Plastic Works ERG Pustków), manufactured glue, polyester resin, bakelite, laminates and other plastics. Together with the plant, the settlement expanded, with new blocks of flats, hostel for workers, house of culture with a cinema, health center, swimming pool and sports facilities of sports club Chemik, established in 1954. In 1992, Plastic Works ERG Pustków were privatized.
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Known for never playing the same show twice, the band has a show-to-show ritual of choosing the night's setlist. At the beginning of each tour, a member of the band's road crew makes a master list of all the songs the band performs and laminates it. Each night before the show he marks the last three nights' set lists in different colors. The band can see what has been played recently and then decide what songs to play during the first set.
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The official name of the tour was 'American Tour 1972'. The tour is also known as the "Stones Touring Party", shortened to S.T.P., derived from the laminates handed out by the management to crew, family, friends and press, granting access to the various areas at the concert venues and hotels. In 2015 Jose Cuervo in association with the Rolling Stones launched a brand of tequila with a marketing campaign based on one of the nicknames of the American Tour being the "Cocaine and Tequila Sunrise tour".
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The Micro-Miniature Automated Test Equipment Course teaches entry-level and Fleet Marines to use automated test equipment to isolate faults on circuit card assemblies, develop test routines for various circuit card assemblies, and then repair them using advanced soldering techniques including miniature and microminiature surface mount, plated-through hole, and wire termination techniques and fundamentals. The "2M" Technicians produced in this course will also have the ability to repair, reconstruct, and resurface laminates and other various surface types that are used in circuit cards.
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These are interacting failure criteria where more than one stress components have been used to evaluate the different failure modes. These criteria were originally developed for unidirectional polymeric composites, and hence, applications to other type of laminates and non-polymeric composites have significant approximations. Usually Hashin criteria are implemented within two-dimensional classical lamination approach for point stress calculations with ply discounting as the material degradation model. Failure indices for Hashin criteria are related to fibre and matrix failures and involve four failure modes.
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In general, drum usage is limited to wholesale distribution of bulk products, which are then further processed or sub-divided in a factory. These metal drums have two openings with flanges, often NPS and NPS in diameter. Once the drums are filled, the plugs (bungs) are screwed in the flanges using pneumatic or hand-operated bung tightener (plug wrench). To secure the contents of the drums against theft and adulteration during shipment, cap-seals made of metal and other types like metal-plastic laminates are used.
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The main structure is built from sheet foam and covered in fiberglass, as are the fuselage bulkheads, the wing ribs, stabilizers, and the rudder. The fuselage longerons, wing and tail spars, the landing gear mounts, and firewall are all made from Douglas fir, with the spars solid, not laminates. The formers are made from foam, fiberglassed on both sides for strength. All fittings are made from 4130 steel. The landing gear is fabricated from an automotive leaf spring wrapped with 3-inch fiberglass and mounts wheelbarrow wheels.
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The frame of rackets for all sports was traditionally made of solid wood (later laminated wood) and the strings of animal intestine known as catgut. The traditional racket size was limited by the strength and weight of the wooden frame which had to be strong enough to hold the strings and stiff enough to hit the ball or shuttle. Manufacturers started adding non-wood laminates to wood rackets to improve stiffness. Non-wood rackets were made first of steel, then of aluminum, and then carbon fiber composites.
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The ancient swordmakers exploited the aesthetic qualities of pattern welded steel. The Vikings, in particular, were fond of twisting bars of steel around each other, welding the bars together by hammering and then repeating the process with the resulting bars, to create complex patterns in the final steel bar. Two bars twisted in opposite directions created the common chevron pattern. Often, the center of the blade was a core of soft steel, and the edges were solid high carbon steel, similar to the laminates of the Japanese.
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Polyethylene (LDPE, LLDPE, etc.) is the most common. Other forms, including laminates and co-extrusions can be used when the physical properties are needed. Plastics to create single use bags are primarily made with Fossil fuels. Plastic bags usually use less material than comparable to boxes, cartons, or jars, thus are often considered as "reduced or minimized packaging". In June 2009 Germany’s Institute for Energy and Environmental Research concluded that oil-based plastics, especially if recycled, have a better life-cycle analysis than compostable plastics.
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Besides Harrington, Alexander, ECW, Yeates of Loughborough and (in 1954-56) Park Royal were going down this route. The development of durable laminates for interior panel finish such as wareite and formica was another feature that Harrington started to pioneer. A belated change to the construction and use rules in 1957 allowed fixed, rather than opening, driver's windscreens on public service vehicle (PSV) bodies. This, together with advances in toughened glass manufacture, at last made it possible to have a coach windscreen with a three-dimensional curvature.
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The Passive Aeroelastic Tailored (PAT) wing was designed for more structural efficiency by a team of the ARMD, the University of Michigan and Boeing-owned Aurora Flight Sciences. A long, 29% scale of a Boeing 777-like wing was built by Aurora in Columbus, Mississippi, with a conventional configuration: two spars and 58 ribs. The skin thickness varies with the load from inboard tapering to at the tip. To aligns fibers with the load, tow-steered laminates curve along the wing span unlike current composites with 0°, ±45° and ±90° laid down and cut plies.
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Strength, durability, cost, and stretch make polyester material the most widely used in fabric structures. Polyesters that are laminated or coated with PVC films are usually the least expensive option for longer-term fabrications. Laminates generally consist of vinyl films over woven or knitted polyester meshes (called scrims or substrates), while vinyl-coated polyesters usually have a high-count, high-tensile base fabric coated with a bondable substance that provides extra strength. Precontraint fabric is made by placing the polyester fabric under tension both before and during the coating process.
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Bridged silsesquioxanes have been used for quantum confined nano-size semiconductors. Silsesquioxane resins have also been used for these applications because they have high dielectric strengths, low dielectric constants, high volume resistivities, and low dissipation factors, making them very suitable for electronics applications. These resins have heat and fire resistant properties, which can be used to make fiber- reinforced composites for electrical laminates. Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes have been examined as a means to give improved mechanical properties and stability, with an organic matrix for good optical and electrical properties.
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In 1996, LP purchased Associated Chemists, a key supplier of specialty coatings to the wood products industry, as well as GreenStone Industries, a manufacturer of cellulose insulation, and Tecton Laminates Corp., a producer of laminated veneer lumber and wood I-joists used in the construction industry. Two years later, LP acquired ABT Building Products Corporation, a transaction it heralded as a way 'to expand its specialty products lines and complement its low-cost commodity building products,' according to the Wall Street Journal. In 1999, LP purchased Evans Forest Products Ltd.
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Micarta knife handle Micarta industrial laminates are normally phenolic, epoxy, silicone, or melamine resin based thermoset materials reinforced with fiberglass, cork, cotton cloth, paper, carbon fiber or other substrates. Micarta industrial laminate sheet is a hard, dense material made by applying heat and pressure to layers of prepreg. These layers of lamination usually consist of cellulose paper, cotton fabrics, synthetic yarn fabrics, glass fabrics, or unwoven fabrics. When heat and pressure are applied to the layers, a chemical reaction (polymerization) transforms the layers into a high- pressure thermosetting industrial laminated plastic.
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Back painted glass is any form of clear glass that is painted from the back side and viewed from the front side, or "first surface" side. Back painted glass is widely used for architectural spandrel glass, colored glass walls for interior glazing, colored glass back splashes, glass markerboards and dry erase boards, colored glass counter tops, shower walls, artistic glass, auto glass, marine glass, aero space glass, and more. Back painted glass is a modern alternative to other surfacing materials such as tiles and laminates in the world's decorative and architectural industries.
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Most common AC motors use the squirrel-cage rotor, which will be found in virtually all domestic and light industrial alternating current motors. The squirrel-cage refers to the rotating exercise cage for pet animals. The motor takes its name from the shape of its rotor "windings"- a ring at either end of the rotor, with bars connecting the rings running the length of the rotor. It is typically cast aluminum or copper poured between the iron laminates of the rotor, and usually only the end rings will be visible.
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In November 2004, the Group acquired Elec & Eltek International Holdings Limited as part of a strategic expansion plan. In December 2006, the Group spun off its laminate business, Kingboard Laminates Holdings limited for a separate listing on the main board of The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited. The Group's natural gas based methanol JV with China BlueChemical in Hainan province commenced production in December 2006. In 2016, KLH purchased 15 Canada Square, home to KPMG LLP UK’s headquarters, for £400m on a 25 year sale-and-leaseback agreement at £18m a year.
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The first whiteboards were very expensive and were made of an enameled steel. Cheaper versions were then produced, including laminated chipboard, high- pressure laminates and steel boards with a matte-finished or glossy white, usually polyester or acrylic, coating. Enameled whiteboards, also referred to as porcelain, and sometimes glass boards, have the advantage that markings can be erased completely; other materials tend to become stained over time. Enameled boards are more expensive and less used in commercial environments, but in more demanding environments with heavier use, such as educational establishments, porcelain boards are considered superior.
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There are different lamination processes, depending primarily on the type or types of materials to be laminated. The materials used in laminates can be identical or different, depending on the process and the object to be laminated. An example of a type of laminate using different materials would be the application of a layer of plastic film—the "laminate"—on either side of a sheet of glass—the laminated subject. Vehicle windshields are commonly made as composites created by laminating a tough plastic film between two layers of glass.
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There is very ample storage which includes a waterproof locker for storage of the outboard motor when not in use. The Wanderer dinghy design has evolved during the years of manufacture, one of the most significant early changes was the introduction of the MD modification. This was a modification to the distribution of buoyancy resulting in a reduction in the floating height of the boat after a capsize thus aiding recovery (and propitiously making the boat less likely to turn turtle). More recently Hartley Laminates took over the copyright and manufacturing licence for the design.
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Laminated object manufacturing (LOM) is a rapid prototyping system developed by Helisys Inc. (Cubic Technologies is now the successor organization of Helisys) In it, layers of adhesive-coated paper, plastic, or metal laminates are successively glued together and cut to shape with a knife or laser cutter. Objects printed with this technique may be additionally modified by machining or drilling after printing. Typical layer resolution for this process is defined by the material feedstock and usually ranges in thickness from one to a few sheets of copy paper.
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DOE Technical Report FG26-04NT42170. Microspheres are also used in composites to fill polymer resins for specific characteristics such as weight, sandability and sealing surfaces. When making surfboards for example, shapers seal the EPS foam blanks with epoxy and microballoons to create an impermeable and easily sanded surface upon which fiberglass laminates are applied. Glass microspheres can be made by heating tiny droplets of dissolved water glass in a process known as ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP), and properties can be improved somewhat by using a chemical treatment to remove some of the sodium.
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Various holders for cartridge ferrule fuses Fuses come in a vast array of sizes and styles to serve in many applications, manufactured in standardised package layouts to make them easily interchangeable. Fuse bodies may be made of ceramic, glass, plastic, fiberglass, molded mica laminates, or molded compressed fibre depending on application and voltage class. Cartridge (ferrule) fuses have a cylindrical body terminated with metal end caps. Some cartridge fuses are manufactured with end caps of different sizes to prevent accidental insertion of the wrong fuse rating in a holder, giving them a bottle shape.
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Davis's specialty was cabinets and storage spaces, and during the 1950s she drew up build-it- yourself designs for mid-century modern furniture that circulated in booklets distributed nationwide by the Douglas Fir Plywood Association. In the late 1950s, the couple were among the earliest designers to introduce laminates into kitchen cabinets and counters. Davis served as a board member for the Pilchuck Glass School and a trustee (emerita) for Washington's Governor’s Mansion Foundation and the Tacoma Art Museum. Davis's husband died in 1995, and she died on June 13, 2008, in Rancho Mirage, California.
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Gore-Tex Medical Devices Sample Kit, Science History Institute Some of the company's earliest successful products, based on work with laminates, were burn bandages developed for the Park-Davis company, microfiltration products for Millipore Corporation, and a membrane for blood oxygenation for Baxter International. Creating Gore-Tex tubes for use as vascular grafts was another area of rapid development. Gore-Tex is particularly useful internally in medical applications because it is nearly inert inside the body. In addition, the porosity of Gore-Tex permits the body's own tissue to grow through the material, integrating grafted material into the circulation system.
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Laminated wood consists of two or more layers of wood, impregnated with glue and attached permanently to each other. The combination of the two pieces of wood, if laid out correctly, results in the separate pieces moderating the effects of changes in temperature and humidity. Modern laminates consist of 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) thick sheets of wood, usually birch, which are impregnated with epoxy, laid with alternating grain directions, and cured at high temperatures and pressures. The resulting composite material is far stronger than the original wood, free from internal defects, and nearly immune to warping from heat or moisture.
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Many Windstopper garments are marketed as "softshells" suited to high-output aerobic activities such as running, cycling or cross- country skiing. Because they are not waterproof, they are more breathable than traditional Gore-Tex "hardshell" clothing. However, because they are based on a solid laminate layer, they remain inherently less breathable than other wind-resistant "softshell" fabrics made by Polartec or Schoeller, which rely on built-in properties of the fabric and weave rather than laminates. Like most softshell fabrics, Windstopper products are typically coated with DWR (Durable Water Repellent), which provides them with a modest degree of water resistance.
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There are many different standards with regards to fire-resistant and flame-retardant properties of high-pressure decorative laminates. While different countries may have different standards for the building industry to adhere to, most countries may agree on some of the more common standards being used in the industry. Very often, just like other standards applicable to the industry, the tests may be European Standards with their equivalent in the US Standards. For example, many Commonwealth countries may be comfortable with the British Standards 476 especially Parts 6 and 7, while there will still be US Standard equivalence in the ASTM.
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The plinth of the and more recent models, constructed of laminates with a 0.9mm phenolic resin skin instead of MDF, is custom-made by a Scottish kitchen cabinet supplier. In superseding the Rega with the , Rega made improvements to the bearing, arm, and plinth. Rega co-founder and chief designer Roy Gandy realised the plinth could be made lighter if thicker bracing was installed at key points to make the structure stronger and stiffer. It was found that after a 2mm-thick brace was incorporated on the top and bottom of the plinth, the phenolic skin could be dispensed with.
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Doug Marsh appears to specialise in council-owned companies. Doug Marsh is also the Chairman of the board of the Directors of the Selwyn Plantation Board Ltd, the Chairman of Plains Laminates Ltd, Chairman of the Canterbury A & P Board, Chairman of Southern Cross Engineering Holdings Ltd, a Director of City Care Ltd, a Director of Electricity Ashburton Ltd and a Director of Hindin Communications LtdAnnual Report of Selwyn Plantation Board 2004 Denis O'Rourke and Doug Catherwood, who were two of the original members of the steering committee, are now Trustees of the Central Plains Water Trust.Trustees , Central Plains Water Trust website.
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Sheets of vinyl impregnated with ferro-magnetic material can allow portable printed images to bond to magnets, such as for a custom bulletin board or a visual presentations. Specially surfaced plastic sheets can be laminated over a printed image to allow them to be safely written upon, such as with dry erase markers or chalk. Multiple translucent printed images may be laminated in layers to achieve certain visual effects or to hold holographic images. Printing businesses that do commercial lamination keep a variety of laminates on hand, as the process for bonding different types is generally similar when working with thin materials.
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FR-4 glass epoxy is a popular and versatile high-pressure thermoset plastic laminate grade with good strength to weight ratios. With near zero water absorption, FR-4 is most commonly used as an electrical insulator possessing considerable mechanical strength. The material is known to retain its high mechanical values and electrical insulating qualities in both dry and humid conditions. These attributes, along with good fabrication characteristics, lend utility to this grade for a wide variety of electrical and mechanical applications. Grade designations for glass epoxy laminates are: G-10, G-11, FR-4, FR-5 and FR-6.
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Such statistical information, underlying the safety factors, is obtainable only by proper extrapolation of laboratory tests. The size effect is gaining in importance as larger and larger structures, of more and more slender forms, are being built. The safety factors, of course, give large safety margins—so large that even for the largest civil engineering structures the classical deterministic analysis based on the mean material properties normally yields failure loads smaller than the maximum design loads. For this reasons, the size effect on the strength in brittle failures of concrete structures and structural laminates has long been ignored.
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Spender's poem was both in English and with a French translation by Louis Aragon, was accompanied by a group of etchings by Kandinsky, Miro, Hayter, Hecht, Buckland-Wright, Husband, Mead, Rieser and Varas. He moved to England to join the war effort in 1940, and in 1945, newly married, he settled back to civilian life, lecturing in biology, liberal studies and art, while also giving private lessons in printmaking. In 1960, he was invited to Cape Town and Johannesburg Universities to lecture on that subject. During the 1960s, Rieser pioneered printing on translucent fibre- glass panels and laminates.
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Tap testing or sounding involves gently striking the material with a hammer or hard object to find delamination based on the resulting sound. In laminated composites, a clear ringing sound indicates a well bonded material whereas a duller sound indicates the presence of delamination due to the defect dampening the impact. Tap testing is well suited for finding large defects in flat panel composites with a honeycomb core whereas thin laminates may have small defects that are not discernible by sound. Using sound is also subjective and dependent on the inspector's quality of hearing as well as judgement.
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Therefore, any electrical bed components used in the hospital environment need to meet minimum waterproofing standards in order to withstand the cleaning process. Homecare beds are less likely to be subjected to such intense cleaning, even if used within a care home, and this allows manufacturers to design beds whose aesthetics match home furnishings by using divan style beds or by using wooden veneer and laminates. The basic and most popular structure is of a slatted base with a twin drive or a triple drive motor. The support of the mattress comes from the flexibility of the slats and their elastic mountings on the frame.
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Until 2000, Windsor Locks was home to the oldest corporation listed on the New York Stock Exchange, the Dexter Corporation. Established in 1767 as C.H. Dexter and Sons, the company grew from a family- owned saw and grist mill and evolved into a multi-national producer of long fiber papers and chemical laminates. In its 233 years of operation, the company grew from manufacturing tissues, toilet paper, and tea bags to marketing more specialized products like medical garments and industrial finishes. Faced with a proposed buyout by International Specialty Products Incorporated in 2000, the Dexter Corporation separated its three divisions and sold them off to avoid a hostile takeover.
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The individual layers generally are orthotropic (that is, with principal properties in orthogonal directions) or transversely isotropic (with isotropic properties in the transverse plane) with the laminate then exhibiting anisotropic (with variable direction of principal properties), orthotropic, or quasi-isotropic properties. Quasi-isotropic laminates exhibit isotropic (that is, independent of direction) inplane response but are not restricted to isotropic out-of-plane (bending) response. Depending upon the stacking sequence of the individual layers, the laminate may exhibit coupling between inplane and out-of-plane response. An example of bending-stretching coupling is the presence of curvature developing as a result of in-plane loading.
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This process can be done at room temperature with just a vacuum pump, to control vacuum, with the aid of an industrial oven connected to a vacuum pump, to control temperature and vacuum, or with an autoclave, to control temperature, vacuum and also hydrostatic pressure. Persico Marine's autoclave. Polymerization in the autoclave is a technique which allows obtaining laminates with the best mechanical properties, but it is the most expensive and it permits the use of open moulds only. The advantage is due to the fact that the pressure helps to bond the composite layers and to exhaust air inclusions and volatile products, increasing the quality of the process.
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The vast majority of the rotor currents will flow through the bars rather than the higher-resistance and usually varnished laminates. Very low voltages at very high currents are typical in the bars and end rings; high efficiency motors will often use cast copper to reduce the resistance in the rotor. In operation, the squirrel-cage motor may be viewed as a transformer with a rotating secondary. When the rotor is not rotating in sync with the magnetic field, large rotor currents are induced; the large rotor currents magnetize the rotor and interact with the stator's magnetic fields to bring the rotor almost into synchronization with the stator's field.
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In 2003, Lim Juan of The Star speculated that the revised P2 looked "a lot less substantial than its ancestor", because of cost-cutting. Whilst the platter of the costlier Rega decks, P3 and P25, continued to be of glass, reviewers derided the fibreboard platter of the P2 as "not inspiring much confidence". The plinth, which the Rega website described as a low mass particulate core sandwiched by highly rigid phenolic laminates, "looks like any plain cheap medite board", according to Lim. The badly-toleranced medite platter proved unpopular with prospective buyers so Rega reverted to glass platters for a while, until the P2 was discontinued in 2005.
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In the workplace, while handling and manufacturing products which contain BPA, inhalation and dermal exposures are the most probable routes. There are many uses of BPA for which related potential exposures have not been fully assessed including digital media, electrical and electronic equipment, automobiles, sports safety equipment, electrical laminates for printed circuit boards, composites, paints, and adhesives. In addition to being present in many products that people use on a daily basis, BPA has the ability to bioaccumulate, especially in water bodies. In one review, it was seen that although BPA is biodegradable, it is still detected after wastewater treatment in many waterways at concentrations of approximately 1 ug/L.
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Optical microscopy-based techniques involve potting sectioned samples of the laminate, polished using standard metallographic techniques, and obtaining digital cross-sectional photomicrographs using an optical microscope and magnifications between 100 and 2500.Michael T. Cann, Daniel O. Adams and Claudio L. Schneider, Characterization of Fiber Volume Fraction Gradients in Composite Laminates, Journal of Composite Materials, 2008 42: 447 Digital images may be recorded at a number of locations along the length and through-the-thickness of the laminate. Computer programs aid in the analysis of fiber ratio in the photomicrograph of the polished composite specimen. This method is preferred as a non-destructive approach to determining fiber volume fraction.
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Because of their various properties, LCPs are useful for electricalFCI (2000): "Metral Signal Header 1 Mod, 4 Row Press-Fit", , 8 (note 2) and mechanical parts, food containers, and any other applications requiring chemical inertness and high strength. LCP is particularly good for microwave frequency electronics due to low relative dielectric constants, low dissipation factors, and commercial availability of laminates. Packaging microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) is another area that LCP has recently gained more attention. The superior properties of LCPs make them especially suitable for automotive ignition system components, heater plug connectors, lamp sockets, transmission system components, pump components, coil forms and sunlight sensors and sensors for car safety belts.
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The 3M Company is an American multinational conglomerate corporation operating in the fields of industry, worker safety, US health care, and consumer goods. The company produces over 60,000 products under several brands, including adhesives, abrasives, laminates, passive fire protection, personal protective equipment, window films, paint protection films, dental and orthodontic products, electrical and electronic connecting and insulating materials, medical products, car-care products, electronic circuits, healthcare software and optical films. It is based in Maplewood, a suburb of Saint Paul, Minnesota. 3M made $32.8 billion in total sales in 2018, and ranked number 95 in the Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue.
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Fabric construction which directs water away from the body, rather than membranes, coatings or laminates, can be used to keep the wearer dry. This means that perspiration can be moved away from the body more effectively, as both liquid water and water vapour can be directed. These are directional fabrics such as Nikwax Analogy and FurTech, which are also breathable in the conventional sense (although these examples are actually a combination of two different fabrics, a directional "pump" layer underneath a distinct windproof and water resistant outer layer, and while effectively completely waterproof against rain they would fail a strict hydrostatic head test as given in the definition above).
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In this framework he created the German-Chinese house at the Expo Shanghai 2010, a 300 sqm, two-story building made of bamboo. His Expo house and the 22 further pavilions are one of the few modern and self-supporting constructions in the world made of the nature material bamboo in combination of natural cane and laminates. He developed special new joining techniques and construction methods for these projects. The works were done with support of the structural planners and engineers of Schlaich Bergermann & Partner, Stuttgart, Rein Ingenieure, Stuttgart und Varicon, Würzburg, W. Schachl, Munich and the universities Technische Universität München, Technische Universität Darmstadt and Tongji University, Shanghai.
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X-ray of Dragon Skin Body Armor Dragon Skin is a type of ballistic vest formerly made by the now-defunct company Pinnacle Armor, currently produced in Missoula, Montana by North American Development Group LLC available for public, law-enforcement and military customers. Its characteristic two-inch- wide circular discs overlap like scale armor, creating a flexible vest that allows a good range of motion and is intended to absorb a high number of hits compared with other military body armor. The discs are composed of silicon carbide ceramic matrices and laminates, much like the larger ceramic plates in other types of bullet resistant vests. The armor was c.
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In 1955, an order was placed for 14 vehicles, with manufacturers being invited to incorporate innovative features; perhaps the most striking of these prototypes, which were completed in 1957, were those constructed by Cravens. Following evaluation, and with the increasing influence of the British Transport Design Panel, Mark 1 vehicles built from the later 1950s onwards were to modified designs. Laminates were used instead of timber panelling, and in the very last of the Mark 1 hauled vehicles, fluorescent lighting was fitted instead of tungsten bulbs. An important variant on the Mark 1 design were the 44 Pullman vehicles built by Metro- Cammell in 1960.
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Skiving or scarfing is the process of cutting material off in slices, usually metal, but also leather or laminates. Skiving is used instead of rolling the material to shape when the material must not be work hardened, or must not shed minute slivers of metal later which is common in cold rolling processes. In metalworking, skiving can be used to remove a thin dimension of material or to create thin slices in an existing material, such as heat sinks where a large amount of surface area is required relative to the volume of the piece of metal. The process involves moving the strip past precision-profiled slotted tools made to an exact shape, or past plain cutting tools.
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At the time, contemporary propeller designs were not advanced enough to actually put Wittgenstein's ideas into practice, and it would be years before a blade design that could support Wittgenstein's innovative design was created. Wittgenstein's design required air and gas to be forced along the propeller arms to combustion chambers on the end of each blade, where it was then compressed by the centrifugal force exerted by the revolving arms and ignited. Propellers of the time were typically wood, whereas modern blades are made from pressed steel laminates as separate halves, which are then welded together. This gives the blade a hollow interior, and therefore creates an ideal pathway for the air and gas.
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Polymerization with matched-die moulding is used for plane or simple-geometry laminates and can include a vacuum pump and an electric or hydraulic heat source. It is made of a press with male and female moulds that close to form a gap with the shape of the component, the width of which is regulated to control the thickness of the part. The press can not apply a hydrostatic pressure as the autoclave, but only a vertical one. Matched-die moulding allows to have a very high dimensional control, a good surface finish on both surfaces, and reasonable production rates but, in return, it can have fibres misalignment and it is very expensive.
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Construction of the boat was by Mick Cookson of Cookson Boatworks in Auckland, New Zealand in 1998 to 1999. The boats construction was made from pre-preg carbon fiber laminates in various orientations, with a 38 mm aluminum honeycomb core. After breaking the 24-hour distance record (583 NM) PlayStation suffered a fire while being prepared to be shipped to the US. The cause of the fire was the over-charging of the NiMH batteries, and the damage from the fire required that 26' of the starboard hull be replaced. A portion of the hull was created at the builders which was grafted to the original bow and stern leaving virtually no evidence of the fire.
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Stanford Robert Ovshinsky (November 24, 1922 – October 17, 2012) was an American engineer, scientist and inventor who over a span of fifty years was granted well over 400 patents, mostly in the areas of energy and information.Avery Cohn, "A Revolution Fueled by the Sun," Berkeley Review of Latin American Studies (Spring 2008): p. 22. Many of his inventions have had wide ranging applications. Among the most prominent are: an environmentally friendly nickel-metal hydride battery, which has been widely used in laptop computers, digital cameras, cell phones, and electric and hybrid cars; flexible thin-film solar energy laminates and panels; flat screen liquid crystal displays; rewritable CD and DVD discs; hydrogen fuel cells; and nonvolatile phase-change memory.
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Anatomic wax mock-up fabricated to guide the dentist before tooth preparationVeneers are ultra-thin, custom-made porcelain laminates that are bonded directly to the teeth. They are an option for closing gaps, enhance the shape, or change the color of teeth that do not respond well to whitening procedures. In the majority of the cases, some level of tooth reduction is necessary for optimal results. To achieve a pleasing smile, dentists fabricate diagnostic mock-ups, which act as a tooth preparation guide before the fabrication of veneers, it allows the dentist to visualize the changes needed to be done on the patient's teeth with respect to size, shape and proportion, its relation with gingival-contour, lip contour and smile line.
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The trademark now owned by Spaulding Composites can be applied to laminates made with other natural or synthetic resins as well. After Huntley Spaulding, the last of the three brothers, died in November 1955, the Spaulding Fibre Company became part of a charitable trust previously set up by Huntley and his only sister, Marion S. Potter. The trust was created to disburse their remaining wealth within 15 years of the death of the last sibling. Marion S. Potter died on September 27, 1957.Eugene C. Struckhoff, "The orange tree and the inchworm: an abbreviated history of the Spaulding- Potter Charitable Trusts", Concord, NH; 1973 The company in Tonawanda flourished under foremen, superintendents and workers from the local blue collar workforce.
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128 However, only a decade later the rapid introduction of rifled artillery firing explosive shells was already beginning to make the fortifications obsolete. As a result of recommendations by Colonel William Jervois, the coastal batteries were upgraded with armoured casemates made from expensively constructed iron laminates. He also proposed to build a sea fort in the bay, along the lines of Britain's Palmerston Forts, though this was never carried out.Hughes & Migos, p. 92–3 The 100 ton RML 17.72 inch gun installed at Napier of Magdala Battery In 1879 the growing threat of ultra-heavy naval artillery led to the installation of two giant RML 17.72 inch guns, dubbed the "100 ton guns" – the biggest, heaviest and among the last muzzle-loading artillery pieces ever made.
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ChevronTexaco and United Solar Systems Corporation (Uni-Solar) collaborated on the design and installation of Solarmine. At the time of commissioning in 2003, the 500 kW Chevron Solarmine solar photovoltaic (PV) system was the world's largest thin-film amorphous silicon solar PV system and one of the largest solar PV systems in the United States. Located at the Midway-Sunset Oil Field, Solarmine was the first solar PV system in California to power oil field operations. The building block for the solar PV system is a Uni-Solar PV Laminate (Model PVL-128) that is about 1.3 feet wide by 18 feet long, providing 128 Watts DC. The PV laminates have good performance in cloudy weather because they are designed to be less dependent on infrared light.
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The Mackenzie River delta was a focus of ground and air surveys as early as 1957, and geologists drew comparisons then to the Mississippi and Niger Deltas, speculating that the Mackenzie could prove as prolific. For millions of years sediments had been pouring out of the mouth of the Mackenzie, creating tremendous banks of sand and shale – laminates of sedimentary rock warped into promising geological structures. Drilling began in the Mackenzie Delta-Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula in 1962, and accelerated during the early 1970s. The mouth of the Mackenzie River was not a Prudhoe Bay, but it did contain large gas fields. By 1977, its established gas reserves were 200 billion m³ (1,730 barrels), and a proposal, the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline, was put forth.
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To ensure that strength is not compromised by this weight savings approach, Kadey-Krogen uses massive stem-to-stern fiberglass girders that are closely spaced for effective distribution of hull loads to bulkheads, and encapsulated mahogany girder inserts that allow equipment to be attached for maximum strength and reliability. Cast lead (as opposed to iron) ballast conforms to the keel contour and is concentrated low in the hull so less ballast material is required and weight is reduced. Deckhouse and hull topsides are of cored laminates for reduced weight, lower center of gravity, thermal insulation and strength. Critical areas are reinforced with an impact-resistant fiberglass mat containing Twaron, which is the same fiber used to give body armor "bullet-proof" capability.
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This 3,000-square-foot model home was built by Ralph Wilson, Sr., founder of Wilsonart in 1959 in Temple, Texas. Together with his daughter Bonnie McIninich, Wilson created the home to serve as an experimental showcase for Wilsonart (then Ralph Wilson Plastics). Experimental uses for laminate appeared throughout the home including kitchen and bath cabinets, shower stalls and walls, using laminates in place of traditional building materials like drywall, wallpaper, paint, wood, ceramic tile and linoleum. The doorless garage, its walls covered with new grades of laminate, allowed Wilson to test his products’ durability. The Wilson house served as Wilson, Sr.’s private residence from 1959 until his death in 1972. In 1997, the home was purchased from Wilson, Sr.’s widow, Sunny Wilson, and restored to its original appearance in 1959.
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While following traditional south German models, the company initially built instruments incorporationg modern technologies such as electric stop action. Cases had very contemporary designs, such as the organ in Cologne-Gremberg, set on a mushroom-shaped concrete pedestal, or in another organ that has free hanging steel frame with plexiglass used for the swell box and rollerboards, thus enabling a free view into the workings of the instrument. During the 1970s the firm abandoned the use of tropical woods and laminates in favour of solid woods, and electric action likewise was discarded in favor of mechanical action. While continuing to build new organs in the 1980s the firm began to devote attention to the restoration of older instruments, including organs of the South German Baroque, and Romantic instruments with valve chests and pneumatic actions.
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Flexo has an advantage over lithography in that it can use a wider range of inks, water based rather than oil based inks, and is good at printing on a variety of different materials like plastic, foil, acetate film, brown paper, and other materials used in packaging. Typical products printed using flexography include brown corrugated boxes, flexible packaging including retail and shopping bags, food and hygiene bags and sacks, milk and beverage cartons, flexible plastics, self-adhesive labels, disposable cups and containers, envelopes and wallpaper. In recent years there has also been a move towards laminates, where two or more materials are bonded together to produce new material with different properties than either of the originals. A number of newspapers now eschew the more common offset lithography process in favour of flexo.
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The traditional type of floor consists of a gridded metal framework or substructure of adjustable-height supports (called "pedestals") that provide support for removable (liftable) floor panels, which are usually 2×2 feet or 60×60 cm. The height of the legs/pedestals is dictated by the volume of cables and other services provided beneath, but typically arranged for a clearance of at least six inches or 15 cm with typical heights between 24 inches to 48 inches. The panels are normally made of steel-clad particleboard or a steel panel with a cementitious internal core, although some tiles have hollow cores. Panels may be covered with a variety of flooring finishes to suit the application, such as carpet tiles, high-pressure laminates, marble, stone, and antistatic finishes for use in computer rooms and laboratories.
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It is covered with a mixture of composites and glass-fibre laminates. There are two seats in tandem, the forward one under the wings and the rear seat well behind the trailing edge. Both cockpits may be open; the front one enclosed; or both enclosed by a single, side-hinged canopy. Conversion from one configuration to another takes a few minutes The Comet has a conventional undercarriage, with spring cantilever legs mounted on the lower fuselage longerons carrying mainwheels which may be faired. A ballistic parachute (BRS 5) is an option. The Comet is powered by one of several Rotax horizontally-opposed four cylinder engines: the 60 kW (80 hp) 912 UL, the 74 kW (99 hp) 912 ULS or the turbocharged, 87 kW (113 hp) 914, all driving two-blade propellers.
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4,4’-Oxydianiline is used in the production of a wide variety of polymer resins. The primary use lies in the production of polyimide and poly(ester)imide resins. These resins are used for their temperature-resistant properties and are utilized in products including wire enamels, coatings, film, adhesives, insulating varnishes, coated fabrics, flame-retardant fibers, oil sealants and retainers, insulation for cables and printed circuits, and laminates and composite for aerospace vehicles. Other applications of 4,4’-oxydianiline include the production of poly(amide)imide resins (which are used in the manufacture of heat-resistant wire enamels and coatings), as an intermediate in the manufacture of epoxy resins and adhesives, and in the production of aromatic polyether imides. A specific reaction involving industrial use of 4,4’-oxydianiline is in the production of thermostable poly(amideurea) acids, which can be prepared from 4,4’-oxydianiline, pyromellitic dianhydride, and diisocyanates.
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Reliant would later design the Sabra Sport using Ashley Laminates existing kit car designs which reliant would redesign again to sell it in the UK market as the Reliant Sabre. Reliant would continue designing vehicles for Autocars into the early 1970s when Autocars started to source parts from Standard-Triumph severing ties with reliant in the process, Autocars would end in the late 1970s and would plan to start a new company selling Reliant Kittens in Israel but this would not happen. From this export started another as in 1962 a Turkish delegation visited Autocars in Israel and was impressed with its car production, Turkey would later instruct Reliant to design its own Peoples car. Through this deal Reliant designed the Anadol, a saloon vehicle using a GRP body, separate chassis and ford running gear, this deal though would not just be for a vehicle design but to help turkey create its whole car production from its factory, paint and production.
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Tiffany & Co.'s silver division under the direction of Edward C. Moore began to experiment with mokume gane techniques around 1877 and at the Paris exposition of 1878 Tiffany's in its grand prize- winning display of Moore's "Japanesque" silver wares included a magnificent "Conglomerate Vase" with asymmetrical panels of mokume gane. (The Conglomerate Vase which has been widely acclaimed as the most important work of nineteenth- century American silver was sold at Sotheby's on January 20, 1998 for $585,500.) Moore and Tiffany's silver smiths continued to develop its popular mokume techniques in preparation for the Paris exposition of 1889 where it displayed a vast array of Japanesque silver using ever more complex alloys of shakado, sedo and shibuci along with gold and silver to make laminates of up to twenty-four layers. Tiffany's display again won the grand prize for silver wares, and the company continued to produce its Japanesque silver with mokume up into the twentieth century.
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Ashley 750 on which the Mk1 was based Falcon Shells was founded in 1956 by Peter Pellandine following his amicable split with Keith Waddington of Ashley Laminates. It was originally based at 23 Highbridge Street, Waltham Abbey in Essex. There was also a showroom at 52 High Street, Epping. Pellandine retained the rights and tooling to manufacture the Ashley's short wheelbase 750 and the Sports Racer which he sold as the Falcon Mark I and II respectively. The Mk II body was used on the 1956 Elva MkII.Automobile Quarterly, Volume 35, Issue 4, Page 39 From 1957 to 1959 Falcon's were also manufactured in New Zealand by Falcoln Shells (NZ) Limited. Pellandine had moved there in 1957, while continuing to operate his United Kingdom company. The New Zealand company ceased production in 1959 when Pellandine returned to the United Kingdom. In 1958, a full kit version of the Mark 2, renamed the Competition, was launched.
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