Young adults from the top socioeconomic quartile report nearly double the number of nonfamilial adults in their lives as their peers from the bottom quartile.
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Researchers for the Guttmacher Institute have found that the first instance of sexual intercourse often happens as a result of coercion and that adolescents with a history of incest or nonfamilial sexual abuse had higher odds of pregnancy.
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The majority of Devic's disease patients have no affected relatives, and it is generally regarded as a nonfamilial condition.
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Little is understood about how it starts. Nonfamilial early-onset AD can develop in people who are in their 30s or 40s, but this is extremely rare. The majority of people with early-onset Alzheimer's are in their 50s or early 60s.
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Although MYCN amplification accounted for only 1.4% of retinoblastoma cases, researchers identified it in 18% of infants diagnosed at less than 6 months of age. Median age at diagnosis for MYCN retinoblastoma was 4.5 months, compared with 24 months for those who had nonfamilial unilateral disease with two RB1 gene mutations.
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The cause of neuroblastoma is not well understood. The great majority of cases are sporadic and nonfamilial. About 1–2% of cases run in families and have been linked to specific gene mutations. Familial neuroblastoma in some cases is caused by rare germline mutations in the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene.
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With benign familial infantile epilepsy, the seizures onset from four to eight months of age. Some cases of nonfamilial benign infantile seizures occur during a case of mild gastroenteritis. Called benign infantile seizures associated with mild gastroenteritis (BIS with MG), the seizures only occur during this illness and no not recur. Infection with rotavirus is the most common cause.
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The brain appears normal on MRI scan. The familial and nonfamilial forms have overlapping features and the presence of a family history of infantile seizures may be the only distinguishing criterion. The nonfamiliar form has a larger range of the onset of seizures: from three to twenty months with most occurring between five and six months. There is no difference between the sexes.
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FHM2, which accounts for less than 25% of cases, is caused by mutations in the /-ATPase gene ATP1A2. FHM3 is a rare subtype of FHM and is caused by mutations in a sodium channel α-subunit coding gene, SCN1A. These three subtypes do not account for all cases of FHM, suggesting the existence of at least one other locus (FHM4). Also, nonfamilial cases of hemiplegic migraine are seen, termed sporadic hemiplegic migraine.
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Benign infantile epilepsy (BIE), also known as benign infantile seizures (BIS), is an epilepsy syndrome of which several forms have been described. The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classify two main forms of the syndrome (familial and nonfamilial) though several other forms have been described in the academic literature. Affected children, who have no other health or developmental problems, develop seizures during infancy. These seizures have focal origin within the brain but may then spread to become generalised seizures.
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The mechanism of cyst formation in Glomerulocystic kidney disease is not well understood. There is speculated to be a connection to HNF-1ß in familial GCKD which is critical in the development of the kidney, pancreas, and liver. Mutations in the HNF-1ß gene are a cause of renal cystic kidney disease and early onset diabetes However, in nonfamilial GCKD, HNF-1ß may not have a role. There are a variable amount of glomeruli with dilated Bowman's capsules within patients with GCKD.
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Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) or early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (EOFAD) is an uncommon form of Alzheimer's disease that usually strikes earlier in life, defined as before the age of 65 (usually between 30 and 60 years of age) and is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, identified by genetics and other characteristics such as the age of onset. Familial AD requires the patient to have at least one first-degree relative with a history of EOAD. FAD usually implies to multiple persons affected in one or more generation. Nonfamilial cases of AD are referred to as "sporadic" AD, where genetic risk factors are minor or unclear.
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Indian J Gastroenterol 21(6):227Murata I, Ogami Y, Nagai Y, Furumi K, Yoshikawa I, Otsuki M (1998) Carcinoma of the stomach with hyperkeratosis palmaris et plantaris and acanthosis of the esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol 93(3):449–451 and lung cancerGrundmann JU, Weisshaar E, Franke I, Bonnekoh B, Gollnick H (2003) Lung carcinoma with congenital plantar keratoderma as a variant of Clarke-Howel-Evans syndrome. Int J Dermatol 42(6):461–463Nomori H, Horio H, Iga R, Fuyuno G, Kobayashi R, Morinaga S (1996) Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung associated with palmo-plantar hyperkeratosis. Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi 34(1):76–79Khanna SK, Agnone FA, Leibowitz AI, Raschke RA, Trehan M (1993) Nonfamilial diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma associated with bronchial carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 28(2 Pt 2):295–297Murata Y, Kumano K, Tani M, Saito N, Kagotani K (1988) Acquired diffuse keratoderma of the palms and soles with bronchial carcinoma: report of a case and review of the literature. Arch Dermatol 124(4):497–498 have been suggested.
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