"Males interacted with females, males interacted with other males, females interacted with males, and we're pretty sure that females were interacting with other females as well," Scheel said.
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Males will attack other males that intrude on their territory.
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And they've hired white males and they've funded white males.
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The sterile males compete with wild males to mate with females that the lab-raised males can't impregnate, therefore causing populations to decline.
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Males sing as a way to fight over territory with other males, and both males and females sing to one another during courtship.
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It creates only males, as males don't bite or transmit disease.
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The two males bond as only males can, by smashing stuff.
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Many Silicon Valley engineers are convinced that the work is done by males (and built mostly for males) because males are better at coding.
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He said 83 percent of new HIV cases occurred among males who have sex with males and transgender women who have sex with males.
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Compared to black males, white males were 79 percent less likely to have sex before age 13, and Hispanic males were 73 percent less likely.
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For those in that age group, imprisonment rates were 5,948 per 100,000 black males; 2,365 per 20103,000 Hispanic males; and 1,101 per 100,000 white males.
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But they had difficulty recruiting males, perhaps because of the lower prevalence of depression, so their study included only 24 depressed males and 10 healthy males.
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Minority males were shot and killed at a disproportionately higher rate than white males.
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"We're guessing either the trauma of being moved affects males more than females, or the males in the new territory are subordinate to the males already there," Fleischer said.
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In the latest trial, the mating performance of Oxitec males was comparable to sterile males irradiated at low levels, and it exceeded sterile males treated with a higher dose.
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As the nation contends with its racist and misogynist demons, New York's leading musical institutions give us canonical pieces by white males, conducted by white males, directed by white males.
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In the green swordtails, which only have courter males, females preferred the males with smaller junk.
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That is, whether it was Neanderthal males impregnating human females, or human males impregnating Neanderthal females.
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In order to ascertain help from many males, females almost constantly invite nearby males to copulate.
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Hispanic males accounted for 2628 percent of fatal shootings, while white males accounted for 28503 percent.
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Studies of bottlenose dolphins have found that half of males' sexual encounters were with other males.
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The rate of incarceration for black males continues to be six times that of white males.
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Males and females differ by huge tracts of genetic material — a Y chromosome that males have and that females don't, and a second X chromosome that females have and males don't.
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It doesn't matter that there are 100 females and three males in a girls' race if the three males win spots in the final or on the podium because they are males.
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"Males get nipples because females need them, and females get orgasms because males need them," she said.
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As expected, the males that couldn't produce silk were eaten much more often than the other males.
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We often fail to recognize the fact that males also experience it—and that includes gay males.
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Death rates among non-Hispanic black males rose 0.9, and 1 percent among non-Hispanic white males.
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In federal cases, black males face sentences 20 percent greater than white males convicted of similar offenses.
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This works out for about 70% of the males, leaving just 10% of the males to struggle for the bottom 10% of females, who only want access to the top 20% of males.
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Overall, they favored courter males with short genitalia, but in contrast they liked their sneaker males well hung.
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The pairing of males and females is fleeting, while between males, a pair can stay together for years.
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That same year, black males were incarcerated at six-and-a-half times the rate of white males.
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In one experiment, they also liked males with white feathers stuck on their heads better than other males.
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Thus, accumulating evidence shows that overrepresentation of males in STEM fields is perhaps better framed as underrepresentation of males in reading fields and the latter is driven by relatively low reading achievement among males.
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These little primates engage in sex at the drop of a hat in what seems to be a complete free-for-all: adults with juveniles, females with females, females with males, and males with males.
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The increase happened predominantly with males: While 17.2 percent of first-generation immigrant males in Germany married an ethnic German, the rate increased to 29.6 percent for second-generation immigrant males, according to the census.
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" He saw Ross as a necessary plot device because "comics are traditionally created by white males for white males.
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Both males and females build nests and feed young, and during courtship the males feed the females (free dates!).
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For example, males that have to compete with other males to reproduce tend to have really, really large testes.
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Instead of mating with males of their species, females are increasingly mating with males of the other finch species.
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Police said two injured males were taken to a hospital and two other males sought medical attention on their own.
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Another rogue female had been mating with two different males too — even though the males were in stable social pairs.
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Gardasil 9, approved in 2014, prevents HPV types that cause cervical cancer, vaginal and vulvar cancer in females, anal and throat cancer in females and males, penile cancer in males and genital warts in males and females.
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It also meant that the duck penis size and shape wasn't solely a result of males competing with other males, or females making a choice between males—it was the female and male ducks' competition driving the evolution.
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I got the first three males fixed, but then I had other males, it just kind of escalated a little bit.
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The smaller males still rely on seducing the females with their claws, which appear more grandiose compared with the males' bodies.
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The second, conducted between 2000 and 2008, involved 12,843 white males, 73 black males, 3,880 white females and 342 black females.
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In species where females mate with many males, the males tend to evolve sperm that are good at competing for fertilization.
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The females can be the glue that holds society together, supporting males in competition, and determining which males are the leaders.
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They picked primates and carnivores because both groups contain some species whose males have a baculum and others whose males do not.
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One problem, since breeding males necessarily involves breeding females, too, is sorting the sexes, so that only males are irradiated and released.
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One was conducted between 2188 and 2230 and involved 2008,2234 white males, 7843,2784 black males, 27,22016 white females and 1,252 black females.
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For example, half of the white males were paid at least $253,042, while the median income for black males was only $188,230.
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This is a problem, especially given jarring statistics that venture capitalists are funding males — specifically white males — more than any other group.
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The sons of the males who endured the heat wave produced 20 percent fewer offspring than males that hadn't undergone that stress.
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In parallel, among species whose females choose the most attractive males based on their subjective tastes, males would evolve outlandish sexual ornaments.
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The horns also helped protect the massive skulls of the males when they fought with other males -- females didn't have this feature.
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Males do more hunting when there are young in the nest, which may mean that females see white males as better providers.
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"Selection for more efficient displays, benefitting males, could co-occur with female choice for males that perform the most intense displays," said Dakin.
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In other words, biological males can look, sound and act exactly like average males, but are trans women if they say they are.
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Seven counterprotesters -- six males and one female -- and the five KKK members -- four males and one female -- were initially arrested, Anaheim police said.
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For years, they had attributed the fact that males dominate females in many mammalian species to the males' being larger and more aggressive.
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" Vartan Ghukasyan, another member of Prosperous Armenia, told reporters later that his party wanted "females to be females and males to be males.
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Prum stresses this is not about emasculating males, or dominating them; it's simply about selecting for males who allow females autonomy and choice.
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Then they gave females and young males testosterone, because a surge in testosterone, a male hormone, initiates the mating behavior in adult males.
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During courtship, females pursue males with flashy ornaments or elaborate dances, and males tend to be choosy about which females' eggs they'll accept.
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The males use their bills to stab other males, and to fence — feinting and parrying, sometimes knocking the other bird off a perch.
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The report projected that if current incarceration trends continued, one in three African-American males will go to prison at some point in their life, while one in six Hispanic males and one in 17 white males will spend time behind bars.
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"Maybe in the short term the female (sharks) can do without males, but in the long term we need males again eventually," Dudgeon said.
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Each female regularly copulates with two or three males, usually their neighbors, and each of these males may in turn have several female mates.
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Most races and ethnic groups, including black males, Hispanic males and Hispanic females, saw no significant changes in their death rate year over year.
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"It's not males are leading and the females are being suppressed or the females are leading and the males are being suppressed," she said.
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Cicada males produce their calls by rapidly contracting and releasing membranes found in tymbals, special structures located behind and below the males' rear wings.
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It just kills all the people you want to kill, all males between 2100 and 221 or all males wearing a yarmulke in Israel.
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Males and females in Scotland and Wales, as well as males in Northern Ireland, saw a 0.1 year decline in life expectancy at birth.
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When bonobos come upon a great patch of fruit, for example, and tensions rise over feeding priority, the bonobos will decompress with a quick round of genito-genital rubbing and similar acts: males with females, males with males, females with females, juveniles with adults.
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In 2009, Gardasil was approved for males by the FDA, and in 2011 became a suggested vaccination for all males between ages 11 and 21.
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Those traditional males become increasingly aware of the presence of mimics and keep them away, whereupon the number of those assertive males rises once again.
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If, for example, females like males with long tails, then long-tailed males have more offspring, and the longest-tailed of those offspring reproduce more.
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My training class was made up of 24 students: three black males, one black female, two white females, one Latino male and 17 white males.
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Our study focused on 546 same-sex individual twins (277 females and 269 males) and 233 opposite-sex individual twins (120 females and 113 males).
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In the rare cases where wild males were observed encountering one another, the resident males would vocalize and display, wrestling if necessary to protect their turf.
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Baker says the males would only make it if males and females were in total isolation and only if females were introduced one at a time.
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Those males fathered fewer than one percent the number of offspring produced by the control group, resulting in "almost complete sterility in males," the team said.
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In such species, females compete among themselves to mate with males, instead of the other way around — often because males are too busy caring for young.
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"When you look at males and females walking, the key difference is, males have this shoulder swing and females have this hip swing," Dr. Neave said.
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There are two types of males in this population; she-males, who mimic females, and he-males, who look like males. The she-males can visually fool the he-males into believing that they are female due to their female morphology. However, the she-males cannot fool the he-males through scent, as he-males can detect the difference. Therefore, the most successful she-males are those who avoid close contact with other males, thereby reducing the chances of detection through chemical signals.
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Males with a deslorelin implant are less aggressive to other males compared to males castrated surgically.
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Adult males exist in two different forms: the brightly colored and "fatted" dominant males, and the paler and "nonfatted" subordinate males. Both males engage in mating, but only the dominant males can sire offspring. Males sometimes fight for breeding rights which results in dominance. Though conflicts are rare, they can be deadly.
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On the contrary, the ultraviolet reflection found on males strongly inhibits approaches from other males. This suggests that ultraviolet reflectance is also used by males as an inhibitory signal directed towards other males. Unlike sexual selection in males, visible color differences among males do not play an important role in mate selection by females. Females preferentially mate with males whose wings reflect ultraviolet light.
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During courtship, the males wave their hair foreleg tufts, and symmetrical males be chosen over asymmetrical males by the females.
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Examining specific school districts paints an even more complex picture. In the Detroit school district the graduation rate of black males was 20% but 7% for white males. In the New York City school district 28% of black males graduate from high school compared to 57% of white males. In Newark County 76% of black males graduated compared to 67% for white males.
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Males return to the same sleeping places each night, and may sleep in groups of up to six males, but only if sleeping places are limited. In this case, all males sleeping together face the same direction. Males enter vacant nests and attack any other males attempting to enter.
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Large African bullfrog (Pyxicephalus adspersus) males defend territories while small intimidated males move away and become satellite males. These smaller males use eavesdropping techniques and mate with females who are in range of their satellite location.
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For every 100 females, there were 130 males. [9 females, 12 males]. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 160 males.
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However, some males do not change color at the same time they change sex, therefore becoming female-mimic males (also termed initial phase males). During the initial phase, about 4% of the smaller parrotfish individuals are males.
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Older males have greater success in all of these areas than younger males. Some of the males display a more inferior role, termed by many researchers as the silent male status. These silent males adopt a submissive posture, sit near resident males and make no attempt to displace them. The silent males do not attempt to intercept females but are waiting for the territories to become vacant.
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Males will spend more time defending females than territory, suggesting that males view females as a more valuable resource than territories. Larger carcasses tend attract many males, some of which will defend distinct territories on the carcass. However, once the density of males surpasses a certain stage, fewer males will attempt to take control of territory; territorial behavior decreases as the intensity of competing males increases.
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In one study, out of 167 offspring, 45% were female and 55% were male, reflecting no significant difference from a 1:1 sex ratio. Within males, there are two morphs: small headed males and large headed males, with a 1:1 morph ratio (52.5% large headed males and 47.5% small headed males).
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This was over 44% of the parish males. Other occupation included retail, handicraft and non-agricultural labour with 7 males, and no males were in manufacturing.
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On the males and complemental males of certain Cirripedes, and on rudimentary structures.
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G. lacutris males prolong their mating in the presence of other males because they are guarding their female against harassment from the other males. It was found that males influence the duration of copulation while the females influence the copulation frequency.
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The faeders are sometimes mounted by independent or satellite males, but are as often "on top" in homosexual mountings as the ruffed males, suggesting that their true identity is known by the other males. Females never mount males. Females often seem to prefer mating with faeders to copulation with normal males, and normal males also copulate with faeders (and vice versa) relatively more often than with females. The homosexual copulations may attract females to the lek, like the presence of satellite males.
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Males measure and females in snout–vent length. The average tail length is for males and females, respectively. The males have white (unpigemented) testes and vasa deferentia.
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"Comparative anatomy of the male reproductive internal organs of 51 species of bees." Neotropical Entomology 33.5 (2004): 569-576. The males of A. maculosum differ from most other males of bee species because the males are significantly larger than females. In addition, subordinate males that act as satellites are smaller than territory- owning males.
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Here, harem males actively defend females during the breeding seasons and will attack satellite males that roost in the walls and ceilings of caves. However, they tolerate males who are subordinate to them in their harems. Satellite males are more common in large groups than smaller groups and dominant and subordinate males will cooperate to defend harem females. In large groups, dominant males may be the fathers of the subordinates.
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Males have thicker tails than females, but females have longer hind claws than males.
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Males and females are dimorphic in body mass, with females 40% heavier than males.
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Also, males have a visual sensor that turns on when conspecific males are around.
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Males are , while females are . Weight is for males, while it is for females.
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It lives in small groups of less than 4 females and 1 to 3 males. Unlike males, females interact closely: males rarely interact and try to show dominance.
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Immature males and females are very similar in appearance to the adult female. However, immature males, much like adult non-breeding males, are slightly larger than adult females.
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Among standard measurements, wing chord measures from in males and against S. o. vicarius in which wing chord is known to measure in males and . In tail length, males vary from and females from . The culmen from cere measures in males and .
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Males reach about at the shoulder, while females reach . Males typically weigh and females . The females and juveniles have a reddish- brown coat, while the males become yellowish grey or darker after the age of 2 years. Horns are present only on males.
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Females perform rejection behaviors when mounted by males, and may mate with larger males because larger males are more able to force the mating. As females are more likely to successfully reject smaller males, sexual selection favors larger ones. Mating behaviors are genetically influenced, as evidenced by a preference for smaller males among females of a certain genotype.
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For every 100 females, there were 107 males [14 females, 15 males]. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 150 males [8 females, 12 males]. The median income for a household in the CDP was $26,250, and the median income for a family was $26,250. Males had a median income of $51,250 versus $0 for females.
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It is especially observed in female children with light coloured hair. Females and males have differences in hair. There are knowledge gaps about loose anagen syndrome in males, and a 6 to 1 incidence ratio of females to males with loose anagen syndrome, respectively. Loose anagen syndrome may also be misdiagnosed in males, as males traditionally have short hair.
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In 2005 the interview found that the prevalence of circumcision in Australia was roughly 58%. Circumcision status was more common with males over 30 than males under 30, and more common with males who were born in Australia. 66% of males born in Australia were circumcised and less than 1/3 of males under 30 were circumcised.
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Longer interactions between males are typically territorial disputes. Larger males are typically more successful in territorial disputes with other males, as they have longer wing spans and are superior in size and weight to smaller males. Thus, larger males have a significantly higher chance of successfully mating a female. Temperature plays a role in male-male interactions as well.
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Some fish behave as female, others are called streaker males and have an opportunistic strategy while courting males behave like males in gonochristic species. Fish with lengths of less then are most commonly females while fish larger than that breed more often as courting males. The opportunistic streaker males tend to be smaller but can be of any size.
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Tahrs are polygynous, and males are subject to stiff competition for access to females. Young reproductive males roam and mate opportunistically (when larger males are not present), while more mature males (more than four years old) will engage in ritualistic behavior and fighting to secure mates. During mating season, reproductive males lose much of their fat reserves, while females and nonreproductive males do not, indicating a substantial cost to these behaviors. Factors that contribute to which males dominate include size, weight, and testosterone levels.
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During mating season, male behavior with respect to pursuing females is varied, with some males establishing territories close to nesting sites where females emerge and other males observing flowering sites nearby. Males do not normally engage in intrasexual aggression, though they do inspect each other. When a specific mate of interest is present, however, signs of aggression are evident among males. When several males become aware of a receptive female, all males try to mount her; the males do not assault each other directly.
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Males are more often affected than females. In males over the age of 40 about 6 per 1,000 are affected a year. Among males over 80 this increases 30%.
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Naive males are just as likely as larger males to win a non-physical opponent.
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Surprisingly, young males are often dominant over – or may just be tolerated by – adult males.
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Some sexually selected traits help males find females faster, and these individuals are at an advantage in contrast to those males lacking these traits. Evolution has allowed traits to be selected during sexual selection. These traits provide males an advantage to find females faster in contrast to those males lacking these traits. Sexual selection allows males to receive receptivity signals from females, in the form of pheromones which are detected by the males.
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Male-to-female change occurs when the females have preference for specific features in males. For example, females prefer large males, and a few large males mate with multiple females, whereas small males lose their chance to mate. Small males either choose to become sneakers (kleptogamy) or choose to transform into females because all females technically have high mating opportunities. By turning into females, males can ensure that they produce many offspring.
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One defining characteristic of D. anilis is the males' territorial behavior. Males defend egg-laying females as well as small carcasses where females feed and lay their eggs. Other males will challenge the territorial males for access to territory and/or females resulting in either take-over of the resource, or expulsion from the resource. Larger males are more likely to win resource conflicts, and the largest males tend to hold territories.
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The height of the ear measures in males and . The skulls of males measure in length, while those of females measure . Males average in weight, while females weigh less than . The stoat has large anal scent glands measuring in males and smaller in females.
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Adult males measure and adult females in snout–vent length. The legs are short. The tympanum is large in the males, larger than the eye. Males have distinct femoral glands.
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In White-faced capuchins (C. capucinus) males will often investigate, or at least tolerate, their offspring. Alpha males are also more likely to interact with their offspring than subordinate males.
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The appearance of XX males can fall into one of three categories: 1) males that have normal internal and external genitalia, 2) males with external ambiguities, and 3) males that have both internal and external genital ambiguities (also known as true hermaphrodites). External genital ambiguities can include hypospadias, micropenis, and clitoromegaly. Typically, the appearance of XX males differs from that of an XY male in that they are smaller in height and weight. Most XX males have small testes, are sterile, and have an increase in maldescended testicles compared to XY males.
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This type of polyandry occurs in eight fish species, including cichlids. Females can potentially direct the paternity of dominant, or alpha males and subordinate, or beta males by techniques such as cryptic female choice and sneaky copulation with subordinate males. Although dominant males potentially provide alleles which code for superior phenotypic traits, females also choose to mate with subordinate males because they provide more brood care than the larger dominant males. Subordinate males, or nest-helpers, can gain benefits from protecting the clutch such as food, protection, and successful paternity.
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Being actively territorial in the Serengeti is physically demanding for male impala, so males occupy this role for about 3 months. Males will then join a bachelor herd, though this results in them occupying a social dominance status at the bottom of the linear rank hierarchy until their physical condition returns to pre- territorial levels. Bachelor herds may coexist with territorial males in the same area, but these individual males are always dominant above bachelor males. Within the herds, bachelor males are less territorial toward each other than males in mixed herds.
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Males and females have different-sized bills, which is why it was thought that males fed more on bulbs than females do. To get to a bulb the Raso lark must use its beak to dig burrows in the sandy soil. New studies are showing that males consume more bulbs than females not because of the difference in bill size; males' bills are 20% larger than females' bills (Donald 2007); but males consume more bulbs because males control the territories (Donald 2007). Females can dig the burrows just as well as the males.
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54 (24): 407-462. (Hydrophis cantoris, p. 431). Total length males , females ; tail length males , females .
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Females normally live longer than the males but the males are faster growing and grow larger.
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They are more tolerant of younger males pestering them yet exhibit heightened aggression towards older males.
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Adolescent males can gain knowledge from adult males and acquire information about their new social methods.
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Males measure in snout–vent length. Texture of dorsal skin of males is shagreen with spinules.
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Some males are polygynous while others are monogamous. Polygynous males are usually more successful than monogamous males because breeding with multiple females increases their number of offspring. Males arrive earlier than females at breeding sites to establish territories and the ones defending territories with more nesting sites and food usually attract more females. Males are also the ones building the nests.
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The barks of territorial and non-territorial males sound similar, although those of the former are deeper. Males may bark when threatening other males or during courtship. The only other vocalization made by territorial males is a "prolonged hoarse grunt sound" made when an individual is startled by a human. This vocalization is also made by groups of non-reproductive males.
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Adult mockingbirds have solid pale grey or buff breasts, juveniles mottled Northern mockingbirds are famous for their song repertoires. Studies have shown that males sing songs at the beginning of breeding season to attract females. Unmated males sing songs in more directions and sing more bouts than mated males. In addition, unmated males perform more flight displays than mated males.
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It is likely that females mistake these males for sub-adults, or perceive that the males are physically damaged. Moreover, in a feral peafowl population, there is little variation in the number of eyespots in adult males. It is rare for adult males to lose a significant number of eyespots. Therefore, females' selection might depend on other sexual traits of males' trains.
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Female struggle is a by-product of female resistance. The population of pygmy fish Xiphophorus pygmaeus or pygmy sword-tail fish initially consisted of small males. A study tested female choice using large hetero-specific males. They found that the female pigmy swordtail fish favored larger sized males, indicating that females changed their preference from small males to large males.
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Gamma males are the smallest males and mimic juveniles. This also allows them to mate with the females without the alpha males detecting them. Similarly, among common side-blotched lizards, some males mimic the yellow throat coloration and even mating rejection behaviour of the other sex to sneak matings with guarded females. These males look and behave like unreceptive females.
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In addition, females demonstrate definite preferences for certain males, and rival males heed these preferences. The less a female favors her harem males, the more likely she will be successfully taken by a rival. Young males, often "follower" males, may start their own harems by maneuvering immature females into following them.Kummer 2001 The male may also abduct a young female by force.
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Social behaviors of cowbird males include aggressive, competitive singing bouts with other males and pair-bonding and monogamy with females. By manipulating demographics so juveniles only had access to females, juvenile males developed atypical social behavior; they did not engage in the typical social singing bouts with other males, did not pair bond with females, and were promiscuous. This demonstrates that there is great flexibility in the behavior of cowbirds, and that the social environment is extremely important in structuring their behavior. Adult males housed with juvenile males were shown to have greater reproductive success compared to adult males housed with other adult males.
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This small body size makes cheating easier. The paired males most of the time think that the sneakers are females, thus the paired males do not chase the sneakers away. The paired males are called “bourgeois” males, because they are larger, stronger, and most importantly, paired.
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The mating system of T. akamusi consists of two alternative tactics–one is swarming and the other is ground searching. Swarming is when males wait for mates in an aerial swarm in the air. Ground searching is when males actively search for mates on vegetation. A study on males’ wing length and their mating tactics has found that large males tended to form groups in swarms, where the larger males among the swarming males mated with more females.
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In 1519 there were 38 adult males living in Ardeh (22 Christians and 16 Muslims) and in 1571 they increased to 62 adult males (44 Christians and 18 Muslims), in 1849 it counted 139 males living in 44 houses. During the early 20th century, Ardeh was inhabited by 150 Maronite males, 20 Orthodox males and 15 Muslim males. In the 1932 census, there were 147 houses in Ardeh. Ardeh's official residents records counted 4554 and 5078 registered voters.
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When there is a high density of males in an area, they will fight over access to the females, with the larger males usually succeeding and gaining access to the female. Calling also decreases when densities are high, with larger males calling much more frequently than smaller males. Smaller males may refrain from calling in order to conserve energy. Energy is limited due to their size and would only be wasted by trying to compete with larger males.
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According to Hrdy's many males hypothesis, sexual swellings enable a female to attract multiple different males as mating partners. This is attributed to males having an instinctive attraction to the swellings. By mating with several males across their menstrual cycle in this manner, a female can increase the males' parental uncertainty. Parental uncertainty describes the eventuality where males are uncertain as to whether the offspring of the female they have mated with is genetically his own.
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Princeton University Press. The wingspan may range from . Body mass can vary in males from and in females from . The average weight of five adult males was while another five males averaged .
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Males weigh about and females weight about . It lives in groups with multiple males and females. It reaches sexual maturity at 18 months. Both males and females emigrate from their natal group.
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Maximum total body length is 58 cm (males), and 43 cm (females); maximum carapace lengths 23.5 cm (males), 18 cm (females); minimum legal carapace lengths 10 cm (males), and 9 cm (females).
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In 2017 males made up 91.9% of prisoners, despite males only being roughly half the adult population.
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Drawing of a marmoset Common marmosets are very small monkeys with relatively long tails. Males and females are of similar size with males being slightly larger. Males have an average height of and females have an average height of . Males weigh on average and females weigh on average.
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Sexual dimorphism in size is pronounced, with males being roughly 25% larger than females and 1.5-2.0 times their weight. On average, males measure in body length, while females measure . The tail measures in males and in females. In males, the hind foot measures , while in females it is .
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Females can grow to in snout–vent length, males are considerable smaller. In a sample of 32 males and 6 females representing several populations, adult males measured and adult females in snout–vent length. The snout is protruding in vertical view. Males have larger tympanum compared to females.
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Males will occasionally consume eggs from their own clutch, likely to provide supplemental nourishment while guarding their nests. Calling males eat less prey than quiet males, which consume most of their food by midnight, while calling males had eaten only 18% of their food by the same hour.
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Overall, there were 93 males for every 100 females in the country. Only in Kachin State were there more males than females; in Kayah and Shan State the numbers of males and females were almost equal. The rest of the states and regions had more females than males.
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Males, when found in areas with few females, abandon an aggregation to find a new mate. The males excrete an aggregation pheromone into the air that attracts virgin females and arrests other males.
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It has small pointed ears ranging from in females and in males. The hindfoot of females measures maximum and of males maximum . Its shoulder height is less than . Females weigh between and males .
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A ratio below 1, for example 0.8, means there are 0.8 males for every 1 female (more females than males). A ratio of 1 means there are equal numbers of males and females.
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A part of them were formerly serfs (10,447,149 males in 1858) – the remainder being " state peasants " (9,194,891 males in 1858, exclusive of the Archangel Governorate) and " domain peasants " (842,740 males the same year).
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As a result, the female remating rate decreased significantly upon introduction of foreign males. Females are most resistant to males they coevolved with in local conditions, but show limited defense against foreign males.
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Adult males measure , subadult males , and subadult females in snout–vent length. The snout is rounded. The tympanum is not very distinct whereas the supratymapnic fold is prominent. Adult males have enlarged forelimbs.
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Adult males are long, while females reach . The tail in males reaches in length, while that of females reaches . Males weigh , while females weigh . Exceptionally large individuals were sighted in the Baraba steppe.
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This strategy is effective against "usurper" males with orange throats, but ineffective against blue throated "guarder" males, which chase them away. Female spotted hyenas have pseudo- penises that make them look like males.
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Though large aggregations of males are generally more successful, there may be costs of joining that would prevent males from joining. As group size increases, there may be increasingly antagonistic interactions between males. Those males that are not dominant within the group may suffer more from these conflicts, outweighing the benefits of joining the lek. These males may be forced off of display sites.
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Insect Mating (Not C. frigida) Mating behavior in C. frigida is dictated by larger males attempting to copulate with smaller females. Larger males have an increased mating success rate than their smaller counterparts. Thus, sexual selection tends to favor males that are larger or can latch on to females more tightly. This sexual selection for larger males is countered by natural selection for smaller males.
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Elephant seal males establish dominance hierarchies with the highest ranking males—the alpha males—maintaining harems of as many as 30–100 females. These males commonly disrupt the copulations of their subordinates while they themselves can mount without inference. They will, however, break off mating to chase off a rival. Grey seal males usually claim a location among a cluster of females whose members may change over time, while males of some walrus populations try to monopolize access to female herds.
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Approximately 19 per cent of Hong Kong males smoke whereas in China 53 per cent of males smoke.
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Although the plumage is identical between males and females, males are slightly longer winged and have longer tarsi.
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Males grow to and females to in snout–vent length. Adult males have vocal slits and nuptial pads.
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Previous studies have suggested that males make a nutrient investment during copulation. This idea agrees with the sexual selection theory, which predicts that females would act in ways to maximize the nutrient material they receive and predicts that males would act in ways to maximize the return on their investments. Studies support this theory by showing that younger males (males with less wing wear) are more successful in courtship than older males, males accepted by females are significantly less variable in size than males rejected by females, persistence increases a male's chance of copulating up to a point, and the size of females accepted by males is less variable than that of rejected females.Rutowski, Ronald L. (1985).
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Soldier beetle filmed in Hesse, Germany Large males of the soldier beetle exercise choice for larger females. Body size correlates with the abilities of males to secure females, and of females to evade males.
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Males are slightly longer than the females, growing to about long and averaging in length. Males have much wider chests, necks, and general forebody structure. Males can weigh between , weighing on average .Keranen, Danielle.
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It can also be found in the aquarium trade. Symphodus ocellatus These fish live about two to three years. There are three distinct male forms. There are nesting males, sneaker males, and satellite males.
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In the eastern Atlantic, males mature at around across and females at . In the western Atlantic, males mature at around across and females at . Females mature later than males and reach a larger size.
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Males and females look quite similar. Two differences are that the separation between the eyes is usually wider in males, and the bristles on the upper part of the leg are shorter in males.
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Only about 6% of males were seen outside leks, demonstrating a clear benefit to grouping; grouped males have a greater per capita probability of encountering receptive females than do isolated males. As many as 70 males of H. mycetophaga have been observed on a single bracket fungus at one time.
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For every 100 males there were 98.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.7 males. The median income for a household in the city was $45,662, and the median income for a family was $55,125. Males had a median income of $31,371 versus $21,394 for females.
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Males are larger than females. Males measure 19.83 cm in length, while females are 18.82 cm, a centimetre smaller. This sexual dimorphism is almost absent in B. granti, as both males and females are about 19 cm long. The tail length is 14.4 cm in males, and 14.16 cm in females.
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In these tests, male bees still dug up the dead females, proving that pheromone signaling is the only pathway. Males have also been observed to dig up other males. This shows that males and virgin females give off similar pheromones. Oddly, males also sometimes dig up other digger bee species.
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In the first year there are 1667 males, and 1208 females. The second year has 1360 males and 1286 females. In the third year there are 1213 males, 1194 females, and in the fourth year 1021 males and 659 females. There are 287 classes, with 33,5 students in a class.
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Both males and females display typical agamid behaviour such as basking, arm-waving and head-bobbing. Fast arm-waving signals dominance, while slow arm-waving signals submission. Males are territorial, and in areas of higher population density, males exhibit displays of aggression toward other males including posturing, chasing and fighting.
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Scientists have for a long time been interested in the relationship between testosterone and aggressive behavior. In most species, males are more aggressive than females. Castration of males usually has a pacifying effect on aggressive behavior in males. In humans, males engage in crime and especially violent crime more than females.
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Females are larger than males. Breeding males have a glandular swelling on the wrist. Males and females are otherwise similar. The largest species is Synapturanus mirandaribeiroi, which reaches a snout–vent length of at least .
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Sambar hind with young stag. Courtship is based more on tending bonds rather than males vocally advertising themselves. Females move widely among breeding territories seeking males to court. When mounting, males do not clasp females.
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The West African Dwarf goat is achondroplastic, with a typical height of . Adult males weigh and females . Both sexes have horns, which curve outwards and backwards in males. Males also have beards and sometimes manes.
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Bailey's pocket mouse has an adult length of between , males being larger than females. Males average while females average .
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Heinemann, London. Different forms of sexual selection are possible, including rivalry among males, and selection of females by males.
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They found that 45% of African American males were reincarcerated and 28% of non-African American males were reincarcerated.
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Although this trait may be in both females and males, it is always in females and rarely in males.
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Males start calling shortly after dark. The call is a loud rattle, with males responding to each other's calls.
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Additionally, females are aggressive to adult males following the breeding season as well as to juvenile males post-weaning.
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This species is ovoviviparous, with males carrying eggs before giving birth to live young. Males may brood at around .
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When antlers were removed or shortened the larger males were still more successful in encounters with other males (larger males won 75 percent of the time). However, larger males with their antlers removed engaged more often in energy-consuming stilting contests than males of comparable size with intact antlers. This suggests that the males do use antler size to judge to size of their opponent when deciding whether to engage in a fight. A similar phenomenon is seen in other parts of the animal kingdom.
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Young T. bifasciatum A specific social system exists within the males - terminal phase males (which are the most aggressive and have the "highest" ranking among the males) and initial phase males (which mate when they can get a chance in a larger group). Color change of the T. bifasciatum indicates their motive or role. When terminal phase males chase initial phase males, their color changes to a metallic green, whereas when they are courting a female, they become pink/grey and form black circles on their fins.
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There are more terminal phase males than initial phase males on smaller reefs, on which they guard a small number of females. However, on larger reefs, there are equal proportions of initial phase and terminal phase males. This increases the chances of initial phase males to mate because they are less aggressive compared to terminal phase males. Sex change has been studied in bluehead wrasses primarily using field manipulations, where it can be induced in large females by removing dominant terminal phase males from small reefs.
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Male Japanese rhinoceros beetles, (Allomyrina dichotoma) fight to dominate sap sites. Males use their horns to pry rival males off the area, and gives them the chance to mate with the female. In this and other species that defend mating sites, larger males with larger horns mate more frequently, as they win more contests. Small males often avoid larger males and exhibit alternative strategies gain access to females.
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In addition to the territorial males, there may be many "floater" males that attempt to copulate with females. Females may copulate more often with receiver males to ensure clutch survival while also copulating with non-receivers to maintain their harem. The fitness cost of clutches destroyed by receivers is much higher than losing males from her harem. Males make a yelling call to gain the attention of females.
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Mature males may compete for fertilization opportunities with females due to the existence of a dominance hierarchy in competitive breeders. Studies have suggested that socially subordinate helper males sneak fertilizations from dominant breeding males. If sneaking does happen, then sperm competition will select for increased reproductive investment by subordinate sneaking males, relative to those of dominant males. This reproductive investment exists in daffodil cichlids in the form of reproductive suppression.
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The goal of males is to displace the sperm of other males as much as possible. Larger males tend to have longer copulation times and greater rates of sperm displacement. The fertilization success of males that were secondary mates increased as their body size relative to the first male increased. Traits such as body size, testis size, and sperm length are variable, as well as heritable in S. stercoraria males.
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One of the possible purposes behind this mechanism is to increase the reproductive advantage of females that do not have to care for young, allowing them more opportunities to spawn. For males, reproductive advantage goes to the more dominant males. Males have differential levels of gonadotropic hormones responsible for spermatogenesis, with dominant males having higher levels of the hormone. Thus, selection has favored larger sperm production with more successful males.
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This species has an overall sex ratio of 2:1 for males to females, so males outnumber females. Males of the species complex are attracted to vertebrate host odors called kairomones and collectively form nocturnal aggregations called leks near the hosts. Females, unlike males, are haematophagous and are attracted to the lek both by the kairomones secreted from the host, as well as the sex pheromones secreted by the males.
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Furthermore, yellow males show higher sperm counts than the red lizards. Yellow males generally have larger- sized testes than red males, and they copulate for shorter periods of time. When the yellow males mate, they have, on average, three times as many offspring as their red counterparts. This dually high survivability among both red and yellow males may be why both colour morphs are maintained in painted dragon populations.
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Males and females prefer different foraging sites. While males usually hover among the higher shrub foliage between , females tend to forage at lower strata. The time within a breeding season influences where the males forage. When it is time to feed the fledglings, males come down to the same foraging strata as females.
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After mating the females leave the nest and the males stay. The males will no longer perform maintenance on the nest once the eggs are deposited. Males will care for the eggs and protect them until they hatch. They will chase off predators or other rival males that come to the nest.
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Calling males gather in small shallow ponds, irrigation canals and ditches, rice and corn fields. They form choruses consisting of about 20 males. The calling males maintain a minimum distance of about 0.7 meters. At decreasing calling activity during the year, males continue to form choruses, but the number of choruses decreases.
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Sexual reproduction in Oedogonium is oogamous; and can be monoecious or dioecious. Species may either be macrandrous (lacking dwarf males) or nannandrous (possessing dwarf males). Dwarf males are small, short, antheridium-producing filaments attached near the oogonia (female sex organ). These dwarf males are derived by repeated cell division of multiflagellate androspores.
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Larger males have the advantage, displacing smaller males from the preferred territories over the course of the mating season. Males occur in great abundance during mating season; females are rarely seen. The operational sex ratio during this time is highly skewed towards males. In some ways, H. ustulata’s mating system resembles lek polygyny.
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Variability in attractiveness of male field crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) to females. Anim. Behav. 35, 1240-1248. showed that female G. pennsylvanicus were more attracted to calling song produced by older males than that of younger males. Males found paired with females in the field were also older than unpaired calling males nearby.
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Females bear young every two to four years. Among males, mating is not restricted to only dominant individuals. In one study at Barro Colorado Island, all males in the group were observed mating at least once over a one-year period. However, dominant males appear to mate more often than low-ranking males.
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Males are territorial and monogamous. Males will stay away from the females before mating and during the incubation period. At all other times, males will roost alongside the females. While females are brooding on the ground, the males will sit near the ground for two weeks and then leave to roost elsewhere.
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A total of 933 actors appear in the list—469 males and 464 females. Non-winning nominees include 317 males and 312 females—a total of 629. One time winners include 130 males and 132 females—a total of 262. Only 43 actors—22 males and 21 females—are multiple Academy Award winners.
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Females transition into male fish, known as secondary males, at a length of between . Secondary males can be told from primary males by examination of their gonads. The male digs a burrow and guards the nest.
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This is because males who become vagrant will have a higher chance of intercepting a wandering female in competition with other vagrant males. This leads to shorter male-male interactions as males are not defending territory.
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Divorce has little influence on the likelihood of males moving away from their original nest site. The study found that males that keep the same mate do not move significantly smaller distances than males that divorce.
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For every 100 females, there were 93.2 males. For every 100 females (age 18 and over), there were 90.7 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 99.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.3 males.
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In young males and females the shield may be small, but in old males it becomes an elaborate, flashy structure.
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For every 100 females, there were 98.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.4 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 98.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.3 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 92.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.3 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 101.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.1 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 99.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.4 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 107.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.9 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 200.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 225.0 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 78.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 128.0 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 117.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 119.4 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 104.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.1 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 89.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.5 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 94.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.3 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 97.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.0 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 95.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.2 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 89.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.0 males.
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For every 100 females there were 150.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 191.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 235.8 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 64.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 62.0 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.8 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 102.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.9 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 99.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.3 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 112.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.1 males.
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For every 100 females there were 90.11 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.60 males.
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For every 100 females there were 99.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.00 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 97.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.20 males.
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For every 100 females there were 98.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.90 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 98.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.90 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 91.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.7 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 91.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.2 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.1 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 79.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.9 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 116.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 120.70 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 91.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.8 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 89.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.5 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 118.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 122.60 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 109 males; for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 110 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 104.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.30 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 90.00 males; for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.20 males.
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There were also more males than females living in Blindbothel in 2011, as there were 83 females and 91 males.
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The legs are yellow. Females are brighter than the males. In the males the last two bands are often blurred.
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For every 100 females, there were 85.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.0 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 101.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.6 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 112.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.4 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 79.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 72.8 males.
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For every 100 females there were 96.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.0 males.
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The dominant males have a harem of females but other males will sneakily mate with the females when they can.
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For every 100 females, there were 102 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.7 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 105.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.9 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 91.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.5 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 99.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.1 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 110.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.9 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 98.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.0 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.7 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 96.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.3 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 95.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.5 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 83.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.4 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 96.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.9 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 98.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.6 males.
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For every 100 females there were 90.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.40 males.
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Whereas, Whatley and Riggio (1993) found that males blame the victim more than females even when the victims are males.
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For every 100 females, there were 74.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.9 males.
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For every 100 females there were 95.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.70 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 88.7 males. For every 100 females age 13 and over, there were 84.8 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 94.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.50 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.5 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 84.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.5 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 109.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.9 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 97.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.0 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 94.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.3 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 88.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.9 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 114.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.3 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 97.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.7 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 97.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.8 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 101.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 55.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 53.2 males.
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For every 100 females, there were 97.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.6 males.
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Most males of X. sonorina did not exhibit site fidelity, while few males exhibited strong attachment to their original sites.
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For every 100 females, there were 105.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.3 males.
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Large size in females leads to higher fecundity and larger offspring; as a result male mate choice favours larger females. Large size is also favoured in males because larger males tend to be more successful at reproducing, both because of their size advantage in endurance rivalry and their advantage in sperm competition because larger males are able to produce more sperm. One reason that males are so much smaller in Eunectes is that large males can be confused for females, which interferes with their ability to mate when smaller males mistakenly coil them in breeding balls; as a result, there is an optimum size for males where they are large enough to successfully compete, but not large enough to risk other males trying to mate with them.
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Males are significantly larger than females, with a total body length of , compared with in females. The tail is short and hairless, reaching in length, and only marginally longer in males. Adults males weigh from and females .
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The mountain nyala is a large sexually dimorphic bovid. The head-and-body length is approximately in males and in females. The males are typically tall while females stand at the shoulder. Males weigh and females weigh .
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As of 2001 census, the village has the total population of 8884 with 4773 males and 4111 females thus males constitutes 54% and females 46% of population with the sex ratio of 861 females per thousand males.
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Females and males in adulthood or easy to tell apart due to males usually having just abit brighter coloring. However, when they haven't metamorphosed yet, males and females are practically indistinguishable as all the tadpoles look identical.
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The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.5 males. Males had a median income of $51,944 versus $36,197 for females.
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S146, pp. 131–151. . The amount of sex pheromone released by males decreases as the number of matings increase. It has been shown that females reject males with lower pheromone levels. Females reject males in multiple ways.
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The tragelaphines, cattle, sheep, and goats are gregarious and not territorial. In these species, males must gain absolute dominance over all other males, and fights are not confined to territories. Males, therefore, spend years in body growth.
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Females are half the size of males, which is unusual since in most amphibian species females are larger than males, to help the amplexus. Males can reach in snout–to–vent length, while females are much smaller.
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These horns are used for dominance disputes between males. The males also have distinguished black beards. The length of the walia ibex beard varies with age. The older males have longer, thicker beards than the young ones .
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Dominant males have higher mating success and also provide females with more ejaculate, and females are more likely to use the sperm of dominant males for fertilization. In mating, female rats show a clear mating preference for unknown males versus males that they have already mated with (also known as the Coolidge effect), and will often resume copulatory behavior when introduced to a novel sexual partner. Females also prefer to mate with males who have not experienced social stress during adolescence, and can determine which males were stressed even without any observed difference in sexual performance of males experiencing stress during adolescence and not.
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Upon locating females, the reception of female skin lipid pheromones by tongue-flicking males is necessary for males to continue courtship and mating. Turtle-headed sea snakes are sexually dimorphic: the females of this species grow larger than males, and the rugosity of the scales is also greatly increased in males compared to females.
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The ring-tailed lemur will sit facing the sun to warm itself in the mornings. For males, social structure changes can be seasonal. During the six-month period between December and May a few males immigrate between groups. Established males transfer on average every 3.5 years, although young males may transfer approximately every 1.4 years.
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The songs of males have variants for inviting mates and for deterring other males. Males will drive away other males and patrol their territory by flying with slow wing beats from perch to perch. They may sometimes peck at their reflections. An aggressive display involves fluffing up the feathers and holding the bill high.
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The call lasts about a second and can be described as a low-pitched whoop. Males have two breeding strategies, depending on their age. Young males congregate in a small area, perhaps only of shallow water. The larger males occupy the center of these breeding arenas or leks and attempt to chase off other males.
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Estradiol steroids and their receptors are present in the same areas already concluded to be involved in male midshipman calling. There are three genders of midshipman fish: females, type I males, and type II males. Type I and type II males have different reproductive strategies, and can be distinguished from each other based on physical characteristics. Type I males are eight times larger in body mass, and have much larger vocal organs. Type II males’ reproductive organs are seven times larger in size than those of type I males.
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This also occurs in hamadryas, savanna, and olive baboons, where males and females form friendships where the female gets male protection. In northern elephant seals, the females give loud cries when mounted by undesirable or subordinate males, which attract dominant males to help. A similar phenomenon occurs in elephants, bighorn sheep, and fallow deer, where the females stay close to dominant males for protection. Females can also form alliances with other females for protection against aggressive males. In African vervet monkeys, related females often form groups and “gang up” on males.
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These external conditions depend on the amount of competition between males of the species. When competition rates are low, males mate opportunistically with as many females as possible. When competition between males is high, larger males choose to mate with a large female as opposed to the smaller males who choose to mate with any female. The belief is that the advantages of larger size in competition, will give the larger males an opportunity to increase their paternal success by allowing them to be more selective of females.
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Bonobo (Pan paniscus) mother and infant at Lola ya Bonobo Observations in the wild indicate that the males among the related common chimpanzee communities are hostile to males from outside the community. Parties of males 'patrol' for the neighboring males that might be traveling alone, and attack those single males, often killing them. This does not appear to be the behavior of bonobo males or females, which seem to prefer sexual contact over violent confrontation with outsiders. While bonobos are more peaceful than chimpanzees, it is not true that they are unaggressive.
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All male T. oceanicus males are attracted to the song of other males, but wild type males usually distance themselves from the caller by at least 1 meter. Flatwing males in the field move towards a calling song source at a faster rate and settle closer when compared to wild type males. : Once a flatwing male successfully intercepts a female, he is not able to produce the courtship song to evoke the female to mount. In order for flatwing males to persist in a population, changes in female preferences must have occurred.
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Males associate more closely with females that are fertile, a state most likely noticed through olfactory cues. While middle/high-ranking males associate with high-ranking females, low- ranking males associate equally with high and low-ranking females. Associating with low-ranking females may be due to low-ranking males failing to recognize the reproductive success of high-ranking females or using a different type of reproductive strategy. Males tend to spend lot of time with the female they mate with before conception to avoid other males coming in close contact with her.
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Competition takes place among males to acquire dominance, and fights tend to be more rigorous in limited rutting seasons. With the exception of migratory males, males generally hold the same territory throughout their lives. In the waterbuck, some male individuals, known as "satellite males", may be allowed into the territories of other males and have to wait till the owner grows old so they may acquire his territory. Lek mating, where males gather together and competitively display to potential mates, is known to exist among topis, kobs, and lechwes.
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The male services hypothesis proposes that sexual swellings lead to direct benefits for the female by encouraging dominant males to engage in consortship behaviours (i.e. forming a partnership). Swellings elicit mate guarding behaviours from males who want to increase their chances of siring the swollen female's offspring, resulting in dominant males acting like bodyguards, to reduce and prevent harassment from other males in the social group. Females may also benefit in that dominant males may later protect the resulting offspring, reducing the threat of infanticide from other males.
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Heinemann, London. Once the females begin to select males according to any particular characteristic, such as a long tail or a colored crest, that characteristic is emphasized more and more in the males. Eventually all the males will have the characteristics that the females are sexually selecting for, as only those males can reproduce. This mechanism is powerful enough to create features that are strongly disadvantageous to the males in other ways.
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The mechanism for reducing stress may be explained by the social relationships (and support) that are formed by grooming. Male Barbary macaques interfere in conflicts and form coalitions with other males, usually with related males rather than with unrelated males. These relationships suggest that males do so in order to indirectly increase their own fitness. Furthermore, males form coalitions with closely related kin more often than they do with distantly related kin.
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These coalitions are not permanent and may change frequently as male ranking within the group changes. Although males are more likely to form coalitions with males who have helped them in the past, this is not as important as relatedness in determining coalitions. Males avoid conflicting with higher ranking males and will more frequently form coalitions with the higher ranking male in a conflict. Close grouping of males occur when infant Barbary macaques are present.
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When in average or low population densities, males establish conventional territories and do not travel much. Adult males try to establish their territories in the best habitat available, which are inhabited by herds of females and their young. Herds are fluid and change in size and structure as individuals travel to find green vegetation. Other males, particularly young males, live in bachelor herds and are segregated from the females by the territorial males.
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Males have specific scent organs called hair-pencils that contain benzyl alcohol in young males as well as benzaldehyde and acetic acid. Female antennae can detect benzaldehyde and acetic acid. It has been shown that females are more likely to choose males with intact hair-pencils than males with hair-pencils removed. However, these scent organs are not necessary for copulation as a significant portion of females will still mate with males with no hairpencils.
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However, males are the limiting sex because they can only carry a certain number of eggs in their brood pouch at one time. In contrast, females produce more eggs than they can deposit, so they have unlimited success. Furthermore, sexual selection acts on body size, selecting for larger males. Larger males can carry more eggs and have more female mates, and thus the larger males have a higher reproductive success than the smaller males.
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Males have a dominance hierarchy, with the alpha males being generally older than subordinates. Females seek matings with all the males, although the alpha male may defend her against matings from lower ranking males. In turn, males seek matings with all the females. DNA fingerprinting has been used to show that, within broods, there is often mixed paternity, although the female is always the true mother of the nestlings raised within her nest.
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Male chasing is a part of courtship for the Poecilobothrus nobilitatus species. Males pursue members of both sexes during courtship displays around the edges of ponds. Male Poecilobothrus nobilitatus participate in two types of male chasing. There are "flat out chases" with other males, in which males chase other males using rotation and fast forward flight. There are also less aggressive chasing methods that males do to females for courtship called “shadowing”.
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These mating plugs are placed within the female cloaca instantly after copulation, which was hypothesized to function as a "chastity belt." However, the study found no evidence to support the hypothesis, as males were able to displace the mating plugs of other males. There is no direct conflict between males and females, but males may evolve manipulative traits to counter the removal of their mating plugs. Males also develop different behaviors for paternity assurance.
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A. ludens males follow a lek mating strategy in which they provide no parental care for offspring. Males mating strategy involves claiming a territory and defending it from other males through sounds and physical actions. Ideal territories for males are under the leaves of trees that produce citrus fruit. Males deposit their pheromones through their mouth and anus onto the underside of leaves, and they emit an aggressive song by quickly vibrating their wings.
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The 1966 Woolley study on Antechinus spp. noticed that males were only able to be maintained past mating in the laboratory and no senile males were found in the wild, suggesting that all males die shortly after mating.
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Long-tailed widowbirds exhibit distinct sexual dimorphism. Males and females exhibit differences in behavior and morphological traits. Adult males are entirely black, including under their wing-coverts. Males' wing shoulders are orange red and their wing-coverts white.
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In 2001, the village had the total population of 3,485 with 588 households, 1,791 males and 1,694 females. Thus males constitutes 51.4% and females 48.6% of total population with the sex ratio of 945 females per thousand males.
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This species shows an unusual sexual polymorphism, as some males in each population are smaller than other males and resemble females.
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Raipura has almost 3,404 literates including 1,988 Males and 1,416 Females. There are 2,022 illiterates including 829 Males and 1,193 females.
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The adult males usually change burrows every two days as a consequence of scarce mates or frequent attacks from other males.
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It is a protogynous hermaphrodite and it may have no initial phase males and there might only be terminal phase males.
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There is little sexual dimorphism between males and females except during breeding season, when males have bright orange-red fin tips.
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Males are larger than females in wing length, weight, and bill-size. Males have black throats, while females have olive green.
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58–65 article The males will sometimes also perform sex with males from the tucuxi species, a type of small porpoise.
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At physical maturity, females average and males . At sexual maturity, females average and males . Calves are estimated to be at birth.
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The throat is dark brown in males and may be spotted with brown in females. Males have a subgular vocal sac.
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Lysiosquillina maculata also displays sexual dimorphism, with males having larger raptorial appendages, although males and females have similar overall body sizes.
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Young females mated foremost with males within their home ranges. Older females selected males at the periphery of their home ranges.
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The olive-grey colouration and pattern of nondominant males, females, and juveniles underlies the more colourful pattern of the dominant males.
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It can live in groups of multiple males and females, one male and multiple females or multiple males with no females, and males can also live alone without a group. Single male groups are most common. Group size can exceed 100 monkeys. Upon reaching maturity, males typically emigrate from their natal group while females typically remain.
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In hairy-legged vampire bats, the hierarchical segregation of nonresident males appears less strict than in common vampire bats. Nonresident males are accepted into the harems when the ambient temperature lowers. This behavior suggests social thermoregulation. Resident males mate with the females in their harems, and it is less common for outside males to copulate with the females.
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New logs are usually colonized by wandering males. The pheromones emitted by the first male to reach a log attract additional males, as well as females. It is assumed that males are attracted by other males because their high density increases the attraction of females. During reproduction, the male places its spermatophore on the female's skin.
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Bachelor roosts are used by males without harems, with females joining seasonally. Males are territorial of their roosts, and will often fight other intruding males by means of boxing. Males follow a pattern of behavioral stages before fighting. This entails ear movements, head lifts, neck craning, wing unfolding, punch mimicking, and finally boxing with each other.
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Pagai Island macaque males are generally larger than females. The males' body lengths range from 45–55 cm and females' body lengths are around 40–45 cm. Tail length is 13–16 cm for males and 10–13 cm for females. Males are also heavier, weighing around 6–9 kg while females weigh 4.5–6 kg.
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Different males may employ various means to rise in rank. Coalition formation between unrelated males to oust a more dominant male has been observed. Males often move from troop to troop to gain higher rank with the resulting benefits. However, males remaining in a single troop have been observed to rise to become dominant male of that troop.
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Male sockeye salmon Aggressive behavior displayed by dominant males is predominantly directed towards intruding dominant males. Sometimes sockeye salmon males behave aggressively towards subordinate males. These encounters are short, with the intruding male leaving after one or two aggressive interactions. Spawning females direct their aggression primarily towards intruding females or other spawning females that are close by.
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Male T. commodus use advertisement calling to attract mates. Inbred males call less often than out- bred males. Female T. commodus prefer males with a more frequent calling effort, so that inbred males suffer reductions in mating success. Male calling rate likely serves as an indicator to females of genome-wide heterozygosity and/or male condition.
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Females may also lead in turns. Some males either form bachelor groups or roam alone. Herds may congregate to form associations of hundreds of camels during migrations at the time of natural disasters. The males of the herd prevent female members from interacting with bachelor males by standing or walking between them and sometimes driving the bachelor males away.
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Cord silk are thick, tan strands and are usually short. Females are able to tell the difference between silk from courting males and from non-courting males. When females are in the presence of courting males, they deposit more attachment disks and dragline silk. Cord silk deposition does not differ with the presence of courting or non-courting males.
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In both equine social systems, excess males gather in bachelor groups. These are typically young males that are not yet ready to establish a harem or territory. With the plains zebra, the males in a bachelor group have strong bonds and have a linear dominance hierarchy. Fights between males usually occur over estrous females and involve biting and kicking.
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Polygynandry occurs when multiple males mate indiscriminately with multiple females. The numbers of males and females need not be equal, and in vertebrate species studied so far, there are usually fewer males. Two examples of systems in primates are promiscuous mating chimpanzees and bonobos. These species live in social groups consisting of several males and several females.
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In southern Africa, M. birostris males mature at while females reach maturity slightly over that. In Indonesia, M. birostris males appear to mature at , while female mature around . In southern Africa, M. alfredi matures at widths of for males and for females. In the Maldives, males of M. alfredi mature at a width of , while females mature at .
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The male mating behavior has two key characteristics: desertion of the primary female and polyterritoriality. The males travel large distances, an average of , to find his second mate. After breeding with the secondary female, the males return to their first mate. The males of this species are polyterritorial; the males will acquire multiple nest sites to attract a female.
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Kenyan males: 4.0 percent versus 25.4 percent. Lesothoan males: 26.3 percent versus 28.8 percent. Tanzanian males: 8.5 percent versus 10.8 percent. Similarly, a randomized, controlled intervention trial in South Africa from 2005 found that male circumcision "provides a degree of protection against acquiring HIV infection [by males], equivalent to what a vaccine of high efficacy would have achieved".
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Auburn, Alabama, 347 pp. Sexual dimorphism is evident in this species. Females are roughly twice the size of males. Also, females' carapaces tend to be higher than those of males, though the males have longer tails than the females.
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The wingspan of this moth is . Like most Lepidoptera, females are on average larger than males. Males are darkly pigmented, while females are more brightly colored. The males and females both have tan on the edges of their wings.
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When environmental condition deteriorate (e.g. crowding), some of the asexually produced offspring develop into males. The females start producing haploid sexual eggs, which the males fertilise. In species without males, resting eggs are also produced asexually and are diploid.
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The Gulf War forced the young emigrants to return. Some of them left for Canada. Michel Khoury a famous painter now living in Fredericton. In 1555, Kfarchakhna counted 34 males, 51 males in 1849 and 100 males in 1906.
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Resident males appear to be territorial and dominate others with their larger body size. Alpha males tend to establish their territories close to breeding females, while younger males are subordinate until they mature and reach full size.Moyal, p. 191 .
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The 2014 the large majority of crime in New Zealand that was prosecuted was committed by males. In 2014, just under 33,000 females were apprehended by police compared to 122,800 males, a ratio of one female to 3.72 males.
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Males and females are similar in size and color. Males weigh about 41.0 grams and females weigh about 36.6 g. The average wingspan of males and females is 96.9 and 92.1 mm, respectively.Garrido, O., J. Wiley, A. Kirkconnell. 2005.
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One case study conducted in São Paulo found that 75 percent of FIV-infected cats were males. Higher rates of infection in males than females occurs due to biting being more frequently engaged in by males defending their territory.
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In 2001, Buttar Sivia had the total population of 5,623 with 1000 households, 2,995 males and 2,628 females. Thus males constitutes 53% and females 47% of the total population with the sex ratio of 877 females per thousand males.
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Males and females are different in many ways. Males rove frequently, searching for prey and for mates. Females, however, spend the majority of their lives inside their diving bells; they ambush their prey. Males are better divers than females.
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Since 2004, Italian males no longer need to object because military service has been turned into volunteer for both males and females.
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Among some reptiles, frogs and fish, large males defend females, while small males may use sneaking tactics to mate without being noticed.
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Solitary glomus tumors, particularly subungual lesions, are more common in females than in males. Multiple lesions are slightly more common in males.
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The Groenendael should be at the withers for males, and for females. The weight should be approximately for males, and for females.
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Males measure and females in snout–vent length. The head is comparatively flat. Males have white throats. Parotoid glands are moderately developed.
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The median age was 43.6 years. For every 100 females there were 95.80 males. For every 100 females, there were 99.1 males.
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For example, in turtles with ESD, males are produced at lower temperatures, but in many alligators, males are produced at higher temperatures.
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Pair spawning typically occurs between females and terminal phase males; initial phase males occasionally try to insert themselves into the spawning event.
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The adult males of many of these species have elongate anal and caudal fins. Also, males may have an enlarged humeral process.
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The median age was 41.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.8 males. For every 100 females, there were 109 males.
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To explain this behaviour, Hamilton's theory of kin selection suggests that subordinate males receive indirect benefits by helping related males copulate successfully.
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Both males and females are of the same length, but have different colour of legs. Females have orange, while males have black.
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Males were 44.2, while females were 49.3, reflecting greater longevity. For age 85 and above, there were 19 males and 38 females.
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A male's ornaments and weaponry are a symbol of status that allow females and rivals to examine a male's fitness and fighting ability. During breeding season, males court females or challenge other males by enlarging their sexual traits, sloping their body towards their opponent or mate while spreading their tail and plumage, inflating the wattle and raising their ear tufts.. Older males usually have more exaggerated ornaments and weaponry than younger males, and are more likely to mate and control larger territories. Submissive or juvenile males will conceal their wattle display from bigger males, reducing their chance of mating but minimizing their risk of injury by avoiding physical conflict with a more dominant male. The general brightness of the plumage may also be used to identify healthy males from unhealthy males.
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Within the lekking arena, males of G. major are in close proximity to each other and are thought to exhibit some influence on neighboring males. While males do sound louder on nights when more males are calling, individual males did not increase their maximum call volume with increased competition from other males, nor did they increase their volume due to the availability of female. No correlation was found in volume and the distance to an individual males nearest neighbor, nor a correlation with the density of the population. Males had a strong correlation between the temperature of the soil and their chirp rate due to an increase in metabolic energy, and also a correlation was found between the number of harmonics produced by a male and the distance to that male’s closest neighbor.
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As of 2001 census, total population of the village is 1,967 with 313 households, 1,033 males and 934 females. Thus males constitute 52.5% and females 47.5% of the total population with the sex ratio of 904 females per thousand males.
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According to the 2001 census, the village had the total population of 2,692 with 464 households, 1,393 males and 1,299 females. Thus males constitutes 52% and females 48% of total population with the sex ratio of 933 females per thousand males.
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At the 2001 census, the village had a total population of 1,985 with 332 households, 1,038 males and 947 females. Thus males constituted 52% and females 48% of the population with the sex ratio of 912 females per thousand males.
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After the flight, unmated queens and males return to the nest. The fact that some queens and males return from these flights unmated suggests that aerial union is difficult. The mated queens lose their wings, and the mated males die.
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In 2001, as of census, the village had the total population of 3,556 with 619 households, 1,870 males and 1,686 females. Thus males constitutes 53% and females 47% of the population with the sex ratio of 901 females per thousand males.
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In 2001, as of census, Doda had the total population of 11,529 with 1,951 households, 6,045 males and 5,484 females. Thus males constitutes nearly 52% and females 48% of the population with the sex ratio of 907 females per thousand males.
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Males chase females and court them with ritualized moves. The male mounts the female and bites the nape during copulation. Males intimidate intruding males by expanding and folding their patagium and making conspicuous movements. These lizards are almost entirely arboreal.
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Males from traditional territories and leks have different courtship strategies. Males of traditional territories will herd females and keep them in their territories. Lek males try to do the same, but usually fail. They have to rely on advertising themselves.
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This catfish is sexually dimorphic. At a young age the sexes differ mainly in coloration; males are mottled, females are plain. Once sexual maturity is reached, however, males grow a large dorsal spine. Males can reach a 20 cm total length.
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"The comparative breeding ecology of four cervids in Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal". Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. Dominant males guarding females in oestrus make high-pitched growls at less powerful males. Males may moan during aggressive displays or while resting.
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Variations in tail length are also variable, constituting from 13 to 30% of the length of the body. Average body length in males is , while females average . The tail measures in males and in females. Males weigh , while females weigh .
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For mammals, the female has the slower reproduction rate. Males typically evolve either traits to help them fight other males or traits to impress females. Females typically evolve greater abilities to discern the qualities of males, such as choosiness in mating.
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Adult A. acrocroca moths have a wingspan of . Males have a tufted vertex and typically have thick antennae. The grey-brown antennae are finely ringed on males and simple on females. The smooth pedipalps are heavily flattened laterally in males.
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225px As of 2002, the number of males completing or attending highest level of schooling in the region was 1,893 while it was 2,216 females. The percentage of literate males was 48.10 and the percentage of literate females was 28.00. A fraction of 52.70 males had no education, while the corresponding number for females was 69.20. The fraction of males completing secondary school stood at 1.40 and the fraction of males completing more than secondary was 001.
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Progression in male and female cicadas is similar, including the time elapsed before the abdominal segments fall off. Stage I infected males respond to mating calls of both males and females and attract healthy males through flicking their wings, a behavior only observed in healthy females. This altered behavior aids in infection of healthy cicadas. Stage I infected males also tolerate mounting from courting males, suggesting that M. cicadina alters insect sexual behavior to increase infection rates.
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Since male deathwatch beetles do not feed, their resources for the gift have been stored from the larval stage. Males who are heavier in mass are capable of donating a larger mass to the female than lighter males which results in females choosing heavier males and rejecting lighter males. By giving up this much body weight, males are reducing the likelihood that they will mate with an additional female due to a lack of resources for a further gift.
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Receptive females respond to the calls of conspecific males with timed wing-flicks, which attract the males for mating. The sounds of a "chorus"—a group of males—can be deafening and reach 100 dB. In addition to their "calling" or "congregating" songs, males produce a distinctive courtship song when approaching an individual female. Magicicada egg slits (circled in red) Both males and females can mate multiple times, although most females seem to mate just once.
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The largest males are the most aggressive and thus the largest males and females mate, and so on in order of size. When P. clarus males find females, the males court by waving their legs and making their abdomens vibrate against the substrate (leaves, the ground, etc.). Males will court immature and adult virgin females, and also previously mated females. As the male dances, he approaches the female and touches the female cautiously once or twice.
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Barentu As of 2002, the number of males completing or attending highest level of schooling in the region was 2,700 while it was 3,179 females. The per centage of literate males was 37.50 and the percentage of literate females was 22.00. A fraction of 61.70 males had no education, while the corresponding number for females was 74.20. The fraction of males completing secondary school stood at 0.80 and the fraction of males completing more than secondary was 001.
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As of 2002, the number of males completing or attending highest level of schooling in the region was 2,028 while it was 2,368 females. The per centage of literate males was 52.30 and the percentage of literate females was 36.60. A fraction of 45.70 males had no education, while the corresponding number for females was 60.20. The fraction of males completing secondary school stood at 2.50 and the fraction of males completing more than secondary was 000.
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Ray finned fish are an ancient and diverse class, with the widest degree of sexual dimorphism of any animal class. Fairbairn notes that "females are generally larger than males but males are often larger in species with male-male combat or male paternal care ... [sizes range] from dwarf males to males more than 12 times heavier than females." There are cases where males are substantially larger than females. An example is Lamprologus callipterus, a type of cichlid fish.
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Males use substrate-borne chemical cues to gain information on the mating status of females. When males detect silk and pheromones from a virgin female, their courtship response is more energized. Males court the females by raising their legs and shaking their bodies. The rate at which the males lift their legs is an accurate representation of their assets sincex females who mate with males that raise their legs rapidly during courtship produce more surviving offspring.
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Males have pre-anal pores and hemipenal bulges while females have smaller pores and do not have external bulges. Males can determine the sex of other common leopard geckos by smelling pheromones on their skin. Males respond to males with aggressive behavior while they demonstrate courtship behavior towards females. Towards other males, the male would raise itself up from the ground, extend his limbs, and arch his back with the swelling of the tongue in aggression.
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According to Leviton (1964), the scalation includes 21 rows of dorsal scales at midbody, 170–178/175–184 ventral scales in males/females, 62–71/58–63 subcaudal scales in males/females, and 9–11 supralabial scales of which the 3rd is the largest. Toriba and Sawai (1990) give 167–179/172–184 ventral scales in males/females, 56–70/53–63 subcaudal scales in males/females, and 9–10/9–12 supralabial scales in males/females.
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In wedge-capped capuchins, males emigrate from their natal groups while females generally remain in the same group for the majority of their lives. Males generally leave their natal group between 3 and 6 years of age. Young males spend little time alone after leaving their natal groups and quickly integrate into a new group. Males prefer to join groups with a high ratio of females to adult males, as this maximizes their probability for future mating success.
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These dominant males must defend their territories from three types of rival: (1) other dominant males looking to steal shells; (2) younger, "sneaker" males looking to fertilize eggs in a dominant male's territory; and (3) tiny, 2–4 cm "parasitic dwarf" males that also attempt to rush in and fertilize eggs in the dominant male's territory. These parasitic dwarf males never grow to the size of dominant males, and the male offspring of dominant and parasitic dwarf males grow with 100% fidelity into the form of their fathers. A number of other highly specialized Tanganyika cichlids exist aside from these examples, including those adapted for life in open lake water up to 200m deep.
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Females are generally larger than males; females typically range from in length and in weight, with males between in length and in weight.
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The Ardennes Cattle Dog has an ideal height for males of , and for females. The ideal weight is for males with females being .
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Females may live longer than males. According to Hoogland and others, lifespan is about 5 years for males and 7 years for females.
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Males yell more when in larger harems. Females appear to use yells to assess male quality, and copulate with males that yelled more.
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The long period of copulating is probably used by the males as a form of ejaculate-guarding under high competition with other males.
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Individual males actively seek mates on mountain ridges for up to three weeks at a time. Many males live more than one month.
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In children, it is even more common in females than males, while in people over fifty, it affects males and females almost equally.
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Workers and males have similar responses to chemical stimuli, however the males are just slightly more responsive. Queens have the highest response overall.
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They metamorphose seven months later at SVL. Males become sexually mature between SVL and females SVL. The largest males and females are SVL.
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As males age the pheromone chemical ratios change slightly. Females can distinguish between males by these changes and pick a more suitable mate.
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The effect has also been found in homosexual males from different historical eras, ranging from participants examined in recent years to participants examined decades ago. The effect has also been demonstrated in homosexual males from different cultures: Despite how variable cultures can be, cross-cultural universals in the development of homosexual males appear to exist. For example, in Western cultures, homosexual males exhibit comparatively more gender-nonconforming behavior during childhood than heterosexual males. Retrospective studies conducted in Brazil, Guatemala, Independent Samoa, the Philippines, Thailand, and Turkey have found that the same is true of homosexual males raised in these non-Western cultures.
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Males have been known to travel unusually large distances to mate with females, the longest found being 7.2 kilometers (4.5 miles). Eclectus parrots are unusual among parrots because they exhibit both polyandrous mating (females mate with multiple males) and polygynandrous mating (males mate with multiple females and females mate with multiple males). Even more unusual, these birds exhibit a form of polyandry known as cooperative polyandry, in which multiple males breed with a single female, and all the males work together to help the female raise the chicks, rather than compete with each other. They are the only parrot known to do this.
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Males arrive at breeding sites before females to establish a breeding territory. During breeding season, it is believed that males use song to establish and defend their territories as well as to advertise their fitness to other males and to females. Males use song extensively throughout the breeding season and can be observed singing from a perched position on breeding ground reeds with their fore crown feathers raised and throat feathers puffed out whilst singing. Whilst males and females build the nest used for incubating eggs and raising chicks, males build a different type of nest structure during courtship.
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This is known as the breeding threshold hypothesis, and states that SY males should only delay breeding if there is a large mortality difference between the SY males who attempt to breed and the ones who do not. Platysaurus broadleyi Most studies addressed DPM as a type of sexual mimicry, which is done through deception: male ASY birds should not be able to tell females or SY males apart. However, Muheter et al. (1997) found that territorial males perceive the dull-coloured males as males but they show less aggression because their dull-coloured plumage promotes low competitive ability.
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Females and males of the broadfin shark species are sexually dimorphic. Females, on average, are larger than males, and it is reported that males mature at a smaller size than females. The reported size of females has decreased when compared with previous recordings of the species, with the new maximum size of females being around , while the reported size of males has increased. Another way to tell males and females apart is by looking at the end of their pelvic fins, as males possess calcified claspers (external appendage that aid in reproduction) on the ends of their pelvic fins.
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Males in the northern population respond strongly to the local male songs but relatively weakly to the non-local songs of southern males. In contrast, southern males respond equally to both local and non-local songs. The fact that northern males exhibit differential recognition indicates that northern females tend not to mate with "heterospecific" males from the south; thus it is not necessary for the northern males to respond strongly to the song from a southern challenger. A barrier to gene flow exists from South to North as a result of the female choice, which can eventually lead to speciation.
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Example of a sexually mature male Sexually mature males differ from females and juveniles in appearance, and this may be the result of sexual selection. The males have longer and deeper heads, and longer limbs when compared to females. Females are also generally a little bit shorter in length than males. Sexually mature males also display different coloration from females or juveniles.
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In the summer, following maturation, adult males depart their natal webs at night and wander in search of receptive females. During this time males will frequently wander into homes, sometimes getting stuck in bathtubs. Having found a female's web, males will defend the web and fight any rival males that subsequently arrive in her web. Fights proceed through clear stages of escalation.
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The hotshot hypothesis is the only model that attributes males as the driving force behind aggregation. The hotshot model hypothesizes that attractive males, known as hotshots, garner both female and male attention. Females go to the hotshots because they are attracted to these males. Other males form leks around these hotshots as a way to lure females away from the hotshot.
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Z. sexpunctatus males exhibit ritualized agonistic behavior when encountering other males of the same species. This behavior may include many of the same elements as courtship, such as raising and spreading the first pair of legs and vibrating the abdomen. During agonistic display, males will also extend their pedipalps and fangs. Lethal attacks between males appear to be rare, however.
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Gaab, Keenan & Schlaug (2003) found a difference between males and females in the processing and subsequent memory for pitch using fMRI. More specifically, males showed more lateralized activity in the anterior and posterior perisylvin regions with greater activation in the left. Males also had more cerebellar activation than females did. However, females showed more posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortex activation than did males.
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The female frog will not "chirp" or "croak" as often as males, but do sometimes. Males frequently have spotted chests, and at about a year old the males develop spots on their "pads" or "fingers." Males will also sometimes have subtle pads on their front legs during mating season. The female frog is also generally larger than the male frog.
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Because the T-position is exhibited in other species than just C. aeneus, it is likely that they also exhibit this behavior. In the wild, eggs are laid on waterweeds. Males do not form territories or compete over females; interference between males might only happen when two males present their abdomens simultaneously. On the other hand, females do not choose between males.
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Greater northern galagos are solitary and live and forage in their home range marked by urine and scent gland on chest. Males and females disperse from their birth territory, with males doing so earlier and moving farther away. Males and females do not have ranges that overlap with same sex and same-aged individuals. Males have territories that overlap with several females.
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There is a correlation between longevity and body size, particularly for adult males. Large body size in males is selected sexually, but can be detrimental during El Niño events when resources are scarce. This results in large males suffering higher mortality than females and smaller adult males. The mortality rates of marine iguanas are explained through the size difference between the sexes.
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Also, males that are captured and isolated from others live for 2 to 3 years. If these captured males are allowed to mate, they die immediately after the mating season, like those in the wild. Their behaviour also changes drastically before and after the mating season. Before mating, males are extremely aggressive and will fight with other males if placed close together.
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During the middle of estrus, female elephants look for males in musth to guard them. The females will yell, in a loud, low way to attract males from far away. Male elephants can also smell the hormones of a female ready for breeding. This leads males to compete with each other to mate, which results in the females mating with older, healthier males.
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In many areas around the country, the chance that black males will be arrested and jailed at least once in their lifetime is extremely high. For Washington, D.C., this probability is between 80 and 90%. Because black males are incarcerated at six times the rate of white males, the skewed incarceration rates harm these black males as well as their families and communities.
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Each rock cavy group has an alpha or dominant male and several females. The males are territorial, defending rock pile shelters against other adult males. The rock piles are chosen to impress the females; once a female chooses a rock pile, she indirectly chooses its guardian as her mate. They can sometimes display homosexual behavior, with males courting other males.
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VanBlaricom, pp. 42–45 As autumn is the peak breeding season in most areas, males typically defend their territory only from spring to autumn. During this time, males patrol the boundaries of their territories to exclude other males, although actual fighting is rare. Adult females move freely between male territories, where they outnumber adult males by an average of five to one.
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Minor males have been defined as those with head sizes less than 6.3 mm, while major males have head sizes above 6.3 mm. Males are also allometrically sized, meaning that those with larger heads also have larger mandibles and broader abdomens. The largest of the males are comparable in size to the females. Sexual dimophism can also be seen in the bee coloring.
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When courting, males will find a perch on a covered piece of grass or shrub while waiting for females. During this period, males are very territorial of their perch. Virgin females flying by will mate with the males without elaborate courtship. Mated females will attempt to avoid other males by waiting in the grasses out of sight when a male is nearby.
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Female, front view Normal body length is , but 5 mm small males do occur. Unusual for spiders, the males are often bigger. The sexes differ extremely Sexual dimorphism: males are very colorful with a glaringly red opisthosoma (chrysops means "golden eye" in Greek). The males have a dark brown or blackish cephalothorax, usually with two broad longitudinal white stripes behind the rear eyes.
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As a refinement to Darwin's theory of selection, Trivers (1974) observed that:Trivers, RL. Parent-Offspring Conflict. Integrative and Comparative Biology 14(1), 249-264 (1974). # Females are the limiting sex and invest more in offspring than males # Because males tend to be in excess, males tend to develop ornaments for attracting mates (female choice), as well competing with other males.
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A vervet monkey grooms another in Gaborone, Botswana Juvenile C. p. rufoviridis, Uganda When males reach sexual maturity, they move to a neighboring group. Often, males will move with a brother or peer, presumably for protection against aggression by males and females of the resident group. Groups that had previously transferred males show significantly less aggression upon the arrival of another male.
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Males vs. Females The females reach larger sizes than males, however, features such as the eyes, mouth, and nostrils are larger in males. The tails on males are longer than females’ tails because the posterior region of the body develops at a faster rate than the total length. The larger sizes of females helps with the nourishment of the embryos.
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Males frequently visit host plants to find females. Once found, males spend a long time hovering above the female, and courtship occurs as the male fans the female with pheromones from above. The males’ iridescent hind wings are also believed to be involved in attracting females. Males may also use sodium taken up from mud as a nuptial gift during mating.
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Males of A. agassizi grow to snout-to-vent length (SVL), while females may reach SVL. The females and some of the males have spotted heads and grey-brown colouration. The remainder of the males have black nuptial crests, grow larger, and have larger testes. The reason for this is unknown, but may be related to the reduced predation on larger males.
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In a computer simulation of a maze task, males completed the task faster and with fewer errors than their female counterparts. Additionally, males have displayed higher accuracy in tests of targeted motor skills, such as guiding projectiles. Males are also faster on reaction time and finger tapping tests. On average, females excel relative to males on tests that measure recollection.
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For instance, males of most species prefer the odor and appearance of females over males, which is instrumental in stimulating male sexual behavior. If the sexually dimorphic nucleus is lesioned, this preference for females by males diminishes. Also, the pattern of secretion of growth hormone is sexually dimorphic; this is why in many species, adult males are visibly distinguishable from females.
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Frisch & Simonsen (2016) carried out a very large-scale study in Denmark, which compared the incidence of meatal stenosis in Muslim males (mostly circumcised) with the incidence of meatal stenosis in ethnic Danish males (mostly non-circumcised). The risk of meatal stenosis in circumcised males was found to be as much 3.7 times higher than in the non-circumcised males.
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One queen was observed in a period of 10 minutes to mate 4 times with many males, each copulation lasting only about one minute. In order to maintain close contact during mating, males grasp tightly to the queen's thorax. The queen may possess a sexual attractant since males will follow a queen flying into a screenhouse and groups of males frequently surround queens.
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The most commonly abused substance in Texas is alcohol. The rate of binge drinking in males in Texas is comparable to that of males in the United States. In 2017, 22.4% of adult males in Texas reported binge drinking, as compared to 22.1% of males in the United States. Less than 12% of females adults in Texas reported binge drinking.
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It is determined by a single Mendelian factor with three alleles. In males, the o allele is the dominant allele, and the b allele is recessive to the y allele. Therefore, phenotypically orange-throated males have genotypes of either oo, ob, or oy. Yellow-throated males have genotypes of either yy or yb, and blue-throated males are exclusively bb.
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However, the investment by males does mean that males are also selective, and thus females ornaments have evolved to address this. According to evolutionary psychology, PI explains why females tend to focus on traits indicating a superior resource acquisition ability, whilst males tend to focus on signals of fertility: females are selective of their mate; males are selective over when they invest.
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Black-capped chickadees are socially monogamous, and males contribute greatly to reproduction. During the laying and incubation periods, males feed their partners extensively. When the nestlings hatch, males are the primary providers, but as the nestlings grow, females become the main caretakers. Females prefer dominant males, and greater reproductive success is closely related to the higher ranking of the male.
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The baculum is well-developed, being triangular in cross section and curved at the tip. Males measure in body length, while females measure . The tail measures in males and in females. Weights vary with sex and season, with males being heavier than females.
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Sexual selection could give rise to males with relatively larger bills than females if males used their bills to compete with other males. If larger bill size assisted the male in gathering resources, it would also make him more attractive to female mates.
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In addition, the bottom shell of males is concave while it is either flat or convex in females. On average, females grow to be slightly larger than males. Also, females have more spots than males (on average). Hatchlings resemble the adults closely.
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This species shows sexual dimorphism in its size. Males have a head-body length of , while females are only in length. Males likewise have longer tails of compared to the for females. Males are significantly heavier than females, weighing compared to for females.
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In 2001, according to the census, the village had the total population of 4,845 with 819 households, 2525 males and 2320 females. Thus males constitutes 52% and females 48% of the population with the sex ratio of 919 females per thousand males.
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In 2001, according to the census, the village had the total population of 1,099 with 190 households, 577 males and 522 females. Thus males constitute 52.5% and females 47.5% of total population with the sex ratio of 904 females per thousand males.
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Eastern North Pacific blue whale males average 88.5 tons (177,000 lb) and females 100 tons (200,000 lb). Antarctic males averaged 112 tons (224,000 lb) and females 130 tons (260,000 lb). Pygmy blue whale males average 83.5 (167,000 lb) and 99 tons (198,000 lb).
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At the 2001 census, the village had a total population of 6,550 in 1,093 households, of whom 3,459 were males and 3,091 females. Thus males constituted 53% and females 47% of the population with the sex ratio of 894 females per thousand males.
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In 2001, according to the census, the village had the total population of 1,251 with 219 households, 669 males and 582 females. Thus males constitute 53% and females 47% of the population with a sex ratio of 870 females per thousand males.
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Adult hornet moths have clear wings that span 34–50 mm. Females and males both have yellow and black striped abdomens, but the number of stripes vary; females have two stripes whereas males have three. Females are on average larger than males.
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Males are distinguished from females by the absence of an ovipositor. At the end of the abdomen there are simply two cerci. Unlike females, however, males are able to produce sounds or chirps. Thus, males can be identified through sound while females cannot.
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Most known species of Pristionchus have males and females, although several species are androdioecious, consisting of males and self-fertilizing hermaphrodites. Sex determination in Pristionchus species is by an X0 system, whereby males have one sex (X) chromosome and females/hermaphrodites have two.
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The newly eclosed females remain in the nest, while the males leave in order to mate with unrelated females in other nests. The males then die in Autumn after mating, while the females enter hibernation, meaning males have a comparatively short lifespan.
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Male in velvet, Kanha National Park The chital is a moderately sized deer. Males reach nearly and females at the shoulder; the head-and-body length is around . While immature males weigh , the lighter females weigh . Mature males can weigh up to .
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A study used microsatellites to determine the origin of males. The resident queen was the sole mother of the males. This meant that the workers did not contribute to the production of males. Ovaries were sometimes present in the workers, but not activated.
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Haplodiploidy is found in insects belonging to Hymenoptera, such as ants and bees. Unfertilized eggs develop into haploid individuals, which are the males. Diploid individuals are generally female but may be sterile males. Males have no fathers and produce no sons, only daughters.
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The cilia of the males on the other hand is light grey, in combination with white. Males also have narrow hindwings while females have a grey base. Its hair-pencil is costal and is grey for males while it is lighter for females.
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For every 100 females, there were 99.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.4 males. The median household income was $22,857 and the median family income was $29,583. Males had a median income of $33,750 and females $17,292.
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It is hypothesized that antlers developed as size indicators and not as weapons so that the males can avoid wasting time and energy in fights against larger males. Also, males have pronounced spines on their fore femurs that are used to grip females.
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Phymata americana males actively search for females. After finding and mounting the female, males produce tactile and stridulatory courtship behaviors thought to be assessed by the female during mate choice decisions. During this time, males may also guard the female from competitors.
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These fights known as "combat dances" consist of the two males intertwining the anterior portion of their bodies, often with their heads and necks held vertically. The larger males usually end up driving the smaller males away.Furman, 2007: p. 32Rubio, 1998: p.
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Males perform in leks for several hours in the early morning and evening during the spring. Video Males gather in leks to court, usually in late February to April. Only a few dominant males, usually two, breed. Sage grouse mating behaviors are complex.
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Males measure and females in snout–vent length. The dorsum is brown with dark brown spots. The ventral coloration varies, from bright yellow to yellowish cream in adult males and cream in adult females. Males have rough skin while females have smooth skin.
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As of 2011, the village had a total population of 2576, comprising 1365 males and 1211 females. The sex ratio in the village is 885 females per 1000 males. The literate ratio in the village is 200 for males and 55 for females.
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Like other manakins, this species has fascinating, breeding biology . Males display at leks. These consist of multiple fallen mossy logs on or near the forest floor within earshot of one another. Males can display alone or in coordinated displays with other males.
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In 2001, as of census, the village had the total population of 5,530 with 940 households, 2,940 males and 2,590 females. Thus males constitute 53% and females 47% of the total population with a sex ratio of 880 females per thousand males.
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In addition, the males are easily distinguished from other males by the presence of long suberect hairs on the second and third metasomal sterna.
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Males and females sexually mature at around long respectively; the fact that females mature at a smaller size than males is unusual among sharks.
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The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London. 1,629p. The groups consist of females, kids, and younger males; older males tend to be solitary.
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The males of the Bismarck whistler are white- throated unlike the yellow-throated males of the oriole whistler (P. orioloides) to the south-east.
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Polyandry is often seen in cases when there are more males in a society than females, or when males are considered to be unavailable.
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Adult males measure and adult females in snout–vent length. The snout is rounded. The tympanum is visible. Males have a hypertrophied third finger.
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This indicates that in the wild, the long-snooded males preferred by females and avoided by males seemed to be resistant to coccidial infection.
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Males tend to emerge from the first cells built, and females emerge shortly thereafter. Males in the laboratory live on average about 14.88 days.
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Adult males measure and adult females in snout–vent length. The snout is rounded. The tympanum is distinct. Males have a subgular vocal sac.
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The males of this species are larger than the females. The females can also be distinguished from males as their bills are disproportionally smaller.
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Males have a translucent ridge on both sides of their bodies. The ventral aspects of the males iridesce reddish at the time of spawn.
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Agkistrodon contortrix males have longer tongue tine lengths than females during the breeding season, which may aid in chemoreception of males searching for females.
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This color phase gives the species its name. Terminal phase males are larger (70 to 80 mm) than the initial phase males (60 mm).
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In the porcupine crab, males infected by this barnacle average somewhat smaller than healthy males, while infected females average somewhat larger than healthy females.
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Females generally reach maturity at a slightly larger size than males, they average larger and they also have a larger maximum size than males.
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The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.9 males. The percentage of males was 45.7% versus 54.3% for females.
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Adult males have longer tails and claws than females. The males' plastrons are shorter than the females', presumably to accommodate the males' larger tails. The carapaces of males are wider and less domed than the females', and males typically have wider heads than females. The sex of juveniles and subadults cannot be determined through external anatomy, but can be observed through dissection, laparoscopy (an operation performed on the abdomen), histological examination (cell anatomy), and radioimmunological assays (immune study dealing with radiolabeling).
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Coercive mating is very common in water striders (Gerridae) because in most of the species, the female genitalia are often exposed and easily accessible to males. Without any courtship behavior, males initiate by forcefully trying to mount the females. Carrying the males on their backs is energetically costly to females, so they try to resist and throw off the males. The males fight back even harder and use their forelegs to tightly grasp the female's thorax and keep them from escaping.
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Both males and females may leave their natal group at the age of four, however females may replace their mothers as the breeding adult, if they die, which will lead to the dispersal of the breeding male who is likely her father. This does not happen with males and their fathers. Dispersing males join groups with other males and remain in them until they find an opportunity to immigrate to a new group. The vast majority of recruits to groups are males.
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R. L. Usinger, Monograph of the Cimicidae (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). The Thomas Say Foundation Vol 7, Entomological Society of America, 1966 Afrocimex constrictus males also pierce and inseminate other males. Male-male stabbings were originally probably harmful to males and so it was speculated that male-male stabbings were the reason that Afrocimex constrictus males have - like females - evolved a spermalege. The male spermalege looks similar but not identical to the typical female spermalege and males receive fewer stabbings than females.
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Both sexes have separate dominance hierarchies; females have a distinct hierarchy while male rank is correlated with age. Each troop has one to three central, high-ranking adult males who interact with females more than other group males and lead the troop procession with high-ranking females. Recently transferred males, old males or young adult males that have not yet left their natal group are often lower ranking. Staying at the periphery of the group they tend to be marginalized from group activity.
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A second type of males, the sneaker males, is parasitic and resembles the female bleniid fish in their small size, colour, and movement patterns. This allows them to intrude into the nest guarded by the parental males. Sneaker males approach the nests with the same colour patterns and movements that the females hold. Most cases of sneaker males are seen when there is a female already inside the nest although sometimes the sneaker fish enters the nest alongside a female.
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These SY males are sexually mature and able to breed, but their morphology differs greatly from the older, after second year (ASY) males. Various studies have looked into this delayed plumage maturation (DPM) and found that the DPM in SY males reduces aggression from ASY males. Female mimicry in birds was first found in European-pied flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca. When a dull-coloured male is in the area, mature males reduce their aggressiveness and behave as if the intruder is a female.
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Males who have successfully courted a potential mate will attempt to keep them out of sight of other males before copulation. One way organisms accomplish this is to move the female to a new location. Certain butterflies, after enticing the female, will pick her up and fly her away from the vicinity of potential males. In other insects, the males will release a pheromone in order to make their mate unattractive to other males or the pheromone masks her scent completely.
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Second, while males of higher mate value and status have opportunities to pursue short-term mates, low mate value males typically do not have the same opportunities. Since females generally prefer long-term mating strategies, the few who would mate in the short-term are already paired with the high mate value males. Additionally, the benefits of short-term mating for females are only obtained through high mate value males. Therefore, low status males are more likely to pursue long-term mating strategy.
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Male daffodil cichlids are facultatively polygynous. Polygyny is regarded as a beneficial mating strategy for males, whereas females often suffer a reduction in pair male contributions. Some males hold only one territory with one breeding female while other males hold multiple territories, each one with its own breeding female. Polygynous males are larger in size, body-scraped less (they suffered less from ectoparasites), have larger testes (when controlled for body mass), and have higher circulating levels of 11-ketotestosterone than monogamous males.
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Whereas adult flashing is used in mate signaling, pupae glow is thought to be an aposematic display for nocturnal predators. In relation, males of the Photinus species are the prey for females of a different genus, Photuris. Photuris females actually mimic the effects of the Photinus males light-signaling patterns, and by doing this the females lure in the Photinus males. The males naturally produce the steroid lucibufagin, and the reason that the females prey on these males is to obtain this steroid.
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Males who have a higher reproductive rate and mate more frequently suffer from a shorter lifespan than virgin males or males that mate less frequently. There is a limit to the number of mates a male can have, though, because after approximately the seventh mating, eggs in females are not properly developed due to deficient and limited ejaculate. In the fall, males do not respond to female sex pheromones, indicating that males also delay mating before winter and during migration.
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Desert in the region As of 2002, the number of males completing or attending highest level of schooling in the region was 410 while it was 567 females. The percentage of literate males was 60.00 and the percentage of literate females was 41.60. A fraction of 37.60 males had no education, while the corresponding number for females was 54.80. The fraction of males completing secondary school stood at 8.40 and the fraction of males completing more than secondary was 003.
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Municipality of Asmara As of 2002, the number of males completing or attending highest level of schooling in the region was 3,186 while it was 4,506 females. The per centage of literate males was 85.00 and the percentage of literate females was 72.00. A fraction of 13.80 males had no education, while the corresponding number for females was 23.90. The fraction of males completing secondary school stood at 9.60 and the fraction of males completing more than secondary was 009.
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Averaged between early and late summer, the average mass of males in Oregon was and that of females was reported at . The average weights of Cooper's hawks from Oregon was about 19.4% lower in males and 14.5% lower in females than those from Wisconsin but the Oregon hawks evidenced less seasonal variation in weight. In British Columbia, males averaged and females averaged while in western and eastern North Dakota, males averaged and females averaged . In northern Florida, males averaged and females averaged .
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The census divides 63 males into nine categories; in 1831, 23 males worked as Agricultural Labourers which was the highest employed occupation from the census. 13 males were employed in Retail and Handicrafts followed closely with Manufacturing employing 10 males. In Slawston there are not any workers in the Capitalists, Professionals or Non- Agricultural Labourers categories but 3 other males were employed but there occupation is classed as unknown. In the 1881 census data it gives information on the occupational orders in Slawston.
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Additionally, starved females show preference for well-fed males as a way to increase the female's fecundity – this preference is speculated to be the case due to the greater quantity of drops that well-fed males produce. If larger males, carrying bigger nutritional gifts, are prevented from producing their gifts, then small males are more successful in female courtship, due to better tracking of the female during the courtship dance. Larger males are seen to have slower acceleration and deceleration speeds.
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In 1801, the population of Easton was 120 people: 57 males and 63 females, drastically increasing to 172 people: 82 males and 90 females by 1821. The population then fluctuated for the next fifty years, peaking at 186 people: 95 males and 91 females in 1841 and lulling at 133 people: 70 males and 63 females in 1891. Only ten years later, by 1901, the population had dropped to only 79 people: 42 males and 37 females before increasing again to 93 people: 45 males and 48 females in 1911 and remaining between a population of 93 to 98 people until 1961. At the time of the 2001 census, the parish's population had greatly increased to 162: 80 males and 82 females across 60 households.
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Unlike the males, who have bright colours, young lizards and females have somewhat dull coloration (brownish). The Maltese Wall Lizard usually eats small insects like ants or termites. Males show territorial behaviour. When other males enter its territory, it puffs up and raises its head.
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Inflammation of the testicle is commonly also present. In those who are young and sexually active gonorrhea and chlamydia are frequently the underlying cause. In older males and males who have sex with males enteric bacteria are common. Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms.
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In males, the snout–vent length is with a tail of . Adult males have a black face and throat, extending beyond the ear to the shoulder folds. Young males often have pale spots below and in front of the ears. The crown is brown.
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Reproductively active adult males had significantly (p < 0.05) larger home ranges than adult males with unenlarged testes. In black greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus) habitat, however, there were no significant differences between male and female home ranges or between home ranges of reproductive and nonreproductive adult males.
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They have orange heads and black bodies, in contrast to the much more subdued coloring and yellow heads of females, juveniles, and immature males. Males that reach sexual maturity also have enlarged testes when compared to those of males that have not done so.
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Displays are made while hanging from the ceiling. They flap their wings repeatedly: sometimes one at a time, sometimes together. They also display by doing very tight loops. Not all males display, though males that display have more children than males that do not display.
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Tamarins communicate though chemicals marked throughout their territories. Reproductive males and females scent mark the most and their non-reproductive counterparts rarely do so. Dominant males use scent marking to show their social status and may suppress the reproductive abilities of the other males.
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For every 100 females, there were 152.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 152.6 males. The median household income was $10,938 and the median family income was $41,250. Males had a median income of $0 versus $51,250 for females.
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In 2001, according to the census then, the village had the total population of 1,580 with 295 households, 827 males and 753 females. Thus the males constitutes 52% and females 48% of the population with the sex ratio of 910 females per thousand males.
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For every 100 females, there were 96.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.7 males. The median household income was $42,708 and the median family income was $50,000. Males had a median income of $30,417 versus $19,844 for females.
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For every 100 females, there were 117.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.0 males. The median household income was $31,875 and the median family income was $35,833. Males had a median income of $25,833 versus $18,750 for females.
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Males may inspect the female's genitals to determine receptiveness. Females typically mate within their troop, but may seek outside males. The breeding season runs from mid-April to mid-May. Estrus lasts 4 to 6 hours, and females mate with multiple males during this period.
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For every 100 females, there were 96.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.0 males. As of 2011 the median income for a household in the city was $93,588. Males had a median income of $65,103 versus $38,520 for females.
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For males to access the queen and mate, they must run through the workers in the colony. Males that are favoured are superficially similar in size and shape to the queen. The males also produce large quantities of pheromones to pacify the worker ants.
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Spider mites, like hymenopterans and some scale insects, are arrhenotochous: females are diploid and males are haploid. When mated, females avoid the fecundation of some eggs to produce males. Fertilized eggs produce diploid females. Unmated, unfertilized females still lay eggs that originate exclusively haploid males.
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The advertisement call, made by males in the breeding season, is a loud repetitive duck-like quacking. Groups of calling males generally space themselves along the water's edge, or among plants in the water. Males in chorus call antiphonally (with calls from different individuals alternating).
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There is no difference in costs or benefits between females who choose unmated males, monogamy, and females who settle with mated males, polygyny. Females may gain indirect benefits of picking higher quality males by producing higher-quality offspring, without suffering costs of shared territories.
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Adult males measure and adult females in snout–vent length. The head is as broad as the body in males but narrower in females. The snout is rounded in females, but in males it is subacuminate in the dorsal view. The tympanum is round.
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The males call from rocks in the riverbed, often near waterfalls. Calling males and tadpoles have been found through the year, suggesting that breeding activity is prolonged in this species. Males often have scratch marks on their backs and heads, suggesting male-male combats.
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Like most Phelsuma spec., the males can be quite quarrelsome and do not accept other males in their neighbourhood. In captivity, where the females cannot escape, the males can also sometimes seriously wound a female. In this case the male and female must be separated.
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The species reaches a length of about and shows sexual polymorphism. Major males are horned and substantially bigger than the hornless female, while minor males are hornless and often smaller than females. Females and small males differ in the form of the transverse carina.
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For every 100 females there were 86.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.1 males. The median household income was $57,813 and the median family income was $62,273. Males had a median income of $40,000 versus $31,953 for females.
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For every 100 females, there were 86.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.8 males. The median household income was $30,746 and the median family income was $37,036. Males had a median income of $34,199 versus $28,477 for females.
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The species are long, with the males being slightly smaller. Both sexes have different antennae size, with males having the longest. Another way to tell a difference between the sexes is by looking at their abdomen. The males have distal claspers on its abdomen.
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Studbooks included 16 individuals (10 males, 6 females) in North American aquariums in 2014, 5 individuals (3 males, 2 females) in European aquariums in 2013, and 13 individuals (6 males, 7 females) in Australian aquariums in 2017. Others are kept at public aquariums in Asia.
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The shields tend to be separated by very thin white lines. In juveniles and adult males, the shields of the shell usually have slightly darker edges. Males can also be distinguished from females by being smaller, with longer tails. Males do not exhibit plastral concavity.
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Like other macaques, rhesus troops comprise a mixture of 20–200 males and females. Females may outnumber the males by a ratio of 4:1. Males and females both have separate hierarchies. Female philopatry, common among social mammals, has been extensively studied in rhesus macaques.
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According to World Rugby, South Africa has 434,219 registered players broken down into: 157,980 pre-teen males; 121,879 teen males; 143,722 senior males (total male players 423,581); 1,653 pre-teen females; 5,504 teen females; 3,481 senior females (total female players 10,638). There are 4,074 referees.
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The median age was 58 years. Ten citizens were females and fifteen were males; one of the males was under 18. The median household income was $9,375 and the median family income was $8,750. Males had a median income of $43,750 versus $8,750 for females.
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Males can be quite territorial, and will use these display signs to intimidate rival males, in an attempt to ward off any potential takeover bids.
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Members of Hymenoptera, such as ants and bees, are determined by haplodiploidy, where most males are haploid and females and some sterile males are diploid.
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These males maintain, on average, a relatively large distance of approximately between them. However, bachelor males exhibit reciprocal grooming despite occasional aggressive interactions between bachelors.
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Males and females mature sexually at lengths of and respectively off northern Australia, and and , respectively, off Aldabra. Males mature at long off Palmyra Atoll.
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Adult males are smaller and exhibit a rounded belly compared to the flattened belly of females. Males also lack the forehead concavity exhibited by females.
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It is possible that males were more likely to be kicked out of a group, and these lone males had a higher risk of predation.
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The stages of development of A. harringtoni The species reproduces through internal fertilization, with the males guarding the eggs until hatching. Males are highly territorial.
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Under 2.7 kg and 2.0 kg, respectively, for light males and females, and under 1.36 kg and 1.135 kg for bantam males and females, respectively.
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The webbing of toe is moderately developed. The males lack vocal sac opening and mandibular spines. The dorsum, at least in males, is light green.
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The median age was 35 years. There were 94.8 males for every 100 females, and 89.7 males for every 100 females age 18 and over.
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In addition, males are smaller in size than females. The males’ antennae are longer than their bodies whereas females’ antennae are shorter than their bodies.
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Furthermore, when Amblyomma albolimbatum males attach to Aponomma hydrosauri females to mate, despite being unsuccessful, they remain attached which physically inhibits following males from mating.
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Males also possess combs on their hind legs composed of a close arrangement of short, blunt bristles. These combs are a distinctive feature of males.
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They have a yellow-orange iris and brown feet and bill. Males and females are similar, though females are typically darker and plainer than males.
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Males and females reach sexual maturity at around across respectively. The maximum lifespan is at least 11 years for males and 18 years for females.
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Males have also been observed to bite females during courtship. Young are long directly after hatching and males become sexually mature when they reach roughly .
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The median age was 38. For every 100 females, there were 108.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 117.9 males.
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Stuffed specimen in the American Museum of Natural History, New York City Both sexes have horns, which can reach 1.5 meters in length. Males and females are very similar in appearance until they reach three years of age, when the males become darker and develop majestic horns. The males weigh an average of with a height of . Females weigh 220 kg and are slightly shorter than males.
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Males can force females into multiple mating to maximize their reproductive success. In addition to being a form of coercive breeding, males usually work together in cooperative breeding to force females to mate with them. Sexual dimorphism in mouth and dental morphology has been shown in males. These males develop long, narrow mouths and longer teeth that aid in biting female pectoral fins during mating.
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Food items may, for example, be smaller in suburban habitats, and force adults to make more trips to the box. In South Temperate Argentina, southern house wrens dispersed more frequently between- seasons than within a season, with females dispersing more often than males. Widowed and single males dispersed more frequently than paired males, whilst within-season divorce increased the breeding success of females but not males.
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Larger males defend larger territories. During breeding season, the size of the territorial range can decrease even further as males concentrate on closely guarding the nests instead of foraging. Due to the relative closeness of the territories, males often encounter each other. When two males meet, they approach each other, slowly undulating their bodies, and assume combat-threat display with all fins stiffly outstretched.
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Subadult males and females form consistent groupings, as well. Groups of two or three young males will often form on the edge of the home ranges of dominant males, presumably for protection in numbers. Young females are slightly less social than the males. Indian rhinos also form short-term groupings, particularly at forest wallows during the monsoon season and in grasslands during March and April.
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Males and females have specific ways of choosing mates. Females can learn information about males from male pheromones, usually not showing any preference or mate discrimination. Females can be selective at times by secreting very low amounts of pheromones and attract males who have high antenna sensitivity. Males are attracted to the one-billionth of a gram of pheromones released by a female moth for location.
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They referred to this as honest signalling and not sexual mimicry. Another example of sexual mimicry occurs in Broadley's Flat Lizard, Platysaurus broadleyi, where some males mimic females. Flat lizard males tend to be territorial and aggressive towards other males. Therefore, it is beneficial for some males to mimic females in order to avoid aggressive encounters and move freely through the male's territory, looking for mates.
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Both males and females can make webs to capture prey, but males may leave their web in search of mates. Adult males can be found in spring. Males are known to exhibit infanticide, by killing the offspring of already-mated females. Females are able to lay more than one clutch, which means infanticide can provide the male an opportunity to mate with the female.
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Like males in other stingless bee species, there is tremendous competition between T. iridipennis males to copulate with virgin queens. Males have been observed to form large aggregations and to engage in mass flights near nests waiting for the emergence of virgin females. Once a virgin queen emerges, it pairs with one of the males and a mating flight ensues, resulting in the fertilization of the queen.
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When tufted males clap, females look towards them and display a greater number of tap displays to them than to the gray morph. Females also respond to tufted morphs' clapping more often by settling than for gray males. However, after the females look towards the males, gray males approach the female more often than the tufted male. Females often tip their abdomens from side to side.
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In the wet season males establish feeding territories and defend them from other males. In the dry season, when food is less abundant, territorial boundaries dissipate and home range overlap between individuals increases. Subadult males occasionally sing and engage in territorial behaviour. Home ranges of males and females are large (on average 16 to 20 hectares during the breeding season) and overlap considerably with one another.
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These fish exhibit strong sexual dimorphism. Its males are significantly larger than females, the reason being that males of the species collect empty snail shells for the females to breed in. Therefore, males have to be large and strong enough to transport shells, while females have to be small enough to fit in the shells. Immature males will form schools that may exceed 100 individuals.
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Looking at younger teenagers, suicide is the third leading cause of death of individuals aged from 10 to 14. Males and females are known to have different suicidal tendencies. For example, males take their lives almost four times the rate females do. Males also commit approximately 77.9% of all suicides, however, the female population is more likely to have thoughts of suicide than males.
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The UV light on males tend to act as a mating call. The levels of “glow” on the male abdomen create varying interest among the females. The females are much more attracted to the glowing males in comparison to the males that have their UV masked. However, the males with the UV light not only attract potential mates but they also attract varying predators in the area.
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Coalitions may also increase mortality risks within the group since males tend to be aggressive to each other. Genital display among males is an important social signal in relation to group hierarchy; it is derived from sexual behavior, but is used for social communication. It involves the animal spreading his thighs and having an erect penis. Dominant males display to submissive males to emphasize their higher status.
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Furcifer antimena males have a dorsal crest formed of about thirty cone-shaped scales, each of which is between in length. The males are green with yellow and/or whitish stripes, and females are fully dark green. Males can grow to a maximum length of , and females to . There is a projection on the tip of the snout which is larger in males than in females.
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This is shown in the red-winged blackbird by Pribil and Searcy (2001). Female red-winged blackbirds prefer to mate with males with territories over water and also unmated males. The females were given a choice between unmated males or previously mated males with the superior territories over water. In 12 out of 14 trials (86%) females chose the already mated male with the superior territory.
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Both males and females sing and can learn to mimic sounds and words and do simple tricks, but singing and mimicry are more pronounced and better perfected in males. Females rarely learn to mimic more than a dozen words. Males can easily acquire vocabularies ranging from a few dozen to a hundred words. Pet males, especially those kept alone, are generally the best speakers.
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Male aggression is also higher in noncommensal populations. In commensal populations, males come into contact with other males quite frequently due to high population densities and aggression must be mediated or the risk of injury becomes too great. Both commensal and noncommensal house mouse males aggressively defend their territory and act to exclude all intruders. Males mark their territory by scent marking with urine.
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Adolescent males spend time with adult males in social activities like hunting and boundary patrolling. A captive study suggests males can safely immigrate to a new group if accompanied by immigrant females who have an existing relationship with this male. This gives the resident males reproductive advantages with these females, as they are more inclined to remain in the group if their male friend is also accepted.
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With attention to Darwin's perception about sexual selection, it was perceived that sexual selection acted differently on females and males. Early research emphasized male-male competition for females. It is widely believed that males tend to woo females, and that females were passive. For years this was the dominant interpretation, emphasizing competition among dominant males who controlled territorial boundaries and maintained order among lesser males.
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During early migration in 1858, New Zealand had 131 males for every 100 females, but following changes in migration patterns and the modern longevity advantage of women, females came to outnumber males in 1971. As of 2012 there are 0.99 males per female, with males dominating under 15 years and females dominating in the 65 years or older range."Sex Ratio". The World Factbook. CIA.
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Kin recognition is associated with mate selection in O. bicornis. Females select males for mating with which they are more closely related. This behavior suggests that females may select males from within their population as opposed to more distance populations. One rationale for this behavior is that males within the same populations as females are better adapted to local environmental conditions than more distant males.
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Erroneous female choice refers to mistakes made by females when differentiating males of the same species from males of a different species. Female choice may occur at different stages of mating, including male courtship, copulation, or after copulation. Female choice can depend on the availability of appropriate males. When there are less available conspecific males, females may make more mistakes as they become less ‘choosy’.
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This disadvantage materializes into "poor responses by social service professionals and crime-processing agents to Black women's interpersonal victimization". Most crime studies focused on White males/females and Black males. Any results or conclusions targeted to Black males were usually assumed to be the same situation for Black females. This was very problematic since Black males and Black females differ in what they experience.
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Being territorial, yellow longnose butterflyfish patrol their patches of coral with a monogamous partner. However, instances of overt aggression among F. flavissimus have been observed between territory holders and individuals of the same sex. Chasing is rare, but when it does occur, males chase males and females chase females. Females defend food resources from other females, while males defend territories containing a female from other males.
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Females are usually 30–36 mm, while males most often range from 24 to 32 mm, although the smallest calling males can be as small as 20 mm. Although the difference in size between males and females is not significant enough to constitute dimorphism, there is an unusually large variation in size of males in this species, which may be attributed to pressures of sexual selection.
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The beak, which vary in length between species, blends with the small melon without a crease. Sexual dimorphism is poorly known, but the females tend to be the same size or larger than males at least in some species. The males typically have a bolder coloration and a unique dentition. The males of most species are covered in scars from the teeth of other males.
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The spoonhead sculpin is sexually mature at two years of age when it gets to be about 7.0-8.0 cm in length. Spawning occurs in the fall when males will go out, find, and defend territories from other males. Once a territory is established the male will drive other males away from his territory, which includes a nest site. Males will select nest sites under rocks.
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Males dig 0.32 bulbs per minute and females dig 0.36 bulbs per minute (Donald 2007). Males dig for 61.8 seconds while females dig for 58.0 seconds (Donald 2007). Females are just as adequate at digging as males, but they only spend about 1/3 as much time digging as males do. Because of this, females spend significantly more time feeding from the surface (Donald 2007).
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The colouration of the males allows them to visibly stand out from the brown forest floor. This bright colouration provides a sexual advantage for the adult males, increasing their likelihood of successfully mating. The result is rapid evolutionary selection within the species for brighter plumage and more conspicuous behaviour patterns in the males. The bright colouration also makes the males more susceptible to predation.
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Estrous females enter the leks both alone and in groups and mate with the males in the center of the lek cluster. Males further from the center may increase their reproductive success if they are near water. Females will compete with each other for the dominant males as females come into estrous for only one day of the year. Females prefer to mate with dominant males that they have mated with before, however males try to mate with as many new females as possible.
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Males with ideal characteristics favored by females are more likely to reproduce and pass on their genetic information to their offspring better than the males who lack such characteristics. Mentioned earlier, male shorebirds are typically larger in size compared to their female counterparts. Competition between males tends to lead to sexual selection toward larger males and as a result, an increase in dimorphism. Bigger males tend to have greater access (and appeal) to female mates because their larger size aids them in defeating other competitors.
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Blackeye gobies are protogynous hermaphrodites – all of them are born females but can shift once to become males once they reach a length of . This is likely to be the result of the limited availability of good nesting sites. Larger males have a competitive advantage in defending these nesting sites, thus larger males and smaller females have much higher reproductive success rates than small males. A change in sex ratio and size distribution can cause of females to undergo the change to become males.
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The adult males that were exposed to a rotating roster of new individuals (i.e., dynamic flock) had an unpredictable relationship between social variables and reproductive success; these males were able to copulate using a much greater variety of social strategies. The males who lived in static flocks had high levels of consistency in their behaviors and reproductive success across multiple years, whereas the males in dynamic flocks experienced varying levels of dominance with other males, differing levels of singing to females, and differing levels of reproductive success.
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The reproduction of the parasite only occurs in the definitive host. In acanthocephalans, adult males have cement glands in their posterior ends. The widely held theory is that the mucilaginous and proteinaceous substance that these glands secrete is used by males to seal up the females after copulation in order to prevent leakage of the inseminated sperm and further insemination by other males. It has also been found that these males may create this seal on other males in order to prevent them from copulating.
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This means that even if the trait causes males to die earlier, the trait is still beneficial so long as males with the trait produce more offspring than males lacking the trait. This balance keeps the dimorphism alive in these species and ensures that the next generation of successful males will also display these traits that are attractive to the females. Such differences in form and reproductive roles often cause differences in behavior. As previously stated, males and females often have different roles in reproduction.
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Males then use visual cues to find a common mating ground, for example, a landmark such as a pine tree to which other males in the area converge. Males secrete a mating pheromone that females follow. Males will mount females in the air, but the actual mating process usually takes place on the ground. Females of some species mate with just one male but in others they may mate with as many as ten or more different males, storing the sperm in their spermathecae.
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However, males seeking mates have different preferences depending on whether they are unpaired or paired. Paired males benefit from high female fidelity, while unpaired males benefit from low female fidelity in order to increase their mating frequencies. Toxicity of seminal fluid: Females benefit from low seminal fluid toxicity, while males benefit from a high toxicity level as it increases their competitive edge. Female fecundity: Males benefit from a high female fecundity as it means that females can produce more offspring and have a higher potential for reproduction.
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With bluegill sunfish, satellite males mimic the behaviour and colouration of the females. They hover over a nest containing a pair of courting sunfish, and gradually descend to reach the pair just as they spawn. Males may need to be 6 or 7 years old to function capably as parental males, but may be able to function as sneaker or satellite males when they are as young as 2 or 3 years old. The smaller satellite and sneaker males may get mauled by the more powerful parental males, but they spawn when they are younger and they do not put energy into parental care.
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Although males are able to increase their reproductive success faster than females by being able to fertilize eggs faster than females can produce them, males also at a disadvantage when it comes to mating because of sexual selection. Females usually choose males that are 'charming' and those who display sexual ornaments. In a study of long- tailed widowbirds, males with longer tails were sexually selected over those with shorter and less impressive tails. In birds such as the red-collared widowbird, males who display their sexual ornament during courtship are generally paired up faster and attract more females than males who display shorter tails during courtship.
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Usually males, mainly in polygynous species, have shorter lifespans than females. This can be attributed to several reasons: early dispersal of young males, aggressive male-male fights, vulnerability to predation (particularly when males are less agile, as in kudu), and malnutrition (being large in size, the male body has high nutritional requirements which may not be satisfied). Richard Despard Estes suggested that females mimic male secondary sexual characteristics like horns to protect their male offspring from dominant males. This feature seems to have been strongly selected to prevent male mortality and imbalanced sex ratios due to attacks by aggressive males and forced dispersal of young males during adolescence.
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The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.6 males.
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The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.5 males.
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The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.9 males.
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The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.0 males.
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The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.3 males.
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The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.0 males.
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Females mate nonrandomly.Wiernasz et al., 1995 Larger males are more successful at mating (i.e. they are overrepresented among collected maters), but small males can still mate.
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The median age was 39.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.8 males.
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The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.4 males.
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The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 95.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.9 males.
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The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.2 males.
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The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.6 males.
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The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.9 males.
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The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.8 males.
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The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.1 males.
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The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.7 males.
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The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.8 males.
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The median age was 68.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.2 males.
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The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.0 males.
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The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.9 males.
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The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.1 males.
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The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.4 males.
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The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.7 males.
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The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.0 males.
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The median age was 52 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.0 males.
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The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.3 males.
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The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.8 males.
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The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.2 males.
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The median age was 37.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 100 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.7 males.
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The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.8 males.
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The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 137.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 139.6 males.
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The median age was 18 years. For every 100 females, there were 385.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 167.6 males.
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The median age was 52 years. For every 100 females, there were 122.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.5 males.
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The median age was 33.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 65.29 males. For every 100 females age 20 and over, there were 95.91 males.
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The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.9 males.
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The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 109.4 males.
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The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.4 males.
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The median age was 49 years. For every 100 females, there were 122.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 118.1 males.
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The median age was 43.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.7 males.
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The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.3 males.
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The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.5 males.
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The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.7 males.
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The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.4 males.
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The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.3 males.
|
|
The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.1 males.
|
|
The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.5 males.
|
|
The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.4 males.
|
|
The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 118.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 116.8 males.
|
|
The median age was 23.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 129.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 139.9 males.
|
|
The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.5 males.
|
|
The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.3 males.
|
|
The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 119.4 males.
|
|
The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 55 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.3 males.
|
|
The median age was 43.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.1 males.
|
|
The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 114.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.9 males.
|
|
The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.4 males.
|
|
The median age was 52.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.2 males.
|
|
The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.3 males.
|
|
The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 37.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 155.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 207.4 males.
|
|
The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 79.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 74.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.8 males.
|
|
The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.4 males.
|
|
The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.2 males.
|
|
The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 73.8 males.
|
|
The median age was 37.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.1 males.
|
|
The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.5 males.
|
|
The median age was 41.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.8 males.
|
|
The median age was 53 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.4 males.
|
|
The median age was 49 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.8 males.
|
|
The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.8 males.
|
|
The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.4 males.
|
|
The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.8 males.
|
|
The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.3 males.
|
|
The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 122.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 116.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.1 males.
|
|
The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 125.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 134.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 98.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.4 males.
|
|
The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.1 males.
|
|
The median age was age 48. For every 100 females, there were 102.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.8 males.
|
|
For every 100 females, there were 120.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 136.4 males. The median family income was $87,857.
|
|
The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.2 males.
|
|
The median age was 52 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 109.1 males.
|
|
The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 125.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 128.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.4 males.
|
|
The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 117.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 44.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.3 males.
|
|
The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 152.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 127.5 males.
|
|
The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 129.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 126.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.1 males.
|
|
The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.9 males.
|
|
The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.2 males.
|
|
The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 139.3 males.
|
|
The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 120.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.2 males.
|
|
The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.4 males.
|
|
The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 119.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.2 males.
|
|
The median age was 49 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 119.4 males.
|
|
The median age was 61 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 118.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 117.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 135.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.9 males.
|
|
The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 117.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.8 males.
|
|
The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.4 males.
|
|
The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.2 males.
|
|
The median age was 21 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 123.5 males.
|
|
The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 140.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 25 years. For every 100 females, there were 123.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.3 males.
|
|
The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 121.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 150.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 117.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 117.9 males.
|
|
The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 116.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.2 males.
|
|
The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.4 males.
|
|
The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 114.8 males.
|
|
The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 120.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 147.8 males.
|
|
The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 119.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 123.8 males.
|
|
The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.8 males.
|
|
The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.3 males.
|
|
The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.3 males.
|
|
The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.1 males.
|
|
The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 116.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.8 males.
|
|
The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.9 males.
|
|
The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 143.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 139.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.9 males.
|
|
The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.3 males.
|
|
The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.1 males.
|
|
The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.5 males.
|
|
The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.3 males.
|
|
The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.5 males.
|
|
The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 120.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 118.8 males.
|
|
The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 123.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 115.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.1 males.
|
|
The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 116.1 males.
|
|
The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 70.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.4 males.
|
|
The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.4 males.
|
|
The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.1 males.
|
|
The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 23.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.4 males.
|
|
The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.1 males.
|
|
The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.3 males.
|
|
The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.2 males.
|
|
The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.9 males.
|
|
The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 122.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 129.2 males.
|
|
The median age was 52 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 131.3 males.
|
|
The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 141.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 172.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 122.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 133.3 males.
|
|
The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 135.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 120.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 53 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.2 males.
|
|
The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females, there were 122.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.9 males.
|
|
The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.8 males.
|
|
The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.5 males.
|
|
The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.5 males.
|
|
The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 118.9 males.
|
|
The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 58 years. For every 100 females, there were 500.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 500.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 54 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 74 years. For every 100 females, there were 300.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 300.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.3 males.
|
|
The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 114.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 117.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.8 males.
|
|
The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.1 males.
|
|
The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.5 males.
|
|
The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.8 males.
|
|
The median age was 41.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.9 males.
|
|
The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.2 males.
|
|
The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 146.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 165.5 males.
|
|
The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 62 years. For every 100 females, there were 70.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 68.5 males.
|
|
The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 142.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 121.4 males.
|
|
The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 127.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.2 males.
|
|
The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.8 males.
|
|
The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 121.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 120.5 males.
|
|
The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 117.1 males.
|
|
The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 114.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 135.5 males.
|
|
The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 133.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 160.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 109.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 124.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 123.3 males.
|
|
The median age was 26 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 143.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 146.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.3 males.
|
|
The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.8 males.
|
|
The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 125.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.5 males.
|
|
The median age was 64 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 76.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 117.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 122.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 119.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 136.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 124.4 males.
|
|
The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 118.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 119.3 males.
|
|
The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.5 males.
|
|
The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 126.2 males.
|
|
The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.3 males.
|
|
The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 114.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 59 years. For every 100 females, there were 116.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.5 males.
|
|
The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 178.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 203.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 127.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 134.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 26 years. For every 100 females, there were 118.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 118.4 males.
|
|
The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 122.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 125.9 males.
|
|
The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 300.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 250.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 57 years. For every 100 females, there were 119.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 113.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 68.8 males.
|
|
The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 126.9 males.
|
|
The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.1 males.
|
|
The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.3 males.
|
|
The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 114.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 115.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 116.8 males.
|
|
The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.8 males.
|
|
The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.4 males.
|
|
The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 78.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.9 males.
|
|
The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.9 males.
|
|
The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 125.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 114.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 132.4 males.
|
|
The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 119.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 122.2 males.
|
|
The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.1 males.
|
|
The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 200.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 200.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 61 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 52 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 120.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.8 males.
|
|
The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.8 males.
|
|
The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 146.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 134.3 males.
|
|
Females in oestrus may attract additional males. The dominant male usually guards receptive females but she will try and mate with other males when she can.
|
|
The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.8 males.
|
|
The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 119.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.4 males.
|
|
The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.2 males.
|
|
The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.1 males.
|
|
The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.2 males.
|
|
The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.1 males.
|
|
The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 136.4 males.
|
|
The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.9 males.
|
|
The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 108 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 114 males.
|
|
The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.2 males.
|
|
The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 123.3 males.
|
|
The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 184 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 205 males.
|
|
The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.9 males.
|
|
The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 41.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 94 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87 males.
|
|
The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.2 males.
|
|
The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.2 males.
|
|
The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 122.2 males.
|
|
The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.2 males.
|
|
The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 125.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 116.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 133.3 males.
|
|
The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 140.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 109.1 males.
|
|
The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.5 males.
|
|
The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 114.3 males.
|
|
The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.8 males.
|
|
The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 121.2 males.
|
|
The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 124.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 122.1 males.
|
|
The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.1 males.
|
|
The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 114.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 116.1 males.
|
|
The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.3 males.
|
|
The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 69 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.9 males.
|
|
The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.2 males.
|
|
The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.3 males.
|
|
The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 127.5 males.
|
|
The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 124.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 134.4 males.
|
|
The median age was 64 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 22 years. For every 100 females, there were 64.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 56 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 137.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 128.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 25 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.5 males.
|
|
The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 135.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 124.5 males.
|
|
The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 117.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 116.9 males.
|
|
The median age was 49 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.2 males.
|
|
The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 119.1 males.
|
|
The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.1 males.
|
|
The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.1 males.
|
|
The median age was 23 years. For every 100 females, there were 117.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.9 males.
|
|
The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.9 males.
|
|
The median age was 26 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.9 males.
|
|
The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 109.5 males.
|
|
The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.3 males.
|
|
The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 152.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.9 males.
|
|
The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 119.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 56 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.9 males.
|
|
The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.4 males.
|
|
The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.9 males.
|
|
The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.2 males.
|
|
The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.1 males.
|
|
The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 117.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.9 males.
|
|
The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.8 males.
|
|
The median age was 40.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.4 males.
|
|
Spawning rush Fishbase Glossary. Retrieved 11 February 2011. Sneaking males do not take part in courtship. In salmon and trout, for example, jack males are common.
|
|
The median age was 48.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.8 males.
|
|
The median age was 40.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 74.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.3 males.
|
|
The median age was 62.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 116.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 123.5 males.
|
|
The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.5 males.
|
|
The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.1 males.
|
|
The median age was 51 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.8 males.
|
|
The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.3 males.
|
|
The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.8 males.
|
|
The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.5 males.
|
|
The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 114.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 121.2 males.
|
|
The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.4 males.
|
|
The median age was 54 years. For every 100 females, there were 58.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 46.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 37.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.4 males.
|
|
The median age was 49 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.5 males.
|
|
The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 92.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.1 males.
|
|
The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 114.3 males.
|
|
The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 65.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.5 males.
|
|
The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 59.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 72.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 70.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 57 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.
|
|
The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.9 males.
|
|
The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.2 males.
|
|
The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 117.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 86.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.6 males.
|
|
The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.4 males.
|
|
The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.8 males.
|
|
The median age was 51 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.3 males.
|
|
The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 114.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.7 males.
|
|
The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.4 males.
|
|
The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 126.2 males.
|
|
The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.2 males.
|
|
The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 123.5 males.
|
|