116 Sentences With "girdling" | Random Sentence Generator

This globe-girdling skylane helped pilots fly without instruments back when that was a thing.

As befits a sprawling, globe-girdling story of historic transformation, "The Lehman Brothers" has an intricate, multinational pedigree.

"Globe-Girdling Husband of Winnipeg Woman Found Dead" read a headline in The Winnipeg Free Press the next morning.

The Air Force operates a globe-girdling network of telescopes, radars and even two satellites to keep track of all this stuff.

The Philippines lies on the "Ring of Fire", a belt of volcanoes girdling the Pacific Ocean that is also prone to earthquakes.

She was one of thousands of astronomers that reported their results Monday in a globe-girdling set of news conferences and academic conferences.

New Zealand lies on the seismically active "Ring of Fire", a 40,000-km arc of volcanoes and ocean trenches girdling much of the Pacific Ocean.

For Britain, having transitioned in the postwar era from a globe-girdling empire to a reluctant member of the European project, it was yet another epoch-making departure.

Bruce Cumings of the University of Chicago refers to American power as a globe-girdling "archipelago of empire", with most of America's 800 bases in or near the Pacific.

Watching Inua Ellams's globe-girdling, London-born play, you feel the world spinning so fast that you half expect its far-flung inhabitants to slide across continents and fall into one another's laps.

As Austin Bay explained, "for over three decades the dictatorial regime spawned by Ayatollah Khomeini has been globe-girdling in terms of inciting revolution and armed conflict" all in pursuit of a globalist Islamic revolution.

From the moment Dani, Christian and the rest pass through the settlement's sunburst gate, everything from the green hills girdling the compound to the flowing choreography contributes to the slow-growing, inexorable sense of entrapment.

Under its "one belt, one road" initiative of building globe-girdling trade links, China is promising to invest in ports and railways across South-East Asia, assisted by another Chinese-led venture, the new Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.

Eastern Time on Wednesday April 10, a group of astronomers who run a globe-girdling network of radio telescopes called the Event Horizon Telescope are expected to unveil their long awaited pictures of a pair of putative black holes.

In 26.2, the architect Eero Saarinen's Trans World Flight Center at Kennedy International Airport seemed poised to ascend, its 25-foot-wide concrete wings flexed in hopeful upstroke as a memorable symbol of the globe-girdling Trans World Airlines.

There are, of course, good historical answers to all of these questions, and they all come back to the very nasty things that tended to happen to the international system before the United States took up its ambitious, globe-girdling role.

The previous government under Mr Sharif came to office just as President Xi Jinping was laying out his grand plan to use China's surplus dollars and excess capacity to create a web of globe-girdling infrastructure, now known as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).

Mr Griffin paints a picture of each service wielding its own ultra-fast and long-range hypersonic missiles, fed information from a vast satellite network girdling the skies, all of it supported by a procurement process that can spit out high-tech weapons in years rather than decades.

The paintings didn't exist yet, except in the potential form of concealed panels that shared a continuous surface of room-girdling handmade wallpaper: in effect, a single painting, more than fourteen feet high and more than a hundred and seventy-three feet long, executed in acrylic, oil, vinyl paint, silk-screen inks, charcoal, pastel, graphite, and sand.

Flowering and fruit setting is a problem on some trees; girdling may improve yield in the same way. The "damage" done by girdling restricts the movement of nutrients to the roots, thus the carbohydrates produced in the leaves do not go to the roots for storage. Girdling temporarily stops tree growth. Root pruning, an ancient Asian practice, and other controlled damaging, such as driving nails into the trunk or beating the branches and trunk, produce results that are similar to girdling.

In cotton the feeding may cause lesions which eventually cause root girdling.

Girdling in Lille, Northern France Girdling, also called ring-barking, is the complete removal of the bark (consisting of cork cambium or "phellogen", phloem, cambium and sometimes going into the xylem) from around the entire circumference of either a branch or trunk of a woody plant. Girdling results in the death of the area above the girdle over time. A branch completely girdled will fail and when the main trunk of a tree is girdled, the entire tree will die, if it cannot regrow from above to bridge the wound. Human practices of girdling include forestry, horticulture, and vandalism.

Foresters use the practice of girdling to thin forests. Animals such as rodents will girdle trees by feeding on outer bark, often during winter under snow. Girdling can also be caused by herbivorous mammals feeding on plant bark and by birds and insects, both of which can effectively girdle a tree by boring rows of adjacent holes. Orchardists use girdling as a cultural technique to yield larger fruit or to set fruit.

Delay of early fruitlet abscision by Branco girdling in Citrus coincides with previous increases in carbohydrate and gibberelin concentrations.

Girdling is commonly used on grape, avocado, apple, litchi, mango, citrus and other trees. Girdling is normally only done to healthy trees that did not yield well the previous year. Care must be used not to damage sapwood that may kill the tree or vine. Trees normally heal in four to five weeks after cincturing.

Girdling can be used to create standing dead wood, or snags. This can provide a valuable habitat for a variety of wildlife, including insects and nesting birds.

If ropes are tied frequently to a tree (e.g. to tether an animal or moor a boat), the friction of the rope can also lead to the removal of bark. The practice of girdling has been known in Europe for some time. Another example is the girdling of selective Douglas-fir trees in some Northern California oak woodlands, such as Annadel State Park, in order to prevent that fir from massive invasion of the mixed oak woodland.

Coombs, Blackburn-Maze,Cracknell, Bentley (1992) The Complete Book Of Pruning p.23 Girdling is a slow process compared to felling and is often used only when necessary, such as in the removal of an individual tree from an ecologically protected area without damaging surrounding growth. Accidental girdling is also possible and some activities must be performed with care. Saplings which are tied to a supporting stake may unintentionally be girdled as they grow, due to friction caused by contact with the tie.

The G650ER received its certification in October 2014 and began deliveries in late 2014 ahead of its 2015 target.Trautvetter, Chad. "Globe- girdling Gulfstream G650ER Gets Its Wings" AINonline, 9 October 2014. Accessed: 19 May 2015.

Grape vines and their canopies Girdling is also used as a technique to force a fruit-bearing plant to bear larger fruit. A farmer would place a girdle (bark removal) at base of a large branch or at the trunk. Thus, all sugars manufactured by the leaves have no sinks but the fruit, which grows to above the normal size. For grapes girdling or cincturing is used to make the grapes large and sweeter on the grape canopy and are sold as girdled grapes.

This usually results in the death of the host tree, either through girdling or through competition for light. Strangler figs can also germinate and develop as independent trees, not reliant on the support of a host.

Yellowing of alder leaves due to girdling. Like all vascular plants, trees use two vascular tissues for transportation of water and nutrients: the xylem (also known as the wood) and the phloem (the innermost layer of the bark). Girdling results in the removal of the phloem, and death occurs from the inability of the leaves to transport sugars (primarily sucrose) to the roots. In this process, the xylem is left untouched, and the tree can usually still temporarily transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves.

Painting the cut can protect against fungus and pests.A Review of Vine Girdling, by Bill Peacock, Tulare County Farm Advisor, The University of California Cooperative Extension, Tulare CountyRemove all phloem tissue when girdling for table grape quality, Sep 1, 2001, Jennifer Hashim Kern County, Calif., Farm Advisor, Western Farm PressSouth African Avocado Growers’ Association Yearbook 1995. 18:54-55, Increasing Yield of Young Hass Avocado Trees using the Cincturing Technique, C.R. Hackney, M. Boshoff and M.J. Slabbert Cincturing reduces macca tree growth, From the September 2012 edition of Agriculture Today.

They feed underneath the bark of twig terminals, producing girdling wounds that cause twig dieback. Often there is some oozing of pitch at the wound site. Larvae may also tunnel cones. Older larvae are light golden brown with a dark brown head.

It is slightly tapered to the top, and has irregular cottony bands girdling the base. The universal veil is grey. Spores are white, spherical in shape, non-amyloid, and measure 10.2–11.7 micrometres. The cap is across, shape ranging from convex to flat.

Stem cankers develop 1 to 3 years after branches die. Tree tops killed by stem- girdling cankers do not resprout. Diseased trees usually die within several years. Completely free-standing trees seem better able to withstand the fungus than those growing in dense stands or forest.

Dogwood twig borer adults emerge in early June, rarely in large numbers. They feed on dogwood twigs and cause girdling around the tips of branches. Females lay their eggs singly on healthy twigs. When the eggs hatch, larvae enter the twig and bore down into the centre.

G. N. Harrington and A. D. Wilson. Melbourne, CSIRO Publishing . A number of techniques have been employed to clear or kill woody plants in savannas. Early pastoralists used felling and girdling, the removal of a ring of bark and sapwood, as a means of clearing land.

The stipe is long, white in colour, and there is no ring on it. It is slightly tapered to the top, and has irregular cottony bands girdling the base. The universal veil is grey. Spores are white, spherical in shape, non-amyloid, and measure 10.2–11.7 micrometres.

The infection usually appears at the upper leaf surface as white fungal growth. Powdery mildew is not as severe as other diseases. The fungus phytophthora blight causes damping-off, root rot, stem rot, stem girdling, and fruit rot. Damping-off happens in young plants by wilting and death.

290x290px Disease symptoms occur primarily on the stems, leaves and can lead to whole plant symptoms. Reddish brown lesions on the lower stem of soybean plants progress into brown cankers. In some cases, the disease can spread to all parts of the stem. Stem girdling can result in premature plant death.

Trees can be girdled by climbing, twining, and ground-creeping (rampant) vines. There are several invasive species that harm trees in this way and cause significant damage to forest canopy and the health of ecosystems dependent on it. Oriental Bittersweet, Oriental Wisteria, and English Ivy all can damage and kill trees by girdling.

This species typically attacks trees that are stressed by insect damage, frost, or drought. It kills trees by the girdling action of the larvae. It contributes to oak dieback, large-scale losses of stands of oak trees caused by several factors. The beetle favors mature oaks with trunks over 30 centimeters in diameter.

Examples of restoration, not yet fully ritualized, but clearly being developed as spectacle or performing art include: the conversion of tree girdling to a work of art by Wisconsin artist Barbara Westfall; nighttime prairie burns to which the public are invited in northern Illinois; and classes in reflective restoration offered at Eckerd College in Florida.

They occasionally consume insects and snails, and occasionally scavenge on animal remains; cannibalism is frequent in periods of high population density. Meadow voles may damage woody vegetation by girdling when population density is high. In winter, meadow voles consume green basal portions of grass plants, often hidden under snow. Other winter diet components include seeds, roots, and bulbs.

Villagers cleared the fields by felling, girdling, or firing trees at the base and then using fire to reduce the slash and stumps. A village became unusable as soil productivity gradually declined and local fish and game were depleted. The inhabitants then moved on. With every change in location, the people used fire to clear new land.

California root borers are considered an orchard pest. It has become a prominent pest of fruit trees in the Intermountain West region. The tunneling habits of the larvae can cause the death of infested trees. This can be caused directly, through girdling of the root cambium, or indirectly as the weakened host becomes susceptible to disease.

Complete girdling of the host trunk or large limbs may occur; however, this event may take several years to even decades to accomplish. In other susceptible conifers, symptoms are similar to those of spruce except resin exudation is usually less prominent. Regarding pines the key symptom to note is the inconspicuous branch cankers caused by this pathogen.

Stipules are either present or absent. Flowers are solitary, bisexual, radial, with a long pedicel and usually floating or raised above the surface of the water, with girdling vascular bundles in receptacle. Female and male parts of the flower are active at different times usually, to facilitate cross-pollination. Sepals are 4-12, distinct to connate, imbricate, and often petal-like.

Of the three castles built during the town's history, Castle Batestein was said to be one of the most beautiful in the Netherlands. Its only remnants are a 17th-century brick gate and water-pump. Remnants of the old city wall are visible girdling parts of the old downtown. Vianen celebrates its city rights every year in October with a horse-market.

Girdling increased her deep displacement to and her beam to , and reduced her draught to and her speed by a quarter of a knot. The ship was also fitted with bulk petrol storage, new four-inch guns that used fixed ammunition, and new radio masts.Friedman, p. 67 Argus in the late 1920s Argus usually operated about 15 aircraft during the 1920s.

Rabbits and voles eat the bark, sometimes girdling young trees. The leaves serve as food for caterpillars of various Lepidoptera (see Lepidoptera which feed on Tilia). The ribbed cocoon maker species Bucculatrix improvisa has not been found on other plants. This species is particularly susceptible to adult Japanese beetles (an invasive species in North America) that feed on its leaves.

In addition, voles target plants more than most other small animals, making their presence evident. Voles readily girdle small trees and ground cover much like a porcupine. This girdling can easily kill young plants and is not healthy for trees or other shrubs. Voles often eat succulent root systems and burrow under plants or ground cover and eat away until the plant is dead.

There were a total of 719 items in this classification. 23 moccasins were recovered from Hogup Cave, in three categories: Hock moccasins, Fremont moccasins, and Hogup moccasins.Aikens 1970, p. 97-109. The 3 hock moccasins recovered were made from bison hide by removing the hock of an animal through girdling the leg at two points and removing the hide in the form of a skin tube.

For example, enormous fruits and vegetables seen at fairs and carnivals are produced via girdling. A farmer would place a girdle at the base of a large branch, and remove all but one fruit/vegetable from that branch. Thus, all the sugars manufactured by leaves on that branch have no sinks to go to but the one fruit/vegetable, which thus expands to many times its normal size.

In its European range, brown spruce longhorn beetle infests dead and dying trees, or recently felled timber. This infestation may occasionally lead to the death of diseased or stressed trees that may otherwise have recovered., and it is considered to sometimes be damaging to trees in Europe. In Canada, the pest initially appeared to be more aggressive and able to infest healthy red spruce trees, with larval galleries girdling the stem and killing the tree.

Resin is generally produced in plants to protect against pathogens. Sometimes the tissue above the canker will die causing girdling of the stem. The severity of the disease depends on weather related conditions and may require moisture and insect wounds or weather related wounds such as hail to infect the trees. Some insects such as bark beetles, spittle bugs, weevils, pine tip moth, and needle midge may vector the disease into the tree.

Leaf yellowing on the exterior of the crown is often the first symptom and may originally be restricted to a single branch. However, as the cumulative effects of the girdling progress increasingly large areas of the tree are affected. Sudden leaf wilting, ultimately involving large limbs, characterizes end stage thousand cankers disease. In susceptible hosts, trees are almost always killed within 2–3 years after external symptoms of leaf yellowing are first observed.

The forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria), walnut caterpillar (Datana integerrima), and walkingstick (Diapheromera femorata) may defoliate individual trees or limbs. Sucking insects, including aphids (Monellia spp.), feed on the underside of leaves, causing them to curl and drop prematurely. The twig girdler (Oncideres cingulata) may seriously prune seedlings and even large trees by girdling the terminal and branches. The hickory bark beetle (Scolytus quadrispinosus) can be troublesome during dry years and periods of stress.

The female lays clusters of eggs in cracks in the bark and the larvae feed on the inner bark and outermost layer of wood. They produce long, zig-zag galleries in the tissues of the tree as they dig. This action causes girdling of the tree, preventing the circulation of nutrients through its tissues. The following spring, the adults emerge through holes in the bark and feed on the leaves of the tree.

Simplified depiction of the biomes lying north of the Black Sea. The bright green belt girdling the Black Sea's southern coast, extending westwards, denotes a region of subtropics. Most of its territory lies within the Great European Plain, while parts of western regions and southern regions lay within the Alpine system. In general Ukraine comprises two different biomes: mixed forest towards the middle of continent and steppe towards the Black Sea littoral.

They eat the wood, creating long tunnels with side galleries and holes for excretion of frass and aeration to discourage fungal growth. They bore longitudinally into the stems, going towards the main stem or branch. Occasionally larvae will bore around a branch, causing girdling. Lemon tree borers can sometimes be found in dead trees, but prefer living trees as they require a certain level of humidity and nutrition to properly pupate to adulthood.

An idealised view of three large circulation cells showing surface winds Vertical velocity at 500 hPa, July average. Ascent (negative values) is concentrated close to the solar equator; descent (positive values) is more diffuse but also occurs mainly in the Hadley cell. The wind belts girdling the planet are organised into three cells in each hemisphere—the Hadley cell, the Ferrel cell, and the polar cell. Those cells exist in both the northern and southern hemispheres.

Besides, during the War he was interned in India. In October, 1946, he returning to Burma and found the Buddhist Foreign Mission organized in Mandalay; under the auspices of which he was sent out in July 1947 for a Buddhist survey of the contemporary world, with special reference to the USA. It was the first mission of its kind ever launched from Burma. The outcome of this Mission is detailed in his work Girdling the Globe with Truth.

A village became unusable as soil productivity gradually declined and local fish and game were depleted, so they periodically moved their villages from site to site. Villagers cleared the fields by felling, girdling, or firing trees at the base and then using fire to reduce the slash and stumps. The natives also used fire to maintain extensive areas of open game habitat throughout the East, later called "barrens" by European colonists. The Powhatan also had rich fishing grounds.

The joined bud and rootstock are held by a winding of rubber band, which will hold it until sealed, but the band will deteriorate in the sunlight so it soon breaks and does not pinch new growth, girdling the shoot. The percentage of "take" of the buds depends on the natural compatibility of the stock and scion, the sharpness of the knife, and the skill of the budder; even the experts will have some buds die.

Marmaduke Surfaceblow is a fictional engineer. His globe-girdling engineering adventures written by Steve Elonka first appeared in Power Magazine in 1948.Power Magazine Marmaduke is a marine engineer with vast knowledge of machinery. He works out of an office over O'Houlihan's Machine Shop in the Hells Kitchen area of New York City. His imposing 6 ft 4 in stature is described in every story along with his steelbrush moustache and size 16 "canal boat" shoes.

Some Hui believed that Islam was the true religion through which Confucianism could be practiced, accusing Buddhists and Daoists of "heresy", like most other Confucian scholars. They claimed Islam's superiority to "barbarian" religions. Among the many Muslims in pre-Chinese Lhasa, the Kokonor Hui community was permitted to maintain the abattoirs outside the confines of the girdling pilgrims' circuit of the city. Heinrich Harrer, Seven Years in Tibet, Rupert Hart-Davis Publisher London 1953 p.157.

Their superficial similarity with true beavers reflects only their relatively large size (for rodents), strong odor, preference for living in extremely watery / moist habitats, and propensity to consume tree seedlings as food - mountain beavers do not fell adult trees (though such trees may be killed by "girdling"), build dams, live in lodges, or communicate by tail slappings. They are predominantly nocturnal in above ground activities.Godwin, A. J. 1964. A review of the literature on the mountain beaver.

Because the feeding habits of the yellow-bellied sapsucker can injure trees and attract insects, it is sometimes considered a pest. The birds can cause serious damage to trees, and intensive feeding has been documented as a source of tree mortality. Sapsucker feeding can kill a tree by girdling, which occurs when a ring of bark around the trunk is severely injured. Ring shake—spaces between rings of growth in trees—can be a result of sapsucker injury.

The downward passage of phloem sap to the roots and this storing process can be interrupted by the viticultural practice of "girdling" or cincturing the vine. This process can improve fruit set by forcing the vine to direct most of its energy towards developing the grape clusters. The xylem is the woody tissue on the inside of the trunk that moves sap, enriched with water, minerals and other compounds, up from the roots to the leaves.

Because phloem tubes are located outside the xylem in most plants, a tree or other plant can be killed by stripping away the bark in a ring on the trunk or stem. With the phloem destroyed, nutrients cannot reach the roots, and the tree/plant will die. Trees located in areas with animals such as beavers are vulnerable since beavers chew off the bark at a fairly precise height. This process is known as girdling, and can be used for agricultural purposes.

Or it may be that that woman is being initiated by three witches. The globe hanging above the figures is divided into twelve segments, and contains two inscriptions; the year 1497, and, outlined with girdling, and the letters "OGH" - perhaps meaning "Odium generis humani" (Odium (disgust or ambush) against the human race), or "Oh Gott hüte" (Oh God Forbid) as suggested in 1675 by the German art-historian and painter Joachim von Sandrart, or "Ordo Graciarum Horarumque" (Order of the Graces and Hours).

However, the design allowance was 2,130 tons for a globe-girdling range of at . It seems this proved impractical, as the full load coal allowance is given in the same source as 1,576 tons. In July 1895 Columbia made a transatlantic crossing from Southampton to Sandy Hook in 6 days, 23 hours, 49 minutes for an average speed of 18.41 knots. This was without forced draft and was said to be the fastest crossing for a warship to that date.

There was a period in the mid 1960s when U.S. Forest Service policy in California's National Forests was systematic extermination of California black oak by girdling the trees. The objective was to make room for more coniferous growth. In the rush to utilize the pines, firs and redwoods, the dense hardwoods were looked on with contempt. Like a few other visionaries in the 1960s, Guy Hall thought the California black oak presented a beautiful challenge that deserved better than eradication.

Rogers traveled to Asia to perform in 1931, and to Central and South America the following year. In 1934, he made a globe- girdling tour and returned to play the lead in Eugene O'Neill's stage play Ah, Wilderness!. He had tentatively agreed to go on loan from Fox to MGM to star in the 1935 movie version of the play. But, concerned about a fan's reaction to the "facts-of-life" talk between his character and the latter's son, he declined the role.

Prescribed burning is another method of site preparation, but will not work because the shallow roots of western hemlock would get damaged, hurting the seed sources. Prescribed burning would also damage the thin bark of both western hemlock and red cedar girdling the trees. Chemical applications are restricted in the riparian reserves because of the danger of runoff or leaching of chemicals into the stream. So the methods that will be used for site preparation are: # Passive site preparation # Manual site preparation.

In Victoria, sambar deer have been listed as a threat to biodiversity under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 because they reduce the number of native plant species. The animals feed on some rare and endangered plants. More than 60 plant species have been identified as directly or indirectly threatened by sambar within Victoria. Adult male sambar deer can significantly damage plants, removing most branches on some shrubs and sometimes girdling trees by thrashing their antlers on shrubs and sapling trees.

Visualisation showing that the length added to the circumference (blue) is dependent only on the additional radius (red) and not the original circumference (grey) String girdling Earth is a mathematical puzzle with a counterintuitive solution. In a common version of this puzzle, string is wrapped around the equator of a perfectly spherical Earth. This string is cut and a piece in length is added in. The string is now rearranged so that it is at a uniform height above the equator.

She was elected president of the New York State Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs."Rivalry at Club Election" New York Times (May 8, 1921): 18. via ProQuest In 1923 she went on a world tour, to learn about how women offenders were handled in different court systems."Magistrate Jean Norris Will Tour the World to Learn how Women Offenders are Treated" New York Times (January 23, 1923): 23. via ProQuest"Woman Jurist is Girdling Globe to Study Courts" Honolulu Star- Bulletin (May 7, 1923): 4.

This happens by girdling, a practice where a deep circular cut through bark and sap is made into the heartwood. Other major goods that are transported from the nation's heartlands to Yangon for export are other foodstuffs, petroleum, cotton, and local commodities. Commercial transportation on the Irrawaddy is maintained for about : from Hinthada to Bhamo () throughout the year, but from Bhamo to Myitkyina (200 km) for only seven months. More than of navigable waterways exist in the Irrawaddy delta, and there is a system of connecting canals.

Gulfstream 650 with stairs open ;G650 : Initial production version ; : Extended Range version, with maximum takeoff weight increased by and an equivalent increase in fuel capacity; capable of flying at Mach 0.85. Certified in October 2014.Trautvetter, Chad. "Globe-girdling Gulfstream G650ER Gets Its Wings" AINonline, 9 October 2014. Accessed: 19 October 2014. Fuel capacity of the wet wings is increased by a modification to the fuel system, through a service bulletin; the modification is available as a $2 million retrofit for existing G650 aircraft.

Metrosideros robusta, the northern rātā, is a forest tree endemic to New Zealand. It grows up to or taller, and usually begins its life as a hemiepiphyte high in the branches of a mature forest tree; over centuries the young tree sends descending and girdling roots down and around the trunk of its host, eventually forming a massive, frequently hollow pseudotrunk composed of fused roots. In disturbed ground, or where there are gaps in the forest cover, Northern rātā will grow on the ground with a normal but short trunk.

It typically produces a large quantity of viable seeds. Under ideal conditions in its native range, Norway maple may live up to 250 years, but often has a much shorter life expectancy; in North America, for example, sometimes only 60 years. Especially when used on streets, it can have insufficient space for its root network and is prone to the roots wrapping around themselves, girdling and killing the tree. In addition, their roots tend to be quite shallow and thereby they easily out-compete nearby plants for nutrient uptake.

Rhamnus cathartica is difficult to control in its invasive range, because it sprouts vigorously and repeatedly from the root collar following cutting, girdling or burning.Barnes, Burton V. and Wagner Jr., Warren H. (2004). Michigan Trees Herbicide application to newly cut stumps is a popular and effective control method, but seeds stay viable in the soil for several years before sprouting, so repeated treatments and long-term monitoring of infested areas is required. Garlon and Tordon and their derivatives have been found to be effective chemical means of control.

On the topic of colonial Catholic Irish immigration, see also Williams (2002), pp. 43–44. The early culture of the Upland South was influenced by other European ethnicities. For example, the Swedes and Finns of New Sweden — relatively few in number but pioneering Pennsylvania before the Germans and Irish arrived — contributed techniques of forest pioneering such as the log cabin, the "zig-zag" split- rail fence, and frontier methods of shifting cultivation such as girdling trees and using slash and burn to convert forest into temporary crop and pasture land.Williams (2002), pg.

"No poem gives me such an idea of the heartlessness of Nature. The poem is Death within and Summer without—light girdling darkness—and it leaves a picture and impression on the mind never to be effaced." The poem of "The House of Death" is unequalled in its tragic beauty and sweetness. It was apropos of this volume that in one of his letters to her Robert Browning said he had closed the book with music in his ears and flowers before his eyes, and not without thoughts across his brain.

The scales inside the bulb become progressively translucent and watery and a mycelium develops between them. A mass of grey conidiophores and conidia develop on the mycelium and blackish sclerotia form at the site of the initial infection. In onion crops grown for the production of seed, Botrytis allii can cause spotting and girdling of the stipe (stem) and develop on the sheath that protects the inflorescence and on the flowers themselves. Concentric grey rings may form as the fungus sporulates and the crop may lodge (become flattened).

The dogwood twig borer is distributed in the United States of America wherever there are flowering dogwood trees. They are adaptable and although the bulk of a dogwood twig borer's diet is obtained from flowering dogwood trees, it can also feed on elm, azalea, and viburnum. Many species of fruit trees are attacked by the beetle. The beetle usually begins it's infestation by attacking individual twigs, so wilting leaves on twigs and drooping and girdling of twig tips most likely indicate an infestation by the dogwood twig borer.

Through the Civil War, the United States Navy had relied upon foreign sources—principally British—for their navigational charts, doing little of their own hydrographic work. Under Wyman's direction, the office began a systematic and sustained program of worldwide charting and surveying, the precursor of the navy's present globe- girdling oceanographic research effort. Wyman was given command of the North Atlantic Squadron in January 1879, leaving in on May 25, 1882, to become a member (and later chairman) of the Lighthouse Board. Rear Admiral Wyman died in Washington, D.C., on December 2, 1882.

Symptoms of this disease in spruce hosts include dead and dying branches and perennial lesions on the branches and trunk, which exude resins. Older branches (lower on the trees) sustain more damage than younger ones. In spring and early summer the foliage of an infected branches on host trees fade and turns brown, which is an indication of girdling occurring within a branch or along the mainstem caused by this pathogen. These brown needles will remain attached during the growing season and then fall off during the winter, leaving behind bare twigs and branches.

Signs of Leucostoma kunzei include the fungal stromata of its Cytospora stage which form annually in recently killed bark of cankers and more abundantly, outside of girdling cankers. Pycnidial stromata are shaped like short cones, 1-2 mm in diameter, with fertile chambers radiating from the center and opening through a common pore at the top. During moist conditions, they will produce yellow tendrils of conidia. An individual stroma however, only does this once. Conidia are unicellular, allantoid (sausage shaped), and 4-6 x 0.5-1 µm in size.

There is speculation that this dispersal by air may in fact be due to spore release via rain droplets which become free in air as the droplets evaporate. The conidia are found to be more abundantly dispersed in water and air, in contrast to ascospores. These airborne spores, as well as, insects provide an explanation for the spread of this disease from tree to tree. Once a branch or stem of a susceptible host has been girdled, the pathogen will rapidly colonize large areas of bark beyond the site of girdling.

Nina was ordered converted into a submarine tender 28 December 1905. On 25 May 1906, she arrived at the Newport Naval Torpedo Station, and, following a year’s service, was assigned as tender for the 1st Torpedo Flotilla. For the next four years, she served with the Atlantic Fleet’s infant submarine force in its pioneer coastal operations from Newport to Annapolis and Norfolk, Virginia. From 1 December 1908 to 22 February 1909, she participated in the great Review in Hampton Roads following the return of the Great White Fleet from its globe girdling cruise and joined submarines in exercises off the Virginia coast.

Kampung Pondo, with a huge colony of illegal immigrants house in Gaya Island. Starting from 1970s, Filipino-Moro refugees comprising Tausūg and Bajau peoples began to inhabit the island in their bid to escape from the war in the southern Philippines. Both the Malaysian federal government and the Sabah state government do not officially recognise the settlement and the inhabitants as they are known as illegal immigrants. The eastern shore of Gaya Island supports a well-known illegal Filipino colony, called Kampung Lok Urai, with stilt houses girdling the beach as far as the eye can see.

Generations of the beetle move to and from black walnut trees carrying the fungus as they create galleries, the adults typically moving horizontally, and the larvae moving vertically with the grain. As they move through the wood, the beetles deposit the fungus, which is then introduced into the phloem; cankers then develop around the galleries, quickly girdling the tree. The fungus has not been found to provide any value to the beetle. A study done by Montecchio and Faccoli in Italy in 2014 found that no fungal fruiting bodies were found around or on the cankers but in the galleries.

Arceuthobium spp. are considered to be a very serious pest in northern American forests. Unlike the other mistletoes in the Loranthaceae and Viscaceae families, the dwarf mistletoes have very reduced photosynthetic capability and draw heavily on the host for carbohydrates and diminish the amounts of carbohydrates and energy available to the host. The dwarf mistletoe also has a girdling effect on the stem which is infected, meaning that there is an accumulation of sugars distal to the infection which limits the flow of sugars and other chemicals, including hormones, needed by the roots, resulting in dieback of the tree.

In herbalism, cinchona bark was used as an adulterant in Jesuit's bark or Peruvian bark which originally is thought to have referred to Myroxylon peruiferum, another fever remedy. The bark of cinchona can be harvested in a number of ways. One approach was to cut the tree but this and girdling are equally destructive and unsustainable so small strips were cut and various techniques such as "mossing", the application of moss to the cut areas, were used to allow the tree to heal. Other approaches involved coppicing and chopping of side branches which were then stripped of bark.

Amanelisdze () were a noble family in medieval Georgia with a surge in prominence in the 12th and 13th centuries. The 13th-century anonymous Georgian chronicle The Histories and Eulogies of the Sovereigns mentions the Amanelisdze, together with the Vardanisdze and Saghiridze, as participants of the sword-girdling ceremony of Queen Tamar upon her coronation in 1184. During Tamar's reign, the family, with the title of eristavi ("duke"), held sway over the fief of Argueti in western Georgia, which purportedly passed on to them from the Kakhaberidze. Upon the latter family's return to ascendancy, the Amanelisdze went in decline and disappeared from records.

On 11 March 1971, the first formal construction of a United States Navy communication station on Diego Garcia began, which was to forge another link in the globe-girdling system of transmitting and receiving stations. On 12 March 1971, Vernon County became the first LST in history to beach on largely unexplored Diego Garcia, offloading much of her heavy equipment to prepare a staging site for the reception of the many tons of supplies and equipment needed to build the station. As the days passed, the atoll began to change; the ship rode higher in the water as equipment was unloaded.

After transiting the Philippine and Indonesian > archipelagos and crossing the Indian Ocean, she rounded the Cape of Good > Hope and arrived off the St. Peter and Paul Rocks on 25 April — 60 days and > 21 hours after departing the mid-ocean landmark. Only once did her sail > break the surface of the sea, when she transferred a sick sailor to USS > Macon (CA-132) off Montevideo, Uruguay, on 6 March. She arrived back at > Groton, Connecticut, on 10 May, having completed the first submerged > circumnavigation of the earth. > Tritons globe-girdling cruise proved invaluable to the United States.

The tree may also be attacked by the horse chestnut scale insect (Pulvinaria regalis) which sucks sap from the trunk and branches, but does not cause serious damage to the tree. Sometimes squirrels will strip the bark off branches, girdling the stem; as a result whole branches may die, leaving brown, wilted leaves. The sycamore gall mite Eriophyes macrorhynchus produces small red galls, similar to those of the nail gall mite Eriophyes tiliae, on leaves of sycamore and field maple, Acer campestris from April onwards. Another mite, Aceria pseudoplatani causes a 'sycamore felt gall' on the underside of leaves of both sycamore and Norway maple (Acer platanoides).

RV-4s have been flown around the world, notably by an Australian, Jon Johanson, who completed world-girdling RV-4 flights on two occasions. Many larger people find the RV-4 cockpit design physically constraining, and as a result VanGrunsven has designed an entire family of derivative designs. The RV-6 was designed to allow side-by-side seating, and the RV-8 was created as an enlarged aircraft that follows the RV-4's philosophy and offers tandem seating in a bigger aircraft. Unlike most later RV series designs, RV-4 kits are only available with conventional landing gear, although some may have been constructed in tricycle configuration by builders.

By assuming that all possible components exist initially in roughly equal (but minuscule) amplitudes, the size of the final drops can be predicted by determining by wave number which component grows the fastest. As time progresses, it is the component with the maximal growth rate that will come to dominate and will eventually be the one that pinches the stream into drops. Although a thorough understanding of how this happens requires a mathematical development (see references), the diagram can provide a conceptual understanding. Observe the two bands shown girdling the stream—one at a peak and the other at a trough of the wave.

On January 7, 1980, the acquisition of National was completed, with Pan Am taking over the National Airlines fleet and route network. Pan Am continued to utilize the former National Miami maintenance base and headquarters building until Pan Am itself ceased operations in December 1991. Much later, National's "Sun King" logo was sold and "repackaged" much like Pan Am's to appear upon the branding of start up "low cost carrier" Southeast Airlines aircraft. Most industry analysts believe that Pan Am paid too high a price for National, and was ill-prepared to integrate National's domestic route network with Pan Am's own globe-girdling international network.

It was discovered later that Kehoe had cut all his wire fences as part of his preparations to destroy his farm, girdling young shade trees to kill them and cutting off his grapevine plants before putting them back on their stumps to hide the damage. He gathered lumber and other materials and put them in the tool shed which he later destroyed with an incendiary bomb. By the time of the bombing, Nellie Kehoe had become chronically ill with what resembled tuberculosis, for which there was no effective treatment or cure at the time. Her frequent hospital stays may have contributed to the family's debt.

T. superbus grows to a length of or more but is only about wide. It has a rounded head and a firm, cylindrical body, gradually decreasing in diameter to a bluntly pointed tail. The colouring is distinctive, being bright red, reddish-brown or dark brown with white or yellowish lines along the mid-dorsal, lateral and mid-ventral surfaces, and white rings girdling the body; the front three rings are widely spaced while the hinder ones are more closely packed together. There are a pair of sensory organs on the sides of the worm near the front of the body, but no cephalic glands (mucus secreting glands) on the head in this species.

As the name suggests, mobilida cells are mobile, capable of moving about on the body of a host organism, and of swimming between hosts. This sets them apart from the predominantly sessile peritrichs of the order Sessilida, such as Vorticella and Epistylis, which, during the feeding, or vegetative, phase of the life cycle remain attached to submerged surfaces, often by means of a stalk. Like all peritrichs, the mobilids possess a spiral wreathe of cilia running counterclockwise around the oral region (peristome), at the anterior of the cell. Ciliature on the body is restricted to a posterior wreathe called the "trochal band," made up of three rings of cilia girdling the aboral region of the cell.

Noxious weed plant The main threat to the flora ecosystem at Aiken canyon preserve is invasive noxious weed overgrowth. Such effects have been shown that noxious weeds are capable of overwhelming native plants by tactics such as overshadowing for sunlight, consuming more nutrition from water and soil as well as accelerated growth in comparison. Efforts such as environmental management programs have been put into place by the conservatory to minimise such effects on the land and ecosystem. Examples of these programs are seen in a weed extraction handbook from the conservancy where recommendations include manual approaches such as pulling or stabbing and more mechanical processes such as flooding, tilling, soil solarization, mulching and girdling.

In 1967, Sayle accompanied the Bolivian army as it tracked down Che Guevara in the South American jungle.("He established his professional reputation with a number of memorable scoops: he tracked down Che Guevara in the Bolivian jungle, and from an aircraft he spotted Francis Chichester's globe-girdling yacht as it rounded Cape Horn.") Although they did not meet up with Che, they found what Sayle described as "a strongly fortified base of Castro-type Communist guerrillas." Sayle searched through the rubbish left behind at the base and found documentary evidence, including a photograph and asthma prescriptions, that enabled Sayle to report that Che had left Cuba and was fomenting Communist insurrection in South America.

A bridge graft is used to supply nutrients to the rootstock of a woody perennial when the bark, and therefore the conductive tissues, have been removed from part of the trunk. This wound is often caused by rabbits or other rodents, stripping the bark away and girdling the tree. The inability of the plant to transport food manufactured in the leaves down to the root system, causes the root system to die and in the death cycle, the resulting lack of root system causes the upper portions of the plant to die. Where one-quarter or less of the trunk circumference has been girdled, it may not be necessary to use this technique.

The fruit's size has not been shown to increase appreciably by girdling the vines or by applying gibberellic acid when the berries set. The aborted seeds of Thomcord are small, but in some years they can become sclerified (a thickening and lignification of the walls of plant cells and the subsequent dying off of the protoplasts), making them more noticeable inside the medium-soft flesh. There are usually two aborted seeds per berry, which averaged between 14 and 22.3 mg in 2001 and 2002. This varied in comparison to Venus depending on the year and location, was comparable to the Sovereign Coronation, and was significantly smaller than the Sovereign Rose and Saturn varieties.

William Price Williamson was born in Norfolk, Virginia on August 10, 1884, the son of Thom and Julia Price Williamson. He grew up near Washington D.C. and, after graduation from Western High School there, was appointed midshipman on June 29, 1903, and graduated from the Naval Academy with the class of 1907, in the advanced section of that class, on September 12, 1906. Assigned to Indiana (Battleship No. 1), he landed from that ship at Kingston, Jamaica, in January 1907 and was cited by his commanding officer for his efficient work in a rescue party during fires resulting from an earthquake there. Williamson later joined Kansas (Battleship No. 21) and made the globe-girdling cruise of the Great White Fleet (1907–1908) before he was ordered to Washington, D.C., in March 1909 for "ordnance instruction".

On 17 June 1939, Handley Page received an order for 200 Hampden twin-engined medium bombers, and by 3 September 1939, the chain of radar stations girdling the British coast was fully operational. Chamberlain was reluctant to seek a military alliance with the Soviet Union; he distrusted Joseph Stalin ideologically and felt that there was little to gain, given the recent massive purges in the Red Army. Much of his Cabinet favoured such an alliance, and when Poland withdrew her objection to an Anglo–Soviet alliance, Chamberlain had little choice but to proceed. The talks with Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov, to which Britain sent only a low-level delegation, dragged on over several months and eventually foundered on 14 August 1939 when Poland and Romania refused to allow Soviet troops to be stationed on their territories.

In effect it is the glue which binds the heavens to the material, and so allows the maxim "As above, so below." Apart from the Archeus, which is primarily a Platonic name for the subject, this sphere is also called the Anima Mundi, Soul of the World, Spirit of the World, The Transitive LVX, The Path of Saturn (connecting Malkuth and Yesod in the system of Jewish mysticism called the Kabbalah), the Earth Sphere and the Zone Girdling the Earth. It is also sometimes simply called the lower astral sphere, or the "geographic" region of it, as everything in the Archeus parallels physical manifestation. The term was also used for the nature of fire, or the 'fire lodged in the center of the Earth', to which was ascribed the generation of metals and minerals, and which was believed to be the principle of life in vegetables.

The regular use of prescribed fire, the girdling of unwanted trees, and the planting and tending of favored trees suppressed the populations of a number of tree species that did not produce nuts, acorns, or fruit, while increasing the populations of numerous tree species that did. In addition, the burning away of forest-floor litter made these foods easier to find, once they had fallen from the trees. Some have argued that such Native American land-use practices increased the populations of various animal species, including the passenger pigeon, by increasing the food available to them, while elsewhere it has been claimed that, by hunting passenger pigeons and competing with them for some kinds of nuts and acorns, Native Americans suppressed their population size. Genetic research may shed some light on this question. A 2017 study of passenger-pigeon DNA found that the passenger-pigeon population size had been stable for 20,000 years prior to its 19th-century decline and subsequent extinction, while a 2016 study of ancient Native-American DNA found that the Native-American population went through a period of rapid expansion, increasing 60-fold, starting about 13–16 thousand years ago.